davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1914-12-23
TRAGEDY Is ENACTED
IM HENDRICKS COUNTY
Farm Hand, Living Near Danviile. in
Jealous RAGE Shoots Rival in
Love Affair.

DANVILLE. Ind, Dec. 23.-Charles
CashdolIar. %. was shot TO death as
he was driving with Miss Ma el Nc
Cormick by Waiter Seward. n, a farm
hand.
Seward is in the county jail here.
lie is said % be "A raving maniac today
although he never gave any evidence
of insanity before. Jealousy. ID IS
said. inspired the tragedy. Miss Nc
COrmick viii not talk OF the alIair.
Cash0Ollar was an expert tree doc
tor and had been at work near Dan
Vile. His home was in Pennsylvania.
When Miss Mccormick ceased her at
tentions 20 seward and accepted the
attentions of CashCOllar, the rivals are
said To have clasned. When the g.rl
and CashdolIar. in the course OF their
drive, reached spot about two miles
and a half south OF GrlswOld. Seward
stepped from behind tree and open
ed fire with q shotgun. Seeing her
companion fan forward, Miss Nc
Cormick whipped up the horse and
drove 20 the home of Ell parneu 4
doctor was summoned but Cashdollar
died before his arrival.
Seward fled across fields two miles
10 another farmhouse where he told
OF the shooting and awaited the ar
rival of Sheriff Gentry. The only
statement ne would make was he had
not intended 20 kill his rival.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1914-12-23
BRING EIGHT TRUNKS
Prince and Princess WrOspigliosi Ar
rive in Cincinnati.

CINCINNATI. O.. Dec. 23.-The
Prince and Princess WrOspigliOsi, the
latter the Standard Oil heiress, for
merly Miss Helen Stallo, arrived in
Cincinnati Tuesday for the holidays
at the brides old home. They drove
TO the Gibson house from the station
i'm an ordinary depot hack. The prince
announced through an interpreter
that he had already fallen in love
with the United States and would like
TO live here and be naturalized. His
American bride, he said, had become
so infatuated with Italy that she was
opposed 10 this plan and so, he added
with a shrug OF his shoulders. that
seemed to denote finality. We Will
probably continue to live in Italy"
The couple had only two servants, a
valet and lacy's maid, but brought
eight trunks.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1914-12-23

Germany is already drawing upon her
boys to fill her depleted ranks.
Seventeen thousand soldiers have
reached Heyst, near the Dutch from
tier. This is one of the points on the
line upon which the Germans will fall
back if they find they cannot with
stand the offensive OF the allies in
Flanders Most of the soldiers arriv-
ing are between II and Is years old.
Some of the new guns are being
mounted, but others are being sent to
the Flanders front, No civilians are
allowed TO enter or leave Heyst under
penalty Of death.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1914-12-23
SECRETARY GETS
LARGEST FEE EVER PAID

INDIANAPOLIS. Ind, Dec, "a
The largest corporation fee ever re-
ceived by the state OF Indiana was
paid Tuesday when John B. Cockrum.
attorney for the New York Central
lines. handed Sec'y Of State Cook a
check for 100000. Ii was paid on
account Of the consolidation Of all
the subsidiary railroads of the New
York Central lines operating in In
diana into the $500, COO 900 New York
Central cOrporatiOn4
Lines in this state which become
part of the New York Central system
are the Peoria and Eastern, Lake
Erie and Western, TT. Wayne, Gin
cinnati and Louisville; Lake Shore
and Michigan Southern, Michigan
Central Chicago. Indiana and South
ern: Indiana Harbor Belt, and the
cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago and ST
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1914-12-23
TAXIS CARRY VICTIMS
OF WRECK ACROSS RIVER
Smashed Freight Train Blocks All
Traffic on Rock Island-Eump
Corn Into River.

