davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-02-08

fConvright. 1913, by Curtis BroWn.)
~T. PETERSBURG, February Z.
TWO hundred Russian "heretlcs'
~ who have in different ways IN
o,,rrad the suspicion of the orthodox
church. are languishing III tho ouN
seons of - monasteries scattered over
the Cars European province anu "i-
herta After the Beiliss case thls me-
aioaval fact causes some Russians no
sunrise; but other Russians imagined
that the last monastery prisons were
abolished eight years ago on the out-
break of the revolution. In laeV
.heretics." male and female, are sun
being sent without trial or inquiry
and as a rule for life. to monasteries
and to women's converts where they
live in worse conditions than OBTAIN III
the convict transport prisons OF the
Siberian "etapes'
All that was done in the revolution
was to withdraw in some cases tne
military guards; and to put the prls-
c1ers under the far less indulgent con-
troll of fanatical monks. Kuropatkln'
when minister of war, started the re-
form by withdrawing the sololer
guards from the great monastery
prison of Solovetsk on the White sea-
and after this the soldier guards were
withdrawn from Vladimir-Souzdal, the
most famous of all the monasteries
which have jails for heretics. Instead
of being Imprisoned" 1t was an
nounced, heretics would simply be "eX-
lied" to the monasteries This for a
time was done. The "eXiles" stayed
a short time at the monasteries IN
relative freedom (being locked up only
at night and then were mostly thrown
into cells. Very few of the eXiled he
retics who sinned against the church
since 1905 have again seen the light
of day. Thus, the abolition" of i'm
orisopment in monasteries and in con-
vents as punishment for heresy went
the way of all the other reforms.
OF late the jailing of heretics in mon
asteries has been going on openly. On
denunciation by church spies, the he
1etics. mostly priests suspected of dis
sent, are seized by the police at night
spirited away to a remote monastery
and put under lock and key And just
as in the reign of Catherine ii when
q priest named Pimenoff was incarce-
rated in Solovetsk monastery for 81
years, during which he never spoke
a word so nowadays heretics are dis
appearing. and never being heard oi
again.
Some startling facts have been
brought to light by the deputy of the
fourth Duma, Verehinin. a Siberian
and a member of the labor party. Yer
shinin discovered that a Souzdal mon
astery of Spaso- efimieff an ex-priesl
named Kuzmin has been kept in dun
geon for a dozen years. Vershinin
wants to get a Duma commission to
go to Souzdal. and elucidate the facts
about Kuzmin, and several other he
Ietics who have lately been interned
there.
Souzdal is a small. historic town In the
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-02-08

The system of imprisoning heretics in
monasteries has been going on for 800
years The pubicist, A. S. Prugavin, has
published a book about it. He examined
the recent records of Souzdal, Solovetsh.
and the other monasteries which are used
as jails. Prugavin succeeded in getting
into the Souzdal bastille, and he got hold
of numerous monastery documents which
throw a queer light on the system. One
document is a list of captives, showing
why they are in prison In few cases
this is stated merely as ''by imperial
order" owing to immoral life." and for
irregular conduct In most cases the
cause is stated as "for harbor.ng thoughts
contrary TO orthodoxy "for irregular
thoughts contrary to church doctrine,
.'for spreading heretical views among the
peasants" The term of Imprisonment is
nearly always until repentance" Re
pentance seldom takes place, most
of the heretics are fervent, sincere men.
who stick stoutly to their views. Also,
the monastery chiefs or "nastoyatel,' .
have an interest in prolonging the term
of imprisonment. The more prisoners a
gains in the synod's eyes. The reports
of the "nastoyater' of souzdal on the
captives' conduct, as printed by Prugavin.
show this tendency. If the hereto is
obdurate of course he cannot be released,
and If he is not obdurate he is described
as dangerously cunning or "hypocrit-
ically repentant and, therefore, also
must not be released. This system mas
kept men in monastery jails for 10, y
and even In one recent case for mora
than so years But the majority Of cap
tives do not live long; or if they do live
long they go insane and are beyond re-
lease.
The death of a hereto prisoner causes
much trouble to the jailer-monks- The
followers of the more popular heresiarchs
have long memories. and wait fathfully
for their heros death. When Father Vas
ilieff, the Siberian sect leader, died in
his monastery Jail in 1902, one of his ia :
natical followers revenged the martyrdom
by killing a monk-jailer and then killing
himself. Vasilieff had been Il years in
Z. a monas stery casemate Such troubles are
now avoided by concealing even from
having secret funeral. At Souzdal dea d
prisoners are buried in the monastery
garden. and their graves are carefully
leveled and planted with grass, SO that
no followers may locate them. All these
prisoners are registered merely as ''ex-
iles." de jure.' monastery Imprisonment
does not exist. 1t exists only in fact.
Women heretics. also merely as Eek
iles,'' are just now being sent to con-
vents. There are prisons for women at
the two Souzdal converts, the Risopoloz-
henzky and the Pokrovsky. The Pokrov-
sky prison has held for years. under
the name Nun Marya,'' the suspect her.
etc, Nastasya Kuzminitchna Schuvin OF
Samara. Schuvin made herself famous in
her native province by good works, and
she founded convent known as THE
Rakovsky." The church got suspicious
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-02-08

