davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-09-21
hI,nI.f Shudc rrrcs.

y. {. q. c.. Virginia.
My young shade trees, about three 20
four inches in diameter have some dis
ease. Large patches OF the bark are
dead. ia some Instances those dead
sections are about united around the
trees so that they arc actually E'rdlcd
and the supply OF sap cut off. Thus :,
number OF my trees are dead.
The trees nrc oak and elm also sugar.
Norway ara silver naples
i. G. Hunter to whom referred the
above. says
This is tho work OF Il tree borcr. II
YOU cut away the dead bark with a
strong. sharp knife. YOU Will find cast
inrs uf The insect like saw dust, and
-cnycd-out places In the body wood of
tho tree" I,ound the edges of the in
iurcd paris Won will lind here and
there under the bark borcr. IL Is 4
white worm with nat, brown head.
The injury they can do in destroying
Tho SAP channels and thus leaving long
sections Of bark dead. is far greater
than would hc supposed possible by IL
few insects THEY are responsibility fog
many OF tho dead trees around .-i'is
viciuty
Nlr Hunter says tho only way to
combat this insect is TO keep the trees
in healthy condition and growing so
fast. ~ fcrtiiiziug aud cultivation.
,diE.in,, ,rouud) that they can and
VIII outgrow tho work oc the borcr. In
other words make the trees grow fast
or than the borer can damage them
L; you write him he viii tell YOU
mere about this. Also tell and show
Won ho% To care for the injured places
on Your trees.
lie SAYS st takes some tree surgery
10 do this properly He also advises to
look oil, for and beware Of fake tree
doctors.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-09-21
cntcrpiI'cr of the Gypsy Moth.

than neglected ones. Keep the orchard
clean. and destroy. as fas rs prac-
ticable, all sources or infection. Many
diseases, as. for example. pear blight
ana pea ycllows. can he Kept in
check by destroying diseased piauts
or parts OF plants as soon as tho
trouble Is noticed. Wild plants which
can harDOr and propagate plant dis
| eases should be destroyed. Volunteer
apple trees growing near the orchard
are 81 constant source of trouble to
the owner. Thorough and intelligent
spraying Will reduce the injury arising
from most plant diseases to the min
imum.
The same principle applies in large
measure Ia the treatment OF injurious
| insects. study the habits and prevent
! rs TAR as possible, conditions favorable
/ to their propagation or wintcring over
/ from one season TO another. In treat
ing Injurious insects and their dcstruc-
ton 10y sprays, we may divide them
/ mt" iwo classes those which chew
Their food. and those which obtain
their food by sucking the juices from,
Tie plants Nearly all insects OF III"
former c'1ss are easily DESTROYED L.:
, some form 81 stomach poison. while
the latter can bc killed only by a
contact insecticidc
Many people fear danger from pois-
plants. II Is not advisable To spray
plants ana fruits with arscMcal pois-
"ns shortly before using them bur
there is no danger from funcicidcr.
Analyses I'm the chemical laboratory
III The New York EXpcrminct station
have shown that one would have 10
eat, at one time, about 3 1000 pounds
OF sprayed grapes. skins included. in
orucr To Rct q serious dose Of copper.
III regard 10 pastui'inG cattle. IN an
orchard no apprehension uccd hc fcl:
with reference 10 amy spray as or
din0rily applied
THE warfare against plant discas ce
and insects varies SO much with tho
different conditions OF climate. soil
etc. tha, no hard ana fast rule can
be laid down rs the number Of tirlcs
I" spray. nor az 10 the time Of spray
I. Tho spraying should be thorough
lhar enough! to. cover trees or foliage
Well. Ia spraying, il always Paws to
have good outhl. The pump should
be la~sc and powerful enough To give
/ sufficient pressure for the proper
working of the nozzle The cylinder
valves ard plungcrs should bc Of brass
or bronze. ana should he $50 constructed
rs /" he easily taken apart for clean
| me and repairs. Ia preparing most
/ OF the spraying mixtures. glass. stone
ware, or wooden vessels should lie
used because the common metal YES
acis arc corrodcd by great many Of
the chemicals used
{ In view OF the fact THAT Injurious
! insects and plant diseases are con
iinually being introduced into new
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-09-21

