Bisbee daily review., 1914-03-12


 Jerersons committee. in preparing instructions t' Benjamin Franklin and other commissioners who were sent abroad to negotiate treaties laid the foundation the treaty policy of the United States, which has ber followed consistently since. The Hay.Pauncefot, treaty directly in line with this policy
 At that time all the nations were following tho eighteenth century policy of discrimination and monop oily. Each European country held as a monopoly tho trade of it's colonies English trade with India held as monopoly by the East India company and France Holland and other countries had similar colonial monop oes. Each country discrimnated in its home ports against foreign ships both in ship tonnage taxes in tari duties one of grievances against England cited in the Declaration of Independence flor ting off trade with all parts of the world" Only English built ships at this tme could carry American third the shipping under the British flag had been built n the American Colonies
 The draft for treaty. reported by Jenersons com mittee and adopted by the Continental Congress, pro posed exact equality in all rights of navigation in our ports and waters if France treaty countries would give equivalent rights in their ports see Secret Journal. Continental Congress)
 The commercial treaty. entirely separate from the treaty of alliance negotiated with France in 177s. ried this policy The countries adopted the basis their commercial "the perfect equality reciprocity carefully avoiding all those bur densome preferences which usually sources of de bate, embarrassment and discontent" We might have been expected to accord France exclusive preferen tal rights in trade. for the support she but conceded nothing except equality.
 
 ships until 1s15 when treaty of commerce and navi gation" negotiated which abolished all discrimna oas in tonnage taxes and tariff dn os. rns treaty re mains in effect the present time. and is of the great treaties" of the United which form the bas is of modern pertaining to commerce navigation.
 The English treaty of 1915 only provided for equality in the direct trade between England and the United States a series of treaties negotiated with other European countries the last of them under President Jackson's administration the American policy adopt ed by the world as the basis for indirect we'll d rect trade. We had a little furry with France in 1920 and again in 1869 when that country attempted to dis crimnate against American ships, but in both we brought France quickly time by retaliation against French ships
 All our commercial treaties contain most favored nation" clause which links them together and gives all treaty nations the benefit of any phrase clause in treaty with any country One of the most precise Of old in the matter of discrimination is the Austrian treaty of 1929 which is s in effect It says:
 Article IL Austrian vessels arriving, either laden or in ballast in the ports of the United States of America and reciprocay vessels of the United States arriving either laden ballast in the ports of the Dominons of Austria shall be treated their entrance, during their stay and their departure upon the same foot ing as national vessels coming from the place. with respect to the duties of tonnage lighthouses plotage and port charges. well to the fees and perquises of public officers and all other duties charges o whatever kind or denomina-ion Ievred in the name or to the profit government, the local authorities or of any private establishment whatsoever