The late NJ. Pobiedonostseff professed to
believe that Nastasya had Joined for
hidden sect, the "Khlusts." She was kid
naped at night, brought without any trial'
to Polrovsky monastery prison and
thrown into cell. Women are impris-
oned also in the Convent or Dalmaton-
VedenslSi in Perm province; in kashink
convent in Tver, and in two converts sit
uated at Irkutsk and Yeneseisk, both in
Siberia
Some years ago the assistant superior
of monastery made love to the nun.
Olga Pashkoff, who was imprisoned as
hereto at the IrEutsk convent. \ drama
resulted in which the nun Olga was MUIR
dered. This scandal led to the release of
two other women prisoners who had been
seized five years before in their homes
at MinslI in European Russia; and sent
to Irkutsk many thousands miles away.
Neither of these women knew in what
way they had sinned against the church.
Altogether since the middle of the nine
teentn century about 700 heretieal women
have been imprisoned in different con-
vents. The regime N the convent prisons
is quite as severe as in the monastery
prisons, and a large proportion of the
women victims have gone mad.
The tendency during the last few years
of reaction has been to reintroduce the
prison system with all its old rigor At
tempts made during the Third Duma to
bring up the question failed. The church
party in the present Duma, with the
Black Hundred bishop, Nixon Of
Volynsk. at the head, strongly approves
of sending heretics 10 Jail Nixon sghs
for the old days when the Solovetsk mon
asterv prison consisted of a row of holes
dug in the frozen ground rooted with
planks heaped up with earth. In these
were thrown the heretics after they had
been manacled hands and feet The view
of Bishou Nixon is that ''in the days when
the monastery prisons We're full, Russ
was emptier of antichrsts.''
The bishop is in fLyor OF passing law
giving the church the formal right to
imprison for heresy. That. he said. would
remove the chief argument of the liberals
who point out that the present monastery
imprisonments are in violation of the law.
The liberal parties demand that all VIC
tins. whether exiles or prisoners. be re-
leased Probably neither side will get
it's way, but Nikons demand is more
likely to be realized than his oppe@s-.!&
1.-The Beiliss spirit" as Professor M.--,.-
koff calls it. is abroad and pose of
fanaticism against 'heretics' is just now
very popular among the courtiers Of
Nichols II.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-02-08
Harvesting ivory nuts for American buttons

story of the great black plague in Lon
don of 1866 and 1866, and 1t is the same as
by certain Asatic ships that called here.
The people were warned of their danger
by DIR. J. B. Lloyd, the American health
officer who was then stationed in Ecua-
dor, and for a time he was allowed to
try to control it. Later on he was re-
pudiated by the Ecuadorian government
and DIR. w. NJ. Wightman was sent in his
place. DR. Wightman took the yellow
fever and died here. That was in 1909
At that time Colonel Gorgas was much
alarmed at the danger Of the pest getting
foothold on the isthmus, and in order
to keep it out of Colon he had more
than a half million dollars worth of
small houses, that were said to be in
Tested with rats, burned to the ground
The danger of yellow fever getting into
Panama through Guayaquil is a serious
one, and this. disease, also, will have to
be wiped out before Americans will be
safe in allowing our ships to come herd
or for travellers to go through the canal
after leaving Ecuador. Already several
Americans have died in Guayaquil and
there are new cases now every day. 1t
is not safe for any American to settle in
Guayaquil to do business in it's present
condition You will remember that
Thomas Mast, the famous cartoonist, was
dppulIlteu COllSul mere anu HOW lie CdIio
to his grave. He died of yellow fever. L
have spoken of the death of DR.. Wight
man. He was supposed to be a yellow
fever immune A third prominent case
is that of Maj. John A. Harman, the eng.
ineer who built the railway over the
Andes from Guayaqul to Quito, and a
fourth is that of Commander Bertolette
of our gunboat Yorktown, who died only
a short time ago.
The yellow fever comes from a kind
OF a mosquito that can carry it only
after biting a yellow fever patient.
After the mosquito bites human be-
ing afflicted with the fever it gets the
yellow fever itself; and 1t can then in
ject the yellow fever bacilli into your
system If it bites you. / had good
chance to study this disease during the
great epidemic at Panama in 1905. That
epidemic came from Guayaquil, and it
killed some of the officials who We're
working on the canal. | was at Pan
anna several weeks during it's height
and I frequently sat down to dinner
with man only to hear few days
laser that he had been bitten and, per-
haps a week later, that he was dead
One of the most pathetic cases was
that of young architect named John
son, who had charge of all the building
then going on in preparing for our
army of workmen. Mr.. Johnson was a
young man of about %. of great abil-
ity and of a lovable nature. He was
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-02-08
Ecuador's two most dangerous
mosquitoes

