davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-01-11
REPRESENTATIVE JOHN J. FITZGERALD.
lCopyrght by Harris & Ewing.l

lament These ministers prepare their
budget and exhibit of possible revenues
and needed Expenditures. The appropria-
ton bills are government measures. They
go through exactly as prepared, or not
at all. and if they do not so through n
automatically the ministry is overturned
and there is new election all around.
with a new parliament and new min
istry resulting.
Among the suggestions that have been
made for a reform in our own system is
one by Henry L: Stimson, who was Sec
rotary of War in the cabinet of Presi-
dent Taft. Mr.. Stimson advocates CIV
ing the members of the cabinet seats on
the floor of the House with permission to
speak in favor of their departmental esti-
mates to debate them and to answer
questions, but to have no votes.
This is objected to as being repusnant
to a democratic system of government.
In the British system each member of
the cabinet must, to qualify. be holding
by election seat in parliament He is
a representative of the people, chosen by
them, and. under both the British and the
American systems, only the elected rep
resentatives of the people are given au-
thority to direct appropriations of public
money. In the United States the cabinet
officers have had to stand for no election
whatsoever. They are merely the APP
pointed agents of the executive. Ahey
represent the President; not the people.
Representative Swager Sherley of Ken
lucky. one of the leading democrats in
the House, has another plan. 1t is to
create a committee on estimates and ex-
penditures-otherwise budget COM
mittee-to consist of certain members of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-01-11

dents of government recognize the evil
in the system. James Bryce, writing OF
it, said:
Under the system of congressional
finance here described America wastes
millions annually. But her wealth is so
great. her revenue SO elastic, that she
is not sensible of the loss. She has the
glorious privilege of youth. the privilege
of committing errors without suffering
from their consequences.
Numerous gentlemen in public life have
advocated various reforms. 1t has been
popular to assert that a budget system
would work a cure, but Mr. Fitzgerald
points out that there is great confusion
as to the meaning of the term. After
fashion we have a budget in what is
known as the book of estimates This Is
a compilation, made by the Secretary OF
the Urea sury and forwarded to Congress,
Of the estimated needs of all departments
Of the government for the ensuing fiscal
year. Accompanying it goes an exhibit,
required by an act approved March 4.
1909, of an estimate of all possible reVe-
nues for the same period.
1t has become the practice of the Presi-
dent and his cabinet in the past few years
ture more carefully than in the past and.
by harmonious action, to formulate
something of d financial policy for the
year
That however has not prevented the
legislators from increasing the sums for
You'd the estimates.
In what Is known as the responsible
ministry system. based on the practices
of the British parliament. the cabinet
ministers have seats on the floor of par
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-01-11
UPS and Downs.

KISS BELLE DE COSTA GREEN.
Nl the n-thousand-dollar librarian or
the Morgan collections, was talking in
New York about her campaign in behalf
NJ her underpaid sister librarians.
Women are TO blame in a way. she
said. .for the underpayment that pre-
walls among them. They must change
their attitude.
women in the past pretended to he
helpless and clinging in order To Halter
man.
woman thought that. by allowing man
TO look down on her. he would look up 10
her.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-01-11
Ever-Growing Horrors

Ever-Growing Horrors
of Sweating in Eng
land, Against Which a
Determined Crusade, In
Which the Duchess of
Marlborough and John
Galsworthy Will Take
Leading Parts, Is About
to Be Nlade-NIothers
and Children Who Card
7o8 Hooks and Eyes to
Earn } Cents and
Whose Working Hours
Are From ) O'Clock in
the Morning Until IL
at Night - The Two
Million Female Work
ers of Great Britain.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-01-11
norlty Member.

OBODY loves the
chairman of I h e
a p p J. O pri atoms
committee, In the
House of Repre-
sentatiyeS of the
United States he
is chosen largely
on his ability to
say NO and to
say il hastily, II
necessary, for a
mild and ladylike
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-01-11

Lord Dunraven. some ten years ago, de-
clared could hardly be exaggerated"
and which have grown worse in the in
tervening time, but which one may hope
to see at least mitigated in the near flu
ture.
Women like Mary Macarthur, secretary
of the Women's Trade Union League
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-01-11
ND EXPENDITURES


net government, and not in a government
such as ours And Mr.. Mccarthy wei
says further: That American states haN'
adopted the budget bill stands inonu-
ment TO the stupidity of political ecuHo-
mists who have recommended it To Amer
lean legislatures in the past -
ASHMUN BROWN.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-01-11

