The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-03-15
SOME NEW BOOKS.
The Making Of Modern italy.


aSf0-1S61, by PiETRo ORsi. Those who
remember the Modern Italy" by the
came author in the series Of the "Sto.
fies Of the Nations" and how admir-.
ably workmanlike and satisfactory that
compendium was will turn to this new
ana kindred volume with an expecta-
tion OF instruction and interest. They
VIZ MT he disappointed. The present
work has all the qualities Of its prede.
esssor In the judlcious propprtionina
a It's plan. In Its cienrncss " exposi-
Zion and In the unfiagglng spirit with
which the story is told.
Cavour was without doubt one Of the
Indispensable factors in the making OF
modern Italy. The other two. accord
ing to the author. who agrees In this
with all the other authorities. were MAJ
Hini and Garibaldi. to whom he after
ward adds King Victor Emmanuel The
flrst three were all born In the first
decade Of the nineteenth century. Mag
xini In 1905. Carlbaldi In 1907, Cavour
In 1910. What Is more curious Is that
they were never in an real sense coll
1Aborators. MazZini. one OF the purest
Of patriots and most unselflsh OF men.
yet saw nothing to be achieved for the
regeneration Of his native land except
by conspiracies and revolutions, while
from CavOurs point Of view these were
i. annoying Interruptions to his policy
Of gaining the end by aggrandizing
what ne knew as the kingdom OF Pied
mont. but what was more commonly
known In his time as the king
dom Of Sardinia, and giving to II
the hegemony of the other petty states
into which. when his career began. the
peninsula was subdvided This he In
tended to do by playing upon the in
tefests and the feelings" so far "a
they were not merely antipathles, OF
the greater Powers OF Europe. He en-
deavored to effect his end by making
alliances with such OF them as could
be thus managed, and securing the
neutrality of the others. always ex-
cepting Austria. with which he per-
ceived that no accommodate was pos
sible, but there had to be a night 70 q
finish. Gar.ba'di was as much In favor
Of action at all hazards as Mazzini him
self, and had as little pretension to be
called a statesman. II was not only
gri0f but grievance to him that after
ne had made the famous and memoir
able expedition OF thousand into
that one of the two Sici!ies' into which
'e 49,, 49,, ,a,a,, =, c,c,lv ana
su'u, , Va, - Vi on number
-, T., ra,.,rr shouid bavo
, H., ,r,,,, 1T, an With tho
pese' I'm ,ha a,hor "sicilv" the
Svno.s' " =, nae mon mi.
,ssio'' not Cnvo,r made the famous
.S.a.a oTho mocaroni Ia not vet
noo,oa hrt ua will cat the oranges"
Tin moro bittar grievance OF his
.,ains, C,vour was that the latter had
.e,san,oa =, ,b,. tre,tv nv which Pied
.nort had coded I, france not only
IN. savoy from which the reigning
ro,.e n, Piedmont took its name, but
.,.o car;haldps own birthplace OF Nice.
yorv af,erword Gariba,d passionately
A>cl.red In tho Chamber at Turin that
ne could never shake hands with the
m.n wbo had made him a foreigner
IN italy Cavour with great self-con-
%ro, answered that in advising the King
ana moving Parliament 10 approve the
rsas,on of Nice and SAVOY 10 France
ne had discharged the most painful
Autv ne had ever performed. and added:
"If Gen. Garibaldi declines to forgive
ma for this action do not blame him.
Victor Emmanuel tried to arrange Q
reconciliation and succeeded in bring
ing the two together. Cavour wrote OF
the interview: I'VE separated II not
a friends at least without nursing
resentment" And within a month or
Cayour's death Garihald wrote MIN:
Let Victor Emmanuel be tho arm oi
ITALY and you the brain
~he preliminary account Of italy IN
,Ns eighteenth century Is really neces-
..rv 10 an understanding OF the events
- t,,lian history in the nineteenth.
Ap,er tho dissolution Of the Roman En-
n,re there had not been. until the for
,,.t,or of the modern KINGDOM NJ Italy.
env Italian unity or nationality In .
.poIitical sense Carlvle's expression,
uttered long before the unity was ac-
complished has it's truth: "The noble
1taiv is actually one. Italy produced 10
y.nte italy can speak" There was
chat is to say. the sentiment OF Italian
nationality long before the creation or
,,odern Italy lust as there was the ike
sentiment of German nationality long
NeSore the establishment OF the German
Emp,re, hut in neither case correspond
.nr 70 any political organism. Al any
rme for a thousand years or more Net
,ern,ch might have made his famous
,,Ira that "Italy t. merely A geOgra PHI