davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
St. Paul tidende. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1902-1928, 1914-10-16
simen e. tommen.

ST. Ginar &ilien
Mea1 maa reipettere Sen s a + e,
Der ligger bagom Deres SaoienoeIie
j forrige Summer al bette 8lab: at
Dunmarf ber babe Senoeripllano
tilbnge.
3 m III foar bet, bliper en- bel
a1taen Sag. Men hi faar BET i bpert
5alo lite as SEN @ei, De nrbner.
rIimen er %fonr1nen!" Sen for
banoeoe tpife Militorisme er fnef-
fetr 100000 fette 2~anoioloater
neo / ssnoeripllm,o!"
@r. &ilien! Sc 6rgmmer!
Den tpife Militarisme ipmes mig
ioag, SEN 13be 9ftober, lpillepenoe
enbnl1, / Scamp meb fire Stor- % tire
Smaamagter. Og Danmnrf bar lite
100000, Iangt min0re 100000 Col
batter at ienoe neo for at %gienerobre
5lesbig, bort -elite6e omitriote 9an6
- set, Der / @mobe6 iaa boarot er
blepen tpnget al Maget, at erboer
Danif peo Ga1fen berom fnptter
Saan6en / Qommet, og &inben blus<
fer al &abnlpit.
81 bar Sem life! Men + a 5 e
ri 6em, 90 Tom be cerneb, bpao loa?
ST.. &ilien! Set er nernt NOT at
iio6e / Gbippetua Sails, ISIS, paa
en- imuf Septemberoag / set Serrens
Mar 1914, me0ens Sc tpite @ere
floor paa fienotligs@ runo moo Ntog
@elt, % fortRlle ps DANTE, at r9i-
men er fommen!" @ar Der life /
Danmorfs sergeaar cit flor norff
lDigter, Der ifreb: r0g ou min frelite
norife 8ror, font itaar paa freolpit
@rumo -? &ar set life / 1864, at
uMorge life bil0e bielpe"?
&por ma1tge Mpn6 oil g o r g e
ienbe os II u, % yGimen er font
men" til at faa SbnoeriDllano tilba>
&c, at Ri fan ltille ben Seer poa
m / n 5 t en- balp Million Mano
poo 8enene, Iom paa Sager11es MI.
berenoe Stanopl1nft meb ringelte
@oob ON beloigt n6falb bil6e u0fre=
pes for at beiatte og boI6eS pn-
oeriDllano moo oe fpite Mrmeforps,
Ser aiebliffelig piloe blipe taitet imoo
oS?
rTDiflano bar ingen Gropper at
unbpare MOB Donmarf". Seq berer
allere6e set boperenoe gpar.
Ma, @ub biglpe % aIle iDtten! 81
piloe life 5foa begbnM at rgre i
&ieoflppen til fgrite Miooagsration
It'll be fgrite 10000 Mor6 al
rs Is ia e t
(eller ST.. &ilien bar maa.
lie ifte bdrt ON set tpife Otter.
retningsipitemD, fer Epiferne bil6e
bore ODER % ION Seb1t ober Seoer=
tie. Sber % = og bore Sorbu1bs.
Teller moo Mor6. Set biI6e / Comb
beb hipe en- fien Suppe6as! @oa
funoe hi boloe binanben / @oan6en /
30 Nar og vitaa enige o. tro in6tiI
Dobre folder" BET ptl6e altfum-
men life bi9lpe % get aller bitterlte.
me11, ST. &iiien, @eres Eonfe er
alltgebel itor, Sen er 1giten genial,
og ieg bar ct Dorilag at giere Sem:
Sill 8 goa meo fom Tribillig
poo beire Tlei fgrite Celeb, ffaI
/ e g lie at faa Srlop fra Mrbei6e og
&ligter, 5umilie og &iem % title
mig neo Ceres SIDE. Goa, UNDER
bajen6e 6aner og flingenbe Gpil.
brager hi / Sptofen for @nren moo
gpb - eio, bbor lpitig en- 6er6l
@bor broger ri ben?
81 gaar reb for at tage Sgnoer.
iDllan6 tilbage.
Men hi maa 1T n.be os
n e IIer u1br 1 g.!
81 e er to nj M e II!
&bortiI?
SiI me6 Sc anore t99,998 at bli.
be maiet neo at 9pfternes @aroat-
tier.
0g Iaoe Spiflan6 lngge Da,marf
Doe, iom @elgten 1pgges pbe 1ntl
Ceres 9rbboige
6. GO or6enIetb
49, Lal
St. Paul tidende. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1902-1928, 1914-10-16

