davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-05-03

gives preferential rates on the rali-
roads to all workmen who may he III
rected by an exchange 10 a place or
work at distance. Recent reports III
dictate that on the average more IMAM
10000 persons a month are placed
through these agencies.
The German system has been dupli-
Gated with great success in AUSTRIA
Hungary, and has indeed served 10
some extent as a model for most other
lands. Switzerland has only few mu-
nicipal exchanges. Belgium has a
great lumber, in as great variety rs
those Of Germany itself, including some
large and prosperous exchanges main
tanned by the cooperation Of employ
ers and employees.
In France we must discriminate Le-
tween the true labor exchanges main
tanned by the municipalities and That
big and notorious Bourse du Travail
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-05-03
TIE SITE OF THE
EQUITABLE BUILDING ON
DECEMBER lOTs 1912

adds immcasurably to the eloquence
of his tribute to New York's future.
Eypcrt real estate men told him that
ho ran mo- risk in purchasing the SQUARE
blo,l, bounded by Broadway, Pine
Cedar and Nassau SIS. in spite of its
fabulous price. that the city's indus
,rial life would continue 10 focus in the
present vicinity Of The stock Exchange,
the Sub-Treasury and the great banks
although DeIos +. Wilcox told the
Charities Conference that in 1860 the
burden Of passenger traffic, if it con
tinued along present lines. would de-
mand POO parallel tracks through the
heart of the city's business centre.
Given The value Of the site then 1t
immediately became necessary TO plan
a b,ildinc to stand upon it which would
return a profit. and such building. it
was found. had to be the biggest
structure ever man dared 10 erect. 1t
* to he severely businesslike in aspect,
10 dispense with lavish ornamentauon,
though not TO go unaGorned. Vast
buildings. like big people. should de-
mend upon form rather than detail to
attract the artistic eye. and all build
ings to employ a platitude of art
should express their purposes clearly IN
heir architecture The Equitable
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-05-03

than TO any other modern country;
probab bly, because OF the prevalence
there Of so many guilds Of various
kinds and the genius Of the people for
systematic organization. Early in the
last century numerous labor exchanges
were successfully operated there. al
though il was not until in The last
twenty years that the now dominant
system Of official exchanges. both mu-
nicipal and national. was organized.
At the present time there are In that
empire seven distinct varieties OF these
institutions There are private agen-
cies. or intelligence offices, dealing
chiefly with domestic help. There are
registries for agricultural labor. There
are travellers homes which do
small and not important business in
seeking employment for wanderers.
There are the agencies Of the trade
unions. devoted 10 their specific trades.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-05-03

which became such centre OF poilt!cAl
collation. and disorder as 10 require
suppression. Napoleon III, IN the ne
clining years of his reign, founded d
bureau de placement as a sop 10 INC
proletarian Cerebrus. but it won no
favor and was failure econonlic8''E
as we'll as politically.
But in 1892 the municipality OF faris
took up the scheme and opened near
the Central Markets huge nine story
building, 10 be A clubhouse ana en-
pIoyrnent agency for all the working
men of the city. II did a great ana
good work for a time. but too soon be-
came identified with "syndicallsm ana
sabotage" and the universal strikes.
There is. however. throughout France
an admirable system Of municipal LABOR
agencies. or bureau de placement sra-
TUT" which are rapidly supplantins all
other concerns Of the kind, and are
now credited with providing more than
a million men with places each year.
Great Britain Jagged Deh!nd the olhet
countries in establishing an official sys-
tenn of labor exchanges, and her hrst
attempt at it was a failure. In l9o-
the labor bureauX' act authorized
not ordered-metropolitan boroughs to
open such institutions at public eX-
pansc. The result was that few bor-
oughs did so, while the most did not
there was no cooperation nor inter-
change of ideas among them and 70
practical good was accomplished. In
1909, however. the labor exchanges dcl
was passed, and it proved far more Ell
fectual II gave the Board OF works
power 10 establish exchanges wherever
it saw tit, and in consequence VIDE
spread system was at once organized
with the closest OF cooperation among
all the Offices
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-05-03
TIME WAS REALLY MONEY THE ORIGINAL LABOR EACHANUE

