davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-10-18

miliar with Robert Louis Stevenson's s St. Ives have an excellent conception of the inaccessibility of this castle and to gaze at it's sheer cliffs one would suppose the fortress truly impreg- nable. but the castle was once sur prised and taken in the night time by d force of less than 200 men. a fact which induces most strongly the con clusion that appearances are deceptive.
 Another supposedly inpregnable for- tilcatien of Germany Is Kinigsburg. at present being invested by the Rus sians. It is enclosed by a ring of F large forts and so far has defied the attacks of the cohorts of the Tzar but then 1t has not been subjected to the fusillade of the Krupp guns.
 have seen goodly number of the strong Qualifications of the world, but ] am by no means a military expert and my judgment counts as naught; still l think that l am safe in declar- ing that possibly the defenses which approach the nearest to impregnability are those which guard the harbor and bay cf Rio de Janeiro. in Brazil. This is partly due to the favorable contour of the bay itself and partly to the in genuity of man In seizing upon and converting to his service natural fea :. lures which the locality presents. While the bay is 13 miles in length it's width at its mouth Is a scant mile. The en- trance is flanked upon either side by two towering rocks which have been drilled out and converted into ior.; resses. owing to the extreme narrow ness of the mouth of the bay men of war cannot obtain a range upon the forts from the outside. but must sta ton themselves immediately opposite thereto, which is an untenable posi- ton. Duly appreciating this fact, Ad- iniral Waldenkock during 9 Brazilian revolution some years ago designedly permitted himself and his vessel to be captured by the national fortress out side of the bay and lowed into the har- bur.
 To the left of the entrance to the bay Is the fortaleza Of Villagan n, built upon a partly submerged rock and equipped with water batteries which lie so close to the surface of the sea that they are almost imperceptible ana at times the tide nearly reaches the guns To the right is series of superimposed forts. the lower one--
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-10-18

ton engaged in or contemplating war must possess guns of the Krupp type or of similar effectiveness. No it means that the engines of a siege and explosives have become so destructive that walls, ramparts and mounds can no longer withstand them It is the dsathknell of modern methods in mu- nicipal defense and vastly different tactics will have to be adopted in mill itary strategy.
 The guns now employed by the Ger mans in attacking a city will carry eff fectively a distance of 12 miles, and it Is fact that when the late Grand Duke of Oldenburg purchased one of these machines of warfare he was un- able to test It's merits by a discharge as his domains were but six miles ia extent and the cannon would violate international amenities by sending its ball bulging into foreign country.
 The history of city defenses is one of intense interest as well As instruction. Way back in the early dawn of reliable annals when men builded their homes upon the level planes of civilization as in Babylon and Ninevah the mode of pro- tection was by an encompassing wall; but the scaling ladder and batterine-ram soon proved thefinutility of such methods and mankind sought the epediency of the acropolis: that is he repaired to the rock and heights and here he builded him a citadel. For many centuries and even today such was the vogue which obtained wherever practicable, and it often hap pened that while the city fell prey 10 the invading enemy the citadel remained intact for long time and could only be subdued by starvation. Noting the safety involved in such isolation the ancients not only placed their defenses upon a high rock, but here they also erected their temples to the gods and their treas ure houses of the community. Such noble examples as the acropolis at Athens and Nablous still remain to tell tho story oi those of old. I can recall but one excep- ton to the rule of employing a central height as the means of community s defense and that is the town of Petra just southeast of Palestine. Here the citizens built their capital in natural ampitheatre or hollow, cutting their houses in the face of the cliffs and the proposition was effective only on account of the unique character of the approach to the civic center. This approach was a narrow defile some two miles in length and so narrow that two horsemen could not ride abreast therein. The sheer sides
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-10-18
OUTLOOK FOR BIG BUSINESS
 IN ELECTRICAL SUPPLIES

