davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-01-01
WOMAN SUFFRAGE RECEPTION.
Party at Headquarters To-day Like
Father kniclerbockcr Held.

A Father Knickerbocker reception
historically correct in all details except
that the punchbowi will be filled with
popcorn. will he held from TO this
afternoon at the Woman's Suffrage party
headquarters. - East Thirty fourth
street The guests OF honor will be
Miss Katherine Bement Davis. the new
Commissioner OF Correction, Judge and
Mrs. Ben Il. Lindsay and Mr.. and Mrs.
Etgen Bossevan.
Mrs Boisseysin. Mrs. Van Alstyne
and Mrs. Carr Van Anda will preside
at the tea table where Dutch oleokukes
made from receipt handed down from
the times OF Peter Stuyvesant will be
served.
President Anna Howard Shaw and
Mrs Carrie Chapman Gait will assist
Miss Mary Garrett HAY in receiving.
with Mrs. Robert Adamson, wife OF the
new Fire Commissioner. Mrs Charles
Minch. Mrs. Ralph Mckee and Miss
Grace Collins. The public IL invited.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-01-01

New Year were Robert Maxwell. r.. u.
Rossiter. Charles X. Crane, q. W Loft,
Frank Tiford. e. e. Tegetoff, A. II. Har-
ris. Edward r. Croker, Robert Appleton,
Montagu LaMontagne, tombstone Liv-
ingstone. Julian VI. Girard. w. g. Brown,
Joseph Grawmont. Dr. r.. NJ. Foote. Ste
venson scott. 4. Brevoort Alln, Col. II.
H. Baker. John Braden, j. c. Puud.r-
ford. John A. Mckay. Henry Ollendorf,
william Lenox. Whitney Warren. Frank
Fellows John Christensen. Dr. Whitney
Lyon. l.. W Moore. J. NJ. Parish, T. Z.
Graham. ". II. Bolton. J. A. Hoagland,
r. Ashley Dent. Charles Clifton, Waldo
X Chas. and Il. A. Sully.
The silver service Tor the Bitmore was
designed 10y the Gorham Company es-
pecially for that hotel and its manufac-
ture has consumed one years time.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-01-01
Clynn Through The Sun Wishes
the People Happy New Year

ALBANY. Dec. 81. The following is
q New Years greeting written espe-
cially for the SvN by Gov. Glynn:
Il b the hope Of every good citizen,
whether In public or In private life, that
the New Year win be one Of honorable
prosperity for New York.
New opportunities, new responsible
ties are the heritage Of each new year.
To profit by the mistakes Of the past,
to progress with energy and wisdom, to
climb and not to fall back, these are the
resolutions which become the individual
and the State.
Those at the head Of the State G vern-
ment can best contribute to New York's
prosperity BY economy and foresight in
expendins the money Of the State. New
York cannot be mean or parsimonious in
dealing with State institutions or In the
extension and maintenance Of great
public improvements, but II can and
must receive full value for every dollar
Of public money that Is spent.
The year just ending has seen humane
and progressive laws placed upon the
statute books of New York. The year
just beginning will find these laws In
operation.
Nineteen hundred and fourteen will be
marked in New York's history as the
year in which its people first selected
their candidates for public office BY
direct vote and gave to injured workmer
the protection Of a scientific system o.
compensation.
For every citizen who sincerely at
tempts to improve his own condition anc
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-01-01
BIG CROND At THE BILTMORE'
New Hotel Attracts Many On New
Years Eve.

The festivities ut the new Biltmore
Hotel last evening were In the nature Of
a christening party AS we'll as cele-
bration OF the New Year, The hotel
formally threw open It's doors to the
public early in the evening. The crowd
rilled the large restaurant on the Madi-
son avenue side and the big palm room
adjoining. silver horseshoes were dis
tributcd as souvenirs OF the new hotel.
Among those present to welcome IL
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-01-01
NEW YEARS IN THE COUNTRY
Qsuse Parties SD Meprynaking n
Long IslanA Homes,

HHNpGy1Ap, l. J., Dec. 3l.--At all
che country houses and clubs In this seq
ton the New Year was welcomed tonight
- night royal manner.
At the Raekawsy Hunting Club there
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-01-01

solemn mass OF thsnksgi living at II o'clock
this morning in St Patrick's Cathedral.
Cardinal Farley will preside. The Rev.
r. J. Minogue will he the celebrant and
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-01-01
Hol, Name THANKSGIVING Service.

