davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun., 1914-09-01

Most of the Americans who have had
to take steerage luck IN coming to this
port have borne their discomforts
calmly or gayly. There are "kickers"
on the most luxurious ship, and usually
the persons least accustomed to purple
and fine linen make the biggest pother.
Short commons and the deck or a
sitting crib to sleep on or In: II is no
harm that a nation Of immigrants
should be reminded now and then OF
how II got over here and not be snob-
bish and superfine. Poor old KIT
Colt MBUs would regard the accommoda-
tions or want OF them whereat few
priggish noses are upraised as soft
Campanian delights.
And there are atrabilious or unsocial
souls whom this time OF all times
beckons TO the sea. No captains din
rer. no concert. no WEAKNESS unutter-
able or more unutterable orchestras. no
subscriptions for a band that everybody
would love 20 massacre: peace, peace
at last for them that go down to the
sea In ships.
The sun., 1914-09-01
ERCK4NANN-CHATRAIN.
This Delightful series Makes Timely
Ilcadiug Now

To THE EDITOR OF THE SUN-Sir: Read
ers of THE SUN who are interested In Eu-
ropean history will derive great pleasure
as well as instruction from reading just
at this time the Erckmann- Chatraln series
OF stories OF the Napoleonic wars
The action covers the ground which Is
being fought over now. and tho narra-
tions tor such they are) take you from
the defeat OF Napoleon at Leipzig through
the hundred days to Waterloo and the
Invasion of France by the allies. ending
with the Franco Prussian war of 1901.
The books are named and run In Sc
quence as follows: Mime. Therese." THE
Conscript," THE Blockade of Phalsbourg."
Waterloo" THE Invasion OF France" and
The Plebisclte."
They are written In the light simple
domestic style which Is characteristic OF
the works OF these authors. and engage
your interest at once by their simplicity
and naturalness
In the second book, The Conscript,"
there is a significant passage where Jo-
seph Bertha. the young conscript. IL
awaiting with fixed bayonet the charge
OF some Prussian and Bavarian cavalry.
He. like all his recently conscripted young
comrades has had his head hlled by the
old veterans with stories OF the glorious
achievements OF Napoleon's armies In pen
etratng into every country OF Europe and
subjugating the various nations, "exter-
minating those vermin" killing them by
scores OF thousands In battle. burning
their towns. &c, and he II buoyed up in
all the sufferings OF the long and painful
marches with the thought that they are
going to extcrminate them again. and
there will be more glory for Napoleon, OF
which he. Joseph Bertha, will have his
individual share.
As the enemy's forces approach he dis
tlnguishes that what sounded Mt nrst In
the distance as dlscordant yelling by
them Is concerted cry OF "Vaterland,
Vaterland." and then. In his own words.
1t comes 10 him as a surprise that they
TOO have country which they love and
they also have peaceful homes which they
undoubtedly grievcd 10 have to leave as
he sorrowed at having been taken from
his own.
He finishes the campaign, nobly doing
his share OF the fighting. but the incident
starts In his mind train OF thought
which all the energetic shouting OF the
grzzled old sergeant of GLORY. Joseph
my boy, glory" cannot dispel.
The books are intensely interesting and
Instructive, and especially illumnatlve Of
the great conflict now going on IN Eu-
rope. ALEXANDER CRisTADoRo.
NEW YORK. August 81.
The sun., 1914-09-01

Our neighbor the StdGtS-Zcitunp thus
extenuates the German destruction of
Louvaln:
The punishment is a terribly severe
one. But the lie OF single German
militlaman. under such cir umstances, Is
worth more than the whole city of
Louvain. with all its relics and all Its
Treasures
Leaving out of sight every principle
OF humanity and justice and every con.
sideration based upon a decent regard
for the opinion of mankind, it is never
theless nn appalling prospect that this
medimvalism at Louvaln opens to view
1t may possibly he said before long
The punishment ia a terribly severe
one. But the life OF single Cossack.
under such circumstances. Is worth more
than the whole city OF Berlin, with all iis
relies and all It's treasures
ATTILA, or ETzEi. was the destroyer
Of cities. He ravagcd Bclgic Gaul.
There and elsewhere across the map pf
Europe town after town went down
before his torch. AquIleia he annihi.
lated. Padua ne burned. The goings
and comiugs Of his armies were marked
hy u trail of ashes.
Yet even ArTlIA spared the defence.
less town of Troyes. with all its relies
and all its treasures.
The sun., 1914-09-01
The Near side Car stop.

