davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1914-07-31
1Q|S,..zl

[WKN1Eo-Wofk 81 day o. hodF.
Phone CTR, go Fourth 81.
WANTE0-Day work. and mems
washing and mending. Call 800.
ION LEAsE--some hay land, near
Btsmarck. Geo. Register
.WANTkb-Good s~econ6s6and dellv.
cry or light wagon or horse and
wagon, ut once. See !. *. Doran,
Tribune ONCE. &
WAN1E6-TI6 rent, Z eood barn Il
sbDre baAement. within nve blocks
q postOfhce. fcr storage purposes.
Phone 465.
MANTEo-A second hand one hofSs
wagon, Box ~,
EWHlyyeb-16Tclean ONCE. zddFeSs
KY, care Tribune. ..3l
Ec0NThAcT6R0I- Jennings Bros,
QeSSrhlt Buiidiag Contractors and
Mevstor Builders. W.sAek. N. ID.
TWAltTEo-Washlag,. n1eadsngs 1n1
plaia sewiag. ~ seventh South.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1914-07-31

ROOMS ron xJuf
isoARo AND RooM III Third s..
foRRENT-Rooms Nos. s and Z,
Hughes Building, Fourth 81.
Hughes Electric CO. .,e
f6k 1EN7-Furnlshe4 rooms; so
Floirth Ast. Phone 14ols
IN kfNT-Furnisled nom fpT
rent. 6o7 Fourth 81. Phone i20.t@
ron RENT-Fqur .fnrpished o. d,
NQrniSheA rooms Tor tight houss.
kseplnk. 1873 nth ~ Herman Odss
FVN KENT-Tw0 modern furnished
rooms for light housekeeping,
Duncan MCGillis.
Ip0SNj63Ep K00MS-lFof light
Housekeeping. Dakota Blk. Phone
S .oye ".
st6 HENT-Larges modern front
MDm, suitable for two sor three.
.Ei,0cated on first door. Mrs. Leslie,
~ Fourth St.
Ton 6ENT-Furni1ned rooms q
modern house. Inquire, 80 Ninth
pst
k1Nf-Nicely fuf1ished rooms
housekeeping, - modern hours,
n Fourth st. 3P1hone 4o4RF.
ION KENT-ModeTn house keepin1
roquas. Phone 3s3sX. / d
ION kkN1-Largo tf0nt s5apaTI61
1870 hIa To- AtW ~ NnaAbfIx
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1914-07-31

SUMae0M8.
|state Of North Dakota, County Of Bur.
leigh; ~ District Court. sixth Judi.
cial District:
SUMMONS.
William Rohidou. Plaintiff. 4s

Va. sssaSS@ SS4ss
Thomas Mellon, Andrew Mellon, and
oil other persons, unknOwn, Claim.
Ing any interest IN, or Hen or en-.
,cumbrance upon the. property de-
Scftbed 81 the complaint, Defend
mt.
State. Of Norh Dakota to the Above
Named Defendants Y0HS are hereby
|snmm0ned tosansRar ueEomplaint "
the plAfntiff IN This aoti0n, . cory Of
WhichsiA Sheyot0 annexed and herewith
served upon you, the original Of which
will be filed with the Clerk Of District
Court In and for the aEonutys II l,usss
leigh, state sof North Dakots; and 10
|eorvel copy, Of YOUR answer upon the
sabscrtbed within Thirty days after
the service Of this summons upon
Ipu, exclusive OF the day d said ser
tIlce, and IN case o; your failure to
appear OF answer. jadgneAt N}l -
|takensapiast you by default for tho
relief demA7ded n The complaint.
Dated june 20. 1914.
~ s ] r. r. McCERDY.
|Gs r. u MeCusdy, attorney for the
Dlsintiff, reStfence and pOzt 0fflcesa1.
dress, Bismarck N. Dag.
TO the Allows Named Defendants:
Eou viii pleass take notice that this
|action u drought for tkesp usj,ose q
'@sterni9ing sdyesse claims and to
|0uiet tie title Tor the p!aintiff 10 the
|Dfoperty IN Burleigh Comfy, North
DRkOta.pd00critod@aS Northwest quar-.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1914-07-31
.EMPERolR'S BITTER cur
,,.cloIinIIa''TIarI 49, liI(IIf; IllI n,
poLEoM1 EnlETpkl1A