qualities which commend this plant
to the attention OF the farmer. Under
these conditions IL il but natural that
men should strive 10 grow alfalfa.
for its successful production would
change not only the physical con,ii-
ton OF the land on many farms. bur
greatly improve the financial condi
ton of the owner nS well. SO many
failures have hcen recorded that
sonc may question the valuable quail
tiles referred to. but IL IS only just TO
say that these have not been cNag
ceratcd In any sense OF the word. nor
can they be exaggerated. for there
Is no plant which can be cultivated
OH the farm possessed OF Il greater
variety Of desirable qualities than al
fal;a. Therefore, il is or the utmost
Importance that those who wish tn
cultivate it should fully appreciate all
its peculiaritics. for when ontc sr-
cured II will repay the owner for the
strivings and heart -burninSs TO which
lie was subjected in his efforts to
secure q good .tand.
During the first year Of it's growtl,
alfalfa Is delicate. II Is nothing like
as vigorous as red clover. and if tho
two we're sown together the chances
are that the alfalfa would he crowded
out by its more prccuciOuS rival IT
Is not advisable under any circuIn-
stances To SOW alfalfa with Erass. for
II Will certainly choke i, out. After
the first year alfalfa is quite hardy
and Will hold its own fairly well
against amy Of it's ,irals. provided a
good stand is obtaiucl In the begin
ming. IL VIII be ditlcUlt Or practicable
Impossible 10 maintain a partial stand
or alfalfa. because where weeds and
grass get a foothold thcN spread randi
ly and eventually choke it on; unless
the field has been established for sew
crai years and such plants as remain
are possessed of unusual vitality. Whore
only partial stand is secured IL is
better 10 pillow the land up. thoroughly
prepare and FcSccd. Much time and cf-
fort have been wasted III attempting TO
Iesccd alfalfa on land which was too
poor Ia grow IL in the beginning. Al
talfa often fails, even though all the
physical conditions,sccm favorable be
cause the bacteria which live In tn.
nodu!es on jts roots are not present in
the soil. This deficiency must be sup
rlied by getting soil from an old al
falfa field or from felda where sweet
cover or burr clover has previously
been grown with success or by means
of artificial culture.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-09-21
ALFALFA AS A PROFIT CROP

y. NJ Soulc. who was once Il Vir-
Ginian and did sonie very fine work n
Flackhu-E. but who is now Georgia n
and doing some fine agricultural
stunts down in that State. has writ
ten most interesting article on the
alfalfa proposition. Mr.. Soule says:
NO forage plant hes ever been in
troduced and successfully cultivated
in the United States possessed OF the
general cNcclleuce OF alfalfa On
lands to which It is adapted. 1t will
yield from three to eight tons Of
cured hay. and II is decidedly superior
ia nu'rilivc qualities TO rc1 clover.
which IS generally regarded AS one
of the best crops that can ne grown
ON the farm. Alfalfa remains per
man"utly in the soil when We'll es-
tahiishcd for periods varying in length
from sin 10 ten years, though there
are instances on record where it las
crown on the same land for fully
uftN wears.
Tine growth "f alfalfa mears the
!na'cIiai lcss"niuE OF the COS, ~ crop
growing. because seeding. is "nl, nee .
esSJry once in several Years. and
thereafter the farmer has only 20 cut
and harvest his crop q" pasture il
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-09-21
FITTING CONCLUSION 4
TO WEEK IN FINANCE
Wall street Greatly Pleased by DccI-
sion to Uropeu railroad

NEW YORK. September 2o.---The de-
cision OF the Interstate Commerce
Commission to reopen the per cent
rate case was accepted in Wall street
as hitting conclusion TO week OF
marked improvement in the financial
situation. Consideration for tho in.
tercSts OF transportation companies was
read. also in the abandonment of the
tax on freight bills.
The most pressing problem presented
by tho European crisis To American
finance continued to be tho foreign OK.
change diSlocation. Other CONSEQUENCES
of tho war calling for attention were
the contracted bank clcarIngs, shrink
age in steel specifications and orders.
passing and reduction OF dividends.
and general spirit Of caution In bus!.
ness and enterprise.
Exchange on London reacted sub
stantiSlly In connection with the pro.
vision made for the payment Of Now
York City's foreign obligations. and
with foreign participation In tho city's
new loan. and new points wore opened
to exchange operations. Approval by
the Federal reserve Board OF the 500
100000 gold fund to relieve the foreign
exchange situation resulted with salts
faction.
Bank returns, in response TO the
coinptroller's call, were scanned intent
~. and satisfaction was expressed with
the amount OF emergency currency
notes still unused
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-09-21

