davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1914-01-19
OFFICIALS KNEW
Of VIOLATIONS
Charged That They Were Aware
That Seals in Alaskan Wat
erS Were Being Slaughtered,
in Report.

Ne WORK. Jan. I9.-The Times
this morning prints the following:
Washington. ID. G., Jan. 18.-Allega-
tons Of a sensational character re-
flecting upon former high officials and
agents OF the government as we'll as
upon men interested in the North
American Commercial Co, OF San
Francisco, are embraced In two re-
ports made public today by Rep. J. II.
Rothermel of Pennsylvania, chairman
OF the house committee on expendi-
lures IN the department OF commerce.
These reports were made by Henry
W. Elliott and Andrew +. Gallagher.
who were employed by order OF the
house committee last June as special
agents 20 gather information concern
ing the conduct OF public affairs in
the Seal islands OF Alaska.
The report charges that Charles
Nagel of St Louis, secretary OF COM
merce and labor under Pres. Taft.
shut his eyes TO the injurious slaugh-
ter Of SEALS" that he had knowledge
OF the unlawful taking Of seals; that
ne attempted 10 shield the guilty
lessees, and his own subordinates from
exposure and deliberately used a set
of loaded" skin weights co deceive
Sen. Wesley Jones as chairman of
the senate fisheries corImittee.
David Starr Jordan is accused in
the report Of having knowledge of the
unlawful killing OF seals; with having
deceived the United States govern
ment as 20 the cause for the decline
Of the PribylOf herd under Russian
ownership, and with the killing of
80. goo seals under his own eyes in
1896"
The name Of Isaac Liebes, president
Of the North American Commercial
club OF San Francisco, also is men
toned in connection with fraudulent
statements concerning the seal in
dustry.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1914-01-19
FOR FROST BITES AND CHAPPED
SKIN

For frost bitten ears. fingers and
toes. chapped hands and lips. chill
blRins. cold sores. red and rough skins,
there Is nothing To equal Bucklen's
Arnics Salve. stops the pain at once
and heals quickly. In every home
there should be a box handy all the
time. Best remedy for all skin dis
eases, itching eczema, letter, piles. etc.
$50. Recommended by al druggists.
-AdVt
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1914-01-19
THE JAILER FELL FOR 1T
Prisoners Pretend TO be Fighting and
Manage to Escape.

SAPUIA. Okla, Jan. 19.-Pretend-
ing they were fighting, Turner. holdup,
and Johnson. horse thief. lured Jailer
Joe Hereford inside the Greek county
Jail Sunday and locked him in the
cage. making good their escape. The
timely arrival Of officers attracted by
the jailers' cries, prevented a whole
sale emptying of the jail which CON
tanned half n dozen murderers. The
escaped men are still at large. al
though blOCdhounds were put on their
trail at once.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1914-01-19

The men VINO 81 up in the ships
as well as those who go down to the
sea in ships may cruise at night, with
guiding lights. The German govern
ment plans to add TO many of it's
present light houses verticle beams
as powerful those which are
thrown horizontally.
1t is planned to scatter light houses
for air craft throughout Germany,
each being distinguished by different
lights, just as the light houses of the
maritiners are now identified by their
steady and flashing lights at stated
Intervals
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1914-01-19
WONDERFUL COUGH REMEDY.

DR.. Kings New Discovery is known
everywhere as the remedy which viii
surely stop a cough or cold. d. =.
lawson OF Edison. Tenn, writes: "Dr.
Kings New Discovery is the most
wonderful cough. cold and throat and
lung medicine I ever sold in my store
II can't be beat. It sells without any
trouble at ALL IL needs no guar
antee" This is true. because DIR. Kings
New Discovery viii relieve the most
obstinate Of coughs and colds. Lung
troubles quickly helped by its use.
You should keep a bottle i'm the house
al al times for all the mem bers Of
the family soc and 500. Recon-
unssAdod % al druggists
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1914-01-19
HE'S TEACHING THE TANGO

