The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1914-03-03

been brought forth by recent sur
yeys and it will probably be devei-
opad when the canal is compieeeu-
I have written of this region II q
former letter. II consists OF a saip
Of arid land, a thousand miles VIZ
running from the Pacific ocean paeA
10 the mountains. 1t is nearly every
ubere as dry as q bone, but there
are ffty-fve little rivers fed oy tue
SHOWS Of the Andes which give as
many valleys. where they can IalSo
sugar. rice, and cotton, and Wnicn
are now producing millions 0! uol-
lars worth of these staples tooay.
The~amount Of sugar ALREADY $50
is worth in the n~eighborhood OF elV.-
600 600 Der annum, the rice is worm
more than 100000, and the cotton
sells for $4,000, 900. There are over
200. 900 acres in cane, ana the Susa.
costs to raise liz cents q pouhu,
There are about $4,000 men enpioyeo
in the cotton plantations ana III soHic
81 the valleys they are raising from
500 to 1000 pounds to the acre.
The government is studying the
! conservation Of the water with a view
| to increasing the irrigated area OF the
| desert. and it is estimated That more
than a million and q quarter acres o.
crops can be grown by the puiiuiIiS
Of additional reservoirs n DAMS III
the Mountains. Mr.. Sutton. the amer
| lean civil engineer, who is the cnleI
OF the Peruvian government IfIiSd-
| ton survey, estimates that the an
nual flow OF water through this coast
AL region is $4,000, 900 acre-feet, n
that 10 per cent of it would give these
additional farms. The government IS
now making Neurological studies All
alona the coast from Ecudaor to Chile
and most of the valleys are being con-
-:ln.>l with % yioup fn tho QYTeflCf0N
Of their farms.
AS it Is now all Of these valleys
are producing. We tool on z ct
every port on our way down h coast
and at each barge loads OF rice, sugar
or cotton were brought out TO the
steamer. At one place we loaded a
large drove of cattle, at another about
fifty hogs and at q third they trans
ferred some tons OF rice TO the hold
of the steamer.
This desert region contains the bulk
OF the white population Of Peru. The
country has altogether very close TO
5000 900 inhabitants. The average
density Is about seven to the square
mile. The great bulk of the people
are Indians, Of whom more than g.
the Andes. The AmazOnian region Is
populated almost entirely by Indians.
About one-fourth Of the inhabitants
are Cholos, or halfbreeds. a cross be.
tween the Indians and the whites, and
there are altogether perhaps less than
e million who are Of pure Caucasian
!, descent.
A great part OF tho coast popula.
|, ton lives in the cities and towns
Lima and CallaO have together per.
t haps 100000. Arequipa. the chief city
of the south. has about $4,000. an6
; there are several cities OF $4,000 anC
upward in the small river valleys. Or
my way here I stopped at Paita- It.
population is put down at 5000, bu'
1t seemed to me that one-half tina
number would be a generous esti
: mate. The next port was Eten, sale
to contain $4,000, and still furthe,
: south was Pacasmayo and Saverry
I each containing 5000 or more. Say
: cry is the port for Truiilio, the Ole
town founded by Pizarro in honor o
his native town. It contains about 20,
O0O. / was not able to visit it. OWN,
to our short stay. although it lies oni1
ten miles inland. It is said to b,
a beautiful place and to be surround
s ed by a very rich country.
Pacasmayo looks like e little cir,
or Arabia. 1t is made up Of low. whit.
: buildings, with fiat roofs. 1t Mes RICH
on the shore with desert nountai
S OfIllIi II, anu 1t mas z steel ME
which was built by the American civ;
: engineer and SPECTATOR, Henry Meigg
when he was constructing railroads n,
: II down the west coast. Tn tow,
n is paved with cobblestones. and !
seems to be prosperous. It has a ht
tie railroad which runs back into
Veiley. through which it is said !
u might connect with an easy pass owe
! the Andes.
: Salaverry Is not unlike pacasmav,
: 1he houses are all Of story. bull
a OF stucco and painted all the color
Or the rainbow. The roofs are IA,
= There are but few windows facing III
street, n those which so face AZ
covered with iron grating or bars.
Caiiao, the chief port of Perm ;
{ me only I'VE. u~p-to-date town alon
Q ~ coast. 1t has q ~ponu1atiop =
about 10000, and it is So close +
8 Lima, with its $4,000 or $50 ool
g that the " may be practicaIly non
a. SldlIad &C nno ~