davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1914-05-24
STORMY LAKE CHELAN.

knew that for twenty miles farther these
precipitous cliffs extended.
When they Were at their wits ends the
wind abated little as they increased
their distance frCm the .%IroMtst part
OF the chasm. and soon they We're de-
lighted to see a little niche III the noun
tain wall even with the water edge. not
larger than an ordinary room in d dwell
ing house. and strewn with loose rocks.
Here by good mana cement of their boat,
they made a landing and pulled up their
craft
They had at least a partial shelter
from the winds. They repaired their
mast but the waves We're still SO high
that it would have been madness TO re-
embark. They CroUched among the
rocks until ) o'clock the next morning,
when the wind and waves died down
little.
Then they Ncntured out into the lake
and were blown ON rapidly and sats.y Tor
thirty miles. Here, at the mouth of
Twenty-Five Mile creek, they found a SET
uement and shelter.
Evening star., 1914-05-24
THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON. D. c. NAY a. 1911 PART t.

the constitutonalist army in the state of
Chihuahua, and. in agreement with the
plan of Guadalupe. provisional governor
of the same state, do now. in accord with
the extraordinary powers with which 1
find myself invested, deem it advisable to
decree the following:
Having sufficient proofs relative to the
intervention of various capitalists of the
state in the latest difficulties that the
fatherland has had to contend with,
thereby causing-as a result of the de-
fense naturally undertaken against spo-
liation. military uprisines and betrayals-
numerous victims, orphans and widows,
who now lament the irreparable loss Of
those who were the sole support of the
innocent, and whose one fault was their
patriotism, patriotism in itself to be
envied as it maintained the honor of the
fatherland and as there are also to be
found among these queStionably rich men
those who have by a thousand means de-
frauded the public revenues for more
than half a century of domination through
craft and through force, l believe. in jus
tice, that the hour has at length arrived
for them to render an accounting before
the bar of public opinion. While in due
time legal proceedings shall be under
taken before those who must bring to
Evening star., 1914-05-24

cember T., 1913 Gen. Francisco Villa.
military governor of the states. Ter
razaS. secretary.
The state bank was provided for in
a decree issued on the same day.
1t Will be noted that the declara tion
of confiscation is complete. although
the equitable distribution of the prop
critics contiscated is to be regulated by
future law and the soldiers are to
share in the distribution of the lands.
The promise to restore their properties
to the primitive owners has reference
through technicalities and their little
holdings swallowed up in the big
h3ciendaS.
The international view of the land
question is not one that the revolu-
tionists concerned themselves with.
How many of the ranches and haciendas
were mortga ged by their Mexican
owners to foreigners almost to the full
value is conjectural but there have
been many such instances, possibly
sometimes in collusion. In the case of
the Spanish owners of ranches and
hacendas they have been treated as
if they were Mexfcans, and the land
has been occupied by Villas men as of
natural right.
When the foreign governments find a
government of some kind established
in MeNico which can be held responsi-
BILE the restoration of the lands claimed
b. their nationals viii be one of the
first questions pressed for settlement.
1t is one OF the biggest responsibilities
that the State Department assumed in
keeping European nations from active
Intervention.
The meekness with which Secretary
Evening star., 1914-05-24

after Villas victory at Torreon-owes
much of its success to the prospect of a
division of the land
This is true in other states well as
Chihuahua. though not in so great a
degree. Here it was concentrated against
the TerraZas family and their affiliated
family groups who also had large land
holdings.
The frequency and intensity of the
declaration by Villa and the other chiefs
of the revolution that this time there
shall be no compromise means not sim
ply no political compromise. such Ma
dero was compelled to make but no
compromise in staying the confiscation of
the land held by the Terraces family. In
other states there is not the same hostil-
ity to the great hacienda owners as indi-
vduals. many Of whom were passive in
the struggle. but that their land is want
ed is sufficient to charge them with being
enemies of the people and therefore
taking possession.
Wherever they got control the revolu
tionsts first seized the land as a mill
Evening star., 1914-05-24

