Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-08-20
Possibility Looms Bigger Than
Ever Before in History
of Church.
INDEPENDENCE OF VOTE
: INSURED BY PIUS'S ORDER
Abolished Veto Power of Mon
archs, accommodating Even
Cardinal Exercising 1t.
BY the United Press.

the Catholic Church.
For the first time in history the
sacred College is directly representa-
tive of the entire Catholic world. 1t
Is. literally an 'internationar body,
whereas, in the past, vast majority
of the cardinals have been Italians.
The creation Of cardinals by Pope
Plus K. has wiped out this big ma
1orlty. AS now constituted, the
Sacred College is composed of half
Italians and half foreigners. The
English speaking nations now have
seven cardinals of their own, while
three others are regarded as repre-
senting indirectly the English speak,
Ing races.
War May Influence Selection.
1t is considered certain that the
European war may also have great
weight in the selection of the new
pope. Although the conclaves are
supposed to be removed from all OUT
side political influence, the election of
a pope always has developed into a
political struggle between the nations
of the Triple Entente and the Triple
Alliance now at war.
Until the time of Pope Phys X. the
power of veto was several times eXer-
cised even in the conclaye by car
dinals who had come to Rome with
instructions from the monarchs of
their nation that the election of some
cardinal believed to be friendly to an
other power should not be permitted.
Pope, Plus was elected because of the
veto registered by Cardinal Puzinia
against Cardinal K. Apolla on behalf
of Emperor Franz Joseph, of Austria.
Does Away With Interference.
1t was because of this interference
that Pope Plus issued new orders for
the conduct of the conclave.
Previous popeS, of course, have
denied the right of France, Spain or
Austria to veto the election of any
pontiff, but failed to make any provi-
sion insuring it's enforcement. The
order of Pope Plus abolishes the veto
and infiicts the sentence of excom-
munication upon any cardinal or any
other person who attempts to exercise
1t.
As consequence it is expected that
the conclave at which the successor of
Pope Plus will be selected will be free
from such interference.
The English speaking cardinals now
In the Sacred College are: Cardinals
Gibbons, Farley and O'Connell of the
United States; Bourne and Gasquet,
of England; Begin, of Canada, and
Cardinal Logue, of ireland. In addi-
ton to these, however, there is Car
dinal Merry del Val, who, although
of Spanish and Irish ancestry, was
educated IN England. Cardinal Fall
COMO, although Italian by irth, is a
naturalized American citizen and for
years was apostolic delegate at Wash
ington.
MartineIIi, Too, Has American Learnings.
Cardinal Martinelli, his predecessor
at Washington, was always consulted
by Pope Plus on affairs relating to
the United States.
The other nations are represented
In the Sacred College as follows:
Italy, SO cardinals; France, 7; Aus
trial. Hungary, 6; South America, 2;
Spain, 5: Germany, 2; Portugal, /,
and Holland, /.
The international aspect of the Sa-
cred College is also emphasized by
the fact that many of the Italian
cardinals are men of widest cosmo-
politan culture, and may be regarded
as Italian in birth only.
Fourteen new cardinals were Gre
ated by Poue Plus X. at the consist
DRY held this spring and it is a nota-
BILE fact that he chose men who rose
as he rose in the Church, from a par
ish priest, and without regard of
noble blood.
All Rome was dPaped in mourning
today. Bells tolled constantly and
the crowds moved through the streets
silently and sorrowfully The war
was entirely forgotten. The newspa-
pers, heavily edged in black, printed
no news of the great conflict which
crushed the heart of the pontiff. Ital-
ian troops were guarding the Vatican
and ST. Peters, but little work was
necessary to control the silent, weep
ing crowds which gathered.
Entreats Them Not to Weep.
The passing of the pope wrung the
hearts of all Italy. Although Doctors
Amici and Marchiafava admitted that
the death of the pontiff was imminent
His Holiness in the conscious mo-
ments of his last day protested
against those present weeping. Short
ly before his death the physicians in
jected caffeine in the hope that life
might be sustained. The pope soon
afterward bade his sisters Anna and
Maria good bye. He asked them if
his brother Angelo was coming. They
told him Angelo would arrive Thurs
day.
Too late" the pope replied.
These We're his last words. He inn
mediately went unconscious and re-
manned so until death.
About the death ped were his sis
ters, his niece, Doctors Amici and
Marchiafava, Cardinals Merry del Val
and Bisleti and Monsignors Bressan
and Pescini. Dr. Marchiaf; va had not
left the bedside of the dying pontiff
since early in the morning, and with
his passing broke down and wept like
a child with others in the death cham
Der.
Italy Guarantees Liberty.
Owing to the necessity of electing
Pope to succeed the late Plus X.
during war in which all Europe is
involved, this Is one of the most criti-
cal in the entire history of the Catho-
lie Church.
The italian government, however,
officially announced that full liberty
will be guaranteed the Church and
the cardinals while the members of
the Sacred College are engaged in the
balloting for the new Pope.
IT is hoped that the warning ma
tions viii permit the passage of spe-
eial trains to bring the foreign cardi-
nails to the conclaZe. These trans
will fly black flags, sand appeals will
be made to Germany, France. Aus
tria, Belgium, and all nations en-
gagged in the war, to expedite their
passage.
Despite the efforts that may be
made, it was considered certain today
that certain cardinals will be de-
layed. 1t is not believed that a suh-
cient number of them will be able to
reach Rome in time to insure the
election of foreign pope. For this
reason Cardinals Ferrati and MaHi
are regarded as the most likely can
didates.
Cardinal Ferrati is secretary of the
congregation of~the Holy Office. He
was made cardinal in 1896 and is
sixty seven years old.
Cardinal Mafh is the archbishop of
Pisa. He is modern man in all re-
spects and friendly with the italian