davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Cairo bulletin., 1914-04-18

Mexico City April l1T Tie sub
atanse OF the reply of The United
States government to the demand Or
Presid - lluerta thu there should
be II simultaneous salute fired by
the Americans when the Mexicaus
salute The Stars and Stripes, was de-
liyere1 verbally by Charge
O'Shaushnessy tc Foreign Minist or
Roias
The reply 1t is said was unfavor-
able to an early adjustment OF tie
sitlation.
1t is understood that the mat
ter is icing considered at cabinet
meeting tonight.
The Cairo bulletin., 1914-04-18
WE INTEND TO HAVE
THAT SALUTE

secretary Daniels.
This is, what Secretary Daniels
said as lie left the White House last
night. Other officials reiterated the
intention of the American Govern.
ment 10 have no more temporizing
but a complete apology OF indignl-
ties to the flag.
The Cairo bulletin., 1914-04-18
Edward Pclzer il Cairo Thursday
With Big Waa Money Ar
rested in st. Louis.
FEARS CONFIDENCE MEN
AND SLEEES IN SHED
As He Emerses From S cd Dirty
AMI Unkempt Police Take
Hin fer q Tramp.

Edward Pelzcr of Red Bud III
who was In Cairo last Wcdnesd8y
night and Thursday morning, with
a big ,oll of money had singular
experience in st. LcIis yesterday
morning. He arrived in st. Louis
Thursday night and the following
interesting acccnnt cF what hap-
pened to MIN was Dprintcd in yes
terday afternoons star:
Fearing to spend his first night in
St. Louis in a hotel whore he sap
posed he would be in dangt" Ct ETY.
confidence men, Edward Pelz3r, 30
years old, school teacher and far
ner of Red Bud, Ill, who is carry
ing S2.949.13 with him, SLEPT Thurs
day night in a shed at the EdsGr
Zinc Company. Broadway and Davis
street. -
Pelzcr was discovered crawling
ont Of the shed at 4:30 a. m. this
morning by Patrolmnr German and
Kuhlman of the Carcndelet station,
who thought tho farmer and school
teacher was a tramp in the last
stages Of destituti0n. The man S
face and hands We're black and
grimy and his hair was uncombed.
"We We're going to lock him up
fer vagrancy," said German. Ny
partner and gave him the up and
down, (meaning the once oyer) and
in his revolver pocket we found Two
great walls of currency as big as a
dolblc barreled pistol. We hustled
him over to the station to show him
to the lieutenant At the station
we found money in eevry pocket,
mostly in five and ten dollar bills. -
Denies Being Tramp.
Acting Lieutenant Michael Hendv
asked Pelzer if he was millionaire
tramp come back to life.
In a scholarly voice Felzer re-
piled,
mo. sir, | am school teacher
and live on farm two miles east Of
Red Bud, ILL., School is ont ana 7
am going to Naylor, H., just now
TO visit my daughter"
Pelzer said he left nome because
he and his son-in-law had disagreed
about money matters.
Before going to Naylor, H., 10
sec his daughter, Mrs. George Mil
Ter, Pclzer went to Murphysboro
and Cairo and Thursday night Wis
tied st. Louis. He sad he started
out with $3.490. He could not ac-
count for having spent $500 as he
had been away from Acus1 my since
Tuesday.
Held as "Gpcet
lie said he does aot dfial, and he
gave evry evidence of being in his
right mind. He had deeds and other
documents in his pockets to prove
that he owns land in Illinois and he
has a school teachers certifcat.
The police decided to hold him until
authorities at Red Bud could 5t
communicated with. He is not held
as a prisoner, but as a guest" Tf1
had ticket in his pocket for MAJ
Ior.
The police are inclined to accept
his story that he went to SLEEP III
the shed to avoid confidence men.
mo one would suspect me of hay
would they?" he asked.
The Cairo bulletin., 1914-04-18

Tanpico, Mexico, April 17,-'rha
United states transport lIancock,
with $50 marines Oh board, arrived
here today from New Orleans.
Eve American battleships are re-
ported by wireless at Key West to-
day, stoaming towards the Mexican
coast.
The Cairo bulletin., 1914-04-18
wounded

