The Alaska daily empire., 1914-08-29
EIeotlne a Pope By Gertrude B. M.llsas
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 Across the leagues of war-razed Eu- rope. and thence beyond the seas, per chance even in company with some message of fearful import for one of the warning nations, sped the sum- mons to the Sacred College of Cardin- als. issued on the twentieth of August by Dean Vanutelll. The messages were delayed longer than is the usual custom, owing to the circumstance that Cardinal Vanutelli was in Naples when the news of the Pope's serious condition reached him.
 The Italian government has guaran- teed the safety of the Cardinals es- sembled in Rome, as well as the facil- tiles arranged for the foreign cardin- als, who. having diplomatic privileges, are enabled to travel in security on special trains through belligerent ter ritory.
 The exact date of the conclave has not yet been set, but 1t win in all prob ability take place within the next week. There has been some discus sion as to a place of meeting, some fayoring Rome, in accordance with the usual custom, and others Holland on account of it's greater certainty of neutrality in the war.
 The Sacred College Of Cardinals was founded in the early part of the 11th century, though it was at that time the outgrowth of the Council of Clergy which had existed years earlier This | College was at first composed of the higher clergy of Rome only, later oth CT Italians were admitted, and finally l 1t included foreign clergymen. The importance of the Cardinals as an or ganized body dates from 1059, when the chief part in papal elections was charged to them. In the early church the Pope had been chosen, like any bishop. by the clergy and people oi his diocese; but under Charlemagne the three 0ttos and their successors the Emperor practically appointed tc the office, The decree of 1O59 chang ed the Papal constitution, in effect, bJ providing that the real selection ot the Pope should be in the hands ot the College of Cardinals, that is, ir the hands of the Pope's own clerica council, each cardinal having one vote.
 The election of Hildebrand was however, irregular, and not in accord ance with the decree, which in its mediaeyal wording invoked diretu penalties against all who disobeyed it Assembled for the funeral services of the late Pope, the people raised tho cry, Let Hildebrand be our bishopH One of the cardinals turned ,to then and recalled how much, -Hildebrand had done for the church<5nd for Rome since the days of Le5IX. On all sides the cry was then raised Saint Peter crowns Hildebread as Pope!" And ir spite of his resistance, Hildebrand was arraysd in the scarlet robe, crown ed with the papal tiara. and seated +in the chuir of St. Peter. As Pope he took the name of Gregory the Seventh in memory of his early patron. 1 It was during the reign of Stephen III, in 769. that the enactment was passed which provided for the elect ion of the Pope by the cardinals. The enactment, quoted from Mansi, XII 71s, is as follows:
 "It is necessary that our
 Mistress the Holy Roman
 Catholic Church be governed
 properly, and in accordance
 the precedents established by
 St. Peter and his successors,
 and that the Pope be chosen
 from the cardinal priests or
 cardinals deacons. c. iv. No
 one, whether layman or clergy
 man, shall presume to be made
 Pope unless he has risen
 through the regular grades at
 least to the rank of cardinal
 deacon or has been made a