davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1914-02-12
MOUNTAIN AGRICULTURE
Conducted by Prof Frank Montgomery Instructor Animal
Husbandry, and Special Inve stgator.
CONSERVE THE BARNARD MA.
NURE SUPPLY

Every farmer realizes that alum
dant and profitable crops are i'm
possible without plant food in the
soil. Knowing this IL is astonish-
ing how many ignore the produc-
ton, proper storing, preservation
and application Of barnyard ma
nure. There are plenty Of figures
available showing that fully one
third Of the fertilizing constituents
Of stable manure are lost on the
average farm. No farmer would
buy IS tons commercial fertilizer
and deliberately throw five tons
in the brook on the way home, nor
would he stand idly by while a
ncighbor drove into his barnyard
and carted away 100 Of the 300
loads in his pile of stable dress
ing. Yet, as rule, the loss in plant
food through misuse Of the barn
yard manure is just as certain as
IN the examples mentioned. The
explanation Is that the farmer does
not actually see the loss through
teaching, unfavorable dccomposi-
ton, etc.
Experiments indicate that il an
imals are kept in stalls or pens
throughout the year and the ma
nure carefully saved, the approx
mate value Of the fertilizing con-
stitucnls of the dressing produced
by each horse or mule annually is
s27 for each head Of cattle $40, each
hog ST.. each sheep 81. These esti-
mates are based on the values US
ually assigned nitrogen, phosphoric
acid and potash IN commercial fertl-
lizer. II they seem bit high, re-
member the additional value Of ma
nure in improving the mechanical
condition and the drainage Of soils
as brought about by the increased
humus. The accompanying table
from the New York station gives a
good idea Of the value Of stable ma
nure for each 1000 pounds live
weight Of farm live stock. II is
computed on the basis that nitrogen
is worth 10 cents, phosphoric acid
cents and potash ~ cents per
mound
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1914-02-12
Pretty oidtlme Custom.

In colonial days, in this country.
the day was not called st. valen-
tines, but 1t was observed. People
made dainty little baskets. filed them
with the earliest of spring flowers.
like the trailing arbutus, and hung
them on door-knobs or bellpulls. In
the old engravings which are found
In the greatest profusion around
Richmond. Va, and Philadelphia, one
can often see the little maid of that
time In a scoop" bonnet. a lowered
muslin. and demure little black mitts.
slipping up to the old door, with its
knocker and wide "doorseat." to
hang the little basket Of flowers for
come friend.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1914-02-12

- COOPERATION among fruit
growers In the dispOsing or
~ their products has been carried
on with n relatively high de-
gree Of success for a considerable
length OF time in some Of the impor-
tant fruit districts OF the country. Ac-
cording 10 the department Of agricul'
ture. cooperative methods in selling
fruit are gradually being extended.
Many fruit growers who are able TO
so manage their orchards as to pro-
duce large crops of excellent fruit at
minimum cost fail to make their busi-
ness profitable or as profitable as the
possibilities admit, through failure to
properly dispose OF II. II Is difficult In
large numbers Of cases for Il fruit
grower whose time and energies are
taken up with the details Of produc-
Ing his crop 10 50 keep Informed with
regard to market conditions and mar
keting methods rs To enable him TO
dispose OF his crop to the best advan-
tage. IL Is as important TO meet the
-, :,
.'a,Nc' .o,u.''',s ,"n' "'lu 49,,
~! % "
-, -. .... -,
their crops directly to the retailer
&c., hos 80 oar,,..,, 80, q, . h,si,oss
M ,na,,,,ar 4, ,,s,,,I,, ,r,,.,., s,,o,.oss
,rr NJ -, en-, ,,,',,,i,,,,,,,,,,, ho,.
- ., 4, ,,a'.,'..',.,.,. e.. ,',,t, ,.,,,,..,,...
90 ,,ioo, ,,,,t Ga, r,,,iI,. ,,,,,,i,, h,,,
orst class mo,orl,I ana /, 20 oni,o In,
nor,,nt that no sb,uIJ h. obIn IN fpr
n,sb f, con,iru,us sunnIv In order that
tho demands of tho rot,iIer,s custom.
ers may no m.t without Interruntiop
Largo Quantities of fruIt ara dIsnos.
eJ OF through commission merchants
This method does NOT always nrove
satisfactory for reasons which are VA.
riously attributed 10 the systom itself
10 tho middIemon somatimes IN the
purchaser az the fruit and I'm some in
stances the uuoIitv M tho nroduct fur-
nIsbed tho commission man en,ers into
the consideration
Fruit growers are hotter orpanized
and n lnrr,r nroportIon M tbem ore
members of some co-oner,,Ive ossocio.
tion I'm the western fruit districts than
In other nortions M tho TnItad Stotes
Whore n co-onerotive ossociotIop 10
well managed and tho members are
IoyoI n has nroyed as n rula n salts
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1914-02-12
LOVE IS never BLIND
Little God May Do Strange
Things, but His Eyesioht 10
Of the Best.

