davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-11-01
HOLLAND FACES DANGER FROM
BOTH ENGLAND AND GERMANY

pened thus far to mar he relations
between Holland and Germany, a coun-
try with which the former has a greater
amount of commercial intercourse than
with any other foreign nation. The
Kaiser includes among his many heredi-
tary dignities that OF Prince OF
Orange. which In Holland ia regarded
as the particular title of the heir ap
parent to the throne, and by virtue OF
his descent from n Princess of the
House OF Orange. that In to say, OF tho
dynasty now reigning in Holland, re-
cards himself as being in tho line OF
succession 90 the Dutch crown.
Queen Wilhelmina has in Duke Henry
OF Mecklenburs- Schwerin an intensely
Teuton husband to whom she IL de-
voted and who is on terms of the clos
est intimacy with the Kaiser. having
until his marriage made his home at
Potsdam az an officer of the Emperor's
Guards. Queen Wilhelminas widowed
mother. who administered the Govern
ment Of the Netherlands as Regent dur
ing the ten years OF her daughters
minority Is also a German Princess
and should anything untoward happen
20 Queen Wilhelmina's only child. little
Princess Juliana. her throne would pass
a. the Queens death to one or another
OF long list of Teuton Princes. For
| failing little Princess Juliana, all the
heirs to the Dutch throne are scion'
OF German royalty.
Partly by reason OF the German in
| hucnces which prevail at the court Of
/ The Hagnc; partly because they feel
| that Holland IL more dependent upon
| Germany. politically and economically
and more AT her mercy than at that OF
any other foreign Power: partly alsd
! because OF their racial tastes and in
cinations. the leading statesmen, poll.
/ ticlans and diRnitarics of the Dutch
/ realm have always been more pro.
/ German than ro-English or pro.
/ French. They have inclined much more
| toward Berlin than toward Paris oil
, London and have for q considerable,
time past shown disposition To defer
I to IA" views Of the Kaiser.
Emperor William has not been slov
to cultivate this disposition on theii
part and to take advantage thereof C
cajolr ard threaten them alternatelS
into complying with his behests. and
the result has been the formation OF 2
very strong party IN Holland which
submits TO his domination. Thus some
years ago tho Kaiser sent n letter tC
Queen Wihclmina urging that adequat,
measures should be adopted by Hol
land Tor ;hc defence. not OF her eastern
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-11-01
May Suffer Belgium Fate if She Ressts
the Kaiser or Lose Her East Indian
Empire if She Does Not

lished, that thres-quarters OF the i'm
ports that have reached the Neither.
lands since the end OF July have been
forwarded on TO Germany.
Those OF the lieges of Queen Wilhel-
nina who are too truthful to affrort
their conscicnccs by denying the i'm
parchment plead in excuse thereof that
their people are so situated that they
have no alternative but to satisfy the
demands Of Germany in tho matter.
dreading her resentment and vengeance
in the event Of their refusal. They
might have added that the Dutch mcr-
chants concerned are reaping fortunes
by thus transmitting foreign imports
reaching Holland on to Germany. and
that in some instances at any rate tho
patriotism for which the Dutch were
90 celebrated in the days of their wars
OF liberation from Spanish thraldom Is
tempered in this twentieth century by
a desire for personal gain and for the
turning OF not altogether honest
penny.
While the Dutch have always viewed
with apprehension the III concealed
manpuvres Of Germany to bring Hol-
land into the zollverein az one OF the
twenty sovereign states that 20 to
make up the confederation known as the
Empire of Germany, realizing that it
would involve the sacrifice ~ their
political and. above all. OF their eco
homie independence, and that their
commerce. now benefiting ny a free
trade tariff. would suffer grlvely II
forced 10 adopt the severely protect -
customs methods Of Germany. they
nevertheless lean To Germany rather
than to England and to France. They
cannot forget or forgive thai II was
France who compelled them to submit
10 the loss of Belgium In 1890.
And they are keenly alive To- the fact
that Great Britain has robbed them NJ
most of their colonial possessions mas
far outstripped them in the race for
oversee dominion and has contributed
in n, small degree To the reduction eft
Holland to n maritime power of second
! or third rate importance At the time
of the South African war fourteen year,
ago, the Dutch were so pronounced In
their sympathy COR their kinymen. tn,
/ Beers and so violent IN their nntaronisn
t. everything British rs p'mns; - Iced
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-11-01