events q III hissosy eeall 4 -
~ abdication q NapoSeon - -
pespg ~ lFtancs.apd ~ siGnin16a1
Ioe ths righn 70 IL faAilJ AotA ~
throne q that falr iand. Ths Doaf6Dcn
family 49, Is bs rstnfnsd = powOns
III, AIaes having entered Pafiaa b 1
Napoleon. besst % evsgy hGA Mll
TIE downward alido frpm ths csS1e G9
powsr, had returned % yontalnenleeA
K ths beginning q April. Sool liataossa
though he would not rs00G1lses $500
He No sim bent on doing soensfhing1
On tho night " April 4, CaanlainessgNs
eetnrnsd from Paris Nth - lA6Ng
that tho senate ~ Asposed ~ foss
meIs master. His reception O. tAa.n1eXy
wap dramatic.
no following ~ xAsa ~ ,p1a =
His o@cerp were called ss III &.
Il bavs oehes1 20 ~ nQpa1sofAJsS
anlef.. said 81. apsaessatithss DGtlo,ll
o. gFaa& saeriooes. lI1aees - -
farmer sfroltiers. No ~ Tsell1sep66;SAl y
0llpws sthe$lFooDa n WepS - -
coakade. I nm attack Flz1g
eoyosssAm I right" n. n q. ,5,ss 4
me agpIpell 70 tAsir5 a1taehnsieSl -
rat IhsISsouscsful coagl Hgofslel
hpfporst1sm.. N. M sss.Ss
the shout q assslnt thak 111egre
gratefully IN - sats.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1914-07-31

LON HAIE-IWenty horse blanketS
and horse saddles; two tents, good
as new; cooking utensils for, camp
outfit; one handy twohols oil stove.
one set az light driving harness,
one set OF heavy, brass mounted
harness. good o. new; ONE large
covered wagon. capacity, ono and
One-half tan; one large tArpaulin.
2Ox1x IT,; q number Of rood 4team
horses and saddlers: going A. nrst
come. Address, $50. care Tribune.
Will 6UVf City Properly 4 prices
are reasonable s
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1914-07-31

fON SHEE-ltange stove. round t.
BILE and high chair; 3O2 18th st.
FOR 4ALE-3-kilowatt direct current
dynamo and complete moving picture
machine for sale. cheap; good 40
new. Chas. w. Kicker. Mandan. N.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1914-07-31

.FoR 8ALE-15-horse CSss engine,
caesp., Inquire ss M9sfshtsr, stitStnth
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1914-07-31

3uperinten6enk q ochooIs TT Bur-
/ slelEha CsnatyssNe p. Y Y
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1914-07-31

1919! house, 90 Thaasd
The Washington times., 1914-12-07
Says JefferSon's Ideas
We're Gained From French

That Thomas jefferson got the ideas
which he put into the Declaration OF
Independence directly from the French
philosopher Rousseau was asserted bJ
Prof. William Macon Coleman, at
Pythian Temple yesterday in his dis
cussion of The French Romantic
School in Literature.
Just how this happened was stated by
the professor as follows: When Thorn
as Jefferson was a young man and stu
dent at William and Mary College, Vir-
ginia, ne became the friend and guest
of Lieutenant Governor Fouquier. II
was here that jefferson read Rousseau
and from him he derived his democ-
racy in politics and his ratiOnalism IN
religion. What is of supreme import
ance, he Incorporated the philosophy
of Rousseau in the American Declara-
ton of independence. And il is not
the Constitution OF the United States
which is like tho crushing foot of the
Spanish inquisition, but the Declara-
ton of independence, which is the
Magma Charta of American liberty. And
this we owe to jefferson through Rous-
seau."
The Washington times., 1914-12-07
For Sore Muscles,
Strains prains, Bruises