6srite e%ereoreng: rMen Sans,
bporfor bar cu la6et Big flippe belt
lfaloet?"
St. Paul tidende. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1902-1928, 1914-10-16
STATEMENT OF THE OWN
ERSHIP,

OF THE OWN
ERSEIIP, MANAGEMENT,
CIRCULATION, ETC,
of "St. Paul Tidende' published weekly
at Minneapolis. MIN, required by the
Act of August gath, 1912.
Editor J.. p. Paulsen, Business Mgr.
N. g. Rasmussen, Minneapolis, Mimi.
Publishers C.. Rasmussen Publish
ing Company, Minneapolis, Mime
sofa.
Owners and names and addresses
Of Stockholders holding ! per cent or
more Of total amount Of Stock: c..
Rasmussen. Minneapolis, Mimi, n.
S. Rasmussen, Minneapolis, Mimi,
G. "A. Smith, Minneapolis, MINI, B.
Hanson, Grayling, Mich, A. G. Lobe1
Keyport, N. J., E. v, Eskeson, New
York, N. T., N. Poulsen Estate.
Brooklyn, N. 7.
Known Bondholders. Mortgages
and other security holders, holding /
per cent or more Of the total amount
of bonds. mortgages, or other securi-
ties: Scandinavian American Bank,
Minneapolis, MINI.
M. S. RASMU SSEN.
Sworn to and subscribed before me
this 18th day of Octobe- 1914
C. .BOMBACK,
Notary Public.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-03-08
ce,yirh. yAmsriea PrewA seiausa
Crowd watching w. w. church raiders being brought court

the army" went into Protestant
churches with them, ate with them
slept alongside OF them and found them.
selves powerless to make arrests.
You can't arrest a man for walking
quietly along the street" said ono of
the leaders, "or for staying all night in
a church when permission Is given. or
for accepting food when II is offered"
II the authorities of one Of the Prot
estant churches which harbored the
gang had refused It admittance. and had
. called on the Volice for assistance Tan
nenbaufn and his followers would have
been landed in Jail earlier in the cam
paign. But the Protestant churches
were taken by surprise. and II was left
for the authorities Of 81. Alphonsus's
Roman Catholic Church TO make a firm
instant and unyielding stand for law
and order Then the police acted.
Akron. Ohio. could not find a law to
Danish Haywood and his followers. so
citizens committee Of 1000 was
formed and In short order did what the
police were not authorized to do. In
one city and another across the coun-
try police have found themselves pow
erless to combat the cunning Of the
w. w. leaders. who knew Just how to
work "a community into frenzy of rage
and yet not lay themselves open TO ar
rest.
Citizens Of Lawrence. Mass, prevent
al !. w. w. fathers from shipping their
children to New York. here TO be exhib-
| tied Us starving examples Of capital
tstic oppression" For permitting this
stand TO be taken the authorities OF
Lawrence since have been criticised, as
have the authorities Of other towns
where extra legal steps were taken to
cope with an unparalleled situation.
The /. W. ". has been quick to take
advantage and point to such necessary
measures as examples of Capital tic
anarchy"
The difYicu!ty OF dealing with the /
W. w. thus far seems to rest mainly on
two bases. the leaders have shown, a
rule. extraordinary care not to make
themselves liable to arrest while SOWING
seeds OF dissenMon among Thousands OF
laborers. and IN many localities existing
laws do not cover this propa ga nda until
overt acts occur.
a good many level headed men refuse
to accept the !. W. W. seriously. II Ia
or very recent growth. they eay. and
never can get permanent foothold in the
United States. Labor unions will have
no relations with II. Socialists refuse
1t recognition. All 1t can feed on, such
men say. IL a mass of deluded labor
Ignorant of law or Of the power and
spirit of American institutions. The
men who thus minimize the Importance
OF the ]. w. w. point to the fear in.
spired generation ago by Herr Johann
Most OF the Red Flag. For a long time
Herr Most and his symbol OF anarchy
caused great deal OF d!squiet--bu,
&, Most is no more and the Government,
stiil lives.
On the other hand this I. W. W. band
OF conspirators has made disturba nces
TO an extent which Herr Most never APP
preached. Just two years ago this
month the city Of San Diego was having
an experience with It which will long
be remembered.
\ On March 20 word was telegraphed
to Washington that nifty Of the l. w. w
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-03-08