CAMBRIDGE. Mass, Jan. 19-John
McDiu Fox OF Milwaukee. a third
year law man in Harvard, deprived
OF his allowance because Of his pa
rents objections 10 the girl he loved.
has taken 10 teaching the tango as a
means OF providing funds to see him
through law school.
Fox who Is heir 10 a million. has
become teacher extraordinary 20
some OF Boston's most select society
folks, who wish 20 learn how 20 dance
the new dances properly. He declares
that the work IS most congenial.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1914-01-19

L4APORTE, Ind, Jan. Is. - Mss
Della y. Oglesby, formerly a South
Bend newspaper writer, daughter of
the late r. b. Oglesby, at one time a
prominent official in the office of the
auditor of state at Indianapolis. has
been elected one Of the governess Of
the reformatory for incOrrigible girls,
which the state of Minnesota main
tains at Sank Center.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1914-01-19
CAN DETERMINE
SEX OF INFANT
Boston Physician Claims To Have Dis
covered Secret Long Sought
by Doctors.

BOSTON. Mass. Jan. 19.-Dr Ar
thur Lane declares he has discovered
what scientists for many ages have
sought law of control OF sex. DIT.
Lane states that his law has worked
without a single error in 90 cases.
Mrs. John O'Brien OF Holliston last
week became the mothC" OF a baby
whose sex DR.. Lane and the mother
and father agree was predetermined,
that il was settled upon in advance
Mrs. O. Brien planned to have - giri
baby. Her husband agreed upon a
girl baby. DR.. Lanes rule was fol-
lowed. Behold. A girl baby was
born.
Il believe" says the doctor. that
until they have lived together for at
least two years-have learned TO I'M
derstand each other perfectly, no
couple should have children.
TO observe the law of sex control
for one full month prior to the re-
solve to put the plan" into effect, a
couple should remain apart in order
TO date the birth Of the child If
conception occurs during the FIVE days
succeeding the mothers ending of that
month the child will turn out a girl.
If IT takes place from the eighth TO
the IA day after that time the sex of
the child at birth will be masculine.
"Of course this rule canot be made
to apply if it is not followed to the
letter Of the law. Another month
should transpire during which the
couple should remain apart. II this
law is strictly observed and if the
mother is healthy there is no ques-
ton concerning the results"
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1914-11-10
no Aids,Inral Chin. /.

Announcement was made Tuesday
that the big produ fon % Carmen
Saturday night at the Crimson
Grand theater will be under the au-
spices Of the Marcato Music Club.
Upon being acquainted with the
financial straits of the local music
club and its uphill struggle to further
the cause Of musical art in the COM
'munity. the management Of the
grand opera company offered TO help
the club by giving it a share OF the
receipts. The. offer. was gratefully
accepted by the Marcato club and It's
members are now working hard In
an effort to make the opera Saturday
night a big success. The arrange
ments with the grand opera company
are 50 liberal that 9 desreyed attend
Iance at the performance Saturday
night will wipe out the debt Of 5000;
which has burdened the local club
for 90 long.
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1914-11-10

Mrs. Carl Riley ENTERTAINED at 4 6
o'clock dinner recently at her home
|at the New Fair Grounds Addition,
uplimentayy to i Mrs. Frank Love
OF ST. Louis. &,
The event also honoring her hps-
band s and little daughters birthday.
Covers were laid for fourteen. Those
enjoying the evening were Mrs. Frank
Love. Mrs. Otto Kemper and daught-
|ers. Blanche and Laura. Mr.. and Mrs.
M = Kyle and daughter, Violet and
Mabel; Mr.. and Mrs. L. AZ. Riley, Mr..
and Mrs. Carl Riley and daughters,
Lucille, and Mr.. Glen Freeland.
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1914-11-10

