davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1914-09-24

In the present war, Dinant was the
scene of some Of the sharpest fighting
that has thus far occurred in BEL
GUM. The Belgian army was at Lou
vain, and the French troops occupied
nositions near Dinant. Striving 10
gain n road to Paris by way of the
mains of historic Waterloo, the Ger
mans attacked the French. The fight
ing was desperate, but the French
lines held. Several other battles were
fought in this district, before the thea
ire Of war was moved further south,
A Wonderful Stronghold.
One of the strongest fortresses in
all Germany is Ehrenbreitsteln, lying
on the right bank Of the River kline
in the Prussian- Rhine Province. The
,nsRnificent citadel Is built on a rock
which rises some 400 feet above the
r,ver facing the mouth of the Moselle
and is fanked by a double line OF
works with three tiers of casemate
batteries These works to the north
and northeast form a separate fort
and the whole forms a chain Of forti-
ncations which surrounds Koblenz, an
other town Just opposite Ehrenbreit-
stein. These strongholds are declared
by experts to be impregnable.
! With the garrison. the town oil
Ehrenbreitstein has a population OF
$500 but KoblenZ has $4,000 inhabi-
tants. excluding the garrison of some
| 5000 men stationed there. 1t Is
famous for its wine trade and soar
industry.
/ Already the fortress of Ehrenbreit-
/ stein fills pages of history, and is the
| scene Of many sieges from the time
| that the first Roman fertilization:
were built there during the reign O.
Emperor julius until the works were
blown up by the French in 1893. A
the second Peace of Paris, however
France was forced to pay 1900, 00l
francs to Prussia for its reconstruc
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1914-09-24

- HIS is the war hymn Of the Cos
sack, the man who fights for the
a land OF the Bear for the pure
- love of fighting.
once ga independent nation, these
a1-n Sysn tauay nave special privileges
-.rssvg Nus=ian RUE. ana IN return Tor
nese privileges they bring their
OWN horses from away over In
80 Caucasv~ and serve the Car
~sihout pas
S-kS IC-su,1. IS eest known to the
American as a fearless horseman, who
Gives daring exhibitions OF riaing Ia
WIG West shows and circuses wnere
he outstrips even the cowboy In dare
aevil stunts on horseback.
A Serious Soldier.
In Russia the Cossack is very diff
serent, for he is a serious soldier who
lghts the enemies of the Gear with a
,avagery and endurance which makes
him one Of the S.--st remarkable war
riors IN .xzs world. OF a strong, rug
sS1 cype, they can endure hardships
which would kill the soldiers Of other
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1914-09-24

ton. The forts were made strong,
and are now kept up-to-date. Ehren-
breitstein played an important part in
the Thirty Years War.
Gibraltar, The Irnprcgnable.
Rock of Gibraltar, now an English
possession, commands tho Western
entrance to tho Mediterranean 1t is
absolutely impregnable and the best
fortified stronghold In the world. 1t is
about three miles long and from one
quarter to three-quarter miles in
width. The north end rises perpen-
dicularly from the water to point
of 1900 feet above sea level. Its high
est point Is O'Hara's Tower, LAOS feet.
The rock slopes to 400 or 900 feet,
and is marked by many cliffs and
caves. Europa Point, extreme south
ern end, is 11ia nautical miles from
Africa.
The population is mixed with ele-
ments of Maltese, Spanish, italian and
Jews. II Is now crown colony, brist-
ling with guns of the latest types. The
Spanish dialect is spoken by the peo-
pie, and from one tower news of pass
ing steamships is sent to all parts OF
the world. The rock was known as
Calpe in the days Of Greeks and Ro-
mans.
Its most famous siege was that by
the Spanish, lasting from 1879 to 1888
and ending in failure. It's history since
1901 has been uneventful, but many
times rumors of sieges have been cur
| rental false, however. The inhab!-
tants, besides the garrison, are al
| fishermen.
The "Rome" OF Germany.
Salzburg, the capital Of the Aus
| trian duchy and crownland, lies or
both banks of the river Salzach. anC
IL walled in by the Monchsberg, the
steep sides of the mountains rising
| from amid the houses and buildings
The older part of the city is on the
! left bank of the river. while the newer
portion is located Just opposite. Tit
Neu Thor tunnel, built in 1867, pierce!
the Monchsberg Bridge at its narrow
est point, giving an outlet to the plain
beyond.
From the south end Of the Monchs
berg rises the imposing Hohen-Salz
burg citadel, first built in the nintl
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1914-09-24

