The Mobridge news. [volume] (Mobridge, Walworth Co., S.D.) 190?-1917, 1914-08-21
TREATMENT OF or
CHARDS.
Ev Il. 6. cor
BY RI. s. COE.
Consulting Plant Patholociat South
Dakota Agricultural Experiment
Staten. ~Grookinus.

0NGLi~il, 81 NGHlti2Ss
BY orchard hygiene we moan the
handling and caring for an orchard
in such a manner as to reduce the pos
sibility CT infection from diseases al
ready present either on the trees in
the form of cankers or decayed fruit
or upon rubbish and decaying fruit up
on the ground; III other words, to i'm
prove the health Of the orchard by
sanitary means.
The fungi which we must take into
consideration in orchard sanitation
are olassed under three heads. Firstly
those which have the power Of infect
Ing healthy and sound leaves, twigs,
branches, and fruit. Secondly, those
organisms which do not have the pow
or to infect a plant, or parts OF it un-
less they first gain entrance through
a wound. This latter type of organ
isms is far more common than the ma
iority of us think. The third class Is
a combination OF the other two. that
is. those diseases which can readily
infect leaves, fruit, or young shoots
and can only infect the larger limbs
and the trunks after gaining entrance
through a wound; yet after once be-
coming established in this name
they in turn furnish spores for the
next years infection Of the foliage
and fruit. Thus the infection occurs
year after year.
Fungous organisms are placed BY
mycologists into the two general
classes; namely, parasites and sapro-
rhyteS, meaning, Of course, that pare,
sites are diseases which survive only
upon living matter and saprophytes
those organisms which occur only up
on organic or dead material. Little
thought or attention is given to that
group Of organisms known as facul-
tative parasites. which means moth
ing more than organisms which or1in-
ally live a saprophytic life, but which,
when the opportunity is given through
bruises OR pruning wounds which
have not been properly treated. may
live a parasitic life and cause what
These diseases generally attack the
larger limbs and trunks. Have yon
not noticed rotted areas on the main
trunks or larger limbs of otherwise
apparently healthy and vigorous
trees? Have you ever stopped to
think Of the source of the Infection.
or has it ever occurred 10 you that the
.decaying was due to a fungus? VIVA.
have you done or what are you 60
ing to do to save such trees? A good
coat of paint, white lead, or tar
would undoubtedly have avoided it IN
the beginning, but after it has once
got a foothold the decayed wood
should be thoroughly cut out. the cav
lty carefully disinfected with q weak
f~ormaldehyde solution, a 1-1o0O BIZ
chloride of mercury solution, or a so.
luton OF copper sulphate. After this
disinfection the wound should be
thoroughly painted with several coats (
of tar or creosote, and in ease il is a
large wound it should afterward be
filed with cement or concrete. The
primary object of d~isinfecting 4 wound
Is to kill zoe spores and myce};all
which may be present at that
time u TO prevent other organisms
from lster gaining entrance. Air and
moisture are necessary for the growth
OF wound invading fungi so that what.
ever substance is used to cover
wounds must 16Hss.sa. s.sS-ss.a x~sv~c that {
il will prevent air and moisture from
entrance. The filing Of large
with cement will further pro-
test them frcIn infection and also