davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1914-07-10
SAID OF WAR.

SAID OF WAR.
The divine command says,
Thou shalt not kill"
Murder is murder.-Theodore
Roosevelt.
War, I call it murder.-James
Russell Lowell.
War is wholesale murder; war
is hell.-General William T.
Sherman.
War is the trade of barbarism.
Napoleon Bonaparte.
Not less than S,500,OO0,0 900 hu-
man beings have been slain in
war since the beginning Of the
world.-Edward Burke.
Lie WdTTlOT uduue Sudu De u
name abhorred and bear forever
the curse of Cain.-Henry w.
Longfellow.
War is murder by the law
Young.
There has never been a good
war or a bad peace.-Benjamin
Franklin.
Gall and power are the chief
causes of war.-Tacitus.
Where bleed the many to en-
rich the few.-Shenstone.
Most Of the debts of this world
represent condensed drops of
blood.-Henry Ward Beecher.
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1914-07-10

Brig. Gen. Evans should bear in
mind that while it is permissible for
army officers to make speeches they
are not expected to say anything.
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1914-07-10

Ten thousand acres of land in the
Santa Cruz valley, Arizona, are ir.
rigated with water secured by tap
ping an underground river.
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1914-07-10

Sweden and Denmark are to be con-
nected by cable carrying electrical
power.
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1914-07-10

The political campaign will not get
hot until the weather cools.
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1914-07-10

Better highways and more bridges
is the slogan of the county court.
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1914-07-10

The poor and congress are always
with us.
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1914-07-10

Entered as second-class matter in
the Postoffice at Dallas, Oregon.
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1914-07-10

Servian tailors work IL hours daily
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1914-07-10

While other valley towns are this
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-05-24
THE RISE OF TWEED, LEADER OF
A ElRE COMPANY.

Had any one in the closing years Of
the first half OF the last century
prophesied that the sociable leader Of
one of the volunteer fire companies Of
the city would control the city govern
ment thirty years later his hearers
would have charged him with tie
equivalent OF talking through his hat.
But growing business gradually weaned
the first citizens away from political
activities and responsibilities. and Will
lam Marcy Tweed and his like, recog-
nizing the value of ignorant voters of
alien birth obtained control of Tam
many Hall and the city government.
The story Of how the genial Tweed,
the crafty, taciturn. scheming and po-
litically sagacious Sweeney: a. Oakley
Hall, an innocent stalking horse from
the older generation, and slippery
Dick" Il. Connolly. an auetioneer, who
had become particularly adept as i
counter of unseen votes. secured this
control and manipulated elections in
such a way as TO place their men in
the Governors chair and on the bench
is well known. In 1869 they were o.
cupying the chief offices of the city and
state. Hall was Mayor. Sweeney was
Chamberlain. Tweed was street Com
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-05-24
BROADWAY AND SEVENTH AVE.
LINE ESTABLISHED.

The better element gradually fell
back into its old ways and Honest
John Kelly pulled Tammany Hall into a
strong position again. And Jake" Sharp
and his kind were still on the job. In
1854 the Broadway and Seventh av.
car line was established. The cars of
this line ran down Broadway from
9th ST. as far as 18th St. and then
continued downtown through Univer-
sity place. Sharp was a director Of
the company. He was still on the trail
in search of the franchise for the re-
mainder of Broadway. The obstacle
in his way, however. was the property
owners, who refused to give their con-
sent.
AT last. in 1883. Sharp secured at
Albany the passage of general rail-
road act which permitted the Aldermen
10 offer the franchise Of a street rail
way for sale or not at their option. 4"
on August q. 1884. thirty-four years
after Sharp had set out 70 secure il.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-05-24
THE HABIT OF FEELING THE Al
DERMEN GROWS.

The establishment Of these called for
the LAYING of rails in the streets and a
fresh treatment of the franchise prob
lem. The laying Of rails meant a
MONOPOLY very desirable in a growing
city like New York. Such monopolies
were sure to become more valuable as
time passed The more cheaply this
natural resource could be corralled, the
more RAPIDLY would gold pour into the
pockets Of the monopolist. SO it be-
came the habit 20 fee the aldermen, and
in this way secure surface car and ferry
franchises at a low cost When the
toes Of the influential are trodden upon,
however. something is likely TO happen.
At this point the figure of humble
farmers lad from Montgomery County
Genes into view in the metropolis. His
name was Jacob Sharp. He had worked
on a farm until 1887. when. at the age
of twenty. the fever that has seized
MANY another farmers son seized him.
He determined 10 know more OF the
world. and To nave a fortune before he
died. His first venture away from
home took him to the waters Of the
Hudson. He RATED lumber To New
work Saving his money. he began TO
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-05-24
THE FRENZIED FINANCE OF THE
EIGHTIES.

