davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1914-09-09
Card of Thanks
To The Editor of Manning Times,

To The Editor OF Manning Times,
Manning. s. G.
Dear Sir:-You will please allow me
space in your columns to express my
heart felt thanks to the voters of New
Zion, Sardinia, Oakdale. and Midway
Clubs, for the honor they conferred
upon me in electine me, this my fifth
term to the Magistrates office, at New
Zion. And to the voters of Sardinia
and Oak dale shall ever feel grateful
to them for the support they have
given me for the past 6 years. And 10
the few at New Zion and Midway that
helped to win the victory for me. |
shall ever feel proud of them also.
I am yours to serve,
W. E. FLEMING,
Magistrate.
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1914-09-09
Question Cleared Up.
Manning Readers Can no Longer Doubt
The Evidence.

Again and again we have read Of
strangers in distant towns who have
been cured by this or that medicine.
But Manning's pertinent question has
always been HAS anyone here in Man.
ming been cured?' The word of a
stranger living hundred miles away
may be true, but it canuot have the
same weight with US as the word OF
our own citizens. whom we know and
respect, and whose evidence we can so
easily prove.
James E. Reardon. Manning, S. c.,
says: "Some years ago used Doan's
Kidney Pills, procured from DR.. W. E..
Brown & Cos Drug Store, (now the
Dickson Drug Co., and found them
to be valuable kidney medicine. They
brought me prompt and lasting relief
from backache and pains across my
loins and did me world of good
Price SOC, at all dealers. Don't sim
ply ask for kidney remedy-get
Doan's Kidney Pills-the same that
Mr.. Reardon had. Foster-Milburn Co.
Props, Buffalo, N. Y.
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1914-09-09
Methodist Church.

Sunday School 1000 a. m. Mr.. Jos
SproLt, Superintendent. Public Ser,
vices at HOO 4. m. conducted by the
pastor. ke". George Pierce Watson.
Evening service recalled on account OF
revival services at the Baptist church.
EpworLh League, $50 P. m. Prayer
meeting, Thursday $50 p. IN.
The public is cordially invited to all
services.
G. t. WATSON,
Pastor.
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1914-09-09
Baptist Church.

Sunday School 1870 u. NJ. E. L
Wilkins Superintendent. Morning
services 1880 Il. m Evening service
500 p. n. The pa..or will preach a
both hours. Subject If morning ser
mon ''Vicarious Faith" Evening ser
mon THE High Cost OF Shining"
DR.. Price is expected Monday ant
Will preach twice uaily.
J. 4. ANSLEY,
Pastor.
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1914-09-09
STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA
County Of Clarendon
By James NJ. Windham, Esq, Pro-
bate Judge.

WHEREAS, Abe Levi made
w suit to lne, to grant him Let
ters of Administration of the
Estate and effects of George Nelson
These are therefore to cite and af.
monish all and singular the kindred
and creditors of the said George
Nelson deceased, that they be
and appear before me, in the court
of Probate. to be held at Manning on
the 25th day of Sept. next, after
publication thereof, at II o'clock in
the forenoon, to show cause, if any
they have, why the said administra-
ton should not be granted.
Given under my hand, this 7th
day of September A. D. 1914.
JAMES NJ. WINDHAM,
iSEAL.
Judge of Probate.
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1914-09-09
Card of Thanks.

I wish to thank my friends and
voters of my district, through the col.
umns of The Times for their liberal
support given me for Magistrate at
New Zion. I shall always feel CRATE
full to them for the confidence they
placed in me, and any time I can do
anything for them it will be my pleas
ure to do so. While was defeated by
small majority, I shall always feel
proud of the efforts my friends made
for me. beg to remain,
B. NJ. HARDY.
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1914-09-09
Watchino the New Horses,

Horse owners should be partcu-
larly watchful Of new horses taken
into the stable, as they may have e.
mild form Of slanders or farcy, both
of which are incurable, deadly and
extremely contagious to horses and
to human beings as we'll. a horse
with q running nose may be as dam
gerous as q mad dog.
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1914-09-09
Litter for Ducks.

