The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-05-10

most beloved or all Ameiican born prima donnas.
 
 long Price (Ap Rice, son of Rice), Bowen tAp Owen), Pritchard tAp Rich ard), Powell CAD HowelD.
 From the Norman fills a son" came the modified form F'itz, and then Fitz Warren as two names Fitzgerald or Fitz Gerald, and Fitzpatrick. Close ly allied to these are the endings kin '.et" "ey" "ot" and ing" meaning little" Hence we get Wilkins uittle WILD. Willet, Wiley, Elliot Qittle Ell las) and Cunning Oittle Dun).
 After the battle of Hastings in 1060 came the Normans, and with them a host of new names. Then We hear of the Roberts, Richards. Hollands and Mileses Ga soldier), with various mod flied forms So from Robert came Rob ertson, Robins, Robinson, Dobbs Dob binson and Dobson. Richard gave us Richardson, Richards. Kicks, Dick. DIX. Dixon Dickens, Dickinson, Hicks, Hig- gins and strangely enough Hitchcock ('cock" meaning pert young fell low).
 One more became prominent about this time, John, Johnson and the de- rivative Jones' son of John. which in its various forms of Jenkins. Jenlks, Jennings. Jack, Jackson, Jacox, the Welsh Evans. the Flemish Hanson, Hanlzins. Hancock and Little-John. gives the Smiths a hard race to keep first place.
 In those early days when old Morse deities were realities we expect to find some names derived from them. So we have Oden, probably from 'Odin." s'Thor"
 is probably seen in Torry and surely in rhorman C.rhor's man; also in Thor burn, where burn is from an old word meaning a bear an animal sacred to this god. Flint represents a subordinate deity of that name, whose image Of large size was made of flint.
 Frost likewise recalls a minor divinity, an elf "Frosti," who helped to produce cold; hence our Jack Frost of nursery rhymes. The heavenly bodies were de- fed and still live as names. Here we naturally look for MT Sun, but in vain, although MT. Moon ia fairly common. The mystery is solved, however, when We learn that among the ancient Norsemen the sun was feminine deity and the moon was her brother Starr we have, and the deities of the chief seasons have given us Summer and Winter. with Snow as the latter's companion.
 Names of Biblical Stamp
 With the extension of Christianity came names of Biblical stamp, and in great numbers Boys were named in honor of whose birthdays the children were born or saved from some disaster. Here we find Adam, Moses, David, Matthew, John. Paul or Saul, Philip or Phelps and Sey- mour est. Maur)
 II the birth occurred on a holy day gor during feast, that was recorded, and our directories contain Christmas, Yule and. of like meaning through the Nor man, Noel and Nowell, Pask and Pascal I1%x.l e fen from the feast of Epiphany Localities must have had great and permanent influence on names. Even now we speak of John Doe at the school house, by the mill OF elsewhere. In Saxon, ''ate,'' 'atte," CT ratten" meant '.at the" and old records abound with such entries as Thomas atte Grove" ants. Atwood. Atwell and Nash (''atten ash'D are of every day acquaintance. Such names as Woodman, Poole (pool or small lake), Gate, Cross, Church, Tenn pie. Crossman, Townsend, Field and Street show their origin at once. When roads were poor and bridges were scarce people had to cross deep streams by ferry, and the man nearby was called "Ferry::'' or if the stream were shallower it was crossed by a ford, and MT. Ford" is common. If the cross- ing were easy the man was called San diford.' IT. more simply, "Sanford"; if difficult, his name was "Rockford' But if the place could rise to the dignity of having a bridge, there was a keeper, and his name was sBridgeman," or Bridge" The material of the bridge was indicated by Woodbridge" { or "stonebridge"
 From Official Positions Directions are seen Tn North East, south, West Eastman and Eastwood. Tn that period of huts the man who could afford to own house was MT. House, and the material was indicated by Wood house or Stonehouse. If 1t stood by the moor or marsh 1t was Moorhouse or Nlorenouse and if the occupant used 1t for purposes of school he was called MT Scnoolhouse. If he were thrifty enough to have a painted houye he was pointed out as MT. Whitehouse. Mir Greenhouse or even Mir. Greenhut. Doubtlehss some of the names that ta,, of official position in early Enelisb i,fe were given in derision to persons who assumed the airs of the officials whoae titles they bear. but others were fr,,a titles of office In this ast we put I<,rd. Earon. Sheriff. Beadle. who served thc summons; Constable. the Chief Judge in the Court of Chivalry: Bailey (bailiff). or Reeve. Woodruff (wood reeve), Judge ard Mace. wno carried a stan before the judge.
 may mention Ward (watchman) Park man. Forester. Fowler. Messenger, 1 Hcrnblower Piper. Porter. Page Cham, berlain Cook. Carves. spicer, Butler. Jester.
 | Church and state were then one and as representatives of It's officials we find Abbott, Monk, Priest. Sexton. who had