Declaring that the general European war has opened world market phenom- enal in it's possibilities of expansion to manufacturers of electrical appliances. the Electrical World and Electric tau- way Journal in their latest issues. pre- dict a doubling of exports during the coming year.
 The Electrical World says the best markets for manufacturers of electrical appliances in this country have always been those countries which are now neu- trai In every case the strongest compet- itor has been Germany. where thero has been a total cessation of production. Tn England, which will be open soon again to commerce. 1t is believed. Germany has long held sway. Commenting on the pos abilities which are now open to manu- lecturers. the Electrical World says in part;
 We have fared best in the neutral markets of the world. and with the closure of the productive centers of Flu rope the cessation of aiemand there af- fects so small percentage of the si5,- 000.00o to s20.0o00oe we are sending out that it might easily be forgotten. can- ada has been one of our very best GUS
 
 markets. Japan has been a very good customer. Mexico has been a very good customer and even Rt tho present time Is taking much electrical material from us. We have also exported heavily in South America, the Cape South Africa), East Indies and China . There are latent possibilities in Italy. whose connexions with South America are far more con- siderable than is generally understood in this country, but Italy has never been a great exporter of electrical apparatus. and the whole worlds market outside of Europe and even in some of the Euro pean countries not involved in war. would appear to be ours. if we are willing to go after it.
 Commenting on the difficulties which our inadequate system of credits pre- sents the Electrical World continues:
 One of our difficulties has been the fact that generally Americans do not extend long credit in International com merce. whereas the English or German electrical apparatus. particularly the lat ter. have been sold on 12 to IS months' time. There seems to be danger in It, and 1t also seems possible for an Amer ican financial and manufacturing genius to find a better way out"
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-10-18

of the ravine lowered many hundred feet into the air and it's average width of less than 40 feet renders the daylight so feeble photograph in the passage. Engines of attack could not be drawn through the ravine and as the invading enemy were compelled to move in single line they were quickly vanquished by the inhabi- tants of Petra assembling upon the upper verge of the ravine and huring great stones and other missiles down upon the foe.
 But to return to the acropols; the rural inhabitants soon began to seek its pro- lection by building in the vicinity thereof and the result was that city eventually sprang up too extensive in area to be defended by the central fertilization and walls of rock and earth were constructed to shut out the invader. This was the germ of our modern city defenses and the continued growth of the community neces- sitated the further extension of the dam parts. Thus the old Qualifications of Vienna have been dismantled and con- verted into magnificent circular esplan- ade known as the Ringstrasse The ancient Qualifications of Paris were aban- doned as the city grew aifd in Moscow the old walls were left standing so that the place now possesses a series of seven walls and is divided into as many almost distinct and separate cities.
 It is but logical to infer that what has happened to Antwerp under the attack of the German guns will occur to any other city when similarly circumstanced or besieged by engines of warfare equally as powerful and effective as the Krupp machines so that no fertilization can any longer be regarded as imprsgnible and many an ancient fortress which has for centuries been rejoicing In a reputation for security now finds itself robbed of that prestige and as with the individual the situation Is not that of a good man gone wrong. but of bad man found out.
 This thought invites the attention to the number of existing fortresses which up to the present hour have been re- garded as inpregnable, but which regard may rest solely upon the fact that the merits of the respective forts have not been tested by subjecting them to the improved methods of warfare and mod. ern patterns of besieging machine. Be- fore Krupp gun they may crumble
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-10-18
The Doom of the Bast;on and Passing Of the Ranprt

Santa Cruz--being cut in the living rock and which since the year 1696 has stood as Brazils Gibraltar in strength and inaccessibility. Immedi- ately above rests the Fort de Pico, also hewn into the rock and whose only ap- proacn is through Santa Cruz. St. John and Lage complete the compliment or the fortifications of the bay. So far these forts have sustained their repu- tation for impregnability but they are strictly sea defenses and 1t Is scarcely just to employ them as a criterion in comparison with inland Notifications.
 But Antwerp has fallen and the fact suggests the query whether the situ- aticn presages similar fate for Paris. The capital of France was successfully invested by the Germans in 1871 but the French have learned something iron experience and the new fortifca- tions which have arisen in the place of the old ones are vastly more exten. sive and formidable than were their predecessors.
 They were reconstructed at cost of nearly $3o,e0o.0O0 The enciente pre- sents g4 bastions and Is 21 miles in length while the ramparts rise to a height of 32 feet, present parapet 1s feet high and are surrounded by a 4s-foot moat. The glacls Is said to be the most effective extant Up to within two niles of the city the environs and approaches are de- tended of IT detached forts. It Is probably worth the while to mention their names as the public will in all probability soon be reading of the investment of the re- spective defenses. They are upon the north de la Briche, Double Courenne du Nord and de rsst. On the east d'Auber- viliers, Ronainville. de Noisy. de Nogent. and de Vincennes with the accompanying redoubts of de Ia Faisanderie and de Gravelle. On the south lie de Charenton. d'Ivry. de Bicetre, de Montrouge, de vanves and dIssy while the west Is de- tended by the single fort of du Mont Val- rien. Tn addition to this formidable array there is second line of forts farther removed from the city and commanding the valley of the Seine. They embrace an area of SO square miles and protect the surban cities of Versailles, Sceaux, Villeneuve-St Georges, St. Denis, Argen- teuil. Enehien and St. Germain- en-L Lave. These forts are Cormeiles, Montlignon. Dofnon, Montmorency. Stains. Ecouen. vaujours. Chelles, Villiers Chatlllon. Butte Chaumont. Palaseatl. Villeraa. Haut-Buc, Saint Cyr, Marly, Saint
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-10-18

