Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-08-17
U.S.. DOESN'T FEAR
JAPAN ULT|MATUM


CONTINUED from First PageJ
cording to authoritative sources in
| Washington. However, 1t also is de-
! signed to bring to an end German
rule in a territory which, Japan con-
tends, threatens China's integrity and
peace In the Far East The German
stronghold lies directly opposite Ko-
rea, where. Japan is developing colo
MES. and across the sea from the
southern Japanese islands.
The first move in the immediate
situation was made at the outbreak
of war in Europe when China ex-
pressed the hope that she might de-
pend on the policy of the United
States as an influence against viola
ton of her neutrality Then the Ber-
lin government sounded American
sentiment over the proposition of
neutralizing German provinces in
China. Through the United States
the German attitude, informally, was
conveyed to Japan. That govern
ment's response was the intimation
that whatever steps Japan might feel
compelled to take to discharge it's
share in the Anglo-J Japanese alliance
the United States could rest assured
of the intention to maintain China's
integrity. Germany's naturalization
proposal apparently was not favored
in Toxic.
Took Charge of Kiau-chau 18 Years Ago.
Since the German feet sailed into
Kiau-chau harbor sixteen years ago
and claimed the territory as indemni-
ty for alleged attacks on German mis-
sionaries, Japan's avowed intention
has been to restore it to her Oriental
neighbor. The Anglo-Japanese ALI
ance was said to have brought about
Japan's decisive step in that direc-
ton. Recent exchanges between off,
cials of the Japanese and British gov
ernments were said to have resulted
In Great Britain's taking the attitude
that her Special interests in the
Far East, as mentioned In the treaty,
were menacea by the operations of
| German warships in Oriental waters
and by the general situation involved
in Germany's military strength in
Kiau- chau
Japan was said to have lost no
time in accepting the British view
point.
Germany's acquisition of Kiau-
chau. the evacuation of which Japan
has demanded. following closely upon
the acquisition of areas of interest
| and spheres Of influence in China to
foreign powers. Until 1895 no for
eign power. aside from the Portu-
| guese and English, had been allowed
| to hold possession on or near the
coast of China. Japan acquired
Formosa by treaty in that year; Rus
STA secured concession for the Man
churian railway, and France obtained
a rectifcation of the frontier of
! Tongking.
! Germanys seizure of Kiau-chau, in
| raf Hot he af
man missionaries by Chinese, follow
| ed in November. 1897, and in March
the port, with adjacent territory, was
leased by China to Germany for nine
ty-nine years. The district was de-
clared a protectorate of the German
Empire on April 81, 1898, and its ad-
Immigration was entrusted to the
navy department, with naval Of
ficer as governor.
Russia Got Lease OF Port Arthur.
| In November, 1897, Russia obtained
a twenty-five-year lease of Port
Arthur and Talienwan, with 800
square miles of territory and secured
| a naval base and an ice-free port.
In the following May further con-
cessions gave Russia virtual control
of Manchuria, and little later Rus
sian influence was extended into
Mongolia. The Russia-Japanese war.
however, limited Russia's activities
there and resulted in Japan's acqui-
sition of Port Arthur.
In order to preserve the balance OF
/ power, Great Britain, on April 2,
| 1898, leased Wei-hai-wei on the same
terms as those in the Russian lease
of Port Arthur.
| In February, 1898, Great Britain had
established its influence, without
claiming exclusive privileges in the
| Yangtsze Valley. These concessions
were followed by similar privileges
for France. which on April 10, 1898,
| leased the port of Kwangchauwan,
on the southern coast, for ninety nine
years. On June 9 following Great
Britain leased for ninety mine years
200 square mile extension of terri
| tory on the mainland opposite Hoang
Kong, and about the same time Japan
| secured non-alienation pledges con-
| corning the province of Fukian Italy
demanded a lease of Sanmun Bay, but
| did not press it because of popular
opposition as expressed at home to
police of expansion.
Led to "Open Door Declaration"
] All these territorial negotiations led
up to the celebrated "open door, dec
laration. While England had long
urged the policy of equal opportuni-
| ties for all nations in Chinese trade,
the United States accomplished the
| first broad recognition Of that prin-
| ciple. AS a result of negotiations by
John Hay, the American secretary of
( state, Great Britain, Germany,
France, Italy, Russia and Japan early
in 1900 acquiesced in guaranteeing the
treaty rights of the United States,
and thus, through the most favored
nation clause, the treaty rights of
J other nations in China should remain
| unimpaired in the territory except
military or naval stations, acquired
| or leased by each power, and that
| goods of the treaty powers should
! continue to be admitted there on
equal terms with those of the nation
newly in possession
Great Britain and Germany supple
/ mented this in October 16, 1900, by
! definite agreement between them to
uphold the policy of an open door
! in China, to abstain from seizure OF
| territory themselves and to influence
other governments jas far as possible
| to the same end. The Anglo-Japa-
nese alliance of February, 1902, for the
protection of their respective inter-
ests in China and Korea, was an
other factor of great Importance. The
| immediate object of the alliance was
generally understood to be to limit
Russian expansion in Korea and
Manchuria.
BY the Associated Press.
Tara raaa-1