davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Saint Mary's beacon. [volume] (Leonard Town, Md.) 1867-1983, 1914-01-29
Southern Settlement and De-
seIopment oruanixaslon.


/ In December OF 1911, large dele
cation of the Governors Of some vest
ern states were invited to visit Balti-
more on their way to meeting In
New York City. The Governor OF
Maryland issued call 20 the Govern
ors OF the southern states to come to
Baltimore 20 meet their western asso-
ciaies and extend TO them the hospi-
tally Of the South. The public spirit
ed citizens of the State OF Maryland
and the City OF baltimore Immediately
organized committees to provide
banquet and reception for the distin-
guisied guests, and the banquet was
given on the evening OF December sth.
1911.
on the morning OF that day Mr. S.
Davies Warfield called a conference
OF the southern Governors, who were
In Baltimore, with number of repre-
sentatiyes of commercial and indus
trial organizations OF cities of the
South, officials OF railroad and trans
portation companies and others, to
consider ways and means of unifying
the many agencies at work for develop
ing the South.
At this conference resolution was
adopted for committee to take up the
question Of etTecting an organization
whose purpose would he tn work for
the development and settlement of The
South: the committee 10 consist of one
representative OF each of the sixieet.
southern states To be appointed by the
Governor OF the State; of reprcsen-
tatire of each of the railroads and
transportation companies operating in
southern territory and representatives
from commercial and industrial assoc
Citations. subsequently this commit
tee met and acted and the result was
the incorporation of the Southern
Settlement and Development Organi-
zation under special act. dated April
ii, 1912, granting charter. passed
by the Legislature of Mar, land, which
thereupon appropriated lO.0O0 for the
cause.
Mr.. Robert NJ. Pindell. Jr., of Anne
Arundel county. j. the Maryland
Manager, and at n meeting held in the
Court House, Leonardtown. on We'd
nesday. outlined the workings OF the
association and urged the great bene-
fits that will accrue To the county and
state by cooperation OF th. people in
the movement toword the development
oil the South. The work will be in
auguraied in ST. Mary's. and deserves
the earnest support nf all who truly
desire tn advance the wclfars. of the
county. Il is work that will not
onl. reflect credit upon those engaged
in it. but Will tend toward tir finan-
eial good of all.
There were p,rscni at the meeting
quite num6er, and. Judging from the
careful attention accorded The speakers
and the enthusiasm that prevailed.
the gentlemen engaged in the work
will receive. not only the good wishes
OF 81. MarA'S countianS. hat their
earnest SuppJ.'. aS nell.
Saint Mary's beacon. [volume] (Leonard Town, Md.) 1867-1983, 1914-01-29
Fundsment.l er.,'izs. fact.

The most expensive element Of any
Fertilizer i nitrogen. Bat with such
winter legumc> a. bur clover. crimson
clover and vetrh. and with such sum-
mcr legumcs a cOwpeaS. soy beans,
velvet beans, melilotus and lespedeza.
all of which draw large quantities of
nitrogen from the air, every farmer
may easily adopt a cropping system
that will keep his land richly supplied
with nitrogen.
Nearly all the clay soils of the
South are well supplied with potash,
but are usually deficient in phosphor-
Gus. a few soils. and especially the
deep sandy soils are deficient in both
potash and PHOSPHORUS. When a
n s0il is low in either of these minerals
they must usually be furnished by the
application Of commercial fertilizers.
The usual retail price for l6 per
cent. acid phosphate is SIG per ton.
In some sections with keen COMPETE
ton among dealers the retail price
has been reduced to Sl3.5 80 per ton.
The retail price for l2z per cent.
lkainit is about sl4 per ton. The retail
price for nitrogen used in fertilizers
secured in any form may be figured at
more than ~ cents per pound. When
the elements are purchased in the form
of complete ready mixed fertilizers,
much higher prices are paid. The
farmer may easily save from s. to so
per ton on the same quantity of plant
food by buying the materials separ-
ately and mixing them himself.
Recent reports from about 800
counties in the South show that where
farmers have clubbed together aud
bought l6 per cent. acid phosphate in
car load lots for cash from the large
manufacturers they have been able 10
produce il in bulk from s7.JD To $40
per ton. or in bags from SO to $12.
Kainit with l2k per cent. potash was
bought in car lots at the ports al
about - per ton, - Demonstration
Agents Bulletin,
Saint Mary's beacon. [volume] (Leonard Town, Md.) 1867-1983, 1914-01-29