Chairman of Appro-
prlatlons Committee of
the House Must Know
How to Say No"
and Mean It-Served
Twelve Years on the
Committee as a Mi
nority Member.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-01-11

tendent sanitary inspector of Glasgow.
has set down that sum as the least
upon which a working woman in the
provinces can exist, while in the hair
trade a majority of women fail to
reach this sum.
In the English dress and corse, MAX
ing trades the percentage earning less
three. while in practically all the
trades for women there are consid-
cradle numbers whose weekly earn
ings do not reach $500. Two of the
remaining groups of trades, the pot
terry, brick and glass and food drink
and tobacco trades show much worse
figures.
In the pottery trade. of which Arnold
Bennett has written so wildly en-
ployment is accompanied always by
risk of lead poisoning. One would ex-
pect this risk to be acknowledged by
higher wages. Yet in this dangerous
occupation the average wage is only
So a week. and one woman in three
fails to achieve $3.50. Brickmaking.
though free of poisoning risk, is ter
ribly hard. and beyond the capacity of
all but the strongest women. The eX-
cessive energy it demands is rewarded
by the average wage of $215. while,
of the time workers in the trade one
woman in four gets less than $2.25.
"Glass bottle manufacture shows truly
appalling figures Here the average
wage Is 81 and a few cents, While the
condition of the women who toll in the
food and drink trades is worse, if any
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-01-11

Mr. Fitzserald's chief objection to the
method of appropriating public moneys is
that responsibility for appropriating is di-
vided. Instead OF one committee on ap-
preparations drafting all the appropria-
ton bills eight different committees draft
them The committee on military affairs
prepares the military appropriation bills
the committee on agriculture makes up
the one carrying sums for all the many
activities of Secretary Houston's depart
ment, the committee on post offices and
post roads handles all appropriations for
the Post Office Department. and so it
goes.
zach committee is intent on its own
bill. Log rolling is inevitable. All stu
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-01-11

past in the morning until / o'clock
at night, all for the sake of earning
q cent and a half. and sometimes less
than that. for every hour they toll. In
the millionaire city OF birmingham
wretched mothers. with little children
If three. four and five years helping
them. put hooks and eyes OF cards all
day. and sometimes all night. too. for
a wage that averages 80 cents a week
-;S4 hooks and as many eyes having
10 be Carded in order to earn cents.
\ woman brushmaker from the Lon
don slums recently told d committee
"f the house of commons that she was
paid Is cents for filling 1000 holes in
the backs of hairbrushes, Working
hard. she added. she can fill 200 holes
in an hour and this woman. who now
is sixty. declared that she had shaved
ut her trade since her seventh year.
that she never had idleG and never had
had q single holiday. Now her sight is
falling and her hand is losing it's cum
ming. Soon she will have to go into
The workhouSe or StarVe.
= :.
The cases mentioned are examples Of
the horrors OF sweating III this coun-
try-horrors which committee under
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-01-11

whose name is we'll known in the United
States, have been working for years to
focus public opinion upon the factory
work, and have succeeded lately in gain
ing powerful supporters. Perhaps the
most notable Of these recruits, on ac-
count of her great wealth. energy and
bri liant social position. is the American
Duchess of Marlborough. who now has
espoused the cause of the sweated women
of this country Enthusiastically. She re-
Gently held. at Sunderland house, her
splendid home in Mayfair. the most rep
resentative and Influential gathering ever
got together in this country to consider
the subject. AT this gathering cabinet
ministers, peers and peeresSes. captains
Lament listened to the stories of woman
workers from the latter's own lips, and
nearly S4,OGo raised in behalf of the
organizati ton which is working tooth and
nail to rid Great Britain of the evil which
was described by Lord I-yttonr the grand
son of the famous Victorian novelist. as
this dry-rot that is sappins the strength
of the nation.
Hardly less ardent a fighter than the
American duchess in the new campaign
is John Galsworthy, novelist and dram
atist. who, besides inveighins against
the new slavery with as much fervor as
did Charles Dickens against the Bum
bledom' of Oliver Twists day and the
abuses of the private schools of the
Saueers type. has just contributed $50
to the funds of the National Anti-Sweat
ing League.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-01-11

