davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The farmer and mechanic., 1914-09-29
FEW OF THE USEFUL FARM
GRASSES OF OUR COUNTRY.

The Importance Of the Grass Crop,
Both From Financial Standpoint
and From It's Relation to Other
Agriculture, Would Suggest. That 1t
BE Given Much More Careful At
tcntiOn Than 1t Ordinarily Re-
CciyeS-
BY c. G. WILLIAMS
The perennial grasses of this cOun-
,ry constitute a very large per cent
az our hay crop. While it is true that
they have but small place in in
tensiye agriculture, the fact remains
that there are extensive areas which.
for various reasons, not the leafs of
which is the lack of farm labOrerS,
are likely, for some time to come. to
be farmed in grass These grasses
are exceedingly useful in holding the
soil This is a. service of value every
where. but for some locations it means
the salvation of the soil. Most of
these grasses made good sods, which
in turn makes humuS, and humus
gives life to the soil.
Timothy is a native of Europe. hav-
ing been brought to America by the
early coionists. 1t takes it's lame
from one Timothy Hanson who intro
,uced it from Europe in 1920. Its
success under cultivation in various
being carried back to England some
thirty or forty years later, the new
name going with it. The old name
for This grass was meadow CatStail.
IL IL doubtful whether it had been
cultivated in England previous to this
importation from the American col
onies Timothy is also known as
Herds grass in New England from
the fact Of it's having been introduced
H. ,v1x n
BY John Herd.
Timothy is distinctly grass for hay
rather than pasture. 1t may be useC
in pasture mixtures for early or tenn
porary pasturage, but it will soon give
place to the better Sod-formine
grasses, as it does not take readil!
to close grazing and tramping. AS ;
meadow grass, however, it stands a
the head. The popularity Of timoth.
is easily accounted for. 1t lies il
It's good yield; in its palatability; il
the ease and cheapness with which
is harvested; in the great demand a
good prices for the hay; in the mod
crate expense Of seeding an acre I
timothy. in the good termination Q
seed and the relative certainty Of sc
curing stand, and in it's lOngevit
when properly cared for
Kentucky blue grass. very com
monty called June grass, and IN Eng
land, smooth-stalked meadow grass
ts native to both Europe and Mort
America 1t is a hardy and persister
perennial we'll distributed over mos
of the United States. holding the pos
ton rs a pasture grass which tinloth
holds as grass for hay. 1t makes tn
best OF sods and tends to crowd otht
grasses out when land is left ar
considerable time in grass. partic,
larly If it be pastured. Blue grass
not well adapted to rotation farInin
The farmer and mechanic., 1914-09-29

ly what could be used to help ma he
poor land rich. Since TINS knowledge
was obtained the world has been
searched for minerals that supply
these elements, soils have been an
alyzed 10 find out how much Of a h
they contain: and il is nCW possible
to take almost aIy soil and make II
fertile.
OF the seven soil elements men
toned. only four have been found 10
be especial =, important in practical
farming. THAT is. they are the only
ones which are apt 10 he deficient in
ne soil. and which generally make the
difference between a itch and poor
oil, 50 far plant food Is concerned.
! These four elements are nitrogen.
| phosphorus. calcium. and potassium.
| The last three ere sometimes called
! minerals and are generally re-
| ferred to under the names Of pho
| phoric acid" lime" and potash
As rule The most marked differ
The farmer and mechanic., 1914-09-29

fairly we'll on a great variety Of soils.
Orchard grass is a native of Europe.
It's American name is due to its sue
cessful and persistent growth in par
TALLY shaded places. Orchard grass
is about equally valuable for hay or
pasture. 1t calls for a drier soil than
redtOp. and does best on rich, Well
The farmer and mechanic., 1914-09-29

species - he FeStuCa family. This
grows fou. TO eight inches taller thaa
the meadow fescue and Is somewhat
more vigorous, The hay of tall iescuc
IS OF very good quality.
Bronze grass is q native oil Europe.
having been grown upon the cold. dry
steppeS OF Russia for centuries. A.
compared with other grasses II il 4
recent Introduction in this country. 1t
Is proving q great acquisition In the
northwest and parts Of the vest
Bronze grass is in greater reputc A. 4,
pasture than As a hay grass. 1t has
very deep and abundant root system
which fOrtihes il against drought
| Downy bronze grass has been nat
| uraliZed from Europe, 1t = hards
and spreads rapidly whore Il tro-
| duced.
| Perennial rye grass is a native Of
| Europe. 1t Is great fayorite IN
| England ana is perhaps the most i'm
pOrtant grass OF Europe. 1t : Nalu-
ed highly as "a pasture grass and is
used to quite an extent for hay also.
| though it is pre-eminently pasture
| grass. 1t has not gained 4 very prom
inent position in the United states.
The farmer and mechanic., 1914-09-29