tary measure. the most influential rebel
general sometimes having an hacienda
assigned to him to work on shares with
the revolutionary government.
In 1897 the JuareZ government. after
its fierce struggle with the church. con-
liscat"d the church properties. This was
done as national measure and the con-
fscarion was sometimes described as the
naturalization of the churchS goods.
In the present case the conhscation has
been by such state governments as the
revolutionists have been able to set up
without always WAITING till they We're
in full possession of the state. DEGREES
of confiscatiou have been promulgated in
Coahuila, Durango and Sonora well as
in Chihuahua. The farms differed. The
spirit was the same.
Preliminary official contiScation and
Evening star., 1914-05-24

ing 1t. They were said to be weary of pay
ing even tn. moderate land taxes and 9TH
er contributions exacted under the Madero
government. Then Orozco pillaged his
way out of northern Mexico, Huerta
came into power at the seat of govern
ment, and the counter revolution was
started in the north by the Maderists,
with Villa foremost, and some of those
who had not been Maderists.
Its agraran aspects were pronounced.
1t is probably true that If in the begin
ming and up to recent period there had
not been semi-b.igandase, with ample
license fo.. rapine ard plunder, it would
have made slow headway. A Mexican
revolution resting solely on the justness
rf -llo Gauge may some DAY occur. hut
.. .ie-2tiru Net TIE pres
-... - is. Il. revolutionary stace
Evening star., 1914-05-24

light all the responsibilities that these
men have contracted before and with
the Mexican peoples and as it has been
clearly proved on previous occasions that
the possession of their interests has serv-
ed only to buy traitors and assassinate
public officials, whose excess of gener-
osty has been an incentive to evildoinS,
it is now necessary, in order to save
our nationality, to cut the evil at its root,
ca rrying to a conclusion-in addition to
other proceedings in behalf of the public
health, as may be required from time to
time-the confiscation of the property of
the evil Mexicans, who have bartered
away human life. and who are the direct
cause of the shedding of our blood;
therefore, for these reasons, all of which
justify our attitude Jefore the honor of
Evening star., 1914-05-24

can lady. He was the American consul
at Chihuahua. who followed the JuareZ
government from place to place during
the French occupation.
x -
His correspondence with Secretary
Seward during this period is an interest
ing chapter in our diplomatic history.
though not all of it is in the archives of
the State Department. Enrique Creel
was banker and at one time was called
the Pierpont Morgan of Mexico. His
financial ability is feared much
the masterfui qualities Of the Terrazas
themselves
Por,iTIO i'-.s r a-''-' : N-!i
the intentio. =. c..,l,ei .lE- swh. Of
Evening star., 1914-05-24

consist of concrete blocks built on beds
of sand upon which apparatus is first
put up in connection with the flooring.
This is in order that the least jar from
any other piece of machinery Will not be
transmitted to the instrument being set
up or the block.
%he entrance To the building is simple
thouLn impressive. On the threshold Il
bronze compass is set in. while from
the ceiling of tn. entrance hall hangs
Il chandelier. on the globe of which is a
map OF the world showing the extent
OF the explorations carried on by the
depa rtment.
In conjunction with this main building
is now being constructed a non-magnet!c
building or observatory to provide the
necessary facilities for tests and re-
searches requiring "A non magnetic struc-
ture. This building is far enough away
from the main building to be practically
beyond its disturbing influence.
The construction of this smaller OBJ
servatory. like the yacht Carnegie. Is,
solely of wood and copper mails. 1t IS
oue-Story affair about IS feet by - feet.
and the purpose of this building. in brief,
is to supply the necessary facilities for
testing and standardiZing the magnetic
Instruments before they are used ABOARD
the Carnegie or by the various land eN-
petitions.
cable to fit out its own expeditions CO.
operates with other ones. training ana
sending its members to help. Dr. Bauers
department has co-operated with Nav
sons antarctic expedition just returned,
while one of the departments observers
ACCOMPANIED Peary's polar expedition as
far as t,tah Greenland. There are at
present parties in South America, Africa,
Australasia and China
In connection with this department is
the non-nl;IGnetic yacht Carnegie Ihe
yacht is for the sole purpose of securing
observations of the magnetic elements at
sea and is a sailing craft, but provided
with auxiliary propulsion by means Oh
an internal-combustion engine. The Car
necie is SO built as to be entirely non
magnetic and has cruised in the Atlantic,
Pacific and Indian oceans, covering ap-
proximately $1,000 miles up to date.
The scope of the work performed by
this ship is to observe the three mag
netic clements, namely, the declinatIon.
dip and intensity. Declination Is the va
Ration from east to west. dip the down
needle and intensity the measure of the
magnetic force acting on the needle.
As the purpose of the department Is to
make q general magnetic survey OF the
globe within a period of fifteen years and
to investigate various questions OF prac-
teal and scientific interest connected with
this vast undertaking, it has been neces-
sary to send exploratory expeditions to
distant and more or less uneXplored coun-
tries. The amount of travel completed
by the Carnegie and by the observers
Evening star., 1914-05-24