IN keeping up their households every
officer is permitted to keep one or more
dicnshiks. "A dJenshik Is "A soldier who
serves his superior officer. without pay,
in return for his board and lodging)
The majority of Russian officers are
very generous to their servants. gentr-
ally giving them pocket money and
presents, AZ n rule the men prefer 10
serve their officers, particularly when
the latter are popular. IL relieves them
from the trying and monotonous duty
Of living in barracks and eating soldiers
fare, which, although plentiful and
nCurishing, Is very rough and simple.
Under the influence Of his superior
officer, the dienshk often becomes more
refined than his companions ana nc
qurcs a taste for reading ana the
pleasures Of life. In his dress and
habits he becomes clean and neat, and
gains some knowledge of town life
ana foreign countries which he relates
To an astOuished village on his return.
As IA rule tho relations between officers
and their subordinates are quite pa
tcrnai, and an officer when addressing n
soldier calls him little brother"
friend" little pigeon" and the soldier
in return calls his commanding officer
little father" or brother"
Russian officers of all ranks are far
more sociable and less reserved than
those OF other nations. In fact ! have
( frequently seen simple soldier APP
preach a colonel or general and ask him
for light or some small favor as n
matter OF course. The soldiers have
oven niCknames for their favorite offt-
GERS. whom they regard as friends, ad-
visers and in loco parents.
/ An officer IL supposed to know every
! hcGy ana to he a kind of walking ency-
| clopHdia or Enquire within" for
( everything, very similar to our old
country parsons. II a soldiers wife has
twins, II the mare has foaled, or II the
children have tho measles the officer Is
! consulted in all seriousness and his ad-
vice is taken, although he may be as
/ ignorant as the soldier who consults
/ him regarding the happy or unfortunate
occurrence. Officers frequently laugh
and Joke with their men and call them
molodzle tbucks) and tovoratza (com-
radcs). Tho simple Russian private
would never dream OF taking a liberty
or being unduly familiar in return fos
this friendlness; for an officer Ia alwafs
an officer In the eyes Of the soldier also
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-11-01

BARN (gcntleman) whether familiar.
intoxicated or sober. The officer Is
ohrazovnnne teducated), man or cul-
ture. while the private himself liz ne
gramotne mot educated. ignorant OF the
art OF reading and writing). In the
Russian army and also in the Russian
classes generally all men are brothers
In n different way from that in which
any other country regards its people.
when duty and work are over social
and class distinctions are allowed TO
sink into background for the time
being.
These peculiar patriarchal relations
between oftic~rs and men are admirably
exempllfied by the following incident
which was related to me during the
siege of Plevna when | happened to
be in Russia. After losing AT the rate
OF is 900 men a day In storming the
almost impregnsble position OF the
Turks some OF the soldiers OF the
guards began 10 be slack In advancing
TO the attack. which meant certain
death TO other thousa nds. An officer
OF the guards Observing this hesitation
| among his men. galloped up TO his regl-
ment, and thus addressed them: SHANE
on you lads. What have YOU to lose
! in comparison with me? You will lose
your black bread, cabbage and chlopee
| lbugS) whereas I have a beautiful wife,
children. money houses and a palace.
Then follow me. lads. do not fear tho
Turks" This rough exhortation pleased
the soldiers; again they rushed to the
attack with their brave officer and did
not stop until they had taken the re-
doubts.
The majority Of the soldiers are un-
married az early marriages are not en-.
| couraged nv the authorities. During
the term OF service the soldier has &c
take his place In the line But the
paterfamilias, the head OF every peas
ant household. frequently compels his
young sons to marry the strongest ant
most buXom village lasses he can find;
for strength and n capacity for hare
work are the qualities chiefly sough
ny the father in choosing a helpmat,
FOR his sons. The latter are not CON
suited In tho least young men arc no
considered capable Of selecting n suit
able wife. During the sons absence
the "soldatka," the soldiers wife, Otter
has a very hard time of II with hel
father. in-law. And there is another
point, a. the Russian peasant woman
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-11-01

