davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1914-10-01

zeal birds is sharply drawn because
France has pinned her faith to the
aeroplanes, whereas Germany, with
persistence worthy of the race and
at staggering cost, has given her al
lesiance to the monster gas bags
commonly known as Zeppelin airships.
AS with most things, each type has
its advantages and disadvantages. In
neutral countries, such as the United
states, where the outcome OF this par
tisanship is awaited with keenest in
terest, there is n general sentiment
among military men to the effect that
the aeroplane Is preferable TO the pom
derous Zeppelin, which may come to
grief II shot strikes the great gas
bag which is supposed to constitute a
conspicuous target, But then, in con-
sidering this preference, 1t is only fair
to remember that the idea of most
American officers with respect to the
use of flying machines in warfare is
that these cloud-climbers be used
primarily II not exclusively for scout
ing purposes. The Germans, on the
other hand, as has been clearly
shown, have an ambition to use sky
vehicles for bomb dropping, and It
might even be ventured to employ
Zeppelins to transport ANAL bodies OF
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1914-10-01

ure he succeeded, although the invad-
Ing host reached such vast proper
lions that the German line stretched
miles and miles beyond the objective
point. Here 1t was that the allied
armies of England and Prussia met
that of France, commanded by Napo-
leon. No spot in the world takes rank
over Waterloo from a historical view
point for here it was that Napoleon S
Haunting colors were lowered in de-
feat, defeat which led to his exile
and lonely death on the bleak and
barren island of St. Helena.
Although its name fills page after
page of the worlds most important
history, Waterloo is nothing but a
tiny village spread out on the plains
of Belgium, in the Province Of Bra
bant, nine miles southeast of Brussels.
1t was on June IS, 1915. that the Duke
of Wellington and Butcher met the
French under Napoleon and rocked
the conqueror's hitherto wonderful
army machine to its foundation. on
the scene Of this struggle huge
mound has been thrown up upon the
crest of which Is a mammoth lion of
bronze. Waterloo is still one of the
show places of Europe. and no doubt
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1914-10-01

long chain of German victories had
been broken. The French losses at
Colombey, sometimes known as the
Battle of Colombey Nouilly, or Colon
bey-Borny, or just Borny, for some
of the sharpest lighting occurred at
village by that name, We're $500,
while the Germans left 1900 men
dead on the field
Germans Gain Victory.
The French army was in and
around Metz, and the Germans occu-
pied positions east of them with out
posts we'll TO the front. on the 14th
of August the Germans moved for
ward and took a ridge between CO.
lombey and Borny. held by the
French. a general battle resulted.
The German lines began to waver and
their commander sent a peremptory
order for the Prussians to retreat.
This order, fortunately for the Ger
mans, was ignored and instead Of be
ing defeated, the Germans turned the
day into a partial victory.
This same Battle-Ground is still
stained with the blood of the count
less hundreds who have fallen in the
present struggle, and while only four
army corps We're engaged in the Fran
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1914-10-01

powers measure up in the possession
| of the new fortunes of war;" In
aircraft if not IN automobiles, France
leads, although she had planned TO
spend this year but $4,000 900, as COM
pared with Germany's $1,000, 600 for
new aerial equipment. AT the out
break of the war France had thirteen
dirigible balloons and seven ordered,
as compared with Germanys seven
teen dirigibles in service and five or
dered But Franco has $50 army
aeroplanes, as compared with 1852 in
the possession Of Germany, and
France has 1000 private aeroplanes
which may be taken over for military
service, whereas Germany has but zoo
private aeros thus available.
England which had planned to
spend s5,0O0,o 900 on airships this year,
has six dirigibles on hand and four
building. She has a flock of l61 mil
itary and naval aeroplanes in service
but how strongly England is leaning
to the idea of the big seaplane or
naval hydroplane is attested by the
fact that aside from the forty-seyen
aeroplanes which she had under con-
StruCtiOn at the tlrne WIT broke out
she has ordered twenty-five OF the
powerful seaplanes which It Is felt
will be OF the greatest assistance to
her battleship fleet. England's ally,
Japan, confesses to the possession of
only two dirigibles, with one ordered,
and twenty aeroplanes.
Austria went into the fray with five
dirigibles in readiness and three IN
der construction. and with forty mill
tary aeroplanes and six naval aeros.
Russia on the other hand, has nine
dirigibles in service and ten ordered,
to say nothing Of ESQ aeroplanes. Italy
has eight dirigibles in readiness and
two more on the way, while as for
aeroplanes she has $50 now and will
shortly add thirty more. OF the lesser
powers. Belgium has one dirigible
complete, one dirigible under con-
struction and forty aeroplanes; Bull
garia, one dirigible and twenty eight
aeroplanes; Roumania. twenty-four
aeroplanes: Greece, fifty-two aero
planes: Switzerland. four aeroplanes,
Servia, eight aeros; Montenegro, three
aeroplanes; Holland. three asroplanes,
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1914-10-01

