davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1914-07-26

side stroke stated that the principal power derived
from the upper arm and that the under simply
"sustaner its only being keep the head out of
the water to facilitate breathing AS matter of fact,
the greatest power derived from the under and
the least from the upper leg. The cadence for the
modern side stroke is first the pull Of the upper
then when its pull is about half completed the legs open
for the kick, and they snap shut it has started its
recovery. The under pulls, independently of the
leg kick, on the recovery of the upper
Thus it will be seen that this stroke has one-two-
three timing, and some swimmers, especially when
swimming a slow and lazy stroke, allow slight slide
either before the upper pull after the kick,
when the limbs perfectly still and the body ghdes
along about its length. The breath is taken in
through the mouth during the first half of the
covery of the upper arm, exhalaton taking place
through the and occupying practically all the
time taken up by the rest of the stroke.
In the single over-arm the recovery of the upper
may be delayed part of the time, because its
passage through the air will take less time than when
through the water And the faster the side stroke is
swu, the less wide should the legs be opened for the
kick, until in the single overarm the upper leg should
not be opened over twelve inches. The reason for
this will be apparent to those who in their younger
days amused themselves by sitting in toy wagon and
propeling it by pulls the side of convenient
fence wall 1t will be remembered that the
long, slow pulls necessary, while the speed in
creased the pulls became shorter and quicker until
there tine when the pulls became short that
speed limit has been reached, and racing
have had other strokes to break records.
TWO important variations of the side stroke were
the North of England side stroke and the English
racing stroke In the former each limb worked in
dependenty of the others, and each foot described
progressive figure eight. On of its great diff
Guilty in being learned comparatively few people knew
how to swim it; but some great racing work
done with it. The second was just step behind the
presentday single overarm and still used by hun
dreds of swimmers all the world The legs open
for the kick in this stroke at the beginning of the up
per pull and start to close such time that they
will have closed by the time the upper finishes its
stroke Thus there is not the steady pull that there is
in the modern single overar, there being about the
difference in seadiness that there is between
and sxcylinder automobile The English racing stroke
swimmers almost invariably bend the upper leg the
knee which presents right angle to the line of pro-
gression.
Evening star., 1914-07-26

The double over-arm stroke undoubtedly expert
mented with by swimmers swimming the breast stroke
on the side; for we have double over-arm swimmers
using the breast stroke kick In this early doubleover
the head and shoulders kept high out of the
water, using up tremendous amount of energy for
good purpose. The great Trudgeon brought to Eng
land double over-arm stroke and number
of with it. Henceforth every variation of the
double has been called the Trudgeon stroke
Until the kick discarded for the up-and-down leg
futter, when it became the crawl. Some swimmers
swim the double with the breast stroke kick
and IN fact some swim it with two kicks, for
each arm pull Then side stroke swimmers, using
the SCISSORS KICK changed to double Over-arm, few
using kick to each pull, especially in short
spr1nts The shoulders gradually lowered in
to the water, and the body began to get
horizontal plane The usual method of timing the kick
was to have it finish with the ending of pull
With the advent of the English racing stroke the
double over-arm brought to high state of per-
lection, the body now being horizontal plane be-
the head almost entirely under the water
haatlon taking place in this position, and the body
given decided roll to facilitate inhalation, which
was performed by giving the head twist to the side
as the body rolling. The too began to be
recovered in a graceful Instead Of
holding them rigid in their journey through the air. the
elbows bent, held higher than the wrists, and the
arms shot forward instead of being swung in wide
semcircles.
When the timing of the English racing stroke
changed to the one-two-three timing of the modern
single over-arm the double over-ar1n changed, and
have the modern double over-arm, or Trudgeon
stroke, as it is called by many. Up to the present time
the roll has been considerably reduced and have
discarded it entirely in sprntng.
As in the single over-arm stroke, there time
when speed could be got of the double
arm, the limit having been reached by number
of swimmers. Take the incident of the toy wagon be-
ing propelled by its occupant pulling with the
a convenient fence If additional power was applied
from some other source, say boy pushing from be-
hind it grew and difficult with the increas-
ing speed until it impossible to touch the fence
at ALL except at irregular intervals. So the double
over-arm.
THE logical outcome then of the limit of speed in
the double over-arm was the introduction of the
crawl stroke. There numerous stories to how
this stroke to be used Probably the inter-
esting is that brothers, famous swimmers Aus
tralia had argument to which set of limbs, the
Evening star., 1914-07-26

