davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1914-03-26
MOUNTAIN AGRICULTURE
by Frank s. Montgomery Instructor Animal
Husbandry, and Special Investigator

limb over three inches in diameter II
possible, as IL takes considerable
time for such a cut to heal over pro-
perly. Where large limb has been
removed the cut surface should be
coated with heavy paint TO protect
II from loss Of moisture and to aid
in keeping fungous diseases in con-
troll. White lead and oil are very
good for this purpose.
II should be the aim Of the primer
10 head the old trees back. Trim
them down instead of up. In cutting
back large limbs-especially the ones
that go up from the center-always
cut them back 10 just above good
strong branch growing outward, and
the cut should he sloping so il will
not hold water and rot. Where
there is considerable wood growth
II is not best to take out all of the
wood at once because there will be
a very heavy growth Of water
sprouts the following summer. Try
to avoid such danger.
A very convenient tool for pruning
is saw similar TO the ordinary
meat saw. The blade is attached to
a swivel So that il may be turned at
any angle. thus allowing the opera
tor TO make the more difficult cuts
in the crotches. A long and a short
handled pair Of shears are handy.
Avoid the use Of the axe. II often
takes nature ten years to repair the
damage done in ten minutes with
this crude instrument.
The best time for pruning is in
late winter just before the sap starts
To flow. However, any time during
the months Of February or March
will do. II the trees are pruned Sc
yerely in the early winter months
there is some danger from winter
killing later on. Try TO get the work
done and do not wait until the ex-
act time arrived"
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1914-03-26

Statistics show that ninety seven out
of every hundred persons attending
the schools of Kentucky are, for one
reason or another, unable to complete
higher course than that of the rural
school or its-equivalent; therefore, 1t
is necessary that during the years
spent in school he be trained In the
fundamentals OF all useful knowledge,
that he be prepared for life, that he
be given the proper aspect toward the
things which as a citizen he will be
called upon to do. For the ninety
seven who must leave school this
period of training can not be deferred
Training for Home-Making.
All available data goes to prove that
the majority OF the women OF the state
will sooner or later be the directing
agents In their own homes. The only
institution which does and can offer
systematic, definite training for the
problems Of the home, based on
science, is the school.
Why should women be trained for
home-making? Because the health
records show that a large percentage
of deaths among babies is preventable,
II the mothers are taught that dirty
and sour milk is dangerous; because
evidences from many sources bear un.
mistakable proof that mental and
moral deficiencies are closely related
to proper feeding and physical we'll
being; because many of our most prev
alent diseases have their inducing
causes in the kind and quantity of food
on the family table. Women must de-
termine and select the food of the fam
lily, care for its health and develop the
social and moral powers Of those com.
posing their family group, 1t. therefore,
is necessary, In order that she perform
all the duties which come to her eff
ciently and intelligently, that she be
trained concisely to solve the problem
of maintaining a home with a min
imum of labor and a maximum OF ~
suits.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1914-03-26

might happen TO any vessel under sim
liar circumstances" said Captain Ell.
"A bolt struck the deck amidshlps aud
bore a hole right down through the
bottom of the schooner big as mans
leg. The water come rushing In. and
OF course the Emma s. would have
foundered IL second bolt hadn't come
and struok my to'galla mast, cut II
OF near the top. turned II end for end
and drov. II right into the hole, plug
ging It ~ and making II water tight
"'Twas clear ease of what folks
call the rhvages and repairs Of nature"
said CAPTAIN ELI as he removed his
gaze FIR, m the crack and let II rest
thought ully on the ingenious face Of
the only landSman In the company
Youths Companion.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1914-03-26
A ClsF- Case

II was a murky day. and the old sea
captains were talking Of a schooner
which had been struck by lightning n
few days before aud adding their con
tributions to nautical fiction. thlnly
disguised as fact. How about the
Emma y. Captain Eli?" asked the
privileged listener at last wasn't
she struck oncef"
''She was sir" aud Captain Ell fixed
his gaze on crack In the ceiling OF
the old wharf office. 'She was of the
eape-homeard bound, she was"
I'D like to hear the particulars"
said the young man. and all the cap
tains moved In their seats and fixed
their eyes on the crack which held the
gaze of Captain Ell.
"'Tisn't much 10 tell. only what
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1914-03-26
PRUNING FRUIT TREES