The Archdiocesan Union OF the Holy
Name Society will celebrate its annual
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-01-01

the condition Of the community in VIII oh
he lives the Governor Of the State be-
speaks a bright and successful year.
New York cannot lay claim to the honor
able prosperity its resources and pros
poets should command unless its citizens
are contented, its industries prosperous
and its people united for the common
good. MARTIN GLYNN.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-01-01

tho Rev. John p. Chadwick will preacl
the sermon Mgr. Joseph F. Mooney, Y
O.. IL supreme spiritual director Of III,
union.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-01-01

sure enough, Who
Tho Algonquin. but u
Hopper Mr. and NirS
Mr.. I0d Mrs. charlie
W alter Mrs John III
Drew tine Hon HI(
Mrs winch Il Smith,
acr H. .,v't. Irwin 8
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-01-01


Fantastic
From, Tom III
n disniiied gentl|
aud truly name
Napvcllopon.
brand new step
your dainty par
and dance whil(
what young Mr.
wick Buzz, DON
I.uchow's. in
liu signs iufOr
around their st
demand of patrd
time would I've
came In on It's
Side. " est SD
town.
Ii goes wi,ho
Year was usher
unseeinly frivol
sixth avenue r
place where thd
man with the
and the little
union suit didn'
From time iu
has burst right
paniment vi ~
exercises In toW
quietly at Jack &
until the soleIn
and the passing
to instantcr.
Then some uns|
while Jack hind
head, Wilson Nil
Howard. or bpt
amid the silence
,iill. NeriIie ia
Rosemary That's
Sunnie Newman
ana so on and "a
livers a short and
the mistakes of
ly cNhortdtIons {,
the year about q,
sing impresslNslN
ing poy To night.
Dancing u
Las Vegas optic. (East Las Vegas, N.M.) 1908-1921, 1914-01-10
EUGENICS ADVOCATED
BY DR.. jim. KELLOGG
BATTLE CREEK CEREAL MANU-
FAcTuRER WANTS RACE
or THoRouCH5REDs

Battle Creek, Mich, Jan 10.--A
eugenics office FOR the purpose Of de-
veloping a racelof human thorough
breds was one Of the suggestions Of
DR.. J. NJ. Kellogg Of Battle Greek,
speaking today at the National Con-
ference for Race Betterment
1T only takes four generations. to
make thoroughbred, when the prin-
ciples Of engenics have fair chance
to operate" said DR.. Kellogg.
DR.. S. Adolphus Knopf Of New York
discussed the tuberculosis problem
In spite of all our efforts, we are
still losing about 100000 people an
nuaIly because Of tuberculosis in the
United States. he safd "of these,
/ venture to say about $4,000 are To.
bercuIosia children. The 10000
adults who die annually Of tu-
bercuIosis have At the average been
iii and unable to work for at least
two years. and figuring their cost to
the commonwealth at only $1,000 Q
year, we have an expenditure Of $780,
100000 uselessly spens in caring for
a disease that migba 1aYe been pre-
vented or cured"
Factory Degeneration was the
subject Of an address by Dr. Newell
DWIGHT HiIlis Of Brooklyn. Factory
reform is a potent means Of race bet
terment he said.
Las Vegas optic. (East Las Vegas, N.M.) 1908-1921, 1914-01-10
INDIANS ARE WITH HIM
THE YAouts WILL ASSIST in
THE OPERATIONS or THE
REBEL TROOPS
MANY FEDERALS DESERT
ARTILLERYMEN FROM HuERTA's
ARMY WILL. JOIN oPPos-
ING FORCES

