davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1914-09-24
WHEAT AT CHICAGO
STARTS WELL BUT
WEAKENS AT CLOSE
Early Strength Based on Bet
ter Gables From Liverpool
and Small Receipts in the
Northwest.

CHICAGO, Sept. A-Ezcept for a brief
period at the outset, wheat was heavy
today, becoming weak near the close.
Dullness was the chief characteristic.
The strength early was on better cables
from Liverpool and smaller receipts in
the Northwest.
Considerable interest was manifested in
the heavy buying of wheat. presumably
by foreigners, on the Pacific coast
Large quantities Of new crop have been
taken within the last two weeks in
Oregon and Washington. Since the be-
ginning of the war Atlantic-America has
largely monopolized the worlds export
wheat trade.
Interior receipts today were 2.940, 900
bushels, and for the week thus for H.
27L0O0 bushels Seaboard flour clearances
today were 1900 barrels, and wheat 923. 900
bushels. Cash sales were 900 bushels.
Futures closed Ia to ia. lower.
Corn was a little frmer at the outset
but developed weakness later. specula-
tion was at low ebb. Shipping trade was
equally unimportant and the country was
selling no corn. Cash sales were s5. 900
bushels. Futures closed "a to 1 cent
lower.
oats were quiet, finishing q to a cents
lower Cash sales were 5000 bushels
Provisions broke badly after showing
hrmness early.
Leading futures ranged as follows:
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1914-09-24
COTTON DEALERS ASK
DIRECT LOANS FROM
FEDERAL TREASURY
President, in Non-committal
Reply, Cautions Against
Setting Precedents That
May Be Detrimental in the
Future.

WASHINGTON, Sept. PA delegation
of cotton men from the Farmers Union
headed by Charles S. Barrett, of Geor-
gia, called on President Wilson today
and asked him to support Representa-
tive Henrys measure permitting direct
loans TO cotton planters from the Unit
ed States Treasury. The President
took their proposal under advisement.
The cotton men believe that II they
can secure direct loans from the Gov
ernment 1t will relieve them of their
troubles. They think that in this way
the price Of the staple can be main
talned. Among those who took part in
the conference we're Representatives
Bartlett, of Georgia.; Henry, Of Texas;
Murray, of Oklahoma.
President Wilson's remarks to the cot
ton men were as followe
"Of course I need not say gentlemen,
that the gravity OF the situation is very
manifest; and I want you to know that
7 have been giving a great deal of at
tention to 1t. with the earnest desire to
see some way by which the difficulties
could be solved without committing the
Government in principle to any action
which would plague us in the future.
1.-THE danger of the present situation
is that under the. pressure of what ap-
pears to be necessity we should make
some radical departures from sound
economic practice which in tho future
years we would very much regret. We
have got to make great sacrifices not
to make fundamental mistakes.
Now, I am not thereby implying q
judgment as to any specific proposition,
but I feel bound myself to guard against
impulses, when impulses are so strong:
just as 1 feel it so necessary for us in an
situation to guard every inn
pulse and see that we do not make any
mistakes which future generations will
have just cause to blame us for.
But 1 want you to know how sincerely
appreciate the gravity of the situation
and how entirely willing l am to con-
slider anything that Is laid before me by
Way OF practicable suggestion"
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1914-09-24
BANKS OPPOSE PLAN
FOR REDUCTION IN
CURRENCY INTEREST
Say Plan of Senator Smith
to Lower Rates for Emer-
gency Money Would Hurt
Market.