Have you pruncd out your orchard
YETI The late spring is no doubt
helpful to fruit by holding back
growth until danger from frost is
past. II also enables farmers TO do
pruning much later and there should
not be an orchard in Eastern Ken
lucky passed by without pruning
this spring.
In The Citizen Of February 10 and
% had concise instructions for
pruning all kinds Of fruit trees and
grape vines. Turn back to those pa
pers, cut out those instructions and
preserve them; and for further in
spiration read the following sent out
by the Kentucky Experiment Sta
ton:
"One of the greatest problems con-
fronting the Kentucky fruit growers
today is pruning. Everywhere
throughout the State are to be found
orchards that have been neglected
for years. The trees are often too
crowded. which forces the topmost
branches 10 reach up for sunlight,
thus producing tall, uneven tree
with dense heavy top. The lower
branches are either dead or covered
with numerous cankers because the
air and sunlight cannot get in To aid
in keeping the limbs in healthy
condition. Dead wood is abundant.
especially in the center Of the tree.
An orchard similar to the above
cannot be q profitable one. Fruit
borne on trees Of this kind will be
small and inferior and will be pro-
duced only at the sides and the tops
of the trees. All Of the bearing wood
will be on the outside of the tree and
none on the inside. II is safe To say
that only one-quarter Of the tree is
producing fruit. The other three
quarters are simply allowing the
bearing part to pay for the keeping
Of the tree.
an pruning an old tree that has
been neglected for some time, the
first thing TO do is TO remove all Of
the dead branches. Next look for
diseased branches and get rid of
them. II the diseased limb be a val
liable one. the affected part may be
cut out and the wound treated with
a good disinfectant. Bichloride Of
mercury may be used in disinfecting
such areas.
Trim out branches that have a
tendency Ia rub each other or that
grow back into the center of the tree
across another limb. Cankers are
often found where branches rub and
the removal Of such limbs will aid in
keeping cankers under control. Par
allel branches are also Objectionable
because they have a tendency To lock
together, thus excluding the air and
sunlight from the under branch. Us
ually one good branch is better than
two growing close together and in
pruning one should attempt to cut
away the weaker branch.
"Watersprouts are very objection
able in tree because they consume
large quantities Of plant food. They
should always be removed unless il
is desirable to leave one to I'LL in an
opcn area on the tree. Waterspr0uts
very seldom produce fruit until they
are six or eight years old. To in
duce fruitfulness they should be cut
back every year. II il becomes nee
essary to cut back any of the main
limbs. always use saw. Great care
should be taken TO make the cut par
allel to the main limb and avoid
leaving a stub. Avoid removing any
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1914-03-26
INTERNATIONAL
SUNDNSOlOOL
LESSON

ny r. o. SELLERS, Director Of Evenins
Department, The Moody Bible Institute,
ChicagoD
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1914-03-26

II may not be generally known. but
ground rye forms very good substi-
tute for corn. Pigs do not seem to
relish II as much nor is II considered
quite as good. pound for pound. but
for general fattening purposes 1t can
take the place Of corn to good ad-
vantage. II used In the following ra-
ton II makes an excellent feed; Eight
parts Of corn. three parts OF ground
rye and one part OF tankage.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1914-03-26
Wouan's Way.

Woman Friend-Jack. your wife Is
unhappy. She says you are less at
tentlve than you used to be.
Youngwedd But I'm engrossed In
business. am just getting foot
hold.
w. F.-yes, and she believes that
you think more ~ your business than
you do Of her
Y Isn't that Just the way! The
moment Fortune begins 10 dirt with
n man his wife gets Jealous. Rost0n
Transcript
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1914-03-26
INVENTORY TIME"
Professor r. o. Clark

Next Wedne sday is April ist, the
best time Of the year for the farm
or 10 take his inventory.
The reason for the inventory is
that we may know what we have
made or lost in our farm operations,
and where this profit or loss oc-
ours. Farming is now business,
and the wise business man will in
crease his energies along the line of
profits and decrease them along the
line Of losses.
The important thing about this
inventory is to have il really repre-
sent the present actual values.
One method used in large bust
ness concerns is to carry everything
at its cost but the farmer should not
do this. For example: calf that
was worth SO year ago, ought to
bc worth $50 today and the feed
that the animal has eaten during
the year is represented by the $50
increase in value of the calf. Again
work horse ought to do fifteen
ears work and this means that IL
it worth so less each year it is
kept. A disk harrow for which you
paid s2i ought 10 last at least six
years and this means that it will
he worth 81 less each year.
The following is an average in
Ventory:
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1914-03-26
Handicapped.

