davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-03-29
Aerial Line Over Niaga-a

From Engineering News.
 It looks aa if pasScn gers will soous be carried over the Niagara whlrlpoois in comfortably fitted cars soaring noiselessly on an aerial cable way to be built not by American nor Canadian enterprise. but by Spanish company. The concession was granted on November IT. 1913. by the Canadian government. The design and scheme of operation of the cableway will be similar to that of the system which connects the two mountain resorts on Mount uila. near San Sebastian. in Spain. and similar in purpose to the much bolder project which climbs the first stage Ga rise of i3i9 feot of the Wetterhorn ascent in the Berner oberland. Switzerland
 The whirlpool system will be constructed on a somewhat larger scale than that of Mount Uiia. The car on the latter had capacity of but l4 passengers. while tho former can transport 90 passengers at Q load. The termni of the line are about ITO feet apart. and are at the same eleva- tion--about f6) feet above the whirlpool. The car has been built in Bliboa Spain. and is there at the present time. It is believed that the actual construction work in Canada vill commence In March, 1914 The coss is estirlated at s12o,ooo
 The system in general will consist of one car d1awn back and forth across the whirlpool. travcl.nS on six one and one fourth inch cables and hauled by another. A set consisting of three cables is placed on each side of the car. Should one cable break the car would be carried by the other two.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-03-29
Improvements and Rents
BY BERNARD J. NEWMAN Executive Secretary, Philadelphia Housing Commission

upon their minds by a sense of injustice, are usually followed by higher rents. That this conclusion is wrong is indicated by a study of the effect of improvements upon rents made by the Philadelphia hous- ing commission.
 For two years the Philadelphia housing commission has been active in forcing the repair of defective properties. Some of the repairs were structural in char acter. Weak walls were strengthened or fire escapes were required. Others were of a sanitary nature, calling per- haps for the cleaning. filling and aban- doning of yard vaults and the installa- tion of water closets. Many were less expensive, consisting only of the laying os pipes and the placing of fixtures for additional water, or the repair of de- fective plumbing and leaky roofs
 The average rent was SIP. although the extremes ranged from $6 to $50 per month The average cost of the forced improvements amounted to about six months rent. In some of the smaller properties where assessments were lev ieu TOT street improvements dt tHe same time the total cost to the owner absorb ed a full years return. In other cases where the houses were let for 80 to $50 per month the cost of the changes aver aged $1O0 per house. As the houses were improved upon the complaint of the commission, it was possible for the in spectors to get accurate data covering the rents paid before and after the changes were made In all. EAO houss
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-03-29

ety. Of corse the Mexican air also plum fond of Texans but they casually admit tat they prefur dead Texans to enny uther kind, and if at enny time they can con tribute emly thing to hasten the demise of Texan they cheerfully do SO. With the usuel contimpt for Mexicans in genneril and tie Mexican Federal army in peticuler Texan citizen named Vergara crossed oyver tie Rivver and met squad of Mexi- can soldiers and freely expressed himself regarding them. While his exact language Was not taken down, theer being no stnog- rafer pressint, he probabully refurred to
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-03-29

charged as high or low according to their incomes and not according to what it pur- chases in conveniences that are con ducive to health and comfort A man may pay only S10 month for four rooms, and yet his dwelling place may actually cost him more than that of someone else who spends SIP for the same number of rooms. The first may get dwelling with poor drainage and an inadequate water supply, while the second may secure one with good drainage and ample water sup ply and a bathroom as well. The second pays the smaller rent. although in dol lars 1t seems larger. In reality the extra amount is a health and comfort insurance as well as an economic saving. It buys the things that help to ward off sickness, to keep the body strong and the mind alert. It helps to save the doctors and medicine bills and to produce greater working efficiency in both husband and wife. Actual rent. therefore, should be figured not merely through comparing dollar spent with dollar earned, but also through making the dollar spent afford protection against sickness and pain and other and greater losses.
 Do Improvements Make Rents Higher
 What is the effect of Improvements upon rents? It Is true that in many cases when a landlord has been required to make improvements rents do go up but 1t is not always true and it is seldom true unless there are number of other factors at work helping to produce this result. It is the popular opinion. how ever, that rents increase with improve ments. People recall from personal ex- perience cases which bear out this opin- ion. These few cases. perhaps, imprsssed
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-03-29

