davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington herald., 1914-12-06

thing, however. is sacrificed by tho Cos
sacks in order 10 be skillful swOrdsmcn
and horsemen.
They are capable Of doing anything
in the saddle. Cowboys. hrOnchu, or cir
Gus riders are not in il with these amaz-
ing riders. and in peace times they
amuSe themselves by such fcats a. leap
ing from the saddles while the horses
are going ut fun Gallop. and then re-
mounting. springinC from one horse 10
another. riding double. snatchinG man
from the ground supposed to be wound
cd. and picking up coins as they hang
head downwardS from the saddle while
the horse is travelling at full speed.
The Cossacks. by reason of their mil
itary prOwrSS, have for centuries past
lived on land granted them by the Rus
sian government as part payment for the
military service required of them. They
are liable for military service for life
The Washington herald., 1914-12-06

some people Cossacks are held 10 bc
Tartars, and are regarded as such in
more than one sense of the word by their
enemies. But they usually claim to be
pure Russian stock, and point proudly to
the fact that they fought for Russia as
far back as the tenth century. and were
known as a powerful military Confcd-
eraCy for hundreds of years later.
There are really two main types of
COSsacks-OnC known as the Little Rus
slams. and the other as thc Don Cos
sacks. the latter being the better and
more enlightened type. Both the Little
Russians and the Don COsSaCks. however.
who together number about 1.60O.OOO
men. are born soldiers and splendid
fighters. 4 certain number follow agri-
cultural pursuits, while in some of the
isolated Cossack villages on the outposts
of Russia, Central Asia and Caucasus
they gain livelihood by fishing. Every
The Washington herald., 1914-12-06
Glass Eyes
Are Scarce

~LASS eyes are getting scarcer and
IL higher in price, wholesale dealers
say. with no prospect OF an in
creased supply while the war continues.
The authorities in the trade say that
more than three hundred thousand peO-
pie in this country wear glass eyes and
keep on buying them from time 10 time.
as the eyes usually wear out within
year or two.
New York is the center OF the trade
in this country. The Wholesalers there
say that all OF their imported eyes are
from Germany. The importers also
manufacture eyes in New York. but all
of the material used in making the eyes
includes special qualities of clear and
colored glass which are combined in the
process of manufacture in order 10 imi-
tate as closely as possible the appcar-
ance OF natural eyes.
No shipment of eyes or material Cor
eyes has been received since the War
began. The present supply Of manu-
factured eyes. the wholesalers So. viii
last only few months.
The Washington herald., 1914-12-06

ability Of the physician and fellow work
men to administer the proper treatment.
With the development and practice
Of the prone pressure method, many OF
these lives can be saved. 1t is an un-
welcome fact that over ninety per cent
of physicians and employees of electrical
and manufacturing concerns are entirely
ignorant of the prone pressure method.
When the occasion demands it. they are
utterly unable TO give any assistance TO
the patients and much valuable time is
wasted in awaiting one who understands
the method. Therefore it is very i'm
pOrtant that the men who are employed
at dangerous occupations, such as miners
and linemen. be instructed in what 10
do if an accident does happen.
Several men in every department of a
company should be chosen to work upon
the patient-immediately after the acci-
dent has happened. as time cannot be
wasted in awaiting the arrival of physi-
clan or a machine used for the purpose.
The men should be drilled to have per-
feet team work. TO act instantaneously
and to work with Ceaseless energy for
hours II necessary. Many a life has
been saved after three or four hours OF
hard work.
The purpose Of the prone pressure
method is to induce artificial respiration.
The Washington herald., 1914-12-06
Pumping by
Explosions

HUMPING water 10y c>pIo-i"n. or with
an explosion pump. ~. be ne
method cmploycd by rl@ IL! ,';an
government in draining d lake a. Mex.
near Alexandria. When the plant is
completed it Will b, the largest pump
ing installation in the world. There will
be eighteen pumps, each capable of a
delivery OF 1o",ooo. 900 gallons of water
per day, to Il height Of about twenty
feet.
The pump works automatically At 4
rate of about ten explosions per minur.
There are no piStOns or other moving
parts, as in the common tyuc OF water
bump. The water is raised by III" re-
Sulting gas pressure within an e>plu-
sion chamber; the chamber is then
emptied of the products Uf III" burned
gases, and the next charge Is com
pressed for firing by IL" incoming water.
The Washington herald., 1914-12-06
WHO the COSSACKS Are Is CAUSE of Much CONTROVERS>

from the age of nineteen. They provide
their own horses and equipment. and for
the first two years are trained at their
homes Then they enter what is known
as the first category" regiment of their
district, in which they remain for four
Years.
These regiments are permanently ON
bodied and may h" employed in any part
Of the empire The men then pass to
the second category regiment for an
other four years. and to the third for
similar period Finally there is a period
of five years in the reserves. which nils
casualties in time of war; but every Cos
sack, up to any age, can be called out
al time of emergency to assist in the
national defense.
The Washington herald., 1914-12-06
HOW Germans CARRY SHELLS

