davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-05-16
SILAGE Is GREAT FOR STOCK:
HOW PREPARED AND HOW FED

Sllage during the last three decades
mas come into general use throughout
a9 Oaassd States, especially in those
neeaohs Where the dairy industry has
reached its greatest development.
Stage is universally recognized as a
good and cheap feed for farm stock.
and particularly SO for cattle and
sheep.
Silage is the best and cheapest
form in which succulent feed can
be provided for winter use, continues
the bulletin. An acre of grain can
ne placed in the silo at cost not
exceeding that of shocking, husking,
grinding and shredding. Crops can
be put in the silo during weather
that can nQtbe used in making hay
or curing fodder which is an import
ant consideration in some localities.
"A given amount of corn in the form
OF silage will produce more milk than
Inc same amount when shocked and
dried. There is less waste in feeding
sllage than in feeding fodder. Good
Stage properly fed is all consumed,
and in addition very palatable. Like
other succulent feeds it has a bene-
hcial effect upon the digestive or
gans and some stock can be kept on
q given area of land when 1t is the
basis of the ration.
On account of the smaller cost for
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-05-16

Soil acidity is a very serious thing
There is no information which the
chemist can give which means more
when II comes to soil diagnosis and
prescription than a statement as 70
the presence or absence of soil acidity'
Such information is imperative when
a method of soil Improvement is TO be
planned. Expert chemical assistance
is not always available. Consequently
there is a demand for some simple,
easy test for soil acidity, which a
recent bulletin Of Produce University
aims TO supply.
The litmus paper test has been put
forward as a suitable qualitative test,
and it has q good deal Of value II
properly handled and properly inter
preted. It has no value and may even
be grossly misleading If improperly
handled. Litmus is a definite chemi-
cal compound when unites with
acids to form a compound red in
color. and with bases alkaline ma
teriaD to form a compound blue IN
color. Litmus paper is simply alb
sorbent paper saturated with either
red or blue htmus compounds.
The compounds used TO make hti-
mus paper are so nearly neutral, SO
nicely balanced, that only fas~-s
trace Of base or acid is required TO
change the color. For example, red
rtmus paper is changed to blue by
such a family alkaline solution as
saliva. and blue litnus paper is
changed TO red by family acid perspi-
ration. Iitmus paper deteriorates
quite rapidly with age unless kept
In glass, tightly stoppered. In view
of its extremely sensitive character
and liability to deterioration, IL is
obvious that it must be fresh and in
good condition when purchased, and
must be kept tightly stoppered in
glass and scrupulously clean after
ward if results of any value are to
be secured from the litmus test.
The following method of testing is
recommended: Break open a moist
clod Cmoisture is essentially. insert
one end Of a strip of blue litmus
paper, sandwiched between two lay
ers of clean filter paper, and press
the soil firmly against the paper.
After ten or fifteen minutes remove
the paper and inspect. A change 70
pink or red indicates scidity. Repeat
the test several times for confirma-
ton of results. The filter paper may
he omitted but its use is strongly
recommended, particularly when test
ing flne-grained silt OF clay soils.
which tend to adhere TO the litmus
paper and obscure the results. The
fingers should never touch the end
Of the paper used for testing on &C
count of the strong probability of get
ting an acid reaction from traces of
perspiration or unclean hands.
The Ammonia Test.
The ammonia test is recommended
particularly for peaty or other black
swamp-formed soils. This test is
based on the fact that organic matter
in combination with lime is insoluble
in ammonia while in the absence Of
sufficient lime to combine with all the
organic matter, the uncombined por-
tons are soluble in ammonia with
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-05-16

having various devices for making
the molding OF the post a simple
matter. On account OF the amount
of lumber saved and the ease with
which these molds are filed, straight
molds are generally made in sets
or gangs" by constructing several
side by side with a continuous bot
tom and end pieces, Posts should be
reinforced with a rod or wire in each
corner. In most cases round bars
three slxteenths or one-fourth inch in
diameter are used.
Fills Molds Promptly.
After the molds have been oiled or
soaped, the concrete should be placed
In them at once. If, for any reason,
the concrete stands thirty minutes
before using, il should be thrown
away and a new batch mixed. for
cement, If IL has once partially set,
makes weak, dangerous concrete,
even though 1t Is retempered by turn
ing or adding water After the molds
are filed evenly to the depth Of
three-fourths of an inch or one inch.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-05-16