In London there were, or now are,
dozen first class exchanges Tor tna
various sections Of the metropolis. IN
each exchange of this class there ara
separate registry rooms for skilled anu
unskilled workmen, for women ana 10Y
children. There are private rooms TOT
confidential interviews between EN-
ployers and employees. There ars
women superintendents in charge OF
the womens rooms. and there ae
among the superintendents many hohO'
graduates Of NEWMAN and Girton coy
leges who were special students OF po-
litical economy and sociological suo-
jects.
II - of interest 70 observe mat undeF
;he labor exchanges act a worKlhS"
does not disqualify himself by refusine
10 accept an offer Of work OF tn'
ground that a strike OF other dispute
AZ the time existing in that trade o'
that the wages offered are lower Ihsh
the prevailing rate. II Is worthy -
note. also. and Of emulation that
we're penalties are prescribed FOR 'hs
making OF false pretences, either d! a"
employer for securing workmen OF "
a workman for securing employment
There is a system Of advancing "
workmen the railroad fares needed fo'
getting from the exchange 10 "a dis'@"'
place where employment is assured
The various state and municipal syS
TENS which have thus far been es'd''
lished in this country differ ailo"'
themselves in many respects. All ha''
efficient features. though IN an some
defects have been discovered.
national exchange j. created u "ou'o
seem TO be the part Of wisdom, u no' "
necessity for is success. 10 have an wv
state and municipal exchanges co'''
dnated with il. at least 10 such an g
tent that there will be pretty uniio'"
plan of operation and certainly 'i0s'
intercommunication among them ."
One Of the greatest evils Of our mus
trial system is the unequal distrlou''"
OF labor, which often causes A gi"' -
one part Of the country and at W
same moment a dearth in another -
course. much labor is practically SO
tionary. But sufficient proporuon
il is mobile To equalize the Distribute
in accordance with needs, II onE
formation and transportation are P'v.
yided. The making OF that pro'is'V'
would probably be one ~ the most W
portsnt functions Of the nation"
change.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-05-03

OW that the word "gringo' is DC
NJ ing freely used in the dispatches
i from Mexico, being applied TO
Americans by the natives Of the Republic
across the Rio Grande. it might be Of
interest to trace the origin OF the term,
which is neither English nor Spanish. al
though perfectly we'll understood in both
languages as meaning foreigners. and &C.
pecialIy Americans.
"Estranjero." or stranger, is the term
most frequently used in the other Span
ish-American countries 10 describe for
eigner although when an American Is
meant. the term "Yanqui' Is not inire-
quently applied While in Mexico
..Yanaui'' is a favorite term. gringo' is
the most common and perhaps the best
understood among all classes of Next
cans. The term "gringo' Is not applied
exclusively TO Americans. all foreigners
I'm Mexico come under that designation.
IL is heard. however, more often In con-
nection with Americans in the disturbed
country than any other foreigners. This
is due TO greater influence OF Americans
in Mexico, and also TO the larger number
Of Americans there.
The term "gringo' has been In use IN
Mexico since the war with the United
States in 1s47. The American troops who
fought there under Taylor and Scott were
indirectly responsible for It's origin. 1t
has been in use ever since and has been
accepted as a part OF the large Mexican
vocabulary OF colloquialisms.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-05-03

At the time OF the Mexican war there
was a popular song current whose re-
frain included the line Where the green
grass grows The song was a favorite
with the American soldiers. and they
sang il day and night. il caught the
Mexicans. too. They tried 10 repeat the
refrain. but their best effort TO sing
where the green grass grows produced
only grin goes And grin goes was
grated into the Mexican lexicon. II re-
manned even after the American army
had left Mexico. and with them the re-
frain of the song that they introduced.
But the green grass grows remained
behind. somewhat twisted, TO be sure.
but. nevertheless. 10 become near
Spanish term 10 describe Americans and
other foreigners.
Under similar circumstances the Cubans
Of Santiago got a mistaken impression
during the Spanish American War about
the tune OF the American national an
them. When the American army occu-
pied Santiago the song "Therell BE a
Hot Time in the old Town Tonight
was popular in this country. The SOL
diers took il with them % Cuba The
words and lively air were particularly
fitting TO the occasion The army bands
PLAYED il and the soldiers sang II with
such frequency and vim that the Cubans
became convinced that il must be the
American anthem. When once they had
memorized the air. the Cuban bands. TO
show the appreciation OF the people for
the intervention OF the United states In
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-05-03
LONDON HEADQUARTERS AND
BRANCHES.