records were secured. For 1896 houses the rents did. not change. For 126 the increase varied from 50 cents to s1.0O. In each of 1S cases there was a decrease of s1.0o a month. The study thus showed that only SIS per cent of the houses had higher rents after Improvements were made. while 1.17 per cent had lower and so65 per cent remained unchanged.
 Factors Controlling Rents
 It would be wrong to suppose that forced improvements diu not affect rents at all. for the study shows a wide diff ference in the percentage of increase between properties in old and new areas. Information for 12ss houses was obtain ed by block canvass. Of these, 5O3 were in the new area and 76 were In the old. vet the percentage of increase for the former was 16.3 per cent while for the latter it was only 5.s per cent In the older area also, the percentage of de- creased rentals following Improvements was 1.9 per cent as entrusted with tri- flc over one-half of one per cent in the newer area.
 The investigation indicates that definite factors operate to control rents serve to check their increase. Principal among tllese are: First, the tendency of a neighborhood to work toward its max mum rental. which does not easily change after having been reached: and second. the supply of and demand for houses. The older neishborhood is, the stronger is the likelihood that it has reached its maximum rental condition and that this rental will remain station-
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-03-29

them as bunch of hoss theeves and cut tEroats and passed uther encomiums upon them. This peeved the bunch of ex-con- victs to such an extint that they ordured up fresh resurves and aftur corraling a hcle regiment they attacked sed Texan and killed him.
 Texas appealed to the State Depart mint, and Willum J. Bryan politely called the attension of the Mexican Guvvermint to the fact that Texas citizen was in theere midst and would they pleese return him if they weer not using him at this time, and expressing the hope that our
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-03-29

cordial relasion which has heeretoloui characterized all deeling between the two Repub.icks would continew to exist witE grate attenson to detail, and further hop ing that Mrs. Huerta and the children weer well aid happy, and trusting that if enny fllrst class Shatawker lectures weer needed in Mexico. that they would look ovver his stock before purchasing elsewhere, and signed himself, Respectfully and Cordially Yours to Command, etc. etc, William J.
 To this Pressidint Huerta in dew corse same being about sixty days answered in the most diplomatic and cordial turns
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-03-29

(Exclusive Service The Survey Press
 Home ownership in the United States is decreasing. This is largely due to the growth in the number of tenant farmers Outside of the farming class home own ership is increasing. But this increase may be only in name since the percent age of homes mortgaged has grown stead fly since 1890. Owing largely to the spread of building and loan associations. the mortgage holder Is slowly supplanting the landlord. There were, according to the census, 10,ss7,s95 rented homes in the United States in 1910. Problems concerned with the renting of a house are thus of considerable importance to approximately 50.OOo.000 tenants. allowing five to . home.
 What Does Rent Buy?
 To the vast majority of tenants the inn portant question seems to be the amount of rent. Few consider what the rent pur- chases, contenting themselves with the external appearance of the house. it's loca- ton, the number of rooms and how they are papered. Even some of these factors have little weight with many tenants. if only the rent is low. This feeling is so strong that the tenant will often bear with all sorts of inconveniences and dis repair, grumbling at times to the agent, but rarely asserting his right to have the house kept in good condition. He will put up with leaky roofs, damp walls. wet cellars or any one of a dozen other defects without protest. He fears that if he does protest, he will be told to move or else, insisting on having improve ments made. his rent will be increased
 Few tenants regard rent from the right point of view. They estimate the amount
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-03-29
Texas and Colql4itt
 in Mexican Crisis