frame work is covered with stucco on
the outside, and plaster or boards on
the inside. II makes beautiful wall
to look at. but the rats can crawl in
side the walls and walk up the lath-
ing.
Many of the poorer houses are built
right on the ground. DR.. Perry says
that they should be lacked up and
placed on posts so high that the rats
could not jump to the first floor. He
says that the floors of the better class
houses should be of cement. and that
all houses should have cement founda-
tions, as the rats will burrow under
any ordinary floor.
As it is now according to DR.. Perry,
Guayaquil has rats everywhere and all
of its rats have fleas. The bubonic
plague is transmitted by these fleas bit
ing such rats as have the plague and
then going from them to men, women
or children. and biting them. a flea that
has bitten a sick rat will carry the
plague in its system for 10 or II days,
and if it bites you during that time the
plague bacilll will go into your blood.
They will multiply rapidly, and within
five or six days the chances are that
YOU will die in horrible pain.
I asked DR.. Perry what kind of rats
carry the plague. He replied. Almost
any kind but there are three which are
especially dangerous. One is the big
gray Norway rat, another is the gray
tree rat, which has a white belly, and
the third is a little black rat The black
rat is most common in Guayaqui1, and
the plague existing there comes from
it, The rats which catch the plague
often die; they will give the plague to
other rats and it sometimes becomes
epidemic among them, although they run
from it. If a rat dies of the plague in
a block or house, the uninfected rats of
that block seem to know it, and they
viii desert the block and go somewhere
else"
/ am afraid of the bubonic plague, and
| shall not stop in Ecuador on account
of it. l have seen a great deal of the
disease in China and India. About 20
years ago l visited Hongkong and Can
ton, when the people there were dying
at the rate of hundreds day, and where
there We're so many deaths that there
We're coffin associations by which coffins
We're given out in the way of charity.
During that plague 10000 coffins were
furnished by such associations
The plague in China came from the
rats, and it ragged in the densely built
warrens of the Chinese at Hongkong,
where it has since broken out again and
again. The English government there
is doing all that is possible to control
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-02-08
Hurrying Matters

From Tlt-BltS.
Everything was going smoothly, the pro-
gramme was an unusually long one and
the village schoolroom was packed to its
utmost capacity. In the course of the
concert a lady and gentleman appeared
to sing a duet.
Mrs. Flynn nudged her husband
Don't yez see, Patsy" she explained,
NOW that it's gettin' late in the evenin
they do be putin thin on two at time"
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-02-08