This system began work on February
|, 1910. with headquarters IN London
but with branches throughout all three
kingdoms There was a national clear
ing house az Westminster. and there
were eleven divisional clearing houses
in the industrial districts into which
the country was divided. There were
thirty first class exchanges in manu-
featuring towns Of more than 100000
population. second class exchanges in
towns between 10000 and 10000 and
third class exchanges in towns Of less
than 10000.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-05-03
THE OLD EQUITABLE BUILDING
rur DAY AFTER TIE FIRE

feet below the curb, reaching down to
bed rock. The great cofferdam extends
e,phtv-fve feet below the curb line to
solid rock.
An idea Of the immensely OF the
Equitable Building may be gathered
from the large quantities OF raw mate
riaIe that will 20 into it's construction.
The steel framework alone Will weigh
about $4,000 tons when placed in POSI-
tion. For the outer walls and interior
nartitions 100000 bricks will be re
ouired. besides $4,000 square feet OF
marble. I'm welding the steel, stone
and brick together making the build-
ing a veritable monolith, 10000 bar
reIs. or $40. 900 bags, of cement will ne
used, in addition TO 1,3J0O0O cubic rect
Of sand. The exterior Of the building
which will be finished with carved
stone and ornamental terra Gotta, VIII
call for 1Gs. 900 cubic feet of this ma
terial for its adornmenL
Above the curb line Of Pine ST. and
Broadway the Equitable Building VIII
tower 80 feet Is inches and below the
curb line there will be another % feet
to be devoted 70 the purposes OF the
building. In other words, there VIII De
thirty-eight stories above ground and
three below. These will give noor
space of nearly forty-ive acres. Few
cities Of 1000 inhabitants can boast
If go great an area devoted TO business
pllrt OscS.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-05-03
STARTLING ESTIMATES OF NEW
WORKS GROWTH.

Dclos e.. WilcoN chief of the Bureau
n Frsnchi-cs a. the Public Service
commission. quoted To- the Charities
Conference year ago some rather
startling estimates of the city's growth
based ON careful studies made by the
commission. BY 1920. for example. the
commission has estimated that New
Works population vorld have increased
s. per cent. on the basis If a b per
cent increase every seven years the
city's population in % years viii have
reached -. OO0. OOC. That is rather stag
cering. isn't it? And the question
arises. of course. VIII the pressure for
Office space in the financial district m
crease in proportion?
You MAJ be sure that General du
Point did not neglect TO ask this ques-
ton before committing himself TO his
gigantic venture i'm New York real
estate. He had II body of experts en-
gage in Il stud covering al social and
economic phenomena as they affected
The business needs Of the city, special
consideration being given to subway
DEVELOPMENT, 10 the business building
situation ara to the traffic problems
The reports OF q multitude of commits
sions dealing with congestion Of popu-
lation. regulation of building height
and street Improvement were studied
and sifted.
II is well To know, however. that
General du Pont is not building the
Equita bic Building because he wants 10
own the biggest building in the world.
He has planned it purely as an invest
ment. not a monument and TINS fact
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-05-03
H7GF STRICT71RE SHOWS FAITH IN CI7YS FUTURE
General Du POINTS
Glance Far Ahead
to Result in Nam.
moth Beehive.

