davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1914-11-06

CBy H. L. KEMPsTER. Missouri Expert
ment Station)
The secret of success in raising
poultry is to provide conditions as
nearly natural as possible. Such con-
ditions the farmer-poultryman is in
position to provide. With unlimited
range at his disposal there is no need
for him to crowd his poultry into small
yards. Limited range encountered
with large numbers of division fences
makes it impossible to give the poul-
try yards proper cultivation. This
causes them to become filthy and in
sanitary, a condition which is respon-
sible for most poultry diseases. The
success of poultry enterprises is usual
ly measured by the extent of range
provided for the purpose. CONNER
cial plants which depend upon small
yards are usually short lived Better
sanitary conditions would yield the
farmer more satisfactory results.
Locating the Poultry House.
The most common mistake made in
locating the farm poultry house is that
of placing it so close to other farm
buildings that the hens over-run the
latter. The usual plan of locating the
poultry house between the barns and
the dwelling house is especially dis
agreeable since it encourages the hens
to not only overrun the barns but the
back porch of the house as well. This
habit is encouraged by throwing the
crumbs, table scraps, etc, out from
the kitchen door. Under such condi-
tions poultry keeping is not only I'M
pleasant but impractical and the read
er is urged to consider these points in
the selection Of a satisfactory site.
A low spot is unsuitable for poul-
try house because surface water is apt
to accumulate and damp air always
settles In such place. Land which
is naturally wet either because of the
nature of the soil or because Of springy
conditions should be properly drained.
Muddy quarters cause fowls to con-
sumo large amounts Of filth. This in
addition to the dampness Of such
location results in unhealthful flocks.
There is also the probability Of the
eggs becoming dirty, resulting in an
inferior product even if thoroughly
cleaned. A wind break should be pro-
vided which will not only afford pro-
lection from disagreeable winds but
furnish an abundance Of shade. If
possible the house should be located
upon south or east slope. This is
not so important, however, as conven-
fence to other farm buildings. The To-
cation Of a poultry house in an orchard
is ideal if the trees do not shade the
runs so that they remain damp.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1914-11-06
SOIL FERTILITY AIDS
Four Elements Especially Impcr-
tant in Farming.
Most Marked Difference Between Rich
and Poor Land Lies in Content of
Nitrogen and Humus-Legumes
Require Bacteria.

Plants need food of different kinds,
very much as do animals. That is, a
plant will starve if deprived of any
one of several substances in the soil,
just as man will starve if he tries
to live on fat meat alone, or on starch
alone, or on sugar alone, or, for that
matter, on all three of these articles
Of food, because they lack the ele-
ment that makes blood and lean
meat and which is found in eggs,
milk, beans, and the like.
The elements found in the soil
which are necessary to plants are
nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, potas-
SUM, magnesium, sulphur and iron.
Those that come wholly from air
and water are carbon, hydrogen and
oxygen. The latter group makes up
the bulk of the dry substance of
plants, or ninety to ninety-nine parts
trogen can be given an intermediate
place because the original source of
the soil nitrogen is in the air. Also
certain kinds of plants, the legumes,
are able to utilize atmospheric nitro
gen, though this is done indirectly,
through the nodule-forming bacteria
found in their roots.
OF the seven soil elements men,
toned, only four have been found to
be especially important in practical
farming. That is, they are the only
ones which are apt to be deficient in
the soil, and which generally make the
difference between a rich and a poor
soil, so far as plant food is concerned.
These four elements are nitrogen,
phosphorus, calcium, and potassium.
The last three are sometimes called
minerals" and are generally re-
ferred to under the names of "phos-
phoric acid" lime" and potash"
AS rule the most marked differ
ence between rich and poor land or
between new" and "old" land lies in
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1914-11-06
Essentials Of q Poultry House.