unlawful selling or keeping for sale
by the person keeping such room
building or place. The finding OF q
government license In any such build
ing, room or place shall be prirna
facia evidence Of the unlawful selling
and keeping an dstoring for sale! Of
| liquors.
"The statute does not say where
liquors legally obtained for personal
use may, or may not, be stored or.
kept, except as to clubs, but II liq-
uors in large quantities are found
stored at any place accompanied by
circumstances that would justify the
belief that they are being stored and
kept for the purpose Of barter, sale
or distribution 1t would be sufficient
to warrant the finding OF an indict-
ment
.:If you should find that any Of the
provisions 81 the prohibition law has
been violated in this county 1t will, be
your duty to find Indictments. Every
provision OF this Iva Is important and
the violation Of one provision should
be prosecuted with the same vigor aa
though every provision should have
been violated. The efficiency Of this
law depends upon rigid enforcement
Of the same. u this is done the viola
tons can be reduced and kept to q
minimum, or may be wholly prevent
ed. The first duty begins with the.
grand jury"
Judge Robinstn's charge also IN
Hcluded Instructions relating to nuft
der, arson, gambling. theft ana the
criminal statutes generally HE called
particular attention TO. the laWs gov
efning AUTOMOBILES and other motor
vehicles upon the hiEhways, the cleo
ton laws and the laws relating to-
corporations and their employees
The grand Jury Il composed Of the
following men:
Stephen r. Bartlett foreman, joseph
r vannort, b A. Allen, Ernest i.
Frittro. A1burtis Il Lyon, John w.
Lewis. John G. Johnson, Roteft %.
McCord, Leonidas RhoadGs, ". Shef-
man Burnside, A. ~. Davis p. u
Martin, Henry =! Sbmt1d nyiiisg Biloxi
bttfn Cunning ham. s. q. Ft6niile and
w. 81 Randolph q !, 4 ! + = .5.s
Mo6t o. the remand o. 81 the week
His expeEtea % liz fItx1tsd 10 ta1d
iilt work ltieis VIII be Begun next
hion9 ftQfnillc
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1914-11-10
PERSONALS

Judge Jake Fisher, OIL Weston
was 9 visitor here last evening. !,
Mai. F. NJ. Ashcraft was here
Tuesday from Wolf Summit.
Virgil 7. Highland has returned
from Charleston.
Willard Hamilt ton. Of Parkersburg,
travelling freight aud torA for the Bal:
timure and Ohio, is In the city on
ofIicial business. !.
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1914-11-10
SpeciaI Repres,,enllfatiye Here..

SpetiAl nc Fee entat1Ne Here. z r
Miss NJ. i, Parks, Of. New fork
City, a special alive of the
New York Grand Opera Company.
which will present Carmen Satur-
day night ct the Robinson Grand
Ftheater. arrived in the city Thursday
for the purpose Of Interesting local
folk in the merits Of the prod ction.
During her stay IN the city she wiz
meet local music lovers and sa1list
their help In furtherings a .popu1arsin-
terest In grand opera to the end that
the engagement Of the New York
Grand Opera Company here may be
q success and encourage. further
treats Of the kind for Clarksburg-
.ers. q; y IL 81,
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1914-11-10
Cllildrer,s Partr.

A very enjoyable children's party
was given Monday afternoon by Mrs.
Arthur o. Flowers TO celebrate the
fifth birthday Of her little daughter
Eleanor. Blackboard pictures were
presented for the entertainment oi
the littel ones and at O'clock re.
treatments were served including a
very attractive birthday cake.
The guest list included Mary Coop
er, Carolyn Potter, Emily Reed Alex
ander and Billy Copper. 81
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1914-11-10
.Far Yisifnr.

In honor Of Mrs. Julius strassburg-
or, Of East Grange, N T., Mrs. Simie
Nusbaum will entertain at cards from
3 TO S O'clock Thursday afternoon In
her home on Mulberry street. Pro-
gressiye euchre will be the diversion
Of the afternoon. I 4
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1914-11-10
Fancy Work.

At the meeting of the Monongahela
Camp Fire Girls yesterday afternoon
in the home Of Miss Marion Flowers
the diversion was fancy work and the
reading aloud OF The Torch Bearer
Arrangements were made for q hike
down the bridgeport read into the
country Saturday morning which Is
looked forward to with much, pleasure
by the girls. h,
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1914-11-10
Nutter.Bartlett.