corners OF the body inside put wagon
IN shed and get two Old boxes. just
high enough To raise the wheels above
tho floor Place these under the bed of
tho front and back axles aud remove
the shafts. Trim ono end Of short
piece of wood, SO that you can run tho
wheel on Ii. trimming so as to admit
turning the wheel while YOU paint Nail
the board end of tho board 10 nm up-
right or scantiinE Of tha building about
four feet from tho floor. Get small
box on which TO set your can OF paint
open Your can OF paint, stir gently
with "A smooth paddle or stick or i've
or ten minutes, until YOU are certain
the paint Is thoroughly mixed. II too
thick, use q very little turpcntine, but
be very careful not 10 get il too thin.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-09-21
MnI.c Farm Life Attractive.

Keep in mind this fact. il wc want
10 stop our boys and girls from going
10 town. make farm life more attrac-
tive make the labor op the farm moro
remuncrativc. give to|thc young poo
pie an opportunity of enjoying life
while they are young. There Is moro
wisdom In this advice To make farm
life attractive" than there is In all Of
the reports from all OF the commissions
on farm uplift or in all of the ser
mons. lectures and addresses delivered
at church gatherings and college com
mcnccmcnts to the audience upon the
dangers and temptations Of town and
the supreme attractions OF farm life
Home and Farm
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-09-21
Coroon OF The Gypsy Moth.

localities, II is OF great Importance
that every one should watch closely
any such disease or insect which, may
come under his observation. If there
are H'iT Indications that II IS OF m
INJURIOUS character. he may saw, him
self and others 4 great deal OF trouble
by reporting ri once to the expert
mental station OF his state, giving all
the information he can in regard 10
the insect or fungus, and sending n
specimen IL possible For eXamole
while the gypsy moth ia not Il new
insect. it Is much moro destructive In
some SECTIONS than others. and il Will
be Wei for everybody Interested in
fruit or shade trees TO bc on tho look
out Tor IL ana destroy il ms soon as
found. Its occurrence should he re
ported ~ once to the State expert
mcnt station. This is true OF al! such
injurious whether insects O.
diseases
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-09-21
---->----------------
THE COTTON MARKET

NEW ORLEANS. September 20.-rh.
situation In tho cotton trade yas i'm, :
proved last week p! the almos, general
resumption Of business in tho spot
centres Of the South. Agitation LOOK
ing toward opening tho local future
market however. Was met by oppo-
sit!on on the ground thst liquidation
OF old business Ras not sufficiently
advanced.
The course OF spo; prices was up.
ward. little distressed cotton -ras re-
ported anywhere. farmers Rcnsrally
were firm holders. and tho buy a ia / @
movement served 10 encourage hold =
in.;. even i: il dii not materially bet
tor the situation by' retiring actual CO.; =
ton from the market.
This week, more than ever since the
European war started, the attention
Of tho local market will be directed
10 attempts 10 resume trading on a
normal basis. Further rises In the
value OF spot cotton Will he OF assis, =
arce - those who arc putting forward
plans for rcopcning the future busi-
ness. because II further q high hag!s
for the Liquidation OF the out.taRding
long interest
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-09-21
Linz for AIrnIfu

lime and inoculation arc tho cs-
scntial needs OF most OF the Eastern
States for the development Of alfalfa.
Lime is needed 10 ucutralizc tho sour
moss Of most of the Eastern soils: and
incubation is necessary in order ia
supply the nitrogen gathering bac-
terra which are OF such vital im o
portancc 10 every lcpumc The dis.
covcry o! these two greatest needs has
brought about the dissemination OF
tons upon tons Of printed matter set =
ting forth the cultural requirements
OF alfalfa. and Of extensive campaigns
through farmers Institutes
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-09-21

down "a his Judgment directs When
the HAY Is stored IL the barn he has
/" Ipodsidif that viii replace n large
phii OF the expensive concentrates
"Hlch IL - now necessary to buy OH
stock farms to supplement the ration
or corn ana cereal grains raised on
IN" land. In addition To these virtues.
- ~ mn cnri"hcr uf the soil. because ii
b"'onSS 60 the famous family Of To-
Suhincu" crops which under certain
conditions nay" the remarkable power
"i gathering free atmosphere nitrogen
ana storing ii in the soil or building il
INTO thcir tissues for the nourishment
OF growing animals, dairy COWS and
other classes OF stock which require
large supplies OF protein.
Those arc but few OF the special
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-09-21
DO Your Own Painting.