Rub in a few drops of Absorbine. Jr..
and you will be agreeably surprised at
the prompt relief. II reduces infiam-
nation and swelling-aIlays pain and
soreness.
Used as a Rundown after violent
exercise or physical exertion it puts vim
and energy into jaded muscles, limbers
the joints and gives the body the glow
Of health. Rundown made by adding
one ounce Of Absorbine. Jr., to a quart
OF water or witch hazel
Absorbine, Jr.. is more than lini-
ment-it is a positive germicide. and
therefore its uses and efficiency are
doubled. Applied to cuts. wounds.
sores, It kills the germs. makes the part
aseptically clean. and promotes rapid
healing Economical. as only a few
drops are required at an application.
Made OF herbs and safe to use any
where.
AT all druggists. 800 per bottle or
postpaid. Manufactured only by
W. F. Young. p. D. F.. AS Temple
street, Springfield. Mass-Advt
The Washington times., 1914-12-07
BRYAN LAUDS EEKS
FOR BROTHERHOOD
Predicts fraternaI Societies Will
Help Preserve Peace of the
World.

Justice is a cold virtue: We need
something warmer: something that can
forgive" declared Secretary Bryan at
the impressive tribute to the memory
Of the ten members of the Washington
Lodge Of Elks at Polls Theater last
night
This order teaches not justice only.
but the higher and better virtue of
brotherly love: to extend the hand of
help when help is needed" continued
the speaker.
The fraternal organization is destined
TO play a larger part than heretofore
in the advancement of world peace.
Many OF our orders are now interna-
tional. and while they may be impotent
TO check the ravages Of war when war
has once begun, they can be potent in
the earlier stages Of discussion before
passion has converted invisible boun-
diaries into impossible barriers.
Next to the church the fraternal or
ganization Is the greatest teacher of
human brotherhood. When its members
live up to the obligations they take they
must be helpful"
The Marine Band, led by Director w.
II. Santelmann, and the choir of the
Church Of the Ascension furnished the
music. several vocal and instrumental
solos being giYen.
The Washington times., 1914-12-07
Lecture by Ostrander
Tells of Foreign Lands

Mohammedan lands. their strange
peoples and their wonderful natural
scenery. were pictured last night at
the Bclasco Theater. where Harry G.
pstrdnder gave the fourth of his Sun
day night travel talks, illustrated
with colored stereoDticon slides and
motion pictures.
Constantinople, for 1000 years the
prize of empire builders; Damascus,
the oldest city in the world; STAN
houl, the Golden Horn, and glimpses
OF the shores of the Bosphorus were
brought before the audience by Mr.
Ostrander. who related experiences he
had while taking the views.
In contrast to these scenes were
those taken in the Holy Land, in
which the audience showed a keen
interest. The hills of Lebanon. famed
for thousands OF years for their
matchless cedars; the valley through
which the Jordon flows; the wilderness
Of Judea, and the ancient road to
Jericho were some of the Biblical
Places visited. Some of the most i'm
preSsive scenes were those taken in
the Garden of Gethsemane.
"Ceylon and India will he the title
Of the concluding lecture Ivy Mr.. Ost-
rander next Sunday night.
The Washington times., 1914-12-07
Three Minute
JOURNEYS
By TEMPLE MANNING.

TN practically the center of the Des-
ert of Sahara lies the oasis of In
i salah. As you come across the
blazing sands the cool palms that
you hrst saw swimming in the heat
waves on the far horizon appear like
angel hands reckoning to a veritable
land OF promise. and camels and men
pick up heart and urge the pace a
Dat Down one of the many caravan
routes that radiate from Insalah our
little party rode into the town.
1t Is a small village made up OF a
rev houses built of mud bricks. and,
tired as ! was. I found myself won
dering where the bricks had come
from. Were they carried across the
burnt-up desert along the hundreds
OF weary miles we had come, or was
there a supply to be found pearer at
hand? / soon found out. for the next
morning I saw some of the natives
building a house
The brick making process was very
simple. There was not even the sim
plest brick machinery OF the kind we
know employed. All these desert
brick makers needed was the mud-Iike
clay and some waste straw. With
theIr hands they mo- ed the bricks
into the desired shape. and then they
spread them out in the sun TO dry.
The speed with which the house
went up under my eyes was truly
amazing, but il is a lucky thing that
these clay houses take only n short
time to build. otherwise the desert
builders might become discouraged.
For every once in a long while there
comes a heavy sand storm and the
swirling grit, grinding into the half
baked clay bricks, wears them
through, and if that rarest OF desert
things. rain storm follows. down
crumbles the clay house into the earth
again. But the desert builder is a
happy fellow, and he sings as he starts
building once more
Copyright by Newspaper Feature Service
The Washington times., 1914-12-07
Furnishes Reed
In Naming Postmaster

