Ceredo advance. [volume] (Ceredo, W. Va.) 1885-1939, 1914-10-14

tallilotion Is a common method EN-
pioyed by chemists TO obtain chemi
cally pure substances.
Doctor Cummings makes IL clear
that ice whether natural or artificial
may. ard sometimes does carry dis
ease. and that heat will destroy bac
terra much more readily than cold
nevertheless he shows that the freez
ing process operates powerfully to rem.
der Ice safe for human consumption.
This ice while freezing expels about 80
per cent OF the organisms living in it,
provided ii is surrounded enough
free water TO give these a place to 60
For this reason ice cut in shallow
ponds may be less wholesome .han
that taken from deep water
Freezing Kills Typhoid Germ
Again. freezing destroys a large per
centage OF typaoid bacilli. Sedgwick
and Winslow founs IN one experiment
that only Al per c. mt were alive II
minutes and % per cent six hours
after freezing. More important than
this even is the factor OF time. for
neither water nor ice is a suitable me
dunn for the multiplication of typhoid
bacilli. and there is a progressive de-
crease. So far as this element is
| concerned. it is manifest that natural
ice has the advantage of longer stor-
| age.
Edward Barlow, director OF the H.
linois state water survey, found in one
case with $4,000 bacteria in the raw
water, that there were but 1913 in the
ice; in another $40 were reduced TO 3
CTS to 6; 1,400 to % In every case
there was practically SO per sent re.
duction. Gas forming bacteria (Which
may indicate the presence of typhntd)
were also greatly reduced.
Ice From Polluted Water.
DR.. Hilbert w. Hill, director of cpl
technology for the Minnesota state
board of health. has told us OF ice
taken from rivers known to be pol.
luted which proved safe, and Doctor
Porter has shown the same thing to
be true of ice from the Hudson river.
DR.. Edwin o. Jordan, professor OF
bacteriology in the University of Chi
cago tested IS lakes. rivers and ponds
IN New England, and found on the av-
erage, the unfroZen water to contain
81 times as many bacteria as the
freshly formed ice. a reduction Of about
9S per cent. Regarding the effect of
storage, Professor Jordan says All
Investigators are now agreed that
three weeks after freezing less than /
| per cent remain alive"
Elaborate experiments conducted by
Prof. William T. Sedgwick OF tho
Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
! Prof. c. e. A. Winslow OF New York
and DR. w. II. Park of the New York
! city department OF health show that
only from TO 10 per cent of the bac.
terra in water are included in ice
frozen from it. and that OF these about
80 per cent 1894 per cent, according
to Sedgwick and Winslow and sc per
cent according to Park) die within a
week, and 1913 per cent die within
three weeks, so that only one-tenth
OF / per cent OF the original number
remain
Thus 1t is seen that three great
forces. capitalization, temperature
and time all work together to rid ice
OF the menace to health found in wa
ter. Doctor Cummings finds that ice
from pure water in clean factories
and natural ice cut from deep lakes
and stored under sanitary conditions
are equally safe. Any dirty or cloudy
Ice, he says, may be infected as we'll
as polluted, and should not be used
The greatest danger connected with
ice is improper handling. If ice is
! dragged across dirty streets and side
walks and distributed by dirty hands.
there is some danger from it.