This morning the ordinance re-
quiring all street cars TO stop on the
near side of intcrsecting streets only
will go into effect. Hitherto the sur
face cars have followed no general
rule. and none except the experienced
could tell where they might take up
passengers. The new system is rec
ommended by experience IN other
towns and IL should work well here IL
the city authorities do their share.
When this scheme was tried here be-
fore II was doomed to failure by the
neglect Of the city 10 clean the streets
sufficiently to make cgress and exit
endurable. Passengers were forced to
wade through mud and In winter time
through snow from curb to car until
the public refused to tolerate such con-
dltions If the streets had been kept
clean then the near side stop would
probably he an established institution
here now instead of an experiment.
The fact that II Is put into operation
In summer ohviates the principal diff
culties In the way Of its success, and
by winter time II may be 80 high In
favor as to compel the cleaning of the
roadways with celebrity and com"
pleteness New York has never known.
The sun., 1914-09-01
be prolonged to the capture Of Jaluit
and the Marshall Islands

be prolonged to the capture Of Jaluit
and the Marshall Islands.
This operation so simply conducted
In the South Sea supports the position
that Great Britain, at the time when
Its Japanese ally announced It's inten-
tlon to enter the war, gave satisfactory
assurance to our State Department
that Japan's activity in the Pacific
need cause this country no unen siness.
The best assurance would he that the
Islands once German should pass into
British possession while Japan was
still engaged with Kiao-chow.
Samoa hns great strategic lmpor-
tance because 1t Is the best southern
outpost wherein to watch the Panama
Canal, and In the harbor Of Pagopago
we hold the key Of the situation. We
have had no cause I'm the last fifteen
years to complain of our German
neighbors in Tpolu; we shall expect to
be quite as we'll satisfied with British
neighbors. Our particular interest In
this minor incident of the war II that
1t precludes the possibility OF Japan in
the poor harbor Of Apia looking en-
viously at our great naval base In
Tutuila, less than ninety miles away.
The sun., 1914-09-01
The Prince OF Wales National Relief Fund

To THE EDITOR OF THE SuN-Sir: A.
there are no doubt many British subjects
and friends OF the empire In the United
States who would like TO contribute to tho
Prince OF Wales National Relief Fund. I
should be much Obliged II you would
kindly let II he known that any dona-
tons. large or small. can be forwarded To
myself at the British Consulate ieneral,
when receipt Of the same will be crate
fully acknowledged and remittances made
from time to time to the London fund.
Checks may he made payable to Lady
Iiennctt and marked prince of Wales
Fund" T. BENNETT
New York, August 81.
The sun., 1914-09-01
Increased Mobility I'm War.

Many new lessons will be learned
from the war in Europe. but the con
fiict Is forcibly rciterating one of the
oldest. to wit, that mobility Is one of
the most important factors toward sue
cess. The methods of acquiring mo-
bility have changed with every period
In the worlds history, but there has
been no great alteration in the manner
Of applying them. To reach the strik-
ing spot swiftly. To strike and to fol-
low up the blow have always been es-
sentials Of victory in war. The de-
fensivc may bc stone wall but its
very immobility proves that II Is the
defensive.
The success Of the British In the
Blight Of Heligoland was due primarily
to the speed and hardness Of their
battle cruiser class. To he sure the
weight Of metal thrown by the guns
and the accuracy OF the marksman-
ship played their parts. A boxer does
not win by footwork alone; he must
also be able 10 hit, aud the British
jackics showed that they knew how TO
shoor. But the first element of sue
cess In the engagement was the mo-
bility Of the squadron.
The chief Instrument of increased
mobility on land is the automobile.
by II generals are moved from point
to point with speed unknown In the
days Of gallOping chargers. STAFF Off
GERS cover remarkable distances; light
guns and even heavy ones are moved
with amazing celebrity; ammunition
trains and field kitchens are kept close
to the swift moving columns, and at
times even reenforcements are brought
up In motor cars. When the technical
history Of this war Is written the de-
velopment OF the use Of new instru-
ments Of mobility will be one OF It's
most Interesting pages.
The sun., 1914-09-01
"a NEW WORKERS ABSENT.
HoHworth of Illinois Putting In Ills
Spriug wheat.