Douglas, Ar:z., April t7.-With n
severe reprimand administered by
Gen. Guererra, rebel commander
along the sonora bordor TO the cap
tain Of tie squad VINO deprived
The Cairo bulletin., 1914-04-18

Help Helpi Helpi If you need
Help a Want Ad will get you a new
maid.
The Cairo bulletin., 1914-04-18

II You have Goods Worth Buying
they are Worth Talking About.
Buyers must be informed,
The Cairo bulletin., 1914-04-18

(cohtlhded on Page Three.)
The Alaska socialist., 1914-02-15

incompetent, spending the governments money q though it were willow leaves
 And here one is compelled to halt and regard that strange errat1c thing, the public. The people of Panama Valley, cheated, betrayed, robbed and scorned by the old gang for years, schooled again and again to the fact that nothing good was to be expected of them, did, with out ever stopping to consider the source from which the wolf cry sprung, proceed to run with the pack
 Poor, foolish public How many times will it be necessery to flin-Aam you be- fore you learn who your real enemies are?
 To proceed, K1opsch started a paper with he evident purpose Q f throwing mud for the gang. A blind man could almost see the force that was behind his publication. His trial was not a Il attack upon the free press. It appears to be simply case of McGowan vs. Judge Fuller And McGowan came out second best.
The Alaska socialist., 1914-02-15
TIE PLOT

The plot of lie Barnette element 0 steal everything in sight, is as old as Fairbanks is old. However, it was given. q new birth last November when the CO., habitation cases from Fort Yukon came on for trial.
 Here was golden opportunity for the gang to start a crusade against Crossley Using the popular prejudice against . missionaries IS a starter, these modern '5oapy SmitlIs'' raised the wolf cry,
 The puhlic fell for it temporarily. n cigars stores, saloons and every place where men gather the missionaries were alarmed by the hour, The Indians were no good anyway, and Crossley was an
The Alaska socialist., 1914-02-15
HYDRA HEADED MONSTER SHOWS ITS
 CLAWS
CLAWS
(Continued from page 1

leys of California, but, it is evident that their spirits still haunt the Tanana.
 They have made their stake aud gone but there are more, encouraged no doubt by Barnett's success, who apparently see big game and are dreaming of the day when they too may sail away to sunnier clines laden with booty.
 When Barnette was on trial at Valdez on several charges of enlbezzlement, con- version and making false statements, he wore q suit of mackinaws, so it is related to impress the jury with his claim that lie had nothing left, while a t the same time his agents were furnishing wine to government witnesses. And so the story goes, after the trial he departed on a steamer for th e South i Il company with his attorneys, newsagents, professional strong arm men and abandoned women who accompanied the merry party''.
 Late News items report Barnette s owner of one of the fastest race horses Ill the world. According to bes infor- nation he IS worth upwards of S1 400, GOO about $500, 900 of which belongs to the depositors of the ". A. Bank. To retain this amount, his agents will apparently leave nothing undone, even to the re- moval of Judge Fuller and the appoint Rlent of a pliant tool in his place.
The Alaska socialist., 1914-02-15
BLEEDING FAIRBANKS

Mining is said to be the chief occup- ation in the Tanana, but mining the miner has proven by far Q be the most lucrative. And it is without doubt cas- fer in Fairbanks to be crooked than straight, if one be following the route of the least resistance.
 When Barnette steamed up to the pres ent site of Fairbanks and destroyed a good moose pasture. the first thing h C should have done on stepping ashore was 10 unfurl black flag centered by a skull and oss-bones. Ill the name of
The Alaska socialist., 1914-02-15

the devil, he should have taken possess on of the ground and staked out town site. Then with a set 0 gold scales, he could have aore appropriately begun his reign of crime and death.
 Fairbanks, the spot known to t he In- dians as the Lily Field, has been the dark and bloody ground of the North. Its history is the story of pack of hum all wolves gathered from all quarters O the globe to hunt without let or hind rance. Judges have been their puppets. honest people their prey. Bloodtl1irsty, heartless, cold and cruel, they are com- parable only to the fourfooted pack seen nightly in the Panama mountains running along in the cold slant of the moon
 And this is civilization. These are civ ilized beings. Where then are the saw ages?
 The Lily Field Of Indian legend, where Man-tuk met tue maiden, Falling Star, is 10 more, On it's fowery site jur- ies are packed, government attorneys are treated as though they were 1epers because they fail to discriminate between big and little thieves, and about the only decent judge they ever had is a curiosity
 So whats the matter with Fairbankse We Socialists know what h matter is. We are laying the axe Q the root oft. and we guarantee permanent and ever ast;fle cure
The Alaska socialist., 1914-02-15
ANCIENT OLD PARTY RUNK
 FOR ALASKA
(Continued from page l,

