Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1914-07-08

lltCfCSL HIS 'IOWll uAv4 VIZ " A~
$50 listed for prizes.
| The directors conduct numerous n
ture study excursions to the nearest
| fields and forests and to the parks In
kChicago. On one trip Twenty-Five dlf-
ferent wild flowers were found. VI
525 children in one building 283 had
never visited q park and many had
never been In a large field or forest.
Reports from several Indiana cities
show that the work Is increasing In
amount and effectiveness.
TUESDAY FORENOON
Abstract Of address before the De.
partment Of kindergarten Educa-
tion.
subiect-ProbIems versus Subject
;. Matter 40 a Basis for kinder9art-
en- curricuIa.
Author-Luella A. Palmer, Assistant
Director Of kindergarten, Public
Schools, New York, N. Y.
These two bases are not mutually
exclusive. A large factor in any
problem is subject matter and the
acquisition of subject matter pre-
sents many problems to children.
In a problem, the Information &C.
quired is a deposit accumulated In
the process Of arriving at something
which is more important, the solu.
ton of the dilemma.
Two Factors.
There are two complementary fac
tors in the educational process, the
child and his environment. Educa-
ton must not be viewed from either
one extreme or the other 1t is the
relationship between the two which
offers the field for education which
can result in development on both
sides. The basis for education
should be characterized by a term
which denotes not only the, point of
contact between child and environ
ment but this point of contact in a
dynamic aspect. 1t is in the form Of
a problem that q human being and
the outer world come together and
progress together.
Tho Problems
In viewing problems as the basis
-for education, the child is conceived
a. alert, eagerly reaching for a re.
suit and searching for means to &C.
complish it. The environment is
considered as a place where adjust
ments and Improvements q he
made, altho3i has a certain stability
OF its own which conritions change.
The character Of these conceptions
determines method ina,ethe s. class
room. Where education Is Ger as
the activity Of the child working
with materials which he finds most
useful in his environment, method
consists in choosing and providing
an environment which will offer
questions of ftalleHaard mean by
which these can be worked out.
Valuable problsnis wilt not only
call forth oil Fiof ~ child's energy, de.
vslop all hts capacities but, will also
present rnucht nisterial$for him Ito
work Upon as$thisc hasa been found
useful in race 1 progress.t The best
problems appeal to fertile interests,
such as ~ theAscfentifft interest, I'd
find the character 81 ones environ.
rnelt; (2) the artistic interest, which
H. concerned with, color, sound mo,
tom and their Arrangement; At3) 1.-THE
language interest," the clarifying Ol
Ideas by use Of syrnbolsaafors facts
and h(4) sthet' soci"la inter
est, thew0rki1g withnand II ones
fellOws;a (5)~the spiritual Interest
the hHrf1bnizlrg ofssUne'saslife with
universalNtprogress. Presenting ma:
terialst q f1s thee eavironms nt ! itipon
which these interests can ii expend
themselvesagives subject matter lin
such as,forin& that atschildh ma take
the Kind andsarnount dwhichfitsisspcs,
stbleafor.eiirn to- assimiiate aad "a
rialse aitt5a part Of III capital which
he can rei1vest IN the Immediate I'll,
tnareess6ttfyitfessd&st4 s,efste ira. Ga
.,afssSreestfss a.-xxssaess -4asata5isass
AhSttace o. AddrSessbsfore sthSss %
pavstnss4 oEsHsD ussnsss EducatisA.G
SUhjs4t3se rhSSedRsessn4a Status 81
ADuSlRssS asEdOc1tleaN, tmadAyMetlns
aha eeotne Observation-Disclosures
Author@sEah " aladsJ tssad ofseomt
msTtialeTfd pspartiA entyata Brigham
afNsun0aU university, tarovsys Utah. t&s
Until oOMparxtiveiyaT2 resent sayears,
there has ab6aIl ~ tendency ~ iagsttie
United States toescunsiaef. aYlsiffOsi
and eddcatiUa as'abeisig diainetticaaly
80 80. . . a ~ l.. - 4 . rA.l - NJ. ahsgAIs.A IL n