davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-09-05

plenty of room. Planted even with
the most ordinary care 1t is sure tn
live and is a very rapid grower. An
other tree readily adapting itself to
seashore conditions is the ailanthus,
or tree of heaven, ailanthus glandu-
losa, an exceedingly rapid grower,
with large, handsome, pinnate foliage.
The female tree is much preferred, as
the blossoms of the male tree have a
somewhat disagreeable odor during
the brief period in which the tree is
in bloom. The nurSeryman can fur
nish the female tree easily, as he
obtains these through propagation of
the root cuttings of the female tree.
If one desires TO attract many kinds
of birds to a seaside home, he should
plant single specimen of the Rus
sian mulberry Morus alba Tatariea.
This is an attractive, handsome tree,
hardy, but a rapid grower. not over
large, and bearing abundant foliage.
The Carolina, lombardy and white
poplars. Populus nonilifera var. Car
olinensis, p. fastigiata var. Itallca,
and r. alba, are considered good sea-
side trees. They are inferior quality
trees at the best, planted largely be-
cause they are rapid growers, and
they are very susceptible, of late
years, TO the ATTACKS Oh an insect
which destroys not only the foliage.
but bores into the body of the tree
few feet up from the ground, and so
weakens 1t that the shoregales break
it off
The Question of Dwarf Trees.
If dwarf trees. either of upright N
pendulous growth. are desired for
shore lawns-to be used as single
specimens on small areas, or in group
planting or outlining paths on larger
lawns-the willows and mulberries
will prove particularly satisfactory.
The golden willow, SaliX vitellina
aurea. Is a very handsome dwarf tree,
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-09-05
WHAT AN ORCHARD COSTS TO
RUN ON AN UP-TO-DATE BASIS

What does it cost to run an
orchard? A plan of cost accounting
for apple orchard operations for fruit
growers wishing to find out the an
nual cost of managing an orchard
has been outlined by the L. s. De-
partment of Agriculture. The method
presented is the result of records COW
ering nineteen years work in several
New York orchards. The bulletin
gives details for two years work on
one of these orchards. The method is
applicable to all similar operations.
The result of the study is given in
great detail in the departments new
bulletin CNo. 1900, entitled Operating
Costs of Well Established New
York Apple Orchard
The orchard for which the details
are given is over fifty years old and
well located for the production OF
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-09-05
Oil of tar, so parts.

OIL of tar, so parts.
Crude carbolic acid, l part.
Laurel oil is a very effective re-
pellent. Mayer qs11) found that the
protection lasted from to II days.
The oil when used pure has an irri-
tating effect unless it is applied light
ly. According to Mayer the irritating
effect may be overcome by combining
It with linseed oil in the proportion of
1 to 10. In the experiments of the
department of agriculture, 1t was
found that 10 per cent. Of laurel oil
in cottonseed oil was active for less
than day.
In experimental tests carried out
by the department the following re-
suits were obtained:
A 10 per cent. mixture of crude car
bolic acid OILS per cent. phenols) in
cottonseed oil has q very strong re-
pellent action on flies, but this lasts
less than a day, in consequences vf
which 1t is necessary to apply the
mixture every day. The mixture
should be applied lightly with a
brush, since a heavy application with
a spray pump is likely to cause phe-
mol poisoning.
Mixtures consisting of 10, 90 and 30
per cent. of pine tar in cottonseed
oil have marked repellent qualities.
They should be applied lightly and it
is necessary to apply them every day.
A liberal application of a 10 per cent.
mixture is deleterious to animals.
This is also the case with a half and
half mixture of pine tar and Beau
mont oil when applied lightly with a
brush
A mixture of oil of tar "a per cent
phenols, volatile with steam) in cot
tonseed oil and in Beaumont oil has
a very marked repellent action. A 10
per cent. mixture of oil of tar in
cottonseed oil is safe. A half-and-
half mixture of oil OF tar and cotton
seed oil when applied literally with
a spray pump, and 90 per cent. oil
of tar in Beaumont oil applied with
brush are not safe. Ten per cent. oil
of tar in Beaumont oil is safe. When
applied lightly it is necessary to APP
ply 10 per cent oil of tar in cotton
seed oil or 10 per cent. oil of tar in
Beaumont oil every day.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-09-05

fruit. 1t consists OF nearly fifteen
acres and contains SGT trees. The
total annual cost of the oDerction IF
the orchard during the two yesi14
covered by the detailed studies W.
divided into labor. cash and fixed
costs. Nine hundred and thirty
seven marketable barrels of apples
We're produced the first season for a
total operating cost of s1,21792. Two
thousand one hundred and four bar
rels were produced the second year
at a total expense of $2.1z5.69. La the
table given below, the labor costs re-
fer to the man and horse labor; the
cash costs cover the expense of man
ure. spraying, barrels, and seed for
cover crop; the fixed costs included
the use of machinery, land rental and
overhead expenses. The distribution
of costs in the orchard during the
two years was as follows: ~
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-09-05