JOLIET, ILL.,, Dec. 23.-Three hun.
dred passengers on four luxurious
Rock Island trains were bundled out
OF their berths Tuesday morning and
taken across the Des PLANES river in
taxi cabs when a wrecked freight train
in the middle OF the Rock Island
bridge blocked all traffic after .
O'Clock. They continued their jour
ney to Chicago on special trains made
UP in Joliet A defective wheel threw
six freight cars off the track the mo-
mentum of the train tearing up two
hundred feet OF bridge ties until the
derailed cars careened toward the
edge Of the bridge. No one was in
jured. 1t was necessary 10 dump five
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1914-12-23

NEW YORK. Dec. 23.-A new club
is being formed in the financial dis
trict. TO be composed Of bankers OF
the whole country, and IL Is expected
that European bankers viii ne in
cluded IN the membership when the
clubs quarters are opened next March
in the new Equitable building The
total membership is expected TO be
fixed and remain at 1000. The
wealth represented by the officers and
governors alone reaches several bill
lions. A Barton Hepburn. head OF
the Chase National bank, will be the
first president. while among the gov
ernors are the presidents OF the prin-
cipal banks. trust companies, insur-
ance companies and the like.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1914-12-23
RAID CLUB ROOMS
Ten Men Are Taken In Cleanup at
Shclbyv1Ie.

SHELBYVILLE. Ind, Dec. 23.-As
a result OF the ruling made by the In
diana supreme court last week in re-
gard To selling liquor III clubs and
lodge rooms. a raid was made on the
rooms occupied By the Fraternal Or
der of Common people. Ten men
We're arrested. John Marsh, assistant
police chief and four mem ers Of the
police force say the men were seated
about a table gambling. The officers
obtained about SO from the table, i've
cases of beer and a quart bottle OF
whisky.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1914-12-23
CAN'T INFLUENCE NORWAY
Berlin Reports Russian Attempts Are
Frustrated BY Kings Meeting.

BERLIN (by wireless via Sayville),
Dee. 2S.-Among the items given out
by the official press bureau today are
these:
The Russian attempts to influence
Norway economically and politically
seem to have been frustrated by the
meeting of the three scandinavian
kings at Malmoe.
Lisbon reports that % members
of the unionist party have given up
their seats in the Portuguese parlia-
ment as a protest against the war
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1914-12-23
ARREST FRENCH sYMPATIuzERs

BERNIE, switzerland. Dec. 23.-At
Muelhausen, Colmar ard Sundaug in
Alsace, Wholesale arrests OF citizens
suspected Of being in sympathy with
the French have been effected, The
military authorities have issued a pro-
clamation warning the public that
punishment will be visited on those
discovered giving information TO the
French troops.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1914-12-23
NEW GERMAN GUNS ARE
RUSHED INTO BELGIUM;
YOUTHS ARE IN RANKS

ROTTERDAM, Dec, 23.-New Ger
man guns just turned out at the
Krupp factory. and fresh troops are
being rushed into Belgium. The
youth Of the new troops shows that
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1914-12-23

car loads of corn into the river to
clear the track. All traffic westward
from Chicago was tied up several
hours. Incoming trains are lined up
for a mile west of the blocked bridge.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1914-12-23
THE AMERICAN TRUST COM
FASK'6 "CHRISTafAS MONEY

lis nov Forming, On

Is nov forming, Cali at the Trust
Company and set started for the New
year, There 70 4 memhership card
here ready for gog: No expense, 40
dues. No fnes. Co:ae In and join
noSr.
Adv. The American TruGt Co.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1914-12-23
LEAVES NO NOTE
Family of Preston Thomas Unable TO
Give Reason For suicide.