Cruz de Piedra, sonora, Jan. TO-
General venustiano Carranza passed
the night here, within two miles Of
the federal outpoats Of Guaymas. The
conatitutionalist commander and
members OF bis party slept in an old
fort built as protection against the
Yaqui Indianas, who today are fight
ing for the constitutionalist revolu-
tion.
The Carranza party prepared to
proceed southward this afternoon.
Absolute prohibition Of liquor is
maintained at all camps where IN
dian troops are stationed. The men
are armed mostly with Mauser rifles
captured from the federals.
Since Carranza has arrived at the
front dozen federal artillerymen
have presented themselves here The
deserters told story today Of how
on wednesday a Japanese battleship
arrived at Guaymas harbor and land
ed a Japanese, said to have been the
imperial minister II foreign relations,
He was received by General ojeda
~ q salute of q Guns they said
Carfan ansaE
Maytorena, where 1100 Mayor IN
dians were encamped He also in
spected 800 Yaqui braves stationed
at Ortiz, just north OF Moytorena.
There are ZOO indians garrisoned
at Cruz de Piedra and all will be em-
ployed with the native Sonora troops
whenever the word is gwen to renew
the campaign against Guaymas. VIZ
AS the Carranza special drew into
Ortiz and Maytorena yesterday, line
Of Indian troops on either side of the
tracks for nearlya . half mile present
ed arms,
Las Vegas optic. (East Las Vegas, N.M.) 1908-1921, 1914-01-10
LOOKING FoR 4 pERELIcr

Seattle, Wash. Jan. 10.-A south
west wind was blowing Is miles an
hcur at Cape Flattery today, and if the
disabled schooner William f. Carms
is afloat probably she win be picked
up by the tug Tatoosh, which started
TO look for her yesterday afternoon
The CAIRNS was sighted helpless 100
miles Southwest Of the cape last week
ny the schooner Crescent, which her.
self was disabled BY the storm.
The Garms was aeaEsng, and only
the stub Of her foremost remained
above water There were Il men en-
the Garms. she was loaded with
mining timbers for Santa Rosalia,
Mexico. The weather has continued
stormy since the CAIRNS was sighted
Las Vegas optic. (East Las Vegas, N.M.) 1908-1921, 1914-01-10
False Affldavlts Traced

New York, Jan. 1.-Two arrests
we're made today on Information fur
nished by detectives employed by
copper mine owners to investigate al
legged false affdavits obtained here
from so-called thugs and strong-arm
men, who said they were engaged by
the mine owners to work at the scene
OF the mine strike in Michigan. The
district attorneys office announced
that it had evidence to support Sc
rious charge made by the mine own
ers' detectives.
Two of those who appeared as hav-
ing made affidavits. have sworn that
their signatures on these documents
We're forged.
John T. Vickery, general manager
Of the detective agency that gave the
district attorney the evidence, said
he had been employed by James Nc
Naughton, general manager Of the
Calumet and EIscla Mining company,
and Theorore Bangler, general man
ager of the Mohawk Mining company,
both Of Michigan. He turned over to
the prosecutor what purported to be
receipts signed by various persons
acknowledging the receipt Of sums
ranging from $1.5OHto SO by Martin
and Smith for the signing Of affi-
davits.
He charged that the Western Fed
Grafton Of Miners employed Martin
and Smith and other agents to buy
these affidavits in the slums Of New
york. The mine owners detectives
exhibited blank affidavlts forms,
which, they said, the miners agents
paid men to sign and filled in after
wards They showed copies Of such
an affidavIt bearing the name Of
James Greeley and then produced
Greeley. who swore in the district
attorneys office that he never had
made any such charges as the docl-
ment contained. Richard Maher told
the district attorney that on Decem-
Der 3. when he was supposed to have
signed an affidavit in New York, he
was in Michigan.
The examination Of Martin and
Smith was postponed and they we're
paroled in the custody Of their coun-
sci
Las Vegas optic. (East Las Vegas, N.M.) 1908-1921, 1914-01-10
BOND ISSUE is DENIED
THE ROAD HAD PLANNED TO IS.
SUE coNvERTlBLEs TO
AMOUNT or ss7,oOo,ooo
BREAK IN STOCK COMES
ANNOUNCEMENT OF SITUATION
CAUSES FEvERlsH DESIRES
TO SELL