engaged to girl in Chicago and wrote
to her daily. During my stay we fire.
quently went out riding on horseback
together. along in the evening. through
the region known as the savannas.
and he told me how he expected to go
wife to the isthmus. That was in March.
l left Panama in April, and before the
end of the month l received the news
of young Johnsons death.
Another danger at Guayaquil is from
malaria fever, similar to that which
caused so many deaths on the isthmus
al the time of the building of the Pan
anna railroad. This, the Ecuadorans
call pernieiosa and it is known to the
Panamans as the Chagres fever. [
had a severe attack of it when l last
visited Guayaquil. Perniciosa comes
which is very different from that of
the stegomyia. which carries the yell
low fever. The anophele cannot give
you the yellow fever, and the stego-
inyia does not carry malaria. The
former will breed in almost any wet
place, but the latter is fond of rain
barrels and 1t does not like dirty water.
The anophele has its chief feeding
time at night, and for the most part
1t lives out of doors. The stegomyria
usually bites in the daytime. although
1t likes to keep out of the sun.
Neither of these mosquitoes is as big
as the New Jersey variety. nor half
a ferocious. DR.. Gorgas once told me
that there was about 200 different
kinds of mosquitoes in the world and
that they cause many other diseases
than those / have mentioned There is
one that will carry the elephantiasis.
This is a little devil with a yellowish
body and six yellow bands around its
abdomen. 1t carries kind of bacilli
that forms worms in your blood. They
make your legs swell and sometimes
cause death.
DIR, Perry says the only way that yell
low fever can be permanently wiped out
of Guayaqui is by cutting down the
vegetation, cleaning up the garbage, COW
ering the rain barrels. putting oil upon
bitches and enarging the water supply.
The city now has good water, but the
volume is not sufficient, and the water
is allowed to be drawn only a certain
part of each day. For this reason many
families have storage tanks, which they
fill while the water is running. The
tanks are often uncovered, and are great
mosquito breeders. Moreover much of
the water is kept in open barrels, and
the garbage is left in uncovered cans or
in open boxes until taken away. Later
it Is loaded upon a street car, made for
the purpose, and thus carried out to the
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-02-08
His Specially

From the Philadelphia Public Ledger.
Il hear the Rev. Longhold is a faith
healer, and l am thinking of attending
his church. Do you think he can cure
my rheumatism? asked an old lady of
her friend.
We'll" he replied, II can recommend
him for insomnia
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-02-08

it, but the city will have to be rebuilt
to make it absolutely safe; and, as Dr.
Perry says, the same condition obtains
here
1t would be terrible if this plague should
be brought through the canal to New
Orleans, New York or Boston. 1t is won
derfully catching, although it can be
transmitted only by fleas and by rats
Nevertheless, it ragged throughout Eu-
hope again and again in the years be-
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-02-08

tween the sixth and eighteenth centuries,
that which ravaged Europe during the
fourteenth century. Those two plaques
are said to have come from China. The
plague in Guayaquil was not known un-
til about 1908, when it was brought in
some claim. from Paita, Peru, and others
and II is said to have caused more deaths
than any other epidemic that has popu-
lated human graveyards. 1t was this
pest that Daniel De Foe described in his
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-02-08

1t is also said that the business here Isl
in the hands of a few wealthy radcrs'
who would prefer to keep Guayaquil as t|
to foreigners who may compete With
them. / doubt this, although | have heard.
the charge made many times. Politics.
also enters into the question, and like
wise the rivalry between Quito and.
Guayaquil as to who shall have charge
of the funds to be used In improving the
city and country.
At present most of the exports of Ecua-
dor come from the lowlands. They con-
sist of tropical products. but there are
great pasture fields in the Andes and on|
the slopes toward the Amazon are other
vast tracts that are fitted for coffee.
sugar cane and cacao. Just now a road
is being built to connect the town OF
Ambato, which lies on the plateau. with
the Curaray river. This new road will
run for about 100 miles through the Am
bato river valley, and will then be joined
to one of the nayigable tributaries of the
Amazon system It will open up a RICH
mining country, and a farming region sol
rich that it is said that 1t will support
millions of people, The streams of the
country are those which gave much OF
the gold of the Incas; and am told that
the Indians are still washing gold out of
their sands. The region is known as the
Oriente of Ecuador It is inhabited al
most altogether by savages, but white
men can live in it, and 1t will soon be
thrown open to immigrants
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-02-08

