Evening star., 1914-04-18

traditions were collected and Slfted pS
| an official committee. A systematic the
ology was formulated in 1912. and since
| 1130 there has been no change of doc
trine The devout Moslem of today goes
through the same ceremonials that his
ancestors did 800 years ago.
Five main tenets constitutes the Mos
lem creed. They are: Recital of the
creed, recital five times a day of the or
dained prayers, one month of fasting in
which nothing is eaten until after sun
down. almsgiting. and at least one pill
grimage to Mecca in the life of every
devout Mohammedan The five daily
prayers are said at dawn. or Just before
sunrise. just after noon, just before sun
set. just after sunset, and just after the
day has closed. The washing Of hands
and feet preceding prayers is another
ceremonial. and the prostrations toward
Mecca during the prayers are profound.
There are special rituals for certain for
NAL occasions. Above all, the good Mo-
hammedan must say, frequently and fer
vently. There is no God but Allah. and
Mohammed is his prophet" Mohammed
ordered that the caliph or pope of the
church always should be a member of
the tribe of korish, which was the proph-
cts tribe. However. the caliph has been
the Sultan of Turkey since 1858, when
the last Abbasid died in Egypt and nomi
mated as his successor Suluman the Great,
then Sultan of Turkey.
Mohammedanism soon controlled Pales-
tine, Syria, Mesopotamia. Egypt and
north Africa In
Religion Spreads III it got foot
Into Many Nations. Tbs s nienty n Spa,i host
of fire and sword crossed the Pyrenees
and swarmed over northern Europe. Just
100 years after the passing of the prophet
the fate of Europe hung in the balance
until Charles Martel repulsed the Mos
lens at Tours. The red line Of massacre
and pillage then receded and spread out
over Asia. In the eighth and ninth cen
turies the crescent established its domi-
nance over Persia, Afghanistan and most
Of India. In the twelfth century western
Asia, Spain, northern Africa and Sicily
fell before the triumphant armies. Nav
%. 1853. the Ottoman Turks took the
proud Christian city Of Constantinople,
the queen of the eastern Roman empire
that had fiourished for over LOCO years,
and withstood the fierce sieges of Visi-
goths. Franks, Vandals, ostrogoths and
Moslems. All of southeastern Europe
followed, and later Hungary and Crete.
Today there are from 230.0O0,OOO to
3Oo.OOO.OOO Mohammedans. Over 2O,O00,-
600 are in Europe, particularly the hus-
sian Caucasus, and about $4,000, 600 are to
be found in north Africa, Egypt Arabia,
Asia Minor, Syria. Persia, Afghanistan
and northwestern India. all these belong
ing to the Caucasian and Caucasian SUBJ
species. About 1900, 600 are found among
the Dravidian mixed race. Scattered
among the Mongol peoples are to be
found 100000 Moslems, and of negroes
and negroids there are fully 36,OOO,OOO.
In addition to all these, there are mil
lions of Italians, Greeks and Albanians
who had Mohammedanism forced upon
them officially.
Only Christianity outnumbers the Mos
lem battalions 1t is estimated that those
enrolled under the cross number 475,OO0-
600. There are 256OOO,OOO Confucians,
19O, 900, 600 Hindoos. 14S,O0O.O00 Buddhists.
$4,000, eco Polytheists. 100000 Taoists.
Il, 100000 Shintoists, and about 100000
scattered.