n EFORE Miriam became engaged TO
II marry Fred she had heard much
and read more about love. Love"
is this; love" Ia that; love" Ia the
other thing. Love" gives all; love"
demands sacrifices; love" spells hap
piness: love" means misery, and SO
on through long list Of possible and
impossible conditions.
Being a perfectly normal man, Fred
had certain faults.
Some Of them we're glazing, but Mir.
lam, IL she saw them at all, forgave
them because she loved him.
A friend said: Miriam, I don't see
how you can endure Fred. He's so
full Of faults. But suppose love is
blind and you don't notice his short.
comings."
Then It was that Miriam consulted
Aunt Anna.
is love blind, auntie, dear?" said
she. "Or does II give one an insight
into the real charm and goodness un-
seen by others?"
That depends, child, upon the kind
OF love, and also upon the individ-
ual.
Surely from the many insists. the
many unsuitable matches we see, I
am inclined to say that love is not
only blind, but deaf and dumb as well
you remember, my dear, Jim Mer.
lin. an avowed worshiper of beauty,
married Ellen Short, one Of the home
Hest girls in the village.
We see beautiful women margins
perfect frights-coarse, ignorant men
and one scarcely can pick up a pa
per but one sees story OF an heiress
clipping with chauffeur or groom, q
boy marrying a woman old enough to
be his grandmother, or q sweet young
debutante selling herself to the an
cient millionaire"
1T seems to me the only way we
can account for these vagaries Of senti-
ment is that Cupid has suddenly been
struck blind, or a long-distance tele-
scope enables him to see charms and
projections in individuals that are quite
invisible to the rest Of the world" re-
piled the younger.
Miriam, you have often said Of your
own friends: I cannot tell what on
earth she sees In that man to love;
he's such an impossible person No
doubt some of your friends say the
same thing Of you and Fred.
Thus we 60 on bordering over this
mystery Of love-love that comes with
out invitation, and sometimes goes we
know not where.
Il think, dear. the truth of the mat
ter is that love between a man and
woman is purely a matter Of attrac-
ton, and that neither eyesight nor
Judgment plays any part whatever.
I'VE love or we hate by instinct. It
is not a matter Of head, but of the
heart.
"A woman may observe in q man
every admirable quality, yet she can
not love him; yet the man who pos
sesses many faults which she plainly
sees may win her love without even
trying to.
Men, you know, are curious ami
mails. One may pass by a woman who
is endowed with all the virtues, the
accomplishment and the charm of
femininity, yet will marry a crude lit
tie butterfly Of fashion with no claim
either to good looks or wisdom"
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1914-02-12

In the form OF constitutional govern
ment. with the help OF his mighty
compatriots. and thus surpassed
Cromwell. he also marks for US
stage In the evolutionary process by
which a Lincoln. with his emancipa'
ton proclamation. is an immediate
prophecy.-Carl Schurz In McClure's
Magazine.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1914-02-12
The Corn Rootworm,

Bulletin No. 8 Of the department OF
agriculture states that one Of the most
destructive pests known TO the west
ern corn6eld is the corn rootworm. II
is about the size OF the striped cucum-
Der beetle, has a yellOwish green color
and black eyes. II Is stated that the
insect is easy TO control under crop
rotation methods
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1914-02-12

Nobody must underestimate the
worth OF the event known as the
proclamation OF emancipation, by
Abraham Lincoln. Il was the newt
able and, therefore. timely manifesto
ton OF a worldwide evolutionary
process in the realm OF human ideas
and sentiment. II Washington made
real the Declaration OF Independence
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1914-02-12

ness are around him; his pavilion is
dark waters and thick clouds: Justice
and judgment are the establishment Of
his throne. and truth shall go be
fore his face!
Fellow Citizens: God reigns and
the government at Washington livesi"
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1914-02-12
Tho Day Lincoln Was Shot.