The Leonardtown Basket Ball Team
Jared i'll at the hands OF the Leonard
Hall Five on Friday evening last
when the two met at the Hall gymna-
stun before an Interested crowd of
about tifty spectators. As this was
the the first appearance for a number
OF the boys. the play at times was
crude and fouls were frequent, hut as
they were not intentional the referee
was kind. For spirit of true sports
manship the game was a marvel, and
both teams played in the true sporting
spirit that has always characterized
them: they played for the sport OF
the game, not To win regardless Of
how, that too often mars the pleasure
of the game. There was a lack of in
territorial roughness and ungentleman-
~ tactics. The score was II tn : in
Iavor of Leonard Hall, and the town
Boys are aching for revenge, which
they hope TO get in a fcG weeks. Or
both teams were several whose playing
attracted favorable comment. Foo the
collegians Bro. Fidelis and Combs
Burch wcre the hest, while BriscOc ard
James Burch took the laurclS for the
locals. There will he another game
at p. m, next Friday, and a good
entertainment Is assured. The halves
were of ID minutes duration and DR..
G. v. Hayce- was referee. Allen
Herbert. Cofsos Burch and Henry
Camalicr shot the goals for Leonard
Hall, whilst Briscoe and James Burch
scored the points for the to@n five.
We are informed that the good
brothers are preparing gallery for
the spectators. When this i com
pleted there will be ample facilities
for an enjoyab winter.
Saint Mary's beacon. [volume] (Leonard Town, Md.) 1867-1983, 1914-01-29
Nalissn's Rsrssin House
LEONARDTnWN. Nh.
Nice Stock of Goods Low Prices

Clothing 10 now sold at as per
cent. less regular sricesi
Mems Good Suits. . Al es
Latest Style Worsted Suits M
s3.9S per suit.
All Wool Blue Serge Suits
"a Suits, made to order, price. SOS
Boys Suits as low rs gsc and
=. ~ W. 4....... a. 9S
Men : Pants from SOC up.
Mems Overcoats as low as o..
up To s9.ss: really worth. Ala
Shoes.
Ladies shoes as low a.. IN.
Nice Fine Shoes. qsc
- -. SHOES, now. ............... $l.Ia
MISSES; Mss. Shoes as low as. 1900. 75c
Men ; Fine Shoes as low as asc
$50 Shoes viii nov. cost YOU. ~ r.
- and $50 Low Quarter Shoes
VIII now cost you SIS and Al. es
Soys' Naked Truth Shoes 9se.
Mems Naked Truth Shoes. Il. d
Saint Mary's beacon. [volume] (Leonard Town, Md.) 1867-1983, 1914-01-29

We are requested by the Matthews.
Howard Implement Co., of La Plata,
Md, to state that they are the licensed
agents of the Ford Automobile Co,
for Charles and st. Mary's counties.
Cars will be delivered to any point In
said territory from their warehouses
In Ia Plata, where they will aim 10
carry a stock sufficient 20 meet the
growing demand for this popular and
economical ear. Communications from
prospective buyers viii be appreciated
and promptly attended to.-Advertise-
ment- Left.
Saint Mary's beacon. [volume] (Leonard Town, Md.) 1867-1983, 1914-01-29
eemoanlnn Liis Youth.

