El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1914-08-24

, the Great, the maleIldA p-O5AyS- -
the kingdom increased notably. me
nrinciDIs towns. Dantzic and Cracow, to
increase tEefr commercial lmpoI lance
Joined the Hanseatic league. and the
towns on the Vistula grew IN "ealln
and number. At this time me HaLle u
Warsaw begins to appear, Inough II was
not made the capita OF the AlsuOIn
until about 1872 ~, -
king VVladyslaw, were seriously peaten
by the Turks at Narha' IN u4sa ara
and the kingdom was IN STRAITS, even
though Bohemia and Hungary had been
added TO the dominion by election short
" after Wladyslaw's accession,
Sigismund Il 154S to 15I2) lost the
Palafinate of Polotsk to Ivan the Ter
ribIe and Tivonia to the Swedes- In his
reign the diet of LuDlin closely pound
Poland and Iithuania- The throne nad
now become elective, and the mobiles had
gradually encroached on the power OF
the king by the adoption OF the pacta
convents- After Sigismund Il there
was an interregnum, and the throne
was publicly offered for election by the
mobiles The candidates wore the arch
duke of Austria swedish prince ivan
the Terrible Of Russia. and Henry OF
Valois, brother Of me French king.
French Duke Elected King.
The French duke was elected, and
signed the pacta conventa, which he
had no intention OF carrying out he
was one of the worst characters MS
line had produced, and sharing IN the
guilt of the massacre Of St Bartholo-
new, came there unpopular He had
little love for his task, which was only
to endure for five months. When ne
had private advices which told him he
was 10 succeed his brother to the throne
Of France. he prepared a great recep-
ton at which he was more gracious
10 his Polish subjects than he had ever
been before
When he retired for the night he
left the palace by a remote exit, and
rushed for France as fast as horses
could carry him He was pursued by
Polish officials. and after he had en-
tered German lands he parleyed with
them He said in 2 vague way that
when he had restored France to tran
guilty he would return, a promise he
had no intention Of keeping.
After this the lot of Polish kings
became even more difficult, principally
the small armies Of retainers, each Of
them maintained, thus preventing na-
uional unity
sObiesd Great Polish General.
The greatest Of Polish generals, and
one Of the first soldiers of the age. So
bieski, was made king IN 1879, under
the title OF John III During his reign
there was a new invasion Of Turks and
Moslems with a huge army. In 1888
they swept the plains Of Hungary, and
laid siege TO Vienna Emperor Leopold
and his court promptly fled The Pol
ish king, who had been solicited by the
emperor himself, and upon whom all
Europe looked as its possible only
savior, Joined with the German troops
and led an assault that put the enemy
completely TO rouL Six pashas were
slain, and the booty captured was enor-
nous
There were more wars. in which
France and Sweden and Russia figured,
zsw41~ liz
dom was rent by factional strife, and
anarchy and pillaging by the peasantry.
Then came a king who was a mere pup
pet in the hands or Russia In 1858 a
few patriots met in the town of Bar
and formed the confederation Of Bar.
1t looked as though they would throw
off the foreign influence, but finally
Russia prevailed, and the band broke
Up. Casimir PulaWski, one Of the lead
ing spirits, leaving for America to lead
the colonies in the war Of the rebel
lion.
The partition Of the country had al
ready been agreed upon secretly be-
tween Russia, Prussia and Austria, the
idea having been suggested apparently
by Frederick the Great
Poland PartitiOned in 1872.
In 1872 the partition was put into
effect, Prussia and Austria getting
their desired portion, and Russia what
was called White Russia, with all the
ldlQ DEN OLAu LAlE LJ4l4GPEAs Int D4EE
were obliged to sanction this plumber
Of their country by a diet held in 177S.
Strife among the mobiles followed, and
again there was intervention, Russia
by this extending her line to the cen
ter of Iithuania and NOlhynia- An in
surrection broke out under Thaddeus
but he was defeated and
made prisoner at the battle Of Macie-
jowice in 1874 Shortly afterward War
saw was taken and the kingdom Of
Poland came to an end The king re-
signed the crown in 1875, and was sum
moned to St Petersburg. where, il was
said, he was subjected to continual
until he died there.
By the treaty OF Vienna in 1914 there
was again a resettlement Of Poland, IN
der the terms Of which that portion
which went to Russia was TO form a
constitutional kingdom subject to the