was restored to its earlier grandeur.
In olden times Dinant was thought
to have been absolutely impregnable
and capable of withstandng attack by
any army the world could produce.
Such confidence did the people have
in the walls of the old castle on the
cliff, and another on the bridge which
commanded navigation in the Mouse,
that they openly defied burgundy. At
this time Dinant had a population of
more than 10000. 1t had passed un-
der the titular sway of Liege in the
tenth century and remained the fief of
the prince bishopric until the system
of feudalism was ended by the French
revolution.
But It was In the fifteenth century
that Dinant, believing her fortifica-
tons impregnable, defed Burgundy,
also counting on the aid of France in
the event that trouble developed.
Hurled From It's Gifts.
In 1866 Charles the Bold laid siege
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1914-09-24

to the city in the name of his father.
He moved his troops before the forti-
fications and in August of the same
year, carried them by storm. Enter
ing the city, he herded the priests
and women and children together and
told them to flee for their lives Many
of the men We're summary hanged.
while the majority were forced to
climb to the crest of the cliff Of Bou-
vignes From this point, projecting
over the Meuse, they were hurled hun
dreds of feet to death in the great
river. Thousands We're killed in this
manner, and from n population of CO.,
900, Dinant, today, can boast of only
1874 inhabitants.
one of the first military feats of
Louis " was to capture Dinant. For
thirty years it was held by the French.
Dinant once lived by her industries,
but now depends on American tour
lists and sightseeing parties as well
"a summer sojourners. for her living.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1914-09-24

From their early youth they are
taught how to handle horses, and a
young Cossack of twelve years of age
can give an old circus rider cards and
spades in horsemanship. Many OF
their daredevil acts on horseback are
familiar to Americans who have seen
the Cossack perform at n circus, Yet
these breakneck evolutions are moth
ing as compared with those of the
crack Cossack regiment at Warsaw.
Many times the writer has seen these
men stand IN their saddles while their
horses were going at full gaIlop,
and fire at an imaginary enemy from
any side. At another time Cossack
will throw his body completely to the
right side OF the horse and with his
left heel resting on his steeds hind
quarter fire his rifle at an enemy while
protected by the galloping horse. He
can turn completely around while SIT
ting astride the animal and, facing the
horses tail, he will keep up a rapid
fire from his pistol or rife. Ho can
pick up a comrade from the ground
Crowded he is OF medium weight
and drag him in safety to the back OF
a running horse, In this way the
AOSSAtkS SdNtu u hAi''N'
regiment when they were competed
To retreat during one OF the battles
Of the Japanese Russian war. one OF
the Cossacks famous stunts when CIV
ing riding exhibitions before the Rus
sian nobility is to throw their hat ana
rifle to the ground and then pick them
nm while the horse is going at fun
! speed. Picking up handkerchlels
while the horse is galloping is COM
mon trick with the young boys. While
these feats OF horsemanshiP are IN
progress the Cossack yells like de-
mon and it is said that these yells
during a battle serve to disconcert the
enemy.
Military Service For Life.
Fiehting is the business OF these
men and this spirit is imbued in them
from early childhood. The Cossack
bows play at warm fact they know
no other game and when one boy
shows more ability than the other in
handling a sword or in his work on
horseback, he at once becomes the
hero of the town.
At the age of nineteen the Cossacli
boys begin their real military training
by spending two years al the barracks
of their town. on completing this
they enter wbst "a krown as the "frst
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1914-09-24
II . CT C/SS~
CS0oYSXo