cling. The word sabotage thereupon
suddenly appeared IN newspapers every
where and as quickly as possible was
adopted as a weapon by the I. w. w.
in this country.
How far this plan has been carried out
here nobody can tell. except perhaps
q few groups OF silent. desperate men
who have put it into operation
in one place or another. In recent
years "A number Of wrecks. with loss Of
life, have occurred on one railroad
or another. The causes OF some OF these
disasters have been determined. In
other instances. 30 far as the public II
informed. the causes were not found
In misplaced signals or carelessness on
the part OF railroad employees. Here
or there a rail would snap asunder.
here or there the brakes would refuse
to work and the next moment would
come a crash. II In not pleasant to
reflect that I. W. w. sabotage may have
been responsible for some calamities Of
the kind.
The third cardinal principle ascribed
to the invisible leadership governing
I. W. w. activities Ia that termed
| anti patriotism" Some leaders Of the
organization are fond OF declaring that
this means the worldwide brother
hood OF man."
49,,
."eS uee' Nv "as ~
..u sepA' NO w. ~ W. al
~ y" 10Y VS.
~N ~.S 80 -. .,.nd
go .,o 80 nro,,.-,v
until We dispossess them"
The 'onca! Iesu" o. ce'Sins ou' .
heory wouio DC 'ns. ~ oA'. % ~. ~,
c foreign power meos VI e"'
w. wou'o NOT hes,As !" .e
&c the enemy OF tne county NJ
pened 10 De hV'hs IN. p,o''oe" ."". ~.
30 ao'hs they NV, e.oe
their own interests. l" 'n's "sS $500
age ana An.I-ps'rot,sh ~ '" "s,h,.
Hno ne'e esa oo. ~ "a .,,,s"r.
nahs.i OK saoo,re p'.u =.
ce'ecuon " '" LII 49,. ~,
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-03-08

, FOR wrongs real or IMAGINED, no matter
what may happen in consequence to
persons absolutely unconnected with the
question at ISSUE
For instance, II the hands 70 on strike
in a certain factory and win the con-
test. all may proceed quietly for while.
But II they lose the strike then sabo-
tage IL invoked. The defeated l. W. w.
members 40 back to their machines. GER
tainly. but with the distinct understand
ing that they are not to work as efii-
GENTLY as before.
They are to be studiously careless In
running the machines. IL they can
loosen Few bolts or sneakingly snap
spring. or do anything else To harm the
mechanism II Is their business to DO II.
IL they can be wasteful OF raw material.
II they can turn out hnished products
WIN haws. that also If their duty as
ioyai members OF the l. W. w" under
the meaning OF sanotase. ohe OF the
most ~luey recoenizeu students OF tnis
l3rder' Johh W. ftch' declared IN inc
S"oer ne"ry year ago .ns' when .ne
CITY OF ratersoh' y. d. was IN 'eIror
because OF great s'rike ensiheereu .!
''e !. w. W.. one u ITO 'es"e,e 'i"ue
snu ao",ess !" VIZ" nv "e.unny saw
oe.n'.o 'lSe ue.'""s "S ~ spo.Ae 10"
.hihey gu. ruiii"s soouS "i'"ou' se'
''rS en"sn. d. ."e "p,
WI" ny Nv "
w. VIZ ..,. '".'
u."v ~ as. W p !.
oTee w. nv, 80 n'"uo.o a.. -. a.
f.. = p,,. 80. .,..,. !.
luna" oss 800 -
W -. 49, ~.
eNw 49, -. =.
.' ~ $3.50. -
ssus- ,.a.....S,A "',,. =, ...
s". .. $50 49,, ,as,o.i,,.
~. 80 ..s.rs,s 80. - NJ w
'"0 S "
An 49, a. 80 y.
NC 1sS IN. . -. az.
~, ~ .s,s - ~
o,.N NJ. %
80 ~ 80 . =. s,~s..,.
"soNeu '"s' ns". Nv. I'M .s., =,
W ppo " -. IN -.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-03-08