Bankers in this city generally look with
disfavor on the bill introduced in the
Senate yesterday by Senator Smith. of
South Carolina, proposing to amend the
Aldrich-Vreeland act reducing the rate
of interest which banks shall pay to the
Government for emergency currency Is
sued to them on securities accepted by
the Secretary of the Treasury as COL
lateral.
Senator Smiths bill proposes to reduce
the present rate, which is 3 per cent.
for the first three months and II of
per cent. for each succeeding month until
the rate reaches 6 per cent. to l
per cent. for the first months and after
that l per cent. for each month over the
months period.
1t is understood that Senator Smiths
bill Is designed to meet demands of the
agricultural interests of the South, es-
pecially cotton growers. The present rate
of per cent, these interests hold, pre-
vents the loan of it to agricultural peo-
pie who cannot get along without long
times loans.
Should the rates of interest on this
form of currency be lowered, bankers
hold, 1t would have an adverse effect in
that some persons, finding that money
was comparatively easy to get would
be inclined to take it out even If it were
not necessary. The use of this money
should be discouraged as much as pos
sible, say the bankers, and the rates
should be higher than they are at pres
ent, so that the banks would want to
return the emergency currency as soon
as possible.
THE taking out of much of this
money" said one banker, would result
in lot of 'nat' money being in circula-
tion, and pretty soon there would not
be any gold in the country with which
to redeem it. The rates should have
been kept at 5 per cent. Apparently
there is no urgent need for money In
the South, or the bankers would be
perfectly willing to pay per cent.
for 1T
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1914-09-24
STEAMSHIP POOL WILL
DEFER ITS BOND INTEREST
International Mercantile Marine Says
War Has Had Disastrous Effect.

1t was announced officialiy today that
payment Of interest on the international
Merchantile Marine Company's ~ per
cent. bonds, due october /, will be defer
red. Directors of the company have de-
cided that IL will be for the best interests
of its security holders to permit the
subsidiary companies TO conserve their
assets in view of present disturbance In
financial markets.
An announcement by the company calls
attention to the fact that since January
/, 1914 business in both its passenger and
freight departments has been very un-
satisfactory, and that the company has
not fully earned its fixed charges for the
period which ended July 81. Under ordi-
nary operating conditions, It might be
reasonably anticipated that the deficiency
would be made UP during the remain
ing FIVE months of the fiscal year.
The European war however, has
brought the entire ocean transportation
situation to an extremely unsettled con-
dltion and has necessitated the complete
withdrawal of the compay's Red Star
Line service to Antwerp. The company
says 1t lie, therefore, impossible to form
any estimate of what its earnings may
be for the balance of the year.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1914-09-24
PUBLIC UTILITIES

All previous records for production of
natural gas in the United States were
broken last year when the output
amounted to 5S1, SOS. 239, 900 cubic feet.
valued al sS7.Si5 SIT. This compares with
a production OF 562, ,203, ,452, 600 cubic feet.
valued at Ss4,563 957. in 1912. or the
total product, about 80 per cent. was used
Tor domestic purposes. or lSi,SS5, $50, 600
cubic feet valued at S5O.522, AIS. and 6S
per cent for Industrial purposes, or 397, -
ol2,5I1cOO cubic feet. valued at S37,324, 262
West Virginia led in production with
45,i53.9S5, 600 cubic feet, valued at S34, =
l6i's5o. PENNSYLVANIA was second with
an output of llS,S6O, ,26O, 600, valued at S2I,-
695,S45.
Northern California Power Company
which serves the territory north of the
Pacific Gas and Electric territory.
reports gross earnings for the seven
months ending July 81. OF Sis7, 900, an
increase Of $685. 900 as compared with 1919
In four years the gross earnings have in
creased Ssla per cent.
Local stockholders Of the wayIand OH
and Gas Company learned today that the
South Penn Oil Company had Increased
IT'S purchase of oil from so TO 100 Der
cent, In the West Virginia field. and thar
ms arrangement would continue until
the end OF October. The curtailment OF
these purchases caused the suspension
OF dividends on the stock OF the Way
land concern.
attorneys representing the New York
Central lines will appear before the
Illinois State Public Utilities Commission
on October Is to get permission TO com
Plete consolidation Of the New York
Cen'sal Se sl ana the Lake Shore and Miehl-
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1914-09-24
PHILADELPHIA MARKETS