"These foes. they are not sahibs: they
 break the word they plight, On babes their blades are whetted, dead
 women know their might. Their princes are as sweepers whom
 none may touch or trust. Their gods they have forgotten: their
 honor trails the dust All that they had of izzat Is trodden
 under heel Into their hearts. my brothers, drive
 home. drive home the steelI'
 Copyright. 1914. by Curtis Brown)
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-10-18
Taken at His Word

At recent election the candidate was "heckled' rather badly by the local butcher. At last he grew rather tired of 1t, and hinted that the man was wasting time by asking silly questions.
 The butcher. enraged. retorted--
 "lf I had you In my sausage machine I'd make mince-meat of you"
 The candidate turned to him, mad asked. gently:
 ''Is thy servant dog that thou shouldst do this thing?"
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-10-18

Jamme, villenueve-st. Georges ard Aisre- mont.
 This indicates that the Germans will have their hands full when they reach the environs of Paris, but it often hap pens with forts as with individuals that strength does not always lie in mere numbers It is claimed that the Kaiser's army is about to introduce new guns of siege that carry 2i miles. but it will be extremely difficult to see fort much less obtain a range upon 1t at such q distance and besides the extended area of the Parisian Qualifications will enable quite large army to manenver between them and participate in their defense.
 sun it seems that the lesson learned by the fate of Antwerp Is that modern siege guns and explosives spell the doom of the bastion and passing of the rampant.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-10-18
Shape of the Ar

A New York physician who has re- gently transferred his activities to the Hub tells of Bostonian who. like most of his townsrnen. 10 . jurist in the mat ter of English and who had Occasion not long ago to consult the aforssafd doctor.
 After sscertainment of symptoms the physician said:
 What you need more than anythlnS air"
 whsfeupon the Hubite waxed ssreas- tic end inquired.
 Before we proceed further. would you mind telling me what 10 the shApo .aS frssh air7"
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-10-18
When Paris Starved

During the last siege of Paris in 1S70-7i, the craving for flesh food amongst the furnishing people was so great that prac- tically every known beast and bird was greedily devoured. says Tit Bits.
 Cat and dog butchers established thern- selves. Rat pies made their appearances. The latter, made from sewer Iats, very Int and very large, were highly esteemed although some few fastidious people ob. jected to the rnushy odor they exhaIed. stewed cat was voted not bad and era long every pussy in Paris had passed from the tiles to the saucepan.
 Prices ruled high. Rats retaiied at from to shillifgs apiece. A full grown cat. not too old. fetched 15 ehillings. A young plump dog was worth from 10 to 30 shillings. according to size and breed.
 A litter of wolf cubs born in the Jardfn des Plantcs-the Paris equivalent to our London "zoo"--averaeed 10 shilihss a pound. Afterward all the grown animale In the gardens were slaughtered for food. and there appeared on the tables of Paris restaurateurs such unaccustoined "deiica- ctes" as camel steaks. yak chops. zebra fillets, and ragout of elephant flesh.
 The carcasses of the two biggest eIs- plants. named Castor and Polux, were bought by certain M. Deboos. propris- tor of shop called the English Butch- ery' in the Avenue Friedland. He paid 27,0O0 francs for them-about E108O-at public auction, and the flesh was retailed at from f1 to E1 12s the pound. the trunk and feet fetching the highest prices.
 This establishment became sort of in- stitution during the siege. being always hung round with strange if not very sp- petizing meats. Here were to be found the plumpest pussies the tenderest dogs. the most succulent rats. M. Dcboos also had on sale at different times two ril- gaus, for which he paid a4g. couple of wapitis that cost him E1DO. besides re- bras. bufraloes. yaks. bears. wolves. etc. for all of which he paid high prices. and on all of which he made big profits.
 His best bargain, however, was little live lamb. weighing S pounds, which . franc-tireur had footed from a German advance post. He paid the lucky captor 420 for his prize. and sold 1t for E45 de rectly afterward.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-10-18

