The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-05-17
AS MANY FOREIGN AS
ITALIAN CARDINALS
40 One Nationality Now Has
Majority in Sacred
College.
FOREIGNER MAY BE POPE
Only Nine Of Sixty-six Wearers
Of Red Hats Are
Under so.
FOREIGNER MAY BE POPE
sp.ciai Correspondence to TEE Sun.

RoMF, May with the addition OF
,h. thirteen new Cardinals to be created
q, the forthcoming conslstory on May
% the Sacred College will consist OF
Fixty-siX nembers-thirty-thr Italians
and thirty-three foreigners. The latter
pro grouped under the following nation
al,tlgs: Seven Frenchmen, Elk Austr!ans.
Eve Spanls rds, four Americans. including
Cardinal Talconio, q naturalized Ameri-
can citizen two Portuguese, four British,
Including an lrishman and Can
adam; one Dutchman, one Belgian, one
Brazilian and two Germans.
Since the fourteenth century. when the
popes returned TO Rome from Avignon
and the majority OF Cardinals were
French. the number OF italian Cardinals
nus Invariably exceeded that OF foreign
ers. 50 that this is the first time In moro
than i've hundred years that the foreign
Cardinals we're not in a minority.
II has been assumed that as the Popes
were OF Italian nationality they increased
the number OF italian Cardinals In order
90 prevent the election OF foreigners to the
papacy. As a matter OF fact, OF the Atty
seven Popes elected since 1873 only four
were foreigners, a Greek. two Spaniards
and Dutchman, Hadrlan VI. OF Utretch.
since whose death in 1923 only Italians
have. been elected TO the papacy. The
present unprecedented change in the COM
position Of the Sacred College Is there,
fore considered Of the utmost significance
as clearly indicating Plus Ms wish that
foreign Cardinals should no longer be
precluded from becoming Popes.
II is obvious that the possibility OF the
election OF foreign Pope mas greatly In
creased as II is comparatively easy for q
foreign candidate to secure two-thirds OF
tne votes of all the Cardinals now that
oaly half Of them are Italians. Formerly
the votes Of the Italian Cardinals summed
together amounted to nearly the required
two-tnirds. whereas now even IL all the
Italians voted In favor OF one candidate
his election could be possible only pro-
yided eleven of the thirty-three foreigners
TONED the Italians. For the same reason
only eleven Italian votes would be neces-
ssD Tor the election Of foreign Pope.
Promotions Were Earned.
II :. mistake. however. to assume that
Plus Y. purposely Increased the number Of
'orelgu Cardinals In order to render the
The report that Cardinal Merry del Val.
Inc PapAl Secretary OF State. Influenced
he Pope 10 increase the number OF foreign
Cardinals to assure his own succession to
The Chair Of 81. Peter Is absolutely I'M
founded. A mere denial Is never suf-
lcient especially In the case OF the Vat
'ean, 10 contradict any report, however
Wa II happens to be. This mistaken i'm
preston can be effectively removed by
surveying the names of the new Cardinals
and briefly examining the reasons for
their promotion.
OF the eight new foreign Cardinals I'VE
were entitled TO the red hat and their
creation was inevitable. Tho Archbishop
OF Toledo, Spain. Mgr. Guisasola Mem
endez, the Archbishop OF Vienna. Mgr.
PIN tho Archbishop OF Gran. Primate
OF Hungary. Mgr. Czernoch; the Arch
bishop OF Cologne. Mgr. Hartmann. and
the Archbishop Of Lyons. Mgr. SEWN.
Primate OF Gaul. all occupied sees for
Merly held by Cardinals. and the Pope
was practically compelled to bestow the
cardinalitial dignity on them. The Span
ISL ana Austrian Archbishops, and the
French Archbishop before the law OF
separation resolved the red hat by con-
oordat. or treaty. In tho case OF the two
GERMAN Cardinals the Archbishop OF
Cologne has by custom been always a
Cardinal. and as Germany has always
been represented In the Sacred College by
two Cardinals and as the successor Of the
late Cardinal Kopp. Archbishop OF Bres-
leu has not been appointed. the Pope
selected another German prelate, Mgr.
bsttinger. Archbishop OF Munich.
The remaining two foreign Cardinals.
Mgr Begin, Archbishop OF Quebec. and
Abbot Gusquet, president OF the Commits
sion for the Revision of the Vulgate, were
likewise IN a way entitled to the red hat.
the former succeeded the first Canadian
cardinal, Tascherau. who died In 1898,
while the latter deserved promotion for
his work on the revision of tho
Nulgato. The fiye new Italian Car
d'nals, with tie single exception Of Mgr.
Della Chiess. Archbishop OF Bologna, are
al so-called Curia prelates. All held
posts In the Vatican congregations ana
ohces which invariably lead to the
rsd hat, and their addition to the Sacred
college was necessary. az the so-called
Cardinals de Curia, who live in Rome
and actively participate in the govern
nlent OF the church, had considerably
diminished. Mgr. serafini, who, like Car
dlnsl Gasquet, is a Benedictine. after
spending rve years as Archbishop of
spoleto and six as apostolic delegate In
Mexico, for the last three years has been
ssse sOr Of the. Holy ONCE
Or the thirteen new Cardinals Mgr.
seFln Is "a years old, and all are more
MAN 90, except Mgr. Lega, who is 81
lAe Sacred College now consists Of eight
ovctogenar!ans, eighteen septuagenarians,
Ln9Fty'one seXagenarians and only nine
Cardinals under sixty.
Italy and San Marine.
Tie Italian Government and the Re-
public Of San Marine have Just con-
GUIDED treaty officially styled "Ad-
tlunal Convention OF Good Friendship
ara Ncighborhood," which limits the
sovereign rights OF the smallest republic
", the world. Naturally San Marine. like
81 independent States, enjoys the right
"I coming money which IL legal tender
NJ Italy. In 1897 1t was agreed thai
'he amount of money coined by the re-
pubic should be fixed as follows: slS.'
uoo In silver dollar pieces, $4,000 ir
.dSer coins OF smaller denominations and
s-"'HoV In copper or bronze. Thes,
CONS have become eroded and otherwise
managed. and as they have been freely
@uAtevIelted the Italian Government
teall%ed that the only remedy against
depreciation of currency would be &
'I,l' the supply OF San Marine coins.
According 10 the present convention
he republic renowned the right Of coin