The Equitable Building will have n.
notice department, its street CLEANING
department. its health department. n.
fire department. IT will have It's munIci.
pal ice plant, it's municipal public ser.
vice. its municipal restaurant, It's mn.
nicipal water and heating departments
and will demonstrate. 50 lie builde-.
predict. chat all OF these department,
may be run with the single idea Of o..
fcient service and with graft elm.
mated. This will be an object lesson
well worth the study Of any city.
As TO the fire department, there viii
be a fire alarm station and four Dow.
erful lines Of hose on each floor v,,5
competent men to man the station.
should occasion demand While ,ss
building itself will be as nearly sr..
proof as the ingenuity n man eas
make it. it is realized that the con.
tents Of the Offices cannot be made ire.
proof. and It is for the protection n
these that this elaborate system han
been installed.
The elevator system of the Equitable
Building may be likened 10 the troIlsy
system Of a city. There win he forty.
eight elevators in six banks Of egn.
each to accommodate those who i've
and work above ground and TWO side.
wa lifts to take care Of those beos
ground. The total elevator trscSags
will be 20.240 feet. nearly four miles
The express elevators VIII run at 4
speed Of about seven and one-hf
miles an hour. which is greater han
the speed Of the average trolley car. Il
is an interesting coincidence that on
the identical site Of the EquitasIs
Building the first elevator IN any ofice
building was installed. m 1870.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-05-03
IMPERIAL SUPERVISION OF GER
MAN INSTITUTION.

There arc. finally, the public. state
and municipal exchanges, which were
organized in lS94-'96 under imperial
supervision There are now more than
two hundred of these, there being one
in every city Of $1,000 population. and
many in smaller places. Indeed. there
is no industrial centre of any impof-
lance which is not provided with one.
As they are all under imperial super
vision there is close cooperation among
them. The telephone. the telegraph
and the mails are used freely for inter
communication. and the government
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-05-03
FAILURE OF EXCHANGE ON
GRAYS INN ROAD.

This novel arrangement was at hrst
received with much favor largely De
cause of the strong appeal when us
gifted. if visionary. promoter was aole
IN make TO the faith and imagination
Of the public. Many tradesmen patron
ized the time store" and accepted the
labor notes" in exchange for Their
goods. In the first four months more
than Az 600 hours business was thus
transacted. The hour, it may be eN-
planned. was equivalent in value to SIX
pence. that being the mean of compen-
station between the best paid and worst
paid labor.
But difficulties soon arose some from
inherent defects in the system ana
some from faulty or unscrupulous ap-
plication Of il. There was lack OF dis
elimination in assessing the value OF
goods and in Distinguishing between
the values of skilled and unskllled
labor. Shrewd merchants brought I'M
salable goods TO the store, exchanged
them for labor notes" and then with
those notes purchased the most salaple
articles. In a few months the notes
were at discount. and within two
years from it's opening the establish
ment was closed and the experiment
was acknowledged to be failure
Thus passed away that form Of labor
exchange, to be succeeded by another
very different in conception and opera
ton. but UNNECESSARILY more success
ful. We must probably credit the elao-
ora. ion of the system TO Germany more
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-05-03
SEVEN GREAT BOILERS TO GEN.
crate HEAT.

There are few cities Of $1,000 peopls
which can boast of power plant equal
TO that TO be installed in the Equitable
Building. Located fifty feet below the
curb line and twelve feet below ths
mean high-water mark, on a moor space
covering 26,1OO square feet. viii os
seven great boilers generating heat
which multitude Of engines will
transform into $500 horsepower Of en-
ergv. These boilers will eat up fifty
five tons Of coal Caily. Much OF this
energy will be transformed into cleo
tricity by six enormous dynamos with
a capacity Of 1900 kiloNatt units
This great force will furnish the power
for the elevators, ventilatlng and
vacuum systems and other instrument
talities in which electricity can best be
used.
Furthermore the Equitable Building
will be absolutely Independent Of the
weather as il affects the ice crop. Il
will have complete artificial ice plant
Of its own, capable of turning OUT All
the ice of the purest quality It's tenants
can possibly use.
General du Pont has had varied
business career. After graduating
from the Massachusetts, Institute OF
Technology he took up coal MINING
which he pursued for ten years. ~
then engaged in special work having q
do with street railways for six or seven
ears. followed by general street rail-
way work occupying three or tour
wears. He entered upon the making OF
explosives in 1902. although his family
mad been engaged in this branch Of N
dustrv since 1900.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-05-03
Equitable Building
Will Be Worlds
Largest and on
CoStIieSt Site.