Meanwhile Sharp lost no time in
laying rails and securing equipment.
He bought up all the stages and horses
of the Broadway omnibus line. the
last bus running below lith ST. on
June 30. 1889. and the first public
horsecar passing over the route from
9th ST. TO Bowling Green the next day.
The cost Of building the road had been
about Sl3sOOO. but it was financed for
more than S2OooODO The feeling was
so high against the board OF aldermen
that Kelly. leader of Tammany Hall,
directed that the Tammany members
of the board who had shared i'm grant
ing the franchise should not run at the
succeeding election.
The investigation by the Railroad
Committee of the Senate ran along
into 1856, the Broadway Railroad Com
pany being represented before it by
James G. Carter and Elihu Root. Sharp
when on the witness stand, exhibited
a memory Of remarkable qualities. II
was very clear on everything except
transactions involving the drawing of
checks amounting To over half a mill
lion of dollars. There it became very
hay.
on the morning of March IS. 1886.
there was much excitement in City
Hall Park. Alderman Jaehne, leader of
the County Democracy and vice-chair-
man of the board, was in the park.
Swallowed by detectives. Inspector
Byrnes was sitting in the office of the
District Attorney. At an order from
the inspector, one of his detectives went
out into the park in front of the City
Hall and invited Jaehne to accompany
him. Jaehne accepted the invitation.
He was under arrest.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-05-24
INTERNAL SCRAP PRECiPlTATES
INVESTIGATION

Early in 1905 an internal scrap in the
Equitable Life Assurance Society
brought on an investigation OF the big
life insurance companies by a legis-
lative committee. of which Senator
Armstrong was chairman and Charles
Evans Hughes was chief counsel
Through the keen questioning and
close analysis OF Mr.. Hughes the public
became acquainted with yellow dogs.
They were funds of hundreds Of thou
sands Of dollars supplied by the insur-
ance companies and expended under
the head of taxation and legislation, y
or the expansive and inclusive term Of
legal expenses" Judge Andy Hamil-
ton, who was in Europe recovering his
health throughout the entire investiga-
ton. was the chief Of the agents.
Money, procured through different
channels, such as special accounts, real
estate deals, stock investments, etc,
of a nature that made Il possible TO
include them in the books of the COM
panies, or omit them altogether, with
out affecting the accounts from the in
surance point of view, was passed on
TO the Judge" without any accounting
from him. He was never asked TO say
specifically how he expended the money
in order. as President Mccall of the
New York Life expressed il on the
stand, Ito stop hostile legislation By
dealing with the best fellow he could
find to produce results" J. p. Morgan
& Co. figured as one Of the channels.
The Armstrong committee, in its re-
port urging the Legislature to throw
out the lobby. said:
Nothing disclosed by the investiga-
ton deserves more serious attention
than the systematic efforts of the large
insurance companies to control large
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-05-24

shell among his brother aldermen. a
dozen of whom wandered about the
corridors with blanched faces. The I'M
certainty as to the nature Of the charge
against Jaehne rendered their suspense
all the more trying. and if score or
Inspector Byrnes's detectives had
walked up the broad marble steps and
each had collared a city father. nobody,
least of all the aldermen would have
been taken by surprise
The arrest, it was stated, had fol-
lowed the acknowledgment by Jaehne
TO Byrnes at the home Of the latter
the night before that he had accepted
$40. 900 for his vote on the franchise.
The result of the arrest Of Jaehne, the
head Of the solid eighteen, was the inn
plication of all but two of the alder
men in bribery charges. Some Of the
aldermen died before the trial, some
ESCAPED to Canada, and others were in
dicted and tried. The Court of Appeals
set aside the verdict I'm Sharp's case,
but Sharp, now more than seventy
years old never recovered from the ef-
feet of his conviction and imprison-
ment. He died on April ,, 1888. The
Broadway line is still running.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-05-24
SUSPICIOUS FACTS AND sUs.
PICIOUS INDIVIDUALS.

