Evening journal., 1914-06-18

Fou mombers Of Troop No. 2 made
their initial appearance in society
vaudeville last Thursday evening at the
New Century Club. Their specially was
n lightning change" act and is said 10
have made quite hit. although tho
four Scouts in question are extremely
modest in their report.
The seventh requirement for the
First Glass degree reads as follows:
Read map correctly and draw from
field notes made on the spot an intel
ligible rough sketch map, indicating
by their proper marks important
buildings, roads. trolleys. main land
marks, principal elevations. etc
Point out compass direction without
the help Of a compass"
We viii take up the last clause in
this requirement first as it is the
simplest Direct the hour hand Of
your watch toward the sun. Half
way between the hour hand and the
II o'clock mark on the watch Is the
true south. This Is one way and the
most accurate III the daytime Az
night of course every Scout should
be able to point out the north star.
which is indeed one OF the first class
requirements and will be taken up
under the lesson on the tenth test
ln the woods moss will usually be
found on the trunks of trees on the
side towards the north.
The map making and reading part
! OF this requirement is a very inter
4 esting proposition and unequalled in
It's teaching Of accurate observation.
There are number of technical
points about maps which must be
thoroughly understood before the
Scout takes up this work. The first
thing is the scale, that is the ratio
between the actual distances and the
distances as represented on the man.
Without this knowledge the man
would be useless and unless the man
is accurately drawn to the given scale
It also Is useless. This scale should
always be clearly marked upon the
map and is usually represented in
one of three ways. The first way is
to write out the ratio as for instance:
3 inches, | mile The second way Is
to write the scale in the form of
traction, the numeratOr Of which re-
presents the unit OF length on the
map while the denominator shows the
corresponding actual distance on the
ground. For example, if the scale
were one inch to the mile, it would
be written as follows: 1-63360.
That is. one inch or indeed any one
unit on the map would represent
1880 inches tone mile) or 63.360
units on the ground The technical
term for this fraction is the Repre-
sentative Fraction, usually abbrevi-
ated RF and it Is important for the
reason that it is III international use
so that no matter whether the scale
Ii In meters, miles, versts or what
not, It makes 1t easy for the native
Of another country to determine the
scale in the units Of distance with
which he is familiar.
The third way of indicating the
scale is to draw a line on the map
the length OF the map unit and mark 4
it with the length Of the ground unit /
represented. For instance il the
scale is three inches to the mile, draw
line three inches long and mark it
one mile. This scale is usually sub
divided INTO halves and quarters for
convenience.
The most commonly used scales In /
this country are as follows: One inch I
~ NAA1 AAAAAA VI ANAt A-hu loNVf tUIEE III i
ches TO the mile or RF, 1-21,12O: six /
inches TO the mile or RF, 1-10,5G0, /
twelve inches to the mile or RI, l. /
$3.50
The United States Geological sur
vey maps are usually to the scale Of i
one inch to the mile, while the three /
inches to the mile scale is generally /
used IN making sketches of roads. In /
NllLftpu u1 ~
scale used is six inches to the mile. !
Either In reading or in making 7
map, the scale is the first thing to !
be determined. The Reading scale"
is the one written on the map. but |
to draw a map, a Working scale"
must be constructed. There are a
number Of different ways of measur
ing distances without instruments |
for the purpose of drawing maps, but /
the one that will most probably be I
used by the scout is pacing. For 4
convenience the double pace is used, /
that is you count only the times your l
left foot strikes the ground. To worl. /
out this scale, walk in a natural man /
ner, being careful to use your ordin 1
airy pace, over a known distance, care 1
fully counting every time your left 4
AABN AAA tAIe AAA1 EAOAAu his VIII II
give you a basis on which to deter. |
mine the number Of inches to your I
pace. Now suppose you find your |
pace 70 be fifty inches. 1t will take /
~ PAGES to 100 yards. 1t will take Z
317 PAGES to cover quarter mile. I
etc. Make out scale in this way. /
SO that you will not have to figure 1
it out each time. For instance, Il
your scale Is three inches to the mile.
and your pace of 634 strides, the
distance on your map will be one and
half inches. Make out your work
ing scale on a separate paper or card
as the reading scale only appears on
the map, Have it arranged so that
after counting your PAGES, a glance
at the card will tell you how many
inches you must measure Off on your
map.
After having determined your scale
and arranged your working scale, he
next point to be taken up is getting
the North properly indicated on your
map so that all roads and landmarks
will bear the proper relation to each
other and to the signs of the compass.
II the North is not Indicated correctly
the map would be useless. as the one
reading II would be unable to locate
his position on it, In reading a man
in practice in the field. the direction
of the North and South line on The
map should be made to coincide with
the North and South as shown BY
your compass. Then the direction OF
all lines roads etc on the man will