davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-04-23
WHERE THE EASTER LILIES GROW
BY A. d. DART.

storms SO prevalent in that part Of the
Atlantic.
If Bermuda let's you pass then look
out for Hatteras." is a well-known
saying among westward bound sailors
Storms seem to have been responsible
for our early knowledge Of these
beautiful islands which unlike most
sections Of the habitable globe have
never known q war.
Mark Twain once wrote Of the
place: 1T is Heaven, but hell to gel
there
For many years England used the
islands az a convict colony but rs the
misuse Of such beautiful spot be.
came apparent the idea was aban-
doned and as many Of the convicts
who chose to remain were granted
pardons and portions Of land allotted
to each one with which to make q
fresh start, many of the descendants
still own and cultivate extensive lily
and onion farms.
The unpoetic hog having failed ia
gain foothold the pIebeian onion be-
came the staple product and for gen
erations millions Of bushels Of Ber-
muda onions were exported to Europe
and America.
Between 1870 and 1880 new Rich
mond entered the field and the onion
encountered an opponent that by po-
etic license has since inherited the
island.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-04-23
THE MARE AND THE F0AL
Raising Horses Always Breed Object Steadily Improving
the Stock On the Farm and Also of Advancing the Horse
Breeding Industry of Your State

mares should be bred to foal later ir
the spring and there are many case:
where 1t might be advisable to have
the foals come in the fall
Mares may safely be worked tc
within a week before the date of foal-
ing but should be given from two to
three weeks rest after the birth OF
! their offspring.
Moderate work insures exercise
which avoids many difficulties. Such
treatm after birth affords mares an
opportunity to recover strength and
give foals a chance to become strong
and vigorous through normal sup
ply of the mothers milk. Mares
should be fed literally on good, nu-
tritious ration to increase the flow of
milk.
Foals should not be allowed to fol-
low their dams when the latter have
been put to work. Besides causing
much trouble for the teamster they
do not develop as rapidly as when
they are left in comfortable stable.
Better that they be left in roomy,
clean, we'll ventilated stable or pad
dock while their dams are at work.
II there DO more than one they will
furnish company for one another and
can be left in the same paddock. 1t
Is necessary. however. that the foals
be allowed to suckle more frequently
than the regular feeding time during
the first two months of their life If
they are to do their best.
Beside being allowed to remain with
their dams at night and at feeding
time, the mares should be brought to
their foals once about the middle Of
the morning and evening.
Great care should always be taken,
however. that the foals are not al
lowed to suckle while the mares are
very warm for this practice will soon
develop into digestive troubles.
l always begin feeding my foals
some grain as soon as they will eat
1t which is from two to four weeks
after birth. They will eat with their
dams at first. but early mine are pro-
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-04-23
COST OF FATTENING HOGS
BY ". p. SNYDER.

=. loo parts corn alone.
| o. 70 parts corn, Is parts a,f.,r.
meal pats aiia'is
alfalfa. paf'S chopped
alfalfa. parts choppee
g. 30 parts corn. SO parts a,fa,fs
meal. pa - aiiaiis
The first three rations stand c,o..,,
together. e'o'ei'
OF the many rations tried for fat
!ei'lns' none has been found the euua
alta. - al
Wheat gives faster gains with les.
siain per 100 pounds Of grain thar
corn but the high cost of wheat
lhakes the gains more exp ensive. The
pront per pig, if fed one-half whea,
ana one-half corn while being grown
ana 1attened, is less than If fed corn,
ms IS when both grains are fed with
alfalfa. VIII
q ration Of barley and corn with
ahalra does not give as fast gain or
as much profit per hog as a ration of
corn and alfalfa.
me substitution Of parts tankage,
parts bone-meal, or rs parts shorts,
ior corn IN ration containing 80
parts corn and 10 parts chopped alf-
ana increases the cost Of gains and
decreases the profit per pig.
The substitution of 25 parts emmer
barley, wheat, or milo, for corn. in a
ration containing 80 parts corn and
~ parts chopped alfalfa, increases the
cost OF gains and decreases the profit
per hog, excepting emmer, which in
TINS test. only. increased the profit per
hog. The wheat increased the gains
but decreased the profit Barley and
milo increased the gain as well as the
profit
Ihe result of one test indicated that
bushel OF corn was worth as much
as bushel and a half of cane seed
when fed with alfalfa for fattening
logs.
Where fall pigs were wintered and
turned on alfalfa pasture in the spring
there was more profit per pig from
those grown out largely on pasture
and then fattened than from those
grown fed out more quickly.
-Four seasons records show that old
sows being fattened on corn and alf-
alfa pasture gained 2 pounds per head
daily. at 355 pounds of corn for 100
pounds of gain, and gave a net profit
OF over cents each daily.
A summary of results indicates that
the cost Of feed to produce a 225
pound market hog was s335 per 100
pounds, and that keeping the hog
until 1t weighed 325 pounds increased
the cost to 1857 per 100 pounds. This
includes only the cost Of feed and does
not include the cost Of labor, equip
ment. unusual risk. or interest on in
vestment.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-04-23
FOR THE DUCK RAISER.