April Is. 1865. James A. Garfield.
from the balcony Of the New York
custom house. quieted a mob frenzied
by the news OF President Lincoln's as
sassination by this brief and remark
able utterance:
Fellow Citizens: Clouds and dark
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1914-02-12
Value OF Manure
per 1900 lbs. live weight

Most farmers realize when they
sell meat. milk, grain, hay. fruits,
etc, that they are removing plant
food from the soil. which, If not re-
placed 10y proper methods of farm
management viii soon So deplctc
the SOIL that profitable crops cannot
be raised. For example, when a
farmer sells one ton hay there goes
with fcrtlllLiug ingredients. which,
II bought. would cost him $40. II
he sells one ton wheat there goes
with IT s1.9i worth of plant food
from the soil Hence, it is the bust
ness of the farmer to see that this
plant food is replaced either III the
form Of commercial fertilizer or by
feeding the crops on the farm to
live stock aud IN manure properly
handled returned To the soil. So
ancient and So often repeated is this
that 1t is surprising how many
farmers ignore the facts.
The accompanying table shows
the amount and value of ferlilizing
constituents carried away from the
soil IN some crops:
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1914-02-12
Manuriai Value Of Farm Products.

In this connection there is good
reason for urging the growing OF
more leguminous crops such as
beans, peas, clovers, vctch, etc; ev-
en- rye or buckwheat plowed under
play an important part in restoring
the productiveness OF the soil, but
this is another story. Another fun
damcntal error is ignoring that the
most valuable part of the barnyard
manure is the urine, since IL carries
more than half Of the nitrogen and
potash. Yet il is the portion most
commonly lost to the soil. Further
more, the plant food is in the most
available form.
Causes Of Manure Loss.
There are two chief causes Of the
deterioration Of manure: First, fer
mentation, whereby nitrogen, either
as ammonia or in the gaseous state,
is set free, and second, weathering
or teaching which involves a loss Of
the soluble fertilizing constituents.
In the first case the loss from de-
structive fermentation may be
largely prevented by the use of
proper absorbents and by keeping
the manure moist and compact.
The Ohio station experimental
with the use Of Underground phos-
phatic rock, commonly called floats,
with kainit, with land plaster or
gypsum and with acid phosphate
for absorbents. Yields we're mate
rally increased in all cases as COM
pared with untreated manure and
acid phosphate seemed to have the
advantage. In other experiments
loan and muck have given desira-
bic results.
Loss from teaching may be pre-
vented by proper storage under COW
or or in water-tight pits. Extremes
Of moisture and temperature are to
be avoided, a uniform and moderate
fermentation is the object sought. To
this end mix the manure from the
different animals thoroughly in one
heap.
Where Improvement of the chem
zeal condition Of the soil is the par
ticular object sought, fresh manure
is best adapted for this purpose TO
heavy soils and well-rotted manure
for light soils II quick fertilizing
action is desir@l, 1t is best 10 apply
fresh manure on light soils. although
car' must be used that an excess
does not cause burning out of the
soil IN dry seasons. Fresh manure
has forcing effect, hence is best for
garden truck. forage plants, cereals
and fruits. Direct application TO
root crops like bccts and potatoes is
injurious.
The Massachusetts station tested
the best time and method of apply
ing barnyard manure and found
spring application gave better yields
IN all cases. However, the differ
cncr was not sufficient to cover the
larger cost of the extra handling as
result of hauling the manure from
the stable To the field during the
winter and putting it into large,
compact heaps ready for spring APP
plication. Winter application on a
gentle slope resulted in small loss
of plant food as compared with
spring, but the gain in crop was not
sufficient TO pay for the extra cost
of apnlying i'm the spring
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1914-02-12

y COOPERATION among fruit
growers In the disposing OF
- their products has been carried
on with n relatively high de-
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1914-02-12
INTERNATIONAL
SUNDMS01OOL
LESSON

by v. q. SELLERS, Director OF Evening
Department.. the Moody Bible Institute.
ChicaRo)
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-10-20
SUBURBAN ELEVENS.
IN THE LIMELIGHT.
Much Interest Centred in Inn
portant Clash Between SO.
Orange and IrvingtOn.
HIGH SCHOOL ACTIVITIES