Fontenelle. when nearly hundred
years old. stumbled when trying to
pick up the fan Of young and pref
ty lady, says the Pail Mall Gazette.
While she helped him to reach IL.
"Ah!" he cried. IF only was eighty
again."
Saint Mary's beacon. [volume] (Leonard Town, Md.) 1867-1983, 1914-01-29
Religious Notices

Pentecostal Church of the Nazarene.
District Supt. III. G. Trum5auer will
preach at Hollywood Chapel, Sunday,
February lst at 1880 p. M: Hammett's
Chapel, Feb. I'd, at 1890 a. IN.
d. w. SWEENEY. Pastor.
Saint Mary's beacon. [volume] (Leonard Town, Md.) 1867-1983, 1914-01-29

Adyersity the Lesser Evil.
For one man who can stand pros.
perity there are q hundred who can
stand diversity Carlyle.
Saint Mary's beacon. [volume] (Leonard Town, Md.) 1867-1983, 1914-01-29

WoFIuB HaIhIest HcaIon.
The rainiest region In the world n
the Khasia hills. two hundred miles
north OF the Bay of Bengal, where the
annual precipitation frequently en-
ceeds 400 inches.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1914-12-31

W. B. jackson, one of the best
known grain men in the country and
former president OF the Chicago Board
Of Trade, died at MS home In Chica-
so.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1914-12-31
MAYOR-ELECT To
STAND PAT ON
APPOINTMENTS

At the caucus of the incoming may
or and board OF supervisors last night
strong opposition developed to the
proposal Of the chairman of the road
committee that the permanent I'M
provement fund be drawn upon for
road eonstruction-least of all for
work not done under engineering spec
ifications. Four of the members in
sisted en- immediate utilization of the
district improvement tax laws for
Honolulu street paving, and not one
dollar" for new belt road work unless
it be permanent construction.
Horns were locked until IL o'clock.
when adjournment was taken without
action on road items, until Saturday
afternoon.
Replying to Hollinger, who urged
that appointive officers should retire
with the old board, Mayor-elect Lane
declared that the decision had been
taken to make no changes before Feb
ruary /, and that the exercise of his
'prerogatiye" in that regard could not
be shaken. ~
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1914-12-31
Auction Sale!
1850 Cases Of
/. ASCO HONEY
On Account Of Whom
Il Nav Concern

have received instructions Co sell
at Public Auction. a. my Salesroon,
cor. Fort and Queen Sts-. opp. a.
Haekfeld & Company, Honolulu, =. r..
on Saturday, December 18th, AZ q
o'clock Noon, the following designated
cases Of Honey, for sale on account Of
whom il may eoncern:
sos CASES WATERWHlTE HON.
EY. -.
SIS CASES or WHITE HONEY.
24o CASES LIGHT AMBER HON
EY.
80 CASES AMBER HONEY.
TWO CASES or SAMPLES or
THE DIFFERENT GRADES WILL
BE ON VIEW AT NY SALEsRooM.
WILL SELL IN LOTS or so
CASES OR MORE or EACH GRADE.
TERMS CASH ON THE FALL or
THE HAMMER.
DELIVERY TO Be TAKEN WITH.
IN 90 HOURS AFTER THE SALE.
... o. A. STEVEN,
Auctioneer.
The sale Of the above Honey 10
postponed until Saturday, January 2.
1915, at the same hour and place Of
Sale.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1914-12-31
JUDGE STUART
wins LOT WITH
LUCKY NUMBER