OWN i'll The reek-
ing east end of
this richest city
in the world. half
starved W @ M e n
and girls. whose
workroomS u : g
suualid dens in
teuemeuts. drive
sewing machines
as fast as their
streus tn will per-
init from half
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-01-11

No and Il object. are the words
that must be constantly on his lips The
pose ne must assume before his fellow
members is a cantankerous ore. He must
be prepared to take the responsibility, in
the eyes Of the public, for extravagant
expenditures of public funds which he
cannot prevent. and at the same time to
accept the blame for the death of vast
amount Of popular legislation carrying
appropriations
The big. good-natured American public
ever is urging upon its representatives in
Congress laws which make further in
roads the public treasury. A govern
ment that spends money is always more
popular than one which saves it. There
Is small political uutriment for the aver
age congressman IN trying to save public
money. Popularity comes to those who
propose some new and popular manner
of spending IL.
But somewhere in the machinery of the
House there must be u check. Some
body must give his time to beating back
the demands. There must be watch
dog Of the Treasury" that title which
Sam J. Randall wore so well a genera
tion ago in the position.
I5y long-eStablished custom. il falls TO
the lot of the committee on appropria-
committee in particular to fight increases
in appropriations. The battle always IS
a losing one. but the chairman must re-
treat lighting.
For the coming fiscal year the various
departments of the government estimate
that they will need a total of one billion,
one hundred and eight million. six hun
dred and some odd thousand dollars. Es-
timated revenues are only one billion,
;hirty-iive million. The question before
The appropriations committee is to cut
its garment according to its cloth.
This committee has jurisdiction over
only something more than 20 per cent OF
the total. Ii prepares some Of the regu-
lar supply bills. but it is left to other
committees to prepare various other APP
preparation bills, such as the one for the
military establishment. the one for the
naval establishment and the like. Blu,
when those committees bring their bills
the floor it is up to the chairman OF
the committee on appropria atoms to try
10 reduce them. He does this by every
parliamentary trick he knows. He has
to. Without such fighting the sum tota
Of appropriations would mount to 81
Santic proportions.
Representative John j. Fitzgerald o.
BrooklyS,, y. y, is chairman of The com
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-01-11


surgent combination. He offered GER
tain amendments reforming various of
the rules, but he opposed vigorously
the plan to take the power to appoint
though Champ Clark. then the minority
leader. was endeavoring to have this
very thing done.
The Fitzgerald amendments were
adopted. Later, over IT, protests of
Fitzgerald, the Speaker was shorn of
his power Fitzgerald. for his opposi-
ton, was denounced vigorously by in
surgent republicans and democrats
alike He was called IAN assistant re-
publican" a tool Of Joe Cannon He
sat tight.
Very recently Speaker Clark publicly
declared that when the democrats were
making those strenuous efforts to
break the power of the Speaker back
in 1909, they were playing politics"
He pointed out that the party in power
ever wants strong rules to facilitate
while the party in opposition always
shrieks against the iniquity of such
rules.
Not yet has any one heard Fitzgerald
say: Il told you So"
Speaker Clark has referred to Mr. F'itz-
gerald as the most expert parliamenta-
rian on the floor of the House. and this
Is lne reputation he TITS party mas
RELOCATED to the limbo of forgotten things
the unkind remarks it made about him
back in 1909. 1t is glad to have the serv-
ices of such a man to help the party keep
its platform pledges of economy in the
conduct Of the government
Mr. Fitzgerald is one of the youngest
men who ever served as chairman. Of the
great appropriations committee But he
has been trained in the service. Most of
his adult years have been spent in Con-
gress.
A native of Brooklyn, born March TO-
1872, and a graduate of the Manhattan
College of New York city, Mr.. Fitzgerald
was admitted to the bar at the age of
twenty-one. He practiced law in Brook
lyn for seven years. Then, in 1898, he was
elected to the Fffty-sixth Congress Since
then he has been reelected regularly.
In this age of specialization in all
things Mr.. Fitzgerald has specialized on
the subject of public revenue and eXpen-
ditures Like practically every chairman
of the appropriations committee who has
preceded him in recent years, he lifts up
his voice in protest against the prodigal
and reckless fiscal system that prevails in
this government. He Is opposed to the
plan-or lack of pian-on which the public
money is apportioned to various purposes.
The extraordinary increase in the cost of
federal government in the past few years,
he holds, is not justified.
A studious. eye-glassed. thin haired
young man. rather precise as to dress and
appearance there is hint Of the univer-
sity about this authority on Uncle Sans
fiscal affairs. But he is no academic
statesman. In the rough and tumble of
politics or in the fierce Interchange that
sometimes characterizes debate on the
floor he is well able to take care of him
self. 1t is joyous day for the onlook-
ers when Fitzgerald and that other par
Humanitarian. Mann, the republican floor
leader, mix it.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-01-11