What to feed growing and grown
stock so as to get the most produc-
ton out of the least feed Is one OF
the biggest, II not the biggest, ques-
ton that confronts the poultryman.
The agricultural experiment stations
have devoted much of their time to
trying to solve this one problem and
much progress has been made to-
ward 1t. That an abundance OF food
best suited to produce the greatest
vigor in laying hens and to stimulate
the reproductive organs Is necessary
IL profitable egg yield is 10 be Sc
cured, is the declaration OF Prof.
Harry Reynolds Lewis, assistant pro-
feesor OF poultry husbandry at the
New Jersey State Experiment Sta
ton. Prof. Lewis has made an ex-
haustive study of poultry rations.
He declares that an efficient ration
should be prepared with the follow
ing factors In mind: ID 1t must
contain q sufficient amount of food
nutrients. (2) These nutrients must
be in the right proportion. (3) 1t
must be succulent and palatable. az
II must be economical, but not neces-
sarily cheap. (5) 1t must be regu-
larly fed. (6) Grit, shell charcoal
and salt must be supplied.
The following are the New Jersey
State dry mash and supplemental
rations:
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-05-16

The fowls should eat about one
half as much mash by night as whole
grain. Regulate the proportion Of
grain and ground feed by giving a
light feeding Of grain in the morn
ing, and about all they will con-
sumo at the afternoon feeding lin
time to find grain before dark In
the case of pullets or fowls in heavy
laying, restrict both night and morn
ing feeding 10 induce heavy eating
Of dry mash, especially in the case Of
hens. This ration should be supple
mented with beets, cabbage. sprouted
oats, green clover, or other succulent
food, unless running on grass COW
cred range. Grit, cracked oyster shell
and charcoal should be accessible at
all times. Green food should not be
fed in frozen condition. All feed
and litter used should be strictly
sweet, clean and free from mustiness,
mold or decay. Serious losses fire.
quently occur from disease. due to
the fowls taking into their bodies
through their Intestinal tract OF
lungs. the spores of the fungus caus-
ing molds.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-05-16

according to the spacing Of the rein.
forcing rods or wires. the reinforce
ment should be laid IN properly
spaced by means of at least three
''fool-proof' wire spacers. The cor
crete should then be poured Ia unEa
the mods are flied within three
fOurths of an inch OF one inch Of the
top, when the remaining reinforce
ment is fitted in place in the manner
described above and the molds are
completely filed. To render the con-
crete more compact, q crowbsr or 4
pinch bar should be placed under
each corner Of the mold successfully
and moved up and down quickly
This vibration makes the concrete
more compact by shaking out the air
bubbles. but there viii be very fe8
Of these bubbles If the concrete g
thoroughly mixed and Of proper con-
sistency. If desired, the exposed cor
ners of the post may be beyeled with
an ledger" and the open-face given
a neat finish by using a trowel i1nrne-
diately after the surface water has
been absorbed and before the concrete
has become too hard.
The following are exceedingly i'm
portant precautions:
Do not expose the newly made posts
TO wind, nor sunshine or frost
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-05-16
Hen Losing Use of Legs.