H. sed tlA he was pleeasel to reVeeve thc communication rum his exsellensy regard ing the missing Texas citizen, and that sereh had been maid in evvery saloon in Mexico City and he could not be found. He sed further inquiry would be mald and he hoped by a year or two deVoslon to an estigasion to be abull to report to tI6s Gnvvermmt that Nergara had newer been in Mexico at all and if so, he was not Il eere now, and besides that they wouldn't know him if they saw him enny way, and tlasted that this expanasion would be sat tisfactory to his excellensy, and noted with pleasure that theere had been no resent ad- vanse in the prise of grape iuise. Pleese kiss vorr erate Pressidint for me and so on and so on.
 At this juncture the Colquitt persun crm to bat. Having inside infurmasion just wieeY the boddy of the Texas citizen had been biased, he gathured round him t!.e well-known Texas Rangurs and told them that so far as he was consumed that 1t was strictly against inturnasional law for them to cross the bordur, and they possiti1eiy must not do so, and besides that he farbade it. l shall not like it at all he sed if you go ovver tbeere and get Yer gara $ boddy and bring it back into Texas, and besides that you don't know wheere to go. but nm going to tell you-I think the best tine Cor you to go will be at midnight when it will be entirely necessary for you to pot onv a few Mexiealis while en route. However by no means must you do so, or commit cnny act that is against inter- nasional law, or that will disturb our friendly relasion with sistur republick Outside of that you can do asyoudampleese. but I an satisfied that Vergara's boddy will Dc here tomorrow morning.
 1hereupon the Rangurs laid aside the embarGo on armed Texans to Mexico and sllintly crossed ovver the river and got what they went aftur.
 Oi corse that spilled the beans. Diplolnasy was outraged and international law sal upon and maid to look foolish.
 Gnvvernor Colquitt, who they say wants 10 be United States Seniter and we air for him, but let that pass, immediately a,tur getting what he wanted turned back into furst class dipplomat. Sertainly my Ranglus newer crossed the bordur, he said, crossing both fingurs, and winking at the Lootennant Guvvernor. Nuthing has been dun by Us, he seys, to brake the piesint relasion existing between Texas and Mexico, he contlnewed making fases at his Secretary. We air verry fond of the NeXicans, sed he, and we wouldn't do nuthiuc that would hurt theere feelings unless we appollogized for it, he seys, so we cod!d do it again.
 Enny how offisialy the Rangers newer crossed ovver and invaded Mexico. Offsially no such thing evver happened, hut down in Texas in sircIes that ant so much olfsal they air still telling each utier how it was dun.
 Ear be it rum LIS to join the Gingoes and engage in enny lowd yelps urging the ringing of the well-known Tocksin of War. but sum how or uther we cant help being strong for Texas, and candidly admitting that we like theere style of dippomasy furst rate. Yours trooly,
 BILL VINES.
 Washington, D. C.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-03-29

from chrysalidal state to full matltrity, and the actor went on his way rejoicing. But they were strenuous times in the Day apartments
 Arbuckle is supposed to he a sideshow barker, and, while Day furnished the dia- log. the actor at all times gave counsel as to stage business' ard the kind of stuff he felt sure he could put across" the footlights. Arbuckle is a great be- liever in realism in art-stage art. any way, and he certainly threw himself heart and soul into those imprornptu rehearsals in the little den, And his voice is IS TO- bust as his physique. With the windows open, some strange and wonderful sounds foated out into the apartment house court.
 Step right this way. ladies and gentle mem We make no claims that we cannot substantiatei We have 'em right from the wilds of Africa. All that Colonel Roose- welt left you will find In this great intel lectual uplifting, moral side show" Aside to Holman Day: Now. Holman. l am supposed to step behind the curtain, and let em know the animals are here. How's this?'' Roars with all his stentorian voice. like a Hon. screeches like a hyena, snarls like bear brays like Tasma nian devil, grunts like wart hog, howis like gray wolf, barks like dog-faced boy. and so on, through the whole list of known and unknown side show wild animals.
 Another day or two of that and Mac lyn would have had me doing it, too" remarked the author reminiscently. .1t is going to take me weeks to live this down in this apartment house Notwlthstand- ing the explanations Mrs. Day made, 1 can tell by the looks of the people as I pass them on the stairs that they don't believe her. l have about reached the conclusion that they all think Day and his actor friend was having the delrium tremens. that's what they was havins,'
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-03-29
With Holman Day in Vaudeville

Holman Dal, the Maine author, has a particularly happy disposition, which en- ables him to see the humorous in many incidents which to the average person might appear commonplace. This appre- ciation of the sunny side of life lends a great charm ito his writings. says the Popular Magazine.
 Maelyn Arbucke. the actor. Is great friend of Holman Days. and last fall when in need of rush sketch for short vaudeville engagement before his regular road tour. hurried to Portland. There. after an impassioned appeal. he succeeded in prevailing upon Day to lay aside his story writing. and get him up the sketch. Days workshop is cozy den In fine suite at fashionable apartment house. which he and Mrs. Day occupy. There in three days. that vaudeville skit grew
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-03-29

ary even after Improvements unless the number of occupants per house becomes greater. The foregoing figures would seem to indicate this. Moreover, the majority of houses in our cities are held as investments or for speculation. Few are privately owned. This creates a large competing class among tenants but it also creates d large competing class among owners. When the supply of houses exceeds the demand. as 1t does in Philadelphia by over 2o,O0o houses, the competition among tenants is reduced while that among owners for tenants is increased Under such a condition the tenant. to the extent that he is willing to move when dissatisfied, controls the situation.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-03-29
| M IS9|