Is there anything that can be used
in the dust bath to rid hens of lice?
Newark. L. p. X.
The most efficient material to use
in the dust bath is a very fine powder,
which the fowls can work into the
spaces between the feathers and thor
oughly cover the licH living on their
bodies. The finer the dust, the more
rapidly ii can be worked into these
places and the lice covered and choked
to death. An excellent dust bath ma
terial can be .ade from equal parts
of land plaster and coal ashes. Road
dust is also effective.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-09-05

The cost OF growing apples is
lessened by growing them in connec-
ton with other farm crops and utiliZ-
ing the man and horse labor on these
other crops when they are not
needed In the orchard The expert
ences of the best apple growers in old
ple-producing regions indicate that
proper management of a well-diversi-
fled farm is as important factor in
profitable apple raising as the use OF
different cultural methods, reduction
of packing cost, or even cheaper
wages for help.
The farm in question consists of 122
acres. Fifty per cent. Of this area is
devoted to general crops other than
fruit, and of the thirty-nine acres de-
voted to fruit only about fifteen are
used for apple raising. Enough hay.
oats and corn are raised on the farm
for feed. Potatoes are raised, but
only for home use. Wheat and beans,
as well as the fruit, are cash crops.
Each year twenty or thirty sheep are
kept and pastured during the sum-
mer. Lambs are raised and fattened
during the early spring months. Six
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-09-05


horses are kept for work and one
for family use. One or two colts are
raised each year.
The actual costs given are not thu
most important result of this study.
as other farms in the same commu-
nifty might show quite different re-
suits. The method of analysing the
various cost factors is the feature
that is of most practical value. The
departments new publication aims TO
outline for the independent apple
grower a method that will enable him
to determine the actual cost of main
tanning and operating his fruit enter
prise on his own farm. 1t does not
attempt to give a concrete exampls
of just what the costs will be. Be-
side the fact OF the depreciation of
the apple orchard already mentioned,
other factors such as the variety, age.
and size of trees, the soil, and the
climate will influence the actual costs.
but not the method of Analysing these
costs. Apple growers will find much
to interest them in the new publica-
ton which is being sent free Of
charge to such persons as apply
for IL
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-09-05
Commercial Fertilizer.

Is the use of commercial fertilizer
profitable as rule? G. r.. II.
Bloomfield
There is no doubt that the wiser and
more skilfull farmers we become, the
more extensively we shall learn to use
our commercial manures. At the same
time, the man who uses them and for
cots the Importance of vegetable mat
Fer neglecting to carefully save and
anply the droppings of the farm ami
mails. is working for success along
wrong lines.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-09-05
cover Crops and Green Manure.

Cover Crops and Green Manure.
What is good fertilizer for a
garden where stable manure is not OBJ
tainable? f. w.
Nutley.
It is entirely impossible to say re-
garding any particular soil just what
elements of fertility or what formula
should be used. Knowledge of this
kind can come only from actual ex-
detrimental work on the soil in ques-
ton, but we are at least safe in say
ing that where farm manures are not
available, special attention must be
given to the question of cover crops
and green manures. There must be
decaying vegetable matter in the soil
from some source.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-09-05
Totals =. 81 21799 $82625 Sa8lO $1,000 s91g569 $t4

Totals -. 81 ,217.92 $S2.625 $3.50
measured in these estimates. namely.
the cost of creating the orchard and
the depreciation of the orchard as
its production declines az the result
of advancing age. The presence OF
insect pests and fungus diseases and
the thoroughness of their control also
will have their influence on the life of
the orchard. The two years study on
the farm in question have not yielded
sufficient data on this particular item
Cash costs on 14.74-acre apple orc
years:
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-09-05

lambs in early winter should be treat
ed differently from those not lambing
until late spring. In all cases keep
sheep in dry, roomy quarters, we'll
ventilated, not necessarily warm.
They should have access to plenty of
fresh water at all times, with early
cut hay or other well-cured forage,
and more or less grain according to
their particular needs. 1t is very i'm
portant that they have some succu-
lent food. Roots are best and silage
q very close second. Prior to giving
birth to their lambs, they should have
no corn, but should be fed protein
feeds similar to those given to dry
COW. After lambs are born, corn may
be added to the ration. We have
found that the same feeds we give
our milk cows are profitable to feed
to our milking ewes.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-09-05
Apples Good for Hens.

Are apples good for hens? II. X.
Newark
Excellent, but there is danger Of
overlooking, as they are more laXa-
five than beets or cabbage.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-09-05
Raising Winter Pigs.