Fifteen fortunate would.be home
steaders who drew the lowest num-
bers at the land commissioners office
Monday for lots on windward Oahu
made their selections today. taking up
the % parcels Of land given by the
territory. Among the fortunate ones
Is Circuit Judge Thomas B. Stuart,
who drew number 10 and now be-
comes one of Hawaii's homesteaders.
Though most of the lucky ones took
two lots apiece Judge Stuart was con-
tent with one. =.
The lots chosen were as follows: C..
Christensen, No. 19 and 20; Stephen
G. Achong, No. 81; Mrs. j.. ]. Smiddy.
Nos. Is and 26; James Awaawaa, Nos.
80 and 81; Lulu Koelling, Nos. 20 and
"a; Male K. Trask, Nos. q and 2S;
Carleton Miller, No. 80; Kiichi Sugi.
hara, No. %; William C. Moore, Nos.
80 and 80; Orlando K. Aud. Nos. 43
and "A: John w. Wilson. Nos, Al and
AZ; Thos. B. Stuart, No. 81; Mary.
Aheong, No. As, and Harry j. Greg.
son, Nos. As and AZ.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1914-12-31
DAILY REMINDERS

Round the Island in auto $500.
Lewis Stables. Phone 214i.-Adv.
B. F. EHLERS & Co. VIII be closed
all day New Years day, January 1.
1915.--Adv
Legacies and windfaIls sometimes
oecur-bnt the safest extra money is
that which you save in the Bank Of
HAWAII, and add to regularly.
II all local poultry raisers will care
fully read and preserve the series OF
California Feed Company advertise
ments on chick feed-the series form
ing chick feed calendar there is apt
to be more prollt in tie poultry bust.
ness for the ones who do the work.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1914-12-31
EVA PLANTATION
Celebrates 18th
BIRTHDAY TODAY

A quarter century Of prosperous
existence was rounded ont today by
the Eva Plantation Company. Twen-
ty-fve years ago tomorrow ground was
broken for what was to be the most
noted sugar producer in Hawaii.
The history of the Eva company
is the story of several years OF bitter
struggle for existence and two decades
of rich harvest as reward. For Ave
Fears it did not pay a cent in diyi-
dends Since then it has paid back its
original capital many times over. For
10 years its crop has gene above the
3C,000-ton mark
The company was originally capital
lied at $4,000. Soon after it started
business in 1890 came the great panic
of 1893. With the entire commercial
and financial world bowed under one
OF the greatest financial panics it has
had, the company struggled to keep CO.
ing. In 1895, when the clouds lifted
and prices rose thinks began to look
UP and the next year the first divi-
dend, q large one of 80 per cent was
paid.
Between 1895 and 1896 the average
price had risen from 1927 cents to 1852
cents. That marked the turning point
in the company's career and the be-
ginning of its success. Between 1896
and 1900 it made great strides, aided
by rise in price to 4.57 scents. 1t
increased, its area under cultivation,
enlarged its plant and improved its
equipment. 49,. - r >.
The company is now free from debt,
all its outstanding debentures being
wiped out. 1t has 1900 acres of cane
land under lease, and has 81 artesian
wells and eight pumping stations with
a capacity of 81 900, 10000 gallons a day
The company owns no land in fee
simple s.:...-.s- H..
The banner year of the plantation in
size of crop was In 1911, when 1t reach
ed 1850 tons. 1t was In this year
also that sugar commanded the high
est price since 1900 The biggest yield
per acre was in 1909 when it averaged
9.97 tons.
o.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1914-12-31
OUTDOOR CIRCLE Is
GRATEFUL FOR HELP
ON NEW PLAY GRO UND

Interest taken by Supervisor Lester
Petrie and Jailer julius Asch in car.
rying out beauty plans for the new
playground at Fort and School streets
has won the heartiest commentator
of the members Of the Outdoor Cir
Gle. Mrs. F. ]. Lowrey Ylid this
morning: -Js
Thanks to the efforts of Mr. Petrie
and Mr.. Asch, who are very mach in
terested in the work, the lot turned
over by Governor rsrear as a public
park is now; being filled In and grass
ed over and water will be turned on.
The Outdoor Circle is very, grateful
for the help given it in carrying out
its plans for a playground in this
neighborhood.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1914-12-31

A good resolyei Keep a boz Of
shac at hand always. It surely cures
headaches. advertisement.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1914-12-31
DIVIDENDS.

