davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1914-04-22
sToRY OF LAST WAR WITH /,
y 49, MEYICA .fAlO3 Nal

Dispute soyergthe Texan boundary
line plunged the United States and
Mexico into the; two years war of
1913.
The war cost tile United States
in lives 2,,703 men, including 3S3
officers; in money $4,000 900.
It cost Mexico 1000 men. killed
and wounded, and $3.50 prisoners
OF war.
The United States sent 81 500 reg
ular and h22,O27 volunteers into the
Yalleysof Mexico.
Congress declared war May '1S.
1916. The Mexican forces eyacuat-
ed the City of Mexico September IA,
1s47.
The treaty OF peace. signed Feb
ruarys2 1s4S, was proclaimed July
4. 1913. The treaty fixed the Rio
Grande river as 1.-The international
boundary line between. Mexico and
the United States. ~
The relations between the United
States and Mexico, strained by the
American recognition OF. Texan in.
dependence in 1897 and futrehr
strained by the annexation of Texas
by the United States in 1916, came
TO the breaking point when General
Zachray Taylor, witha force or.3, 900
men invaded on March 12, 1876, the
territory between the Nucccs and the
Rio Grande rivers, which were the
disputed American Mexican boundary
lines. The Mexicans. Immediately
took the defensive and General Am
pudia met Taylor's army April 25.
May 10 Congress declared war. (,
In February, 1S47, General Win
field Scott. veteran of the war, OF
1872. succeeded Taylor at the head
OF the army in Mexico. March 8,
lS47, he landed a force OF 10000
men ut Vera Cruz. Twenty days
later the! city surrendered. The bat
ties of cerro Gordo, Puebla and
Gontreras and other engagements
led the eomman der-in-chief of til,
United States forces to Mexico Cit,
and, with less than 5000 menu III
entered the national palace septcm,
ber ~. Theslfa Sof,Frelfab,iite bA{
ended tie Mexican war,
That war to6k9 from N sexi fi2aT aid iit
gaye % the United States, the. states
Of California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona
and parts Of New Mexico anda Col6;
rado. II also settled forever tho
annexing OF Texas to the union
Hampshire Review.
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1914-04-22

L WASHINGTON, D. c., April 22.-
The American Red Cross has $500
nurses enrolled and ready for>seryice
with the forces in Mexico. according
to q systematically by Miss Mabel
T. Boardman. Z
Miss Boardman said that meet
ing of the Red Cross was relief board
probably will be !, called by its chair
man. Surgeon General Gorgas, of the
army. sheradded that one of the first
moves in case OF war would be the
establishment Of reserve hospitals for
sick and wounded on the Gulf Attain
tic.and Pacific coast. Hospital ships
for the army and navy also are COM
templated. III y -.
The Red Cross expects to appeal to
chambers of commerce and civic cor.
carnations for support of its hos.
pitfalls and ships.
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1914-04-22

EAGLE PASS, Texas. Apr. %.
All federal forces have been ordered
by General Mas to concentrate at
South saltillo to repcll the American
invasion.
Last night when the people of
Paedros Ncgras learned that Amcri-
can marines had occupied Vera Cruz
a dozen recruiting offices were OPEN
cd and arms issued to volunteer COM
panies as fast as organized. More
than 10000 volunteers, 1t was said
enlisted during the evening.
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1914-04-22
President Grieysda ossfsLds eaIife
Rear Admiral Badger at Vera Cruz
By ASSOCIATED Press.

WASHINGTON, April e2.-Rear
Admiral Badger, commanding the
Atlantic feet officially reported to
the navy department today the ar
rival at Vera Cruz of his flagship the
Arkansas. along with the battleship
Vermont, New Jersey. New Hamp-
shire and South Carolina. The scout
cruiser Chester aid the San Fran
cisco have arrived in Vera Cruz from
Tampico. .ie
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1914-04-22
Vera Cruz Stormed.