EIOW the German army is able to ham
II die the tons and tons of ammunition
which it is using in the great war Is
a mystery to laymen who are unacqualnt-
ed with the 100 per cent efficiency OF the
Kaisers military machine.
The "panier," or carrying basket, will
give hint as to how shells, powerful
enough to wreck a great building, are
carried without danger and in such a
way that they are Immediately available
for service and may be transported from
point to point with ease and dispatch.
The paniers are skillfully constructed
wicker cases, made to hold three thir-
teen-pound shells in separate tubes. The
baskets are so carefully woven that the
shell fits into them as neatly as into the
breech Of the gun. \ lid of sheet iron.
which is held in position by straps, keeps
the shells from dropping out. \ strong
handle completes the outfit.
The Washington herald., 1914-12-06

In Cambodia and other parts of
lndo-China where the spread of the
water hyacinth has seriously interfered
with navigation of the rivers an effort
has been made to solve the problem by
endeavoring to find some use for the
plant, and with this end in view chemists
and students have been encouraged to
investigate the problem. A French pro-
fessor named Perrot has extracted the
fiber from the plant, and finds that after
drying, preferably by gradual process,
it can be made into a seryiceable rope
and twine, as we'll as coarse thread
suitable for mating and sail cloth.
The Washington herald., 1914-12-06

pointed bullet, itself a German inven-
tion, and now for the first time en-
pIoyed in warfare in western Europe, in
fiicts at short ranges more grievous
wounds than any form of soft-nOsed ex-
panding bullet.
These pointed bullets. it seems, are apt
to turn sideways on striking a man or
an animal at short range, with the result
that although the hole caused by the
entry of the bullet is small, round, and
clean-cut, the skin is often torn open
where they pass out on the other side.
Mr.. Selous relates how on several Occa-
Sions he has found one of these long.
solid pointed bullets, absolutely unim-
paired in shape, lying broadside under
The Washington herald., 1914-12-06

q INCE the outbreak OF the European
war, charges and counter charges
- to the effect that the different
armies are using the so-called
dumdum" bullets have been almost
daily occurrence. In a recent article DR..
Haydn Brown, of England, who as an
army surgeon saw service on the battle
g field in former campaigns and has made
a collection of dumdum bullets, de-
Scribes the various kinds of these deadly
missiles.
To begin, the term dumdum may be
applied to any bullet which does not
make clean passage through any part
or the body it strikes. but expands.
splits up into several parts or "mush-
rooms" increasing the havoc wrought in
the wound and making a larger hole at
the exit than at the entrance
Inc most common kind of dumdum
bullets are the sOft-nOsed type. These
are used very extensively by sportsmen
IN target practice because when they hit
the protection shields at the ranges they
fiatten out and fall harmlessly to the
ground instead of penetrating the shield.
Dr. Brown points out in this cOnnec-
tion that owing TO the fact that such bull
lets are used extensively in time of peace
by SportSmen. il is very likely that men
of all armies are likely TO have them in
their possession while franc-tireurs, or
citizens who fire on the troops indiscrim-
lnately, probably would be able to pur-
chase these bullets and use them, per-
hapS unwittingIy.
Another very common typp of the
dumdum prOjectile is that in which the
bullet is followed out at the free end
This type, like the soft-nosed kind. fiat
tens out or mushrooms" on coming in
contact with an object and Of course in
the case Of hitting a human target goes
tearing its way through the flesh leav-
ing terribly laCerated wounds The hol-
low type is used a great deal in revulv-
erS or automatic pistols by spOrtsmPn.
\ very cruel type OF the dumdum bull
let at short range is the cOnical shaped
kind. This bullet appears to be sharp-
ened to very fine point. The reason it is
so disastrous in its effect is because dis
tributiOn of weight throws the bullet
out of balance so that il goes wabbling
through the air. To correct this form
il is necessary to increase the weight at
the tip and decrease it at the base with
out changing the shape or CARRYING
power.
The most deadly and cruel of all the
dumdum bullets is the type which
soldiers improvise while lying in the
trenches. This kind is made by notch
ing an ordinary bullet across the nose
with deep burrows. In nearly every in
stance this notchcd bullet will split on
hitting its target.
Shrapnel shell also has a dumdum
effect. Irregular in shape and rough at
every point. the shrapnel most generally
works with awful effect. producing a
wound very similar to that of an ordi-
nary dumdum.
IL was the British troops in India that
first brought into use the dumdum bull
let's. In the petty wars on the northwest
frontier of India British soldiers we're
often exposed to night attacks in camp
by fanatic swordsmen known as Ghazis.
or fighting dervishes, and it was found
that the rush of men of this sort at close
quarters was not to be stopped by the
needle-like prick OF the modern rife
bullet, and that it was absolutely neces-
The Washington herald., 1914-12-06
POINTED
BULLET