BY way OF punishment to Senator
Reed OF Missouri: for getting off the
reservation and refusing to follow the
wishes OF the White House I'm matters
of legislation. he has been refused the
prerogative OF naming the postmaster
of Kansas City. his home.
The President has given a recess ap-
pointment to William y. Collins. who
was backed by Congressman Borland
of Kansas City. Senator Reeds can
didate was Emmett O'Mallcy. former
mayor OF Kansas City. Senator Reed
was opposed to Borland and fought
his denomination, seeking to aid the
candidacy oil John T. Wdyland, assist
ant sergcant-at-armS OF the Senate
Borland was renominated.
Senator Reed has long ceased to be
in the good graCes OF the White House.
He has proved to be one Of the most
independent Democrats i'm Congress. lie
fought the nomination of Thomas ID.
Jones. OF the international Harvester
Company. for the Federal Reserve
Board, attacked the cniasculated Clay
ton trust bill, and otherwise refused
TO limo up for White House wishes.
Senator Reed has IL in his power TO
defeat the confirmation OF Collins. IL he
so desires.
The Washington times., 1914-12-07
APPEAL OF NEWMAN
GOES OVER ONE DAY
Court Grants Postponement on
Account of Absence From
City of Counsel.

The hearing on the appeal of Oliver p.
Newman from the Judgment of the low
er court oustinG him from the office OF
District Commissioner was continued
until tomorrow by the Court of Appeals
today. because jackson II. Ralston.
chief counsel for Mr.. Newman. was en-
gagged before the Maryland court of
appeals at Annapolis.
When the Appellate Court convened
today Attorney Richardson explained
that Mr.. Ralston would not be able to
get back to Washington before late to-
day. Attorneys Bailey and Birney. rep
resentinS the home rule committee"
interests. made no objection to a con-
tinuance because of Mr.. Ralston's alb
SenCc.
The arguments i'm the case will con-
sumo only two hours. under the rules
of the court
The Washington times., 1914-12-07
~ Advice to Girls 4
By ANNIE LAURIE.

am nearly sixteen. My mother
has been dead for some years. MY
father married again. My step
mother has a son eighteen, who
seems to think very much of me. l
think he is very nice, and l like him
very well, although ! never told him
so. My father and stepmother see
how affectionate we are to each
other and do not disapprove of it
Am too Young to think so much
of him?
Sometimes | think | love him just
as a brother, and again l don't feel
toward him as ! do to my own
brother. We go to church together
and go riding together. Is this
riSht?
He has gone to parties and had
chances to take other girls home,
but he never did this He always
went with me. Is it right for step
brother and stepsister 10 go to-
/ wish you would advise me on this
matter Is it right for a girl of six
teen TO go to a village skating rink
or dance? DADDY'S GIRL.
VOW, Daddy's Girl, you're entirely
M to young to be filling your head
with such ridiculous nonsense
Can't your poor stepbrother be
decent to you without your imagining
that he's in love with you?
Silly. silly. silly little girl. Have q
good time with your stepbrother, and
the minute he acts as If he were going
TO try to make love to you run and
tell your father or your stepmother.
If you don't you will get into serious
trouble. Mark my words!
The Washington times., 1914-12-07
ToDAY'S BEST FILMS,
BY GARDNER MACK.

