davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1914-06-21

known as "magazne"-a box attach
ment to a camera which will hold
twelve plates SO arranged that the
out under a black leather cloth, ex-
pose the plate to the lens. After the
exposure has been made the plate is
pushed Into the rear of the magazine
and another comes forward auto
matically. This is repeated until the
twelve are exposed. This does away
with the removing of the plate holder
from the camera after each exposure.
Photographing AT Sixty Miles An Hour.
Going at the rate of sixty miles an
hour 1t is necessary to use a rapid
shutter and under most conditions
what is known as wide open lens.
The rapid speed of the shutter, too,
overcomes the vibration of the motor
of the aeroplane. OF course, a tele-
photo lens is preferable and this type
is being used by the Navy operators
who are at present doing service at
Vera Cruz.
The telephoto lens Is trif1e slower
than the ordinary rapid lens SO, OF
course, rapid plates are required. A
new Photographic instrument known
as the balloon camera is ideal for aerial
photography as 1t is worked with less
moving about and the finder is SC
placed that one can see exactly what
the picture will be by merely looking
under the camera instead of in the
top. Aeroplane views of cities have
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1914-06-21

man slightly wounded in the arm is
tagged able to Walk" another with
broken leg would bear the inscrip-
ton Transportation Required" while
man seriously wounded, perhaps in
the abdomen, would be marked mot
able to endure transportation" and
would be cared for close to the lines.
When a man is shot the Hospital
Corps of his regiment render first aid
by the use of their hospital pouches
and then carry him to the first aid
station which is located few hundred
yards in the rear of the firing line.
Some times stretcher is used and
at others the man is carried on the
back of one of the Hospital Corps in
such manner as the exigencies of
the case demand. These men are
taught just how to handle the wound
ed in the most comfortable way to
the injured man. Frequently badly
shattered limb must be bound up at
once and this is sometimes done by
bandaging the limb and then using a
rifle and bayonet as splints; straw,
grass or anything soft which can be
found nearby Is used as padding
between the inside bandages and the
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1914-06-21
Corps, flew over the Mexican camps
and made a remarkable Photographic
record of the Mexican movements.

Corps, flew over the Mexican camps
and made a remarkable Photographic
record Of the Mexican movements.
Aeroplanes Instead OF Spies.
The flying has been continued day
after day, and in this way the general
in charge knows each evening just
what movements have taken place in
the Mexican camps. Lieutenant Bel
linger after one trip showed that the
Mexicans were destroying the railroad
tracks, at another he showed that
more men had arrived and that the
camps up in the sand hills behind Vera
Cruz were larger than a few days
previous. If this work continues it
will no longer be necessary for men
to risk their lives as spies by going
into the enemy's camp as all the OBJ
erations of the enemy can be dis
covered by the air scouts.
Can Change History.
Had an aeroplane been in use during
the Spanish-American War Ceryera' S
fleet might have been located long be-
fore it was, and while the results
would have undoubtedly been the same
the destruction of the Spanish fleet
might have taken place some DAYS
earlier and one disagreeable feature
at least might have been eliminated
the Sampson Schley controversy.
Again, in the Japanese Russian War
when the Japs tricked the Russians by
hanging branches of trees in such a
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1914-06-21
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perfect reproduction of their plans.
strength and size of guns.
'oreish countries nave come 10 re-
sard the aeroplane as Danger as wen
as aid and there is an International
Law on the other side which prohibits
the aeroplanist of another country
from fvino across the horder without
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U. S. Has Few Air Scouts.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1914-06-21

rif1e-bayonet splints. This keeps the
broken bones from grinding together
while the man Is being transported to
the hospital. Broken arms are bound
up in this way except that the bayonet
only is used. Very often the splints
carried in the hospital corps pouch
become exhausted. III
The bolo knife comes into use here,
as by it's aid any kind of wood can
be chopped into splints. A wound in
the head must be quickly bandaged.
The tourniquet is, of course. used to
stop hemorrhages. Anomalies spirits
of ammonia is frequently used as a
stimulant. In extreme cases first aid
has been given just outside the firing
line. However, the Hospital Corps
makes every effort to reach the first
aid station with the wounded. Here
the responsibility of the regimental
personnel ceases. At this station first
aid bandages are applied and the hem
orrhages are stopped. nothing further
being attempted there.
1t then devolves upon the Ambu-
lance Corps to transport the patients
to the dressing station or to the field
hospital-in many instances to both.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1914-06-21