NEW CASTLE. Ind, Dec. Ia
Preston Thomas. q 17-year-old farm
er boy, died Tuesday OF elf-infiicted
wounds. In his pocket was found a
note which real:
II would rather die than face
father" no explanation of the note
or the suicide has been made by the
family.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1914-12-23

CHICAGO. Dec. 23.-The Armour
Grain Co. has let a contract for the
construction or 100000 grain
elevator here, the work to begin next
week.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1914-12-23

GREENSBURG. - Mrs. Arthur
Toothman was severely burned when
her clothing became iGnited by tho
explosion OF a can % stove polish.
Considerable damage WAS done to the
house,
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1914-12-23

NEW RICHMOND. - Nelson Nor
ris, 49, tainted against q stove in
which ne was trying to build a fire.
He was unable 10 rise but was rescued
by neighbors who heard his cries, His
injuries may prove fatal.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1914-12-23

FOUNTAIN PENS. Good and Dur
able. Guaranteed one year. soc. ST.
ST so. Self Filters $3.50 at Coonleys
"A dvt
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1914-12-23
HARTFORD CITY.-Th.

HARTFORD CITY-The city coun-
ell has appropriated $4,000 for the
erection OF an auditorium and gymnas-
ium for the high school. An addition
30 the building costing $4,000 was
completed last week.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1914-12-23

FENNVILLfl, Mich. CLIFFORD Miles
10. was accidentally shot BY HIS broth
er Fred. while the two were hunting
rabbits. Fred felt and his shotgun was
discharged, the charge taking effect IN
Chords back.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1914-12-23
THE AMERICAN TRUST COM
PANX'S CHRISTMAS MONEY
CTITDf'

is now forming, Call at the Trust
Company and get started for the New
year, There is a membership card
here ready for you, No expense. No
dues. no fines. Come in and Join
now,
Advt. The American Trust Co,
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1914-12-23

CHICAGO. Dec. 23.-The Erie rail-
road announced that its repair shops
viii be put on full time shortly after
New Years.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1914-12-23
BUSIN ESS BOOMS

CHICAGO. Dec. 23.-The Chicago,
Milwaukee and St. Paul railroad Co.
has placed orders for $4,000, 600
worth Of copper wire.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1914-12-23

DETROIT. Mich. Dec. %. - The
Great Lakes Construction Co. an
nounces IL has closed contracts for
the construction OF steel freight
steamers to cost S1.SOO,OOO.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1914-12-23

Yorks
o Goee who
husband
OF cruelty and her final
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1914-12-23

LANSING. Mich. Dec. 23.-An IN
crease Of $4,000. 600 in the stock OF
the Minneapolis. st. Paul and Sault
Ste Marie Railroad Co. has been al
lowed by the Michigan railroad COM
m isSiOn.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1914-12-23

HOLLAND. Mich. - Mrs. Harm
Kragt was nearly asphyxiated when
she fell In a faint whhe attending q
gas stove. Her husband found her
unconscious and IL was p hours be-
fore she was restored.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1914-12-23

UMBRELLAS. Nice Christmas
Gifts. soc to $3.50 Beauties" at
Coonleys.-Advt.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1914-12-23

LANSING, Mich.-A law to prevent
clipping couples from other states, and
particularly from Chicago, marrying
suddenly here has been drawn up and
recommended for passage at this WIN
ter's session OF the legislature,
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1914-12-23

LAPEER, Mich-Whiie mis- sweet
heart, Clara Hatch, looked on, power
less to aid him. Oscar Baker, fireman
at the lighting plant, was instantly
killed Ly electrocutiOn when he in
advertently grasped high tension
strand.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1914-12-23

JACKSON, Mich. - Andrew J.
Weathcrwax dfopped, dead at his
nome yesterday afternoon. lie W,.s
a pioneer manufa cturer and at one
TINE served as mayor OF Jackson.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1914-12-23

OVID, Mich.-sIrs. Belle Hcy. 81,
made her fourth matrimonial venture
when she was married 10 Henry
Moore, 76 years old.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1914-12-23

FLINT, Mich.-The new 500, 600
I. NJ. G. A. building has been formal
~ dedicated. 1t is complete in every
way with dormitory, gymnasium. read
ing room, swimming pool. etc.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1914-12-23

HOLLAND. Mich.-Henry Taken,
IS years old, died suddenly when re
was seized with stroke OF apoplexy.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1914-12-23
AL The Ne,Us of
INDIANA and MICHIGAN
STATE BRIEFS.