,NpoN, October s.-(spcciai Cor
 respondence.)-There has been no more thrilling event in Eng
 fish history than the loyalty of the Indian princess The an
La Junta tribune. (La Junta, Bent County, Colo.) 1881-1939, 1914-07-04
THE STORY OF LUDLOW
TOLDFOR THE FIRST TINE

The nghting At Ludlow lasted from
early Monday morning. April 20, until
late Friday evening. April "a. At
which time General Chase arrived
with the reinforcements and . truce
was declared. Monday mornine. 4
few minutes after eight O'Clock, . let.
ter was presented at headquarters 1t
Ludlow By . woman Of foreign nation.
ality. asking that her husband be
gotten out Of the tent colony. Many
times previous TO this various people
had been taken out OF the tent colony
BY troops stationed at or near Lud.
low. The Corporal. Patten. in charge
OF the train detail was sent to the
Ludlow tent colony to get this man
and In the Ludlow tent colony was
told that there was no such man in
the colony. Returning he informed
Major Hammock Of this. Major Ham.
rock called Louie Tikas. the Greek,
by phone asking him to come over to
La Junta tribune. (La Junta, Bent County, Colo.) 1881-1939, 1914-07-04

underwear and had Q bullet hole
through his breast. This Jap and the
others had worked in the mine for
about five months. About twenty
feet further on up the tram track Z
found the body Of Edward Kestlss
lying near ono Of the burning build.
inEs. Kester was lying on his hack
and tho nesh was burned Of his
legs. his head was burned an his
Flesh Burning on Limbo q unel.
Tending Citizen.
face blackened. his clothes were
burned Oh. Kestler WAS the mine
engineer about forty.ilvo yeass Of
age. married and had . wife and two
children living In Denver. He had
been working at the mine for about
La Junta tribune. (La Junta, Bent County, Colo.) 1881-1939, 1914-07-04

them on IRE, and destroyed the
property. A long time after that
there were arrests OF men made for
these acts OF arson, but II was only
because the postofIice ut the South.
western mine was destroyed at the
same time and the federal authorities
acted. The district attorney Of Las
Animas county. either through fear
or from his strike sympathies. had
neglected to do anything. The South
western was not John d. Rookie
Teller property and the improve
ments valued at sixty thousand dol
lars, were placed upon II by Mr..
Siple and his associates. AL OF this
went up In flames. entailing total
Is, Of surface improvements. .
flooding OF the mine with water. and
necessitating great future expense
In restoring the property TO working
condition.
General Chase. moved by the as
surance OF lawson and others that
they would disarm their followers as
soon as the mine guards were dis.
armed. proceeded to disarm the lat.
ter. This was easily done. as he
says in his able report Upon the
occupation Of the coal strike zone OF
Colombo" to the congressional com.
mittee. They were assembled by
their employers and promptly turned
over tho high powered rifles" And
he adds: Il carried DISARMAMENT
on with respect to the mine guards
and the employees OF tho operating
companies in every camp throughout
the entire strike zone. and speedily
and easily finished the complete dis.
Chase was promised specially by
lawson that the strikers would now
surrender their arms. Troops were !
marched TO Ludlow-the largest tent |
colony In the strike district-and they |
werc received with open arms, but |
lack OF the arms they wanted. He
continues: "Sany Of tho men were
In the strange costume OF Greek,
Montencgrin. Servian and Bulgarian
armies" His report did not include
tho battle OF Ludlow and other ter.
rtble affairs occurring after the with.
dnwal OF the troops. but that he had
precedence OF what would occur n
shown by this passage:
I'VE passed by Ludlow, occu.
pied tho Berwind and Hastings
canons. and then returned TO tho
colony 10 receive the surrender
OF tho hundreds OF hish.power
rifes ! knew the strikers to be
possessed Of. Al this point oc.
Cured the FIRST instance Of bad
faith on the part OF the striking
people. Expecting TO receive
hundreds, II not thousands, OF
arms. there were delivered into
my possession some twenty or
thirty weapons. many OF them OF
obsolete pattern. tho strikers
topping OF the humor Of the stu.
alton by including In tho delivery
OF arms o chiid's toy pop-gun.
Since that time the recovery OF
the strikers arms has been at
tended with the greatest dif!cul.
~: Il has been n game OF hide
and.scck. and while have been
able 10 recover a few nj n time.
large number OF high.power
weapons belonging TO the union.
La Junta tribune. (La Junta, Bent County, Colo.) 1881-1939, 1914-07-04
MutiIation Of Martin, Colorado
Soldier Boy.