Essentials of Poultry House.
Simplicity and economy in construc-
ton, perfect dryness, good light and
ventilation with due regard to com.
fort, are the essential features of .
poultry house. Expensive equipment
and artificial conditions are unnecces-
sary and undesirable. Many poultry
houses are lacking in the necessary
amount Of light and fresh air. Others
have an abundance of these essentials
but disregard the comfort of the stock.
Plain houses with interior fittings Of
such a nature that they can be easily
cleaned are desirable because in such
houses it is easy to destroy vermin.
Width.
Narrow poultry houses are more ex-
pensive to construct for a given
amount of floor space than are wide
ones, besides compelling the birds to
roost near the open or muslin front.
Breeding pens are sometimes built only
eight feet wide, but no house should
be less than IL feet wide unless for
special purposes and for the former,
house IA feet up to 20 feet wide. For
fiocks of one hundred hens a house
20 feet square is the most economical
to construct. Houses are rarely seen
which are wider than 20 feet.
Height
The height of poultry house should
be sufficient to enable a person to
work conveniently. The wider the
house the higher the walls should be
in proportion. 1t is necessary to have
the rear side of the house over four
feet six inches high unless a fiat roof
is used. In houses which have their
highest side facing the south, the front
should be not less than six feet high.
The other feature which determines
the height of the south wall is the
necessity of admitting sufficient light.
Scratching Shed.
The modern poultry house is a prod
uct of evolution. The artifically heated
house grew. into disuse because of
expense, and weakened vitality of the
stock This type was followed by the
excessive glass front house which gave
way to the house with the scratching
shed. This was brought about be,
cause the need of fresh air became APP
parent. Various means were resorted
to to secure this condition. Lean-tos
were added to the ends. In some
houses the roosting quarters were
placed in the back of the house with
partitions of muslin fronts for ventila-
ton, the partition gave way to a. cur
tain of muslin frame which dropped
down in such way as to enclose the
birds in small roosting space.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1914-11-06
DEADLIEST ENEMY OF APPLE
Any Sort of Declduous Tree
Spraying Is Only Remedy.

The San Jose scale is the most de-
structive scale insect found in the APP
pie orchards. We are able to stand
the onslaughts of the frost. of the cod
ling moth, tent-caterpillars and scab,
and still make some money. But In
the last five years the only thing that
has prevented the ruin of the industry
was heavy investments In sprayers
and spraying materials.
Last spring l drove through three
of our apple counties. l saw many or
chards being cut down. The San Jose
scale had ruined them. Spraying had
been put off too long to be of any
value to them and the owners were
doing the right thing under the cir
cumstances. They were making log
piles and brush heaps OF what had
been some very fine old orchards.
San Jose scale will attack almost
any sort of deciduous tree. 1t can exist
on nearly any wood plant and IL left
alone it will kill the tree in a few
years. or course, long before the tree
is dead It becomes worthless as a fruit
producer.
The smallness of the scale prevents
its early Identification. The individu-
al scales are hardly ever larger than
a pin head. The most characteristic
thing about this scale is that it
causes the bark that is, the inner
bark, to turn slightly reddish in color.
Look for the little nipple" in the GEN.
ter Of the scale. With an ordinary
pocket lens there is no difficulty in
making out just what it is. If you are
in doubt about the scale, send twig
carrying some of the deposit to your
state experiment station for an expert
opinion.
When IL appears upon old trees the
scale is usually found on the twigs or
smaller limbs. On young trees it may
appear over the entire surface of the
bark. Leaves and fruit are often in
tested with it. On the bark of young
trees, on the leaves and on infected
fruit there is usually sort of pur-
plish ring around the scale.
The scales that live through the win
ter mature in the early spring. Each
of the females gives birth, to living
young, about four hundred of them at
a time. For day or two these micro
scopic yellowish creatures crawl about
over the bark and then settle down to
sucking sap and weaving the curious
scale. 1t is composed of white, wax
like thread, matted together and max
ing dense covering.
The remedy sounds simple, but is
not altogether so. or course, spray
ing is the only means of fighting the
San Jose scale. Spray with full
strength lime sulphur solution in the
dormant period. This should be done
late in the autumn or very early in
the spring. Mild days during the fall,
the winter or early spring should be
selected for the job.
Up to the time growth begins In the
spring the lime sulphur spray may be
used. Miscible oils are sometimes
used with good effect during the dor.
mant period. In summer spraying
with self-boiled lime sulphur will hold
the scale in check
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1914-11-06

5EARM11N0TESS.