Y VERY few people IN America know
" much about The intimate lie OK
tho Russian soldier. For that
reason a hook Just published By
he George II. Duran Company, called
The Russian Army From within
comes almost In the nature OF Il reveal
zion. II was written by an English
man. ". Barnes Steveni, who lived for
| quarter OF a century in Russia and
writes Of her soldiers with first hand
knowledge
a. regards physique, says Mr.. Ste
vcni the Russian soldier on the whole
= very fine indeed, / should say that
IN the average he Is not so tall az the
English soldier. but il larger boned and
broader cheSted. Although he is harder
;han the average Rritsher. he IL physI-
ally not so strong, energetic or active,
mainly owing TO the wretched quality
IF the food supplied him. Officially,
Ivan IvanoVitch Is supposed 20 get more
than most other nations but in practice
his does not work out,
The standard in Russia, as regards
height for military service Is very low
Ompared with our own. 1t begins at
ave feet for infantry and five feet three
inches for cavalry This is surprising,
or very many tall men are to be found
A Russia. especially among the Lithu-
nnians, the Little Russians, the Cos
sacks, the Siberians and the Tatars,
many of whom are over six feet. But
he typical Russian. the backbone OF the
| lrmy, az have before observed, IL not
| 4 tall man, he il of medium size il'shy
ana thlcltly built when Uure and IN
mixed with Tatar blood, H. - not un-
| ike many OF Tho men have seen IN the
] north and east Of England. In some
II the northern governments and n ihe
| Baltic provinces where there is n
| strong infusion Of scandinavian blood
he resemblance TO ;hc fair 'lldy Eng
| 'shman OF the cast coast a sill more
striking. Tn" conquest ~ N" peoplo
IN the Middle Ages hy the savage Ia
tars and Mnnrols frOm Aein hoe, bow
ever modified tho aupo0rancn o' wei
~ the character ~ % 'rH' ',ti'n Of
| the population, rhy.i.li IL 'rivrl'ior
s. particularly oh2orNoul. "a the Vrcat
| manufacturing cCntrs where NOR
| Table to serve are fr usrn'.v reiccte ed
In the country districts the proportion
v men rejected by the military doctors
g. comparatively speaking, very small
other causes OF deterioration are th'
dreadful famlnes and epidemics. The
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-11-01

Is amative and not over Chaste, II not
infrcquenRly happens that there is an
addition TO the family during the hus-
bands term of service. II the little
stranger IL n boy. all goes well; II does
not matter for the more boys there are
the more land there will he for each
household when the communal property
In redistributed But II the new arrival
IN a girl there is trouble, for girls are
not wanted. The land IL distributed
according to the number OF souls, and
as women are supposed 10 have only
"vapOr" (par) and not a soul. and can
neither do n mans work In the fields
nor serve in the army. Mo share is al
lotted TO them. Generally, however, the
husband Is foreiving and good natured,
and makes every allowance for the
frailty of his women folk, saving in ef-
feet, why should ! be so hard on a
weak womanl?"
The COssacks. who have Tatar, Turk
and Gothic blood in their veins. are not
80 easygoing, If | can credit some anec-
dotcs l heard concerning their treat
ment OF women after the last Turkish
war The Russian soldier Is simply a
"child OF nature" as a Russian General
OF my acquaintance remarked, He Is
easily amused and easily satisfied, FOL
/ his wants have been reduced to the min
| num. Give him few ounces OF
"machorka"--a coarse black tobacco
grown In Little Russia-a Concertina
an old newspaper to use as cigarette
paper ana he IL as happy as king
| If YOU can add to these Injuries small
bottle OF vodka "a "Witotchka," 50
named jolingly after the Minister q
Finance who first ordered vodka to h,
sold In these small bottles) costing five
pence, he is then supremely favored
Inspired by the fiery spirit, hi
| own spirits rise In proportion, an'
he shows his overpowerinE delight II
dancing fast and furiously, certainly
with more ability than grace, the kan
arinska" or some other ravorite meas
ure.' He IL passionately fond of sing
ing and spends long hours alone com
posing ard imprOvsing plaintiye song
In praise Of his sweetheart, his village
his horse or even his favorite general
he has one. Wherever | have wandere,
through the Russian Empire ! hev
met the sturdy gray coated fellow
marching and singing. In the steer
rocky defles of the Caucasus, on tn
| Continued on Seventh Page.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-11-01
Err glishmans Impression Of the Russian From Within