Keep the litter IN the duck house
dry by frequent changing. The ducks
are great mussers.
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1914-09-09
Cures Cid Sores, Other Remedies Won't Cure

The worst cases. no matter of how long standing
are cured by the wonderful. old reliable DR..
Porter's Antiseptic Healing Oil. It relieves
Pain and Heals at the same time. 2Sc, SOC, G.o0
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1914-09-09

ce1e Let COVE Dry UP.
Do not let the cows dry up on &C.
count Of short pasture.
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1914-09-09

26S F L Blanding. ditching... Is 90
264 Willie Ridgeway, hogs for
County farm ......... % 10
[Attest] W. r. DAVIS,
Supervisor.
E. B. BROWN.
Clerk.
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1914-09-09
BUSINESS LOCAL.

I have on hand money 10 lend on
| mortgages of real estate. S. Oliver
OBryan.
Itch relieved in 30 minutes by Wool
ford's Sanitary Lotion. Never fails.
Sold by Dickson Drug Co., druggists.
S. ". Barron viii insure your cotton
anywhere.
5or doses 66s will break any case
Fever Or Chills. Price, Is cents.
Money to lend on Real Estate-Apply
! to Charlton DuRant.
5 or 6 doses 666 will broak any case
OF Fever or Chills. Price, 25 cents.
Insure your cotton in the open yard
on your farms with S. W. Barron.
Campben's Dropsy Cure-Surc cure
for dropsy. For Sale at Dickson's
Drug Store.
If you want your cotton insured
post card will bring me quick. S. W.
Barron
Lost-One pocket rule u inches
ong. Finder will please return to
Chas. B. Reardon, Manning.
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1914-09-09

E. L. WILKINS,
Clerk Protein.
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1914-09-09

MIR. Willie q. Clark, has returned to
his home in Florida, after pleasant
visit to his relatives and the scenes OF
childhood, in Manning. MIR Clark is
is an interesting talker, and we hope
TO see him many times again.
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1914-09-09

Contractor Reardon is building q
comfortable residence for Mr.. z. G.
Gross, on South Church Street, the
section locally known ;as.sThe HIP.
The Kansas City sun. (Kansas City, Mo.) 1908-1924, 1914-12-19
RACIAL

The two races in Virginia can CO.
operate in encouraging the Negro
wherever he lives to have a clean,
sanitary, healthy community. 1 do
not believe that this can be brought
about by any laws meant to segre-
gate the Negro in any certain part of
a community or city. Wherever the
Negro Is segregated 1t usually means
that he will have poor streets, poor
lighting, poor sidewalks, poor sewer
age and poor sanitary conditions gen.
orally. These conditions are reflect
ed in many ways in the life of the
race to its disadvantage and to the
disadvantage of the white race Hap.
PLY the Negro here in the South has
pretty good common sense and he is
not likely to thrust himself on any
community where conditions are not
c%ongenial, where he is not happy, and
where he is not wanted. Segregation
is not only unnecessary, but, in most
cases, it is unjust.
Both races are going to live here
in the South together. Year by year
we are going to understand each other
better. There is going to be more
racial cooperation, more friendship,
more peace, more harmony, more pros
perity. Despite evidences Of racial
friction which crop out here and there,
the relations which exist between the
individual Negro and the individual
white man are often closer and better
understood and more sympathetic
than those obtaining in any commu
nifty outside of the South. In the
matter of facing the trying conditions
in the cotton growing states brought
about by the Europeaon war, there is
a racial cooperation and sympathy
which have never seen before in the
South,-Booker T. Washington in the
Southern Workman.
The Kansas City sun. (Kansas City, Mo.) 1908-1924, 1914-12-19
~RoSERALE, KANSAS.