" WAsHTNGToNss APR. 2H22:LThc
American, forces eommenssdFgn ,ad-
vance TO take the entire city OF Vera
Cruz at%eigllt ;o'Gloclt$ander Gdns of
the war vessels, according to n re-
port from Consul Canada, received at
the state department at ten this
morning.
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1914-04-22
-Four Thousand Nurses Are d
.. i: 6 Available For War Call

~ .''II ~" VIZ IT a IsNUE = v
conference the house. c9ncurred in
the senates substitute resolution
justifying the pres;dentin the use of
armored forces in Mexico There
was no debate anae his yiydisoce vote
was almost unanimous. The House
recessed at 1880 until alIpop to al
low timeIiyH TIN endqrsepfent of the
Mexican dissolution. lf*wifltbe signed
at that time by speaker Clark and
will then 80 immediately! to the
White Hogae:.:.'...s 9SaG ~: -. !.
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1914-04-22
WoMAN's WAY.
lFrom the Atchison Globe. ]

A woman istalmost as peculiar as
a man. She will break into, tears.
and the more she Is urged to cheer
up the more she will cry. But If
some one tells her to go ahead and
shed as many tears as she plcases she
will at once quit crying and speak
her mind.
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1914-04-22
could carry on their Municipal gov

could carry on their Municipal gov
Iernment as before and that sthe
United States merely would hold the
Custom house and patrol the city.
Admiral Badger has reported the
arrival at Vera Cruz of the Battle
ship Minnesota and naval transport.
Hancock with marines from. New
orleons. The ships had stopped az
Tampico and were ordered to pro-
coed to Vera Cruz. The Admiral re-
ported that he had plenty Of marines
to control the situation.
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1914-04-22
Red Cross Executive Committee
Meets Y

+ WASHINGTON, D., c., April 22.-
a meeting of the executive committee
of the American Red Cross was called
to be held late ltoday at the war de-.
rartment for the purpose of prcpar-
ing for emergency in Mexico.
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1914-04-22

TRINIDAD, COL. ~ Agreport at
the office'9of the Victor American
Fuel company fromfsuptA ,Snodgrass
said two men had been Killed in the
Dellagua' camp land that three
guards were. reported killed in the
hills above the canyon.
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1914-04-22
Wilr Bring Bodies to U. S.

WASHINGTON, d. c.. April ,22.z5I;
The navy department is arranging 10
bring to the United States the bodies
pf sailors or marines killed at Vera
Fruz and either forward them to rel
a tives or make final interment in a
ssgssry as,sR& fab5E de-
|6flthe dead will be borne by the Uni.
tied States.
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1914-04-22
No Communication With Mexico CITY

WASHlNGTUN, d. G., April 22.-
Consul Canada in dispatch to the
state department this afternoon said
that he had so far been unable to es-
tablish communication with q tho
American embassy at Mexico City.
He said aShouse TO house search
was being made through Vera Cruz
and many arrests of armed Mexicans
were being made. -
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1914-04-22
Mexican Minister Expects Passport

Mexican Minister Expects Passport.
BY ASSOCIATED Pass.
WASHINGTON, April 22.-Mexi-
can Charge Algara said at the En-
bassy today that he had received sew
eral messages from his government
which indicated that he might be
recalled at any time, but that he had
not yet been ordered to ask for his
passports. He looked for such an or
der to come at any time, he said.
Secretary Bryan denies that
Charge o'Shaughnessy has been ask.
cd by Huerta to leave Mexico.
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1914-04-22
President Signs Resolution.

. WASHINGTUN, April 22.ITho
President has signed the Mexican
resolution at EOS. Only his family
was present. 80 =
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1914-04-22
U. S. Has Plenty Of Money.

= TO ~ icy "'"''' = n
WASHINGTON. April 22.-Ma
jority leader underwood announced
today that he did not expect the
House toiact on any, bill appropriate
ing money for war purposes in Mex
icdat Stlfe ptesent time. eve hav,
plenty of.money now unless the Pres
dent? expects to march to Mexico
cityptsaidfAIr:s Underwood. '.As far
as,Isknow' thcfPresident has oisucl
Intention L. + W.
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1914-04-22
$50 Mexicans Killed.

( : WASHINGTON, Apr. 22.-Consul
Canada reported today to the state
department that $50 Mcxicans were
killed and wounded yesterday at
Vera Cruz.
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1914-04-22

Consul Canada's last dispatch,
which was filed at Vera Cruz carly
today, was given out at II a. M.
says:
Firing commenced at day break.
Ships now shelling southern part, of
city. Large force landed from Ad-
miral Badgers fleet before daylight.
Copies Of proclamation issued by
Rear Admiral Fletcher requesting at
once cooperation Of the mayor and
municipal authorities in restoring or
der have been distributed, but have
been unable as yet to get in COM
nunicatlon with these officials.
Major Buffers force OF marines from
Tampico are now ashore. Expect the
city will be quiet later; in morning.
Estimates of Mexicans killed and
wounded up to late last night APP
proximately $50. Battleships here,
Florida, Utah.. Arkansas, Vermont,
New Hampshire New Jersey, South
Carolina, Transport, Prairie and
Collier Orion. Transport Hancock
with marines reported due. Ameri-
can forces advanced s a. m. under
guns OF war vessels to take city.
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1914-04-22
FATHER HAS NO CHANCE.