New York, Jan. TO- Traders on the
New York curb market today saw
100000 vanish in thin air, Paper
profits estimated at his amount dis
appeared over night on account OF the
refusalNof the Massachusetts supreme
court to permit the New Haven Rail-
road company to issue $67, 100000 con
vertible bonds.
According to the custom on the
curb, trading in these bonds began
as soon as the company announced
it would issue them. They were
bought and sold ''when and if issued, 2
the seller Of the bonds guaranteeing
to the buyer to maks delivery when
the securities actually we're issued.
The New Haven convertibles were a
poular issue from the start and there
was heavy trading in them, at about
102. Later these bonds when is
sued" were transferred to the New
York Stock exchange, where the price
rose to 104. The transactions there
aggregated over S24.O0O,OOO
The decision Of tha Massachusetts
court ndInies 81 c0ntfats ana tflS
paper profits Of traders as a result
OF the rise in the quotation went glim-
merIng.
One curb broker today displayed
contracts for the New Haven con
vertibles which he safd represented
profits Of $4,000. He tore them up
with a grimace.
On the stock exchange there was a
sharp break in the New Haven stock.
1t opened down 81 points at 70, but
there was no excited trading and the
price subsequently rose above 75. The
low price in the history Of the com
pany, made last December when She
dividend was passed, was 68ss. The
old convertible six per cent rose Sss
points. IA member Of the firm Of y.
P. Morgan and Company said today
that as far as his house was concerned
no arrangement had been made to care
for the $45,OOO,OOO short term notes,
which fall due in May. There was a
report from Boston that the Morgan
company and two Boston houses had
agreed on an extension Of the notes
for three years.
It was further stated here, however,
that no guarantee for such an extern
sion had been given, and that Nor
gan and Company would take no de-
finite action at present, certainly not
before some time next week
Las Vegas optic. (East Las Vegas, N.M.) 1908-1921, 1914-01-10
TRAFFIC IS TIED UP
IN THE TRANsvAAL NoTA rRAlk
IS MOVING; CAPE COLONY
LINES RUN
CITIZENS ARE ALIVE
WILL CALL OUT THEIR REsERvE
ORGANIZATION, lF NEG
EssARY

Pretoria. Union Of South Africa.
Jan. TO-. The conviction is GROWING
here that the government Of the.
Union Of South Africa il faced with
a situation more III the nature Of 4
revolution than Of an ordinary strika
while the fear that the trouble nav
spread to the natives in the various
provinces is causing a panic among
women in the outlying districts.
Mr.. Bain, secretary Of the Trades,
federation, this morning informed
workers at johannesburg that etO-
morrow mass meeting viii be Of
greater signiflcance in the worIa
than the Fourth of July
Mr.. Ward, another official of the
Trades federation, threatened retail
iation for the governments arrest 81
the mems leaders. The general body
Of citizens seem to be wholly on the
side Of the government The citizen
defense force IS being mobiIized with
marvellous rapidity, the men swarm
ing into this city and Johannesburt
70 join their respective regiments.
All fAa strasetie heigts along u.
ilfs.Isd az Be- h1
tachments Of troops. and every pc
sible preeaution has been taken 81
"A. "a
Las Vegas optic. (East Las Vegas, N.M.) 1908-1921, 1914-01-10

ward with some anxiety to the com
ing meeting Of tie legislative commit
tee Of the American Federation Of La
Dor in Washington None Of them
was willing, however, to discuss this
phase Of the situation for publication.
Socialism had been an issue in the
commnaity, generally for some years.
Admittedly strong at the beginning Of
the strike, especially in Hancock, It
has been said that the adherents Of
the party have found recruits daily
among the strikers. fhis fact was
one of the chief grounds on which
the copper mine operators have re-
fused to treat with the Western Fed
Grafton Of Miners.
Las Vegas optic. (East Las Vegas, N.M.) 1908-1921, 1914-01-10
Defense Is Prepared

Cape Town, Union Of South Africa,
Jan. TO- Drastic measures have been
taken BY the government Of the
Union Of South AFRICA to prevent se-
rious trouble arising out Of the strike
Of railway men in the Transvaal and
Orange state provinces.
The entire defense FORCES of South
Africa, including the regulars and the
Citizens reserve, are being mobiliz-
ed for the protection Of property
which the government believes to be-
threatened.
The strikers have tied up railroad
traffic in the Transvaal and the or
ange state, but have not yet succeed
ed IN interfering with transportation
at Cape Colony and Natal
Las Vegas optic. (East Las Vegas, N.M.) 1908-1921, 1914-01-10
WESTERN FEDERATION TORN
BY INTERNAL DISSENSION
Injection Of SoCialistiC Party into the Sit
uatiou in the Michigan Copper Coun.
try Causes Grave Fear for Sue
cess Of Unions Demands