ing automobiles, farm wagons or am
munition wagons into service. These
wagons go to the front filed and when
they are returning to the base of sup
plies they can be made to act as ambu-
lances by being padded in the bottom
with straw. The wounded are sent in
this way to the Evacuation Hospital,
which consists of four field hospitals
combined with an accommodation for
four hundred and thirty-two patients.
Evacuation Hospital A Reality.
Heretofore the Evacuation Hospital
in the United States Army existed only
on paper, but now one has become
Texas City. These evacuation hos
pitfalls are to be located at points ac-
cessible to railroad tracks from which
points the patients may be evacuated
by train to the base hospitals. The
hospital trains as authorized by the
Medical Department, will have a ca
paeity Of two hundred patients, eight
cars being used for that purpose.
Medical Department Prepared.
Whether there Is to be war or not
to be war the Medical Department of
the United States Army is going to be
prepared for even the mere occupation
of any part of Mexico is sure to be at
tended with more or less sickness de-
spite the fact that every place where
our army might be located will be
speedily put in sanitary condition.
The Hospital Corps, while always pre-
pared for emergencies, are making a
special study of field work and drills
are held frequently. The surgeons of
the army are always busy men at any
time, but doubly so at present. Great
quantities of medical stores have been
laid in. and it is safe to say that the
soldier who is wounded or falls VIC
tim to disease while fighting under the
Stars and Stripes will receive the most
prompt and best medical attention
science can afford.
Major Paul c. Hutton, through
whose courtesy the accompanying
photos were taken, is regarded as one
Of the most eminent surgeons In the
army. has seen service in almost every
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1914-06-21
The Method Of Making Photographs from
Aeroplanes and Balloons How These
Pictures May Change History.

there was much discussion as to
whether or not successful pictures
might be made during flights and
PHOTOGRAPHERS were eager to try this
out. Picture making from free bal
looms had sbeen in a way successful,
but aeroplaning was different. The
popular camera used by newspaper
photographers is of the rejecting type
and Is totally unfit for aerial photog-
raphy owing to the fact that one must
look in the hood at the top. This Is
almost an impossibility while sitting
in an aeroplane. Such a thing is, how
ever. possible when flying in one of
the flying boats for If necessary the
passenger may stand up in these f1iers.
AS all objects are over one hundred
feet from the machine what Is known
as fixed focus camera can be used,
or, better still, the camera can be set
for distance. This, of course, need
not be changed during the flight and
the operator has only the plates or
films to manage.
Plates Preferable.
Plates are always preferable be-
cause they are sure to lay fiat while
the Aim sometimes bulges and throws
the picture slightly out of focus. This
Is not always the case as the writer
has used films successfully both in
photographing from aeroplanes and
from balloons, but does not recon-
mend them for this work as their
greatest merit is lightness in weight.
If films are used the pack" Is pre-
ferable to the "roll' as with the for
mer the papers may be pulled off
without lifting the camera, while If
the latter is used the camera must be
turned up for winding. When plates
are used in aerial photography it is
best to have them loaded in what Is
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1914-06-21

position as to hide the operations of
the Japanese troops from the view of
the powerful Russian field glasses, a
single aeroplane flying high above
might have located the Japs and their
work and saved the Russians at least
from the great loss which occurred in
the battle that followed. Perhaps, in
deed, an aeroplane might have turned
this war into Russian victory. Again,
when the Spanish fought the Moors
in Morocco an aeroplane sent out from
Mellia could undoubtedly have located
the Moors in their ambush in the
hills. Photographs of these places
would certainly have prevented the
slaughter of the Spaniards which oc-
CURED so many times. Spain was
compelled to depend upon Moorish
spies for her information and these
were far from reliable. On one oc-
casion the Moors dressed up number
of dogs in white muslin in order to
draw the fire of the Spaniards. They
succeeded and then surrounded and
slaughtered a whole company of
Spanish soldiers. An aeroplane would
without question have prevented this.
During the war between Turkey and
Italy the air scouts "snooping" about
located the enemy time and again, and
on several occasions prevented battles
from taking place in which thousands
of lives might have been sacrificed
Again. photography played its part in
the Balkan War; when magnificent
photograph of the Battle of Adrianople
was made by Bulgarian air scout.
This picture was actually taken while
the battle was in progress. The scout
then flew back to the Bulgarian head
quarters and reported the strength of
the Turkish forces. In the end
Adrianople fell and the Turks were
defeated, and who can deny that the
information brought by the flying
man. did not figure largely in the
victory.
Value OF Altitude Flying.
The value of altitude flying can be
readily understood from a military
standpoint for in case of war battles
are not infrequently fought in noun
famous places and the air scout in
order to get the information as to
the location and numbers of the en-
emy's troops must be able to fly over
high mountains and his engine must
be tested out before. Fortifications
are at the mercy of the aerial photog-
rapher, as he may point his camera di-
rectly over them and get an absolutely
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1914-06-21
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part of the globe He went through
the Boxer troubles in China, and his
patients there came from almost every
part of the world. For some time he
was stationed at Fort Bayard, New
Mexico, where the army has a hospital
for the men of its ranks who may fall
victims to the white plague. A few
years later he was sent to Alaska.
AS sanitary officer he has few equals,
and last year he did excellent work in
the West in the flood district, where
his efficiency in this line prevented the
epidemics which invariably follow a
disaster of this kind. Major Hutton
was the sanitary officer at the encamp-
ment held at Gettysburg last summer
on the occasion Of the fiftieth ami
versary of the Battle of Gettysburg.
About forty thousand men were in
camp and the task of sanitation was
a colossal one but Major Hutton came
out victorious for there was practical
ly no illness among the men.
Hospital Corps Always In Danger.
Few people realize the danger which
the men of the Hospital Corps un-
dergo. Always close to the firing line
carrying the desperately wounded to
places of safety, or at first aid sta
ton patching up men who are only
slightly wounded so that they may
return to the lines, or dressing wounds
of the men who must be transported
to the field hospital. All day long
they work surrounded by shot and
SHE'LL While the army of a civilized
nation would not fire on Hospital
Corps man 1t is a well-known fact that
many of them were killed. perhaps
Internationally, during the Japanese
Russian War and In the Balkan trou-
bles as well.
Men who are in action must not
leave the lines to attend to the,
wounded unless they are fighting an
uncivilized nation and the battle is
going against them. The Hospital
Corps alone is expected to handle the
wounded. They are also charged with
the duty of looking after matters OF
sanitation as well.
A busy set of soldiers are these
brave boys who are enlisted IL. this
branch of the 3
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1914-06-21