fTomf thes Cincinnati Enquirer.)
The reason father hates to play
cards with mother Is. because II he
loseslhe loses and ifhe wins he loses.
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1914-04-22

WASHINGTON - Speaker Clark
signed tie joint resolution tustifying
the President In using armed forces
in Mexico at 1903 O'Clock.
In Rear Admiral Fletcher.s procla-
nation to the people of Vera Cruz,
he called upon them in the interests
of humanity to cooperate with him
IN restoring order He said they
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-02-06

4 camp m
hdb f ggn Mt Fhggngn ism CT Of farce w
fconvct ony en- is entirely ESPECIALLY % tn aean
criminals VIII ojuaE CHAT suchav weak punrhme
'nerh have ngy nycty HatFn the law has oene
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-02-06
% MORE BANKS
ALL OVER j. 8.
BOOST CITY
National institutions Include At
Ianta in Argument To Be Of
fered Reserve Board.

Twenty eight more national banks,
in all parts of the United States
not one of them in Georgia-sent in
to the regional bank committee in
Atlanta the news that they had chos-
en- this city as the site for the South
eastern reserve bank, in proposing TO
the National Organization Board their
ideas on the way in which the coun-
try should be districted
With the 81 received Thursday, a
total Of 65 national banks now have
informed the national committee of
their belief that Atlanta should be
selected for one of the regional re-
serve institutions.
Following are the banks, by States,
which have Endorsed Atlanta's
NEW YORK First National,
Bonneville Union. Schenectady;
Nichols, Nichols; Citizens, Poland:
First. Geneva; City. Watertown: Ma
tional Bank of New Berlin, New
Berlin; First National, Perry
NEW HAMPSHIRE Farmington
National, Pennington; Somersworth,
Somersworth.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-02-06

tered with one blow of the lash, We're
unfolded Friday morning by Charles
Davis, a negro, who served nine
months of d twelve-month sentence
in the BeIlwood and Miner convict
camps OF Fulton County.
Davis told also OF another convict,
Jonn James, being whipped every
morning for month, until he finally
became so weak and lame in his back
that he was taken TO the hospital
where he died in few days from the
effects Of the terrible beatings he
had received.
The tales told by Davis involve
Deputy Wardeus + c. Collier ana
Oscar F. Jones captains Of Miner and
Bellwood camps, respectively. as the
perpetrators Of he outrages. These
men have not heretofore been men
toned in connection with the investi-
cation.
Here IS Davis story:
II was released Just before Christ
mas, after / had served nine months
and sixteen days. | was whipped
four times during the time | was
there getting % lashes twice. ten
once and fifteen the fourth time, each
aogging being on my bare back.
II don't know yet why ! was
/ beaten.
Il went to Bellwood camp first,
where Captain Jones is in charge We
were put to work on the North ave-
nue. Improvement. and about the sec
ond month I was there, late one after
noon, the guard, John Robinson
cursed me and said ! didn't work hard
enough. ] worked as hard as l could,
and told him l was doing my best,
The next morning Captain Jones
whipped me twice. without making
any investigation or asking me what
I had done.
Given Twenty five Blows.
HE brought the blood, and he made
big welts on my body the first time
he whipped me | started to count
the lashes, but after | had received
eighteen or twenty l felt 50 weak
and the pain was so great | lost
count. Some of the men who saw
it said he gave me % ticks After
he whipped me, Captain Jones turned
away and | dragged myself to my
feet and started to put on my cloth
ing | hadn't finished when he came
back
Wait a minute, you black he
yelled, I'm no. through with you YETI
He made me take off my clothing
again eHt gave me len more i3Stie5
on my bare back.
when he brought down the lash
on me again the pain was more than
! could stand, and l put my hand be-
hind me and tried to protect my body
with the back of my hand. The heavy
whip struck it, and broke several of
the bones. | didn't know what was
the matter with my hand for several
days, until 1t began to swell up al
| most twice as large as it should have
been | finally found out it was
broken, and told the guard. He said
| 1t ought to have been broken, and
made me keep on working with it.
| They didn't let a doctor dress 1t for
| two or three days after told them
about it.
II was sent to the Miner camp then
| under Captain Collier. My hand was
| in bad shape, and l couldn't do as
J much work as some of the men who
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-02-06
Grand Jury Begins Probe
Of ROseIand Camp Abuses

