davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Polk County news-gazette. (Benton, Tenn.) 190?-191?, 1914-07-02
Mexican DELEGATES to Mediate.

Niagara Falls, Ont.-Through the in
vitation of the United States govern
ment and the good Offices of the three
South American mediators, represen-
tatives of the two warning factions in
Mexico-the Constitutionalists and
the Huerta government-soon will be
brought face to face in an informal
conference, distinct from the media
ton proceedings.
Polk County news-gazette. (Benton, Tenn.) 190?-191?, 1914-07-02
Turkey Enters Formal Protes.

Washington.-With the Turkish gov
eminent formally protesting against
the proposed sale of the American bat
tleships Mississippi and Idaho to
Greece. rumblings of war between
these two nations was heard.
Polk County news-gazette. (Benton, Tenn.) 190?-191?, 1914-07-02
OPPOSE CHILD LABOR
American Medical Association Goes
on Record.

American Medical Association Goes
on Record.
Atlantic City, N. jim line with the
general movement for the uplift of
humanity which has been crystalizing
among the 41,000 members of the
American Medical Association during
the past few years and which assumed
definite form during the medical con-
gress in session here, the house of
delegates, in which is ceDtered the
administrative functions of the body,
went on record as opposed to the evils
of child labor. Resolutions deploring
the conditions under which many
thousands of children labor were sub
mitted by DR.. Henry B. Favill of Chi
cago, chairman Of the council on
health, and public instruction, and
they we're unanimously adopted. a.
Polk County news-gazette. (Benton, Tenn.) 190?-191?, 1914-07-02
Heopsr Attends Meeting.

4
The Republican state committee met
here and gave the candidacy u Judge
5. e. Williams for supreme court and
W. G.. Sadler for railroad commits
sioner enthusiastic Endorsement In
the case OF Mr.. Sadler the state con-
yention authorized the state commit
tee TO either nominate or indorse a
/ candidate for railroad commissioner
4 and upon motion of Senator Newell
/ Sanders Of Chattanooga, holding the
proxy of W. S. Raulston, Mr.. Sadler,
the nominee Of the independent Demo
cratic convention, was unanimously in
/ dorsed and the chairman was author
/ lied to appoint a committee to draw
up appropriate resolutions to this ef-
| feet. The Republican state conven-
ton had already Endorsed Judge Viii
liams, but the state committee re-
newed its allegiance to the judge OF
the supreme court, and many speeches
were made, urging a thorough, COM
pact organization among the Repub-
licans of East tennessee for him.
Gov. hooper was present and was
called upon for an address. He said
that all the resources must at present
be centered upon the judicial fight in
August, and predicted that East Ten
nessee would roll up tremendous ma
jority for Williams.
Gov Hooper said to the committee
that he thought it best that he be
authorized to appoint a campaign COM
mittee to assist the state committee
in the November fight.
Il do not know that shall want to
appoint such committee" said the
governor, but in case l should deem
it necessary ! would like to be en-
powered to do So"
Upon motion of Harry True of Mem |
phis, the committee unanimously EN- |
powered the governor to do this. The |
following members were appointed |
upon the committee to draw up the |
Sadler resolutions: Newell Sanders, R.
E. Thompson and w. F. Arnold.
Chairman Beasley called upon all
the members of the committee for re-
ports as to the conditions in their re-
spective districts, and the reports were
glowing. All were of the opinion that
Williams and Hooper would both re-
ceive considerably larger majorities in
all parts of East Tennessee than did
Gov Hooper in 1912.
The Sadler committee later reported
resolutions enthusiastically indorsing
Mr.. Sadler, and pledging him the sup
port of the Republican organization.
The following were present:
First District-Geo. l.. Zirkle, proxy
held by A. L. Garrison; j. A. Thomp-
son.
Second District-W. B. Disney, Gin
ON, and J. T. Moore, Jellico.
Third District-W. S.. Raulston,
proxy held by Newell Sanders; ]. Will ,
Taylor, Cave. :
Fourth District-George P. Burnett, :
and Robert w. Thompson,
vt. juliet.
Fifth Dtst~tse+-John E. Conger,
'mithville, and G. S. Smith, proxy held r
" A. V. Mclean r
Sixth District-Harry Luck. .
Seventh District-E. q. Hickman, q
'ulaski and c. S. Mount, proxy held /
y J. c. White. U
Eighth District-O. H. Sullivan, b
amden, proxy held by George T. Rem .
70, and w. F. Arnold, Jackson. y
Ninth District-W. E. Pate, Martin, a
nd W. E. Hay. Humboldt. e
Tenth District-H. o. True, Mem.
his.
Polk County news-gazette. (Benton, Tenn.) 190?-191?, 1914-07-02
SUNDAY school conventIon-