weighing ., lbs. and over apiece. roc. do.
Weighing lig4ls lbs. apiece GOae5c.; do,
per pair lJH1Sc. '' F'e''
,, DRESSED:-Ofering of desirable stock
iight and prices firm with trade fair. Fresh
Killed fowls. per h. weighing 4lg6b lbs
apiece 2Oiac.; do, weighing lbs. apiece 2oc !;
Wcighing . lbs, and under, 16c.; old ROSTERS
dry-picked; 3lgc.; broilinE chickens, nearby
chickens, nearby, fair. 10 good, 16aisc chick,
ems western, $iga+ lbs apiece, l5c. do. do.
WefslteIn' fal' l,sa2 lbs apiece. 17aisc; broiiins
cllckens, Western. fair to good, 15di6c:
SQUADS per doz.White. weighing II 10 III
iI6s.' IEs.' per doz. S+.l5q4.5O white weigh
yCiShinS lbs. Ier- doz.. 81 25q2.5o; do do,
: lbs, per doz.. 81 75a2; do do. Gq61s lbs
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1914-09-24
MORE DIVIDENDS DEFERRED

Because of existing business conditions
the directors of the following companies
today decided to defer action on divi-
dends due at this time, and conserve their
assets:
rhe Atlantic City Company on preferred
stock, which Is due October I: United
States Smelling. Refining and Mining
Company, ~ per cent, 10 cents on com
mon. The regular quarterly dividend on
~ per cent. was declared on the pre-
ferred, payable October IS to stock Of
record September 30.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1914-09-24
GRAIN AND FLOIR

,WHEAT,-Receipts7 75325 bush Prices de-
GMned l42c. under lower reports from The
vest Car lots. in export elevator-No. 2 red.
y sWiGSSssrns Sns,I ~ 81 l8glls; No. Northern Duluth
CORS.-Receipts, GOOO bush Trade auIet
put prices well maintained. Car lots 70,
sSSai ss@ ss' trade as to location-.No. ., yellow
OATS.--,Receipts, 81. 800 bush. Prices
steady With demand fair and offerings mod,
crate. No ?. white, 54ia a 55c. Standard
- nFLoCR.-Receipts. 21s5 bbls.. / 22S 222 lbs
IN sacks The market dull and weak under
pressure to sell Winter, clear, S4 T5T5. do
sstraight, slq5;25; do, patent $5i0d >. n:
kansas straight, jute sacks, So 20a5 80; do
clear s475aS; do, straight s5I6a5 20: d.
baateht, S5."oqj.sh do. favorite brands SsTi
20: City mills. regular grades-winter, clear
S+'aSg5' do. straight, S5H5jO; do. pate nj
ssE5 KfE e FpLdIoEEiRf-steadiy FL held but quiet. at
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1914-09-24
FOREIGN EXCHANGE

A recent development in the foreign
exchange market is the establishment
OF direct exchange relations with Ger
tain of the neutral countries on the
European continent. The war and re-
sultinR unsatisfactory status of the
sterling market has led importers Of
American merchandise in those coun.
tries to have consignments financed
through New York instead of London
as was the regular practice prior to
outbreak of war Demand sterling
easier today at 4.951sd495A; cables
flrmer.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1914-09-24

BANKERS SAY THERE is
NO MONEY H0ARDING HERE
Are Not Worried About Secretary
McAdoo's Threats Of Exposure.


No worriment is felt by bankers in this
city because of the threat Of Secretary
McAdoo to withdraw emergency currency
from banks which borrowers declare are
restricting loans needed for legitimate
commercial purposes. The Secretary is
insistent In his declaration that many
large banks throughout the country arc
doing this sort Of thing and he says he
will make public the names OF any such
institution found guilty of the practice.
An executive officer in one Of Philadel-
phias largest banks this afternoon ex-
pressed the opinion that none OF the big
banks here have even been suspected of
boarding and that SO far as Philadelphia
financial Institutions are concerned, bor-
rowers who need funds for trade pur-
poses are being afforded every facility.
Secretary McAdoos plan to subject
such banks TO system Of pitless pub
llcity' is apparently in good form" said
the banker, but there need be no fear
OF the names of any Philadelphia bank
being put into the list"
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1914-09-24
PROVISIONS