rrfIEN Mayor Mitchell laid the
M cornerstone OF the new Equi-
w table Building last Wednesday
he recognized officially in behalf oil
the city. one Of the greatest manifesto
tioas VI faith in the future of New York
which any individual has ever shown
The individual I'm this instance is Cen
cral r. Coleman du Pont, president Of
tho Equitable ONCE Building Corpora
tion and head Of the famous du Pont
family Of Delaware which. heretofore
has identified itself more particularly
with the power, of destruction 6with
gunpowGer and high explosives. rather
than with those of creation. General
du Pont has looked aaead generation
in New York and his vision OF the
city at the end Of twenty years. let us
say. has caused him to erect on the
costiest building site in the world the
lsrgest commercial building in the
world.
II is not To- be- The highest building
in the city-dt least four others now
.tandirs VIII top it-bUt il is TO rise
Is stories from q plot comprising an
entire city block and moi diminish IN
bulk as il rises. 1, viii contain l5ooooo
square ieci Of foot area. on nearly -
acres. n is TO house. when eomiortaoIE
iuod 1000 Of New YcrNs ant-lke
population. II was planned on the oaslS
of yearly renal Of $3.oo'.oop' II VIII
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-05-03
THE COMPLETE CITY WITHIN a
BUILDING.

I'm taxable value and wealth the
rouitanle Building would rank high IN
= list OF cities. The prime cost OF Tue
building. some S30O00.O0o gives ''l
estate assessment which might wen
cause envy among a majority OF ire
smaller municipalities Of the country
while the wealth within its walls, When
If has become fully populated ana
the volume Of business TRANSACTED WIZ
he exceeded by few cities in the United
States. The figures for some OF the
smaller states will seem insisnlnO"h'
by comparison.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-05-03
TIE TIME STORE" HAS ITS DAY
AND DISAPPEARS.

second store was opened AT rus
caravans, Ohio. and third at Mount
Vernon, Ind. They ran their niue
round among the other "isms' of ina
inventive and experimentive age ana
,ben disappeared without having pro-
dIced any marked impression upon
This country. Labor was not yet so
much OF a drug in our market as 10
need any such artificial aid Tor It's
,roe,eblo sale. But the experiment
was closely observed by Robert owen
rhe famous English social reiormer
and he made a noteworthy attempt 10
transplant it to that country, where ne
sxpec,ed Il 10 transform the whole IN
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-05-03

There are the guild exchanges main
tanned by cmployers-mostly and
smaller ones-for service within their
own trades. There are general agcn-
cies maintained by combinations of en-
blowers in all trades
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-05-03

-HF Governors recent signing OF
the law providing for a state
- labor exchange or employment
bureau and the current proposals 10
establish a national office of that klnd
suggest recollection of the fact that II
was in this country that such institu-
tions had their origin, at least In mod
ern times No doubt somebody VIII
ind upon a Babylonian brick some rec
ord Of the existence of Intelligent
offices in the days of Hammurabi -
far as the modern world is concerned,
however. such enterprises began with
the once famous time store. That
name has a visionary and futurist
eound ms though il belonged to one of
II G. Wells's romantic speculations on
DAYS TO come. In fact 1t was
Yankee notion" of few generations
ago and while il differed radically
from the labor exchange OF to-day IL
was really it's forerunner. our pres
ent labor bureaus are places IN winch
EMPLOYERS and employees are oroueht
together for engagements. The iaoor
hureau OF time store" days was an
institution in which through medium
If nrinted currency labor was eX-
changed directly for commodities
Cincinnati was its birthplace. That
rising city had recently discarded ITS
former name of Losantiville for the
NOW one in honor of HamiltOn's patri-
otto order of the Cincinnati, and was
attracting to itself many enterprising
men from New England. Among them
was Josiah Warren, who in lS2e opened
there his first time store, az which
the time Of workingmen was accepted
as basis of value. eXchangeable Tor
goods and also payable for IN goods.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-05-03
ORIGIN OF THE TERM "GRINGO"

their revolution against Spain, played
the Hot Time song whenever they
wished 10 honor a group Of Americans or
one OF the commanding military men o.
the army OF intervention.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-05-03

rest. on this the mighty underpinnlng
of the structure is being built. Alto
gether there will BE- about 80 feet OF
giant caissons of concrete and steel.
each eighty feet long each as many
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-05-03

rIlEN Mayor Mitchell laid inc
M cornerstone OF the new Equi-
w table Building last Wednesday