Chicago. Add a million a year to
the Sunday school rolls" is the slo-
gan of the 400 delegates to the In.
Sunday School association
convention, who are here for the for.
NAL opening of the convention.
Polk County news-gazette. (Benton, Tenn.) 190?-191?, 1914-07-02

New Orleans.-Following the death
of Charles Lundene, whose malady
was diagnosed as bubonic plague, and
the discovery of second case, Gov
ernor Hall of Louisiana, Mayor Behr-
man of New Orleans, members of the
legislature and health authorities went
into conference to determine upon the
methods to be employed by the city
and state in stamping out the disease
Polk County news-gazette. (Benton, Tenn.) 190?-191?, 1914-07-02
Appeal for Better Prices.

NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. tobacco grow
ers representing the farmers union in
the state, appealed for relief from low
prices to the joint house and senate
commission created some time ago to
investigate the tobacco industry,
Polk County news-gazette. (Benton, Tenn.) 190?-191?, 1914-07-02
snininn at U. s. Soldiers,

Westinghouse reports OF
sniping by Mexican federals on the
American outposts at Vera Cruz and
rumors of Constitutionalist further ad-
vances toward Mexico City, served to
stir interest in the Mexican situation.
Polk County news-gazette. (Benton, Tenn.) 190?-191?, 1914-07-02
siIIiman Returns to Port.

Mexico City.-The Mexican govern.
ment gave permission for John E. Sill.
liman, vice consul at Saltillo, to re-
turn to his post. This was in re-
spouse to a request made by the Bra
lillian minister at the instance of the
Washington state department.
Polk County news-gazette. (Benton, Tenn.) 190?-191?, 1914-07-02
Lorimer Bank Was shaky.

Chicago.-The LaSalle Street Ma
tional bank, predecessor of the recent
ly defunct LaSalle Street Trust and
Savings bank, controlled by William
Lorimer and C. B. Munday, was shaky
three years ago, according to a report
made public by James H. Wilkerson,
United States district attorney.
Polk County news-gazette. (Benton, Tenn.) 190?-191?, 1914-07-02
CLAIMS FOR MILLIONS
Filed Against Railroads Following the
Supreme Court Decision.

Filed Against Railroads Following the
Supreme Court Decision.
Washington. - Seventeen railway
companies, which constitute transton-
tinental freight routes, are liable, un-
der the decision of the United States
Supreme court, in the so-called inter
mountain cases, for millions in repa-
ration of shipments made since the in
stitution of the cases. The precise
amount involved in claims already
filed with the interstate commerce
commission approximates $12,000,000
One batch aggregates more than ST.
100000. Scores of cases, involving
amounts ranging from a few hundred
dollars to hundreds of thousands, have
been filed by individual shippers and
by commercial and shippers organiza-
tons acting for their members.
Polk County news-gazette. (Benton, Tenn.) 190?-191?, 1914-07-02
Never Had an Accident.

New York-Dennis ]. Cassin, who
has served the New York Central for
fifty years as engineer without an ac-
cident, is about to retire because of
the encroachment of the electric en-
gines.
Polk County news-gazette. (Benton, Tenn.) 190?-191?, 1914-07-02
sulzer Democrats Reorqanize.