Houghton. Mich, Jan. 1O.-The ex
change of kilograms yesterday be
tween Charles H. Meyer, president Of
the Western Federation of Miners
and Governor Woodbridge N, Ferris
OF Michigan, was not entirely salts
factory from the federation viewpoint
it developed today. The men who
have been directing the strike Of cop,
per miners today were inclined to
criticize the governor on the ground
he had made proposition and then
had winked the other eye at it,
There were evidences, too, that all
was not harmonious in union circles,
and the presence OF the investigating
committee of the national socialist
party was thought to have been the
cause of some warm discussion among
the leaders. From the start of the
strike there has been frequent refer
ence in resolutions and statements to
tenets Of that party, and it has be
come evident that some outside un-
ions have presented this fact as tend
ing to introduce political discussion,
into serious deliberations, which, they
thought, should have been purely
trades. union mov vement.
Accordingly the men IN active
charge OF the strike are looking for
siderlng the report at his home here
the governor said he would not ex
press any personal opinion on it un-
til he had seen it in complete form
Il want to see the whole report,
and think the department should
see that the complete report gets be-
fore the people in congress and out
side" said the governor.
Governor Ferris said ne is not GER
tain when he will give out formal
statement announcing the result Of
his personal investigation.
Il have hope, he said, that the
miners and operators win come to
terms without outside help. win
not say / believe such a thing can
be accomplished. In insist, even at
this time, that If outsiders and !
include agitators Of various interests
and political parties would keep out
Of that affair it would be long step
toward ending the trouble"
Las Vegas optic. (East Las Vegas, N.M.) 1908-1921, 1914-01-10
SEVEN SAILORS FOUND
GUILTY OF MlITINY
MEMBERS OF cRsW or MANGA
REVA no BE- PUNISHED FOR
lNsURREcTlON

Wilmington Del, Jan. 1O.- Seven
members Of the crew Of the bark
Manga Reva on trial in the United
States court here this week on a
charge of mutiny, were found guilty
by a jury today
A recommendation Of mercy was in
cluded in the verdict Sentence will
be imposed next Tuesday, The men
found guilty are John David Reed, r.
ID. williams, Alvin Anderson, Joseph
Horsfall. Charles Lyons, John Edlin
and William Joyce
During the trial tho government
abandoned prosecution against six 9th
er men Of the crew who had alst
been indicted for alleged nStiny.
Las Vegas optic. (East Las Vegas, N.M.) 1908-1921, 1914-01-10
CITIZENS Word IS no
GOOD IN GERMANY
COURTS MARTIAL REFUSE TO BE.
LIEvE PEOPLE CONTRADICT
ING OFFICERS

Strassburg, Jan. TO- Courts martial
today acquitted all the German Off
GERS charged with breaches Of the
law in connection with the recent VIC
lent incidents between the military
and civilians Of zaibern. The military
judges in all cases accepted the word
Of the officers against the sworn tes-
timony Of the civilian witnesses.
Colonel Won Renter, commander Of
the Ninety-ninth infantry. was charged
with wrongful Imprisonment, but the
court found his acts justifiable.
Lieutenant schaad, accused a strik-
ing a prisoner, was released by the
same court on the ground that the
charge had not been proved.
Lieutenant Baron Won Forstner
won his appeal before a second court
martial against the citszens Of "a days
Of imprisonment imposed on him on
December 19 for striking a lame shoe
maker.
The justification Of Colonel Won
Reuters acts was based by The courl
on a decree issued by the king oi
Prussia III 1920, which gave the right
to the military to intervene without
waiting for request from the civf
authorities IN case the latter were
powerless to suppress disorders.
Las Vegas optic. (East Las Vegas, N.M.) 1908-1921, 1914-01-10
Watching Grand Jury