groups. because the original source %
the soil nitrogen is in the air Also
certain kinds Of plants. the legumes.
are able to utilize atmospheric nitro
gen, though this is done indirectly,
through the nodule-forming bacteria
found in their roots.
To the farmer The discovery cf the
elements that plants must have meant
much, for As long as they We're ur-
known there was no ~vaN % tell exact
The farmer and mechanic., 1914-09-29

Those that come who'll from all
and water are carbon. n, drogeH and
oxygen 1n> later -raun mats Un
the bulk "f the OK, Substance q
plants. or 50 to o. r;trrs our of 100
The element nitrogen can ~ given an
i,re4,-rra cfiiate place het""cn The two
The farmer and mechanic., 1914-09-29

Continued on Page Twc.)
The farmer and mechanic., 1914-09-29

The Importance OF the Grass Crop,
Both From Financial Standpoint
and From It's Relation to Other
Agriculture, Would Suggest That 1t
he Given Much More Careful At
tcntiOn Than 1t Ordinarily Re-
CciyeS-
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1914-01-10

TO a GOOD FRIEND AND WORTH CONTEMPORARY.
The Minnesota Union Advocate. official organ of the
Minnesota State Federation Of Labor, last week cee
brated its seventeenth birthday. Tho Labor World.
voicng the sentiments Of man Of labor il the state
extends fraterna greetings to Its esteemed
Its editor his success In weatheng
the many gales Of labor for seventeen
ana wishes for him. his brilliant associate and the Union
Advocate the fullest measure Of success and all the
other good things that attend It during the to
come. which. we earnestly hope, will be many. ss|
The Union Advocate Is Of the abest opponents
Of trade unionis in the United States There only
few labor papers which equal it. and that IL It's
superior It 10 always bright; newsy, clean and con-
sstent It has contributed to the growth and de-
velopment Of the labor Of this state than Ill
other agencies combined. From financial end It has
been equally successful due largely to it's consistent
policy and the hard work. persistent application and
marvellous patience Of Its big-hearted editor.
During most of the seventeen years Of its existence
the Minnesota Union Advocate has been owned edit
ed by Cornelius Quincy, veteran member Of the st.
Paul Typographical union He thoroughly understands
the philosophy of the trade union movement Of the
old school Of trade union thinkers, is u.s. loyal
It's undy1ng principles mortal be-. The suc-
cess which has come to him in publishing the Union A-
vocate Is richly deserved May it never grow weary
him, Is our earnest wish. y h :.@e
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1914-01-10
MOTHER JONES DEPoRTED TOO

They have deported Mother Jones too not from.
Michigan but from Colorado not by the lackeys and
vassas of opuent and greedy mine owners but by the
SWISS Guards OF modern Bourbons fully clothed and
armed with the livery OF the state .>/E5 .~G Il q
@Golly they must be scary lot out there in Colo
RADIO to find it necessary to deport gray haired woman
e1ghfour years Of from that 1estered
with more professional dad than any other por-
ton of the west 90. -5...@%@ =" \
Mother Jones makes it her duty in strikes among
the miners to bring and relief the families
the strikers, and of she how to fight
she is veteran of hundred battles; she does not
mlnce her words when attacking the enemy they fall
like scorpion stings militia officials prostitute
the state to the rich mine owners and it Is this
fact that her the hest and the worst hated
woman In America =, -'~+. 49,. -"
Mother Jones has never been arrested during all
her strenuous life on charge of violating the law of
the land But she has been detained as military
prisoner In more bull pens, and has been the victim
OF more deporations than any other person the labor
movement Once when there was no bull pen handy
the officials induced mining company doctor to de-
clare she had been exposed to small box and she was
held in quarantine for several weeks in the hope the
strikers would return to work during her absence But
they didn't. ;; .'E ~ -. ~
During the big Colorado strike General Bell deported
her into Kansas, and left the border near way
station, penniess She boarded the first west-bounu
train related her story the conductor and was
r1ed to Denver. She went forthwith to the office Of
Governor Peabody shook her withered hand IN his thin
and boodless face, and defed him again order her
deportation. And he after molested Her ''>
If the soldiers Of Colorado think they have con-
quered that ndomitable spirit this they have
other guess coming. She will be back in the mining
camps and she will fight harder than ever II the
American labor movement had hundred men with the
courage and pluck of Mother Jones' deportatons and
j other Russanized methods would be unheard OF In
American industrial disputes. h
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1914-01-10
AN INSULT TO OUR CONSTITUTION.