The dressing station is usually located
at some protected point behind hill
half mile or more in the rear of
the firing line. At this point the
wounded receive food and stimulants,
such as broth, coffee. chocolate, etc.,
a kitchen being attached to the dress
ing station where some sort of food
is always in readiness for injured SOL
diers. At this point the bandages are
readjusted and broken bones re-
splinted in order that the patients may
be transported to the field hospital
located from one to three miles dis
tant at some sheltered point. Each
field hospital accommodates one hum
dred and eight patients but can be
made to hold two hundred and six
teen in great emergency. There are
four of these field hospitals for each
division-one behind each brigade and
one in reserve which can be set up on
the field after the battle-the hospitals
going to the wounded in place of the
wounded coming to them thus saving
the pain. of transportation. All sorts
of operations can be performed here,
Abdominal Operations Avoided In
Field.
1t Is not the policy of the Medical
Department of the United States Army.
however, to do abdominal operations
at a field hospital unless it is highly
important. Contrary to the experience
Of some of the European armies the
experience of our surgeons has been
that patients with abdominal wounds
do better under expectant treatment
than when operated upon IN field hos
pitfalls where the wounds cannot be
altogether protected from dust which
may blow in.
After the wounded man has reached
the field hospital he is sent back by
the line of communication over which
the supplies reach the army at the
front. The transportation column is
commanded by a Major of the Medical
Department with five assistants. No
special vehicles are authorized for use
by this column. but the commanding
officer is supposed to get such trans
portation as he may need by impress
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1914-06-21
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this part of the army. They have
nothing of the excitement of the fight
ing for there is a sort of delightful
excitement in sending bullet into
the enemy's line when he is trying
to pump steel into yours. The Hos
pital Corps men advance with the line,
ever on the alert to drag wounded
man to safety.
Every soldier and officer in the army
now carries a little first aid package
and IL not too badly wounded he may
use this himself and be saved at least
from infection until the Hospital Corps
men can reach him. The first aid
package consists of an antiseptic alb
sorbent gauze bandage wrapped in
oiled paper and Theoretically sealed.
Two safety pins are also enclosed. 1t
can be opened by simply pulling the
ring attached to the box. The whole
thing weighs but three and one-half
ounces. and is carried in a pocket in
the uniform made especially for this
purpose Each of the Hospital Corps
men are equipped with the regulation
Hospital Corps pouch. This contains
knife which has a corkscrew at
tached, wire splints, tourniquet for
limbs, absorbent cotton. bandages and
aromatic spirits of ammonia. A bolo
knife for cutting splints is also worn.
the sergeant carries in addition to these
articles chloroform. hypodermic syringe
and case of surgical Instruments.
Each Wounded Man Tagged.
set of tags is also a part Of the
equipment and on these are written
instructions as to the condition of the
patient. AT the top there is a red
strip on which are the words: mot
able to endure transportation" at the
bottom is blue strip with the words:
Transportation Required" and on
the end is printed: able to Walk, >
Four blank lines in the centre are left
for the diagnosis Of the case and the
name of the surgeon who attends the
wounded man. This tag is fastened
to some part of the patients clothing.
In this way those who attend to his
removal may know at glance just
what Is required. For instance, q
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1914-06-21

