davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-07-27
Progress in the Kitchen.

From the New York Times.
The fact that a thing has always
been done in a certain way-the mere
precedent-limits originality and halts
progress. For example: In a recent
issue of the Survey the question why
kitchen sinks have been made so low
was discussed. No one seems able to
explain. Finally, a certain maker dis
covered that the original sinks were
made when the washing of dishes
and other sink-work was done In
wooden tubs with high sides. Such a
tub, when used in high sink. came
up too far so the sink was made low.
Furthermore, as running water and
fixed faucets had not long been made,
the tub had to be lifted out of the
sink, and the lower the sink the light
err the lift
Though improvements in faucets,
difhpans and other accessories of
kitchen sinks have been made, no one
has seemed 10 realize that the sink
coald be improved by raising. So
women were-Hnd are-compelled to
endure discomfort when doing their
ordinary household work There may
be a certain percentage of inconve-
nience to be reached before the hu-
man mind grasps the fact that some
thing must be altered.
1.-The wise inventor" says the Jour-
MI of the American Medical Acsoeia-
tHni, "attains reputation for brill
n4aicy by making his invention be-
fere the need becomes obvious to 9TH
ers."
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-07-27

The Black Diamond, the official
organ of the coal trade, says:
President Wilson said, a short time
ago, that the depression In business
was mainly psychological; It was a
matter of sentiment. Today there is
psychological Improvement in the
coal business. The undertone of the
market--if there can be such thing
lis a little better. Coal men have
little more faith in the future, even
though orders are no heavier than
they have been. There Is a little in
tangible something in the air of the
coal offices which leads even conser-
vative men to say that the prospects
are brighter.
1t is hard to find, by a careful
SCRUTINY of all markets, any point
where there is any heavier buying
of coal The anthracite coal pro-
ducers mined coal at lively pace
between the first of April and the
first of July. Then output fell below
normal and has been sliding back a
little at time throughout this month
The trade in all the Eastern markets
is taking less coal than is customary
at this time of the year, and the
Western markets afford the anthra-
cite producers no relief In most
places price concessions are made to
induce a livelier movement, but with
out realizing the desired results. The
mine realization on Eastern Ship
ments is maintained, despite price
cutting, by the fact that tidewater
freights have rur{off.
Bituminous business in the East Is
far below normal The steam plants
have been running ON less than half
time. Being flooded with offers OF
coal the prices have run off.
One statement of the lake trade ex-
plains, in the main, the lack of vigor
in that department The Ohio opera
tors believe that despite the fact the
mines have been shut down for four
months they have not lost any bust
ness in the Northwest. The coal held
over from last season has taken care
of the trade UP to now. This ex-
plains why neither shippers nor yes
sci owners have been active in for
warding coal to the upper lake docks.
In the Pittsburgh district, two sit
uations are seen which make their
own suggestions. In the first place,
the river is now below the boating
stage and no relief is expected for
two months. Then million bushels OF
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-07-27
A BETTER SNAKE HILL.

Secretary Stonaker of the State Charities Aid
Association, submits some pertinent suggestions to
the Hudson freeholders about the management of the
county institutions at Snake HILL In the first place,
he sensbly suggests that the name be changed to
euphonic and he points out that the hill is val
liable county and is becoming most attractive
oasis in the centre of marsh lands" and become
beautiful institution colony.
The utter lack of system in the management is
shown in the multiplicity of light and power and
heating plants each with its separate force and store
houses all over, with stewards independent
of each other. Mr.. Stonaker points to the neglected
waste land and shows how it be reclaimed and
make park by the labor of prisoners for whom
there is occupation, for the benefit of the in
sane patients. There is work enough there says
Mr.. Stonaker, ito keep the penitentiary prisoners
busy for the next ten years" But will the Hudson
freeholders heed these common-sense suggestions?
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-07-27
OPINIONS AND VIEWS FROM THE EXCHANGES