Fred Orme writes in Southern Farm
ing this treatise on Paint:
II requires very little time and mon
ey TO clean and paint n vehicle AS
know from experience. II these direc-
tons arc followed tn. most incXpcri =
enccd person can clean and paint a ve-
htcle in a creditatlc manner. Remove
the cushion. foot carpc; and side cur
tains Then wash the vehicle. both
body and running gear thoroughly. first
softening all hard. dried mud 10y pour
Ing on a liberal allowance of water
Never use sponge or rag until the Iuud
is softencd. DO not he in too big a
hurry, but soc 10 81 that YOU do a thor
ough job
lot the vehicle dry. then 70 all over
i, with dry rag, removing all sand
and dirt. being especially careful
around the base OF tho spokcs where
they enter in the hub or feiloes Use
coarse brush 20 clean the seat and
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-09-21
The Agricultural J'nir.

y Middle West agricultural journal
puts In Il whole sermon in the follow =
ing:
The agricultural fair has played an
important part in the history Of our
country. 1t has been AN educating
factor of no small Importance AS we'll
as serving TO arouse competition and
giving recreation and social enjoy
ment. In this age Of agricultural ac-
tivity, when questions of the farm are
being forced TO tho front. wrcstlcd with
and overcome, unusual interest is
shown in exhibits OF live stock. grains.
grasses. vegetables and other farm
products
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-09-21

IL Maine. according 20 a raihcr cues
tionable report. there is a maple tree
more than loo years old. through the
middle OF whirh aTe Two cedar rails,
INC tree having grown completely
around them. The tree is two feet
and = half In diameter and each rad'a
ton sticks through on either side. ana
has not dccayed In the least old resi-
dents claim they have been there Sow
enty-nvc years, and mnybc some long
or TIic uthcr ends OF the rails are
partly grown into n big oak tree. or In
several oak trees
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-09-21

The proper temperature For churn-
ing varies at different times OF tho
year. with character OF feed with
period of lacintion and breed Of cows.
AZ rule the temperature should no
about 80 degrees In winter and IS IN
summer ana the cream should hc held
1T these temperatures FOR ~ least an
hour before churniup. " tho cream
= too warm. tine butter will come soft
and sulvy. II viii have poor Keeping
quality. aud there viii be a large lcsa
OF tat in the buttcrmillc. If the cream
IL too cold it will froth and STICK 10
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-09-21
Rest md l;nsic,t NM.

IT, Q. J.: please tell us Tho Dcsk and
easiest way to blonch cndiNc and make
Il; head. ! have "A good crop In my
garden, bat the leaves are all green,
and no indication OF It's hcadinG.
have been told there Is Il way.
Write or call the farmers demon
str;ition agent for your county. lie
will show you the process. If there
is not an agent in your county. write
to I. &. Hunter. Itenrlco Courthouse.
Richmond. 1t would be difficult to
write without demonstrating this pro-
cess Anyhow, Mr. Hunter Will give
you all necessary instruction, even If
he has TO so out OF his territory 10
do
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-09-21
Much Pinut Trouble.

Miss NJ W. r.; Ny enorymus
japonica hedge and shrubs Just
coated with some sort of scale, even
tho leaves are becoming white with
IL, and the plants are beginning 10 turn
yellow and some have died. mat must
] do?
This is cnonymus scale. Spray
thoroughly. especially the branches,
with 20 per cent kerosene emulsion In
form o. q mist" spray. Care must DO
taken not 10 lct the liquid run down
the etems and accumulate around them
on the surface Of the ground. or it
may Kill the plants
Tho 1Icnrico County demonstration
agent, J. &. Hunter. will tell YOU how
10 make the emulsion; also show YOU
now ANA when to apply il. Write him
at iIcnrico County Courthouse, where
he has recently moved his Office.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-09-21
- heat for Chtckcns.