II
 k1v1 question is perplexing the State ys&Y Departmint, all rite and is cawsing Pressidint Wilsun to lay awake mites and wurry moor perhaps than he does about the rapiddity with which he is accummu- l;.ting n-in-laws; it is creating grate ap- prehersien in Congriss and menny of our o1ate statesmen veew the situasion with much alarm, and would veew it with much moor if they wer'n't past the age when one is supposed to go out and get shot for his country, but it don't bother Guvvernor Colquitt of Texas to enny alarming extint. Grvvelnor Colquitt used to wurry sum about the Mexican situasion, until he got kinder peeved and nervus about 1t, and cents tlat time the Mexican situasion has been w,lrrying sum about Guvvernor Col quitt.
 Texas is a large state of excitement which bordurs along the Rio Grandee Rivvur until it's mind changes; Texas is sellebrated for raising cottun, cattle, cow boys, COW girls i-prohibsionists, and tho uther kind, wheet, corn, red-licker, Bob Henefy. and h-l.
 Mexico may be abull to fool the rest of the entire country, not to say the sivvil-
 
 enny thing ovver on Texas; Texas is on. In Texas eimy thing that looks like Mexi- cHn is Il bad life insurranse risk; Texas used to be dangurus phase in which to tarry, becawse of the desperit Mexican caracti1rs and genneril bad men, but the justly celebrated Texas Rangurs, and the cowboys backed by the State adminnistra- sion b@s maid Texas so safe that the com nlunest man can now get out and ern a livving without dangur of being hung for it. unless he gets too industryus and borrys snm naybors hoss, while the community is rapt in sleep. They have way of discur- raging violasions of the law in Texas that is verry effective and permanint. In uther States when man steels hoss, theer is a. long and tedius tryaf and it gets in the news papurs and the grate publissity is ' embarrassing to his relatives. In Texas, it is different. Out theere with dew con- siderasion for the delicate feelings of the offendurs kin-folks they quietly give him through ticket to the New Gerusalem. and points South, and turn his remains ovver to his bereeved fammily. All this is dun without the aid of enny of Texas justly celebrated lawyurs, and the em- ! pannclling of petty jury, composed of farmurs during bizzy crop seesun It is less expensive to the county and saves ware and tare on one's nurves.. Of corse in sum- sectsions 1t is considured pretty tuff 'on the absent minded pursun who took the boss, but that is detail that Texans fail to attach much importince to.
 The Rnmpus going on across the bor- dn1 iii Mexico and the tales of murdur of 1, Americans and all kinds of attrossites that drift i1to Texas, has not increased the pop ularrity of the average Mexican in Texas 1t the verry highth of friendly relasions with Texas and Mexico, Mexican in Texas is abont IS populer as the incum tax on Wall Street. So with the present pleasint /. relasion existing a Mexican in Texas gets about as nnch consideration as a terantuler who has intruded himself into polite sosi
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-03-29

And l don't know as you can blame them much 1 hope the sketch goes. Arbuekle can certainly initiate wild aninalsr'
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1914-01-01