business game, for what salesman
has not been repeatedly informed that
in order to succeed he must .culti-
xate pleasant appearance?u The
idea is sometimes carried TO ludicrous
extreme, as when, not long ago,
receiver appointed to take charge of
the affairs of concern which could
not possibly pay more than 10 cents
on the dollar was aStounded upon
entering thu Office TO find a neatly
framed card bearing the legend,
Business is Good
The wave of success sermons, which
washed over the country a few years
ago, seems to be mainly responsible
for the doctrine Of optimism. Young
men starting out in the world were
urged to take life seriously, to fight
for supremacy in their chosen line
with every ounce of vitality they
could summon. A magazine was
started to further the success at-any-
price idea, and the editors made its
battle cry Optimism" It failed for
the simple reason that it followed its
own preaching. 1t takes more than a.
benignant face to keep this world in
order. The magazine found this out,
and 1t is not unlikely that great
many of those who gave heed to its
counsel have suffered like fate.
AT present the fad for optimism has
made serious inroads upon the supply
of pessimists. Weak kneed pessimists
are becoming converted. They are
cultivating the winning smile, the
ever-twinkling eye of the professional
optimist, and they are making fools
of themselves. Therein lies the danger
in leaping at passing fads. And many
would be optimists wake up to find
that while their lips have smiled even
in the face of death, their hearts have
continued to look gravely upon the
world, and instead Of a smile they
have developed smirk.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-07-27

Probably the two most memorable
women of the French Revolution are
Marie Antoinette and Charlotte Cor
day. Marie Antoinette, the Ill
starred queen, was an unwilling VIC
tim to the fury of the Paris mob,
but Charlotte Corday, the one hun.
dred and forty-sixth anniversary OF
whose birth is celebrated today, Will
fully and deliberately entered INTO
the maelstrom of the revolution ana
committed the crime which brought
her to the guillotine and made ner
name rank as that of a heroine.
Charlotte Corday's name in full was
Marie Anne Charlotte Corday dsAr-
mans She was born In noble
French family and was educated IN
the seclusion of a convent in Nor
mandy. But in spite of her seclusion,
she was not Obvious Of the great
forces at work In France at the time
or of the principles set forth in the
revolutionary writings that preceded
the outbreak of the revolution. me
works of Noltaire were her constant
companion, and through the writings
of Rousseau she became an ardent
sympathizer with the revolutionists
But with the coming of the Reign
of Terror in Paris, Charlotte Corday
became as bitterly opposed to the
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-07-27
Mexico S Regeneration

Americans, law, order, church and
school house, individual freedom and
all that goes to make civilization.
Right to the south lined up, the
one in view of the other, is the adobe
hut, the half clad, half fed, disor-
ganized Mexican peon, whose labor,
lands and possessions are the prey in
turn of various ruling families and
so-called landed proprietors.
There is only one solution. The
northern civilization has got to PEN
citrate into that country and lift that
labor into its proper place in civili-
cation. The work was begun when
the railroads from the north entered
and the Mexicans began to handle
machinery on the railways and in
the mines. The wages which had
been BIN cents a day in silver be-
came first so cents in gold. then
dollar, and then on to So per day in
American gold as skill was mani
tested and value shown for the
money. From the railways, the
the beginnings of the middle class,
which will be the regeneration of
Mexico.
1.-THE United States must go in and
police that country and build UP that
middle class
Mexico is one of the richest coun-
tries in the world and will in time
pay all the bills.
1.-THE land question can be easily
settled by resting the taxation upon
the land. That will put both labor
and land at work, and 1t will not be
material as to who holds the titles in
the beginning, for with the tax rest
ing on the land, rather than on the
labor the land problem will solve
itself.
1.-THE United States has made the
right beginning at Vera Cruz. 1t has
cleaned up the port and everybody
there is singing the praises of the
Americans.
when $4,000 American boys have
policed and disarmed Mexico and
given labor the opportunity to work
and develop itself, 1t is only a ques-
ton of time when the country will
take it's right place.
1.-THE American boys can do the
job in six months or a year. The
more men to go about 1t in the be-
ginning the quicker it will be done.
In less than a year the Americans
will be the most welcome people in
Mexico.
without such Intervention one
reigning family will succeed another,
Just as the family of Madero sue
ceeded the family of Diaz, and in
thirty days thereafter 127 of the Ma
deros were in office and the warfare
between the ms and outs has been
continuous ever since"
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-07-27
Strict Laws Of War