nations, Besides this qualification
their enthusiasm in lighting Is almost
fanatical, and although they may have
received their death wound they re-
fuse to give up while they have
strength enough to WELD dagger.
Refuse To Give Up.
This characteristic was shown In
one of the recent battles between Rus
sta and Germany when a Cossack
killed eleven Germans in hand to hand
fights before he gave up. Even then
he was not seriously wounded, and is
likely to be back in the fray in a few
weeks.
They are n strange race Of men,
these Cossacks, and their history Is In
teresting. Away back in the flfteenth
century the renegades from Muscovy
and Migrants OF every description
formed themselves into Cossacks or
robber communities. AS early as 1887
they were fighters of note, and some
time during that year they attacked
the Tartars and the Turks and cap
tured the Turkish fortress of Azof.
During the reign Of Peter the Great
the Cossacks were powerful and
Independent set Of men, who ran
things in Southeastern Russia to suit
themselves, In l7lS they gradually
came under the subsection of the Car
and later assisted him In his wars.
But they still maintained certain
reserve and demanded more privileges
from the government than was usual
ly accorded. They also kept close to-
gether for their own protection. The
! majority of them gathered in one
province and Kharkoff became theil
was set up which still exists, and tai
very best class Of lighters still co=.e
from tHat town. 1t Is a wlerd sort o.
a place, with its narrow streets anc
queer shaped towers, and Is by M
means attractive to the foreigner II
the center of the town is an opei
square where the Cossacks gather II
the evening. A large bronze monu
ment set up in honor of the s-mou
. Hetman sometimes known as Alta
mani Platof, the leader of the Cos
sacks from ITO to 1915, stands in tn
center Of this square.
Car Invested With The "Ataman."
, This man is the ideal of the Cos
sacks, and each Car must be "in
) vested" with the "Ataman" II he wishe
to hold the friendship Of the Cossack'
No Car has refused, because the Cos
5 sack Is a valuable asset to him, es
r pecially IL time OF war; The preser
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1914-09-24
ROYAL CROWN OF ROUMANIA.

nOUMANIA'S crown was made
from the steel of Turkish gun
~ captured at Plevna, by command
Of King Charles. After this and the
simple gold crown, without Jewels or
ornaments, made for the queen, had
been consecrated, on May 10, 1881.
King Charles took his own crown into
his hands with these words: II as
sumo with pride this crown, wrought
from a cannon sprtnkled with the
blood of our heroes. and consecrated
by the church; l accept it as a symbol
of the independence and power OF
Roumania."
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1914-09-24

category" regiment of their district
where they remain for four years.
These regiments are sent to any part
of the Empire. The CoSsack is thep
a full-fedged guardian Of Russiai
honor. The next degree is the Sec
ond category" regiment for another
four years and finally to the third cat
egory, where they remain for sim
liar period. The men of the second
category" regiment live at their homes
if they prefer always keeping their
horses and equipment ready for serv-
ice. After the third category Isl
reached the Cossacks are merely re-
CURED to drill In public for three|
weeks each year After all these cat
egory" are passed there Is period
of five years in reserve which nils cas-
ualtles in time of war. In case OF
| emergency Cossacks OF any age may
| be called out. They are liable for|
military service for life. The Cossacks
! are better educated than the aver
age Russian and are excellent marks !
men. In return for the military serv-
ice they are given grants of fertile
| land and while the men are In mill |
tary service their mothers, wives and
sisters till this land, The women
are thrifty and get excellent prices 70
the crops.
At present more than 800, 900 Cos
sacks are in action with the Russian
troops. The majority Of them are
| the aristocratic type. The ones Of
more plebian cast can probably raise|
/ including their reservsts and youns
recruits, another 100000 men TO jolt
! fyussa's millions in this great 10
which has spread over Euro"A
The wives of the Cossacks - 8
! enthusiastic as their -=-oa=cS, ass'
many of them are now serving
nurses in with the Russian Red Cross
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1914-09-24

those of today are about in the
SRy same category with the first
cannon fred on the field OF Crecy when
compared with the death dealing,
high-powered seige guns that the
German Kaiser used in battering the
forts OF the allies in the present
World War. While replete in historic
interest, and around which a senti-
mental and romantic web has been
woven, yet all, today, are obsolete and
long since unable TO Withstand the
protectiles which an enemy could hurl
against their stone and turreted bat
Elements.
Those Americans who IN the course
of their tours OF Europe seek a close
and scrutinizinR view of old-time cas-
ties and fortresses never fail TO visit
Strassburg, Gibraltar, the wonderful
fortress and bridge at Dinant, Bel
glum, and the marvellous battlements
rearing skyward from Ehrenbreit-
stein, Germany. Their battle-scarred
sides are intact, and volumes have
been devoted to them by historian and
poet. But when the marvellous net
V ork of forts surrounding Liege, and
those that guard the approaches to
Paris are studied one can readily re-
alize what wonderful Roadway has
been made In the art OF defense by
the powers of the Old World. But q
brief description Of these old-tlme
fortresses is nevertheless interesting,
for they always will occupy warm
spot in the affections of those who
cling to romance and that era when
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1914-09-24
Curious History Of Rus
STA S Greatest Warriors
Who Serve the Gar
Without Receiving a
Salary.

lord God protect the Car,
Powerful and mighty;
May he I'm glory, in glory Reign
He Is our guiding star, great In peace
and war;
Our Faithful true protector, long live
the Gar"
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1914-09-24
sINGULARiTY OF THE CAMEL.