the whole world. do 1 decree the follow
ing:
First On behalf of the public welfare.
and in order to guarantee the pensions
of those made widows and orphans
through the defense of the Mexican peo-
pie against the exploiters of the admin
jstration. and in order also to pay the
damages that may result through the
verdicts of the special courts that will
be established in the territory of this
conflict, with the title of Restitution of
Properties Illegally acquired whereby
the sum total of these damages will he
ascertaned and assigned to the pur-
Evening star., 1914-05-24

the motives inspiring it in Chihuahua
were embodied in the Villa decree issued
in December. 1919 The language is not
exactly the language of Pancho Villa
himself but in the original Spanish it
very faithfully reflects his sentiments. II
contains substantially the whole peon
program.
A free translation might lose some of
the intensity of the resentment which
pervadeS this human document and a
pretty literal one Is therefore given. IL
should be read and interpreted in its
entirety.
Evening star., 1914-05-24
Work

the anchors are of heavy manganese
bronze. to which were attached eleven
inch he,np cables.
When ii is recalled that the sea COW
ers about four-fifths of the globe. 1t
is seen what an important part this
ship plays in the work Of the depart
ment
Early in June the Carnegie will sail
from Brooklyn. this time bound for the
..orwegian coast. After cruising in the
North Atlantic for several months she
will return to Brooklyn toward the end
OF the present year.
1t is planned next year that she will
leave Brooklyn for two-year cruise
in the southern Pacific and south At
lantic between parallel fifty degrees
south and seventy degrees south. where
but few magnetic data have been OBJ
tanned during the past seventy-iive
years.
The Carnegie her cruise this year
will be commanded by Capt J. p. Ault.
one of the most experienced magnets
clans of the department Former COM
mander of the Carnegie. Capt. W. J. Pc
Iers will take charge of an important
expedition to secure magnetic data in
the Hudson Bay region.
Many of these expeditions have oeen
in compare lively uneNplored regions.
and have been attended with more or
less danger and many difficulties uave
had to be surmounted. Happily not "A
single casualty has thus far occurred
in any of these exploratory expeditions.
With the completion of the various
expeditions planned for this year and
the TWO following years on land and
at sea it is hoped that there will be
sufficient data to enable the depar'-
ment go with the construction OF
II new set Of magnetic charts Tor the
greater portion of the earth based
for the first time upon the material
the accuracy Of which can be precise
ly ascertained. The solution of several
of the outstanding questions in terres-
trial ma gnetiSm can then be alta ined.
Evening star., 1914-05-24

Terrazas Family of
Mexico. Vast Land
owners, Now Stripped
of Their Possessions.
Relation of the Land
owner to the Peon.
How the Lands Were
Secured and How Lost.
Villas Proclamation
Conhscating Th e m.
The Question of Land
Division.
Evening star., 1914-05-24

THERE lies in the northern part oil
/ the state Of Washington remark
able lake called Chelan. More than iortN
miles in length. Chelan Is hahE>eu
through a great part Of its extent oy
nrecipitous mountains. 1t lies IN re
eicu both wild ana rugged. In the PIC
turesoIeness of its surroundings II ls'
PERHAPS, unmatched by any large Amer
lean lake except Winnepesaukee, htt
the latter is a gentle and hospitabie sneet
of water when compared with Cheian-
AS showing the stormy character ol
i.helau there may be cited the experience
of two members of the state road COM
mission. AN experience that nearly cost
them their lives.
To"ether in sailboat these men at
t4mpted to sail down the lake. For a
while everything went Wen. ntA
cruised along the shore. stopping aers
and there at the mouths OF streams anu
catching large numoers OF trout
*
Then they approached the narrows'
where the lake makes oeio' Hie
through the narrow walls of the noun
tn, the wind draws with teffliic io- =
80, the lake is dangerous!
e., ,ine days out of ten the Sea'
- is a yeritable cave OF the "ii'0'
.ha far northern mountains-oF i,1oi
perhaps. like the seething waters Oh - .He
:, hirlnool at Niagara, with the "ihos
added. Sos,
here the two voyagers got into !, sea sea
the like of which they had never oeiuir ''nr
tiiv ,tarad The water. dashed over
emcpun.eie tle Irai, craft and they were drenehed
t. the skin. With sail furled they Went WEI!
through the water at a speed that fright
cned them Presently the mast prohe
on at the mercy of wind and water. They
lost all hope. since on both sides of the
lake the mountains rose sheer from the
water, forming solid wall, and they
Evening star., 1914-05-24