after rejoining the army to which he
the enemy must be treated as a
prisoner of war and incurs no re Z
sponsibility for his previous acts or
espionage.
To compel the population of oc-
cupied territory to take part in mil
itary operations against its own
country.
To bring pressure upon the popu-
lation of occupied territory to take
the oath to the hostile power.
To confiscate private property.
All of these specific prohibitions are
based on the declaration that the
right of be1ligerents to adopt means
of injuring the enemy is not unlimit-
ed" Special provisions are made to
compel the humane treatment of
prisoners. 1t is also provided that
advance warning must be given,
wherever possible, to the peaceful In
habitants of town before lombard
ment is begun. In seizures and bonn
bardment it Is also commanded that
''all necessary steps should be taken
to spare as far as possible ediflces
devoted to religion, art, science and
charity, hospitals and places where
the sick and wounded are collected,
provided they are not used at the
same time for military purposes" II
is further stipulated that family
honors and rights, individual lives
and private property, as well as re-
ligious convictions and liberty must
be respected. "--Leslie's Weekly
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-07-27
Brazil Is Coffee's Home

Two-t thirds or more of the coffee
consumed in the United States comes
from Brazil. Our imports from that
country in 1913 amounted to some
thing over 625,0oO,O0o pounds, having
value at the ports of entry of $73,-
$50, 430. The American Union,
Washington, D. c., publishes in its
latest descriptive pamphlet on Brazil
an interesting sketch of coffee and
its cultivation. In this account it is
stated that coffee derives its name
from the city of Kaffa, in Abyssinia,
in which country it is believed that
the coffee tree originated. Its botani-
cal name is Coffea Arabica, because
it was first cultivated in Arabia for
use in making the beverage. A natu-
raj coffee plant grows into a
tree fourteen to eighteen feet
high, having a long and slender
trunk, without limbs on the lower
part. The plant has numerous thin
roots growing deep into the earth.
and one central or tap root going
straight down and almost as long as
the tree is high. When cultivated,
however, the plant is generally not
allowed to grow beyond six feet in
poor and eight feet IN rich soil, in
order to facilitate it's cultivation and
the gathering of the crop.
Healthy coffee trees produce in the
axilla of each leaf from twelve to six
teen buds, which in Towering have an
exquisite perfume These flowers be-
come dark and wither and fall off in
two or three days, leaving groups of
seeds on the small stems. These. in
turn, grow into the coffee berries,
which closely resemble dark red cher
ries. Each berry contains two seeds,
growing face to face, and these are
| the coffee beans of commerce.
The plant fiourishes best In we'll
watered sections in sub-tropical eli
| mate at. an elevation of 1900 to 5000
| feet, and in rich soil. All these ele-
ments are found to perfection in Bra
iii, especially in the four States OF
Sac Paulo, Rio de Janeiro. Espirito
| Santo and Minas Geraes, whose com.
bined areas cover about one-sixth oil
| the vast domain of the republic. This
region produces about four-fifths oil
the worlds supply of coffee.
The practise of coffee drinking en-.
countered for long time the opposi.
ton of sovereigns and straight LACED
society, partly on political, partly or
religious grounds, but in spite of tina
it made its way slowly across the Ok
World from Arabia. through Asia
Minor, northern Africa and Turkey
The first coffee house was opened II
London in 1862, and about the sam,
time Paris took up the habit. TIL,
first coffee grown in Europe was
the result Of experiments by F'rencl
and Dutch botanists. The Dutch in
troduced it into Java, while thu
French took it into the West Indies
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-07-27
NEW NEWS OF YESTERDAY
Watching the Course of a Shell

