The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1914-07-05
THREE CHANGES
MADE BY POPE.
..sred College Is Entirely Different
Now From What i Was
in Former
Days.
al ARE NOT ITALIANS
ne From United States, While En-
gland Has Two and Even
canads Has
One.

| FBy Henry Wood, Rome correspondent
of the United Press.]
ROME, July 4.-Thanks to Pope
Plus x, three most significant changes
nave now been effected in the general
complexion, makeup and character OF
Inc sacred college. For the frs. time
IN the history of the vatican, this gor-
erning body OF the church has now be-
come directly representative of the
entire Catholic world. In the second
international" body in the world and
IN the third place 1t has been changed
completely from a basis of aristocracy
and nobility to one of men who have
come up from the bottom. The sacred
college, following the recent creation
81 fourteen new cardinals, now num-
bers sixty-six members. The full
membership is seventy-seven. but 1t is
seldom il ever that this number is
complete. The body now, as in the
past, is the representative governing
head OF the 350,00O,OOO Catholics scat
tered in all parts of the world.
Until the pontificate OF Pope Plus,
however, this representation was
more indirect than direct, for the
simple reason that the great bulk OF
the cardinals were always Italians.
In spite Of the fact that Catholics OF
other nationalities numbered into the
millions they were never accorded
more than one cardinal in The sacred
college, while many of the largest
Catholic nations in the world had
none. The United States for example.
with between 100000 and 100000
Catholics, never had, up until three
years ago, but one cardinal represent
ative in the sacred college.
While the entire credit for this "in-
Standardization" OF the senate OF
the church is not due entirely to Pope
Plus, yet he has done more to tina.
end than any Of his predecessors. He
has been especially determined In his
efforts to make the sacred college 9TH
er than purely Latin body. AS late
as 1886, when the popes had already
begun to grant cardinal recognition 20
other countries than Italy, the tend
ency still to confine the appointments
to the Latin countries was SO great
that of the sixty-two cardinals COM
posing the college at that time, sixty
one were Latins. While the Latin
elemen. still preponderates amongst
the princes of the church, owing to
the latter's strength In such countries
as France, Spain, Portugal and the
Latin South American republics, the
Italian majority, which was always
carefully maintained In the past, has
now for the first time been wiped out.
The sacred college, as 1t II now con-
stituted, Is comprised of one-half ltal-
ians and one-half foreigners.
Perhaps the most conspicuous fea-
ture of Pope Plus internationalizing
of his advisory council has been the
large representation he has accorded
to the English speaking nations.
These now have seven cardinals of
their own while still three other
princes of the church can be looked
upon as indirectly, at least, represent
ing the English speaking races. In
this English element, The United
States in Cardinal Gibbons, Farley
and O'Connell has the largest repre-
sentation. England comes afterward
with Cardinals Bourne and Gasffuet;
Canada with Cardinal Begin and Ire
land with Cardinal Logue. In addition
to these. however, Cardinal Merry del
Val, although of Spanish origin. was
educated in England and is Of pro-
bounced English proclivities. Cardin-
al Falconia. although an Italian by
birth and Franciscan monk, is a
naturalized American citizen and for
years was apostolic delegate at Wash
lngton. Cardinal Martinelli, his pre-
oecessor at Washington, is also con-
stantly consulted by Pope Plus on all
AFFAIRS relating to the United States.
The other Catholic nations Of the
world are now represented in the
sacred college as follows: France,
cardinals; Austria-Hungary, 6; South
america, 2; Spain, 5; Germany, 2;
PORTUGAL. Q; Belgium, 1, and Holland,
l. This however, is not regarded as
telling the full story of the actual in
ternatfonal representation in the
sacred college. OF the thirty three
i.ailan cardinals many of them are
men of the widest cosmopolitan Gull
lure and can be regarded as Italian
~ the matter of birth only. Cardinal
oeranno vanutelH for example srent
quarter of century in papal diplo-
aatlc service at the courts of Mexico,
uunlch, Belgium, Vienna and in Cen
.ai and South America His brother
passed twenty years in similar SER
wee in Holland. Belgium. Constan-
hopie and Lisbon. Cardinal Algiardi
~ ras three years in; India and four at
s'enna; Cardinal DiPietro, ten years
N Argentina. Brazil, Munich and Mad