What is the best and most econon-
ical way to raise winter pigs with
out milk? Would it be profitable?
Somerville. l.. F.
Feed a thick mash of the con-
sistency of cream, one-half corn
meal, the other half may be wheat
middlings; or equal parts of finely
ground oats and barley, or oats or
barley and middlings. Mix with hot
water and feed warm three times a
day until the pigs are four months
old. After that twice daily, at about
s o'clock in the morning and 5 o'clock
at night. Feed just what they will
clean UP greedily and no more. Give
a drink of water occasionally. When
the pigs are four months old the slop
may be thin and water may not be
necessary in addition to that in the
slop. Give bit of alfalfa hay, or
better still, ground alfalfa may take
the place of the middlings or oats
after the pigs are five months old.
Scatter soaked corn and whole oats
on the floor to induce exercise. and
keep at all times in the pen a pile
of hardwood ashes on which hand
full of salt has been sprinkled. An
acre Or two of winter rye pasture
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-09-05

SunTOWeT Sttus TUT HtlIbs
Will sunfiower seeds fed to hens
make them lay in winter? How much
would you feed? L. oN'
Newark.
They are not worth the price usually
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-09-05
Second year.

1900 s. 1865 $t44.212 s4O33 SION
to warrant definite conclusions All
appiegrowers, therefore. should bear
this factor in mind.
The item included under .ixedi'
costs should vary little from year o
year. The land rental. including In
terest and taxes is about six per cent,
For thus particular orchard it viii he
noted that The ns;ed costs approximate
$40 year per acre.
The details of the items of cash
costs are as follows:
lard containing 527 trees, for two
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-09-05

charged for them, but are good
regulator and might compose per
cent. of the grain ration.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-09-05
resting Healthy Cows.

Testing Healthy Cows.
Should apparently healthy cows be
tested with tuberculin?
Caldwell. ID. G.. H.
1t depends upon conditions. If milk
from tested animals is in demand,
and if the dairyman can secure a
larger price for the milk, the test
would probably pay as a business
proposition. Unless there is reason to
suspect tuberculosis in the herd, or
something is to be gained by testing,
there is no particular advantage ex-
cept as q precaution.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-09-05

The proper way to thoroughly and
easily whitewash a poultry house is
to use spray pump. A hand sprayer
can be purchased for a few dollars,
and should be on every farm. Mix
the whitewash rather thin, so 1t will
flow readily, and keep well stirred.
Spray it on good and plenty in order
that it may penetrate every crack and
creVice. The vermin will disappear
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-09-05

What remedy is there for sores on
the top of a horses neck under his
collar? A. H.
Newark.
These are difficult to heal. Thor
ough washing with a good disinfect-
ant is advisable, and healing will be
much more rapid If the animal can
be allowed to rest or is not used in
such a way as to irritate the I'M
healthy places. The failure to heal
in cases of sore shoulder or neck in
horses is due to the continual irrita-
ton produced by the collar, and pos
sibly the debilitated condition of the
animal. II the skin is not broken,
bathing the shoulder frequently with
clean, cold water may be of value.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-09-05
Beet Pulp for Hens.

Would beet pulp be valuable as
green food for poultry, and if so, how
should it be fed? w. L.
Newark.
The wet pulp contains too much
acid to be relished and l prefer not
to feed it, The kiln dried when
soaked is better, but even then is not
a very good substitute for green food.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-09-05

When building new house too
much cannot be exercised in selecting
proper site. Future success de-
Ponds upon it. 1t must be on high,
dry ground and ought to face the
east or south.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-09-05

will be found very desirable and
profitable in this connection.
Yes, it will pay if the pigs receive
intelligent care. Dry bedding and
lots of it should be provided at all
times and changed at least once. a
week.
Practical VS.. Fancy Poultry Keeping.
Is practical poultry keeping more
profitable than fancy poultry keep
ing? j. l.. ON.
East Orange.
The most profitable type OF poultry
farm is where the farmer combines
the keeping of poultry and produce
ing for market with keeping pure
bred poultry for sale for breeding
purposes. This will include the sale
of eggs for Matching. jay-old chicks
and of pullets and cockerels in the
fall of the year, or hens for breeding
purposes, as we'll as the sale Of
brothers and eopc for market
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-09-05

The udders Of cows sbou1d ba
washed with warm water and thor
oughly dried before each milking
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-09-05
Sheen in Winter.