ming was the invention of the scissors kick Evil
IDENTIFY someone with inquiring turn of mind COM
pared the rate of speed of the side stroke with and
without the of the legs. 1t would have been found
that the time when going at topmost speed was very
nearly the in both that the opening of the
legs for the recovery acted BRAKE couneracng to
greater lesser degree the force of the kick This
because that part of both legs from the hips to the
knees presented right angles to the line of progression
The kick then changed that the legs opened
if in the act of running, only considerably wider, and
the knee of the upper leg drawn up to the
chin possible In running each leg brought forward
in its turn; but in swimming the scissors kick, the
upper goes forward at each stroke and the lower
backward. Of course the reversed kick had its advo
Gates, and even swimmers found opening the
legs that the under goes forward and upper
backward.
THE first scissors kick bears only slight resemblance
to the accepted one of today. 1t gradually
altered until at the present time the upper leg not bent
at ALL the movement taking place at the hip swinging
the leg forward very short distance, and back again
to line of the body The ankle exed that
the toes point toward the shin with the forward
ment and point along the line of the leg when it is
closed. The bending Of the under leg takes place
at the knee it going backward for the recovery, and
the ankle hexed that the toes point toward the
shin. For the positive part of the kick it is snap
ped forward to meet, but not pass the upper leg,
while the toes pointed back hard. The under foot
is moved upward as well as backward, and some SWIM
raise it out of the water entirely in order
get more vicious snap. 1t will thus be that the
legs in the modern scissors kick present right
angles to the line of progression they do in the
breast stroke kick and in the early scissors kick when
the upper knee vainy drawn up to meet the chin
This kick uses practically the muscles that
used in walking and running, and the movement, being
somewhat like these two acts, is comparatively easy
learn. 1t will be noticed that because of the exing of
the ankles as described the negative part of the stroke
that is, the recovery-presents considerably less
sstng leg surface to the water than the positive notion
which is the kick itself 1t is from this difference
ter of twelve fifteen inches for both legs that
the progressive movement is got.
The great majority of side-stroke swimmers do not
make any progress using the kick alone, showing that
the negative movement neutralizes the effect of the
kick the whole leg motion being much wasted energy
rst-rate way to improve the kick, then, try it
without use of the arms
1t is interesting notice that early writers on the
THE C0AEEnV OE CTO'
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-10-26
ASTOR SAILS; SORRY
HE CANNOT SEE WAR
Tells Mother Allies Are Sure to WIN
as He Leaves London for
Steamer.

LONDON, October a5.-viucent Aston,
with his wife and sister Alice, was
prominent in the unusually large
crowd OF Americans who left Euston
Station in three trains to embark on
the Lusitania at Liverpool. The Astors,
who have been here only a few days,
have been staying with Mrs. John AS
tor. Their arrival in England passed
unannounced. owing to the public's lacl,
OF interest In anything EXCEPT war
news. Mr.. Astor said:
we came over simply to take nv
sister back to New York with US for
the winter. have seen nothing of
the war, not having been to the Con.
tinent although l should have liked to
have had a glimpse of the lighting in
France"
Talking to his mother. through the
heard TO eSclaim: "The allies are sure
to win in the end" Mrs. Astor again
denied the story that she was going
to the front with the hospital corps
1t Is curious coincidence that Ina
Claire, the actress, to whom Vincent
Astor many times was reported to be
betrothed. was also a passenger on the
Lusitnnla. The Astor party passed
Miss Claire on the station platform,
but no salutations We're exchanged.
Mr.. and Mrs. Perry Belmont, who
have been here several weeks. were
also on the sailing list, which included
Mr.. and Mrs. H. B. Duryea, Lord Ellen
borough, Henry and Joseph Duveen,
Irwin S. Cobb and II. La Montague.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-10-26
SUFFER ANNlHILATION
TO SAVE THEIR ARMY
Gallant Little Body of Belginns Per
forms Magnificent Feat
of Arms.