Alaska has some nifty old-party bosses ill embryo
 Now, take for instance that last val1 dez convention. Nothing slow about that as old party conventions go. Split. Bump, an exhibition of proxy juggling that would make Chicago's pride, Bath John, green with envy. And sent two delegations to the National convention. As tie peerless one decided at Baltimore which of Alaska's hydraheaded deleg- atlon was the correct one we now the
 'ins" and the outs'' And, ugh what they "outs" did say of the 'ins' let's not open up old sores. But there S anoth- CT Old party convention coming up soon and the outs are crying Harmony" Harmony" In 1910, there being o Democrats in Alaska, the good Repub- licans had complete moyopoly II the plum tree and the other spells perquisites and prerogatives, good Democrats didn conventionize. And now, this being off year for good Republicans, only the good Democrats will conventionize, and they know how do these Good Democrats. The credentials committee will have a nice little steam roller all their very own Oh! but there, Il be weeping and wailing and gnashing of teeth and clashing of dull axes. Alaska voters will do well to observe the workings of what will probably be their last chance to witness a regular old party convention.
 F. s.: On the interior branch of the Alaska Plum Tree still hang the two much coveted plunls. Safely an q teas ingly perched right in sight, they are withstanding some fu1 shocks. And that awful blast from the last Guy Faw- kes plot. Wow! 50 near and yet so far'' those juicy lucious, pluns droppeth not they may yet turn to sour grapes. What Democratic frameup? Rot! Bosh! Twas merely coincidence. Meanwhile down at the busy Dull Axe club the hustling hopeful members keep the old Grindstone turning round and round. (Wonder who will be the next of the numerous Alaska Old-party Also-rans2 Likewise, watch the good Democrats, like fanatics, at the coming convention, throw themselves under the Democratic Juggernaut, yclept Steam Roller.
The Alaska socialist., 1914-02-15
THE GRAND JURY

The grand jury incident, as explained by Pyne, the foreman, preceded the Klopsch incident. However, tits only fair to say that undoubtedly some mem bers of the grand jury did not realize what influence was at work demanding all investigation of Crossley's office. They too were carried away by the wolf cry against missionaries and allowed themselves to be fooled bY the gang for about the fiftieth time.
The Alaska socialist., 1914-02-15
A PROBLEM IN
 MATHEMATICS

If Klopsch, who had 4 lawyers, gets 6 months in jail, how many months would he have got if hehad had all the law yers in Fairbanka?
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1914-06-17
u . q aAl,NrA-kEIsER 4 NUPTiALs

At eight o clock this (Wednesday)
evening, at the home OF the brides
parents, will occur the. marriage OF
Miss Ressa Banta, daughter OF Mr..
an5 Mrs. M. s.. sBanta, OF near Man
chester, and Mr.. Frank Keiser OF
Parkersburg, Iowa, the ceremony to
be performed in the presence OF Inn
mediate relatives only, by Rev. il y
4 Moore, pastor of the Congreg egattiornal itr q
church OF this city. /. {s.. 5 i.Sss 3S5;.ss,
The announcement of the approach
I ing marriage Of these well known
young people calls forth the heartiest
gooI wishes from a host of friends
u ts5 Miss .Banta is a graduate of the
4 Manchester High school, and IS y,
talented young lady. For a number NIB
I Of years she has been a suceessfui
Instructor; in the High IS school a.
Usage, Iowa. Her winning r manner ann :
ana happy disposition have attracted vt FTflc1'e!c
many friends, vs. Y. !. a
& Mr. Keiser.is a son Of Mr.. and
Mrs. Henry sKeiser of this city: He
is also a graduate of the Manchester
High school, and is an industrious u
/ and trustworthy young man, having avn
been manager of clothing store at
+ Parkersburg for some time. His Man: Al
chester friends congratulate him up.
q on the happy event. ..Ss
Mr.. :Keiser and his bride Will g go
to housekeeping at Parkersbnrg I'M
mediately, following the .Weedln1g
& Heartiest congrat atulations will accom-
pany4 them to their home. 7lsa q ';5s !. Is. a
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1914-06-17
WELL KNOWN FARMER | | | |! r
CALLED. BY I ] Death ;. ! ]!
M. 4. .TRAvER, OF coFF'hIs q GROVE 'l' .:
q TOWNSHIP, PASSES AWAY
Il: s.fs Il q SUDDENLY.
RESIDENT Of COUNTY "a YEARS E i 5
funeral Services To Re Hold From
sand Creek Church Wednes-
I " I. day, Afternoon. " B