Dec. 31.-G Brewer e Co., 200;
Eva t40c special, 81: waimanalo ($4
specially 500; Hon. B. q M. Co., 20;
Isl. s. N. Co. rs; kahuku. 10: Haw.
Pine Co, %: Hon. Gas Pfd., so: Hon.
Gas Com. 80: n. r. T. & L. Co.
tquar), zoo; Nut. Tel Co. (quar.) J,
%.
Latest sugar quotation: SO degrees
test, 4.045 cents. or 5000 per ton.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1914-12-31
81

Lieut.. Edward L. Hoffman Of the
End has been absent for the past four
days en- fishing trip over on the east
coast of Oahu under a leave granted
him by post headquarters.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1914-12-31
sY AUTHORITY.
HOLIDAY HoTlcE-NEW YEARS

United States Postoffice, Honolulu,
Hawaii December 81, 1914. -
Friday. January I, 1915. being a le-
gal holiday, viii 5e observed as such
by this office. There will be no de-
livery by carriers. Collections viii
be made according to the schedule OF
holiday hours on letter boxes.
Stamp, general delivery and parcel
post windows open from a. m. to 9
q. m (: q ~ p
General delivery and carrier win
dows open for one hour after arrival
Of S. $. Nippon Maru from San Fran.
cisco, for delivery If first-elass mail.
WM. F. YOUNG,
Postmaster.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1914-12-31
Honolulu Stock Exchange
MERCANTILE.

Thursday, december 81.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1914-12-31
Fort Shaifer Notes

Especial Star Bulletin Correspondencel
PORT sSHAFTER, Dec. 31.-sIuster
and inspection took place this morn-
ing, organizations being inspected TOR
field equipment, and afterwards mus
tered on Their own pr ,ales.
u o. 80. + II
The soccer football team of the de-
partment hospital has arranged for a
game of that variety for Sunday after
noon, next at 2:30 on the Fort Shafter
parade with the team of Healanis from
the city as opponents. The hospital
team viii draw on the End infantry,
for some Additional players to make
up their playing contingent The field
to be used is the enc lately in use for
regular football. AS usual for athlet-
les at Shafter admission will be free
to all. This. latest venture Of the
hospital corps in athletics is COM.
nsehdable and shows that the sporting
blood is not confined to the line. The
hospital new has baseball team,
soccer team and has entered a team
In the service basketball league. that
has just been formed among the play
ers Of the garrisons Of Honolulu
~ -
In accordance with established army
custom, Col and Mrs. Francis II.
French have announced that they win
be at home to the officers and ladies'
of Fort Shafter on New Years day
from IL until L Later in the after
noon the friends Of General and Mrs.
Carter among the post people win
call at that commanders quarters in
Honolulu to pay their respects to the
department commander.
- -
Capt AID Mrs. Franklin p. Jackson
from Schofeld are expected at Fort
Shafter this afternoon as guests of
aiajor and Mrs. E. ". Smith for over
New Years, They viii form part of
the party that will attend the govern
or's reception and later take supper
at the Country Club. =.
- ~
Lieut.. Edward l.. Hoffman Of the
End has been absent for the past four
days en- . fishing trip over on the east
coast of Oahu under leave granted
him by post headquarters.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1914-12-31
VITA AIfn n.O
fE4ll!!!9)0
FURNISHED COTTAGE.