SINGCLARETY OF THE CAMEL.
TIN odd facl, pecuiar only 10 thI
~ camel among all animals, is tina
- 1t does not perspire with Its en|
tire skin, but only in the back IT ~
neck. Thus, when travelling in gres
heat. II does not require a continue
supply of water to replace the mos
ture evaporated through the poreI
Owing to this popularity, there 10
fuctuation, wtthin four degrees OF q
blood temperature of a healthy can.s
4 rise OF temperature of four degrs
would be a @ur of fever In hu.>-
being, and y other mammals, but 1t
Q ssArsseH rqlNetion with the camel
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1914-09-24
Historic Spots Through
out Europe Where War
riors of Old Battled To
the Death in Stormlng
Fortresses and Battle,
ments Which in Those
Days Were Regarded As
the Last Word Defense

~TIE fortress and battlement of
Yesterday, in comparison with
"a those of today, are about in the .
Sey same category with the first .
Imperial Valley press., 1914-05-18

is Immediately done the prohibition
constitutional amendment will be sub
mitted, and continues:
"The passage of resolution by a
two-thirds majority of a quorum OF
each house of Congress would send
such an amendment to the states for
ratification. Once remitted to the
states its ratification by 36 of the 43
would incorporate it in the supreme
law of the land, making it irrevoca-
bic save by two thirds vote in con-
gress ratified by threefourths of the
states"
Imperial Valley press., 1914-05-18
AFRAID OF PROHIBITION
Riverside Press)

NNNA'NhSiNAS aNS1t
"Unless checked, the Prohibitionists
will accomplish their purpose. There
is grave probability that constitu-
tional amendment will go to the states
within year, or possibly even sooner,
and once to the states, no power on
earth can prevent its eventual ratiG-
cation"
This is the startling statement made
by the general counsel of the National
Wholesale Liquor Dealers association
to Mr. Edward Marshall, a writer in
the New York Times. The liQucr
official had come to New York to
sound the alarm. 1t was his plan to
direct the notice of New YORK City
newspapers to the imminent danger"
of prohibition by giving a dinner to
proprietors and editors As the news
paper people did not + 50 with enthu-
siasm to this suggestion ne decided
upon a series of articles to be issued
in every New York newspaper. The
statement above is contained in
prepared manuscript which was not
sent out, but whic1 is now in Mr..
Marshall's hands.
The badly worried state of mind OF
the liquor people may be easily judged
from the statement. The liquor at
torney declares that unless something
Imperial Valley press., 1914-05-18
CLAVONIC CANDIDATE.

~ The the following communication:
That the popularity Samuel NJ Shordge candidate for United
widespread
following, which
in the of the of April 27:
composed of
affiliated
candidacy Samuel NJ
the Republican nomination of United States senator"
this the Press does not
But stated that
journal objection Shotidge running the Savonan
what wanted.
Imperial Valley press., 1914-05-18
A WOMAN" CALLED FOR

"A desperation Times is calling for the
Governor competition with
John M. Esheman
sangest of woman" is that it
calls particular the feminine
brought forward by the Pro-
greve because he is the about
million whom California believe best fitted for this post
Should particular the ground that
the
might entitled
opinion that be
ability but
il a woman, Timem merely itself ridiculous.
Imperial Valley press., 1914-05-18
Millers at Convention

Omitted Press Day Service)
Manhattan, Kansas, May 18.-Mil-
lers, bakers, wheat buyers, mill sup
erintcndents and flour statesmen gath
cred at the Kansas State College her
today for a two weeks short
course in wheat and flour testing. Con-
Imperial Valley press., 1914-05-18

servation of the states great wheat
crop after it is harvested is the rea-
son back of the establishment Of the
course of study.
Imperial Valley press., 1914-05-18
WORTHY PUBLICATION

Seey special edition which
the side the valley crediabe The
caed the most
influential papers of the valley.
Imperial Valley press., 1914-05-18

FRANCIS l.. SELLEW,
Project Engineer.
Yuma, Arizona. May 10th, 1914.
Modern two-room housekeeping
apartment. 626 Commercial-Adv.
Imperial Valley press., 1914-05-18
DEPT. OF INTERIOR; u. S.
RECLAMATION SERVICE

Mean daily gage heights, and dis
charges, of the Colorado River for the
week ending May 18th, 1914.
Imperial Valley press., 1914-05-18