Fresh tales Of intolerable cruelty in
Fulton County's convict camps had
been heard by the members of the
Grand Jury when Adjournment was
taken Friday afternoon. New wit
nesses will be summoned for the
hearing which will be resumed next
Tuesday morning at 10 o'clock.
New indictments were looked for
Friday on the stories told by six ne
gro convicts from the Roseland camp,
of which A. NJ Luck was the foreman
until his dismissal Thursday by the
County Board Of Commissioners
When ad iournment was taken, how
ever, no announcement was made of
any true bills.
Within a few minutes after Perry
Craig. one of the couVicts had ap-
peared before the jury end exhibited
welts and bruises from recent whip
pings aud sears from Older ones, So
licitor Dorsey was called into the
Grand Jury room presumably for the
purpose of deciding on the ACCESSIBILITY
of drawing up indictments against the
camp employees thought to be re
sponsible for the alleged cruelties
Prefers Dekalb Camps.
BY Dorsey Richardson, a negro,
serving a three months sentence at
the Roseland camp, the jurors ware
told that he much rather would serve
nineteen months in the 'tekalb Goun-
~ changing than three months IN
der Captain Luck.
Richardson. II appeared was me-
gro of ggide experience IN cha!ngang
service. He said that he had served
year in cobb County and nineteen
months with the men IN stripes In
DeKalb County Then he was sent to
Luc't's camp.
He told Friday Of the punishments
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-02-06

Observation-Disclosures B.r,
of Slatington, Slatington; Vandarh,l,.
First National, Ulster; First Nation
al, Hamburg
1NDIANA-Delphi
NEBRASKA-First National r,4
ca.
ILLlNols-state National, Bloom
ington.
Observation-Disclosures CITY ",
tional, Delaware City.
MICHIGAN-First National Ma.
shall; Hackley, Muskegon; Second
Saginaw. '''u'
lOWA-Ffrst, Malvern; Merchants
Ge6sr Rapids; First, Mason CITY N'''''
RHODE lSLAND-Ashawav Ash
away.
MISREPRESENTATION ADAM,
National, Naorth Adams; Hadley Fans
Holyoke; Leominster Leominster
First, Marlboro: Manufacturars
North Attleborough.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-02-06

TWO since last July, mostly for he
later. Tie said that he rad done al.
sorts of work. from sweeping about
the house and washing D shes 20 TAX
ing care Of 81 DouaiGsou's horse.
QUIZ Turns to Donaldson.
The Grand Jury investigation
Friday also turned toward Captain
Donaldson and his brother, 81, in re-
gard to their alleged use Of county
couvicts and supplies.
Captain Luck was asked about the
use Of AlonZo W1odson, a negro. who
WAS hostler for Captain Donaldson.
W II, Smith, for three years d guard
at Be.lwood, was asked about the de-
livery Of wagouoad OF feedstuffs -
the Donaldson home
". G. TowuleY. sixteen years
guard at Bellwood and employed there
now, was questioned along similar
lines The Grand Jury evidently was
determined to find out If there was
any criminal cuipabiity in the habit
various county officials HAD of using
county supplies
All the negroes in the waiting
room a Grand Jury headquarters
Friday morning denounced Guard Gus
SuttleS at Rosrland camp as cruel,
T'hey said both Suites and LUCK
were unmerciful in their treatment
Of them
one negro Perry Craig. said that
Suttles, in a fit of anger a few days
ago, struck him over the head with
a rock Craig also said Suttles would
report him 10 Captain Luck for no
reason at all and that Luck then
would whip him
FIosged Twice in Week.
caiG bapp n
camp for three weeks and has been
fiogged twice for alleged lazlness in
enc week
All the negroes but one named
Alonzo Woodson, said they would tell
the Grand Jury how they had been
tiogged on their naked flesh.
Craig said he could show long,
broad, unhealed scars on his back
where Captain Luck had whipped
him with the big leather strap stud
ded with brass rivets.
All the negroes said the food they
are given at Roseland is unfit to eat
They reiterated the stories of bad
food told by white convicts from
Adamsville
Luck Denies Charges.
The names of the negroes who Fri
day are testifying before the Grand
Jury are Perry Craig burglary;
Charles Edwards, shooting. Dorsey
Richardson, larceny Jim Owens,
fighting; Frank Rice. larceny. and
AlCnzo Woo lson. practicing medicine
without license
Captain Luck, who has been dis
charged for the employ of the coun-
ty denies that there is any truth in
the statements of the negroes He
Will tell his story to the jury.
indications that the Grand Jury at
| the close of its probe will be asked
| to recommend the adjustment Of the
! lash and stripes. and the hiring of
| intelligent and merciful men as
guards, are found in statements by
| Philip Weltner, secretary of the Geor-
| gia Prison Reform Association, at a
meeting of the Brotherhood Of st. An
drew of the Church of the Incarna-
ton. Thursday night, that more
crimes are committed against the
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-02-06