FENNVILLT., Mich. Clifford Miles,
10. was accidentally shot BY HIS broth
er Fred, while the two were hunting
rabbits. Fred felt and his shotgun was
discharged, the charge taking erect In
Clinord's back.
HOLLAND. Mich. = Mrs. Harm
Kragt was nearly asphyxiated when
she fell in a faint whine attending .
gas stove. Her husband found her
unconscious and IL was p hours be-
fore she was restored.
ALMA, Mich.-The right hand and
arm Of William Smith were crushed
il an electric ice cream freezer whom
tie cylinder caught Smith glove as
he was packing ice ABOUT the cylinder.
HOLLAND. Mlch.-Henry Taken,
IS years old. died suddenly when re
as seized with a stroke OF apoplexy.
OVID. Mich.-sIrs. Belle Hav. 81,
made her fourth matrimonial venture
when she was married 10 Henry
Moore, 16 years old.
FLINT, Mich.-The new 100000
Y. NJ. G. A. building has been formal
~ dedicated. 1t is complete in every
way with dormitory, gymnasium, read
ing room, swimming pool. etc.
JACKSON, Mich - Andrew J.
Weatherwax dfopped, dead at his
nome yesterday afternoon. He VS.
a pioneer manuft cturer and at one
time served as mayor of Jackson.
LAPEER. Mich.-WhiIe his sweet
heart, Clara Hatch, looked on, pOwer-
less to aid him, Oscar Baker, fireman
at the lighting plant. was instantly
killed Ly electrocutiOn when he in
advertently grasped a high tension
strand,
LANSING. BIich.-A law to prevent
clipping couples from other states, and
particularly from Chicago, marrying
suddenly here has been drawn uD and
recommended Tor passage at this win
ter's session OF the legislature,
NEW RICHMOND. - Nelson Nor
ris, SO, tainted against q stove in
which ne was trying to build fire
He was unable 10 rise but was rescued
by neighoors who heard his cries, His
injuries may prove fatal.
HARTFORD CITY.-The city coun-
ell has appropriated $4,000 for the
erection OF an auditorium and gymnas-
ium for the high school. An addition
10 the building costing 5000 was
completed last week:
GREENSBURG. - Mrs. Arthur
Toothmal was severely burned when
her clothing became iGnited by tho
explosion Of can % stove polish.
Considerable damage was done to the
house.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1914-12-23

ALMA, Mich.-The right hand and
arm Of William Smith were crushed
il an electric ice cream freezer when
tie cylinder caught Smith glove as
he was packing ice ABOUT the cylinder.
Omaha daily bee., 1914-02-01
Downtown
Investment
Bargain

sSx1ao: ~ blocks from postoffiee with
brick building, completed In 1918. Price
QabO0
This property Is worth s1lTOo. as the
ground is worth 500 per front foot and
the building cost Ss,i00, and could not be
duplicated for that amount. The brick
are laid In cement; the roof Is guaran-
teed for 10 years: porches built OF brick
with tiled floors and cement ceilingsa In
terior woodwork, oak, with pine In the
basement; floors oak all through. There
are 4 bathrooms, OF which have tiled
floors, and every bedroom has hot and
cold water. The steam heat and plumb
Ing are extra good. Rented to one tenant
for $3.50 per year lover 10 per cent on
the price). Nothing to come out of this
except insurance and taxes, as the ten
ant pays for water, heat, etc, and the
repairs will be practically nothing. See
us at once II you want n bargain.
If you want to live in this
and rent out the rooms it will
bring in double the present
rent.
j. H. Dumont & Co.
1903 Farnam ST. Phone Doug, 660s
Omaha daily bee., 1914-02-01
House to be Moved

oeived on or before February T. Large
substantial frame dwelling at 18th and
Douglas Sts., facing west.
AMERICAN SECURITY COMPANY,
18th and Douglas SITS. Douglas 5Ol3'
Omaha daily bee., 1914-02-01
VACANT