Once in a while the suburban foot
ball teams come in for a big share of
the limelight on the gridiron. The
big high and the prep. school eleVens
with their important games have
rather overshadowed the little fell
lows" but Fridays game between
Irvington High School and South Or
ange High School will undoubtedly
come in for a big share of attention
from the schoolboy followers. When
Irvington and South Orange clash it
is a case of yale meeting Princeton"
only in a smaller degree. lrVington
feels quite elated since it scored a
victory over st. Peters Prep. Coaches
Weeds and Walltropp have been work.
ing hard with the squad and the game
Mt Irvington Saturday promises to
develop into a hard-fought battle.
South Orange has its Captain Kirk
and Tom Fitzsimmons. two fast boys
who have been doing great work on
the gridiron for their school team in
previous games.
Irvington's chances were considera-
bly, strengthened yesterday when
Frank Duelly, husky boy, returned
to school. Duelly played football last
year and is a hard man on the line.
The same Iryington team which de-
feated st. Peters Prep. last week,
viii take the field against South Or
ange. Duelly will probably play
part of the contest Irvington expects
much from it's backield, composed of
Fellow, Cairns. Rehing and Greene.
Rehing is considered a grad line
plunger, while Greene's llie 5ag has
helped the team in previous battles.
The contest is expected to draw big
crowd
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-10-20

Willie Fernie. Of Troon, has seen
four of his sons join the colors
All over England and Scotland
the golf clubs have been deprived
of their employees, who have enlisted,
and In most cases the clubs have
arranged to provide for the fami-
lies of those employees who have
gone to the front. Stewards, green
necessary to the well-being of q golf
club are enlisting from nearly every
club in Great Britain.
In some cases troops are using
the golf courses as drill grounds.
among them the famous Hoylake
course near Liverpool, one of the
six over which the British cham
pionship is played and the home
links of Harold H. Hilton and John
Ball. Many clubhouses have been
turned into hospitals for the
wounded. Regular competitions
have been abandoned by most clubs.
though the practice of holding events
and turning over the entry foes to
the Prince of Wales fund has taken
a strong hold. In fact. q special
medal Of trifiing value has been de-
signed for the winners of these
competitions. Other clubs have
started subscription lists for the
various relief funds and the golfers
have contributed substantial
amounts.
British golf undoubtedly will suffer
as a result of the war, but It will
suffer because the golfers are doing
what they can to serve their nation
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-10-20

OF 1852, half dollars of 1914, 1881, 1854
and a Columbian half dollar of 1898?
OLD COINS.
Your penny of 1857 is valued at
Is cents; your three-cent piece is
worth cents, while your half dol
lars of 1914 and 1881 are valued at
SO cents apiece. No premiums are
listed on your other coins
j. p. N.
A was nineteen years old his last
birthday, December 8. Is he in his
nineteenth or twentieth year?
A is IN his twentieth year.
J. p. N:
Please furnish me with a name for
a class club. ANXIOUS.
Why not take the number of pu-
pills in the class and use the Greek
name of the numeral?
O.
j. P. NJ:
Is ii lawful to shoot blackbirds in
New Jersey?
ZIP, THE HUNTER.
II is not lawful to shoot blackbirds
in this State.
J. p. N:
Please tell me the value of one
dollar gold piece dated 1854.
A small gold dollar dated 1854 is
valued at $1.S5.
j. p. N.
In what year and month did Dave
White graduate from East Side
High School? ANXIOUS.
Dave White did not graduate from
East Side.
]. P. NJ:
How can mend a rubber hot-water
bag? MRS. A. b. ,.
You might try a rubber cement that
can be purchased at any cycling or
automobile supply house.
c.
J. p. N.
What are the premiums on pennies
of 1872. 1903 and a half dime of 1857?
JAKE.
Your penny dated 1872 is valued at
from ten to fifty cents. The coin
dated 1903, from five to fifteen cents.
There is no premium listed on your
half dime.
J. p. N.
Are there any premiums on a half
dime Of 1850 and a three cent of 1865?
ABE c..
Your coins are of no premium value.
J.'P. NJ:
Is there any premium on half dol
lar of 1851? j. X.
If your half dollar is confederate
coin it is worth 81.
]. p. N:
What is the premium on half dol
lar of 1886? HARDUP.
II your half dollar has milled edge
it is valued at So.
j. p. NJ;
How can I remove mildew from a
white lace dress? G. b.
Wet the stained spots with lemon
Juice and then rub in as much salt as
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-10-20
VERT GOT HIS SPEED
DELIVERING ORDERS
Was Butcher Boy in Italy When
He Learned to Ride
Bicycle.
RISE HAS BEEN VERY RAPID