absence Of doctors and the consequent
spread Of disease has much TO do with
the impaired physique Of a large por-
ton of the people. III" .mmoderate use
OF Nuukit "a spirit distilled from rye, IS
one cause Of the sickness. poverty and
physical and moral retrogresssnn among
the peasantry and the soldiers Of all
classes. ON the whole however, the
Russians are a strong and hardy people,
mainly because the conditions of life
are so severe.
As the majority OF thc peasants are
practically vcRetarians it is not an ex-
pensive business to feed the Russian
army. The soldiers diet mostly con
sIsts OF cabbage soup, porridge, potatoes
peas. beans, good Wholesome rye bread,
macaroni, garlic fish lard and various
daintios cooked I'm sunlowcr seed oil.
on feast days and holidays they are
plentifully supplied with vodka. usually
at the officers expense, for like their
men the Russian officers are fond OF
liquor and extremely hospltablc. As n
rule the men only have half pound of
meat day and about three pounds OF
black bread, which Is almost NJ nour-
ishing AZ meat, and, I believe. far more
wholesome. Moreover, II has been OBJ
served that men who are moderate CON
sumers Of meat and vodka recover from
their wounds SCORER 'hHn those who eat
much ncsh. ono or the Crcat faults OF
tha Russian army i 'ts uoorlv maraGcd
comm 5Gariat. which durlrg the Turkish
and RussD-Japaneso wars Caus Il the
loss OF many thousands OF men. soldiers
who I. turned from this war STATE that
they had 10 subsiat on mag21ty biscuits
and beans, while thousands OF horses
died for want ~ provcudor. hft'r the
war 'vGs over fNer" was n good deal n!
hou,iuy uf unfortunate wish Curtrac-
tnre, Ia. the greater Culpri's were al
low Il to 90 fr. So long as the Rus
! slln Government persists IN the cues
! tionnh,o practice Of paving Ia officials
ana public servant, about half the
w145s due 10 them this cv'' will never
b. cradicatod. II Is gratifying 10 know
that Every yea" ~ the poop.c bocom,
more onlichtcncl tho taking Of bribc'
is becoming moro rare.
The nay ot officers usually averages
from e. to flo a month, according q
the standing OF the regiment, The sal
ary OF general Is not eNtravRgant, an'
varies from 1900 TO $500 year, II
order to lessen the expenditure incurred
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-11-01

Liege. and thus to Illustrate the kaisers
project OF reaching Paris, via Belgium
before either France or Great Britain
was ready to take the field. They have
devoted themselves too entirely to the
promotion OF their trade and commerce
to leave them any time to cultivate the
art OF war.
II Germany Wishes to violate their
neutrality they will have TO Yield. no
matter how reluctant. and TO comply
with all the Kaiser's demands, even to
the extent of placing Rotterdam at his
disposal for the despatch of his troops
to England. Emperor William is thor
oughly aware Of this. and since he cam
not use Antwerp as base for his oper-
atoms against Great Britain without
violating the neutrality Of Holland, and
the execution OF his plans for the in
vasion Of the United Kingdom depends
thereon, the fate OF the Netherlands
may 10 considered as In a measure
sealed.
II any doubt remained az to what the
attitude OF the Dutch will be when
called upon to defer TO the demands Of
Emperor william. under the penalty of
sharing the fate of the ncIshborirg
hlukubih VI Dub 4ll Nho NN'llA va IT,
fusal II would be set at rest by the
manner in which they have lent them
selves TO the importation OF foodstuffs
and all sorts OF other sorely needed sup
plies. including even copper into Ger
many, in defiance Of the spirit and OF
! the letter OF thu Obligations incumbent
/ upon Holland as a neutral Power. Great
| Britain has been reluctant to stop YES
sells conveying freight from one neutral
| port to another. and in tho case OF ships
! flying a neutral flag and bound for
! Dutch ports has been content with sol
/ emn pledges on the part OF the masters
: and the owners of the ships and of the
! shippers that the freight was destined
! exclusively for Dutch consumption and
not for transmission to Germany, that
is TO say. to Englands enemy.
| That these pledges have been broken
/ in the most fragrant manner is manifest
from the fact that foreign imports into
I Holland have quadrupled, and in some
cases increased tenfold. since the begin.
ming Of the war In the first week OF An.
gust last. In fact the imports into Ho!.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-11-01