M & r.; sTraver, q we'll known Ffarmel
e o. e Goffins Grove, Township, passed
& 81 away at his home Monday forenoon
81 his cath Deing, caused from arsenic
poisoning. 81 II eculiarly 81 sad 8 circum
s stances surround the death Of IA 355 Mr.
T'rayer. u He had. not been in the
best or health TOR some time, and ap'
peared at times to- be desp pondent.. or
MonEay morning he WentatO the barn
4 to do the morning chores as was his
custom. He appearea 10. be in his
usual health. Shortly after returning
from the barn members OF the family
y y discovered that lie was violently sick
ana medical aid was summoned. He
roic efforts were make to save his
Il life, 1, but to no avail. Death occur.
81 RED shorty erore the noon hour.
Whether Mr.. 4 1Trayer tookS the poisso O y
with the intent OF self destruc tion, OF
whether he took it by mistake, VIII
never be known.
u M. n. Traver was born near Chagrin
& Falls, Ohio, February 10, 1849, and
spent all his boyhood days In his ma
& tive state Thirty-four years ago ne
j came to Delaware county, locating on
4 a farmyfour miles north Of Manchester
where he resided for several years.
4 For numb of years he resided IN
q the vicinity of Sand Greek, and dur
& ing thes last few years he has lived
& on farm IN Coffins Grove township.
On January E23, ! S7S, he was united
\ in marriage with Miss Carolina a
Smith Of ArcOla, Illinois,, and to this
union were born the following child
rem: Lee Traver. Of Seneca, D, South
Dakota; Fred 4! !Trayer of Prairie
4 ity. Oregon: :$ Mrs. May Stafford f OF
sAmity: Oregon: y RAY Trayer, Of was.
4 ia. South Dakota 3 Vernon Traver, oi
e sSand,,sky. Ohio: Roys Trayer. Of Am.
:sity. Oregon A SON ana I q daughter
have , #preced ed their ia therg in death.
:: ; The son I:et. IN infancy ;sS and the
i Sdamphter ~ Mrs 3AWi7liam Keiser died
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1914-06-17

III. J.. SchWietsrt was a visitor In
Manchester the first Of the week
leaving on Tuesday morning for Wa
iterloo and Cedar Falls: 81
Carl Durey left Tuesday after.
noon for Ellehdale, North \ Dakota
where he will help his brother with
tho operation of a large farm.
Miss Anna Ward, who has been
in Winona, Minnesota, several weeks
calleS there by the illness Of her
sister. returned to Ryan during the
week. .,-, 81 81. e5,}St Il, 4; y
Councilman and Mrs. John Heth.
erington are guests OF Mrs. y Hether.
ington s. mother, at Belgrade, Ne
braska. They expect to be away for
three weeks. III Y 3
Mrs. Ell. Sheldon and daughter,
Mrs. e. Z. !. FarWell, left Monday az
ternoon for tGarthag 9, Illinois, where
they viii visit the w. A. Sheldon
family for few days. ls5;. N ..5 # 3s5ss
Your attention Is directed to the
change Of advertisement OF the
Langrord- Shoe Company on the 9Th
page in which they offer exceptional
bargains on seasonabie ootwear; fol,
men and women. 5ss n; ]:
"A company OF forty or fifty
young people gathered at the home
Of MIR. }. and Mrs. Al Hampstead, on
Monday evening to carry out a neat.
" planned surprise on Elmer Hemp
stead, the occasion being the young ll
mans birthday. Refres hments were
served during the evening, and 2
mos delightful time was enjoyed BY
the young people. y :$ III q
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1914-06-17
REAL ESTATE TRANSFERS.