We're guiet and barely steady. city beef in
sets. smoked and air-dried. 3ITG2c Western
beef IN sets. smoked. 3lF32c. city beef
SdliSSSIe SSBgSSSIes and tenders. smoked and air-dried
smoked, 32a3+a, beef hams, iod4sc pSrE
faImnIiy' '2Gg27. Hams $ P. cured. loose l5is
glb'2c; do, skinned, loose. l5ipT l6c do .
do, smoked. 1sqlac.; other hams. smokei. citg
cured as to brand and average. lsalHc;
mans, smoked, Western cured. lS6 IGc.. d,
boiled, homeless, 2sa2ac. picnic Shoulders.
Ia, r cured, Loose. l2Tl2'gc.; do, smoked ia
i4tec'; hcllies. in pickle. according TO average
loose, lGl!pl7c.; breakfast bacon. as to brand
and average, city cured. 2lT23r: breakfast
BACON; Western cured. 2ld2}c.. lard Western
refined; ,tierces lrsa11a.c.; DO, d. DO. tubs.
IL IL i'2f 2. il1.e' lard pure city. kettle rendered
IN tltrcss, lllsg llt4C.; lard pure city kettle
rendered. In tubs. IlL.Mlla.c - wv.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1914-09-24
$72,0OO.OOO SENT WEST
TO COVER GRAIN CARGOES
Shipments Total More Than So,ooo,-
900 Bushels Since Julv.

Some idea of the wealth that Is going
into the West because of enormous crops
is shown in the fact that since the lst
of July more than S0,OOOOOO bushels OF
wheat, including -four, have been shipped
out of this country. The average price
obtained was approximately 90 cents a
bushel, which means a total of about $72-
600 900.
All of this money. less an average rate
of 10 cents bushel for freight carriage.
goes into the West. 1t Is the contention
OF grain experts that the exports OF
wheat and flour will be doubled. If 1t
shall be available on the present crop,
and that the average price from now on
will be well over the dollar a bushe
mark.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1914-09-24
GET LOAN ALLOTMENTS

Subscribers in this city to the New
York city 6 per cent. bonds received
notice today of their allotments. only
20 per cent. Of the subscriptions for the
three years was awarded in most cases.
More than this was awarded on thr.
two-year bonds and the fun amount on
the one-year notes: a trust company
which was awarded some Of the bonds
and notes was offered 1O1 for its allot-
ment.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1914-09-24

To vote on the approval of a refund
ing and improvement mortgage cover
Ing the railroad properties. rights and
franchises. a special meeting OF the
stockholders Of the Erie Railroad will
be held on October 13
President Harrison. of the Southern
Railway. wants the next annual meet
ing OF the company, which will be held
on October 1S. to be more than the
conventional routine" and looking to-
ward this end he has sent a letter to
stockholders asking their cooperation.
Stockholders are invited to ask questions
OF the management.
THE only hope for our railroads. II
they are to remain under private owner
snip, Is that there be an immediate ad-
vance allowed in their passenger and
freight rates" said B. F. Bush, presi-
dent of the Missouri Pacific and the
Denver and Rio Grande Railroads. In,
an address before the Missouri Pacific
Association. "A moderate advance in
the rates that would afford the railroads
the desired revenue would not appre-
ciably increase the prices OF any COM
modify to the consumer"
The New Hampshire Public Seryice
Commission has denied the application
or the Boston and Maine Railroad and
the Grand Trunk Railway for permission
to increase passenger mileage rates from
? TO "a cents a mile
Rate cases involving allowances TO So
called industrial or tap lines for hauling
cement in the eastern producing district
VIII be taken up by the Public Service
Commission OF Pennsylvania early in Oc-
tooer Important questions affecting this
ana other commodities will be raised.
Inc new north aid south route OF the
nm lines between the northwest and
Galveston, which affords a saving OF 100
miles In distance, Is TO be put in opera
tion November l with a through train |
service, and the understanding is that |
me Trinity and Brazos Valley will pass
INTO tull possession OF the Hill interests
at the termination of its reoeivership.
Ihe pennsylvania, through a holding
company, is acquiring a block of LAND
n bunalo as a site for a terminal
market similar to those it operates in
Philadelphia, harrisburg and PittsburKh.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1914-09-24
STEEL TREASURER RESIGNS