troops under exceptional circum-
stances.
Much the same divergence of opin-
ion prevails with respect to the use
of motor cars in warfare. Practically
all nations are agreed that the motor
truck has its place in the transport
machinery of the modern field force,
but there Is no like unanimity of opin-
ion to the effect that motor propelled
artillery is worth while And yet the
results of the present war seem to in
dictate that there are circumstances
when it is mighty convenient to have
motors that will rush field guns into
action and will even bring up siege
guns on the double quick" How
ever. the rapid advance Of the Ger
man army in the initial campaign OF
the war is declared to have been made
possible by the extensive employment
of motor vehicles. BY means of their
tractors and their heavy guns mount
cd on wheels of the Caterpillar" type
familiar in American farm ma
chinery) the Germans were able, for
the first time in the history of mod
ern warfare, to rely to only very
limited extent upon the railroads.
But II Is the French, as might be
expected, considering their love OF
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1914-10-01

when the present conflict has been
brought to a close an added interest
will surround it, for no doubt exists
that the Battle of Waterloo of today
will make that of 1915 appear in
the light of a mere skirmish when
comparative figures Of the lives sacri-
feed have been gathered and totaled
History Repeats Itself.
In scanning the daily reports from
the war zone of today frequent men
ton is made of the Army of the Meuse
and the Army of the Moselle, two
mighty wings of the kaiser's forces
that Joined and battered so long and
arduously against the heroically held
fortresses commanded by the sturdy
little Belgians. 1t was near this same
battle line that the bloody battle Of Co.
lombey- Nouilly, more commonly called
the Battle of Courcelles, was fought
There was no battle in the Franco
frussian war of 1870 which instilled
more confidence into the French
troops than that at and near Colon
hey, a small village in long-lost Lor-
raine, four miles east of Metz, the
capital. Although defeated and forced
to retreat to the cover of the forts
at Metz, the French supposed that the
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1914-10-01

Co-Prussian engagement, upwards of
a million men battled here for SUI
premacy in the titanic struggle Of to-
day.
The Plateau of Jena is another spot
replete with historic interest for not
only was one of the worlds most mem
orable battles fought there, but its
surroundings are closely linked with
the memories Of Goethe Schiller and
Martin Luther. Jena is located In the
central part Of Germany and on this
plateau Napoleon achieved one of his
most notable victories. The ruins Of
the old fortresses laid to waste by the
Little Corporal's" troops are one Of
the sights first pointed out to Ameri
can tourists. On October IA, 1906.
Napoleon at the head of his army met
and routed the Prussians under their
King and Prince Hohenlohe. The
Prussians left 1000 dead and wound
ed on the field, while nearly as many
of their number fell into the hands
Of Napoleon as prisoners of war. The
French casualties totalled $4,000.
From here Napoleon at once advanced
to Berlin. where he issued the Berlin
Decree.
Next in interest to the Notifications
and ramparts are the many monu-
ments that have been erected to ia
nous men, and the Black Bear Inn,
where Martin Luther stopped while
in flight from Warburg. There are
many ancient and historic castles
about Jena, which in itself is but a
town of about 21,000 population.
Battle OF CreCy
Crecy. small town in the North
Of France, is the scene of the famous
battle which occurred on August 26th,
1916, between the English, under Ed
ward III. and the French. under King
Philip VI After fighting from early
morning until midnight the French
army was almost annihilated. 1t is
said that cannon were used with great
effect for the first time during the
conflict.
The town Is In the Department of
Somme, twelve miles northeast of Alb
beville, on the bank Of the River Maye.
ON the forward slope of the town the
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1914-10-01