What is the cause of hen losing
the use of her legs? I. o. w
Newark.
Leg weakness may be due to one OF
several improper conditions: Confine-
ment and a consequent lack of exer-
else; erroneous methods of feeding
principally too much stimulating
food, low vitality in the stock, damp
ness, injury or improper ventilation.
The principal cause of leg weakness
is the use of too stimulating FOODS
given in too large quantities TO fowls
in rather close confinement. fowls
having free range are able TO run on
a larger amount of rich, stimulating
foods than those confined. Leg weak
ness generally indicates needed
change in the method of feeding,
namely, the fowls should be fed i'll
such a way as to encourage exercise
on their part. If they are being given
rich. stimulating food, the stimulating
ingredients should be removed en-
tirely or partially decreased i'll
amount.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-05-16

1t will be seen that this dry mash
costs S1.80 per 100 pounds, and has
nutritive ratio of 1-3.02
This mash should be kept before
the birds all the time in large self
feeding hoppers. During the mott
ing season, or the months of July,
August and September, 1t Is advis-
able to substitute oil-meal for the
gluten, in the same proportion, to
hasten the growth of feathers. The
above mash is designed especially for
the feeding of Leghorns. Where the
heavier breeds are kept, especially
yearling or two-year-old hens, the
tendency will usually be to take on
an excess of fat. Under these condi-
tions, 1t IL the best policy to restrict
the amount of mash eaten by leaving
the hopper open during the afternoon
only, thus inducing the birds to work
more for the cracked grains in the
litter.
The following modification of the
above mash will be found more econ
omical for summer feeding, especially
IL the birds have an abundance of free
range. with green grass and plenty
Of grubs and insects:
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-05-16

Can one person successfully take
care of 900 hens and do all the work
himself? L. F. NJ.
Harrison.
A person can take care of LOCO hens
and do the work satisfactorily, pro-
viding the fowls are kept in large
flocks in houses built properly with
respect to ease Of operation. This
would not include the labor of hatch
ing and rearing chickens, nor would
it necessarily include the packing
and shipping of eggs and poultry to
market Where fowls are kept in
flocks of 100 or more. and the mod
ern labor-saving appliances are used
one man should be able to care for
1900 hens, so far as actual feeding of
the fowls, cleaning the houses and
gathering the eggs are concerned.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-05-16

cracked grains at the rate Of ten
pounds to each one hundred birds.
This manner of feeding gives to the
birds the material suitable for sup
plying heat to the body during the
night. The following night ration is
designed for White Leghorns. When
feeding heavier breeds, 1t is desirable
to eliminate one-half of the cracked
corn and all of the buckwheat. A
good rule in feeding this ration is to
give all that the birds will eat, or
rather more, so as to have little
left for them to go to work on the
next morning.
Night Ration.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-05-16

males, when exposed to the sun and
rain, seem to tan or sunburn. so that
most of them show anywhere from a
cream to a metallic lustre on their
hackle, back and saddle feathers.
In conclusion, we all like to ''holler'
for our own breed. l am not in
clined, however, to try and induce
poultrymen who are satisfied with
some other breed to discard 1t and
take up the Orplngton. If you are
not satisfied with the breed you have
at present, then try the Orpington.
II you want to know, try Orpingtons
along with some other breed and de-
eide their merits for yourself.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-05-16

to take plenty Of exercise. Exercise
keeps the layers in the best physical
condition by keeping the blood circu-
lating and aiding digestion. The best
way to induce this exercise Is to feed
all of the cracked and whole grains
in deep litter on the floor Of the
house. Another and a very popular
way, too, is to use one OF the several
kinds of patent feeders, by means of
which the food is released only by the
activity of the chickens themselves.
One such feeder is illustrated with
this article.
Another famous authority on poul-
try rations is Professor James p. Rice,
of Cornell University. Professor Rice's
plan has been adopted by many sue
cessful poultrymen and it is one of
the best in existence. The method, in
brief, is as follows:
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-05-16

The feeding of an abundance Of
sueeuleut material is necessary to
supply the water, for the whole egg
contains over So per cent. of this
material
Mangel beets and cabbage make
ideal succulent feeds, for they can be
grown in large quantities, and be
easily stored during the winter, and
are fed without excessive labor. In
the absence of these, oats should be
sprouted by being spread out on flats
to the depth of one inch and kept at
"a temperature Of about 10 degrees In
about seven days the sprouts will
have attained a length Of over four
inches. This is the most desirable
stage at which to feed them to get
the most water.
The laying hen should be compelled
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-05-16