was not comprised in the original
scheme Of the Dutch In the defences Of
their coast II is indeed superfuous
aud altogether useless for any such pur-
pose. Its only use would have been ("
prevent the Euglish or the French from
obtaining access to Antwerp from the
sea hy the Sch,ldL
Belgium protested in vain against the
construction ui The fort as conSutuunE
a menace to the navigation of her 'hip-
ping and as an injury To her soN'r-
eighty. being backed M in the maticl
by Great Brtdin aud France. But he
circumstances remained unheedcd an'
the fortress * wei, nigh completed al
though the present war broke out ne
fore the l[rupp guns which had pee
ordered for its armament could be pui
in place This omission viii Doubtless
now bN repaired in short order lndc'"
as soon AZ ever the Kaiser consider
that the moment ha, come 10 take tenn
porary possession OF part or Of all o'
tho Netherlands I'm ord To enable the
execution Of his plans for the invasion
Of England
1t must not he forgotten that within
the past twelve months the Dutch GOV
eminent permitted tn great German
iron master and ship builder Thysscn,
the principal rival uf krupp in GER
many. To acquire AT Nlaardingen. on the
New Waterway, an immense tract ~
land for IN. construction OF a harhor
and docks capable Of accommodaunc
drcadNoughts and with everything
requisite for naval station, whence
the important harhor and seaport OF
Rotterdam could he controlled. Then
too Holland has concluded an agree
mrnt with Germany relating to tho CON
struction and laying Of cables In Far
Eastern waters, which has the effect of
entirely suborinating the thcrhnds
| to the German Government in tho mat
/ ter Of her Geographic connections with
her rich East indian empire.
There Is indeed no end 10 the facts
Of a similar character which I could
| mention here in order to show the hold
which the Kaiser has managed 10 oh
! tain upon Holland, thanks to her favor
ite policy of allowing things to slide In
compliance with that old French say
ing. according to which 20 moins pre-
voyant est touiours lie plus sag'." II 's
a pity. however that the Dutch could
not have shown more prcyoyancc, ana
above all more Independence, in IN n
relations with the Kaiser.
For in his conflict with England they
are bound to suffer, no matter whether
II is Great Britain or Germany that
ultimately wins Indeed they az"
likely Ia realize the truth Of that odd
Dutch provorb which warns people
against the eating Of cherries with tho
great and mighty, who are wont 20 pick
ont the best, and by way Of cnlivcning
the repast, to hlhp tho stones NJ the
noses 81 the weaker, who In this In
stance will bc the Dutch,
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-11-01

take in hand the construction OF the
Dutch coast defences herself. which
would entail a conditional military &C.
cupation OF Dutch territory.
The existence OF this letter, which
was revealed by Baron Won Heeckeren,
a minister plenipotentiary In the diplo-
matte service of Holland, formed the
subject Of number OF acrimonious de-
hates in both chambers OF the states
General at The Hague IN 1909, and the
cabinet found Itself unable to give any
definite or explicit denial Of the fact
that any such letter had been received
by the Queen. contenting themselves
with a declaration that they had not
actually seen It. That tho letter did
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-11-01

exist In best shown by the fact that a
few months later the Dutch Parlia-
ment I'm obedience to the directions OF
the Kaiser contained I'm the missive "a
Queen wihelmina voted for Holland
the very large sum OF siO,OOOOOO for
the construction of the coast defenccs
demanded by the Emperor
Subsequently, and as the result OF
negotiations with Berlin the Dutch
Government decided to devote the pr.n-
Cipal portion OF the money to the recon-
struction of the ruined fort at the mouth
of the Scheldt Mt Flushing To convert
It into great maritime stronghold
equipped with Krupp guns of the
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-11-01

land In neutral bottoms during that
period have been 50 very far In excess
Of the needs Of the Dutch for their own
consumption that they furnish neon
trovertible evidence OF the truth of the
charge, also otherwise definitely estab-
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-11-01

England to break or dip omatlc relh-
tons with the Netherlands. and the
bitterness which then prevailed in Hol-
land against England has never been
wholly ohliterated 10 this day.
On the other hand, nothing has hap
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-11-01
ny r.. CUNLIFrE-OwEN

- ERMANY'S long threatened inva-
sion Of England IL now about to
~ he attempted The Kaiser, his
naval and military dignitaries
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-11-01

Comfiuued on Seventh Page.
The Idaho recorder. [volume] (Salmon City, Idaho) 1886-1927, 1914-11-05
DEATH OF
MRS. HANKS

Mrs, Augusta Hank passed away &c
her home east 81 town last Friday.
She has been a patient .sntferer for
many months from that dread dis.
ease cancer OF the stomach.
Mrs Hank was horn ia Germany
June y, 1857. Sbo caI0e to the
United STATES In lSa- and lived two
years Ia Nabaska She removed 10
Lemhi county in 1884 and has since
resided hete She was THE beloved
wife of Herman Hanks, who with
four ehildrea and sis grandchildren,
are lett to moura the loss Of good
sile aud loving mother.
The funeral services were aeld
from the Presbyterian church Mnn-
day afternoon az 3 O'Clock. conducted
by Rev Quist large number Of
friends and ueighbors paid their
last tribute Of respect TO This good
woman.