P. w. schnack and wife to Joseph
Sharp. Lots 5, 6, Z, and 8 in block
1, T. A. Densmore's addition to
Edgewood. -. .S2Soo.oo
Jessie Frentress and husband to
C. E. Ryan. Sc IA, Sc and NV, Sc,
sec. 27, Honey Creek township.
Aaron B. Terril and wife to Susan
A. Breckon Hensley. Parts Of lots
90 and 93, Manchester. +. ....$ LOO
Sarah ]. Hoag to E. NJ. Carr. Lots
s and 8 in Railroad addition and a
piece Of land E. lot 8, Manchester; ::
james J. Keane, Archbishop, to
Immaculate Conception Church. Lots
245, 246, 247, 25S, 259. in Masonville.
August Grimm to Vim. Broers. w
IL, sw, sec. 80, Richland township:
..9A.Vo
| A. M. Cloud and wife to Frank +.
Casey. w 1-2, sw,. sec. 26 and e.
1-2, Sc, sec. 27 and part NV, sec: 80,
Adams township. :. ....$l'oo
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1914-06-17
FINE ROAD.

AZ fine; piece Of road has been busFt
from the starbird residence north Of
Manchester to the A.. c.. SAcers farm.
The work was done under the super
vision Of he county engineer and the
board of supervisors. The road has
been put to proper grade and surfac-
ed with red sand and gravel. The
city Of Manchester has q force OF
men and teams busy surfacing North
Franklin street with the same kind
Of material, and when the work Is
completed will make a stretch of
several miles Of as nice road as is
to be found anywhere in Delaware
county. The city is improving the
street from Clara Avenue to the
Starbird property north Of the city.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1914-06-17
1927 IS POPULATION
OF MANCHESTER
r. M. MARVIN, TAKES COMPLETE
CENSUS or THE
CITY.
A GAIN IA N OF 469 II IN ! FOUR I|l' YEAR lei I
This Is Most Rem arkabIe Growth In
9Th History 81. the
!. c.;is@4sl Nd City.

R. NJ. Marvin, who has been ta1-
ing the school census during the
past faw days, has also taken a com
pleto census OF the population Of the
city OF Manchester. The work of
taking the census OF the city was a
piece OF work which Mr.. Z Marvin has
done for his own satisfaction more
than anything else. The facts which
his efforts have revealed cannot help
but: be gratifying to every citizen.
For many years Manchester made no
progress as far as an increase in
population was concerned. In fact
during the ten-year period OF 1900 to
1910 the population & decreased.
AS will be seen from the fig
ures gathered by Mr.. Marvin over
one hundred were added to<the pop
years. In 1910 the statistics show
2,75S, while at the present time the
total number issR3 ,227 Those who
have been unable to understand why
residences have been SO scarce dur
ing the past three or four years, have
a solution for the problem.
The numerous permanent improve
MGutS tudL nave UStu Iudue III Mdh-
chester during the last few years
have no doubt been an important fac
tor in attracting people to our city.
Beautiful residences, we'll kept
streets, modern school facilities, good.
churches. and a spirit OF civic pride,
are important factors that enter In:
to the upbuilding of any community:
It lis indeed gratifying to note the
rapid increase in population, and cit
izens generally owe Mr. Marvin 81 a,
vote Of thanks for the work, he has
been doing to gather these facts.
Manchester has a school popnla-
tion sOf 800 In this list are includ-
ed all persons between the ages Of 5.
and 81 years. OF this number 400
are males and .491 females. There are
living within the limits OF the Inde-
pendent school district 45S children
between the ages Of z to IA years,
commonly known as the compulsory
school age. OF this number 206 are
males and 252 females. Manchester:
has gained 80 people Of school age
since the last school census was. va
taken. sst III 4 ss3s3El,
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1914-06-17
DYER SVILLE..