I have been much interested in
your article on Strawberries. Please
give me the name of the variety of
early strawberries that will do well
on clayey soil? S. T. d.
Elizabeth.
An early berry that will do well
on clay or any other soil can only
be determined by trial. Strawberries
are very particular as to require
ments, and one that would do well In
one place might be a failure In an
other under apparently similar con-
6itions. Choose several varieties and
try them; then select the one that
most nearly fills the requirements.
This is probably the only sure way.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-05-16

Do not remove the mold from the
green post until thoroughly hardened,
which generally requires two or three
days. Even then the post must re-
main on the bottom board in the
shade, and not be disturbed for at
least a week. During the first tv'o
days keep the post wet and covered
with canvas, burlap or other clean
material and dampen it thereafter
each day for about a week.
The Mixture.
In mixing the concrete, II un-
screened "bank-run" gravel is decided
upon, Il should be used in the proper
tion of one part of cement to four
parts of gravel. For crushed rock or
screened gravel (Which Is much het-
ter than ''bank-run" graveD. the con-
crete should be used in the proportion
of one part of cement. two parts OF
sand and four parts Of rock gravel.
Ali measurements should be made
with the material poured loosely into
the measuring box. and the box when
full. should be carefully ieveled.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-05-16
ASK THE QUESTION BOX"
What You Want to Know About Gardening Poultry and Coun
try Problems Answered by Experts

full
nte
address Initials
of the plant tem and eav
Question Inc Evening star
Newak ~. j..
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-05-16

However, on a farm where 1000 hens
are kept, usually two or three per-
sons are employed to do all the work
of caring for live stock and crops and
marketing products. Much depends
upon the kind of farming and meth
DDS of marketing, whether retail or
wholesale, and whether eggs or stock
are sold for breeding purposes.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-05-16
GOOD ADVICE

Good garden work cannot be easily
done unless good tools are available.
See that all tools are in good condi-
ton and that you have those best
adapted for your work.
1t pays to renovate the alfalfa
fields. II conserves moisture; IL in
creases hay production; it tends to
make finer and more leafy hay. and
it more rapidly increases soil fer
tility for crop rotation.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-05-16

Can turkeys be Matched in incuba-
tors and cared for in breeders the
same as chickens? Please give direc-
tons as 10 how and when young tur-
keys should be fed and how cared for
from the time they are Matched until
they are five or six weeks of age.
Somerville. j. B. G.
They can be Matched in incubators,
but are not successfully reared in
brooders, presumably due to their
wild nature. They should be confined
to a small yard, not more than twelve
feet square, until they are old enough
to Jump over a tWelVe-iRch board.
ThiS will prevent their straying too
far from their mother. After four
weeks they can be given their liberty,
shutting them up at night in the coop
or in an open-front colony house.
They can be fed the same as small
chicks. and. If possible. should be
given plenty of curd. Crumbly bread
and milk is good for the first few
days in addition to the small-chiek
feed
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-05-16

Nolrs Catalog Of Seeds. Plants and Bulbs
Is trustworthy guide for dependable varie-
ties, Il contains liz pages, with beautiful
Illustrations from photographs and 10 q book
Of valuable and reliable information with
many suggestions. The cataiog viii be Gladly
sent to all who appreciate QUALITY in seeds.
A postcard viii bring II.
). r. N0LL q CO.,
rs &nibsrry street. Newark y, !.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-05-16

the following scratching ration is fed
every morning about 8 O'Clock, both
winter and summer, in deep litter.
It's primary object, aside from its
value, is to induce exercise.
About five pounds of the scratching
ration is fed to each one hundred
birds. on the floor of the house or
under some shelter where the litter
Is dry and where there is protection
from. cold winds.
Scratching Rattan
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-05-16

IOthit s''''.'s' ~ fc'~N
II will be seen that the summer dry
mash costs s1.70 for each one hundred
pounds, and has a nutritive of 1872.
As supplemental to the above mash.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-05-16

Cornell RetiOns for Laying Hens,
The following whole grain mixture
is fed morning and afternoon in a
straw litter:
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-05-16

Is II safe to spray apples with lime
sulphur after the trees blossom?
Irvington. F. b. X.
Yes. When spraying with poison
for the codling moth, after the bios
SONS have fallen, dilute lime-sul-
pbur--1 to 40 with mixture testing
80 degrees Beaume, or 1 to Is testing
81 degrees-is an excellent fungicide
and will do no harm.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-05-16
ExtermInatInE chickweed.