MAYEND STRIKE
The CALUMET COPPER MINERS
THROUGH STATE LABOR UN.
ION LEADERS WILL SUB.
NIT PLAN TO GOV
ERNOr.
ERN0Ts

LANSING. Mich. Jan. L. Repre-
SrntativcS Of state labor unions we:v
still working today on a plan where
by they hoped to adjust settlement
Of til" strike In the copper region.
After long session they failed to
complete a draft of the scheme which
they want Gov. Ferris To present to
President Shaw Of the Calumet and
ilecla Mining Co.
l'y going over the heads Of Jumcs
IcNaughton. general manager Of the
Calumet and lTecla. who has refused
To deal with them and making their
appeal to the head OF the largest pro-
Queer Involved In the labor war the
uniOniStS hoped TO induce the cm-
plOyers To submit the differences 10
arbitration. 1t was expected the la
bor men would present their plans
to the governor some time today
while Gov. Ferris was aware In 4
general way Of the nature Of the pla =.
10 be laid before him. Ire declined 10
forecast his action until he had care
fully considered thu document.
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1914-01-01
WOUNDED GR0ANI
IN AGONYON.TR
battlefield f
FIGHTING CONTINUES ALL
NIGHT AT 0JINAGA-5O0
FEDERALSg KILLED.
WITH SHATTERED LINES GRIP.
Piled SOLDIERS STRUGGLE
TO ESCAPE.
A MEXICAN OFFICER ON BoR.
DER LENDS AID TO INJURED,
SOME RETURN.

PERSlDlo. Texas, Jan. f1.aThci
battle at ojinaga, Mexico, between
the northern division Of the FedersI
army aud rebels continued this
morning after having been IN pro
grcss all nlght. Over 500 Federais
have already been killed and the
wounded sisill be, far in excess OF
that number. Horrifying sights
were witnessed from the American
side of the river. The wounded
soldiers with arms. legs shot on and
injuries that later proved fatal,
struggled through the river and
pleaded to he American soldiers,
for help. All the physicians and
medical supplies available here were
placed at the service of the disabled
Fedcrals.
Before day light more than 800
wounded had sought relief on this
side. Some of these were 50 badly
injured that they begged American
soldiers TO kill them. From the
war sieecd little village OF ojinaga
back u mile from the river there
came what appeared to ibe tan end
less tide of wounded. The fsht on
the border hereihad the appearance
OF being the most sansuinary con-
fiict OF the present revolution. Fed
erai deserters also came to the riy-
er in great numbers Indicating that
the bulk OF Huerta's army. was dis
posed to- give up. Allthe deserters
aSttss sesere dainynred were dtsasmed
and sent back sby Major McNamee
commanding the Egs g. border and
patrol: Major McNamee has more
than 800 guns which he took from
deserters During the night the
groaning of the wounded on the
fcontrnec or: rage EighL)
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1914-01-01
/ | H lid n
FAVOR 8HR DAY
BETTER FOR lvgRETS AND THE
! PEACE OF MIND OF EMPLOY
ERS, SAY SEC'Y DEPT.
\ COMMERCE.

= WASHINGTON, d. C., Jan. /. -
Secretary Relfeld Of the Department.
CT Commerce today expressed the he
lief that Il would be far better for
the pockets as well US the peace of
mind OF employers" II they would
work their men, only eight hours Il
sday. lie was Speaking before lh,'
american Association for Labor Lrp.
sislation. which is meeting here witt,
the American Political Science Assu.
citation.
81 believe" said the sccrctpry.
,"that when our factories are run 50
that the workmen go home withuu;
Icing fatiSucd from ovcr-lonE hours
and not till then. will we be able Ia
7compote successfully against all cum
trs In the markets Of the world"
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1914-01-01
ROBS AGENT, ENTERS
PEN is HOURS LATER
HoLDUp MAN is CAPTURED TRIED ON FIVE COUNTS, AND
GIVEN FIVE YEARS.

other over his hctrt. lac said: "Do
you know me-"
When John answered in Ihc mega
tive McCollum said: We'll. you
won't either. fur lm'gulng To Kill
YOU"
With quick movement. John
swung his arms downward and kit
McCollum on the head with his fist.
stunning him. John knClt on Me-
Cnllum'S shoulders. the latter being
face downward. and held his arms
81 that he could not shoot. John
called for help and William Mar
shall and Arthur DItty went to his
rescue. The three held McCullum
until the police arrived and arrest
cd McCullum.
At l O'Clock this afternoon Nc
Collum pleaded guilty TO the five
charges made against him before
Judge j. IL. Painter. In passing
sentence. Judge Pointer told Me
Cullum that. the mhximum for the
charges Is 80 yeas. but that as Me-
collum had con iesscd. he was leni-
ent.
Constable TH9mas Woods left Kit
tanning on the 1850 o'clock train
this afternoG6 for Pittsburgh and
at O'Clock, this evening Mccollum
had LSgun Serving his sentence,