From tie oficial Paper of the StateD
i. Gen. Francisco villa, first chief of
Evening star., 1914-05-24

the land under Madero than they had
been under DiaZ.
x
Then came the carnival Of riiiase
known as the OroZco revolution or mu-
tiny Orozco had been With Madero in
the oyerthrowing of the DiaZ rule. When
he took the warpath on his own account,
the Maderists called it treason. The
Orozcoists said it was exercising the
same right of revolution that Madero
had exercised Actually ii was undis-
guised, but organized, brigandage, mer-
cenary and venal in every attribute
The Terraces family was charged.
whether rightly or wrongly, with financ-
Evening star., 1914-05-24

Comparatively all the material used in
the building of this ship is non-masnetic,
even the auxiliary engine which is ccn-
structed of copper and bronze. All metal
parts of the ship are either Of bronze or
copper. SO that they have absolutely no
effect on the compass. 1t is indeed in
teres1ing to note that the cutlery used
on board ship is of Mexican silver While
Evening star., 1914-05-24
BY CHARLES M. PEPPER.

Special Correspondence of The star.
CHIHUAHUA. Mexico, May IA, 1914.
Evening star., 1914-05-24

OF

in charge of the land expeditions ap-
proNimated January /, 1914, 100000
miles.
Evening star., 1914-05-24

, - ~IDDEN away in the rural seo
ton adjacent to ROCK Green
Park is a building but re-
Gently completed, dedicated
- b,, the Carnegie Institution
Evening star., 1914-05-24

Ie land under Madero than they had
a.u und.l. DiaZ
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-09-23
Napoleon as a Loeter

From the Pluadelpnla Ledger.
 As a looter of fallen foes property Napoleon had no peer. Half the thinrs you see in the Paris galleries today were really stolen from Spain, Italy, Austria Germany and other countries,
 A good deal of such booty was re- turned to it's original owners when inc allied armies 100 years ago last spring en- tered Paris. Thus the famous bra ss horses of St. Marks were carried back f., Venice
 The sword of Frederick the Grea f which Napoleon had personally seized. was also returned to its place upon tha coffin of that celebrated warrior.
 But France retained a vast deal .,s stolen property. Among the most famous pictures in the Louvre in Paris Is MuriI- To $ Ascension of the Virgin Mars.,al Soult captured il in Spain and sold 1t tt, the French government Tor {aO,O0o.
 One of the subtlest arguments ever ad- vanced by that prince of schenlinr diplo- mats, Tallyrand. concerned these great works of art that had been cactured bv the little corporars armies. He insistesl that the allies were in 1914 waprinr against Napoleon. but not against France and that this loot now belonged to France and not to Napoleon.
 The point, however, was foo f1ne,v drawn to be seen by such other scheminr ambassadors.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-09-23
TALKS ON THRIFT
THRIFTY PERSONS WHO GOT
 AHEAD