.
It is recorded in the history of Greece that one dy
nroposed (which was the most perfect popular gov
ernment?' :
.rbat" said Bias where the law has no superior"
."rhat' said Thales, where the inhabitants are
neither too rich nor too poor
"That" said Anachsrss the scythan. 'where Vat-
tue is honored and vice detested"
"rhat" said Pittacus, where dignities are Always
conferred upon the virtuous and never upon tne
"That," said Cleobulus. where the c1t1zens 4o"A
blame more than punishment 80
"That,' said Chilo. where the laws are moro ~
garded than the orators" ., - -.
But was the opinion Scion, the wisest and Just
est man of all Athens that seemed to have the most
weight He said the most perfect popular govern
ment was one where injury done to the 1neanes!
subject is an upon the whole constitution
This remarkable opinion was gwen IN Tue Sear
A. M. $780, almost twenty-five hundred years ago. anu
over in the state of Michigan last week, state claim
ing to be part "the most perfect popular govern
ment of ali the ages" humble but reso1ute leader
of the workers union, accused OF violating no law
was forciby brutay and illegally elected from the
state single voice of protest has been raised
against such unawfulness from public official IN state
or nation or from scarcely Influential
in the land.
We boast of our Modernism and Progressive
tendencies of this twentieth century, alas and after
ALL our laws like spider webs; the weak and small
flies are caught entangled but the great and pow
erfu always have strength enough to break through
return the old fashioned conception of popular
government would be about the healthies thing that
could country during this trying period OF
history Oh the revival of the spirit of Scion
Of Athens! = 49,
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1914-01-10
BLACK. SHEEP
I. M RICHARD BURTON. 4

+ = : - ! !: -: =:
From their tolded mates they wander
Their, ways seem harsh and wild; !,
They follow the beck Of a baleful star,
Their paths are: dream beguiled. =
Yet haply. they sought but z wider.
some II Bitter Holint tain slope. , 81.
Beyond fhssx IS u 8: hope s.. -. 81
And haply 'beN., with a Turing call y
: Summoned their feet to tread =. -
Midst the cruel sfecks, where the deep
And the iurRing snare are spread.
Maybe. In spit Of their tameless days
rs g ssfs s'sf ssfsS tor the home,y
whefs their :s.thered brothers be:
And OF It night, when the plains tall
And the hil1s loom large and dim,
For the Shepherds voice they mutely
And thei;r souls so out to him. +.
Meanwhile, Black sheep! Black sheep
safe ii the inner fold. FIJI -. -.
And maybe they hear. and wonder why.
And marvel, out in the cold. ~ +
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1914-01-10

:. tulness. Brotherhood, love ana kind
ness? E Il ~ -: s5 t;s ,,2.$$--E
The trade unionist. 81 :. .ssz
Who forced the eight-hour workday
which permits bread swimmer to have
7. g. few waking hours to devote to rec
reation and communication with his
wife and, babies? bss
,. The trade unions s:'s.
Who takes the child from the mill
and nlane and puts him Into school
to receive the training that VIII make
him useful and patriotic citizen
a The: trade unions. .;;..ts d 81
WHO bears the burden Of erpsnss Ia
secure and tnaintxin thsse better con-
ditions, which are enjoyed by all
workers alike? RE-. rs. .s .sl '!ss
Tho trade unions. ,g &
In evefy good work that tends to.
ward the suplift Of humanity. the care
and protection Of the weak ana the
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1914-01-10
= = -.- n :! go $500 7 = : n :
Advising Work1nen s s
TO Save Their Money