LONDON, October 25.-,"All the al
sian army. which for several days has
been holding in check two entire Ger
man army corps near Dlxmude. frus-
tra.ing the German designs on the strip
OF territory between Dunkirls and
Calais" says n dispatch 10 tile Times.
1T now is permitted TO explain how
the Belgian army was able to make a
successful retreat from Antwerp In face
OF the elaborate plans OF the Germans.
II escaped what might be felt amount
ed to annihilat ton by u magnificent feat
or arms. 1t gent q force OF a few thous-
and men TO the neighborhood OF Null
lem Din East Flanders, twelve miles
southwest of GhenD, to hold back the
pursuing enemy at all costs. until the
retreat of the main army had been et-
fected. The battle of Mullen virtually
resulted in annihilation OF the gallant
the salvation of the Belgian army and
their allies.
The situation OF the Belgians and
French at Dixmude has changed for
the better in the past few days. This
does not mean, however, that the Ger
mans are Oh the run.
Reports of :; German retreat towards
Rrugcs are anticipatory and cXagGev-
ated. The retreat up to the present is
matter OF mile or two, made in or
der to get further away from the guns
on the warships.
The casualties In the Belgian army
about Dixmndc have been tremendous
ly heavy"
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-10-26
FOLLOWER
BREAKS ARMISTICE

Ell PASo. TEXAS. October 25.--Gen.
eral Maclovia Herrera, a Carranza fol-
lower, has broken the armistice fixed
by the peace convention ut Aguas-
calientes. and attacked Parral, Chi
huahua, according TO official Constitu-
tionalist advices to-day.
In the battle which occurred on Fri
day the Carranza troops were repulsed.
The town was defended by 1000 Villa
troops. Herrera was said to have 1,200
men. The fight lasted five hours. and
about 500 were killed on either side.
The Villa leaders disarmed forty Of
their own men on the charge that they
intended to assist the Herrera troops
These men were Imprisoned in build
ing on the outskirts OF the town, and
after the battle II was discovered they
all had been killed. Villa leaders
charged they had heen killed by Her
rera's men.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-10-26
new PLAN FOR RELIEF !.
OF COTTON SITUATION
Southern bankers and business Men
Will Aid In Obtaining Acre.
age Reduction.
FAVOR DIVERSIFIED FARMING
Atlanta Chamber of Commerce Con.
ducts Campaign and Succeeds in
Enlisting Cooperation OF Bank
Presidents and Supply Merchants.

ATLANTA, GA, October 25.--Details
of o plan for relief OF the cotton Sit
VA ton. which includes the aid OF South
ern bankers and business men in oh
tanning mn efYectunl reduction OF the
1915 acreage, elimination of tho cotton
surplus In one year. nnd the creation
OF Il now era of diversified farming In
the South, were announced here to-
day by the Atlanta Chamber Of Com
mcrce.
The plan Is the outcome OF CAM
paign conducted by tho local chamber
during the Inst month, and through
which majority Of bank presidents In
the cotton growing States--more than
1000 in nurnber--hnve pledged hnan-
cial aid to farmers who reduce their
1918 crop one-half and substitute food
crops for the other halt. The bankers
also promise to enlist the supply mcr-
chants In the plan.
Leaders in the movement assert that
50 per cent of the cotton farmers are
more or less dependent upon tho bank
ers or supply merchants for credit each
season, and in this, they point out, is
the Significance OF tho bankers pledge.
The movement was lnaugurated by
sending letters TO all bank presidents
III the cotton section. explaining the
plan and asking that pledge OF CO.
operation be signed and returned. This
pledge wns as follows:
"My policy will be to extend financial
mid to those who cut down the 1915
cotton crop onc-half and to discourage
, In every proper way the planting of
more than half of this years acreage
in grain and other food crops. ] will
confer with the supply merchants OF
this community and urge them to adopt
the same policy
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-10-26
REDMOND APPEALS TO IRISH
In Spite OF Immigration, Will Maintain
Place as Fighting Nation.

BELFAST, IRELAND (yia London).
October % (s:12 p. M.).-Addressing a
meeting OF Irish Volunteers to-day.
John T. Redmond, Irish' Nationalist
leader, said that when tho Irish gov
ernnient came into being tho volunteers
must be absolutely at the disposal Of
that government. He declared that, Tin
spite OF immigration, Ireland would
maintain her place as fighting nation.
''Ireland's rights" said Mr.. Redmond.
"are not to DO defended merely within
the Irish shores. Ireland would be
Inundated il, after the war, 1t had to
be admitted that her liberties had been
guarded by the sacridces of other men,
while Irtshmen remained at home"
Thirty-nve thousand men from all
parts OF ireland have Joined the army
since the beginning Of the war, sAIr.
Redmond said.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-10-26
CARRANzA CRED PAPERS"
DEN0UNCE VILLA AS TOOL
Publication Regarded by Officials OF
state Department I'm Washington
nS Grave Incident.
Especial to The Times-Dispatch.