Rochester, N. Y.-Sulzer Democrats,
representing sixteen counties of west
ern New York, met here to organize
an "anti-Tammany Democratic League
of New York state" to take the first
steps in naming a provisional state
committee and to consider the selec-
ton of an entire state ticket for the
Democratic primaries.
Polk County news-gazette. (Benton, Tenn.) 190?-191?, 1914-07-02
COMMISSION is UPHELD
Authority in Long and Short Haul
Rates Sustained.

Washington.-The interstate COM
merce commissions so-called inter
mountain rate orders were sustained
as valid by the Supreme court, which
held, at the same time, that the long
and short haul clause of the inter
state commerce law was constitutions
al. Both had been attacked by trans
continental railroads.
Polk County news-gazette. (Benton, Tenn.) 190?-191?, 1914-07-02
CARRANzA MAY
Join MEDIATORS
Belief IS Expressed In Washington That
Rebel Chief viii Be
Represented.
VILLA DISPUTE REOPENED
Rebel Officer Is censured for Deny
ing His Recent Activity Against
carranza Appointees.

Representative of the
Mexican Constitutionalists IN Wash
ington expressed confident hopes that
General Carranza would accept the in
vitation of the South American media
tors to participate in informal con
ferences to compose the internal af.
fairs of Mexico.
Whether General Carranza would
accept the invitation, however, still
remained an open question, despite the
fact that some of his agents here had
telegraphed him at Monterey for a
definite answer.
Carranza-ViIIa Dispute.
Ell Paso. Texas.-Discussio of the
Carranza-Villa estrangement was re
opened by Roberto Presqueira, conf
dental agent for the Constitutionalists
here. He gave out the text of a tele-
gram in a series of communications
with General Villa, in which he criti-
cised the northern military zone COM
mander for denying the arrests by his
troops of national Constituencies
officials at Juarez and the confiscation
of national treasury funds there.
Polk County news-gazette. (Benton, Tenn.) 190?-191?, 1914-07-02
Prnnress Is Rather Slow

Washington.-After ten days consid
Grafton of the Clayton antitrust bill
passed by the house, the senate judi
ciary committee apparently was no
nearer a conclusion as to what it shall
report to the senate than it was the
day it took its first look at the meas
ure
Polk County news-gazette. (Benton, Tenn.) 190?-191?, 1914-07-02
Foreign Powers Threaten Haiti.

Washington.-New has reached
Washington from unofficial sources
that France and Germany have warned
Haiti that her custom houses will be
seized unless arrangements are made
to meet the outstanding Haitien fnan-
cial obligations.
Polk County news-gazette. (Benton, Tenn.) 190?-191?, 1914-07-02
Naval Plant Stores DESTROYED.

Bronson, Fla.-Fire destroyed the ].
l.. Medlin companys naval stores
plant, eight miles north of here, to-
gether with 40 barrels of crude turpen-
tine, 100 barrels of rosin and bar
rels of distilled spirits of turpentine.
Polk County news-gazette. (Benton, Tenn.) 190?-191?, 1914-07-02
Months Leave for Sailors,

New York.-officers and men Of the
battleship Utah, sunburned by their
long stay in Mexican waters, attracted
much attention in the streets. Each
officer and man will get a months
leave.
Polk County news-gazette. (Benton, Tenn.) 190?-191?, 1914-07-02
Bank Evidence Disappears

Chicago. Disappearance from the
office Of James j. Brady, state audi
tor of documentary evidence bearing
on the failure Of the LaSalle Street
Trust and Savings banks, was re-
ported.
Polk County news-gazette. (Benton, Tenn.) 190?-191?, 1914-07-02
Railroad Wins Big Suit.

Washington.-Title of trans-conti-
mental railroads to some $7O0O00,000
worth of petroleum land as against
other private claimants was upheld by
the Supreme court in a test suit that
was brought by Edmund Burke.
Polk County news-gazette. (Benton, Tenn.) 190?-191?, 1914-07-02
Millions for u. s Indians

Washington The senate passed the
Indian appropriation bill carrying
about $12,OO0,00O. The sundry, civil,
general deficiency and rivers and har-
bors appropriation bills are the only
supply measures left for senate action.
Polk County news-gazette. (Benton, Tenn.) 190?-191?, 1914-07-02
shln Grounded in a Zoe.

londonderry. a fog and rain
that rendered Tory island invisible
from the mainland, the Anchor line
steamer California, New York for
Glasgow, went ashore on the rocks
off that island.
Polk County news-gazette. (Benton, Tenn.) 190?-191?, 1914-07-02
France Birth Rate Decreases.