NarN FickGord in "Such n Little
Queen Fnmous Players. the
els mric. 1881 Z street.
Lionel BARRYMORE. MIIIIccnt Evans
and Thomas jefferson IN '.the Seats
Of the Mighty" from the novel by
sir Gilbert Parker. CrandaIIs,
Ninth and T. streets.
Tho ~ rhoon," produced ny
ih"'nns ~. Incc, the Garden, Al
Ninth street.
Bessie I.arrIsCale in Tho Rose Of
ihr HanCho" GaSLyD, the strand,
Ninth and ID streets.
Helen Holmes In The Girl Mt
The Throttle Gi\aI~ml, the OdeOU,
{ hurcL, near Fourteenth street
Gladys SIuIcttr and Harry Beau-
mont in His Chorus Girl Wife"
II,diS"nb. the Princess. Twelfth
and ~ streets northeast.
Thomas W. Ross I'm ..Checkers,-
Famous Iiayersb, the Regent,
Eighteenth and California streets.
Francis Y 8Ushman in THE Lily
of the valley" CEssSnays the
Lyric. Fourteenth, near Irving
street.
The Washington times., 1914-12-07
Jerseymen to Banquet.

The New Jersey delegation in Con-
gress, Justice Walter 1. Mccoy. of the
District Supreme Court, and other
prominent men in Washington whose
native State is New Jersey will attend
the annual banquet OF the New Jersey
Society of Washington in Rauscher's
tonight
The Washington times., 1914-12-07
Siamese Royalty on
Tour of United States

NEW YORK. Dec. Prince and Prin-
cess Hampengpctch OF Siam, who arc
making tour Of the world in the in
terest of education. have arrived in New
York on board the steamship Mime
tonka, from London. and will spend sew
cral days here.
They will leave the latter part of
the week for Chicago and thence over
land through the Grand Canyon to Cali
fGTnia
The Washington times., 1914-12-07

being forced to work on Jobs that
they are not fitted for and SO be-
ing racked slowly to death. Osborne
advocated six months OF solitary
confinement as a punishment Tor
refusing to work.
That is but a sample OF his real
attitude. He talks about wanting
TO pay prisoners a decent wage
for their labor. but he tells the
prisoners that in order to get that
they must work hard enough now
to make the prison Industries 50
productive that such a wage might
be paid. But there can hardly be
a more vicious system than one
which requires men to labor eight
hours a day after spending four
teen hours a day in the fostering
vaults that serve as cells and eat
ing the two insufficient and poor
ly prepared meals provided by the
prison.
Letter Tells of Life.
For other members of the prison
reform board of New York State Mr..
Legere has the highest praise. He
in their effort to change prison con-
ditions so that prisons will not be
pouring into society the stream Of
human wrecks they now do"
In a letter to his sister while IN
prison. Legere drew a touching pie
ture OF his first Impressions OF the
penitentiary and its inmates. RE
said:
The "trop. trop" changed to a
shufflinG "chuff. chuff. chuff.
chuff," as the first company" OF
convicts 7 ever saw came past us
and began to ascend the stairs TO
their gallery.
They were all alike except their
faces. all in sickIy looking gray.
shoddy suits. all swinging their
bodies along before the shuffiing
feet. with swinging heads and droop-
ing shoulders, all alike. No one
stands erect in this place. No one
ever looks UP at the sun when we
daily pass from cells to the shops
and from the shops TO the cells. No
one except me. 1 still look UP at
the sun
But the faces. Those were differ
ent and ! stared at them with a
morbid fascination when they
passed, because I had never seen
faces like those before and they
burned themselves into my vision.
Soon I found myself searching for a
human face. and, finding none, Won
dered vaguely what thing could
stamp upon the faces of men such
hideous imprints; while things with
in me surged and broke to fury in
my breast. forcing tears to my eyes
I forgot then that /. too. was not
mere oniooker, but a part of that
line and / remember that ! regis
tered an immutable affirmation in
my soul, that there is nothing in
this world a man can do against his.
fellow that justifes the creation Of
that sad line of things in gray. shut
fling to their cells.
The Washington times., 1914-12-07

has any affection for you give her a
chance to show it. Don't tag after her
every place she goes
Anxious Dotty-I am sure your mother
ought TO be taking better care of you
than she does. You only fifteen and
staying out until II o'clock at night
when do you get a chance to. sleep,
anyway? Don't start deceiving your
mother about these meetings at the cor
ner. Ask her if you may receive the
boy as n caller. If she does not con-
sent, wait until you are older before
YOU begin such grown-up ways. You
should not dream of an engagement at
your aye. How do you know that this
boy, who seems so attractive to you
now will be THE man when you are
older.?
Copyright by Newspaper Feature ServiceO
The Washington times., 1914-12-07
Tells of Y. M. c. A. Work.