A program will be rendered Christ
mas eve at the st. Paul A. NJ. E. Zion
Church. There will also be a Christ
mas tree-Mrs. Joseph Collins, 1921
Lloyd avenue, has been quite i'll, but
her condition is very much improved
....A program and Christmas tree
will be at the Pleasant Valley Bap-
fist Church Christmas eve. The Sun
day School will have a rally Sunday
afternoon. A program will be rend-
ered-Mr. and Mrs. Eli Tuppence
are now occupying their beautiful new
bungalow at 4010 Adams street. They
have another home and property on
Adams street -. The funeral services
for Mr. Thomas Smith, the son of Mr..
and Mrs. Nelson Smith, who died Sat
urday at the residence of his parents,
was held Tuesday afternoon at the
Pleasant Valley Baptist Church, Of
which he was a member. Besides his
parents he is survived by a wife, Mrs.
saoie Smith, one sister and Seven
brothers.
The Kansas City sun. (Kansas City, Mo.) 1908-1924, 1914-12-19

The state of Louisiana is recently
forging to the front in the number
of lynchings and burning of Negro
citizens. These atrocities, which sur
pass any Of the achievements of bar
barism, are apparently matters of
mere recreation to the poor whites of
the Pelican state. AS usual, the So
called legal authorities are making
desperate efforts to suppress the out
RACES, but that's where the most of
the fun ome in. That's the climax
of the joke. The federal government
can not intervene because each state
is accorded the right to murder and
mutilate its black citizens If it so de-
sires. That also adds to the fun and
consummates the joys of American
freedom. After awhile, when the Ne
groes have made further progress in
culture and refined ideals, they may
also learn to see the humorous side
of the recreation and perhaps enjoy
being lynched.
The Kansas City sun. (Kansas City, Mo.) 1908-1924, 1914-12-19
cAuRcH


Bethel A. M. e. Church, Gath and Flora.
lstte ST.
Christian Church, 18th and Tracy.
Centennial M. q. Church, 18TH ana
Second Baptist Church. 10th and Char
Allen Chapel A. NJ. E.. Church, 10th and
Kansas Ave. Baptist Church, 4sth and
Kansas.
Ebenezer A. NJ. e. Church, 18th and
ST. Augustine's P. E. Church. 18th and
uroost.
Vine st. Baptist Church, 1925 Vine st.
Ward Chapel A M. Il. Church, 18th and
BLUE Valley Baptist church. 1920 crys-
St. Johns A. M. E. Church. 174s Belle
Seventh Day Adventist, card and Wood
st. Monica's Catholic. nth aud Lydia
Morning Star Baptist Church, 2311 Vine
Highland Avenue Baptist Church, I'LL
c~entropOlis A. M. E. Church. Centrop-
st James A. M. e. 2. Church, 1923
Woodland Ave.
Third Baptist Church, Roundtop.
Peoples Mission, 30th and Genesee.
st. Paul's Baptist Church, 10th and
friendship Baptist Church, 18th and
Tracy Avenue.
Pilgrim Baptist Church sli Charlotte
Pleasant Green Baptist Church. indie
pendence Avenue and Tracy.
Calvary Baptist Church, 18th and
Bigeiow A. M. E. Mission, 9Th and
Lydia
Progressive Baptist Church. 18th and
Summit.
st. James 3apttst Church, 41Ss MN st
St. Luke's A. NJ L. Churcn. 43rd and
Prospect Place.
A. M. e. Mission, Sos Grand Ave.
KANSAS CITY, KAN. CHURCHES.
First A. NJ. E. Church, Sth n Neb.
Pleasant Green Baptist Church, LIST and
9plitlog.
Eighth ST.. Baptist Church, Sth and
Oakland.
Metropolitan Baptist Church. 9th and
Bethel 4. M. i. Church. Water and
9teward Streets.
St. Paul A. M. E. Church, 21st and
Ruby.
First Baptist Church. 9Th and Neb.
King Solomon Baptist Church. 3rd and
Quindaro A.. M. z. Church, Quindaro,
Pleasant Valley Baptist Church. Rosedale,
Kan.
M. E. Church, 9Th and Oakland.
A. M. e. Church, 4th and Oakland.
Salter Mission, A. NJ. E. Church, South
Park, a
Protestant Episcopal, 3rd and Stewart.
Second Baptist Church, gath and Ruby.
Wesley Chapel NJ. E., LOG Shawnee.
st. Paul A. NJ. E. Zion Church, 1000
Adams.
Bethel A. NJ. E. Church, Roselale. Kan.
Mt. Zion Baptist Church, 4th and vir-
Einia.
Ebenezer A. M. E. Church. Sanford and
fremont.
The Kansas City sun. (Kansas City, Mo.) 1908-1924, 1914-12-19