Clean up the garden. Burn all weeds,
vines, etc.
When the hens are shedding they
stop laying.
Stale water is an abomination to q
hen. Change it often.
Laziness Is responsible for some
decreases in egg production.
The best breed of dairy cows-the
one that has the most intelligent
care.
Good masters and common cows
often succeed, but. If reversed, ex-
pect failure.
Ewes with long tails are a nuisance,
but never detail sheep in hot wealth
er or fytime.
The milking stool is made to sit on.
Use currycomb and brush in
grooming your cows.
Effective systems Of farm market
ing are among the greatest needs Of
present-day agriculture.
It Is better for your sire. and all
concerned to have a stable and yard
fitted expressly for him.
Do not let the dairy cows feed on
the frost-bitten pastures. It Injuries
both the COW and the pasture.
If you have not already got It,
build detached milkhouse, where
you can keep your milk in water.
~
Do black hens make you think of
crows? Then don't keep them. Look
for the hens you like to look at best
Visit with your hens. They are
sociable creatures and they will do
better for one who knows them
when he sees them"
The poorest sheep of the whole lot
may be the one that bears the best
lamb. Some such mother sheep give
all there is in them to their lambs
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1914-11-06
D(QJLIM N()IE(|
<-sasssasss2 zssSESsEsss e. as=s' NJ
n EGSSSSSSSSSSSSSS aax-A1D
Watch the chicks grow.

Watch the chicks grow.
If the sick chick is not soon a dead
chick it ought to be.
Don't forget lime and gravel! Both
are necessary in the poultry yard.
Be sure Of clean water for. the
chicks and keep their roosting place
clean.
Two or three applications of kero-
sene will cure the disease known as
"scaly leg"
Success or failure Of the poultry sea-
son depends upon the days and nights
now passing.
Rats are likely to be bad this time
of year. Don't neglect them till they
get some of your best broods.
Feed coops are very necessary to
keep the large chicks and fowls from
tramping the little ones to death.
y
Filth and insanitary surroundings
are responsible, either directly or in
directly, for 70 per cent Of all poultry
diseases.
The most profitable year of a hens
life is her first year. There is little or
nothing to be gained in keeping hens
after they are two years old.
Before emptying the ash can mix
in a little lice powder and place it
where the hens can use 1t for dust
bath. This makes 1t more effective
for vermin.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1914-11-06

the content of nitrogen and humus,
which are abundant in the rich soil
but deficient in poor soil.
Fortunately there is a family of
plants that is able to get nitrogen
from the air through the aid Of bac-
terra which live in their roots. This
family is known as legumes. Those of
most Importance are as follows: Red
clover, alsike clover, white clover,
crimson clover, Japan clover, alfalfa,
sweet clover, cowpeas, soy beans,
garden beans and peas, and vetches.
On the roots of all kinds of legumes
are found small growths resembling
warts, which are called nodules. These
nodules are produced by exceedingly
small forms of plant life which can be
seen only by the aid of powerful
food of the various kinds needed from
the root sap Of the plants in which
they live and in turn they supply the
plant With more or less nitrogen,
which they have the power to get from
the All. If a legume be grown in a soil
which does not contain these bacteria
it can only make use of the soil supply
of nitrogen, like other plants, such as
corn or wheat. Thus the proper bac-
terra must be supplied before the
legume can be grown successfully.
One of the chief ssoil constituents
which are we'll known to decrease
under usual cultivation Is humus, as
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1914-11-06

front because In the estimation of
practical farmers they bring in the
greatest profit, says Farm and Home,
OF late there has been a tendency
to unduly magnify certain lines OF
Holstein breeding and to push prices
to high marks-in other words a
boom. in which prices with four and
five figures are common. 1t may be
that bull calves are worth $4,000 to
$4,000 each, but no one is justified by
past experience in paying any such
amount of real money unless he can
afford to lose 1t. When cows sell for
several thousand dollars, they become
the rich mans plaything, rather than
the poor mans support.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1914-11-06
DAIRY
FACTS
DO NOT CHANGE THE BREEDS
Some Goods Cows May Be Obtained,
But There Will Be Lack Of Uni
formity of Production.