"Dachshunds are hard 10 raise"
"Why soi"
II figure II this way. II one gets
sick he's liable 10 die before you can
get the medicine from his mouth 10 his
stomach. "-I.oulsville Courier-Journal
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1914-03-26
shelter for Colt.

Let the colt have shelter from
storm, but let him have access to pas
ture also.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1914-03-26
SCHOOL ROOM MUST SUPPLY HOME
ECONOMICS FOR CHILD OF TODAY
When Heahone Ceased to be Center of Industry Young
People ost Opportunity Acquire Broad View and Train
ing Which Formerly Entered Into Their Education

MARY E. Economics, College Of
Agriculture, Kentucky State University
The Greenville journal. [volume] (Greenville, Ohio) 1850-1918, 1914-12-24
Teak In Great Demand.

The fact that teakwood is coarse
grained, greasy to the touch. and pos
sesses an offensive odor kept it in dis
repute with English shipbuilders until
1897, when British shipbuilding and
railway interests began to recognize
the value of Indian teak. During the
next seven years all the shipbuilding
countries in the world joined in an
ever-increasing demand for this tim
ber until its prices were forced up to
a figure much beyond their normal
rates. 1t has practically become a
staple of the local wood industry for
the greater part of the entire Indian
continent. Teak is being freely plant
ed by the Indian forestry service in
the important civil stations all over
India, even as far north as Saharan-
pur, Dehra Dun and Lahore.
The Greenville journal. [volume] (Greenville, Ohio) 1850-1918, 1914-12-24

icaI operation CT a plant and the EN-
cheney of the organization. Shultz
would have been pleased to take
breathing spell, but competitors,
aroused by his growth. were aggres-
sive. He had to go on or he would
lose the trade he had been spending
good money to gain. And to go on
he had to do some elaborate financing
that entailed the borrowing Of sum
that would have seemed staggering
to him a few years before.
Women Able to Retire.
With the expanding of the factory
Mother Shultz and hts wife no longer
worked at the kettles or acted as su'
perintendents. Occasionally they
came in and looked about at the hun
dreds Of men and women who had re-
placed them. Possibly the new house
Shultz built for them was not all their
hearts desired, for they loved to lin
ger about the great vats and caldrons
that had taken the place Of the small
vessels they had employed. They
could not help being impressed by the
great change. but somehow they never
were quite satisfied with the new or
der of things.
One day the creditors of the old firm
of Hoffman, Gerhardt & Shultz got
checks in their mail, together with q
note from the junior partner. He re-
called the promise he had made years
before. He was paying, he explained
not ony his one-third with interest, but
the other two-thirds with interest, fo1
neither Hoffman nor Gerhardt had
prospered or seemed likely to be able
to pay.
1t is thirty-odd years since the firm
of Hoffman, Gerhardt & Shultz failed
and Shultz was so shocked that the
papers paid little attention to the hap
pening. It would be a different matter
today If Shultz failed, for Shultz'
name is known the world over. His
business has spread until his factory
buildings cover many acres of ground
and his employees are numbered by
the thousands. He has farms In the
East, the South, the West, the NORTH
and the middle West to furnish sup
plies for his great kettles. He has
big glass works In which he makes his
own bottles. The volume of freight
The Greenville journal. [volume] (Greenville, Ohio) 1850-1918, 1914-12-24
Persistent aeosar.

]. Stanley Todd. the New York por-
trait painter. was talking about the
beggars Of different lands. Il have
met" said Mr. Todd, "beggars of ev-
cry description--shy beggars, buster
ing ones, old beggars, robust ones--but
the most remarkable beggar of the
lot was man whom never met, yet
whom | never assuredly will forget.
All saw of this beggar was his hat
and chair. The chair stood on cor
ner of the Rue st. Lazare in Paris.
The hat lay on the chair, with few
coppers in it, and behind the nat was
q placard reading: Please don't for
get the beggar, who is now taking his
luncheon
The Greenville journal. [volume] (Greenville, Ohio) 1850-1918, 1914-12-24