Z. E. . e. 4 +.
The usually well meant but not all
ways practical advice to wage-earn--
ers to be thrifty and save Is well
commented on by G. g. Hunt, Of Chi
cago, as follows:s ~#. I'd
Never before heard Of the Society
Tor Thrift. Next we will have a so-4
ciety for Digestion, and one for Safety
Razors. When men get what they
earn no one will care enough about
what they do with their earnings to
start society. But men. get less
than they earn. 80 must be told
what to do with their mite. a
II have. always known better than
any one else, what to do with my
small wages. Thrift means buying
the most necessary things before go
Ing to the nickel show. The first
item is ground rent; SO the landlord
can go to Paris. Il Next comes taxes
direct, or in the form ct tariff-in--
flated prices Tor necessities. The
latter are more Unnecessary than
are many luxuries. What would the
state do without taxes? The state
owns, by existing law. an hmm eI1se
estate, the income Of which would
be more than taxes. u .. ls sl y .s5fI
The famous square mile in Chi !.
cage, formerly belonging to the
school fund. now brings $4,000, 900
yearly more than the entire city.
needs. The ritht to collect the IN !
come on that square mile was sold for
a song mot even q chorus. But the
title Of all lands 50 disp osed OF. still
remains In the state; IT may begin to
collect it's rightftii income at any
time. ana abolish taxation, then
thrift will be entirely y personal
matter \. Y ssss Il 4. a.
Mr.. Hunts remarks should he borne
In mind when ever some upho older of
Iexieting wrong Yoltinte the i i'm
formal Ion that &c orolny "a the road
20 wealth. suoh q one uld be In
|yited tn expla VII Y relief from the
1 forms IT &. conn laory sss extra agance
mentioned BY mt ~ not Is de-
sirable as cessat on rom habits 81
pituitary ext IVA ancs. &
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1914-01-10
UNION MEETINGS IN SCHOOL HOUSES.

In Chicago trade union meetings are being held in
the public schools. only halls available for labor
meetings be saloons: of them were
held in the back rooms of saloons. This went on
years until civic idea swept the city
and the schools opened for neighborhood meet
ings SUCH they heretofore had been only
to children for six hours day and five days week.
Finally conceived the idea that the schools
might be for old kind Of meetings, and 1t was
urged that they thrown to laborers In which
to hold their union meetings. The school board
acquiesced, and trade union meetings are being
held in the public schools.
Naturally anti-abor union associations of employers
protested against this dissertation of school build
ings. ut right" they held, ITO permit the use
of public institutions the property Of all the people, for
any particular group particularly for organizations
labor where revolutionary doctrines frequently
taught. The school board disposed of this objec-
ton by offering the courtesy builders exchanges
and employers association, and the question
settled -
And why would not the Chicago plan do for Du
luth? We do not know how the local trade unions
the dea but it is we'll worth considering
Our board Of education might be somewhat reluctant
at the the Of the school buildings for
union meetings. but it's members be depended
upon around in due time. They interested
in popuarzng schools; they will need labor votes
labor support to vote bonds increase and
do other things to improve and build schools This
sort of thing will bring the great labor population in d
rect touch with school system. ~. - -.
.
stitution to have in schools It the creator Of
American public school system; its activities In
curing the passage of child labor and compulsory educa
tion legislation keeping the schools filled with chill
who otherwise would be forced into factories and
It's efforts to improve social and economic conditions
enabling parents send their children to school, The
trade unions by all should be given the free
~ of the schools. 80 ~ = *. ! r. ~ ! -"
Those who regret the limitations OF the trade
movement may find consolation in the reflection
that after ALL the only movement that has not fallen
short Of the highest hopes is that which has
been put to the test Of practice ~ =E%
49,
The trade union has justified the faith Of
those who founded it and devoted their lives to build
ing it It has been the great power that has placed
humanity all elseit has forced humanity upon
industry into legislation into social concepts and ideals
The trade union movement has ever made protes
against injustice, waste Of human energy and
life has been the force Tor the uplift 81
the workers and all those that weary and heav1
I laden--it has permeated their lives and made then
v freer, better. happier more worth living. 5gs
Trade unonists recognize that II counseling thos,
IN need Of and better food clothing and It'll,
necessities % life are dealing with the raw atuf
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1914-01-10

The trade union movement mas become tl,e
e the lives q the of the American people
e its ma III applieafions u
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1914-01-10
THE COPPER MINERS FOOL FRIENDS.