We had a splendid meeting in our
Vesper service held at the Metropolis
tan Baptist Church on Sunday. While
it was the coolest Sunday of the sea.
son we had a representative and en-
thusiastic audience which took part
in spirited congregational singing.
Mrs. D. A. Holmes rendered a solo to
the delight Of all. Rev. DR.. D. A.
Holmes delivered one of the best ad-
dresses land we have had many e
cellent ones) to which it has been our
pleasure to listen. He spoke on "Wo-
mems place and power in religion"
The Secretary wishes that at least one
thousand Kansas Citians could have
heard this particular address. We
shall hope to have our new Kansas
pastor again at an early date. 1t is
more blessed to give tim to receive is
practiced by some.
The Kansas City sun. (Kansas City, Mo.) 1908-1924, 1914-12-19

Rev. R. c. Ransom, after a visit
among US, declares that Kansas City
Negroes are world-beaters in educa-
ton and music. This means that
our visitor either saw a great deal
while here or that he was in excel
lent humor during his stay.
The Kansas City sun. (Kansas City, Mo.) 1908-1924, 1914-12-19

The English Crown Wilton Rugs
have just arrived, having been delayed
in shipment because Of the war. The
rich blending of dark red, green and
blue undoubtedly makes the Y. NJ. c..
A. labby one of the prettiest in the
country. 1t is worth a trip to the
building to see the beautiful effect.
The Kansas City sun. (Kansas City, Mo.) 1908-1924, 1914-12-19

The brilliant services which Super.
intendent 1. 1. Camack is rendering
as head of the Kansas City schools
is having effect in newer inspiration
for both teacher and pupil. The Ne
gro schools are coming in for their
share of profit.
The Kansas City sun. (Kansas City, Mo.) 1908-1924, 1914-12-19

Again we warn our people to be-
ware Of fake accident insurance COM
panies which attempt to make us
their special prey. Do not believe
everything the oily tongued agent tells
you. The promises should be all in
the policy and should be set forth in
simple language.
The Kansas City sun. (Kansas City, Mo.) 1908-1924, 1914-12-19

If the color of a mans skin makes
no difference when the call to arms
is issued in defense of the country's
honor, then it should make no differ
ence in the enjoyment of those rights
and privileges which come with peace
and national prosperity.
The Kansas City sun. (Kansas City, Mo.) 1908-1924, 1914-12-19

The efficiency of a school is largely
measured by the influence which it
exerts over the lives of its pupils. If
it fails to promote a higher tone of
general conduct, a greater respect for
order and decency, a refined concep-
tion of social demeanor, then it is
falling short. That's all.
The Kansas City sun. (Kansas City, Mo.) 1908-1924, 1914-12-19
Y. M. C. A. NOTES

Two Bible classes have been organ
lied, one with an enrolment Of TWEEN
ty-seven in the boys department, and
a training class in the physical de-
partment. Two other groups will
soon be organized into classes.
The Kansas City sun. (Kansas City, Mo.) 1908-1924, 1914-12-19

Every man that takes part in the
gymnasium, swimming pool or other
physical work, must have a physical
examination. Already a number have
had their examinations and are ready
for class work. The classes are be-
ing arranged. See the physical d.
rector.
The Kansas City sun. (Kansas City, Mo.) 1908-1924, 1914-12-19

1t is to be regretted that more of
our young women do not realize the
value of this gymnasium work under
a trained director in the person of
Miss Ruth G. Smith, in a fully equip
ped gymnasium. All should have
heard what DR.. Holmes said about it
on Sunday. All members and friends
of the Yates branch of the Young Wo-
mems Christian Association, Fifth and
State avenue, on the Kansas side, are
invited to bring their husbands, sweet
hearts and other visitors to our second
annual meeting on January Z, 1915.
This meeting is to be held at Sumner
High School at 500 p. m. A good pro-
gram and a real jubilee will give vari-
ETY. to the evenings entertainment.
The Kansas City sun. (Kansas City, Mo.) 1908-1924, 1914-12-19