Announcement ID made Of the mar
Rae ct Oakland, Nd on October 81 !,
ot Miss Hazel Nutter. and Mr.. Ersel
Bartlett, both Of Clark aburg.
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1914-11-10
Union Meets.

A very interesting meeting Of the
Woman.s Christian Temperance Union
was held this afternoon In st Paul's
Methodist Episcopal church. South
and an excellent talk on my Work In
Your City" was given by Miss Ken
Inedy.
Mrs. Dudley D. Britt has arrived
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1914-11-10
Social and E ers olnol

home from ~ tshurg where she VAS 4
guest Of Afrs. ]. Arter Usher II Iylds
hurst y y. Z /. l 4 .sl s z
The independent-reporter. [volume] (Skowhegan, Me.) 1909-1955, 1914-06-25
Beautiful. Soft, Fluffy
Hair an Aid to Beauty

Who does not love head of pretty
hair? Some women think ii is a gift
of nature and envy their more FORUM
ate sisters If your hair is not fluffy
soft and lustrous; is falling out
streaked, faded, brittle, or full of dan
druff and if the scalp itches, do not
think it must always be that way, for
pretty hair is only a matter of care
and proper nourishment of the hair
roots. Hair is something like plant
if neglected it soon withers and dies
while with little attention it keeps
fresh and beautiful.
Partisan Sage is a scientific prepar-
alton that supplies just the elements
needed to invigorate the hair roots
and stimulate the hair to grow long,
thick, fluffy soft and lustrous. 1t re-
moves dandruff with one application
and quickly stops itching head and
falling hair.
G. r. Fogg or any druggist can
supply you with Partisan Sage-it is
inexpensive. You cannot be dsap-
pointed with this delightful and help
full hair tonic for the first few days
use will give the hair the beauty and
charm of youth 1926 1888 1880
The independent-reporter. [volume] (Skowhegan, Me.) 1909-1955, 1914-06-25

might have been serious accident.
Mr. Brown had hsrnessed up To take
his wife to the station lie got into
the wagon, and Miss Maxwell Who re-
sides there got ID also 70 ride 10 her
place Of business Mrs Brown was
last, and Mr.. Brown stood up while
his wife was getting into tn wagon.
She put one foot on the step and
caught hold Of Mr. Browns coat with
her hand. Her pull vas undoubtedly
a strong one, and both went 70 the
ground in quick order. M Brown
held the reins and the horse backed
the wagon over both their bodies and
stepped on Mrs Browns foot Miss
Maxwell jumped out and held the
horse while they got up from under
the horse. Nothing serious occurred.
The independent-reporter. [volume] (Skowhegan, Me.) 1909-1955, 1914-06-25
NOTICE!

All persons who have had or now
have vehicles. machinery or other
property stored or kept upon the
grounds or in the buildings OF the
Somerset Central Agricultural Society
are hereby WARMED and NOTIFIED
to pay the amount due for such stor-
age at once
a lein in favor of the society exists
until all charges are paid. Legal ac-
ton will be taken where same is re-
moved without payment.
All property remaining within the
enclosure, July LIST, 1914, upon which
charges nave not been fully paid, will
be sold for the benefit of the society,
the balance of the proceeds, ii any, re-
naming after the storage charge and
cost of sale. will be paid to anyone
presenting suitable proof of ownership.
After this date persons leaving upon
the grounds or in the buildings without
permission in writing from the Trus-
tees. will be regarded as trespassers
and dealt with accordingly.
{. w. DAY President; e. D. MILLER,
f. T GOODRICH, vice presidents; S.
II. Bradbury, secretary
J. w. FOGLER
Z. c. BUTLER
{. II. GARDNER
H L. SWEET
r. T. PATTEN
W Z. ORDWAY
Trustees of the Somerset
Central Agricultural Society.
Skowhegan, Maine, May rs, 1914.
5w22
The independent-reporter. [volume] (Skowhegan, Me.) 1909-1955, 1914-06-25
LARONE