them went out of their way to push
his product.
When the year closed Shultz had to
do some hard scratching to meet his
bills with the baker, the butcher. the
landlord, the drygoods man and the
others who had trusted him, but ne
was able to pay every cent. The wom-
en- were hard-pushed to make up all
the stuff for which he had orders, so
as soon as he could with safety he en-
gagged two girls to help them. He had
been compelled to pay cash for all
his supplies and make trips into the
country to buy his fruits and vegeta-
bles. AS his orders became larger the
farmers took confidence and were sat-
isfied with monthly payments. Before
the second year closed his business
outgrew his home. He had to rent
little building and hire more hands.
His wife and mother supervised the
factory. They were scrupulously neat,
and so intensely jealous of the good
name the preserves had won that they
had no hesitation In throwing away
anything that was not perfect. They
inspected every jar before 1t was sent
out, and watched over the kettles with
a care that was remarkable.
Extended His Territory.
Some one suggested to Shultz that
there was a market outside the city
for his goods. He had been thinking
so himself. A bright young man sent
out speculatively got number Of or
ders. His territory was extended. and
then another travelling man was put
on the road. Their success proved
embarrassing. Shultz had to enlarge
his little factory and employ more
hands. That part was simple, but it
was not so easy to obtain supplies.
The farmers Shultz had been patroniz-
ing could furnish so much and no
more Making purchases in distant
cities was not always satisfactory.
Sometimes the fruits or vegetables
were not in condition, and the addi-
tional freight charges cut into the
profits. To protect himself Shultz first
rented farm or two and devoted All
the land to the supplies he needed.
Later he bought these farms and 9TH
ers.
Success had its own perils and hand
leaps. Shultz came near being ruined
through the rapidity with which his
business increased. once II really be-
gan to expand in earnest. Hardly
would he complete one addition to his
factory when anothe- would be need
ed. It costs money to build and II
takes years to get It back. The inter
ruptions and the changes consequent
upon intermlnahle rebuilding or ex
tending OF factory AFFECT the ecOnom
The Greenville journal. [volume] (Greenville, Ohio) 1850-1918, 1914-12-24
indian Rldsa 1000 Miles.

Washington, Dec. lS,-Riding up to
the White House on his little white
Broncho, Red Fox James, a Crow In
dian, completed his 3,OOO-mile journey
on the rcny from the Crow reservation
in Montana, to enlist the support Of
President Wilson in the movement to
make October IL national holiday
and designate 1t Indian day.
President Wilson received Red Fox
James IN his Office and heard the In
dams request for : national reeogni'
ton OF his race,
The Greenville journal. [volume] (Greenville, Ohio) 1850-1918, 1914-12-24

he furnishes to the railroads each year
is immense. He is a millionaire many
times over. And he is as plain as an
old shoe. For Mother Shultz, whose
$1,000 was the basis of his fortune,
he shows his respect in a way that is
unique. She has been dead some
years, but her sons Office is a memo
rial to her. The windows and the
partitions are of stained glass, and
on them are the homely proverbs the
good old German woman cheered her
son with in the days of darkness and
of struggle.
The Greenville journal. [volume] (Greenville, Ohio) 1850-1918, 1914-12-24
MINES SINK FOUR STEAMERS
Vessels Are Destroyed In the North
Sea-One Is Believed to Be
Passenger Ship.

South Shields, England, Dec. 49,
-Four steamers, one believed to be a
passenger ship, we're sunk by mines
in the North sea. off Flamborough
head Wednesday night.
Only two of the vessels have been
Identified. One was the steamer El-
terwater. Twelve of its crew were
saved, but seven lost their lives. The
other was the Princess Olga. The
crew of is men landed in their own
boats
The Greenville journal. [volume] (Greenville, Ohio) 1850-1918, 1914-12-24
FESTIVAL FOR THE YOUNG
Opportunity Of Christmas of Bringing
Happiness to Children Should Not
Be Passed BY.

Christmas, the celebration of the
birthday of the Divine Child, is pc
culiarly the children's festival. And
while it cannot, too, but be time of
special rejoicing among grown-ups. we
realize after all. that 1t has no other
charm to compare with the pleasure
we take In some kiddy's delight over
the doll or drum or picture book that
our special Santa Claus has brought
him.
This opportunity Of making some
child's Christmas one of surprising
Joy, of which he will carry gracious
and ennobling memory into after life,
years, it may be, after our direct in
fiuence for good or evil will have
ceased forever-this opportunity of
giving pleasure is one Of the best
that life has to offer us. And per-
haps the greatest opportunity is his
who in place Of home times, has the
wide, gray world Of homeless, loveless.
unhappy childhood from which to
choose the most needy recipient Of his
Christmas giving. The chances OF
giving happiness in this way are so
many, the means SO simple. and the
deed itself so worthy. that no one OF
us should let the season pass unim-
proved.
The Greenville journal. [volume] (Greenville, Ohio) 1850-1918, 1914-12-24
upholds Raid on Britain.