Paris.-In France SIP fewer ba-
bies were born in 1913 than in 1912,
according to official figures just made
public. This is the lowest birth rate
ever recorded in the country except
in 1911.
Polk County news-gazette. (Benton, Tenn.) 190?-191?, 1914-07-02
May Be Named eaiIlard Cut.

Washington.-A proposal to rename
Culebra cut Gaillard cut in honor of
the late Col David DUB. Gaillard, the
army engineer, was laid before Pres
ident Wilson by Representative Fin
ley OF South Carolina.
Polk County news-gazette. (Benton, Tenn.) 190?-191?, 1914-07-02
Institute at Jackson.

The West Tennessee institute for
public school teachers opened at the
jackson high school building. Super
intandent r. l.. Bynum, Of the Jackson
schools, is conductor and is being as
sisted by an efficient corps of teach
ers.
Polk County news-gazette. (Benton, Tenn.) 190?-191?, 1914-07-02
rradesmen Turn Farm Hands.

Hoxie, Kan.-The men of Hoxie went
to the wheat fields when delegation
of farmers came into town lamenting
that harvest hands imported from the
east had quit because of the heat
Polk County news-gazette. (Benton, Tenn.) 190?-191?, 1914-07-02
American Sailors in Italy.

Naples, ltaly-The American bat
tleships Missouri and Idaho, with
large number of miI1shipmen from
the naval academy at Annapolis on
board, arrived here
Polk County news-gazette. (Benton, Tenn.) 190?-191?, 1914-07-02
Many Killed In Earthquake.

Batavia, Java.-Many were killed or
injured in an earthquake which caused
damage in southern Su-
matra. Many buildings collapsed at
the capital, and Telegraph
Polk County news-gazette. (Benton, Tenn.) 190?-191?, 1914-07-02
Restaurant Robbed.

The restaurant at the M. g. o. shop
gate on Chester street, Jackson, owned
by Ben Rogers, was burglarized, two
robbers getting away with $40, which
they took from the cash drawer.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1914-05-24

The Fourteenth Annual Trade Elk
cursion of the Merchants and Manu-
facturers' association of Milwaukee,
under the auspices of the Manufac-
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1914-05-24

turers and Jobbers' committee Of that
organization, will take place during
the first three weeks of June. /,
Bismarck Is included in the timer.
airy. Seventy.eight of the prominent
bankers, wholesalers and manufacture
ers Of the metropolis Of Wisconsin
will be In our city on June 2, from
I7:15 p. M. until 1890 a. m, June 8.
Suggest Ever Tried.
The excursion of the Merchants
and Manufacturers association will
this year be the most pretenti0us and
complete booster trip ever undertak.
en- by this organization. Among the
members Of the excursion. party will
be the Hon. G. A. Bading, Mayor of
the City of Milwaukee.
Magnificent Train.
The train will be the most modern
and approved in railway equipment
and will be solid, electric lighted, YES
tibuled, of all steel construction, con-
sisting Of four compartment Pullman,
sleeping cars, buffet, observation, din
ing. baggage and dynamo cars. The
train will be fully equipped with tele.
phone exchange and service will be
provided at all cities where the stop
exceeds one hour.
Represent BIG Concerns.
The men who will form this party
will be made up principally Of the
heads Of manufacturing establish.
ments, jobbing houses and financial
institutions, the idea of this annual
excursion being to cement more close
ly the business and personal relations
between merchants of theAcities Wis
tied and those of Milwaukee, the
members of the party being DESTROYS
to learn as much as possible Of the
local industries and advantages of
the cities visited.
Newspapers Represented.
The leading Milwaukee papers will
have representatives on the train,
who will write up the stops made at
each city and will thus afford an Ell
cellent opportunity for mutual public
ity. The Milwaukee men will appre-
ciate thoroughly the opportunity to
meet the representative business men
Of each city visited, to learn what
each city has to offer in natural re-
sources and its leading lines Of man
u%facture; also, to establish a COM
munity of interest between the state
OF Wisconsin and the states and cit
les lying to the west. They wish 1t
understood that they come to receive,
as we'll as to furnish, information,
that this trip is intended to be a re.
ciprocal affair of advantage both to
the visitors and to the places visited.
Enter Much New Territory.
The 1914 excursion, instead of be.
ing limited. as heretofore, to Wis.
consin or the adjoining states, will
open up a new1departure in trade pro-
motion tours and will cover the ter
ritOry between Milwaukee and the
North Pacific Coast. The party will
travel yer the Northern Pacific right
of way to Seattle, and from Ogden To
Omaha over the Union Pacific.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1914-05-24