What is the best way to care for
sheep in winter? p. A.
Far Hills.
1t depends somewhat on the kind of
sheep. For instance, breeding ewes
would require different care and food
from those fattening for mutton.
Again, ewes that are to give birth to
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-09-05

Every poultry house must be rat
proof and free from vermin. Sue
cessful business cannot be done where
these pests are allowed to thrive.
Rats are particularly fond of chickens.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-09-05

There are two reasons why the
poultry flock should be culled early
In the fall. There may any number
OF other good reasons, but the selec-
ton of winter layers and the necessity
OF getting rid of the drones are para
mount.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-09-05

BY all means have a perfectly tight
roof on the poultry house. Rain
drizzling through, making the place
damp, Is one of the worst conditions
to be found.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-09-05

calves three or four months old
may be fed all the grain they will
consume. Shelled corn and oats are
good feeds.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-09-05

By all means get rid of the drones
among the old hens, the aged ones
whose usefulness may be at an end,
and all of the pullets that are under
sized, defective or in any way de-
formed. The old hen may be fattened
and put on the market around the
fall and winter holidays, but sold she
must be. There is no sense in feeding
her another year.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-09-05

When planting a tree see that the
hole is large enough to permit the
roots to spread out naturally. Trees
with crowded roots never do well.
Future success depends upon
proper beginning
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-09-05

When pruning do not make any
unnecessary cuts. In other words.
have a good reason for every bit of
wood removed. Study the tree before
beginning.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-09-05

Young orchards should make good
vigorous progress the first few years.
Any tree that is starved and held
back will never be up to a satisfac-
tory standard.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-09-05

In culling the flock for winter egg
production it should be remembered
that after a hen is two years old she
will begin to lessen her production,
unless she is an exceptional in
dividual. There should be no haste
to get rid of the yearling hen. She
may not lay as many eggs as the pull
let, but her eggs contain more germ
strength, and she will be needed as a
breeder.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-09-05

The work horse should be given
daily from fourteen to eighteen
pounds of good hay, preferably timo-
thy. Good clover or alfalfa hay, If
fed. should be mixed with about one
fourth part clean straw to counter
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-09-05

Keep the orchard clean as a house
floor. Do not leave rubbish and tools
lying around. 1t does not show good
business principle
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-09-05
ssss.57 s65.574 1884

&c pounds of lime. 80 pounds of sui
'st of labor is included. Rate Of
to gallons of water.
sulphur. Rate of dilution, l gallon
lions of water.
pounds. at 16 cents; oats, % bushels,
nta
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-09-05

Silage is well adapted for fattening
lambs and for a part ration for win
tering breeding sheep.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-09-05

If you find the chicks ailing look
them over for lice, for that is most
frequently the cause of their ailments
at this time. Keep them well busted
with insect powder, A little grease
under the wings and on the head will
help keep the lice away.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-09-05

1t is a pretty good scheme to keep
half pullets and half yearlings. This
balances the purpose of the flock
rather evenly. BY keeping up this
system year after year you soon get
a flock that is young, prolific of eggs,
and yet with the maturity and
strength necessary for the Matching
of the right kind of chicks each year.
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1914-08-31
PILES WILL Be
DRIVEN At BASE
Of OHIO LEy[E
Between Cairo Elevator and Water
Works to Insure Stability
Base Support Riprapping.

The blue prints have arrived and
work will soon begin on the per
manent repairs to place the leyee
slope on the Ohio leToe between the
Cairo elevator and the Water Works
in safe condition.
The damage to this portion of the
leyee which was riprapped by heavy
stone occurred during the last high
stage of the river. TWO slides oc-
cured, because there was not suffi-
cent base or footing to hold the
riprapping. The civil engineer Of
The Illinois Rivers and Lakes Com
mission has adopted the most feas-
bile plan to held the leyee, that is
hy driving piles at the base Of the
,evee This will positively assure
4 permanent footing although it is
IN expensive piece Of work. El2o
gravel will be placed to form a bed
eor the heavier rock riprapping. As
the appropriation by the state !
the food protection of Cairo has not
all been used, there are sufficient
funds to pay for this new work.
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1914-08-31
NEW DIRECTORY
FOR PADUCAH
l47 new NAMES
Increase Over Population Of Two
Years Ago 294-15,231 Names
in New Directory.

Paducah's population is 30.4G2
according to the sixth biennial di-
rectory of the Caron Directory com
pany. which has been issued from the
press. According TO the directory
there are 1921 individual name
in the directory and by using two as
q multiplier, the most conservative
number used, the population ex
ceeds 10000. The increase in the
number Of individual names owe
the directory Of 1912 is 117 names,
The increase in population is esti-
mated at 29f.
The 1914 directory is unusually
well bound and printed, and Is re
markably free from mistakes. In
every way the directory is a credit
to the publishers, who issue the di-
rectories of practically every city
IN the state. The agent Of The
company has arrived in the city
and has begun the delivery of The
directories to the subscribers.
Conditions for Paducah are con
sidered most promising and in tn
foreword there is a resume Of tht
improvements and accomplishment
Of the past few years and an out
line of the work now under way.