Enormous sums have been expended
in a surreptitious manner Irregular ac-
counts have been kept to conceal the
payments for which proper vouchers
have not been required This course OF
conduct has created a widespread con.
viction that large portions OF this
money have been dishonesty used.
Andrew C. Fields, who represented
both the Mutual and the Equitable In
legislative matters, and was in control
Of the supply department OF the former
company, remained beyond the Jurisdic-
ton during the sessions OF the commit
tee The general solicitor OF the Nut
ual, to whom the chairman OF the COM
mittee on expenditures intrusted large
sums, died just before the beginning OF
the investigation and apparently left no
account as 20 how the money had been
spent
Andrew Hamilton. who within ten
years received upward OF $1,000, 600 from
the New York Life on the warrant OF
its president. in connection with its bu-
reau of legislation and taxation. has re-
NAMED abroad and has failed 10 render
any proper account showing the dispo-
sition OF the money. The officers OF the
Equitable, from whom light might have
been expected on the disbursements OF
their company. either have remained {
out Of the jurisdiction or have been dis
abled by illness"
The chief fruits OF this investigation
were a moral awakening. the passage
Of constructive legislation and the ele-
walton OF Hughes to high position
where he could do further constructive
work
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-05-24
THE POLITICAL VAMPIRE SUCKS
THE CITY DRY.

Protected from publicity through sub
scrvicnt minor appontees. the ring
went on its way rejoicing and drawing
a large income from its manipulation of
public contracts. Included in the bills
of contractors were excessive charges,
The excuses went TO the ring. Mill
ions were unnecessarily paid for print-
ing and street paving. Taking a lear
out of the book of Baron Haussmann
public improvements became the order
of the day. The county courthouse
was the browning project of the ring.
Originally intended TO cost S2Jo,Wb' the
cost ran up to "A sum variously esti
mated at from SS.OOOOoO to S13.OoO.OGO
by 1871, when it was still unfinished.
According to the bills submitted to the
city il cost more than S6oOO,oOO TO
furnish il and more than S2,0OO,o00 Il
make repairs before il was completed.
Safes valued at more than S4oOOOO and
thermometers TO the amount OF more
than $3.50 in understanding to the
bills-were required for the protection
of documents and the comfort If those
using the building. The public debt in
creased from S36. DO, 900 at the begin
ming If 1860 to $97, 2s7 900 in Septen
her, 1S71-that is to say. approximate
~ SCI 100000 in thirty-two months. In
addition floating debt of S20O00,0p0
had been incurred within the same
period. The total cost of Tweed and
his gang TO the city, therefore, was
SS1 100000.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-05-24

the aldermen, with only one dissent
ing vote. gave permission to lay tracks
vetoed it. A taxpayer named Lyddy
enjoined the board from repassing the
resolution over the veto. He was
bought off, and at a secret session.
called to order at a. m. on August
80 and lasting a few minutes, the
aldermen in favor of the franchise re-
passed the resolution. The city got
little for franchise so valuable that
81. 600 600 had been offered for ii.
The action of the board led to an
investigation by the State Senate.
Roscoe Conkling being the chief coun-
81
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-05-24
JAKE" SHARP HAS AN lOEA-HE
ASKS FOR FRANCHISE.

In 1850 he conceived this notion, and
began to oil the machinery for securing
the franchise Cooperating with John
l.. O'SuMvan. he Joined the forces seek
ing to build car lines in Manhattan. and
i'm 1852 asked the Common Council for
Il franchise for a double track line in
Broadway and Whitehall or State St,
from the South Ferry 10 57th St, and
also. hereafter to continue the same
from time to time along the Blooming
dale Road to Manhattanvillc." Sharp
saw beyond 9Th st.
The influential ones arose. for Broad
way WAS the chief residential street.
Like those who live along the Albany
Post Road to-day they did not wish
the clatter of streetcars so close 10
their ears. Omnibuses were good
enough for them. owing to the oppo-
sition which arose more than thirty
years elapsed before Sharp's dream
came true. He and his plan were
fought so hard that even state politics
were influenced by it.
In the interval another man of hum
ble origin rose to political power. The
aldermen who had faced fines and inn
prisonment for their devotion TO sharp
and his project formed loosely organ
lied band OF men, willing to profit at
the expense of the public.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-05-24
NEW WAYS TO GREASE
THE WHEELS.

