The ranch. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1902-1914, 1914-05-15
for 90 gallons of water.
APHIDES.

There are many varieties of
aphides, the most troublesome to or
chards, especially to apples, is the
''wooly aphis." This variety has a
white colored wool-Iike substance.
which is not really wool, but is a
flocculent mass of wax which exudeS
from the insect and resembles wool.
They cannot travel like the winged
varieties, but are carried by ants to
the wounded parts of the trees, where
they obtain their food by sucking the
sap or to the tender growing parts
of the top or roots. where with their
/ sucking beaks they puncture the bark
and suck the sap. The apparent rea-
son why ants are SO attentive in pro-
viding them with food, is that the
ants in turn feed upon the sweetish,
honey dew like substance which the
aphis excrete. The injury done to
trees is not only on account of the
fact that the insects feed upon the
sap, but on account OF the fact that
in puncturing the bark, the cells of
the trees are so disturbed and disar-
ranged that small knots or excres-
cences form and gals result. This
is very often the cause of 'root
gals" by various names. 1t is rec
commended to spray with lime-sul-
phur before the buds open, but this
does no good for those on the roots.
After the buds open kerosene emul-
sion is used, or tobacco leaf. The
most difficult thing is to get at the
roots, and some do this by placing
tobacco leaves around the roots.
However this has not been uniformly
successful.
FORMULA FOR TOBACCO SPRAY.
Tobacco leaves, one pound. Water,
four gallons. Simmer for one hour
and strain. Two pounds OF tobacco
dust may be substi tuted for the one
pound of tobacco leaves. There is
manufactured what is called black
leaf extract which is in general use,
and may be used one part to IS parts
water. Other tobacco formulas are
employed which may be used accord
ing to directions on the package.
KEROSENE EMULSION
FORMULA.
The kerosene emulsion formula is
kerosene two gallons, whale oil soap
one half pound, water one gallon.
Dissolve the soap in the water by
boiling, and add the suds boiling hot
Be sure and keep the kerosene away
from the fire or you may kill some
thing besides orchard pests. The
mixture is then to be agitated vio-
lently until it begins to emulcify.
This agitation is best done with
spray pump, and if it is done vigor-
ously in about five minutes the mix
ture becomes creamy This forms
what is called a "stock solution"
which can be used, one gallon to 10
gallons of water. The tobacco spray
and the kerosene emulsion spray are
the kinds mostly used for all kinds of
sucking insects, such as green aphis,
black aphis. brown aphis. white
aphis, etc. The time to spray is
when the insects first appear. If it
is neglected a few days until the
leaves curl, they are so protected by
the curled leaf, that the spray does
not reach them. Black leaf may be
mixed with arsenate of lead, but soap
and arsenate of lead should never be
com bined.
BORDEAUX.
The bordeaux mixture may be used
for grasshoppers which affect garden
and orchard plants, flea beetle, cut
worms, black-spot canker in apples,
brown rot, plum, cherry and peach
mold, potato blight, anthracnose,
etc.
FORMULA FOR BORDEAUX.
Bluestone "copper" suIphate), five
pounds; water, 80 gallons. Dissolve
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