81, ,0oo-The finest, double corner, e6x1g7h
feet, with street on three sides,
unequaled for first-class. modern,
up-to-date apartment. Nothing bett
ter anyWhere
Omaha daily bee., 1914-02-01

~ ". OIlOLILO w.
91s City Natl Bank Bldg Doug. 80
Omaha daily bee., 1914-02-01
ACREAGE FOR SALE.
Acreage

A man who wants speculative buy
had better ask about these lots In Ben
son. over COO feet OF street frontage.
Owner says sell now. VIII accept q pay
ment proposition. See us about this now.
One acre at seth and Newport Ave. fine
place for garden and chickens. Yours
for 1000 cash and 5000 per month. Just
the place you have been wanting to buy.
Price Is reasonable.
Two lots on Writ, near 18th. Owner
says sell now and on easy payments. Will
accept payments OF 5000 per month.
Plenty of yard, so that you can have a
garden and chickens See today. 1t is a
real bargain.
CREIGH. SONS & COMPANY,
Douglas 900. sos Bee BidR.s
@-ACRB fruit farm near Florence,
acres In grapes, acres In other fruits,
! acre In asparagus, some alfalfa, good
improvements, 5000. Would take house
and lot for part. w. II. GATES. Room
6H Omaha National Bank Building
Phone Douglas 1924, Web. 26SS.
Omaha daily bee., 1914-02-01
Little Gardens

:, Two blocks south. of the Benson car
line, between 5oth Ave. and 5ist St, we
have four lots in body for $50 They
are bO-toot lots. they lie well and we can
sell on payment plan, Take Benson car
to 5lst ST. ana walk 2ls blocks south.
Omaha daily bee., 1914-02-01
New 7-Room Home,
934 So. 3Sth Ave-,
Northwest Corner 39th Ave.
and Mason Sit.

South and east front. big corner lot,
room TO build another house on the rear;
good location, Q blocks from car line. on
paved street. where all new homes have
recently been built; has reception hall,
living room, dining room and kitchen on
first floor, 4 sleeping rooms and bath on
second floor; combination stairway; first
story is finished In oak, including the
has oak floors, stairway TO attic; full
foundation; all the rooms are nicely pa
pered; has first class plumbing and heat
Ing throughout This house is built OF the
very best material and workmanship and
will bear the very closest inspection.
VIII make someone a nice home. WIN
sell at reasonable price and on a small
payment down. House Is ready to move
into. Price 1870.
Omaha daily bee., 1914-02-01
Mr.. Renter

s., 800 $500 cash balance less than rent
will buy you Groom house, stands on
nice terrace lot 6 IT. front by a llO
n. deep, has city water. gas, sewer and
one out of three 2621-23-25 s. 18th ST.,
or you can pay 81 $50 and buy the corner,
one 2627 8. 18th st. These houses are
block from South Omaha car line.
j. B. ROBINSON,
Omaha daily bee., 1914-02-01

81, ,5oo-ExtrS we'll built. quarter sawed.
oak finish, oak floors, hot water
heat, white enamel up stairs;
choice corner. and a fine home.
CHEAP.
Sz5, ,O0o-The best, modern, medium priced
brick home in the West Farnam
neutrality-suspicious.; In the very
best location.
Omaha daily bee., 1914-02-01
REAL ESTATE.
CITY PROPERTY ron SALE.