In the Postoffice is posted circular
issued by the Postal Department de-
scribng and illustrating in eolors
both the Gypsy and Browntail Moth,
from their birth to their demise, and
calling attention to the need of de-
stroying these pests and at the same
time preserving their natural enemies
the Calosoma Beetle and the Compal-
ma fly. which are also fully described.
The Department at Orono has is
sued a circular describing both the
common and the powdery scab on pc
tatoes and one of these guides can be
seen in the Postoffice.
Miss Davis closed a most successful
term of school June 10. The last day
was devoted to an entertainment. af-
ter which refreshments were served
to the scholars and visitors. This is
Miss Davis third term in this school
where she has given general salts
faction
An automobile party consisting of
Mr.. and Mrs George Kidder and Miss
Lucille of Waterville, Mr.. and Mrs
George Paddock and Miss Winona of
Skowhegau. Mr.. and Mrs. viii Wins
low and Mr. Basil of Larone took a
week end trip to Owle's Head last
Saturday.
Guy Sheatf is in Lexington at work.
f. w. Farley has recently purchased
driving horse.
Those who visited SkoWhegan on
Merchants Day report a great time
and it is safe to say they will be there
next season.
The independent-reporter. [volume] (Skowhegan, Me.) 1909-1955, 1914-06-25
OAK HILI-N0RRIDGEWOCK

Miss Abbie Giggey Mrs. Andrew An
derson and son Roland went to Carl
bou Friday for visit with relatives.
Mrs. Grace Bigelow and sons Harry
and Ray spent Sunday with Mrs. Anne
Taylor
Miss Beulah Stewart returned to her
home in Clinton Friday after spend
ing several days with Miss Abbie
Giggie.
Mrs. O. X. Packard went to Farm
ington last week to attend the Normal
School commencement, her daughter,
Gladys, a student at the Normal re-
turned home with her.
Stella Packard a teacher in one of
the Pennington schools accOmpan-
led by her fellow teacher Miss Fannie
Holley is spending a few weeks yaea-
ton with her parents Mr.. and Mrs. o.
X. Packard.
Philip Porter spent the week end
in Montvlle making the trip in his
auto.
Nelson London who has been a
visitor at James Wallace's returned to
his home in Easton Thursday.
Harry Lewis of Fairfield had the
misfortune to get his wrist broken
Thursday while cranking the traction
engine that is hauling lumber for
Philip Porter
\ party consisting of Mr.. and Mrs.
+. A. Palmer and children and Miss
Ethel Quimby and Chester Frederick
attended the circus in Waterville Fri
day.
Mrs. Charles Cross and son Weldon
returned home last week from Somer-
Vile, n. b. accompanied by Mrs.
Cross step-mother, Mrs. Charles Mer-
rithew who is in poor health.
Eli Shorey returned home Sunday
from Somerset hospital where he has
been for treatment.
Mrs. Julia Hammond is quite sick.
Ralph Packard a U. of NJ. student
is spending the summer vacation al
home.
Clifford Brothers who are hauling
lumber for Philip Porter with trac-
ton engine met with an accident to
their engine last Friday. They were
obliged to take parts of the machinery
to Waterville for repairs.
The Jolly Glee Club met with Mr..
and Mrs. James Wallace and VIM.
Young's family Friday evening in X. OF
2. Hall. There were about 90 pre-
sent and a good time was, reported.
Next Thursday evening the club will
meet with Ralph and Grace Packard
at the home of Mr.. and Mrs. E. E.
Wilder.
The independent-reporter. [volume] (Skowhegan, Me.) 1909-1955, 1914-06-25
WE WISH TO CALL YOUR ATTEN-
TION TO 4 POSITIVE FACT

That DR.. Il. ]. Kendall's Quick Re-
lief is the safest, surest Friend in
need" for aches and pains-inside OF
the body.-It works quickly. Tooth
ache, neuralgia, pains in the back or
side, sprains and all kinds of lameness
soon disappear when this efficient
pain-destroyer is rubbed in. Even
the tortures of rheumatism cease
when it is applied. 1t works as
quickly in cases of collie, cramp and
pain in the stomach or bowels. 1t
stops the pain-but that is not all. 1t
relieves and prevents Inflammation
heals and cures. Sold and warrant
ed by G. r. Fogg.
The independent-reporter. [volume] (Skowhegan, Me.) 1909-1955, 1914-06-25
.IACkM An