New York, Dec 19.-That Hartle.
pool, Scarborough and Whitby, the
three English towns bombarded by
German warships are defended places
and that the Germans therefore were
justified in shelling them. is the sub
stance OF statement given out here
by Captain Franz Won Papen, military
attache of the German embassy,
The Greenville journal. [volume] (Greenville, Ohio) 1850-1918, 1914-12-24
CUSTOM OF GIVING IS OLD
Popular Practice Associated With
Christmas Ancient as Rome's
Seven Hills.

When Caligula, at the Roman ka-
lends preceding the New Year, real
lied that his daughter was going to
be married while, to all intents and
purposes, he was broke, although he
was running the great Roman empire,
he sent out word that, if his country
men we're going to send him gifts that
year, they might as well make their
gifts cash to help him provide her with
a proper dowry. Next day he had to
wade through hills of gold at his pal
ace door.
Our Christmas giving, as a custom
is as old as Rome's seven hills. The
old Romans used to start in with their
Saturnalia, and few days later, at
January l, they dashed jubilantly into
the Kalends. 1t was the season for
feasting and merrymaking, with pro
fuse and universal generosity thrown
in for good measure.
In the homes of the wealthy luxu
rious abundance prevailed; in the
dwellings of the poor there was al
ways some striving for the makingt
of feast. All that was connected
with toll was abandoned; even the
children didn't have to go to school
The very slaves were permitted to for
get their thralldom. From end to enC
of the vast empire people We'd will
one another in giving presents, ant
the very misers were expected thel
to open their Golfers and remembe
! that money was made to be spent. no
I boarded.
So there, in ancient Rome, were al
the popular makings of our owl
Christmas season, right down to tn
school holidays.
The Greenville journal. [volume] (Greenville, Ohio) 1850-1918, 1914-12-24

sales. After he had made a fair dis
tribution through the grocers he went
from house to house. 1t was slow. te-
dious and dlspiriting work. Many a
time he had the door slammed In his
face. Occasionally he had a dog
sicked on him.
Once in a while he made a sale.
Many a night he returned home utter
ly worn out from carrying his samples
mile after mile through the city
streets. Sometimes people bought
from him and promised to pay at the
end Of the week. and when he went
for his money he was put OF with
some excuse or laughed at for his
folly. He made lots Of mistakes and
once or twice lost heart, but his moth
er never did. Shultz and the two wom-
en- discussed affairs every night and
planned the program for the next day.
The women never complained, no mat
ter how many hours they put In over
the pots or how tired and worn they
we're from the days labor. The old
woman was a philosopher. For every
situation she had a homely proverb.
Nine times out of ten it was a cheer
full one.
Sales Began to Grow.
Shultz kept books as carefully as
IL he were doing a large business. Fol-
the first four months there was a
loss. The bad debts he had made
more than overbalanced the small
profit that should have been his. Two
months later there was little to the
credit side Of the ledger. The sales
in the stores began to pick up. fol
some people began to see virtue In
Shultz' preserves. The young mar
went to a printer and had a heart-to
heart talk with him. AS pesult
he got credit for some advertising
matter that was sent into many homes
He watched the store sales carefully
to note the effect. 1t was gratifying
A little later, when he made some gooC
collections, he did a daring thing. HI
spent all his ready money in displa!
advertising in che home papers. II
each advertisement he told where hi
goods were for sale, and he was no
stingy in the amount Of black type h
gave to the retailers. The grocer
were pleased with this, and some o
The Greenville journal. [volume] (Greenville, Ohio) 1850-1918, 1914-12-24
Destination Changed.

Milwaukee, Wis. Dec. 1S.--Official
announcement has been made at the
offices of the Chicago. Milwaukee and
st. Paul railway that the road will
hereafter be designated as the Mil
waukee" instead of the st, Paul"
when the full name is not used.