To change breeds every now and
then is poor practice. One should
be very careful before the particular
breed is chosen. To use a Holstein
sire one year in order to obtain a
large flow OF milk, Guernsey sire an.
other year to secure richness of milk,
and Shorthorn sire the next time to
obtain more beef in the offspring, is
the wrong principle to employ in the
breeding and raising of good cows.
Undoubtedly some good COWS will be
obtained in the herd from such meth.
DDS of procedure, but there will be. no
uniformity Of size. form. appearance
and production, and the owner has no
assurance Of what he is going to get
In the future. 1t is a case of too many
In the mixture, and it is guess work
as to which one will come to the top.
First. select the breed with great
care, then stick to It, If mistake is
made the first time in obtaining poor
specimens, and poor producers, then
rectify the mistake as soon as possible
by selecting the right kind of a sire
belonging to the same breed to head
the herd, or by selling the animals al.
ready bought, and purchasing better in.
dividuals belonging to the same breed.
1t is usually safer to try to improve
within the same breed than it is to
improve by changing to a different
breed. There are good individuals and
good strains within any of the breeds
intended for particular purpose.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1914-11-06
CARING FOR GROWING STOCK
Do Not Overcrowd the Chicks and
Keep Up Perpetual Fight on
Vermin-Provide Pure Water.

CBy t. E. QUIsENBURY. Missouri.)
1t is an all too common habit to
think that after a chick is past the
first three weeks, it will raise itself.
If a chick is to develop into healthy,
vigorous cockerel, or a strong, active
pullet that will shell out the eggs
next winter, it must have the best OF
feed and care throughout the entire
growing period.
Many of the ills and much Of the
mortality among growing chicks is
due to overcrowding. The brooder or
coop should furnish ample room for
the little fellows to stretch them
selves out at night without coming
in contact with each other. Plenty
of fresh air should be admitted at all
times in such way that there will
be no drafts, causing the chicks to
huddle together.
Like the poor, these little pests are
always with us, and continual war
fare must be waged to keep them
from exacting heavy toll Of dead,
dwarfed and stunted chicks. Watch
for head lice. Greasing, lightly the
heads of all chicks over two weeks
old with a mixture of kerosene and
lard, equal parts, will serve either as
. q preventive or cure. Also grease
lightly under the wings.
Be careful not to use too much
grease and oil. Application should
be repeated in about two weeks If
chicks are badly infested. For mites
paint or spray brooding quarters with
q mixture of eight parts kerosene to
one part crude carbolic acid. This
will also serve as a good disinfectant
The Importance of an abundance of
fresh, cool, pure water cannot be
overestimated. Filthy drinking water
is one of the most common causes of
disease, and lack of water too com
mon cause of unsatisfactory growth
All drinking vessels should be scald
ed at least once a week. In cool
damp weather sufficient permangan
ate of potassium to give the water
deep reddish tinge will assist In
preventing colds and bowel trouble.
Good feed and plenty of 1t, easily
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1914-11-06
NOTFS
Iea.--s.-----ssssss
-. .saA SsssMNJ

Young calves must be given every
opportunity for health and growth.
Avoid putting too many cows In one
pasture to reduce the feed to the
smallest quantity for each cow.
Don't neglect any broken wires In
the barbed wire fence where the dairy
herd is pastured. Cut udders are not
profitable. Y
II there is the least idea in your
mind that any Of your cows are
troubled with tuberculosis, use the
test at once.
When possible test the cows milk
before buying her, and remember it
does not pay to buy COW whose
milk tests much below three per cent,
The COW and calf should be gradual
ly weaned from each other, and to
hat end their quarters, when separat-
"a should be in proximity to each
)ther.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1914-11-06
SCATTERING HAY OVER LOFT
As Fodder Falls From Forks Device,
Recently Patented, Pieces 1t
Just Where Wanted.

