The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-07-05

structed to read to the Pontiff, the Elm peror addressed these rough threats to the heir of St. Peter:
 There were kings before there were Fopes. Any pope who denounced me to christendom would cease to be pope in my eyes; would look upon him as anti Christ. 1 would cut my people off from all communication with Rome. Does the pope take me for Louis the Pious? 1 will not fear to gather the Gallician, Ital- ian, German and Polish churches in a council without any pope and protect my peoples against the priests of Rome This is the last time 1 will enter into any dis cussion with the Roman priest rabhle."
 While Plus VII discreetly yielded to the commander-in-chief of an army of S0O,00o soldiers so far as to consent to the ex- clusion of British trade from his do- minions, he refused to declare war against England and become a militant ally of France. Thereupon an imperial army suddenly entered Rome, arresting and deporting the papal secretary of state and various members of the cardinaate until only 21 cardinals remained in the city, which now lay beneath the sword of Napoleon.
 The little Kingdom of Portugal torn between the master of the land and the sea, also failed to meet the Emperor S demands in full. and he hurled upon it a T IeHCn dfIny UT 1nVdSlOn unQer the COIfl- mand of Junot Sir Sidney Smith, the ubiquitous rover of the sea, who had baffled Napoleon at Acre. was in Lisbon harbor as the invaders approached the city, and he induced the poor mad Queen and her Prince Regent to board one of his ships. When, therefore. Junot arrived at the palace he found that Smith had removed the Portuguese crown beyond his reach and that the royal family had tn tlai x.rba la fugitive Braganzas set up throne for the first time in the western hemisphere and ultimately founded the empire of Brazil.
 Turning Upon Spain
 While France bore with patience and even appeared to flourish in the midst of the great trade war. there were subject and allied states which groaned beneath the burdens 1t imposed upon them. The tidal rivers of Europe once thronged with a rich commerce, flowed idly to the hostile sea, and the minions of the empire hunting down trade as a crime grew increasingly hateful to the sub Jugated peoples As Napoleon felt his throne rock on the rising waves of dis content he announced to his council, q must be the master of all the capitals Of Europe" With Paris. Lisbon, Rome, Maple, Turin, Berne, Munich, Berlin and The Hague under his control he de- termined that Madrid should next be added to his group of captive capitals
 Although the King of Spain belonged to the Bourbon family he had purchased peace by becoming an ally of the French revolution the year after 1t had cut off the head of his cousin, Louis XVI, and he had remained an ally of Napoleon. But while Prussia was march, ing on France in the inglorjous cam paign of 1906 the Spanish court resolved to break the French alliance. and it made ready to strike Napoleon in the back. When, however, he crushed the Prussians at Jena he crushed at, the same blow the cowardly crowd that loafed about the throne at Madrid
 The incident served to alarm him. 'The Bourbons will never let me alone he said. He had removed one branch from the throne of Naples and now he determined to remove the only other reigning branch from the throne of Spain. His own family he determined should take the place of the Bourbons in the monarchial world and. like them, the Bonapartes should possess all the crown of Latin Europe.
 Taking advantage of the Fortugese situation, he contrived to gain a firm foothold on Spanish soil Claiming and receiving the consent of Spain to dis patch his Portugese expedition across her territory. he returned the favor by comforting on the King of Spain the empty title o8 Emperor of the two