sary To make the bullet more effective
in these special circumstances. This was
done by removing from the nose of the
bullet a small portion of the nickel man
tie that covers it. The effect of this was
to make the lead spread out from the
diameter OF a lead pencil to that OF the
old-fashiOned musket ball, and had a
sufficiently stopping effect. The Brit
ish troops. however. never used the bull
lets anywhere except in the circum-
stances related.
The name dumdum is derived from
the town OF Dumdum, four and a half
miles from Calcutta, where the bullets
were first manufactured. Dumdum.
which has been described as the Wool
wiCh OF India, and was for a long time
the headquarters of the Bengal artillery,
was. it is interesting TO note, the center
The Washington herald., 1914-12-06

until the brain RECEIVERS its normal ac-
tiOns. in case of smOthering or drown
ing the blood rushes to the large vessels
in the region of the abdomen which
causes an anemia of the brain, which in
turn causes an interference of the action
of the heart. To restore the normal ac-
tion of the heart, artificial respira ion
must he adopted. With the returning
regularity of the heart beats will come
The gradual recovery of the functions of
the brain. The prone pressure method
consists in simply moving the body so
that it will undergo the same actions it
UndergOos whcn the person is breathing.
This action will reduce the blood in the
abdominal -esSels and cause the normal
flow throughout the veins and gradually
The brain will -csume its normal con-
ditions and the victim will be restored
to consciousness.
The Washington herald., 1914-12-06
SOLDIER
May Garry
HIS OWN
AneSthetiC .

TliAT each soldier carry his own
ancsthetic for use TO deaden pain
in case he is wounded in battle
Is one of the suggestions made
by an English journal. The discovery
of the anesthetic was made by Professor
Schleich ana the description Of it is as
follows:
1T consists Of two parts of ethyl
chloride, four parts of chlUroform, and
twelve parts of sulphuric ether. This
mixture boils at very low temperature;
in fact, at the normal temperature of
the human body. II any one clasps a
phial containing il in his fist for a few
minutes it boils gently. The patient in
haleS the vapOr of the boiling liquid
and quickly it produces freedom from
pain-then sleep. II the phial be held
under his nOstriIs so that he continues
to inhale the vapOr. his sensory nerves
are blunted, he becomes anesthetized.
Professor SchIeich insisted that
there is no danger in using the mixture
Its simplicity and harmlessness, there
fore. he considered, recommend its use
in war.
Each soldier could be provided easily
With a small quantity Of the liquid in 4
suitable tube, which he could use for
himself until he found himself in the
surgeons hands. No overdose would be
possible, because the soldier would fail
asleep first, and the tube would drop
from his hand"
The Washington herald., 1914-12-06
O. K. for LIGHTNING Rods

struck had no rods and the remainder.
the protected buildings. carried the
cheapest type of rod. The fiourishinG
industry OF manufacturing these rods has
been crushed by the fraudulent agents
who have put out an absolutely worth
less lightning rod. In defense of the
scientific fact that rods of the right con-
StruCtiOn do protect buildings from
thunderbolts. these professors have made
their researches and have exposed the
fake methods of the concerns which
operate not for the good of the public
but for their own private interests.
The Washington herald., 1914-12-06