his orders were so to be construed as
to bring about a fight. Soon an order
came back from him directing me to
withdraw to within our first parallel
and there to wait further orders.
.Tt was a beautiful night and l was
especially interested in watching the
movement of the great shells dis
charged from the Confederate bat
terry. / could follow them by the
burning of their fuses, which gave
a bright light. At last I saw a shell
high in the air which seemed to me
to be likely to drop somewhere near
where we were. OF course, you have
to think quickly at such time, and
I did think quickly, for I was GER
tain that the shell would drop pretty
near my feet. So 1 stepped first one
side and then another, still intensely
interested in observing the flight of
great shell through the air. / learned
that the most careful observation
would not make it possible to
fix upon the place where the shell
would drop, an observation which l
afterward thought OF when l saw
twice what proved to be great cy-
clones approaching a point where l
was. 1t was of no use to dodge. The
shell came down directly in front of
my command and burst just as it
touched the ground, so accurately
had the fuse been timed by the Con-
federate gunners. 1t was tremen-
dous explosion. Twelve or thirteen
of my men were wounded and one
was killed instantly
1T is instructive with soldiers to
attempt to dodge with the swiftness
of thought the approach of one of
these great shells. But I never knew
case where a prejudgment of the
course of a shell and its landing place
was ever accurate"
Copyright, 1914. by DIR. E. J. Ed
wards. All rights reserved.)
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-07-27
The Coal Situation

coal are tied up in the pools waiting
movement. This will block the river
traffic for some time. In the second
place, the sale of coke has been de- :
layed until now, but has started up
with some vigor especially in the
contracting department. The buyers
have been holding off for reduced
price; the producers have been ask
ing fairly stiff price. The two ap-
pear to have compromised on some
thing approaching middle ground and
last half business has started to move.
It is slow as yet.
In all of the Western and Middle
Western markets the story is about
the same. The buying of domestic
coal is almost at standstill. Sew
eral reasons are advanced in ex-
PLANTATION of this stagnation. But,
whatever the reason, the fact remains
the same-the coal Is not moving. In
one quarter, it is said that the house
holders are far more interested in
summer outings than they are in the
winters supply of coal. In another
quarter it is said that the people
would buy, but they have not the
money. In a third quarter, it is said
that the retail dealers have neither
interest in nor money with which to
buy coal In fourth quarter, it IL
said that even should the dealers buy
coal now they could not get it I'M
loaded because the farms have alb
sorbed all the available supply Of
labor.
It is thus easy to go from East to
West and to find everywhere the same
story, namely, the movement of coal
is now and has been extraordinarily
light.
In the face of this none-too- assur-
ing fact, reports are becoming per-
sistent that the railroads are going to
be short of cars this fall 1t Is known
that the movement of crops will de-s
mand bigger railroad equipment
than ever before. This does not take
coal cars, but it does demand engines
which should move coal trains. 1t
also Is known that the carriers have
permitted their cars to depreciate be-
cause they have starved the shops.
Whether the railroads are going to be
able to move simultaneously. afi,un-
precedented crop and also the delays{
coal--along with a. bigger movement
of other commodities--is one of the
stirring questions of the hour. Coal
men believe they see ahead a car
famine and hence a shortage of coal.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-07-27

In the siege of Charleson, S. c., by
the Union forces-a Siege which in
the strategy and endurance Of its re-
sistance by the Confederate army
was without parallel in the Civil
War-Norman b. Ream and the
Eighty-fifth Pennsylvania Regiment,
in which he served as an officer, took
part for several months. This siege
gave to Captain Ream opportunity
to study the strange and weird move
ment of shells, particularly those
which were thrown from Confederate
batteries from Columbians or NOR
tars.
~ had a very dramatic experience
one night during the SIEGE" Mr..
Ream said to me when narrating
some of his "reminiscences of war
days. 1T frequently happened that
the picket lines of the two armies
were not more than twenty or twenty
five feet apart. There was an I'M
written law of that time that pick
cts could not fire upon one another,
and, SO far as / know, that law was
never broken. Sometimes the pick
cts of the opposing arm " were so close
that the men on either side were able
to talk to each other and their talk
was always friendly.
"One evening I was directed by
General Wagner to advance with q
part of my force and take up a GER
tain position about midway between
our first parallel and the first paral-
lei of the Confederates.
In obeying this command / went
forward as far as possible, but could
not reach the halfway point without
bringing on skirmish. / therefore
halted and sent word to General Wag-
ner that / had not been able to ad-
vance to the point he designated be-
cause I could not do so without
bringing on an engagement. ! was
anxious to learn from him whether
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-07-27
ArRsH1P TRANSATLANTIC FLIGHT N OCTOBER.