WASHINGTON, October 25.-The pub
lication OF the Red Papers" By tho
Carranza government, dcnouncing Villa
as tool of the Ola. regime and in
league with the big landowners, is re-
garded by officials of the State Depart.
ment as a grave incident, which may
bring to an early end their optimism
or n peaceful settlement Of the Mexi-
can trouble The present Interest of
tho State Department Is to get from
somebody In Mexico guarantee of
peace and an answer to the demands
OF tho United States as to the safety
OF all at Vera Cruz after the with
drawal OF General Funston's troops.
The wide open split between Villa and
Carranza indicates that the guarantee
is not to be expected
There Is not the slightest question
here that Villa will in turn denounce
Carranaa. and 1t Is feared there Will
he clash between the forces of the
two commanders before the Mexican
sovereign convention reconvenes at
Aguascalicntes. General Villa refused
to go on ut Aguascalientes until he had
obtained the consent OF the convention
to full representation of delegates of
General Zapata's forces. The State De.
Dartment is informed tonight that
twenty-ssx OF the Zapata delegates have
arrived at Mexico City, and they nrc
due In Aguascalientes tomorrow night.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-10-26
HEAVY GERMAN LOSSES
IN BELGIAN FIGHTING:

DOVER, October IS tvia London.
1898 p. M).-It is estimated that the
Germans lost 1000 killed and wounded
in Belgium on October 81, when their
advancing line was bombarded by
British warships. Firing started at i
A. NJ. and continued without intermis-
sion for twelve hours.
The range OF the ships guns enabled
them to she'll the German trenches
three miles inland. They blew up an
ammunition column, killed General Won
Trip and all off his staff to the west
of Westcnde and compelled the Ger
mans to evacuate their position before
Newport
The firing was so rapid that some
guns discharged fourteen projecttles
per minute. At the end OF the day the
whole coast from Newport to westende
was completely evacuated.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-10-26
ALLIES MENACE GERMAN
LINE OF COMMUNICATION
kaiser's Forces ut Labassee Making
Desperate Efforts to Shake
Themselves Loose.
BOTH GET REfNFoRcEMESTs
Won Kluck's Army, Whicl, Was
Thought to BE in Belgium, Still
Holds Position on the Aisne-Cam-
paign One OF Patient Endurance.

PARIS. October 25 u1:5f r. M).--
The Germans Mt Labnssee are making
desperate efforts to shake themselves
loose from the close grip of the allies.
who menace their line of communica-
tions with Armentieres. Both armies
have received relnforcemen ts but the
allied lines to-day withstood formidable
attacks.
General Won Kluck's army. which was
thought to be in Belgium, has not
moved from its position on tho Aisne,
but three other German armies have
completely changed their fronts Grand
Duke Albrecht, or Wurttemberg. now
commands the forces In Belgium, while
General Won Buelow is further down,
and tho army of Crown Prince Ru-
precht of Bavaria is stretched along a
1ne or trenches on an extended battle
'front.' between the Somme and tho Aisne
and from Rheims to the .ArSonne re.
gion.
In this last named region the fisatine
liz desultory. The positions of the OPP
posing armies are too strong to permit
OF successful assaults. and the cam
paign has become one OF patient en-
DURANGO.
The fighting in the Argonne forests
mas been very heavy. Two French avia-
tors to-day pursued and brought down
German aeroplane east OF Amicns.
FcGr French batteries recently bonn
harded and destroyed village in the
Argonne region and then turned their
attention to tho surrounding woods to
which tho Germans had fed. After the
tight 5000 German dead were found in
the vicinity.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-10-26
A FACT in PHYSICS
IS SAVING LIVES.