Houghton, Mich, Jan. 1O.--With the
departure yesterday Of Governor Fer
ris from the copper country, chief in
terest in the strike Of the northern
Michigan copper miners today cen
tered in the work of the special
Houghton county grand jury which is
investigating lawlessness resulting
from the strike Intimations that the
work Of the grand Jury will be at
tackled on legal Grounds were made at
union beadqeaiss 98av
Las Vegas optic. (East Las Vegas, N.M.) 1908-1921, 1914-01-10
OLD CONCERN FAILS

Norwicr, n. Y, Jan. TO-. Pierce,
Butler & Pierce, manufacturers, a
S5.000.000 hardware corporation, one
of the Oldest in New York state was
today placed ii the hands of a federal
receiver Creditors filed petition
asking to have the company adiudg-
ed bankrupt. alleging Its inability 70
pay its debts. Assets were placed at
SO, 291 000 and Liabilities at $l,902, 600.
Las Vegas optic. (East Las Vegas, N.M.) 1908-1921, 1914-01-10

Jagersfontein, Union Of South AZ
rica, Jan. 10.--seten native laborers
in the diamond mines were killed and
So wounded in the courre Of an out
break today. A few whites also ia.
ceived injuries. The trouble had no
connection with the strike of railroad
men. It resulted in a dispute abouk
the death Of Basuto.
Las Vegas optic. (East Las Vegas, N.M.) 1908-1921, 1914-01-10
Small Leak Found

New York, Jan. TO- The Standard
Oil company received a wireless mes
sage today from the captain Of the
Comet, saying that a small leak had
been discovered after the vessel left
Boston. To prevent an explosion, the
fires were drawn.
Las Vegas optic. (East Las Vegas, N.M.) 1908-1921, 1914-01-10
RIcnARp RRuMER pEAp

Pueblo. Colo. Jan. 10-Richard J..
Bruner, one OF the most prominent
pioneer merchants Of this city and
donor Of Bruner Park to the city
dropped dead while cranlsing his auto
mobile to-day Mr. Bruner had been
in i'll health for some time The ikn-
mediate canse oE death Is attributed
To hemozTbnee of tine brain.
Las Vegas optic. (East Las Vegas, N.M.) 1908-1921, 1914-01-10
WIRELESS REPORTS
VESSEL SINKING
STANDARD OIL STEAMER COMET
is IN DISTRESS OFF
NANTUCKET

New Bedford. Mass, Jan. 1O-A
wireless reporting the steamer Comet
sinking off Nantucket south shoals
was received today by the revenue
cutter Achsnut, which left Immediate
" an render assistance.
The steamer in distress IS believed
to be Standard Oil boat which left
Boston for New York yesterday.
Las Vegas optic. (East Las Vegas, N.M.) 1908-1921, 1914-01-10
STEEL TONNAGE EALLs

New York, Jan. 1O.-The unfilled
tonnage OF the United States Steel
corporation on December 81 totaled
4.2S2 .1Os tons, = decrease Of 114,2S9
tons over November! This Is. the
twelfth consecutive decrease Of the
year.
Las Vegas optic. (East Las Vegas, N.M.) 1908-1921, 1914-01-10
AnItators Cause Trouble

Big Rapids, Mich, Jan. TO- Gov
ernor Ferris today showed much IN
terest in the report Of the depart
ment Of labor's Investigation ID the
copper strike district After con-
Las Vegas optic. (East Las Vegas, N.M.) 1908-1921, 1914-01-10


THE total dividends paid from date
Of organization in 1871 to and includ-
ing March 30, 1918 were $121,O5O,OOO,
besides having re-inFested $75,0OO,OOO
out OF its net earnings"
The report gives a description of
the pension fund and other convenien-
ces maintained by the Calumet and
Hecla for its employees.
The regularly paid profits Of the
Calumet and Hecla company which
employs more than SO per cent Of
the miners in the Michigan copper
district were characterized as ex-
tremely large, in a report on the cop
per strike submitted today by Sec
retary Wilson by Walter B. Palmer,
an investigator OF the department Of
labor
Palmer reported that the general
AVERAGE Of wages paid by all the com
panies throughout the year was $3.50.