From mere butcher boy to a
champion eyclist has been the rapid
rise of Francesca Verri. the clever
and speedy Italian rider. The elder
Verri was a prosperous butcher In
Mantova, Italy, and it was Frances
co.'s duties to deliver the orders to the
customers of the Verri meat shop
One other cycling champion was
butcher boy. That champion was Ed
die Bald the Buffalo boy, and Verri
may have read of Bald's success and
followed in his footsteps.
As an aid to young Verri in COW
ering the meat route speedily. there
by getting more work out of the
youngster, the elder Nerri supplied
the errand boy with a bicycle. After
mastering the wheel it was not long
before Francesca was inoculated wi
the speed germ. He entered in and
won number of races for boys in
and around his home town. At the
age of eighteen he was considered the
champion of the province In which ho
lived. he having beaten all other as
pirants for cycling honors. His earlier
success made a deep impression with
his father, and the latter encouraged
his son to compete in the better class
of races in the larger cities. That waG
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-10-20

in 1905, and on his first trip away
from home he scored many wins
against the best men of Italy.
During 1906 Verri rode so well that
he was freely touted as being the
coming man of Europe" In the
course of that year, a year which
meant much to the Italian, he won,
the amateur championship of his
country, the titular race at the Olym-
pic games at Athens, the amateur
grand prize of Paris, and finished UP
by accounting for the amateur cham
pionship of the world at Geneva,
Switzerland, in the final of which he
defeated Delage and. Rondelli two
speedy amateurs from France.
After winning the highest honors in
amateur cycling Verri elected to try
his luck among the professionals, and
turned to that division after winning
the Geneva title event. The Italian
continued his winning streak even
among the better riders, and in 1907
he won the professional sprint cham
pionship of Italy, repeating as con-
sistently as has Frank Kramer in thisA
country. From the time that Verri
won his first professional champion
ship until 1912 he accounted for the
title. In 1918 he was in this country
and did not compete in the race. This
season lie WAS u6lGdltu III liit iliidl W
Amedeo Polledri and the margin OF
victory was about two centimeters.
Two weeks after being defeated by
Polledri in the Italian championships
he met the new champion and Emil
Friol. the French sprinter, in a match
and defeated both of them in straight
heats. UP until the war broke out in
Europe in July Verri had won more
races in ITALY than any other rider.
and despite the fact that Polledri had
beaten him In the championship he
was looked upon as the real cham
pion.
Verri came to this country about
the middle of the 1918 racing season.
he being under contract to the Cycle
Racing Association for races at the
Velodrome and other tracks controlled
by them. During the sprinting sea-
son he registered wins in match races
over Joe Fogier, Frank Cavanagh and
Alfred Grenda.
The famous italian will soon be in
America, he having sailed from
Genoa, Italy, last Wednesday on the
steamer Roi d'Italia, and he Is due
here next week. He is coming to
compete in the coming New York six
day race, and will also be among the
competitors in the races run at the
Saturday sprint meet, which always
precedes a six-day grind, while he will
in all probability be matched against
Kramer for the sprint meet.
Last year he started in the Madison
Square Garden six-day race With
Maurice Brocco, the gallery gods f.
vorite. They were tied at the finish
and Verri, who was doing the sprint
ing for the team, finished fifth aftsr
a rough ride by Fred Hill; but for the
rough ride that Verri received he
would no doubt have finished better
than he did. and his chances of talk
ing first money were good, but the
foul riding killed all chances he had.