It certainly speaks strongly against
the family life of our people when
upon the first cold spell more than
half Of our children must be kept out
of school. Why not look ahead when
the days are fair?
The Kansas City sun. (Kansas City, Mo.) 1908-1924, 1914-12-19

The boys expect to have a Christ
mas tree in their lobby on Christmas
eve. The membership in this depart
ment has grown so rapidly that after
a few more members have been re-
ceived no nor will be accepted for
a certain length of time.
The Kansas City sun. (Kansas City, Mo.) 1908-1924, 1914-12-19

In the political spanking which the
President is administering to Senator
Reed the latter should remember that
Whom the Lord loveth He chasten-
eth"
The Kansas City sun. (Kansas City, Mo.) 1908-1924, 1914-12-19

"The Gain Of Loss" is the subject
to be discussed by President H. T.
Healing of Western University, next
Sunday at $3.50 p. m. The meeting
will be held in the beautiful lobby.
An unusually large crowd of men is
expected. DR.. Healing has a national
reputation as a speaker. Don't fail
to hear him.
The Kansas City sun. (Kansas City, Mo.) 1908-1924, 1914-12-19

The three Y. w. C. A. physical cul-
ture classes met as usual on Saturday,
Notwithstanding our first big snow,
and each of these had just the best
time imaginable.
The Kansas City sun. (Kansas City, Mo.) 1908-1924, 1914-12-19

DR.. Holmes advised the women and
girls to join the Y. w. c. A. and take
advantage of the gymnasium work and
other privileges.
The Kansas City sun. (Kansas City, Mo.) 1908-1924, 1914-12-19

Not by might nor by power, but
by my spirit saith the Lord of hosts"
Worlds Y. w. c. A. Motto.
The Kansas City sun. (Kansas City, Mo.) 1908-1924, 1914-12-19

The Sun is the cleanest paper typo
graphically, published by the race.
Compare them and see.
The Kansas City sun. (Kansas City, Mo.) 1908-1924, 1914-12-19
EDITORIALS.

Watch for our special rate during
January.
The Kansas City sun. (Kansas City, Mo.) 1908-1924, 1914-12-19

TIL following out-of-town men have
been guests in the Y. NJ. c. A. mems
apartments during the past few days:
DIR. w. w. Caldwell, Atchison, Kas.;
Ray Simmons, Denver; George John
son, Oklahoma City; D. W. Pazer, Col
umbia, Mo-; Prof. Jones, st. Joseph;
Rev. T. d. Lee, Richmond, Mo-; D. L.
Cox, Coffeyville, Kas,; j. w. Randolph,
Jacksonville, Fla; Rev. E. C. Winston,
st. Louis.
The Kansas City sun. (Kansas City, Mo.) 1908-1924, 1914-12-19

The city and visiting ministers are
taking advantage of the Y. M. C. A.
reading rooms, mems apartments,
cafeteria and ~recreative games. Rev.
erends F. D. Wells, w. H. Thomas, w.
H. Peck, S. w. Bacote, ]. R. Ransom,
Barksdale, Douglas, Booker, Redd and
Mills of Atchison, and Rev. Lee of
Richmond, Mo.
The Kansas City sun. (Kansas City, Mo.) 1908-1924, 1914-12-19

The lobby meeting last Sunday led
by nine young men, G. w. Desmond,
VIM. G. Moore, w. W. Goodwin, R. j.
Knox, F. D. Wright, H. ]. Brown, S.
A. Blye, P. c. James and A. w. Hardy
was n of the most enthusiastic ever
held in the Association. The majority
of thoes in attendance were young
men. Mr.. Q. ]. Gilmore made a pro-
fession of Christianity.
The Telegraph-courier. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1888-1946, 1914-11-05
Foor Mrs. Smith.