An invention which will interest the
farmer is shcwn herewith, the subject
of a recent patent granted by the
United States patent Office. 1t is the
general custom to fill the barn by
means of forks travelling overhead the
length of the structure, but when the
load is discharged the efforts of sew
eral men are required to scatter the
hay to the sides and away from the
center in order that the barn may be
filled.
The principal feature of the device
consists of fitting platform which
is secured to the timbers entering into
the construction of the barn so that it
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1914-11-06

may be moved along to any desired
point under the travelling fork When
the load is dropped from the latter
the angle of the platform is changed
to one which will direct the hay to any
point where the level may be lower
than that of the surroundings. An ar
rangement of this character enables
one man to accomplish the same
amount of work usually done by sew
eral
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1914-11-06
H0LSTEINS ARE IN DEMAND
Popular Among Dairy Breeds Because
They Bring in Most Profit
Hardy and Prolific.

observation-disclosures are very popular
among the dairy breeds. They pro-
duce great quantities of good milk at
low cost, are hardy, healthy, hand.
some and prolific, and when one ia
through with the old cow as a milk
machine there is plenty of meat for
beef or bologna. The Holsteins have
won their way on merit and good ad.
vertising, and they will stay to the
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1914-11-06
GUARD FOR A PRUNING SAW
Satisfactory Device May Be Made
Out Of Brass Curtain Rod by
Pryina Il Apart SLIGHTLY.

The double-edged pruning saw with
coarse teeth on one side and fine on
the other would be far more widely
used, if it were not for the fact that
the unused edge so often Injuries the
bark of the trunk when the saw is
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1914-11-06

the dark-colored organic substances
which result from the decay of vege.
table matter are called The value
of vegetable matter in the soil is not
apt to be overestimated, for the
humus produced from it increases the
water-holding capacity of the soil and
improves the texture, so that the soil
is less inclined to bake. Also it's i'm
portance in connection with different
kinds Of necessary bacteria is very
great.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1914-11-06

accessible at all times, is one of the
most important secrets" of success
fully producing the best birds, either
for market, laying or exhibition and
breeding purposes. After chicks are
on free range, they should have free
access to a hopper containing equal
parts by weight of cracked corn and
cracked wheat.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1914-11-06
Agreement Is Far Away.

The pros and cons of dairy farming
are likely to be discussed for a long
time before an agreement is reached;
and, in the meantime, the COW is push
ing herself to the front in regions
where she has not been highly
esteemed.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1914-11-06
Keeping Improbable Cows,

II you had hired man who was not
earning enough to pay his board would
you keep him long? Then why do
you keep the cow that does not make
enough milk to pay for her keep?
Many farmers are doing Just that
thing.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1914-11-06

Guard for Unused Teeth.

being used A very satisfactory guard
may be quickly made Of brass curtain
rod by prying it apart slightly at the
seam and cutting suitable length
to fit over the edge, as shown in the
illustration This will cling to the
saw blade by its own tension.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1914-11-06
Command HIGHEST Price.

To command the highest market
prices hogs should be we'll fattened,
uniform in size and color, in shape
to attract the buyers and in every de-
tail up to market requirements.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1914-11-06

Success In Vineyard.
Pruning is the keynote Of success In
= vineyard.
The Alaska daily empire., 1914-11-02
NOTICE OF MARsAAgs SALE


 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
 First Division, District of Alaska, ss'
 Public notice is hereby given, that by virtue of writ of Fieri Facias tor executior), dated September 2Sth, 4. D., 1914. issued out of the District Court, of the United States for the First Division. District of Alaska, on Q Judgment rendered in said Court on the 21st day of September A. D.1914, in favor of w. & O. Mining Company, a corporation. and against Alaska Re- llance Gold Mining Company cor poratlon. have. on this 18th day of october, A. D., 1914, levied upon the following described real estate, situ- ated in the Juneau Recording Precinct, District of Alaska. to wit:
 l. Reliance Millsite. Commencing at Cor No. 1, where notice is posted, which point is S. 5S' OF D., 1S3 1t. distant from Cor. No. 1, London Mill site U. S. Mineral Survey No. 620, A. & B.. thence N. 40' IT D., S40 feet to Cor. No. ?, thence s. 5S' OF b., GAO 6-10 feet to Cor. No. 8, thence s. 4O' IF w., $40 feet to Cor. No. 4, thence N. 5So O4 w.. GAO 6-10 feet to Cor. No. l, the place of beginning.
 2. The Alliance No. 1, Quartz Lode Mining Claim. Commencing at Cor ner No. T, identical with Cor. No. l. of the Alliance Lode Claim, thence Southeasterly 1900 feet to Corner No.