At the monthly meeting of the Cant
bria Steel Company. held here today A
J. Robinson resigned as treasurer and d.
B. Gehly, secretary. was elected to sue
coed him. Mr.. Robinson was granted n
leave of absence until January / owing
TO Ill health. He Will. however. remain a
vice president of the corporation.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1914-09-24
COTTON EXCHANGES OPEN

Reopening of the cotton exchanges
now include Dallas, Memphis. Montgom-
cry, New Orleans and Savannah. The
New Orleans exchange. which resumed
business today, is regarded as giving II
brighter outlook to the holders OF cot
ton and TO all whose business Is de-
pendent thereon. This opening. 1t IL
expected will be responded to by con-
siderable cotton buying throughout the
country
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1914-09-24
ANOTHER CUT IN SUGAR

The Federal Sugar Refining Company
this afternoon announced a further re-
duction in its price of refined sugar of
y cent a pound, to 6.25 cents, less 2 per
cent for cash for fine granulated Other
reliners continue to quote SIS cents. Raw
sugars also declined. Spot falling 4 cent
to 500 cents.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1914-09-24
MONEY SITUATION HERE
HAS TlGHTENED SOMEWHAT
Brokers Have Difficulty in Placing
Good Name Commercial Paper.

The money market in this city is tight.
About the only business being done Is In
commercial paper, and money lenders re-
port that even this has fallen off, COM
pared with a week ago when moro in-
quiry appeared than had been evident for
some time. Country banks were then
active, asking their city correspondents
to look over the commercial paper mar
ket for them for good name paper. There
Is still some inquiry from the country In
sttutions, however, but not to any great
extent.
Rates are holding the same, call money
being 6 per cent. and commercial paper
at and ~. the transactions made being
generally at the former figure. Paper
brokers' on their tour of the banks, re-
ported this morning that the latter did
not appear to want any paper ana IN
some cases they were having some dihl-
Guilty in placing paper for their custom
ers. The banks. as they customarly do'
are caring for their own customers hrst'
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1914-09-24
PORT OF NEW YORK
VESSELS ARRIVING TO-DAY.

Antilles. BOYD. Genoa, passengers and msr.
chandise, Southern Pacific CO. dockei : a m
Ntrgine lFT), BourieauX, Bordeaux mas
sengers and Merchandise, CompaEne GeneFale
Transatlantique Co, doclSe,i S a. m
New York, Liverpool passenger and ner-
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1914-09-24
BANK CLEAR.TNGs

Bank clearinFs today compare with corr.-
spending day last two years. 0''''
philadelphia s2i So 23s s24 100 SD ~ a,o
Boston @ .,.... ,l732+ 76T 22 4O503G 20 i3o,G6i
Chicago 800. 4l,i5f24l IL. aSS l2S ~, 90 ~
st. Lou!s..... 10 1G1. CTS II 2OGO13 II, l33 sIn
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1914-09-24
BAR SILVER

Bar silver in London today remained
unchanged as to price. Quotation was
2iAd, There was no change In New York.
the quotation remaining at 80 cents.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1914-09-24
LONDON oLEARANcEs

CiearinEs through London banks for
td9 the W week were fisisso.oOO against s255.-
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1914-09-24
PORT OF PHILADELPHIA
Sun and Tides