Henry Oehler returned from Hot
Springs Monday, where. he had been ,t.
for his health :5Fs 8 It .5s$. ssS4t !,
MI and Mrs. Foster Morgan and
son Kenneth Of South Bend, Indiana
returned to their home after few
days visit at. the o. J. SternDerg8
home. y: . Il, g$; /,
Mr., and Mrs. IA. f. Klinkner and
son John returned 70 iWaukon Moh-
day after short visit with relatives r y yes
here. .sz5js ss$ K 4. ". i ys
z Sam schildkrets Hungarian orches'
ira ought to draw q big crowd 1or 1oi'
Chautauqua at Manchester.
Mrs. John Barnds OF Manchester
spent Sunday with her parents IN IN
this city. .t "a Y 2ig " !,
.Mr. and Mrs. Q. j, sternberg and and
guests, Mr. and Mrs. F. Morgan ana Itcg
son, spent Sunday in Dubuque.
Al reception in honor OF the class s
Of 1914 was given by the St. Frames ran. .s.sI
alumnae Sunday light in krfancsis al1utsas
hall. Rev. Hbffmanns acted as tpasts
master. After a delicious five
course dinner the following, program ram
was rendered by the. alumnMae luz M
Welcome of Ado dress to. n ew, Mem
3 bers =, ES NJ rs. u. s3dss
To the n .Alumnae. . Alton q lMuehe
Vocal Due Stasia I1olscher. Anna ma
KliDkner. Paula Knnkel, accom- ON
panist. s5$ 55 q IS N u y
To- Our Rev Fathers Mabel Butler, - '.l
Piano Duet-W. Mayer, Florence rsil''1s
Wastermeye yer. ST ss75
The Academy Girl in. Soc iety ..... ! !
& II. J. Barbara Knnkei
Reading !. a !. 81 I. Stella Schemmel
Quartette. Emma Dunkel, Mary + INK; IS
!4ssner, Eva Muehe, Blanch Smith
- Margaret Whether, tacco ompanist. mi
iUnitySot Work, Antoinette Street
Our Alma Mater. ! Rs. Eva Butler. g
Piano Duet, Eva ' uehe, N: y Wncnter' Ls!l
AmeEs,c Am sI 2: 20
z Among g.Ss =. y, - Wa
reverend. &c fatnsrs = e ~ ~
terloo, Wleheke y I'LL ptoii' - = E;1sl, z
brosy ot Dnpuque arurae urasaa1a " and ~
uiore' HanteL ntt1il n ~ Nv
syar Dun' ' - : :. - -
Sv'ne', q, .... . Y ~, ,erv
Mrs. WesteIileyer t,,as Hs oitv en Her
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1914-06-17
SELLS STUDIO. 1,

E. R. Hensley. who has been con.
Quoting the ,studi on North Frank
lin street for several years. closed
q Zeal last Wednesda Il afternoon
whereby he disposed Of the busi-
ness. building and fixtures to Mr..
Arthur w. West Of this city. Mr..
West has taken possess ion Of the
business. and plans to make a NUM-
her Of important changes and I'm
|proyements to the property. Mr..
Hensley will devote q greater part OF
his time for the next two months in
the studio, but has not definitely. de-
|clded on any plans for the future.
Arthur West is ia skilled photographs
er, and will carry a complete stock
of the latest in mounts. and 60 only.
iirst-class work. His friends will
wish him success in his business ven
ture.
On page Of his issue Of The
Democrat Mr.. West makes an I'll ans
|nouncement, in which he quotes big
reduc ctions in fine photos, during the
remainder OF the month OF June
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1914-06-17
John Hruby Of Dubuque is a yis-

John Hruby of Dubuque is a .yis-
itor in Manchester today.
The Misses Angie and Barbara
Pierce attended the Commencement
exercises at Upper Iowa university.
Gildner Bros. make an announce
ment In their space on page 8 this
week which will be Of interest to our
men readers. .El
The Misses Elizabeth and Jos.
ephine Hutchinson are at home from
Grinnell college, for the summer va.
cation. Their brother, Arthur Hutch
inson, remained at Grinnel until az
ter the commencement exercises.