Delay until October for the attempt to navigate
the airship America the Atlantic, necessated
by adjustments and tests, does not affect
the credibility of experts that the passage can be
made. The unfortunate end of the Baldwin expert
at Atlantic City showed conclusivey that some
thing than enthusiasm, faith and courage is
requisite to accomplish the feat.
Mr. Wanamaker took up the idea of airship
ocean passage only when he convinced by invest-
cation and the judgment of experts that it FEAST
BILE But it essential that the airship should be
perfect machine in all its parts; that it should have
ample power and be otherwise provided to keep
her in the air and make the fight without any neces
sty for descending except at the Azores for sup
plies The weather conditions should also be favor
able. October weather is highly favorable. Delay is
unimportant. The thing is to get there" and the
care taken to put the airship in perfect condition
after every possible test is made is that
the fight will be a success
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-07-27
WAR NEWS TO BE SUPPRESSED.

Suppression of and of all news that may
relate to the operations of government and armies
is to be the policy of Austria, and doubtless of all
the powers that may be brought into the now
impending. In the Balkan wars the correspondent
was severely tabooed and could not get within fifty
miles of the front
1t only by extraordinary efforts that meagre
accounts of great battles gathered and trans
mitted But nothing altogether discourage the
indefatgable correspondent. If he can't write his
dispatches at the front he do fifty hundred
miles in the with too small facts and fountain
pen.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-07-27

sional baseball teams in the United States in the next
twenty-five years and that Congress would make APP
propriations for ball players, who will play under
civil service rules Nor is this wild prediction.
Baseball has powerful hold on the interest of the
American people 1t is the national game. For this
popular interest to be sacrificed would be something
of national misfortune for the game is highly i'm
portant part of the nations physical training. And
there is danger of a general loss of interest when
baseball is too greatly commerclazed.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-07-27
THE EUROPEAN sINEws OF WAR.

The time has come for the great powers of Europe
to open their gold-laden chests which they haYe
jealousy guarded in anticipation of the great emer
gency which now impends.
The Russian government is known to have "salted
down" hundreds of millions in specie. The German
war chest in the tower of spandau, guarded by a
strong garrison consists of gold What the Austrian
government owns in specie is not known.
Servia is poor, but doubtless she has access to
the Russian war chest. The reliance of France is
on the accumulated savings of the thrifty French
people, an unfaiing resource when French patriotism
is aroused.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-07-27


From Chemical Engineering.
In recent conversation the SUI
perintendent of a large stamp mill
made the observation that noise
costs money" We had been discuss
ing the use of stamps as crushing
machines and the comparative mer-
its of various devices for crushing
ore. One of the arguments adj
vanced by this superintendent
against the use of stamps was the
tremendous and never ending noise
produced by the falling weights. In
his opinion, the din was responsible
for many misunderstood directions
and orders to employees, resulting IN
confusion, loss of time and expensive
mistakes. The point is readily per-
ceived. The average mill employee is
anxious to give the impression that
he Understands the boss's orders, and
rather than ask a question for fur
Their information he will sometimes
pretend to understand and then go
and seek advice from a fellow work.
man. The order may be wrongly ex-
ecuted or not at all. The noise
of the stamps contributes greatly TO
this condition. makes 1t difficult to
give and receive orders, and I'M
doubtedly causes many mistakes.
The cost of noise may not be esti-
mated exactly, but it is a real fac
tor.