WAsHiNGroN, Aug. 3l.-Twenty-four Of
New fork's forty-three members of the
House were absent to-day The abscntccs
We're; Brown, OLeary, Wilson. Mahcr,
Calder, Griffin, Metz, Riordan. Goldfogle,
Loft, Levy. Carew. pStton, chandler
Cantor, George. Taylor. Mcclellan. Walhn,
Mott: Fairchild. Clancy. underhill and
smith.
Among those present were Dale, Fltz.
gerald, O'Brien. Conry. Dooling, Bruck-
ner. Goulden. oglesby. Platt Ten hck,
Parker, Merritt. Talcott. Payne. Dunn,
Danforth, Gittins. Driscoll and Hamilton
The days attendance record of the NoW
Jersey and Connecticut delegates fol-
lows.
Absent - Repress natives Browning
Scully, Hart and Klnkead OF New Jersey.
Lonergan and Mahan OF Connecticut
Present-Baker. Walsh. Tuttle, Drui,-
ker. Mccoy, Townsend Eagan and Ham.
~ Of New Jersey. Reilly, Donovan and
Kennedy OF Connecticut.
Representative Henry George OF New
York is absent from the House by reason
or Illness. Owing to the state OF his
heash he was obliged to remain away
Tor the better part of the time last SIS
sion. Mr.. George left Washington some
weeks ago on the advice OF his physician
INDEFINITE leave was to-day granted Rep
restn tntatlve Wilson Of New York, who is ill.,
Representative Hoxworth OF Illinois. A
Democrat, In said to be one OF the most
notable examples OF absenteeism Mr.
Hoxworth has not been in Washington TO
exceed ten days since Congress met last
December. Last week "A petition was re.
ce'ved by Senator Lewis OF Illinois from
some OF Mr., Hoxworth's constituents pro-
testing against any further payments 10
MIN on the ground that q, was buslly
putting IN his winter wheat To-day Mr.
fioxworth was granted indefinite leave
OF absence on an application forwarded by
him stating that he is Ill.,
Business was running along smoothly
In the house when members suddenly
broke out into applause. The House was
considering the Alaska coal land bill and
many OF those present saw nothing for
moment that was calculated to evoke
applause They soon learned the cause
Members were provoked to hand clapplng
by the appearance OF Representative hob
son OF Alabama. one OF the prize absAa-
tees.
Mr.. Hobson has n record for absen,
teeism that takes rank with that chalked
up against certain New York members
out OF the 1877 roll calls In the House be-
tween December / and August 25 Mr.
Hobson responded only twenty-four times
In other words, he was absent on i7s
roll cells.
The sun., 1914-09-01
COOL DAYS CUT DEATH RATE.
Relief After Heat of Auxust In.
creased Infant MOrtaIitx

There were fewer deaths in the past
week than In the preceding week, owing
to tho cooler weather. The mortality was
also lower than that of the correspond ng
week Sist year by about forty deaths
Despite the efforts made by Health De-
partment officials and social workers there
were moro deaths among infants during
the month OF August than I'm the game
month last year. The extreme heat dur
ing the first week OF August Is considered
tho reason for this Increase, In August.
1913, the deaths among infants under ono
year averaged 60 in every 1000 born dur
ing the month. while this year the figure
increased to 81
The death rate during the first eight
months OF the year was l4l6 per
1000. which is 0.3 point lower than the
mortality for the same period last year.
II this apparently small reduction In the
death rate continues II will mean a saving
OF approximately 1875 lives 1C7!nS ths
year.
The sun., 1914-09-01
The Next Pope.

The protection Of the Church In the
war that now engages So great n part
Of Chrlstcndom will require statesman
ship OF the first order in the Vatican.
The inevitable changes consequent on
the conflict will call for a provision,
skill and patience in adapting the pol
icy of the Church in its relations with
secular Powers that will tax the capac-
lty of the wlsest and most devoted
While the election Of Pope in any cir
cuInstances receives the most solemn
consideration. II Is obvious that to-day
the task Is complicated to degree
seldom exceeded in the long history
of the Church.
Under the protection OF the Italian
arms the College OF Cardinals to-day
begins It's deliberations. The last right
OF veto has been revoked, and the Aus
trian court Is without the power II pos
sessed up to the last pontlficate. The
reports Of men favored for the success
sion to the throne Of PETER are inter-
esting and speculation on the subject
Is not TO be avoided; yet he who would
pretend TO forecast the decision of the
scholarly and wise princes OF the
Church now isolated In the Vatican
must be bold to effrontery.
The sun., 1914-09-01
81 CARDINALS
CONCLAVE AT ROME
Three American Prelates Will
Not Take Part in Choosing
Pope Until Thursday.
TO BE CHOSEN FROM NINE
Church Dignitarics Retire After
Mass-TrOOps Prevent
Interference.