that We're melted out there He said
that he had seen the whipping of
Andrew Clark. who was given 80
laShCS for a most trivial infTaction OF
the rules. Clark ne said. was beaten
until he collapsed, and has been laid
up ever isnce having been transfer
red to the I3ellwood camp because of
his inability to work
John Cox. another negro convict.
was treated with even greater saw
ageIy, according to Richardson
Kicked and lashed.
They handcuffed his hands be
hind him" said the witness, Then
they bent him double and kept him
that way with a pickhandle. one Of
the guards kicked him over on the
ground and they began flashing him
Nearly every lick broke open the
skin. by the time they got through,
Cox was covered with blood and
bruises. He screamed and yelled for
mercy. but il seemed as though they
beat him all the harder.
out there they kick and curse you
il they think you are not doing enough
work, The guards are swearing at
the men all the time. | never have
been whipped in the short time |
nave been there, but | complained of
being sick one morning and the guard
swore at me and said that he would
see that ! got some medicine. He
meant the whipping strap.
Tells of Work for Donaldsons.
Convict Alonzo Woodson was ques-
toned by the Grand Jury as to work
that he had done at the home Of Cap
tain T. j Donaldson deposed super
intendent Of the Department Of Public
Works, and at the home of the cap
tain's brother, 81 Donaldson Wood
son said hat he had worked for the
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-02-06

were not injured although ! did all
that l could. They didn't think l did
enough, though, and Captain Collier
gave me IS lashes when a guard re-
ported ME. A few days later he gave
me Is ticks
I've seen dozens of men at Bell
wood and Miner camps whipped until
somebody would have to help them
to bed. I saw one body whipped so
hard he couldn't stand to have his
clothing rubbing against his body,
there were so many cuts and bruises
on il. remember another man, John
James VINO died last year from the
effects of the beatings he received,
The Guard Robinson used 10 have
James whipped almost every day, and
finally James back got lame and he
was taken to the hospital, where he
died"
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-02-06

The present abominable system"
said Mr. Weltner, "degrades both
guards and convicts into brutes. and
IS fundamentally wrong
The lash. the stripes and the chains
must go, and even though this would
mean additional guards the State is
well able 10 hire them on account
Of the free labor it gets from the con
yicts'
1t was intimated that Mr. Weltner
viii make a direct request that the
Grand Jury urge the adjustment of
the lash and the other things that
have made the torture of prisoners
a fine art in the county camps.
And n view of the attitude taken
by the Grand Jury in conducting its
probe. il is generally conceded that
The matter will be given much con-
sheraton.
Horrible as have been the tales of
oonVicts brought before the Grand
Jury, stories were told Thursday aft
ernoon and Friday morning of con-
ditions that are even worse
Weltner Denounces System.
Mr. Weltner, in his speech to the
Brotherhood Of st. Andrew at the
Church Of tho Incarnation, branded
as almost high treason the hiring by
the State Of Georgia of convict guards
and wardens who can not run a camp
without the lash. and denounced the
present penal system as one which
degrades into brutes both the prls-
oners ana their keepers. Mr. Welt
rer also brought to task the church
for not revolving against the horrible
conditions now existing in the Full
ton County camps
Tells of BrutaiitIes.
The speaker described the condi-
ton of few Of the oonvicts who
were brought before the Grand Jury,
how men were brutally beaten when
sick and how they were whipped un-
mercifully for missing the lick" in
their work He told of the death OF a
little daughter of one of the convicts.
Georgia murdered that little girl,
he said. She was sick. The State
sent her father to the changing for
eight months AMI took away her and
her mothers support The mother
was forced to work for IS per week
and leave her sick child. That was
murder"
! Mr. Weltner advocated the aboli-
tion Of the lash, stripes and chains
and the Hiring of intelligent men as
guards and wardens. He said that
the removal Of the chains from the
convicts would require more guards,
but that the State could well afford to
hire more on account of the free la
Dor
THE present abominable system,
concluded the speaker, (which de-
grades Doth convtcts and guards into
brutes, is fundamentally wrong. All
good citizens must arise and correct
It, Already there are more crimes
| committed against the criminals thar
| against the State"