We offer, to the medical profession and
humanity this new and profound FACT IN
PHYSICS-intuence the renal tract with an
agent that opposes renal and henatic degen-
within twenty days begin to show dimin-
ishing alonmenuria In BIishts Disease and
1t Is. this means that theso diseases are now
being cured.
The presence or albumen or sugar Gas the
case may be) Is a PHYSICAL FACT and It's
disappearance Is a FACT IN PHYSICS.
Who is there big enough to question the
reality. OF a FACT IN PHYSICS that Is be-
ing daily demonstrated by the weights and
measures Of analytical chemistry?
Fulton's Renal Compound lis the agent
used in Brights Disease and Fulton's pis-
betio Compound In Diabetes. q
They do not conflict with the usuel treat
ment-can simply be added for the new pur-
pose above. Thers then begins to BIO hone
In these diseases heretofore supposed incur-
able. Recoyeries have been reported in sew.
raj thousand cases. ~
Bodeker Drug Co. owens q Minor Drug
agents. Ask for pamphlet or write John :,
Fulton Co. San Francisco, --Advert tsement.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-10-26
OBITUARY
Mrs. John ,fonc,,r..

Mrs. John Moncure, widow OF the
welj-known city missionary, who was
drowped in Stafford County about two
years ago in an attempt To save the
life OF his negro servant. died suddenly
yesterday In New York City. 4 tele-
gram carrying the bare announcement
was received last night by NJ. w. Mon
cure, Of 3l4 South Third Street, a
cousin ri the late Mr.. a1oncure.
Mrs. Moncure had for some time
lived in Philadelphia and New York
with p daughter. who was studying art.
4 Richmond Chapter. Daughters of the
King. Of Virginia, will meet at o'clock
this afternoon at Monumental Church
10 adopt resolutions of respect. Mira
aIoncure was president OF the Virginia
branch OF the order, ana second vice
president OF the order in America.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-10-26
ACTION CONTINUES
UNDER SAME CONDITIONS

PARIS, October 25 H1:15 p. Nh
This official communication was issued
THE action has continued under the
same conditions as on preceding days.
A battle of very violent character is
\ in progress between Nieuport and the
River Lys The German forces have
succeeded in crossing the User between
Newport and DlXmude.
ITO the. west and to the south Of
Lille. spirited attacks by the enemy
have been repulsed.
Between the Disc and tho Argonnc
there Is nothing to report, except sew
eral sIAall advances by our troops to
the northwest Of scissors and in the
region of Craonne.
''on fhe heights Of the Mouse there
is an artillery engagement Iii the
Woevrc region. our heavy artillery
holds to-day under It's fire the road cor
Meeting Thiaucourt, Nonsard, BuNe-
rules and Joinville. which is one OF the
principal lines of the communication
of the Germans near st. Mihiel.
1T is reported that yesterday i'm Ar
sonne region an entire regiment of
German infantry was annihilated dur
ing an operation which was extended
10 the wood to tho north Of La
halade."
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-10-26
KING ALBERT is IDEAL
belgian Soldiers Cheerful. In Spite Of
Their Hcvcrscs.

Correspondence OF Associated Press
OSTEND. October liking Albert
led shattered ard broken army when
ne left for France. Liege. Manu-,
Mons and Antwerp had tried the Bel.
g;ans sadly.
Through long service in the-trenchcs,
many Belgian soldiers have rheuma-
tism. Many of the soldiers have bad
colds and hacking coughs. The Bel
sian oommissary, too. has been lack
ing.
In spite Of their rcVerses and mis-
fortunes. the Belgian soldiers are cheer
full, and unanimous in their decla ra ton
that Germany must be exterminated.
The devotion OF the soldiers 20 King
Albert liz remarkable. He is their idol.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-10-26
GERMAN COMMENTS
ON FRENCH nEpnRHs

BERLIN. October % (by wireless, to
Sayville).--Thts comment on ycster-
days French official statements has
been given to the press:
The tone OF the French official war
bulletin of last evening caused panic
In Paris. 1t admits n retreat between
the sea and Canal Labhssee, and men,
tons the impetuosity OF Germans near
Arras and on the Somme.
THE night bulletin aggravated the
pessimistic impression. 1t repeats that
there have boen French defeats ON tho
north wing. To accentuate tho impress
sion. an Official note was issued two
hours later saying the battle front
had shifted 200 kilom etres northward"
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-10-26
COAL SITUATION SERIOUS
Dealers In Austria Scarcely Able "a
Meet Demands.

VENICE. October o. tvia Paris, :25
~. M).---The coal situation in Austria
is becoming charming. Reserve stocks
of coal have boon used up. and dealers
are scarcely able TO meet the daily
demand OF their customers
There are large stocks OF coal in
Silesia. but no freight cars to TRANSPORT
them. All efforts to obtain coal from
Western Bohemia and Moravia have
allied. Mine owners there already. have
sold their output In advance.