With the growth Of corporations and
the need for the modification Of laws
and franchises for the expansion of
public utilities, it became necessary to
find new ways of greasing the wheels
without mourning the penalties of the
law. Brokers in legislation as bosses
gained in power, and rcfncments In the
hiding Of Legislative" funds were de-
veloreI by corporations The latter
were revealed in the great insurance
investigation of 1905. i'm which Charles
e. Hughes uncovered the yellow dog
funds.
The difference between tho insurance
and the New Ravens deal
with the devil is that i'm the former cass
the Intermediates were agents Of the
insurance companies and in the latter
of the devil. and the personality of the
devil is unknown to the corporation.
Corruption in legislative bodies in
New York state began before Boss
Tweed became an Alderman. He helped
matters along. however, by organizing
the business. In the SOS New YORK
city. with its scores If thousands OF
alien inhabitants and its thousands Of
ignorant and careless voters. had at
tanned To- an area that demanded better
means Of transportation, not only longi-
tudinally. but across the rivers 10 her
neighbors, Brooklyn and Jersey City
and Hoboken. Omnibus lines were be-
coming inadequate. ana horse railroads
seemed to be the next step in intra-
mural transportation.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-05-24
FORTY THIEVES AND THEIR DEM
OCRATlC METHODS.

These phrases mark the evolution Of
graft i'm New York state. First we had
the Forty Thieves. This was a Demo-
cratic method of selling privileges for
private gain. The Forty Thieves were
public officials who worked together
without the cooperation of any outside
intermediary in selling their services
To those who wished To buy.
Then came the ring, a smaller group
Of persons, still holders of public Office,
who. through their control OF ignorant
voters. controlled the government, and
not only took brides but looted the city
treasury. Others, occupying minor
posts. but part of the machinery Tor
securing the loot, did their bidding
The ring. personihed by Bill Tweed.
eocksure in its faith in its power. fell
because il was a case Of public officials
misusing their office in the stealing Of
public property.
Now came the boss. typified by
Honest John Kelly The democracy
Of graft had become a monarchy. and
the ruler thereof was no longer an Of
6ccholder. amenable as such TO the
.a,y. Much of the business now was
handled outside the city government.
,Vbe finishing touch was put TO Official
,.,l-,.,,.. ...hor tho tc~u,9 ~ tho sa'o -
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-05-24
WHAT THE TRIBUNE SAID ABOUT
IT IN 1886.

The excitement in and around the
District Attorneys office" according TO
The Tribune of the following day, re
minded old officials Of that attending
the proceedings at the time Of the ar
rests in the old ring days. There have
not been so many reporters in this
building since Tweed was brought
here, said one of the court clerks
The arrest of Jaehne fell like a bomb
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-05-24
SAD AWAKENING AHEAD.

A foreman on one Of the large lines OIL
railway has keen Gaelic WIT. one warm
afternoon, while walking along the line
he found one of his men placidly sleeping
on the embankment The boss looksu
disgustedly at the delinquent for III"
minute and then remarked: Shape on'
ys lazy spalpeen, slape on. fur as long a.
you Shape you've got job, but WIN you
wake up you amt got none. The Arso
naut
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-05-24

missioner and president OF the Board
OF County Supervisors and Connolly
was Controller. The ring held the
KEYS of the city treasury. The city
charter was amended in the interest Of
their schemes and the members Of the
ring were appointed by the Mayor to
other Offices which gave them power
over city contracts.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-05-24
NOT MERE TYROs.

A widower who was married receh"'
for the third time and whose oriae 10.
been married once before herself WIZ
across the bottom OF the wedding INV
tations: BE sure and come TINS 70 ~
amateur performance The Argonsu"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-05-24

part OF the legislation OF the state.
Their operations have extended beyond
the state. and the country has been
divided into districts. SO that each COM
pany might perform conveniently Its
share Of the work.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-05-24
plsToRTING A SAYING.