D. A. Davis. former religious work
director of the Y. VI. c a. in Wash
ington. and now general secretary OF
the organization in Constantinople. de-
cIared in an address at the association
yesterday that decided progress is be-
ing made in Y. NJ. @ A work in the
Balkans since the close of the last war
In those countries. Mr.. Davis viii re-
turn To his post in a few weeks
The Washington times., 1914-12-07
Holmes Quits Treasury
Of HatChet Governors

Charles W. Holmes. treasurer OF
George Washington University. has
rendered his resignation as treasurer
OF the controlling hoard or managers
of the Hatchet. weekly student publi-
cation OF the institution.
This is the first year that the publi-
cation has been managed jointly by
student body and faculty. it formerly
having been in the hands of the stu
dents
The Washington times., 1914-12-07
Ns~~ ~~-

Miss Laurie will welcome letters of
inquiry on subjects or Feminine inter-
est from young women readers of this
paper and will reply to them in these
columns. They should be addressed to
her. care of this office
The Washington times., 1914-12-07
Motor Strikes Woman.

Miss Mary Mudd. twenty-five. IDA y
street northwest, was knocked down at
Fourteenth and y streets northwest
by an automobile last night. She de-
Cined hospital treatment.
The Washington times., 1914-12-07
All Souls Holds Sale.

Many women OF the All Souls Uni
tartan Church will be in charge OF the
nnusl Christmas sale which open to-
night at $50 o'clock in the ballroom Of
the Raleigh. Informal dancing will
hegin at o'clock. The entertainment
= ~ continue tomorrow from to p. N.
The Washington times., 1914-12-07

keys and levers, curses Of keepers.
end the victim was taken away to
the Jail" one man collected maya
zines for a week, then set fire TO
them and to his mattress and was
sitting on the bunk laughing when
The Keepers found him in the midst
Of the blaze.
Critic of Osborne.
Lcscrc was in the Auburn prison
when Thomas Mott Osborne spent his
highly advertised week there. going
through the routine of other prisoners,
in an effort to get the viewpoint, as he
explained. of the prisoners. With most
of OSbOrne's preachments LcSere agrees.
bUt he asserts that when opportunity
offered Osborne failed to put his theor-
les into practice lie said:
Take the so-calIed Good Conduct
League" he tried to establish. That
was rebelled against from the out
set. because it placed prisoners IN
der Compulsion to do the things that
their only salvation was in avoiding.
When he saw that such q scheme
was impossible he converted the or
-anizatiOn into a Mutual Welfare
League" lie pTofcSSrd To believe
in a measure OF clf-coVernment
among the inmates of prison. But
when the prisoners outlined an in
telligent scheme for democratic
representation. Osborne connived
with some Of the stool pigeons
and favored ones of the prison to
set up n strong central government
controlled by those prisoners who
were the tools of the prison authori-
ties.
Osborne processes to believe that
punishment never makes a man bet
ter, yet I have heard him, in the
prison, uphold and argue for the
most vicious and fiendish punish
ment dealt out TO anyone while 1
was there.
Punishment Advocated.
The offense for which he advo-
Gated this punishment was refusing
10 work The punishment was to
be administered by the league on
the theory that refusing to work
was getting the league in bad
with the public and the State prison
department
Under the old prison system a few
days in the dungeon was the pun
ishment melted out for refusing to
work. It was one of the most nat
ural violations OF prison rules. as
Is shown by the fact that Osborne
himself while in prison for a week,
In seeking some UNSUITABLE preteXt
for breaking a rule in order to get
into the dungeon for a few hours.
refused to work on the ground that
his working conditions were intol-
cradle.
Six months later, though, the
working conditions remained the
same, and though many men are
The Washington times., 1914-12-07

CNote: These selections are based
on the personality Of the players and
The producing company and not per
sonsl inspection, except in special
'ases-ti. M