Desert Water Bags.
Stanley-De Blois Co., Ell Centro.-
Adv. Il
Imperial Valley press., 1914-05-18

Desert Water Bags.
Stanley-De Blois Co., Ell Centric
Adv. If
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1914-12-25
FIVE LITTLE TOTS
!. WONDER If THERE
is A SANTA HERE

There Is just q shadow Of, doubt
In the hearts Of five little Taco
mans today that there Is = really,
truly Santa Claus. st4l
They are waiting today In a
tremble OF excitement, hoping and
yet fearing that, after all, tho
whole story Of Christmas merril
Trent and Kris; kringIe and YuIe-
tide Joy and happiness and good
cheer IL Just an empty myth.
And they are to learn--WHAT?
II your little kids had awaken
ed this morning to find. In place
OF the pretty things you had tola
them Santa Claus always leaves
for good little boys and girls, that
their stockings were still hangr
ing as they had left them, limp
and vacant. would-it make any
difference to you? Would you
care?
: This letter came in The Times
mail today:
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1914-12-25
z YEGGMEN FIGHT
SEATTLE POLICE

SEATTLE, Dec. 25.--Escaping
after running revolver duel with
several police officers here yesteI-
day. two yeggmen are believed to
be wounded and In hiding in the
city today. They were suspected
of an attempt to blow open the
safe OF the Metropolitan laundry.
They opened fire on the first POI
lIceman who found them. More
than 20 shots were EXCLAIMED In
the battle.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1914-12-25

Dear Santa Clauss
1--WE rare very poor people
and my father II sick and
cancersf And my mother II
not well. My small sfetor
sprained her ankle. Ny 9TH
er sister is also sick. We
would thank you, Santa
Claus, II you would try nos
TO forget us. Our names aro
Maggie Baker, age rs years
Paul Baker, ago ~ yeors;
Mary Baker, age 0 years; Co
ella Baker, age 8 years;
g Anna Baker, age years.
We live 1T 25Ob South Tas
coma avenue ss y
Mont YOU help to show then
five little tots that there rs
Santa Claus? Won't YOU 70 Ii
their home today and prove I,
them that Kris Kringle lives. no
at the North Pole,- but RIGHT
HERE IN TACOMA?
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1914-12-25
BY ANDREW CARNEGIE.
Founder of Peace Palace ut The
Hague.

copyrighted, 1914, by the News
paper Enterprise Association
NEW YORK, Dec. 25.-The
best way our republic can help TO
restore peace on earth and good
win among men," is to set the
world an example, and this we
have done from the first.
First: 1t created nation In
which one citizens privilege be-
comes every citizens right.
Secondly: II created q free
school system for children, thus
proclaiming that all were created
free and equal.
Thirdly: It has not created a
huge army as have the chief Eu-
ropean nations. IL has not de-
yeloped militarism. On the con-
trary, it relies chiefly ON its mill
tia. Sixteen million men could
be called upon to repeI invasion,
rendering invasion impossible.
High Rank of Citizen.
Fourthly: The masses through
out the world admire our repub-
lie, and many millions have left
their native lands to become
American citizens.
Fifthly: The highest rank in
the United States is that Of citi-
zen; hence all citizens rank with
kings and emperors of other
lands, who are OF tire highest
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1914-12-25
OF
81 RlST MAS
ROBBERIES

Sneakng behind W.
she approaching the retail district
shopping bold evening grabbed
handbag containing diamond rings
cash. He struck her when she
passing every sde Mrs Berry attempted to chase 20
the thief and raised of stop thief! theft"
sncher small darted into dark alley Just several
took up the pursuit. He escaped.
MANY ROBBERIE8
Burglars, pikpockets
night while the ammed with
Mrs. j. W. Kngc sS76 East spokane the victim 81
pckpocket the Public Market While she purchasing
Christmas dinner supplies she felt her She discovered
that her p0ckebook containing ~ had
BURGLAR IN HOMES #&A
burglars enerethe
evening
with
q. w Fuhr's residence
through unlocked window while the family
food In the kitchen taken. 2s' az s55
Dozens smaller
burglars and thieves harvest tAe
advantage Of fact that half the shopping
last minute, and hsd left homes unprotected ENs
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1914-12-25
JOHN MUIR DEAl.

LOS ANGELES. Dec. Fam
ed throughout the world as a ma
turnlist. John Muir, 76 years OF
age, Is dead here today from the
effects Of an attack of pneumonia,
to which he succumbed yesterday.
He was brought to q hospital here
from Martinez, Cal.