First Lady-Too bad, Mrs. 5 ai"s'.
has such abominable weather io'
afternoon teas. IN,
Second Lady-Yes; she never pour
n rains Tit Pits.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-05-24

y TOW theN call IT GOING BUSINESS
y with the devil" once the devil
was the Forty Thieves. The
Forty Thieves, in their turn, became
the Ring and the Ring became the
Boss. The terms are synonymous with
the devil
It is curious how each exposure and
each decade develop their own tcrmi-
nology for the same thing. when that
thing is the persuasion of legislative
bodies. Each phrase belongs peculiarly
to the era i'm which it was developed.
When any one asks, We'll what are
YOU going to do about ito" everybody
knows the reference is to the coc<sure
bill" Tweed and his courthouse ring.
BY the Forty Thieves We mean the
doodle" aldermen and assistant alder
men who sold franchises for ferries and
surface railroads and finally met their
Waterloo when they sold out to
Jake" Sharp in 1851. Speak Of yell
low dogs and Immediately the picture
of insurance presidents and bankers
covering before Charles +. Hughes
rises TO mind. And now we have a new
phrase. IL is Doing business wi,h the
devil" the language of Charles <. Mel
len. cx-prcsidcnt Of the New Haven
Railroad. IN describing the way IN
which a distribution of property worth
q. 100000 TO unknown persons "accel-
Grated the process Of securing modi-
ncatons Of the franchise of the West
chester road. These phrases percolate
through society and pass on from gen
GRAFTON TO generation. They all mean
rottenness i'm Denmark. the buying oc
privilege and the taking of public
property for private enrichment.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-05-24

Zeal in timber. Then he got closer TO
public affairs in the big city by fur
rishing material for piers and bulk
heads. Obseryant. he noted the need
Tor improved transportation facilities
for the city Nothing less than Broad
way as route would satisfy his am
billions
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-05-24

the Broadway franchise TO Jake
Sharp. in the SOS, became comm n
knowledge and aldermen began to pay
the price for their actions.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-07-25
DRY CLEANING AND SECURING.

WANTED, secondhand gasolcne cncin,
III good repair, or S-horsepower
Goodman Brothers, Cumberland Court
house. Va
WANTED. TO buy one good second
hand concrete mixer, with or with.
out engine. Address Box 572, Rich
mond, Va.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-07-25
PROPOSALS-Sealed
NOTICI;-IcgaI
ESTATE OF OTTO g. RAMSAY. LATE.
OF NEW HAVEN. CONNECTICUT.

ESTATE OF OTTO 6. RAMSAY. LATE
Or MEM HAVEN. CONNECTICUT.
DECEASED:
In pursuance Of Section 2627 of the
Code OF Virginia. edition of 1904. as
amended, Clara &. Ramsay, cXecutrix
OF the will OF Otto 6. Ramsay. late of
New Haven. Connecticut. deceased. UNI
der appointment OF the Probate Court
June %. 1914, hereby gives notice that
on the eth day OF December. 1914. she
Norfolk City. Virginia. to direct Il
transfer Of ffty-fve shares of the CAPT
talHstock OF the Norfolk National Bank
OF Norfolk. Virginia. and twenty nine
shares of the capital stock of the Nor
folk Bank for Savings and Trusts. OF
Norfolk, Virginia. registered on the
hooks OF said corporations In the name
OF said otto q. Ramsay. now deceased
Dated at New Haven. Conn. July
%. 1914.
CLARA q. RAMSAY.
EXecutriN Of the will Of Otto G. Ram
say, deceased. Care Bristol & White.
attorneys. New Haven.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-07-25
800.
Charlotte County. Virginia.
HOudS for Sale

July 30. 1914.
THE undersigned acting as "A commit
tee of the Board of Supervisors OF
the County OF Charlotte. Virginia, of
fer for sale $500 of Charlotte County
bonds to provide for the building of a
new Jail. under the law in such case
made and provided. Said bonds con-
sist of IL coupon bonds of $500 each
and accumulated interest from date of
bonds. bonds bearing interest at the
rate OF per cent per annun, payable
semlannualiy. principal and interest
payable at the office Of the county
treasurer Of Charlotte County. Char
iotte courthouse, Va. No bids received
later than noon August -. 1914. said
bonds dated July |. 1914. run 40 years.
with the option OF payment in 90 years
y certified check of 5000 must ac-
company each bid The committee re-
serves the right 10 reject any and all
+. y. MORGAN
!. G. CARRINGTON