Captain Carson arrived from Trini.
dad with about thirtysix men with
ammunition and q second machine
gun. which was in use during the
fight. Captain Carson detrained At
Rameyville and Immediately advanced
to the aid OF Lieutenant Lawrence on
Water Tank Hill. AFTER CAPTAIN
cAReoN'e ARRIVAL GENERAL At.
rEMPre WE'RE MADE ~ LIEU.
TENANT LAWRENCE TO RECOVER
MARTINS BODY BUT WITH NO
SUCCESS AND HIS BODY WAS
NOT RECOVERED UNTIL NINE
O'CLOCK THAT EVENING ~
LIEUTENANT LAWRENCE, IN A
MUTiLATED CONDITION. ee0iDg
the WOUND THROUGH THE NECK
He HAD BEEN SHOT FROM d.
REcrLv ABOVE THE BODY
THROUGH THE MOUTH. TEARING
OUT TWO TEETH AND SLOWING
OFF THE BACK OF HIS HEAD.
HIS FACE HAVING BEEN cAvE0
IN ~ THE 0UTT END OF A RIFLE,
NOSE BEING BROKEN AND HI
WAS glee0iNo At BOTH EARS.
HE HAD ALSO BEEN SHOT TWICE
THROUGH the BODY At the
WAIST.
The strikers holding . position In
the cut ON the Colorado Z South.
eastern were forced out Of this 20.
sition In the direction Of Barnes on
the d. Z r. G. about I'VE o'clock in
the afternoon. About the same time
orders were given to Captain T. G.
Lnderfelt and the officers with him
ct the Ludlow depot to aid In the tab,
Ing OF the steel bridge over the aS.
roys northwest Of the tent colony,
90 Lieutenant Benedict had been able
to force his way from the west and
occupied . position In . couple q
ranch houses about four hundrsl
yards west Of the bridge. Captain r.
c. Anderfelt with Heutenants Bigs.
low and r. J. Lnderfelt with ten
men. taking advantage Of the cover
Afforded BY the c. Z 8. e. tracks, had
been able TO take up . position Just
south Of the road going west b Hast.
ings. about seventy 70 eighty yards
southwest Of the tent colooy. About
this time Captain Carson arrived VIA
. support ard took up Q poeitioa %
The riSAt' Of Captain LlndeeSelt. Dur.
ing thi0 time they received Q vesy
hot IRE from the strikers located n
the pits In the southwest q tho tsne
coloay and those n The tat colooy
proper.
The two machine guns which haA
6eea placed. oae O The ease sSlo q
Water Tank HIN aA1 ~ cher at
the cut o. the G. Z. 3. 4 which haA
been taken. weeo firing q The steel
bridge and the ride pits along ne
south bank Of the arroya. The troops,
La Junta tribune. (La Junta, Bent County, Colo.) 1881-1939, 1914-07-04
that is located twelve miles north.
west Of Trinidad.

that is located twelve miles north.
west Of Trinidad.
On the 2sth day Of April about
i've o'clock In tho afternoon an
Italian called up his brother at the
Forbes mine from the union head.
quarters At Trinidad and told his
brother. who 10 . non.union man. that
he had better get away because the
strikers were going to come up that
night and burn up the Forbes mine.
Mr.. Nickoi said: when I received
this notice sent three men 10
tho lower end and three TO the
upper end to guard the mine
buildings. and I put the women
into the mine tunnel and sent
twelve miners there 10 protect them:
We had no mine guards whatever and
had TO depend upon volunteers. and
I and few others went to the build.
ing where the telephone was. We
guarded all night and until about
$3.50 In the morning. While standing
In front OF my house large number
OF strikers who had taken their po-
sition on the hill tops above the mine
building and dwelling houses began
firing n fusiiade OF bullets at US and