Alphonsus's Church they met defeat at
the hands OF the poAce. Now what is
the programme, the idea, the definite
plan proposed by this smooth faced
slender STRIPPING? Why. merely to take
possession Of New York-that IL all:
merely to force owners OF factories
stores. mercantile establishments, hotels
and other enterprises to quit. to give
up their property. turn It over to the
I. w. w. and leave that organization
In undisputed possession.
At first thought such a programme
seems farcical. but to the l. W. W. II
"a one Of the three practical measures
the orga nixation has been promoting fol
years. Individual members Of the !. w
W.. individual leaders even. have theiI
own Interpretation Of minor require
ments. but those who have studied the
organization closely say that Its MAR
plans are understood to involve. l.. dis
possessing the owners Of property; II.
sabotage: ILL.,. anti-patriotism.
During the recent disturbances Tan
nenbaum and his followers grumblet
over the sandwiches. fruit and hot coffee
served to them without charge In
churches by women who were sympa'
thetic and generouA The army" die
not show the slightest gratitude for THU
kindly ministration. On the contrary
the leaders declared that II was within
their rights to demand and insist or
having roast turkey to eat and cham
ragne to drink.
To many who read Of them such dec
larations seemed 10 have been made az
clumsy Joke, a. examples Of slephan.
tine humor. As q matter Of fact. how.
ever. they were made In al seriousness
as well AZ further demands for sepa-
rate sleeping rooms. brass bedsteads and
private batha 1t 70 an . part Of the
w. W. plan 10 dispossess the owner.
OF property.
I'VE believe absolutely" says the /
W. W., that the laborers are the right
ful owners Of the mills they work in
and must get possession Of them by
striking and striking again. Whenever
We win q victory for higher wages and
easier working conditions We will SIM
ply use that gain as q sort Of base OF
supplies in getting ready for the next
conflict. Our plan Is to keep on calling
strike after strike until we succeed in
driving our employer out Of business
On the day Of his downfall We will take
possession OF the mill or factory. which
rightfully belongs to US. who work
in L."
Rather q modest plan. that. but II II
one OF the cornerstones Of this organi-
zation. which has spread from one end
Of the country to the other In . few
years.
Tho second great principle" which
the I. w. w. breaches and tries &c
bring about Ii sabotage. Now Jus,
what constitutes sabotage cannot b.
described definitely. for II may mean
many different things TO many differen,
men and women. But tho underlying
idea II q hatred that insists on revenge
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-03-08


gang. under arrest Tor melting RIOTS
admitted that they we're trying to over
throw the United states Government.
Additional dispatches told how authori-
ties OF San Diego had seized l'soo POUNDS
Of dynamite which had been cached In
a building at Santa Ana. stored there.
1t was alleged. by Industrial workers OF
the World. On Aprtr@. 1912, nearly
100 Of them. all admitting that they
were anarchists. were surrounded by
n largo body OF San Diego citizens fuiiy
armed and were compelled to kneel
on the ground at the settlement OF
San Onofre and kiss tho american
flag. Later they were marched TO the
county line, ordered to get out OF sight
m quickly a. possible and warned
mover to return to Ban Diego. The next
day. April s. q fght occurred at Gar
field. N. j.. near Passaic. between deputy
sheriffs and /. W. W. strikers In
woollen mill. Stones were thrown.
pistols were hred ana several men were
placed under arrest.
On April 7. two days later. kilograms
from San Francisco told that the I. w.
w. was nobilixing forces In that city.
a. we'll ~ In Sacramento and Stockton.
with the purpose OF marching upon
San Diego and forcing that city to take
care OF them. Within q week des-
patches from Scranton. Pa. told OF rail-
road dynamiting In the anthracite re-
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-03-08

