The gazette-times. [volume] (Heppner, Or.) 1912-1925, 1914-09-03

such crops, and many sections of The
state can Go so by proper cultivation
and fertilizing, the lot of the farmer
Will be vastly improved.
Some information gathered from
my fathers farm will give a fair
idea OF the methods employed on an
everage Scotch lowland farm. The
place consists of 225 acres, fairly
level. sloping to the sea, every foot
under cultivation. The buildings
are an eight room, two story resi-
dence with out buildings, five three
room cottages for the hired men,
and a block of buildings $50 feet by
13. feet for the accommodation of
the stock and implements. All these
buildings are made of stone, with
slate roofs, and will last for gen.
erations. Most of these buildings
are devoted to the feeding of cattle
and the conversion of the straw into
manure. These cattle are brought in
from Ireland as feeders, two-year-
olds. and fatened on the turnips and
hay raised on the farm together with
a ration of linseed or cottonseed
meal compressed into a solid and
called oilcake. This farm feeds be-
tween 70 and 80 head each year,
and the contrast between the treat
ment of these cattle and the average
feeding of cattle on Willow creek
is very marked. "All they can eat
and warm comfortable b d" is the
recipe for feeding cattle successful-
ly. and the finished beef they turn
out proves that the system practiced
here is good one. The land is all
drained and many of the fields are
fenced with stone walls about five
feet high. The rent paid is $500
per acre. On the farm there are
eight men regularly employed, be-
sides extra help during potato har-
vest. These men are hired by the
year and are paid from $40 to $25
per month, with free houses for the
llarried men. They board themsel-
yes. There is also quite an ontlay
for fertilizers, as several of the
crops get special application of
prepared manure in addition to that
producedo the farm. Cultivate
and feed the ground if you want
CROP is the policy adopted. The
farm is divided into seven fields or
shifts and the rotation of crops is
as follows: oats. potatoes, wheat,
turnips, barley with which is sown
clover and grass seed, followed by
one year in hay and one in pasture,
then follows the oat crop, being
seven shifts in the seven years. each
crop occupying over 80 acres. In
this way the farmers eggs are not
In one basket, as climatic conditions
that might make poor crop in one
field might make good crop In an
ether. Two grain crops aren even
grown In succession in the same field
and the large acreage in potatoes
and turnips furnishes plenty of work
for the farm hands as every foot
of the ground is gone over with the
hoe ceyeral times during the sea-
son. and a heavy application of barn
yard manure is spread before the
crops are planted. The cost of op-
Grating farm is very heavy but the
crops seem to justify the expense.
Other features that add greatly to
the comfort and success of the farm
ers here are the good roads and the
home market. All roads are macad-
amizezd and as hard as paved streets
hence bad roads are unknown. l
have made some inquiry into the
cost of keeping up the roads, which
we would call permanent" roads,
and was very much surprised. l
fear the figures would discourage
your road enthusiasts so will not
give them, but they will cost a mint
of money, particularly in the west
ern part of the state. Whether
this cost is to be borne by the tax
layer or part of the burden be placed
on the owners of automobiles is an
open question, bat if auto licenses
were as costly in Oregon as they are
here and the proceeds placed in the
road fund, there would, in my hum
Bile opinion, be more equity and a
better feeling all round. Annual Ii
censes here are as follows: motor
bikes, $500 h. p.; thirty to forty
bikes, IS; 20 h. p. $780, thirty to
forty h. p., $50, over forty, $10O.
Such tax would not be seriously
objected to by the auto owners if
proceeds went into road fund, and
would assist materially in solving
the road question.
r. F. HYND.
Arbroath, Scotland, Aug /, 1914.
John Kenny and wife and Jimmie