invasion of Belgium and France made
possible only by the use of the space
annihilatinF military motors.
After all, however there was in the
early chronicles of the war no one in
cident which so typified the signiti-
canoe of the new era of the auto and
the aeroplane as that whiGh occurred
when a body of Belgian troops defend
ing a position against a night attack
suddenly found their fortifications IL
Illuminated and the secrets of their de-
Tense disclosed by plaques or discs
dropped from the enemy's aeria'
scouts soaring overhead and which
missiles, when they struck the ground
burst into flames that for the time
being turned night into day In the
locality, and enabled the opposing
gunners to get the range" without
difficulty.
Aeroplane Versus Dirigible.
Decidedly the most interesting tech
meal question to be answered by the
present war has to do with the rela-
tive merits OF aeroplanes, or heavier
than air flying machines, and dirigible
balloons-modern successors of those
original balloons which were ever AT
the mercy of the winds. The issue
between these two species Of meohan-
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1914-10-01

English troops were entrenched. With.
out hesitancy. King Philip, at the head
of his $1,000 troops, marched on the
English force of some 10000. All day
/ long mailed knights hurled themselves
against each other while archers kept
up deadly fire.
A conspicuous figure in the fighting
was the Prince of Wales, called the
Black Knight" So daring were his
. tactics that several knights went to
the King and told him to warn the
young Prince against such daring
Edward answered them proudly: lie
| the boy win his spurs"
The population of Crecy is onl,
| 1900.
1t was only forty-four years ago
that the world famous battle of Sedar
was fought, a historic spot within {
few hours ride of the line of BATH
OF today, and not far from Colombey,
Nouilly, where MacMahon, havinl
been defeated by "Unser Fritz" a
! Woerth, had retreated to Saverne, U
the Moselle, to Chalons, to Rheims, Il
Sedan. There, on August 20, h,
turned at bay with 10000 mel
against the King of Prussia, tn
Crown Prince of Prussia and tn,
Crown Prince of Saxony with 100000
| The great battle began at o'clock II
the morning of September 1; by
| o'clock that afternoon 1t had reached
the height Of Its fury and by o'clock
| "Unser Fritz" announced that the
Germans were completely masters Of
! the field. The next morning the EN-
| peror of the French, in an autograph
note to King William, surrendered
with his entire army and he was sent
to Germany a prisoner of war.
Sedan was chiefly an artillery bat
tie In which the Germans had 500 and
the French 500 guns. The Germans
| lost 5000 officers and men. The
| French lost 5000 killed, $4,000
wounded and $1,000 prisoners in bat
tie, and $4,000 surrendered the next
day. The Germans took 4l9 field
guns, 1919 fortress guns and $4,000
! rifles.
IT is this struggle, those who claim
to know, assert that the Kaiser hopes
to eclipse. VIII he succeed? That il
the question the entire world awaits.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1914-10-01
VLr0eIsoy ZaIeSrHIOh CE~0