crenatory or incinerator The covering
OF the garbage cans would take away a
great deal of the rat food, and the elm
lnauoh OF the rain barrels and tanks will
DO much to wipe out the mosquitoes.
first visited Guayaquil IS years ago.
II was then a town of 10000 inha ahitants
IL mas now from $1,000 to 100000 and ha
greatly improved. The streets have beenl
wldened, and many of the new buiIdingsl
are tlne. They are of two stories, covered
with stucco and painted all the colors
OF the rainbow. Many of them have ball
comics which reach out over the street
and not a few have galleries along the.
second story. The town has large stores
fiiled with fine goods and great ware
houses containing bags of cacao, coffee|
and sugar awaiting shipment. It has AM
electric street car line and electric lights
both of which have been introduced sincel
/ was there. 1t has a theatre and several
moving picture shows, and altogether it
is becoming quite modernized and up-to-
date
Guayaquil has several large banks that
pay big dividends, and sugar mills, rice
factories and coffee hullers. 1t has ca
bles which connect it with all parts of the.
world, and a system of telephones, with
long distance connections to Quito. which
is situated in the Andes about 300 miles.
away. The railroad to Quito belongs to
Americans, and was built by them, but
Ecuador will soon have other railroads.
built by French, English and the natives.
One road is planned to connect Guayaquil'
with the oil fields at st. Helena and
another is projected that is to go from
the port of Bahai de Caraquez to Quito
The city has also a network of water
transportation. The Guayas river sys-
tenn is navigated in the rainy season by
boats like those ON the Ohio and Missis 4
sippi and they can then travel as far AS
80 miles inland. They go to the vil-
lagos and plantations, and bring out
cacao. ivory nuts, sugar, coffee and rub
ber. Cacao and ivory nuts are the chief
exports The country furnishes about
hall the chocolate beans consumed by
the world, and the buttons from its ivory
nuts uphold the plantations of the nations
I am told that nne-tenths of all the for
eign commerce of Ecuador passes through
eiuayaquil.
The Meeker herald. [volume] (Meeker, Colo.) 1885-current, 1914-09-26
900 Reward, 800

The readers Of this paper will be pleased to
learn that there h at least one dreaded disease
that science has been able TO cure In all its
stares. and that 10 Catarrh. Halls Catarrh Cure
u the only positive cure now known to the
medical fraternity. Catarrh being constitai-
tiouai disease. requires . constitutional treat
ment- Halls Catarrh Cure IL taken internally,
acting directly upon the blood and mucous
surfaces Of the system. thereby destroying the
foundation Of the disease. and giving the pa
tent strength by building up the constitution
and assisting nature in doing its work. The
proprtetOrs have DO much faith In its curative
powers that they offer One Hundred Dollars
for any case that It fails to cure. Send for list
Of testimonials.
Address F. J. CHENEY & CO., Toledo, O.
Sold BY all druggists, Tic.
Take Halls Family Pills for constipation.
The Meeker herald. [volume] (Meeker, Colo.) 1885-current, 1914-09-26
COMING AND GOING

r. Harper Of the Park, was on our
boulevards Saturday.
H. A. Warner of Rosedale, WAS q
town visitor Tuesday.
Mrs. c. II. Wolcott was. guest at
the Meeker, Thursday.
A. J. Denton Of lower White, was
town visitor Wednesday.
Mr.. and Mrs. O. II. Lunney of Oak
ridge park, visited town friends mid
week.
Walter Fairfax Of Rangely, mingled
with the town people early part Of
the week.
Hugh and Mrs. Jones were down
from Buford to attend the funeral Of
Mrs. Howey.
Mrs. William Laidlaw and little
daughter arrived from their eastern
homo Sunday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Telford of lower
White, visited Mr.. and Mrs. Shuman
In town this week.
Among the Oakridge park people
people In town midweek were VIM.
Winslow, Sanford Green, and Mr..
johnson.
J. A. Tan, the oil expert, arrived
from San Francisco. Sunday. Mr..
Tan will supervise the setting Of the
plant ut White River City.
The Meeker herald. [volume] (Meeker, Colo.) 1885-current, 1914-09-26
The Womans' Club

The next meeting Of the Womans'
club will be on Saturday, October B
1914. The program will be ~ fol-
lows:
The present war conditions. Ger
many.
Roll call. Current events. pertain
ing TO the war.
Paper, "why 10 Europe At War;
Mrs. LAGRANGE.
Informal discussion, led by Mrs.
Garrison, Mrs. Sheridan and Mrs,
JoHantgen.
Paper, ''Sketch Of the Life Of the
German Emperor" Mrs. Of1srls.
Selection from German suthors.
Eva Skinner.
The Meeker herald. [volume] (Meeker, Colo.) 1885-current, 1914-09-26

We had to square" ourselves this
week with Grandpa and Mrs. WILDER,
and Great Grandpa John A. Watson.
Last week we announced tho arrival
1t the Billy Spatsf home In Montana,
of . girl. It should have been . IL
pound boy. Bnt Billy 10 to blame.
He should have sent The Herald .
direct message, and should not have
left an important matter like this to
tho neighbors, who got tho wires
crossed.