Wheat Is probably Tho best grain 10
feed sImgly. III Europe aud canada i,
Is more largely fed than any other
grim. Wheat screenings, when one
can get them clean, arc superior to
plump wheat for laying hens, az they.
contain more protein, and are there
fore not 50 fattenins.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-09-21
0ncstInn An.,xcrch-

ili rcply 10 an urgent question Tile
orains are often ClUrgch by rhc roots
o. trees y good plan is to place SOW
erol thtcbncsSos of tarrod paper over
The joints OF tho tile. which is said to
prevent the entrance Of the roots to
some extent The Carolina poplar and
other species of the cottonwood family
arc very bad about ciogriuc drains. and
.Mould nol he plantcl inar ihcin
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-09-21

j NJ j.. Henricc Count" ~ have
been greatly troubled with smut IN my
wheat. VIII you kindly give me the
formula for treating the seed wheat to
prevent this"
j. &. Hunter. tho county agent. sends
The following:
one pound of formalin to fifty gal
Ions of water Uusc one gallon of tltS
solution for each bushcl of grain.
Spread ;hc grain on u tight iloor
sprinkle with = Watering pot. shovel
The mass over 80 as to wet every grain,
then shovel into Il heap and let stand
two hours. The spread out 10 dry
thoroughly
&c sure the fornaln is full strength.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-09-21
OBSERVATIONS ON SPRAYING

plant diseases says Mr.. :. T..
Stcue. an expert on Nthe subject. are
caused hy fungi. bacteria, careless
trca t'nent and untavorablc weather.
AS in animal diseases, tho remedy de-
ponds, 10 a great extent, on the cause.
In general. a constitutional treatment
Is always In order Good thrifty plants,
we'll cared fo$ are less liable to disease
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-09-21
nurlap Doubled I'm Price.

The increased, pric. OF buriap. owing
TO the European war, has aroused the
peanut packers and fertilizer mon. AS
we'll rs truckmcn and users OF CONNER
cial fertilizers 1t is alleged that the
war Is an excuse for doubling up the
price, and that thc cost or buriap so
far has not been affected
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-09-21
Weekly Bureau Of In
formation for All Who
Till the Soil or Are In
teresfed in Making Homes
GENERAL INFORMATION
THROUGH QUESTION BOX
vctch md Crimson flower.

J. s. r, Amelia County: which do
YOU consider the better corn cover
crop. vetci or crimson clover? When
should | SOW
You are little late. but not too late.
Get your seed in right away. IA to
tho choice between the two. much
depends on the Kind OF soil you have.
An expert tells mo that II the soil
is deep sand, vctch Will be the bet
ter. II ii is y soil OF n clayey nature
crimson clover Will give YOU the most
satisfaction. Crimson clover is a crop
that likes a clay soil. although II Ia not
necessary for 1t to he heavy clay be-
fore IT will succeed. THIS expert says
lie has seen crimson clover grow real
we'll on sandy land. but other condi-
lions being equal. the ve;ch Will give
the most satisfaction rs cover crop
on sandy land.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-09-21
Poisoning In the Ivy.

l.. :. L. Please advise me VIVA, to
usc for poison Ky poisoning?
II very severe consult doctor
Iicrc is a formula To be dabbed on the
affected parts several times day:
Carbolic acid. two grams: rcsorcin. two
grams: biSmuth suhEallate. four
grams; equal pnrts water and lime
water to make 80 &C.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-09-21

tbs churr. /, !. sell to have the tenn
pcraturc so thar churning may DC &C.
co'uplishcd in twenty five 10 thirty.
minutes. and the butter como IN il.u
condition dairy thermometer should
hc used in controlling the tcmpera
:urT
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-09-21
a2zzzE l7zs21aeSz2 g. z92sxszaIzEs

$ j: s:. : 4 %$ $$ $* y$ :$ $$ g
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-09-21

Facts for Farmers, Stock
Breeders, Poultry Roisers,
0rehardisis, Truckers and Gar
denerS---Queries and ANSWERS