novelties, who are responsible for THAI
combination of the auto and the aero
which may be said to rank as the
last word" in military progress.
While the Germans were pinning their
faith to giant Zeppellns, each shell
tered in a permanent building at a
base" on the frontier, the French
evolved a specially designed motor
truck which will transport an aero
plane from place to place. thus i'm
parting new element of mobility to
the aerial defense. And to make the
Arrangement complete each aeroplane
truck carries tent or hangar, which
can he speedily erected rs shelter
for the bird Of war after il has been
unloaded from the special convey
ance. France has more than n dozen
of these special motor trucks for car
rying aeropanes. Carrying out the
same idea, all the leading European
nations now have arrangements
whereby seaplanes or hydroplanes-
naval counterparts of military aeros-
may be carried on warships and
launched from their decks upon their
flights of observation.
The Cost OF The New Warfare.
Although aerial and automobile
warfare is but just finding its first
cXempliflcation of any magnitude in
the world wide war now in progress a
colossal expenditure has been made
by all the great powers in prepare
ton for this latest form of combat
The reader may be forgiven If he is
all but incredulous of the statement
that during the past five years the gov
ernments OF the world have expended
the sum of $10O,000,000 for aeronau-
teal work However, detailed sta
tistics just compiled by American army
officers show that this is the total to
date, and ere the present war is fin
ished vast additions will probably have
been made to this sum. And this takes
no account of the expenditures dur
ing the same time for automobiles, the
purchase Of motor cars being distrib-
uted among so many branches of the
military and naval service that 1t has
been found impossible to compile ac-
curate comprehensive statistics.
Relative Strength of the Nations.
And how do the different European
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1914-10-01
Novelties for Warfare That Will Have Much To Do
With the Outcome ofthe Present Conflict Aero
planes Versus Dirigibles Automobiles for
Transport and As Gun Carriages.
by WALDON FAWCETT.

~ predicted mas come to pass.
The present deadly conflict in
u Europe and the orient is in
~ very truth war in the air and
strife carried on in horseless We
icles, The dove of peace has been
riven from the Old World by a very
MODERN war eagle and the locomotive.
as been, in sense, displaced by
Fackless engines Of destruction.
Moreover, these twentieth century
|onders, the airship and the military
Rotor car-noVelties which will play
prominent part in deciding the
cath struggle OF the nations-are, in
partial application, closely linked
fith that other latter-day marvel,
ireless biography. Together they
Prve to make this clash of arms a
ruggle without a parallel in the his
bry Of the world.
A Picturesque Touch To Tragedy.
From the very outset OF the war the
itomobiles and the sky warriors of
be combatants have added a pictur-
Bque touch to tragedy Could any
hing be more terrifying than the
Pectacle OF a night attack such as
as made upon Antwerp with bombs
Popping from the clouds, as it were,
pom a sleeping city. or again, wit
>Ss The panic that followed the quick
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1914-10-01

and Turkey. two dirigibles and fifteen
aeroplanes. For the sake of compari-
son it may be Of interest TO add that
the United States government, which
boasts not single dirigible, has fif-
| teen military aeroplanes and five ma
val aeros. However, in the United
States as in France, there are about
1000 private aeroplanes which coult
be pressed into the service of thu
nation in time Of need.
Wireless Teiegraphy Automobiles.
Wireless telegraphy used in con
nection with automobiles and aero.
planes figures conspicuously in that
technical team work" which makes
for modern military efficiency. Easily
the most advanced practice in this
sphere Is found in the automobile
wireless outfits. which constitute ir
each instance a wireless station on
wheels. by means of these porta BILE
radio stations all the paraphernalia OF
electrical communication without
wires may be speedily whisked from
place to place and as soon as the tele.
scopic mast which ia part Of the outfi'
can be extended and erected the OPP.
orators can go TO work sending anC
receiving messages.
Automobile wireless sets such as
those in use by the Belgian and
French armies have a radius-that is,
a sending range of 225 to $50 miles
and the electricity for the operation
of the set is generated by the motor
of the car. 1t can readily be real
lied that where contending armies are
clashing. as in the present war, along
far-hung battle lines these powerful
automobile wireless sets are of inf
nitely more value than the pack anC
sets and cart sets upon which the
military had to depend ere it was dis.
covered that the motor car could bt
hooked up" to a wireless outfit.
Motor cars are also being employed
to considerable extent by the fight
ing Europeans as army ambulance
and their advantages for this service
are numerous. Especially is the mo
tor ambulance superior because it en-
ables the conveyance OF wounded sol
diers to hospitals in the shortest pos
sible time and thereby renders IT pos
sible In many instances to save live
that would be sacrificed If there were
delay Powerful searchlights mount
ed on motor trucks constitute an
other innovation now receiving III
baptism Of fire
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1914-10-01
The Present Conflagratlon in Europe Recalls Ear
her Struggles for Supremacy On Plains Long
Since Historic for the Blood That
Was Shed Upon Them.
BY A. X. PARkHURST. JR.