4 LA tAho etS0s dtfd new types u lSltci
- shutters and plates with rapid
emulsion have made 1t possible to
photograph anything at any time and
anywhere. Photography really plays
very important part in illustrating
interesting current events, for 1t is
used in SO many ways instructive as
[ we'll as entertaining. In the early days
IL was merely the taking of a poor
quality of portraits. Then when the
Civil War came on and battlefield
Ephotograp hs were made the pictures
were regarded as wonders, and won
! ders they were when one thinks of
the labor required to make them, for
the photographer had to sensitise both
his plates and paper. Then, too, he
required sunlight for printing and a
few rainy days played havoc with his
plans. Compare this with the photog-
rapher Of today who does not of
necessity carry even a tripod. All he
does with his plates is to load them
in the holders and they are ready.
His paper is already prepared and
even the chemicals which he uses to
develop 1t are put up in tubes to
which merely water is added. He no
longer needs sunshine for his print
ing-in fact. he prefers gas or cleo
tricity. Half an hour will suffice in
getting a print ready If it is case
of rush copy. The editor will no
longer accept bad weather as an ex-
cuse for failure to get the scene of
some important event because there is
a camera lens and plate made which
are equal to photographing anything
excep5 events on a foggy day. Even
Z on these days some very good effects
have been obtained
When aeroplanes came into fashion
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1914-06-21

. IA ALL the men in the United
NJ Ia States Army who go to war the
" III truly heroic are the Hospital
w Corps-the men who are always
in the midst of battle yet are non
combatants. They mingle with the
fighters and are in just as much danger
as the men on the sl1irmish line, for
they face the enemy without returning
the fire. Theirs is the mission of
mercy. to succor the dying and bind
up the wounds Of the men who fall be-
fore the pitiless rain of shot and shell.
Tney rarely carry firearms of any sort
unless they are among savage races
or when it is necessary to protect their
wounded. Under these circumstances
only are they issued arms.
Enlist For This Purpose.
The men of the Hospital Corps en-
list in this special branch of the serv-
ice and go through a regular course
Of training-in fact, they go to school
for they recite certain lessons and are
given marks. These studies consist of
first aid to the injured, cooking for
the sick, sanitation, physiology, anat-
omy, hygiene, the diagnosis of dis
eases and injuries and treatment both
medical and surgical and the scientific
handling and transportation of the
injured. They must be also competent
drivers. After they have become pro-
ficient in these things they are ready
for the front and in case of war are
sure to see active service, for the
Medical Department and the Hospital
Corps are always with the line. Each
regiment or each part of regiment
-cting Independently has its own Hos
pital Corps, and on these men devolve
the tagk of caring for the wounded of
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1914-06-21
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The Heroic Work Of the
Army Hospital Corps
How They Are Always
Under Fire During Bat
tie, Yet Never Return a
Shot m Perfect System
Of Handling Wounded
Soldiers.

Al ALL the men in the United
~ Ia States Army who go to war the
" III truly heroic are the Hospital
w Corps-the men who are always
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1914-06-21
7OtS0 A1W, GSww2HwT,

- HE science Of photography has
kept pace with the progress of
the age, and new types of lens,
- shutters and r,lates with a rand
The Richmond climax. (Richmond, Ky.) 1897-1914, 1914-09-09
The Present High Price Elk.

President Wilson has every juStifica-
ton in demanding rigid national in
quiry into the recent increases in the
prices of foodStuffs. The utter absurd
ity of the excuse that the European war
makes this increase inevitable should be
apparent to the most superficial student
of the situation.
In the year ended Junt 80. 1913, this
country exported animals. breadstuffs,
fish, meat and dairy products TO the
value of 1881 ,573, 919. In this same pc
Rod it imported animals, breadstuffs,
fish, meat and dairy products to the
value of S5l, $50, 532 Here is a clear
surplus of exports over imports of $780,
600, 900. This year, owing to our bum
per crops, the export surplus under nor
NAL conditions probably would greatly
exceed this figure. But just now, ow-
ing to an almost complete lack of ton
mage, the shipment of surplus is held up,
1t is piling up in our warehouses and the
grain elevators and abbatoirs. There
should be more food per person in this
country today than at the same time in
any previous year of the nations his
tory.
And yet we are being told that the wal
is constructing our food supply. There
was never better opportunity or a wor-
thier cause, it would seem, for thor
ough test of our trust busting" machin-
ery.-N. Y. Tribune.