ROME, Aug. 31.--Following q mae, n
the Pauline chapel this moruiu. nny.
seven Cardinals, OF whom thrty-one wers
1 Italians and twenty-six foreigners. IN.
tered into the conclave called COR the ruf.
pose OF electing successor to Top.
Plus X
Cardinals Gibbons and oCcnncll OF ,ls
United States and Cardinal Begin az can.
ada were among the absenteer They ara
due to arrive here on Thursdny. II the
new Pope has not been selected then.
which is not likely. they will take part In
the election.
1t is the prevailing opinion among the
Vatican authorities that the new pops
will be chosen from among nine Cardinals,
as follows Main, Gasparr Ferrari. Luz
adj, Ferrata, Cassetta, Agliardi. SefannI
and Pompili. Every one in a position 10
know what Cardinals have the best
chances Is maintaining the utmost Sc.
crecy.
1t was . O'Clock when the Cardinals be-
gan to arrive in carriages at the Vatican
and assembled for the mass OF which
Cardinal Ferrata was the celebrant
Among those present In the chapel vera
members OF the Diplomatic Corps the
knights OF Malta and the aristocracy OF
the papal court, the members OF which for
the first time since the death Of the pone
on August 20 had put OF their mourning
garb.
The election exhortatlon was delivered
this afternoon by Mgr. CALI and then The
Cardinals entered with much solcmnlty
their conclave apartments priest and
servant accompanied each Cardinal
The Cardinals wore a special dress for
the conclave. This Included hooded
cloak OF violet wool After prayers the
oath for the performance OF their sacred
duties was administered. Then carpenters
and bricklayers began the wor, Of walung
up the conclave apartments None OF the
Cardinals Will again appear until new
Pope shall have been elected
Troops to-day drew up in line around
the Vatican and ST. Peters to prevent any
possibility Of Interference while the elrr-
tlon Is In progress. The Government de-
cided upon this plan in order TO guarantee
the perfect freedom Of the Cardinals
The sun., 1914-09-01

now. Just a word for man who saves
lives instead Of taking them. Introduce
ing him whom men call Patrolman
PATRICK MCDONALD and the gods
Babe" crowned with the Olympian n
wreath, a mighty shot putter. Saves
two men. his friends. from drowning
Sunday afternoon, one OF them himself
famous rescuer. with medals from
Congress and life saving society for
pulling two girls and two boys out Of
the Hudson. A good afternoons work
for the Olympian PATRICK. but he won't
think much of it. Yet 1t seems rather
more useful than the slaughter house
line to which Europe is devoted.
The sun., 1914-09-01

To THE EDITOR or TIE SUN-str; The
unerrins accuracy with which the British
and Fr,nch war offices report the German
losses is really astonishing. But why
thiy mysterious silence AS to British and
French losscs' Surely these losses also
riust have been very great, for ! cannot
believe that the French and English ran
away without putting up a stiff fight,
But II their losses were really as small
AZ reported. one Is forced TO the con-
olusion that the allies retreated without
making the desperate resistance which
we all expected from them
BENEDICT PRTErH.
NEWARK, N, j.. August 81,
The sun., 1914-09-01
RUBIN, POLICE HEAD, TO QUIT.
Disagreement with Commissionr
Woods Is Denied

Second Deputy Commissioner J. Robert
Rubin Is to leave the Police Department
on October /. II has been rumored lately
about Police Headquarters that Depu'f
Commisslonr Rubin and CoU< lssouer
Woods had clashed over the detect q
bureau, but this was denied. Commissions
Rubin refused last night 10 get date
for his retirement saying that II woul"
be when his work was done" lie al.
m!tted, however, that he contemplate
leaving the department and practising
law, having decarl not To seek nom
ination for Congress.
Mr., Rubin waS appointed Second pcpu'.
Commissioner on February 2 He hNi
been Deputy Assistant District Auor
ney since 1910 and aided Emory HurNH'r
in the CurrGn Investigation lie Is ~
years old and a graduate OF Syracuse
University,
The sun., 1914-09-01
VARS EFFECT ON SILVER.
Probable influence OF Present & onditions
on Coinage Of the Cheaper Metal.