~ AY after day for nearly a week
Frank Tannenbaum, self-styled
- leader Of the Industrial Work
ers OF the World. sought to
bring turmoil to the city by means Of
his army" Of church raiders. Then on
Wednesday his campaign against law
and order was cut short by the police,
who locked him and his army" up.
IA fortnight ago Tannenbaum was
merely one Of many thousands Of very
young men drifting aimlessly about in
tho currents Of the metropolis. unknown
10 any but a small circle OF acquaint-
snces. Until very recently he was
merely q lad approaching his twenty
firot birthday; slender. somewhat SLOUGH;
ing IN attitude. with beardless face and
eyse that gave no indication Of the reck-
leeeness behind them until he COM
menced to harangue a group Of hearers.
Then they would light up with all the
Intensity Of either q fanatic or an ex-
tremely able propagandist Of some spe-
ciai order.
Which 10 hs-misguided fanatic. dupe
Of other and far cleverer men or himself
Q peUcocious propaganda Of an anarch-
istic organization? That Ii the question
now being asked by q good many per-
sons, including the police. The answer
10 Jet to Be given.
VINO IL this young Tannenbaum?
where did ne come from? Who are his
parents. what his boyhood environment?
II he normal or abnormal mentally and
physically? What started him on the
programme begun q few nights ago
when he and his "army Of the unen-
ployed" began to raid churches?
those are other questions the police
are trying to answer. Some Of the
ablest men in the detective division were
detailed by Inspector Faurot early ON
wednesday to look up Tannenbaum's
record. and they encountered not little
difficulty In the search.
One story IL that he was horn on
March 4, 1873, on a farm up In Sullivan
county. where members Of his family
sim live; that he attended school for
a while. but being Of a visionary. i'm
practical temperament. drifted away
IRON home and was drawn into the
seething eddies Of the lower East Side.
Another story Is that he Is an Austrian
ny parentage, a boyhood product of the
New York streets and a cheap restau-
rant waiter by occupation.
II really does not matter so much
what the truth IL regarding Tannen-
baum's antecedents. He Is supposed by
soms to be not really a leader ut all.
nut . convenient catspaw for tho In
vislble leadership which IL tho inspir-
ne and directing force Of the I. w. W.
activities. The important thing about
rannenbaum Is that he represents an
de- and that he has the courage. the
con0ummate audacity. the utter reck.
leaness-ca1 II what you will--to put
that idea into operation.
TAus Tar he and some 100 Of his fol-
lowers have been but partly successful.
Tor whom they attempted TO raid st.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-03-08
TANNENBAUN1 NEWEST LEADER
IN l. w W. WAR ON LAW AND ORDER

Last Weeks Church
Raids Only One Mani.
festation of Country.
wide Activities Of the
Industrial Workers Of
the World. Whose Pro
gramme Calls for the
Seizure Of Property
Sabotage and Anti.Pa
triotism
The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1914-12-10
LOCAL POULTRYMEN
AT PORTLAND SHOW

E. F. Batten and James W. Parker
are in Portland this week exhibiting
their fancy fowls at the Portland poul-
try show. Mr.. Batten, who has taken
prizes at the Rose City show for sever.
al years, has q pen of Is Rhode Island
Reds, among them some handsome
eockerels. Mr.. Bstten. who has held
the cup for two seasons, hopes to win
permanently a handsome silver trophy
offered by the Portland Business Mems
club. Mr.. Batten, whose home is on
the East Side, is one of Hood Rivers
most enthusiastic and successful poul-
try fanciers. He has not only won blue
ribbons at Portland, but has always re-
turned with first awards and the high
est praise for his chickens from the
state fair at Salem.
al will not be able TO exhibit at the
Portland .show this year." says Sher-
man ]. Frank, of Avalon Way, who on
former years has returned home with
first awards on his handsome fowls.
Mr.. Batten took the following prizes
on his Rhode Island Reds at this
years show: Cockerels, first and Sec
ond: pullets, fourth: pen. second, and a
number of special prizes. This infor-
nation was telephoned to james w.
Parker by MIR. Batten. who is in Port
land. The telephone message also con-
tanned the information that Mr.. Parker
had won the following prizes on his Co
lumbia Wyandottes: cocks, second
cockerels, first and second; and some
special prizes.
The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1914-12-10
ASSN SHIPS IA CARS
APPLES BY PANAMA