me that a change back to the olo 81 zen
is essential in the House preliminary "
any other reform. Unless this step pe
taken all other efforts at reform VIII Ne
futile.
at is not too much to say that the
rand increase in the cost OF the leoei ai
government is attracting universal at
tention. Many thoughtful men regard
our profiigate fiscal arrangements as LAG
greatest menace to the permanency Vi
the Union. but the proper solution OIL liie
MANY problems presented is compilcaeeo
bv the good natured Indifference Oh the
neople. While a Treasury surplus -
maintained by a system of Indirect taxa
tion so iugeniously devised that lhdliu
nal burdens are not readily appreciates
but are assiduously proclaimed as oiess
ings it will be difficult to AWAKEN .iie
mass of people to the importance oil INC
questions involved. o.
"An examination of the DEBATES III On
crosses prior to 1850 and during Una.
Soneress shows that with prophetic
wisdom such men as James A. Garheiu,
Samuel J. Randall, Gen. Keller ana
Thomas b. Reed all predicted tnat were
Jurisdiction over Appropriation piiis u
yided among several committees eXtia'a-
sance inevitably would result. inelr
predictions have been amply Justileu.
Gen. keifer expressed the general view
as follows: -
~ believe Mr.. Chairman, that II you
transfer to the various committees OF
this House the duties of preparing the
several appropriation bills there will be
strife between those committees,
each striving to obtain the most appfo-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-01-11

Allied with these and with Mary Mac
arthur are. besides Lord Lytton. c. +. G..
Masterman, the strenuous financial sec
rotary to the treasury and LLOYD
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-01-11
CONGRESSMAN JOHN FITZGERALD spEClALlZEs PUBLIC REVEE

the WAYS and means and appropriations
committees. and the chairman and one
other member of the committees having
Jurisdiction of the annual approprlaton
bills: this proposed committee to report
the available revenue for the next ensu-
ing year and to apportion to the respec-
tive committees that part of the revenue
that may he distributed by it in the re-
spective supply bills.
Mr.. Fitzserald's plan is to put juris-
dction over appropriations into the hands
of single committee on appropriations
Of thirty members He would have as
members of that committee the chairmen
of the committees on naval affairs. mill
tary affairs post office. foreign affairs.
agriculture and Indian affairs, each one
Of which committees now frames its own
appropriation bills. He would take from
the committee on rivers and harbors,
which now frames the rivers and har-
bors appropriation bill, that work ana
lodge it in the one appropriations com
mittee.
B,,t he would leave to those several
committees authority to present pllls loI
enlarg:ng the activities of their seVerai
departments Thus the committee on
naval affairs would report a naval policy
as to ship construction, but it would be
l,p to the committee on appropflauohs "
say how much of the public funds should
he used for carrying out that policy III
any one year. ---...,
Mr.. F-itZserald would make it Impossible
to attach general legislation to an APP
preparation bill, now prolific cause OF
complaint, and he also would pronloit
the appropriation of any money save IN
a general appropriation bill, thus pre-
venting the sneakng of an appropriation
into a ti.l that seemingly appropflales
nothing.
During the first ninety-three years OF
the Union" said Mr.. Fitzgerald. the
other day in discussing his plan. there
was concentrated in one committee con-
troll of all the general appropriation bills.
In 1885, from a variety of causes, TINS
method was changed and the work was
divided among eight committees. rms
method is universally condemned by DIS
interested students of our government.
The evening world., 1914-01-13