A doubling OF the present coinage
of silver by the leading Western ma
tions would call for the annual pur-
chase OF over 25,00O,00O more ounces
or more than 10 per cent. of the
worlds annual product. But the
question arises whether the Govern
ments OF Europe (and the United States
as welD have not been starving the
mlnts on silver for several years.
Doubtless the officials concerned would
say that they have been buying all
the metal required for legitimate pur-
poses of subsidiary coinage. 1t would
be difficult to prove that this was the
case in the policy of the Indian Gov
ernment, which In 1907 coined SS5,-
100000 in silver, then stopped purchases
for five years and in 1912 coined nearly
13,OOO,0O0 worth. But in it's broadest
aspect this claim Is hard to reconcile
with a worlds coinage declining par
passu with growth in population, with
the opening OF new territories where
silver could well serve as currency, and
with the increased multiplicity of retail
trade transactions. In the Ave years
from 1899 to 1903. both years inclusive,
the mints of the world utilized 69O,-
S55,014 fine ounces of silver an annual
average of 13S,071 ,003 ounces. In the
quinquennium 1904 to 1908 the total
was 1l3,s34.536 ounces, or lag, 766,907
ounces "a year. But In 1909 only ST.
12S,g5l ounces were coined, in 1910 only
7S,1S6.S42 ounces and in 1911 but H.
237,S3S ounces, a total for the three
years OF 2S3,753,63l ounces. or an an
nual average OF 93,5S4,54 In 1912 the
coinage leaped to 161, ,763,4l5 ounces,
owing to the resumption OF operations
by the mints of India after a suspension
of new purchases since 1907 and to a
growth in Chlna's coinage. But even
in the four years 1909-l2 the total
worlds mintage was only 445,517,04
ounces an annual average of Ill ,379.26l
ounces--less than the yearly average
output In the Ave years in the early
's0s The apathetic policy Of the mlnts
will be best realized by separating the
coinage for the Western nations from
that Of the silver using countries OF
the Far East. In a group including the
United States, the United Kingdom,
Germany, Austria-liungary, Russia and
France the silver coinage has been 27,-
S67.41O ounces for 1910, 26,643,0l3 in
1911 and 2S,5946is in 1912. But China's
silver mintage has increased materially.
while India began turning out rupees
again and increased her supply of coins
for China which are scheduled under
Hongkong coinage Japan lessened her
mint operations somewhat. Altogether
the coinage for the Far East totalled
21,5O2,ss In 1910. 7O,154.262 in 1911 and
1l1O47.552 ounces in 1912. Let us tisu-
alize the distinctive Eastern and West
ern mint consumption in the following
table Figures in fine ounces):
1910. 1911. 1914
East. .....:i, i,50:.ss7 7o.l5I?62 iilot7552
Other coun-
tries. .2s3ei5 t7.oss.576 5o7l5.ss3
The sun., 1914-09-01
Apia the Conquered.

1t was to be expected that the Ger
man half Of Samoa would he plucked
by the British In the South Sea phase
Of this world war. The only surprise
Is to find that II was gathered in by
the troops Of the Dominion of New
Zealand rather than by the imperial
squadron from It's base In Suvh IN the
Fiji Islands, less than three days dis
tant. This evidence that the Domin-
ion army and navy are operating
within Polynesia leads 10 the infer
ence that the northcrly course will
The sun., 1914-09-01

Cedat armis toga, Our most respectful
compliments to Rabbi KATE of Madison
avenue He carries not only an admir-
able weight Of learning but two dynamic
fists. Sunday night at Park avenue
and l0bth street two young men ordered
him to fork over" his watch and chain.
II saw no reason for giving up my
valuable possessions" the rabbi dryly
told the police afterward, and so
grabbed the young men and cracked
their heads together" The police
ngged OFF the cracksmen cracked OF
pate, the rabbi resumed his walk To
speak Sagamorehilish Bully for the
rabbi.
The sun., 1914-09-01
Explosions.

To THE EDITOR OF TIE SuN---Str; The
following theories have been exploded by
the war:
That there can be no more war
Because the bankers will not permit
IT,
Because the Socialists will not per-
NIT Il.
Because modern arms are too terrible.
That Japan Is too poor to 20 TO war
CHARLES VEzIN.
NEW YORK, August 81.