By aaying as you go and keeping books you avoid the pitfalls of excess. Andrew Carnegie
 From newsboy to president of a corpora ton with an annual business of s1 000, 900 in IA years. is the record of Max McGraw. now, at the age of s1 years, one of the leading business men of the middle west and president of manufacturing com pany with offices in Sioux City, Omaha and Los Angeles.
 And MT. McGraw got his start by saving money, having embarked in business at IT years of age with $500, which he saved from the earnings of newspaper ''route" which he ''carried' for five years and half
 The route was seven miles and a half long, and young McGraw covered it twice a day on horseback. summer and winter, all those years, and studied evenings Is it any wonder that such industry and thrift have so early won success? Abiding to the fact that so many Greek immigrants here find employment as boot blacks, newspaper wit said: "The Greeks did not do very well at the Olympic games but they shine In America"
 The story of Gus Travillas of Chicago shows that grit and thrift are not the ex- elusive possession of any one nationality and the Greeks can succeed here as well as persons of any race in America, which Is the melting pot of many nationali- ties.
 Ten years ago Gus was a newsboy on one of the busy street corners of Chicago He early became savings depostor. and as his balance in the bank grew he kept his eyes open for opportunities and with the timely aid and counsel of his banker he made a number of successful deals
 He now owns six nickle moving picture theatres and other property. Any time he wants 1t. he ffan borrow money at the bank on his note.
 Colonel Mayo the richest man in Ken lucky. died few weeks ago. Twenty-Five years ago he was a strug- gling school teacher in eastern Kentucky At 45 he had a fortune of $20,OO0, 900. His fortune grew from the meager earnings he saved from his salary a country school teacher.
 In teaching in various districts Mayo had gained an intimate Knowledge of the mountain country's mineral and timber re- sources, and became acquainted with those sections richest in mineral wealth.
 He discovered that thousands of acres were occupied by "squatters." many of whom would give options for s. Later he borrowed all the money he could to put into these options. When the develop ment of the eastern Kentucky coal fields began he was able to interest railroad ot- mines, and was soon on the road to for tune.
 Thrift always pays dividends
 T. D. MACGRECOR
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-09-23
HOW PEANUTS ARE SALTED-
Much Care Has to Be Taken in Their
 Preparation for Market

There are two distinct kinds of sated peanuts, according to A. P. Grohens, an authority on that subject. The ordinary kinds are tho ones prepared from SpaaA ish shelled peanuts. unblanchcd, or ir other class of salted peanuts Is prepared from the Virginia varieties and blancned, says the New York Times. The blanehed sated peanuts are usually put up In small paraffned paper sacks to prevent carly deterioration.
 To prepare the unblanched varieties of salted peanuts the manufacturer makes use of copper kettle or of an iron steam iacketed kettle. This kettle is partly filled with vegetable fat or "konnut." When this fat has come to the boiling point the peanuts. by means of wire basket. are lowered into the sat and boiled to a straw color. When done the wire basket Is raised above the fat to al low the oil to drain off and then the nuts are discharged into a suitable vessel og trough, where the salt Is applied while the nuts are still hot.
 The making of blanohed peanuts re- oures a different process. The Virginia shelled peanuts are roasted in special roaster to 8 light straw color. After this. and as soon as they are cooled of,
 
 which removes the red skins as we'll as the bitter germs or sprouts. The nuts are then salted In order to produce a ready cohesion for the salt it is neces- sary to use little cocoa oil, which is sprinkled over the nuts. and they are mixed before the salt is applied.
 The Virginia goober differs from others in that it is blanched whole and is pre- pared from only the choicest or "Jumbn'' Virginia shelled peanuts. On account .oe the great difficulty attending the banch- ing. so that the nut meats will not fall apart or into halves, this variety of suited peanuts commands a fancy price as com- pared with the plainer varieties.
 The majority of manufacturers resort to the scalding process fin planching shese nuts, for in that way the skin can be removed more readily and the nuts are not so apt to fall apart The scald;ne pro- cess. however, inJures the flavor and tends to tougher the nuts. The best plan is to roast the nuts In a regular roastef Tor 10 to 12 minutes. This Is sufficient time to loosen the skins so that when the nuts are cooled they can be blanched ay hand or by some mechanical device The short time they have been in the roaster will not have changed the appearance or raw flavor to any extent. When blanched the nuts can be cooked In pure vegetable lat in the same manner as the un- hlanched varieties, and salted immedi ttel,, after they are cooked and drained Spo- cial care must be exercised in the hand ling however. if 1t is desired to keep the nuts whole.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-09-23
SOLDIERS IN NEED OF
 BELTS AND SOCKS

London. September 22.-(6:50 p. m.) Belts and socks are the prime need of the British expeditionary army and every woman in the empire was asked today to give her share to supply this demand.
 With the approach of winter 300, 900 pairs of socks and an equal number of belts. knitted or woven, should be sup piled, according to the war office esti- mate. to supplement the regular provi- sions of the government. Queen Mary has promised to do her part and has appealed to British women to aid her. Housewives throughout the land. therefore, soon will be busy knitting.