0yNOr0is q PRECEDING oHAtrHns.
Ehs ea.Sass 70 niadAs sosd Mes Yorh sA.at..
a. CAR. E,ssSi. ;, ssa.. ssi 1., ps.as. :
slafv? eat w Their rsturn = Nss tor. sas o.
1900 u w. p:I...s = .is ."SIss;.S;,
900. = N. bsano CLOSELY .stnhsd. abe
sys. p snsp.s whe .Sad sIsal " treasury.
saoas Is sses. q. haSoh q iSsas,tS " a.
e! ss'ss" G:.s: s::h;s d: :s;s 4 $780, s:;s,
IS Hs.sss vssS. BUY Ii!s.. . ,o,ss Uposs.,
~ haAs teat ~ ~ - esss entered 80
ssiseSss: ..ss ~ 5 s,..ssA. . e ssiss %
.,p;:, % M,, h,S" e. :n ,s s s..,. ."c.E
sons ~ 80 (. a. 10; :. ' Z, q sss.H ~ -
AIdurs hia l. sayS ~ diamonds bal, ne 70
thsar sid y oais . soothc,d n Asxiaa
The evening world., 1914-01-13

SsassA according - ne lass ssnsuA
Thee agurss are aot - startling 81
some Of NE sinGuiAs slaSis oeA. but Ne
aSssiSA " ioeaitA
u shis Nhslseale aale assogtmsaa ~
bsst available secords show that enc ~
Of every one hundred - ssvsatsss y
holding Aask. hoplnG sss ivsA y lsAs
year. and Doasshly three cut q svsry
Other shirty-a NJ admit that tAsy ass
more o. len bcokss % Aaitss - vtl1iAo
70 take . chance In hArnen
"a. looking at the matter s1uarssy.
shinss are not nearly ~ ~ - the Ssh
committee nus - Is reported % Tie
hrst q the year. with . sood srads es
bAss burner b tAs baes reen. % stse0
heat ho,da6 steady ~ twenty Ave
pounds. or hot air. JAnuasy and rsbru-
ary ought to count iaSes n the Easter
totais and starr . 6oon h ths bridal
present trade
II 10 unfossuassA - ssvrsA tAaA ~
distributes q available young msa has
bunohsd Q good many where the SRI
supSiy y short while - othse sectioaa
wA,srs there Amt Uhrss pairs q socks IN
Q Monday wash the Bessie and Teeoas
delegation V suons enough 70 carry the
primariss and put through ne amend.
ments taxing bAnhsiorA
Oun there's hopA VITA ne railroads
SaGVag winter out-rats excursion ucksta
VITA stoe-ovss psivtisrss. and the parcel
poss making h Dsssfhas - shiD candy
The evening world., 1914-01-13

pAnamA Canal-thsse we're the SRA
tesic points Of Q world conquest suoh
- history had never witnessed Ger.
many In possession Of Mexico. With
half . million troops masssd on our
bordsr-why. she could nippantly trend
on the lion's tail any day and 80 TO
war and say to us, Help England
And lose reD,s, Arisona. New Mexico
snd California" With half . nillion
tA into almost anythinGi
0onslsur's voice had reAn0ed Q seq
Ny resoivs vac taken.
"Nsvsrr' was the sas 'meassssnsd
siiiy echoed it--Nvsrr- HIS mo.sns
had down with mine and he'd sssn the
impending calamity which We two. out
Of the " ria. could now prevent Then.
drawing himself to his full height. he
gave forth our ultimatum To the nation
at large. You lust 80 eeoa and teil
never have Mexico o. the Panama
Canali"
The net result ef the remainder q our
hurried oolloquy vas that We returned
20 the dining room and alently relieved
the sttil-sorrow wing monsieur Of his hand
cuffs. Which done. Billy prsssntsd HIM
with leave Of absence from our society
b the words:
"Monasur. yeu are fsss - 90" sn<
added Q oourtly bow.
The net result Of the rsmainAsr Of the
interview was that monsieur promised
20 release both Mrs. Dsiarto and me Of
aal sspaona3s Immediately smiss his
solitary detective Who was shadowsnl
ms-brins Claire to the house ths nsxt
evening for Q ftsN confession q hO past
sf the anu ggiins; while ] pPomtsed Ia
sss Mrs. Dslario the Arst thing II M
mornins "a uss 81 NJ inAusass wrA
her.
'.ro-mos~ov n Ass,ds absst 6ssnS y
De President" thought I turning -
ne uSista "rvs GOT sverythinS al M
ewn way nov and s0thiNG 70 gotn0 u
karlpsa te-night-that's one thinS - n
}. tAankfSh foP." And VITA tAsss aal ssns
|, na, fstuous mauMdsNRss and esss-ss~
gratu,stieAs. I tSsEbisd Into bed Wthoa
svsa bssAsssnS - Sesk The hissAo Ssss