on the other. those earlier struggles
pale into insigniflcance. Those earlier
battles involved thousands, while to-
day a single army corps of any ono
of the opposing armies number more,
perhaps, than all engaged in the pre-
vious battles. Where hundreds were
killed before, the losses Of the war
now raging total hundreds of thou
sands. Cor such is modern warfare in
period where civilization, supposed
ly, is at high tide.
Battle of Waterloo.
Forty years have elapsed since
those battles between France and the
Germans were fought on French and
Belgian soil The struggle now being
waged covers much of this same terri
tory only where decisive battles of
the earlier invasion were fought to q
finish on a single plain, such as at
Waterloo and other historic spots, the
battle line of today stretches for a
distance Of 200 miles and over every
inch of this line vast army corps face
each other and the roar of cannon,
the shrek of shell and the crash of
steel are Internationally heard. As the
opposing hosts pause long enough to
pick up their dead and care for their
wounded an appalling list of casual
ties Is each day recorded. This is
the price Germany's War Lord is
willing to pay, or exact, to make good
that ominous declaration attributed to
him: II shall be proclaimed the ruler
of the world, or go forth into exile"
When the forces of the Kaiser
sought to batter their way through
Belgium and reach the plains Of
Waterloo it was generally believed
that the decisive battle of this strug-
gle would there be fought. In meas
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1914-10-01

" nearby point with pride as they
Tell tourists of the stirring deeds of
valor that were there performed. Each
has its pet tradition, and the guides
to these blood-stained spots never tire
Of telling how warriors of old there
won their spurs, fought, bled and died
for the flag under which they bat
tied. Among those historic battle
fields might be mentioned Waterloo,
where the allied armies commanded
by the Duke of Wellington and Blu
cher were opposed by the French, led
by Napoleon; Crecy, where the French
were again defeated by the English;
the Plateau of Jena, where the French
retrieved their earlier losses by de-
feating the Prussians, and the field Of
Enthusiastically, where, in 1870,
the Prussian colors finally triumphed
over the tri-Color Of France.
Historians, novelists and poets have
recorded the valorous deeds here done
and sung the praises of the valiant
warriors who led their forces in bat
tie array. Romance has been inter-
woven with the sterner realities of
war, and those of us who peruse our
histories are thrilled by the vivid
word pictures of the titanic struggles
there writ. Yet, after all, as we to-
day turn to the pages of our news
papers and read with absorbing inter-
est the dispatches that are flashed be-
meath the sea from the Old World,
telling of the millions of men that are
grouped beneath the standards of Ger
many and Austria Hungary on the one
side, and England, France, Rus
STA, Belgium, Servia and Japan
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1914-10-01

D GATHERED throughout the Old
\ World are many historic bat
y tefields to which those living
The Greenville journal. [volume] (Greenville, Ohio) 1850-1918, 1914-04-16
HOW NATURE PRUNEs.

Shade Is Natures pruning knife.
Each tree wants to expose to the air
and light just as much leaf surface as
possible. Because of crowding only
the upward branches can develop
freely. The lower branches, because
of shading, fail to perform their func-
ton, so Nature gets rid of them. She
does this in the following manner:
When the lower limbs become shaded
many Of them die. The trunk Of the
tree in time entirely frees itself of the
limb. When the branch dies the an
nual layer Of wood continues to be
formed around the limb. This ulti-
mately forms a collar which so tightly
grips the dead limb that in time the
wind either breaks 1t off or 1t falls Of
Its own weight After a while, II all
goes we'll, the hole closes over. and no
exterior evidence of the limb remains.
Orchardists and foresters aid Nature
in speedily healing the wound by cut
ting of the limb just as close to the
trunk as possible. The longer the
stub that is left the longer 1t will take
to heal, and the more chances there
will be for decay to get a foothold. II
stub Is left 1t must die, for there are
no twigs with leaves on them to pull
up the plant food.