The Sisters of the Sacred Heart
Academy are having an addition of a
chapel domitory and recreation room
built on the academy for boys. The
school closed Wednesday.
Rev. Father Porrier who has been
assistant priest here for the past ten
months, has been called to Sanford,
Me, by Bishop Walsh. The parishion-
ers are very sorry to see him go.
Mrs. N. w. BARLEY and Maggie Eos
ter have gone to Sherbrook, p Q.
Several new autos have been pur-
chased in town.
Dr. A. j. Boothby was called to
Long Pond Sunday on a sick call
DR.. Kidder and wife were registered
at the Moose River House Sunday.
Peter Liberty had a good catch at
Long Pond Dam last week of a sal
mon weighing lbs. OF.
DR.. and Mrs. Z. D. Humphreys are
spending few weeks at their homes.
Mr.. and Mrs. Clarence BARLEY have
returned to Jackman to live.
Friends of Miss Ruth Moore will be
pleased to hear that she is on the gain.
Miss Della and Caroline Laurison
spent the week end with their sister
at Long Pond.
Miss Edith Fisher and Clifford
Young attended the graduation eXer-
cises at Greenville last week.
On Friday last 200 Italians arrived
in town to work on the new railroad.
Z. A. Piper has returned from his
trip to Novia Scotia.
Mrs. II. Stilwell is on the sick list.
The independent-reporter. [volume] (Skowhegan, Me.) 1909-1955, 1914-06-25
SKOWHEGAM 26..ATHENS
SCORED 5
Game Played at Athens Saturday.
Athens Team Started on in Good
Shape and Led for a Time

Skowhegan won a loosely played
game from Athens at Athens Satur-
day by score of rs to 5. Just be-
fore the game started il began TO rain
but ii soon cleared up and although
the wet field considerably hindered
the players during the early innings
Of the game the sun came out and put
the field in a good condition for play
ing Athens started OFF in good
shape scoring two runs and for a time
led, but it was not for long as Show
hogan got out their war clubs and
soon had the lead by good margin
Goodwin who pitched for Athens
was touched up rather freely but he
was mserably supported and no pitch
er can win a game without good sup
port He was hit safely twenty-four
times but this number of hits would
have been cut down at least one half
by good backing behind him. Lewis
was hit quite freely the first two inn
ings but soon settled down and aided
by good support was never in danger.
The features of the game were the
hitting of the entire Skowhegan team
Hunter leading with six hits out of
seven times at bat; Skowhegan's field
ing and the star playing of Athens
second baseman. The score:
Skow. 10 3 4 ) 1 3-26 "A 2
Athens .21O11o0 ) 6 T.
Batteries Skowhegan, Lewis and
Shumway. Athens-Goodwin and Fox.
Home run Dore. Three base hit,
Lewis. Two base hits, Lewis, Pooler,
Shumway, Emery. Stolen bases,
Pooler 4, Shumway 3, Green ,, Emery
,, f. Collins. Base on balls, off Lewis
3, off Goodwin 5. Passed balls, Fox
4. Umpire Butler Time 15o.
The independent-reporter. [volume] (Skowhegan, Me.) 1909-1955, 1914-06-25
SOTTH HARMONY

The Farmers Union held a meeting
at the home of VIM. Bailey, Wednes-
day evening, June IT,
Mrs Frank Whittier is gaining slow
ly. Vera Leighton is assisting her
with the work.
Mrs. C. w. Pierce and Mrs. Edith
Nichols of Portland returned to their
home Monday after a week end visit
with their sister Mrs. Jas. Irwin, also
their parents and other relatives at
Athens.
Mrs. James Grey has been indispos-
ed for a few days but is better at this
writing.
Delbert Butler and wife are work
ing for VIM. Smart.
We are glad to learn Jim MeCor-
rison is substitute mail carrier
We are sorry to learn that MIS-