A minister was recounting some Of
his amusing experiences in marrying
people. There's an old CUSTOM
said he, that the bridegroom shall
kiss the bride Immediately after the
marriage ceremony is over. It's a
good, practical custom, for it serves
more handily than anything else that
know of to dissipate the awkward
pause that almost always follows a
simple. informal ceremony. For this
reason / keep the custom alive.
"One day a man whom | shall call
Smith came to the parsonage to be
married. Mr. Smith was q ponlpous,
consequential little man. The pros
pective Mrs. Smith was fine, win
some girl After the ceremony, Mr..
Smith, in spite Of his pomposity, did
not seem to know just what was the
next thing to do, so, as in my prac-
tice in such emergencies, said: My
dear sir, 1t Is your privilege to salute
the BRIDE He turned around and ex-
tending his hand formally, said: Mrs.
Smith, congratulate you
The Telegraph-courier. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1888-1946, 1914-11-05

~ RGANDIE, null, batiste, cotton
~ voiles, silk muslins, challi or any
Iother of the semi-transparent materi-
lals, are suited to the design for
party gown such as that shown in the
ILLUSTRATION. Those fabrics that have
la plain surface-that is, without print
led or wovenin figures the use
lof scattered sprays of hand embroid-
erred flowers and are the more elegant
by the introduction of these most de-
Hsirable of all decorations Fine or
Igandie and batiste and cotton wolfe,
Iof the best quality, are lasting enough
Ito merit the work which hand EN-
Ibroidery involves.
These plain fabrics may be embel-
ilished with set-in medallions and
Sscrolls Of fine lace, insertion in place
Eof hand embroidery These same de-
Ncorations are used on the thin figured
materials which may be preferred to
1.-THE plain fabric. They look equally
twell on either
The frock shown here is made of
Sine white muslin with a plain under
skirt and a tunic which is made of the
material laid in fine side plaits. The
Ebottom of the underskirt is finished in
Hshallow scallops and there a few
ssprays of daisies and lilies-of-the-val-
Hey embroidered on its surface. These
The Telegraph-courier. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1888-1946, 1914-11-05

sprays do not appear on the tunic.
It's only decoration is narrow inser-
ton Of French val lace at the top Of
the hem.
The easy-fitting blouse has set-in
sleeves, V-shaped neck and surplice
fastening at the front Insertion like
that on the tunic is set in at each side,
forming a panel down the front and
back of the blouse. In these panels,
and In the side pieces, sprays Of EN-.
broidery like those on the skirt ap-
pear. The arm's-eye is large and the
sleeves straight The sleeves are fin
lshed with hem having the insertion
at it's top and decorated with en-
broidered sprays. They are cut long
enough to allow a little draping at the
elbow where the material is caught up
in two folds. The bodice is finished
with turnover collar having a mar
row hem and insertion
This little frock is worn over a pet
ticoat having border of figured satin
ribbon about the bottom There is a
crushed girdle of the same ribbon
Each wearer selects the manner of
fastening the girdle which suits her
best. A small fiat bow at the back is
to be recommended for youthful wear
ers.
JULIA BoTTCML EY.
The Telegraph-courier. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1888-1946, 1914-11-05
How the Humbuo First Buzzed.

1t is not generally known that the
word ''humbug," long so much in
vogue, is of Scottish origin. There was
in olden time family called Bogue,
or Boag, of that ilk in Berwickshire. A
daughter Of the family married son
Of Hume Of Hume. In process of time,
by default of male issue, the Bogue
estate devolved on one Gordie Hume,
who was called popularity Hume o.
the Bogue, or rather Hum O. the
Bug"
He was inclined to the marvellous,
and had vast inclination to exalt
himself, his wife, family, brother and
all his ancestors on both sides. His
tales, however, did not pass current
and at last, when anyone made an ex-
traordinary statement in the Nearns
the hearer would shrug UP his shout
ders, and style 1t just "A hum O. the
bug" This was shortened into hum
bug and the word soon spread over
the whole kingdom.