FOR SALE CHEAP.
Fine apartment house site OF site for two
dwellings. Southwest corner 32d and Pop
pleton, 1904 lOOxll7 IT,, also good dwelling,
Tor sale. Desire offers Call Harney 457
or Douglas 22O9. Frank l. Mccoy, At
torney.s
Highland recorder. (Monterey, Highland County, Va.) 1877-1972, 1914-07-31
Fesf,Ha dell

II have read go much about the
use of lime that ordered stand
ard soil tester. Tested some black
soil with a hard packed bottom, on
which 1 usually fail to geta stand:
Result showed no lime. Then L
tested samples from all over my
farm, and it showed no lime, yet
some places are productive and
some not Please tell me how l
can, tell when l need lime
We doSnot know anythlng about
tn tester you used, but there is
little doubt that any soil in your
section is apt to aci and deficient in
lime. This can be shown, az we
have often given directions, by get
ting some blue litmus paper from
a drug store. Mix up some soil
wet, and put a slip of the blue
paper in it and let it stay half an
hour. Then if it has turned red
or pink it shows acidity and that
the soil needs lime.-The Progress
sive Farmer. :; -.
Highland recorder. (Monterey, Highland County, Va.) 1877-1972, 1914-07-31
Trustees Sale of Horses

BY virtue of the provisions of a
deed of trust of record in Highland
County Circuit Court Clerks Office
in deed book No. 10 at page 7
wherin the hereinafter described
horses are conveyed to the under
signed Trustee in trust to secure
W. B. Freeman as endorser on GER
tain notes therein described made
by w. NJ. Winner, default having
been made in the payment of the
said notes and said W. B. Freeman
has been required to pay the same
as indorser and upon notice from
said Freeman so to do, the under
signed Trustee will on, Monday the
oath day August, 1914 at the front
door of courthouse of Highland
county offer for sale at public auc
ton to the higest bidder for cash
two roam horses, each II weary old
in good condition, splendid workers,
gentle and not afraid of automobiles
and one nice saddle and drying
horse seven years old last spring,
a bay; and is gentle and we'll broken
2 good mules, each about II yrs old
=, r. A. Jones, Trustee
Highland recorder. (Monterey, Highland County, Va.) 1877-1972, 1914-07-31
Value of the Playground.

The public playground Is Of value
because of its moral influence upon
the children who frequent it. The
playground Is supervised, and herein
lies Its great success. Although there
is plenty of freedom, yet some SEM
blance of order Is kept. Gambling,
profanity, vulgarity, smoking are for
hidden. The ground Is a miniature
republic. Children are treated as citi
zens of this little republic. They learn
there the laws of good citizenship.
Courtesy is required. All pushing and
scrambling for best places is met with
a merited rebuke from pupils and di:
rector. Supervision Of games removes
all desire for brutality or cheating. A
fine feeling Is generated between chill
dren of different races. spirit of fair.
ness and good-fellowship prevails to
such an extent that the supervisor In
his report speaks of 1t as the spirit OF
the playground" 1T is an established
fact that the playground" says Luther
Gulick, develops the sense of human
relationships which Is basal to whole
some Hving"-Suburban Life.
Highland recorder. (Monterey, Highland County, Va.) 1877-1972, 1914-07-31
When To Sow Clover

One reader says he sowed bur
clover last November and got
splendid results. Another says he
sowed crimson clover the middle
of November, and still another
soved red clover in January, and
all three assure US we are mistaken
in our belief that it is necessary to
sow these crops in September. ,
When moisture is abundant and
the winter mild, or when every
thing is favorable. a good crop may
he grown with such late seeding,
Int we cannot afford to base our
advice on these exceptional seasons
or conditions. Our advice is based
On the average conditions and re-
suits and we affirm, as positively
80 if the unusual amount OF mos,
5ure in some sections and the mild
winter had not enabled some to
succeed with such late seeding,
that these leglmes do better soWed
in September than in November:
Ind that in the northern half OF
the Cotton Belt they should be
s .n the first half of September
and in the Southern hall the eel''
,oreferably the latter half of Sep
sember or early in October.-lhe
Progressive Farmer.