Furnished cottage and light house
keeping rooms; all eonyeniences;
electric lights bath. running water:
short distance from postoffiee Mod
crate. Camel place, Fort and Vine
yard. Tel 154i. 5994tf
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1914-12-31
Dinner ON new
YEARS DAY At
WAIKIKI INN

The New Years day dinner to be
served at Waikiki Inn tomorrow night
promises to surpass anything that is
at all ordinary The menu now being
prepared offers some very appetizing
dishes and should prove real treat
Phone in your reservations early. It'll
be jolly gathering ADV.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1914-12-31

Sales: Between Boards As, 5 Oahu
Sug. Co. 49,: so olaa s; $4,000 Kohala
Ditch SIS S1hs $2a ,0eO Hon. Gas IS SO.
Session Sales-55 McBryde 5%: As.
5 0iaa S; IS. Is Oahu Sug. Co, 10.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1914-12-31

Part Of the business section of Pat
chogue, L. l., was wiped out by fire at
q loss of $40, 900.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-11-27

second am willing to pay
a great big lump sum in the way
of eliminated profits in order to
have you know the kind of clothes
| make, for | know full we'll once
you wear my clothes no other
clothes will satisfy you.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-11-27
go TO WAR; GET IN 'FRONT.'"
HE TELLS TITLED SON-IN-LAW

TOLEDO, Ohio. Nov. 27.-Col Eu-
gene Zimmerman, of Cincinnati. has
had his faith shaken in the finan.
cial capacity of dukes.
Is your son-in-law, the Duke of
Manchester, in the war; he was
asked here today
Il don't know. but l hope SO. lie
is a rank failure as finaneier, SO
sent word to him to try the war
same" said the colonel.
He sailed for England a few
days ago, leaving lots of disappointed
creditors mere. He has another bunch
Of creditors waiting for him in Eng
land" he added smiiingly.
L sent word to him that /, as a
former United States navy man, adj
vised him to join the army imme-
diately. And ] told him to go not
only to the front but TO get out in
front. ] sent word to him that there
would never be any less dukes any
way, and that if he got shot not to
get shot in the back.
you know / am an American
citizen. ] haven't any use for titles,
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-11-27

anyway. Those | know are broke,
and those | have come in contact
with don't know how to handle
money.
You probably know that the duke
spent 1--WE months here. Well, he
soon conceived the idea of making a
lot of money in the moving picture
business. He started a company to
make pictures for churches and
schools
THE thing blew up, and ! guess
things got pretty warm. Anyway,
lie gave out an interview in New
York that he had offered his, SER
vices to the king. As soon as |
heard of it | sent word to him to be
true to his country and accept SER
vice at the front"
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-11-27
GERMAN TORPEDO
SINKS BRITISH SHIP

HAVRE. via PARIS, NOV. 21.-The
British steamship Melachite has been
sunk by a German submarine few
miles northwest OF Cape La Heve
which is about three miles from
Havre. The Melachite. a vessel oil
about 1000 tons. belonging to the
Cunard Company, was bound from
Liverpool to Havre. She was stopped
by the submarine, and the crew was
given ten minutes to get into the
ships boats.
After this was done. the submarine
sank the Melachite. Then closing her
own matches. the submarine dived
down beneath the sea, leaving the
crew of the steamer to make their
way To Havre. They arrived safely a
few hours after their boat had been
sunk
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-11-27

FIRST-This is the beginning
of a period of dull season in my
wholesale department. 1t has taken
me years to build my tailoring or
ganization up TO IFS present high
state of efficiency, and | will make
almost any sacrifice to keep every
one of my people employed.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-11-27

Regular Price s2s.50 to $25.OO-One of
the best coats in Newark a zibeline, in
black, brown and green; lined through
out with guaranteed satin then there
are heavy winter cheviots, choice mix
lures; broadcloth with the fiat notch col
lar, inlaid with silk and button 70 RI
trimmed. and others, any of IN.OU
which good values, at..
$4,000 Plush Corduroy COats-Smartest
models of the season; always the delight
of the wearer, plain plush or the snow
flake or two-tone variety; colors in these
are taupe, dark green. brown, black,
n FistnD or NTH nth fur n collars sxs all 5
lent value t $4,000; special
BroadcIOth and CheyiOt COats-Coats
good values at the regular price,
$4,000. Models suitable ~ IN c
for all sizes or figures; kOsOO a
u rr1,, -. c,.a