Sun and Tides
Sun rises. Gao am. Sun SETS. $3.50 pm.
PHILADELPHIA.
High Water. 40 a. m. High water. 10 pm.
Low water. -. am. Low water. :Ol m.
REEDY ISLAND.
High water. 1:3s am. High water. 2;Os p m.
Low water. S:1e am Low water. $3.50 pm.
EREAkWATER.
High water. II "a IN High water IL 81 p. m.
Low water. 4:52 am. Low water. 5;35 pm.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1914-09-24

STEAMSHIPS
Fernmon (RrD, Galveston to Hull, grain
20, COO quarters 2s Cd, prompt
Bratsberg (Norl, 2ils tons. time charter.
general trades three 10 six months, al or
Nsilrose jciBrJ 22a7 tons. Savannah to
United Kingdom cotton. basis 80 cents, one
crown of Cordova CRr) 2ass tons. Gulf 10
United Kingdom or France, -four, private
terms September October.
Romsdal tSoTD 202S tons Baltimore 10
Havana, coal. private terms. prompt
KronStad Nor }. 1900 tons, Quebec and
Point du Chene TO Glasgow. deals, 42s Cd
Nevlsbrook ,Br). 1868 tons, Gulf to I'nitsd
Kingdom, timber, private terms prompt
Foregn steamship, -. 1000 tons dead
weight, Montreal 10 Havre hay. 81 for com
pressed, SIS for non compressed, October
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1914-09-24
RAILROAD EARNINGS

CHICAGO AND ALTON.
Second week September. s2SO,T7s s95 o6s
From July l........+.,,.. 3, ,l27e0i 63Ge"S
GRAND TRUNK WESTERN.
Third week September 81 Os2,Si1 S5i 30
From July 1...........-..le .le, ,S45.623 T2S S2g
SOUTHERN PACIFIC.
1914. Decrease
August gross ...........S .SIl. l.G72,l5T SSsl mo
Net .s.'.-.'.. -''s...s.s. 1914, SIS ASA. S2S
Two months gross ..... 23,305,O7T 7iOO23
Net Observation-Disclosures. u, ktB, Abl Opl
BUFFALO, RCcH ESTER AND PITTS
Third week september. s2Is SOP StOOS1
From July l,.....,......- 2,Go+,s70 s52.6o6
NEW YORK BUTTER AND EGGS
NEW YORK. Sept. 2I-Butter ouist
receipts 1885; creamery extra. 3OJaa3ic.
state dairy, tubs. a2129Isc; limitation
creamery frsts. 24d241zc.
Eggs-Dull; receipts. 1850; nearby
white fancy Ss44oc.; nearby mixed
fancy, 2592sc.; fresh hrSts. 24aSOc.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1914-09-24
GERMAN CRUISERS
ACTIVITIES CAUSE
WAR RISK RAISE
Sinking of Six Ships by
Commerce Destroyers In
Influences Increase to 5 Per
Cent. to Far East.

Activity of German commerce destroy
ers, which recently sank six steamships
In the Bay of Bengal has caused an adj
vance to five per cent. in some classes
of war risk Insurance rates, and has in
fluenced the American Institute of
Marine Underwriters not to quote any
rates on vessels bound to countries
bordering on or near the bay.
Tho advanced rates will apply particu-
larly. to countries on the east ana west
coast of Africa; In the Antlpodes and In
the neighborhood of China and Japan,
where German cruisers are said to be
particularly active in their raids on com
merce,
The table below, prepared by the Amer
lean Institute of Marine Underwriters,
shows the rates ruling this week for
war risk insurance on exports of general
merchandise shipped through Philadel-
phia, New York and Boston These rates
were received today by local underwriters.
The institute makes it plain that they are
not to be accepted as current figures
and that it is not imperative that they
10 ioiiV"Su III tie WIlllIg Oh risks. Inc
matter of proper rates to be charged is
left entirely to the discretion of the in
dividual underwriters.
The rates are percentages of the cargo
values. The first column covers vessels
flying flags of belligerent nations except
Germany and Austria, for which no rates
are quoted; the second column, ships of
foreign neutral nations, and the last col
umn for American vessels