NEOPLE who have had the sad ex-
perience of having their houses or
barns burned to the ground, caused
by Il bolt of lightning, and who had So
called lightning rods , protect them,
will naturally call all such rods fraud.
But two Canadian professors have come
10 the aid of the lightning rod by gather
ing data of the number of buildings de-
strOyed, how many carried rods, and of
how the rods we're made and attached to
the buildings.
The Washington herald., 1914-12-06

NHORE controversy has probably
arisen in regard to the origin of
the name CossaCk than in connec-
tiOn with any other word in the worlds
languages. The name of Russia's IA
nous soldiers has been variuusly de-
rived from words meaning. in distinct
languages. an armed man. sabre, a
rover, goat, 4 promontory. a coat. Il
The Washington herald., 1914-12-06
LATEST Is Pneumatic SCENERY

it may he inflated quickly and moved
about with case. The idea has been
worked out in reproducing trees upon
the stage, with the result that they
appear very real from a short distance
\ very large oak tree may be collapsed
and packed in a small space for ship
Dent.
The Washington herald., 1914-12-06

NNECMATIC scenery and stage set
tinSs are now being used in an en-
dcavOr to make them more reaIis-
tic and at the same time conserve the
pOrtableness and convenience Of the
present type Of fiat and built up paper
and wood forms. This is made of
rubberized fabric and so arranged that
The Washington herald., 1914-12-06
HERE'S the
LATEST in
FIRST AID
METHODS

THE recent perfection of the Schaefer.
or prone pressure method, is prob
ably the best discovery I'm the
science of first aid, or resuscitation
from suspended animation. In previous
years many made unconscious by an
electric shock, or asphyXiated by fumes
of gas, were pronounced dead after a
hasty examination and no attempt at
resuscitation. Consequently many cases
of this kind were lost, owing to the in
The Washington herald., 1914-12-06

sidecar containing an ambulance
stretcher is attached to the machine,
said stretcher being removable so that
1t can be taken to any part of the field
of battle. Much time is saved by using
this conveyance as it can be driven
many places that an automobile cannot
penetrate, and as much more ground
can be covered in less time than a wagon
or corps of men afoot could do.
The Washington herald., 1914-12-06
How AeropIane AviatOrs Signal

THERE for signaling from aeropne
the of
with a o compressed
by of a
of
them sufficiently
sta often o
The Washington herald., 1914-12-06

-Railways in Great Britain kill in ac-
cidents for which the passenger is in no
way responsible one passenger for every
70 600 900 carried, while those of the
United States kill one for every 100000
passengers carried.
The Washington herald., 1914-12-06
YOUNG Hens Lay 2.YoIk Eggs

to fanCie
nature
NJ
The Washington herald., 1914-12-06

In one OF the mines of South Africa
16O-horsepower is recovered by making
use of the fall of water which Is plped
from a distance for various purposes IN
the mine.
The Washington herald., 1914-12-06

THE uses for a motorcycle are un-
limited. They are used as pleasure
vehicles, for delivering messages,
packages and lately are developing into
useful conveyances for heavy loads, as
they are built more powerfully and with
more endurance each succeeding year.
The last word in usefulness is their
adoption by several European nations as
conveyances for the wounded in hattie
The Washington herald., 1914-12-06

q INCE the outbreak OF the European
war, charges and counter charges
- to the effect that the different
ias LII
New Britain herald., 1914-04-10
ARRANGEMENTS BUILT
 BY ST. LOUIS CLUB
Am;rG3n Lcagu, Naglats te 3 blek 0aS aught tf fsaeIa Managers.

St. Louis, Mo-, April 1O.-After the loss of Earl Hamilton to the Fed eral league yesterday and the an- nouncement that Glenn Clemons would go to Chicago today, where it is said he too will join the new league, the local American league club today be- gan building intrenchments to pro- tect itself from further onslaught by the Federals.
 The first and strongest defense the Browns president has thrown about his players, it became known today, was the elimination of the ten day re- lease notice from all 1914 contracts. This clause had given the club right to drop any player upon ten days notice. The Federal league in it's at- tempt to retain Hamilton, it is said, will argue the lack of mutuality in the ten day release clause.
 Interviews Are Held.
 Branch Hickey manager of the St. Louis Americans, has held interviews with the players who were said to have visited Stovall during his stay here, and he announced he did not believe another member of his team would go to the Federals Stovall returned to Kansas City with Hannil- ton, but C. c. Madison, president of the Kansas City Federal club, re- mained here to continue the over- lures to the major league players. In answer to the declaration of Robert l.. Hedges, president of the local Americans, that the American league, the National commission and organ ized baseball in general would prevent Hamilton from playing with the Fed erals, Madison said:
 Have Ironclad Contracts.
 We have George Baumgardner and Gus Williams of the St. Louis Browns under ironclad contracts to play with the Kansas City Federal league team and other Browns have expressed willingness to sign contracts with us.
 If the American league makes a step to prevent Earl Hamilton from playing with us we will net only take steps to enforce our contracts with Baumgardner and Williams, but we will sign other Brown players
 Native Eggs, 27c doz Russell Bros. -advt.
New Britain herald., 1914-04-10
s& gE CIGARS ARE PASSED : BY SUFFRAGETTES
Alaskan Women Take Electors t Polls and Treat Them Royalty
 While Explaining Ballots.