saturdays Games.
r.. II. E.
St, Paul J. |. D 90 900 ooo-2 6 3
Cleveland Zoo OH O1+-4 Z /
u, Battssies- lHl''lssl and Glen; George
Enpires-Murray and tombstone.
r. ii. Z.
Milwaukee 90 900 III 01-5 4 /
Columbus 90 003 1000 O0-4 10 Q
Batteries-Powell and Hughes;
Humphreys and Smith.
n NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. and Irwin.
r. Fl. E
Kansas City,: 0s2 100 Ooo-9 9 3
Louisville -. 100 100 3OO-5 IS 3
Batteries-Regsn3 and Moore; wood
burn and Severaid.S
Umpires -Westervelt and O'Brien.
~ r. H. E.
Minneapolis .020 O61 010-10 ~ l
Indianapolis. 1903 900 000-5 q 2
Batteries-Hogue and Randeaa;
Mirz and Livingtene.
Y Ump.res-Owens and Connolly.
"a "
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1914-05-24

western part of the state as we'll as
in other sections of the same. The
petitions will be filed with the secre.
tary of state today and Mr.. Christian.
sons name will go on the official bal
lot together with that of Judge B. +.
Spaulding, the present incumbent,
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1914-05-24
FOR SUPREME BENCH

Minot, N. D, May 23.-Hon. A. NJ.
Christianson of Towner, today an
nounced his candidacy for the office.
Of supreme Judge at the June primar-
les. His petitions have been ~circulat-
ed and generously signed in the north
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1914-05-24
STANDING OF THE TEAMS

Saturdays Games.
II. H. E..
Philadelphia. ..1O1 900 0OO-2 6 1
Pittsburgh -. 2O3 OO2 O0'-7 10 0
Observation-Disclosures and Doom;
McQuillan and Gibson.
Umpires-Rigler and Emslie.,
r. H. E.
New York :. O10 002 OOO-3 II 2
st. Louis 49,. O22 900 OO+-4 8 1
Observation-Disclosures and Meyers;
ISallee and Snyder.
Umpires-East0n and Quigley.
r. H. r.
Boston -. 600 900 100 s 3
Chicago $500. 90 900 O01-2 6 3
Batteries-Rudalph and Gowdy;
Lavender and BresnOhan.
Umpires-Klem and Hart.
r. H. =.
Brooklyn 49,. 900 O02 O1O-3 6 1
Cincinnati -. 500 900 800 IL Is 2
Batteries-Reulback and Fisher;
Ames and Clark.
Ump;les-Orth and Byron.
---- -t-
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1914-05-24


+ AMERICAN LEAGUE. =
*$$$$*$
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1914-05-24
PANAMA ROAD
IS CROWDED
MEXICAN SITUATION CAUSES
CONGESTION OF TRAFFIC
ACROSS THE ISTHMUS
FORM 4 COLONY CLUB
Private Ball of Company B,
Is Still Reported as
Missing.