Is there any spray that viii ex-
terminate chickweed? NJ. w.
Summit
Spray chickweed with a solution of
sulphate of iron, two pounds to five
gallons OF water.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-05-16

When should early tomatoes he
planted and in what kind of soil?
How can tomato rot be prevented?
What causes blight in tomatoes, and
how may 1t be prevented? G. F. A.
Belleville.
Plant as soon as all danger OF
frost is past. A light soil is best
There is no known remedy. Tomato
blight is closely related to potato
h'-''i Use q weaker solution OF
bordeaux than is commonly used for
potatoes, a 3-4-50 g pounds of copper
sulphate, pounds of lime, so gal
Ions Of water). Spray about every
ten days, from the time the plant is
we'll started until the nights become
cool For blossom lend blight no
remedy has been found.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-05-16
DandeIions In Lawn.
sscuvsf

VHIINtta"Wo IN As"W"s
n dandelions in my lawn be
there any spray tina is e.
ssctivsf R. S.
4nge.
.oas can be killed by cutting
OH the roots four inches below the
surface and spraying with the stand
ard solution of sulphate Of iron. Use
a hand sprayer.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1914-06-08

eight years in Panama, where he wal
IN the employ of the government. He
left this morning for Kansas City
where he will spend a few days.
John Knoll and family. D. T. Ga
briel and family and c. H. Dyal and
family are spending a short time al
the North Topeka outing camp at
Maple Hill.
r. r. Baer and Rufus Truelove have
returned to their homes In North To-
peka after spending a short time at
the North Topeka Outing camp at
B. NJ. Shook Of Silver Lake has re-
turned home after a business trip to
the North side.
"A surprise party was given at the
w H. Zarker home, 1923 North Jack
son street, in honor OF his fifty-fourth
birthday. Those present were: Mr..
and Mrs. Henry Zarker, Mr.. and Mrs.
Effinger. Mr.. and Mrs. Frank Deever.
Mr.. and Mrs. e. Martin. Mr.. and Mrs.
Marshall, Mr.. and Mrs. r. Snodgrass,
Mr.. and Hrs. J. Kull. Mrs. Scott, Mr..
and Mrs. w. H. Zarker. Mrs. Snod-
ker. Jaunita Effinger. Margaret Scott.
Madeline Scott, Mildred Scott. Lois
Marshall, Charles Martin, Orval Ear
ker, Russell Zarker and Ray Zarker.
w. H. Whitehead has returned to
Elmont after a business trip to the
North side.
a North side visitor Saturday evening.
c. L. Dillon of Silver Lake has re-
turned home after spending short
time in North Topeka on business.
Frank Fieldering of Elmont has re-
turned to his home after business
trip to the North side,
Roy Hall and b. F. Billings, both of
Granville, have returned to their
home after business trip to the
North side.
A. P. Howell Of Silver Lake has re-
turned homo after q business trip to
the North side
Samuel Roller has returned home to
SILVER Lake after a business trip to the
North side.
has returned to her home after spend
ing rev days in Kansas City.
ROADS In the vicinity Of the North
side were in fine condition Sunday.
Many pleasure parties in autos took
advantage OF this
DENTAL life insurance agents and their
families picnicked at Garfield park
Saturday.
The new Thomas Page elevator in
North Topeka will be finished within
a snort time. Three eight hour shifts
men now in North Topeka viii be sent
70 Manhattan when the building ID
finished. where they will work on an
other elevator being erected by the
Page company.
1t is exceptionally quiet in North
side Of petty offenses there is little
doing in police work.
Quite number Of small picnics
were held north Of the city Sunday. i