The Alaska daily empire., 1914-11-27

everywhere realizing that not only is thelr progress dependent upon it, but also their interests are common ir- irrespective of nationality
 This, however, is but one of tho many agencies working for peace. Conspicuous among tbesa iB the growing disDcsition to arbitrate In fact the Peace movement is an en. dcaYor to substitute law for force in [. ,he relation Of nations to do between
 Che nations what has already been done within the nations. To what ex. tent actual federation Is necessary to
 bring about this is as yet not clear, but our international courts, conn mission8, and conferences are Q step in this direction.
 There have been 20 international i diplomatic congresses in the last 75 years with from four to twenty-five nations represented in attendance
 AS has been pointed out there IS a close analogy between tho growth oil law between nations and within na- lions. Wrong to tho individual was formerly redressed by him without let or hindrance from the state Next, the wrongful act of the individual in. yolYed a collective responsibility on the part of an related to him by blood.
 When tribal responsibility succeed ed to family responsibility an elab- crate system of money compensations took tho place of private or family re- taliauon; and gradually as society be. | came better organized, crime and mis- demeanor came to be recognized as a ! wrong against the body polite, some thing which 1t was the business of the latter to punish
 The trial by fire, as a method Of in. viting divine intervention in favor Of the right IS now looked upon as the crude invention of stupid age. But are we not equally stupid today when we resort to war between nations as a means of determining the right or wrong in international dispute Right and justice may have no better show than they had 5000 years ago.
 We have still to lay down the prin- ciple that a wrong by one state against another is 9 matter with which the society Of nations must concern its- self There will probably be here an occasional miscarriage of justice; but how insignificant compared to the wholesale injustice. private and pub- lie. which flows from war.
 Such a legislative body win be inc possible when individual states rec ognize the necessity of surrendering certain rights for the good of the whole, such as took place when the American Union, the Swiss confeder- ation and the German Empire were formed.
 Another powerful agency Of peace has been transportation and travel. The discovery Of steam and electric ity followed by the building of rail- ways across continents and the es. taDlishment of vast fleets of steam ships upon every ocean has affected a revolution In the life of humanity.
 Society is no longer matter of units that regard each other with jealousy and fear, but all are coming to realize that tho welfare Of each Is Governed by the welfare Of the whole. No longer is the individual anxious concerning his food supply or raw ma teriala, as Inc used to be, for he knows that in these days f. the crops in one country fail they will be abundant in another and that the railway and the steamship will bring him sufficient for his needs from somewhere in the world no matter how small may be his crops in his own land.
 Ships have been called the conner cial missionaries Of the nations The term is an apt one in that they have been Instrumental in creating a feeling of interdependenoe among nations taking place of the feeling of selfsuih- ciency, and common interests taking the place of international antagonism. Far from their full realization, true. but nevertheless, having travelled far along the way,
 Commerce and war are enemies. One is an eyerworking instrument for con stuction, for softening rancor. for civilization and bringing na- tions nearer together the other, an instrument for destruction, engender- ing race hatred, retarding the pro gross of mankind.
 Another potent agency for peace has been international investment. Capi- tai has increased so rapidly in the last few decades that there has been no possibility of employing 1t an within i the borders of the countries where it was owned consequently it has gone abroad for opportunity.
 TO the newer countries, especially f of well-established autonomy Capital has come from anywhere and every /, where.
 The American continents have fur nlshed g wonderful opportunity for inc yestment with the result that the world is enclosed in a network of : and industrial ties; and in