PANAMA, May 23.-Stoppage Of the
Tehuantepec railway route across
Mexico has so increased traffic across
the lsthmus of Panama that the pana.
ma railroad is almost unable to cope
with the situation. Practically every
car the railroad owns is in service and
still mountains of freight at the ter.
minals show n osigns Of diminutiOn,
Several large freighters are seer daily
at anchor in the Pacific rOadstead of
Balboa waiting for a chance to get to
the wharf to unload their carg0es
that are destined finally to reach New
York and other eastern United States
ports.
Canx Get Away.
At the time the route across Mexico
was interrupted there were several
ships unloading in the Dor at Salina
Cruz. Every effort was made to un-
load the ships and get away before
the port was closed, but several OF
the vessels were unable to get their
cargoeS on tho wharf in time. In
consequence they sailed for Panama
with part of their scargoes.
The arrival of the sugar ships of the
Hawaiian American line led the Pana.
ma canal authorities to start a barge
line through the canal in hope of re-.
lieving the situation.
The pontoon bridge across the canal
at Pariso has been swung into posi-
ton and in future will be used by the
Panama railroad in operating it's trains
on the west side Of the canal.
Purity Of Blood.
An incident recently came to light
which clearly shows the determina-
ton o fthe San Bias Indian Of Panama
to maintain his foothold in the fertile
territory in which he lives as we'll as
his desire to MAINTAIN purity of blood.
A short time ago the chief of the
tribe living at Rio Biablo, on the San
Bias coast, ordered the burial alive
of an infant a few days old because
it was the offspring of ar negro and a
woman member CT the tribe. The ne
gro was ordered to leave the coun.
try. The old chief made it clear that
the day either the white man or the
negro acquires a foothold among them
that day will mark the beginning of
the loss Of their Independence.
Strangers who come into the Indian
territory are not always treated kind
ly. Recently a party of white men
appeared in tho San Bias country
to work a gold mine which they had
been told existed il the interior. The
Indians resented their coming and
drove them out of the country.
Form Colony Club.
Canal employees, in anticipation of
he time when they retul y to the Uni.
ted States, have organized a Colony
club with the view of forming a farm
AMI industrial colony in one of the
southern states. The object is to un-
dertake ire investigation of numerous
offers for farm lands and industrial
opportunities that are constantly being
held out to those who are about to
leave the isthmus. The community
idea seems strongly In favor among the
c''al workers and it is expected that
several such communities will result
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1914-05-24

Saturdays Games.
r. lie.
Chicago 49,. 900 100 O1O-2 ~
Boston ...... O2O 100 at 8 3
Batteries-Russell and Schalk;
Leonard and Carrigaa.
Umpires-Chil and Sheridan.
r. Fl. e.
Detroit 1900. 200 or 0o0-5 9 4
Philadelphia 200 001 AS II 1
BaAeries-Daus and stanage; Plank
and Lapp.G.n nbus
/ Umpires-Dinsen and Connolly.
r. H. E.
St. Louis -. 900 900 1901 5 2
Washington. 100 203 OO"-6 IA 2
Batteries-Mitchell and Rumpter;
Shaw and Henry.
Umpires-OLoughlin and Hide
brandt.
r. HI. E.
Cleveland 800 90 14O O0-9 10 5
New York O32 O21 OO1 OF 10 49, 2
Batteries-Mitchell and Bassler:
Heating and Gassett.
UMpires-Egan and Evans.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1914-05-24
from the Investigations undertaken by
the Colony cub.
Old Spanish Canon.

Old Spanish Canon.
W. C. Johnston, mining engineer, In
charge Of a mining property In the
Province CT Varaguss, Republic Of
Panama, has reported to the Panama
government that he recently discov'
cred al old Spanish cannon that prob.
ably has been on the lsthmus since
the days of the Spanish occupation.
The cannon, he says, was found on q
blaff near the mouth OF Rio Concep'
tiol and probably formed part of q
battery that at one time commanded
that river. 1t is believed there are
other pieces in the vicinity. A search
is being mad efor them and If found
it is planned to mount them as an ex.
libit at the Forthcoming exposition to
be held in Panama next year coincid-
ent with the formal opening of the
Panama canal.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1914-05-24

Il. HE.
Chicago $50 900 01O-4 10 q
Baltimore 100 Oe3 O1'-7-12 o.
Ratteries--F iske and Wilson; saggs.
and RUSSELL. H ID II,
UmpiresBush and Mannassen.