When the S. S. 0hioan, of the Amer
lean. Hawaiian Steamship Co., heads
down the Columbia Friday on voyage
from Portland to New York, she will
carry the first shipment of Hood River
apples to be made by way of the Pana-
ma canal. Crews of men at the three
warehouses of the Apple Growers AS
sociation began yesterday the loading
Of ID cars of Ben Davis, Arkansas
Blacks, 0rtleys, Newtowns and Russets,
which will be hastened to the Portland
wharf, where they will be loaded on
the Ohioan. All of the apples are for
export trade.
"0ur freight charge, with refrigera-
tion, on the Panama shipment will be
but 35 cents per b0x," says H. M.
Huxley, of the Association. The
charge to Portland will be five cents
per box. The regular transcontinental
freight charge is so cents per box with
out refrigeration, which is not needed
at this time of the year. thus saving
the growers 10 cents per box on freight
charges.
Manager Stone states that he is of
the opinion that heavy shipments of
fruit will be made by the canal in the
near future.
The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1914-12-10
COLORADO SHIPPERS
STUDY MARKETING

"The Colorado fruit industry is
sick, says Russell II. Forbes, secre-
tary of the Colorado Fruit Growers
Auxiliary committee, the investigation
committee of which was here yesterday
visiting local Apple Growers Associa-
tion officials, inspecting the wareho uses
and looking over the valley orchards.
"lt is sick just as your industry was
sick two years ago, and from the same
cause, lack of cooperation. We have a
strong association at Grand Junction
and strong organizations at Delta and
other points, but the associations
themselves are working in chaotic con-
dItions, competing with each other.
"We hope to accomplish much on
this trip, and we are working hard.
The Fruit Growers Auxiliary commit
tee is composed of about rs of the most
influential business men of the state of
Colorado. 1t is our hope to bring
about some organization similar to that
now in effect in the North Pacific Fruit
Distributors. We have certainly been
impressed by the cooperation we have
found here in the northwest.
The personnel of the investigating
committee was as follows: Lou d.
Sweet, of Denver; DR.. A. E. Miller, of
Delta; Howard G. Fletcher, manager
of the Grand Junction Fruit Growers
Association, and Russell h. Forbes. of
Denver. They were accompanied by
Chas. W. Moomaw, brother of S. B.
Moomaw, the European representative
of the North Pacific Fruit Distributors,
who is an expert in the Office of mar
kets in the United States Department
of Agriculture.
The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1914-12-10
PASSES
TOBACCO ORDINANCE

At the Monday night meeting of the
city council, Ordinance No. 5l9, prohlb-
iting the sale or disposal OF tobacco In
any manner or form to minors not over
the age Of Is years. was passed by the
unanimous consent Of the body. The
new ordnance, passed to supplement- the
state laws dealing with the subject,
imposes a penalty by hne of fIom 81 to
$40 or Imprisonment not TO exceed two
days on the youth found guilty OF
breaking the new ruling by purchase or
use Of 'the weed.
Tobacco merchants selling tobacco
TO youths contrary to the new law are
subject to a fine of s. to $50 and I'M
prisonment not TO exceed 10 days.
Instead Of receiving bids on the pro-
posed repair of the steel bridge across
Hood river and having the work done
at once, il was decided Ito postpone the
Improvement until spring. The bridge,
it has been found. can be temporarily
repaired. At the present time 1t would
be difficult TO make thorough Job OF
redeeking the structure, on account OF
the cold weather making il almost i'm
possible to work with the tar placed
between the floor boards.
Mayor Reed, who left yesterday for
Minneapolis to visit his parents, Mr.
and Mrs. l.. A. Reed, and to join bis
wife, who recently left for the middle
west, was granted leave of absence
of 60 days. James Stranahan, presi-
dent of the council, will be presiding
officer during his absence.
BY vote of the council, Crandsll &
Roberts, Portland expert accountants,
were authorized to audit the city's
books for the year.