The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1914-10-20
TYPES OF FARM WELLS AND
THEIR LOG ALTON

The farm we'll, especially a shallow
dug we'll, should be located somewhat
above the barns, buildings. Yards, and
stock pens, or at least III such 4 posi-.
ton that the surface drainage from
all possible sources of animal and
vegetable contamination is away from
the we'll. The location should also be
as far removed from these sources as
convenience will permit
TO properly safeguard wells against
outside contamination, first, all
sources of contamination should be
removed as far as possible. IL local
conditions and prices will permit, 1t is
good idea to provide impervious
floors with water-tight drains for farm
buildings and stock pens. Under tho
same conditions concrete manure pits
might well be provided to not only
pl event the liquid manure from poll
luting the nelShbOrlng soil but TO save
the manure. No garbage, manure, or
rubbish should be dumped into sinks
or basins in the immediate neighbour
hood. and these should be fenced off
and Kept free from polluting matter,
The house should be provided with
some safe method OF sewage DISPOSAL
While slops and garbage from the kit
chen should be put in tightly GOV.
cred garbage cans and disposed Of by
burying in the fields, burning or feed
ing to pigs. The use or privv vaults
and teaching or overlloWing cesSpools
should be absolutely avoided, since
they are likely To be sources of tho
worst contamination. Every farmer
should become acquainted with the
various types Of wells and the best
methods of protecting, and the well
should be SO protected as to exclude
filth from all those sources Of con.
taminatIon which 1t has been i'm
possible to remove or have been over.
looked.
In the selection, location and sink
ing of well, it is always a good idea
TO consider permanence in addition to
safety This will depend on the kind
or Well used. and one should be ac-
qualnted with we'll types and methods
OF sinking The we'll should penetrate
to levels below that Of the ground.
water surface in the dryest seasons.
Dug wells are generally circular ex.
caVauons TO feet in diameter They
are adapted TO localities where the
water is near the surface. especially
Where 1t occurs in clayey material and
requires extensive space for its con.
SerVatiOn.
Bored Wells are we'll bored with var
lous types Of augers from inches to
Ieet IN diameter. routed or lifted by
hand OF horsepower. They are usually
iIHeu Win cement OF tile sections with
cemented joints and often with iron
tubing. They are adapted to localities
where the mater is at medium depths
and 10 materials similar IL those in
which open wells are sunk Punched
wells are small holes usually less than
8 inches in diameter sunk by hand or
horsepower by dropping q steel cylin.
der slit at the side 50 as 10 haul and
mt material by its spring They are
n = nj ted n in h foy,
within 30 feet of the surface but not
at much greater depths. These wells
should he lined with tile, iron tubing
or sheeuron casing. Driven wells are
SUNK by driving dow inward small iron
tubes. usually l3 to I inches in dfa-
meter. and provided with point and
screen. They are especially adapted
LOT use III sand and similar porous
carrying considerable water
At siIght depths, and are particularly
desirable where the upper soil is ike
~ 10 be polluted.