Seattle, Wash, April 1O.-Wom helped decide elections in Alaska this week, according to despatches received here. 1t was the first time women had voted in Alaska since en- franchised by the first territorial legislature a year ago.
 In Skagway campaigning brought victory to the feminine politicians, Electors were taken to polling places ty women, who bought cigars and luncheons and supplied conveyances while explaining sample ballots. They elected the entire non-partisan ticket in Skagway against the taxpayers faction which had been in power six years.
 In bitter municipal fight in Juneau women were active and the citizens party was able to elect only two aldermen against the peoples party headed by former Mayor Val entine.
 In Ketchikan, center of the fishing industry, the reform ticket won by electing five of seven councilmen and the school clerk. ..-.=.5+
New Britain herald., 1914-04-10
NIXON CASE CONTINUED. Accused Reported to Be Quite III at
 His Home in New York.

New Haven, April 10.-The case of Stanhope w. Nixon, of New York, son of Lewis Nixon, former democratic national committeeman, who is charged with breach of the peace as a result of an attack on F. H. Everit of this city last October, alleged to have been committed by Nixon. was continued in the city court today un- til April IS. This was in accordance with an agreement reached by coun- sel for Nixon and the city attorney at a conference day or two ago, at which Nixon's counsel stated that his
New Britain herald., 1914-04-10
TROLLEY SEPARATION
 PLAN IS DISCUSSED
Attorney General NGRtyno|ds and Chairman Elliott Hold Conference.

Washington, April 10.-Attorney- General McReynolds and Chairman Howard Elliott of the New Haven railroad. conferred today at the de- partment of justice, to settle the per sonnel of the trust boards to take over the Rhode Island and Connecti- cut trolley systems now owned by the New Haven.
 T. w. Gregory, special assistant to MT. McReynolds in charge of the New Haven case, presented list of five men for each board, acceptable to the department who are willing to serve. Department officials were hopeful that MT. Elliott would find no objection to men on the list and that the trolley part of the New Ha- ven dissolution plan would be ad- justed without further conferences.
 Examinations in June.
 Captain E. P. Bertholf, com niandant of the revenue cutter service, today announced that examinations fer line and engineer cadetships in the service will be held on the five days beginning June 1. Men between the ages of IS and A are eligible for cadetship in the line and those be- tween 20 and 25 for the engineer brench. The examinations will be con- ducted in large cities throughout the country by officers of the service. Suc- cessfur candidates will be appointed cadets and after three years probation will be commissioned in the service.
 May Take Recess.
 Some doubt as to the immediate progra m before the senate canals com mittee existed early today when it was called to order for the second of the fifteen days of public hearings it has granted before reporting back to the senate the Panama canal tolls exemp- ton repeal bill which passed the house
New Britain herald., 1914-04-10

client was quite i'll at his home New York.
 Everit was struck on the hes with an iron bolt and very seriousI injured. The incident is said to hav occurred while a group of Yale stu dents, including Nixon, were return ing to their quarters from win supper. Following the preliminar proceedings on April 2, after Eixonl arrest, the young man was withdraw from college by his father. He under $1,500 bonds.
New Britain herald., 1914-04-10
PIERRE SALES DEAD.

Paris, April 10.-Pierre Sales. one d the most popular French authors q stories of romance and adventurl died here today, aged sixty. He wa originally bank clerk, then becani a newspaper writer and afterwar devoted his pen to novels of peculis1 ly Parisian setting
New Britain herald., 1914-04-10

and other industrial centers to collect further testimony on questions re- lating to social unrest.