At the Armory meeting last Sunday which was
called in all sincerity by the Finnish Socialists Of D
luth to protest against the autrages practiced by the
copper kings and the Citizens Alliance upon President
Meyer and striking miners Mr.. Lewis. the organizer
for the Socialist party utterance sentiments
and expressions that do to inure the Of the
mine workers than the bitter opposition Of all
owners combined 49, - s5>. $3.50 sr."s<
Mr. Lewis devoted the greater portion of his speech
by arousng the passions and appealing preudces
Of his hearers. He blasphemsd Cod rdiculed Christ
condemned all churches and abused all priests and
preachers without discrimination. He declared that
any man who would bow down and worship anything
but man, woman or child" unfit live in this age
He INDUCED throughout in the most disgusting
ever heard from the official representative political
party, all of which was wholly uncaed for at such
protest meeting. ..@ II G.-- :: .J ts.ss#
The striking miners Of Michigan are to- be pitied
not alone because of the opposition and the persec-
ton Of the copper kings their allies but on
of the rantng folly of their fool friends which there
are many. 'Comrade" Lewis, the organizer Of the
Socialist party thinks he knows something about the
labor movement but he does He is ignorant sc
its high ideas and others his class
His Armory speech did the Of the miners infinite
harm There is place in the labor movement for his
blatant kind n u s5#5 s.>Zs-7 Il
Sensible and rational speeches were made by other
Socialists at the meeting Mr. Hendrickson, the Fin
n1sh speaker gave short but impressive speech In
English Messrs Towne and Kaplan were equally good
but. as we have said. Lewis impossible And 1t IL
shame Tor the man possesses elements OF strength
He has sweet and charming manner that compels one
to pity him for his wild ndiscretions OF speech
We would not pay any attention to what AComrade'
said were 1t not for the many people
charge It up to the labor as represented 81
the trade unions. and the speaker II not trade
but organizer FOR the Socialist Party We dis.
own al responsibility Tor him u bis rantings
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1914-01-10

The trade union, movement has ever made protest
against injustice. waste Of human energy and
fe It has been the greatest force Tor the uplift 81
the workers and all those that weary and heavy
laden-it has permeated their lives and made them
freer, better happier. more worth living. 8=sS
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1914-01-10

The trade union has justified the faith Of
those who founded it and devoted their lives to build.
it up. It has been the great that has placed
humanity above all ese-t has forced humanity upon
industry into legislation into social and ideals
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1914-01-10

The city needs more money The commissioners
propose higher tax dogs 50 they may have more
resenue With which to do the city's business rhay
ought t. quit kicking dawg', aroun,; II hurts
ry the land II has feelings and besides Il can't
run away Try it; the VIII IS amazed
when they find how much II escaping It's lust share
lot the cost OF governm ent. rs sssH
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1914-01-10

Those regret the limitations OF the trade union
movement may find consolation In. the reflection
that after ALL the only movement that has not fallen
short Of the highest hopes is that which has not
been put to the test Of practice: F" +
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1914-07-20

OF how far they would go, in short.
the career of these Big Guns" Prof.
Hardy was readily familiar with the
work he was explaining and also gave
his own personal views on many OF
the subjects.
Todsy's Program.
The engagement of the Chautauqua
Will be brought 10 a close today with
an all star program. DIR. Nellis, who
has pleased many in the past per.
formances Of the C~hautauqua. while
in this city. will deliver a lecture on
Making a Living or a Life?" during
the morning.
The afternoon performance win he
featured with concert music by the
world famous Edwin r.. Weeks com
pany. This is without doubt one of
h best companies on the Redpath
circuit n those who attend the aft
ernOon performance Today will hear
music OF 4 quality unsurpassed.
During the afternoon ]. $. Knox.
The Lecturer With n Punch will de
liver a lecture OF Community Build
Ing Mr.. Knox is rhe head of the
Knox school Of Salesmanship and
business Efficiency and is the author
OF numerous works on these subjects.
lie IL one OF a very few men recog-
lied as authority in the commercial
ueid n a monster crowd of CONNER.
cial men is expected to hear him
To-Day.
In the evening a children's hour
viii be conducted by Miss Williams.
who az this time needs no introduc.
ion 10 the people Of Wheeling. The
Edwin X. Weeks company will bring
the evening performance and the
Chautauqua engagement to a close
with "A grand concern.
The six performances past have
been most successful in every respect.
which is To saw fhaf tho rfnwu4., NC.
have been satisfactory TO the crowd
and that the tarongs attending have
been OF such proportions as 10 salts.
~ tho management or the Chautau.
qua. The closing day will no doubt
eclipse all others in the size OF the
audiences as those who have not be.
fore attended will take ADVANTAGE IF
the last opportunity, and those who
have attended will be present TO
come again"