Do not overcrowd the ducklings.
Twenty in a flock Is quite enough.
Their joints are very tender and easily
slipped out of place and for this rea-
son 1t is not safe to keep too many in
a yard. 1t is also a | ad plan to allow
other stock to run with them
When frightened fat duckling Is
apt to fall over on its back and If not
turned over it will lie there and die
a. it cannot get up from that position
by itself
Here Is good ration for feeding
young ducks. Bread soaked in milk,
bran Of equal quantity mixed to the
right consistency with middlings.
Ducks must have green food of
some kind and If they cannot have a
run on tender grass give them
sprouted oats.
Don't overfeed the ducks with stuff
that will swell and clog. Keep them
supplied with plenty Of water both
night and day.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-04-23
The Egg Plant

This vegetable is grown CONNER
cially only in the South, the northern
border being New jersey. Farther
north the crop Is not certain and Ia
grown only to limited extent for
home use. It's culture Is similar to
that Of the tomato, except that 1t re-
quires a much longer season to ma
turo.
The plants require a warm. sunny
exposure and thrive best In rich,
loamy soil that is fairly dry. Manure
heavily. The secret Of growing egg
plant is to use vigorous. thrifty plants
and keep them growing. Any check
to growth Ia exceedingly difficult to
overcome and invites failure Set the
larger growing varieties about feet
apart each way and the smaller
varieties less distance. Cultivate
thoroughly throughout the season.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-04-23

vided with feed box Of their own {,
which the mares are not to have &C
cess. A satisfactory grain ration FOL
| young foals consists Of bran and
crushed oats .one-half Of each.
AZ they grow older it is well tc
gradually change the ration to one
+, whole oats and bran-one-third each
They soon learn to eat grass If they
are very early colts and 1t IL well to
let them have access to It whenever
possible.
Weaving, which should occur al
about six months Of age. and to be
very simple process with foals which
have been handled as above sug-
gested.
My foals are allowed to suckle for
the last time in tho morning. The
mares are then put to work and not
brought near the foals again for two
or three days. or until both have be-
come accustomed to the new routine
Of living.
During the first day draw the milk
from the mares udder at the time
when the foals were heretofore al
lowed to 6uckle, and only thereafter
whenever really necessary. This pre-
vents udder troubles.
give my foals their allowance Of
grain at the time when they are ac-
customed to nurse and have found
that when provided with comfortable
quarters, sufficient food, water and
exercise they soon forget their
mothers and are quiet and contented
and doing we'll.
Colts which have been treated as
above described during foalhood are
in good condition to go into winter
quarters. They Will have attained a
development which is an advantage
to them throughout their period Of
growth.
Instead Of being backward In their
growth they are forward. fact which
always enhances value and increases
profit
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-04-23

often continue developing in cold
storage, and decay Is very apt to start
in such places. The fungus lives over
winter in the leaf spots. and is also
believed to be carried over to some
extent on the twigs.
scab also affects apple trees and
fruit. but usually it Is not quite so
serious as the pear scab.
Scab may be controlled by spraying
with either Bordeaux mixture (3-5-50)
or lime-sulphur. The first application
should be made just as the leaves are
unfolding. and another should be
given Immediately after the blossoms
fall The leaves should be plowed
under or gathered up and burned.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-04-23

Aogs fattenod on 90 per cent corn
10 per cent cut alfalfa.
various kinds Of feeds and therefore
the cost Of gains from the various
feeds will vary in almost every To-
cality.
Tho results Of extensive and thor
0ugh experiments, extending through
aperiod Of flve years, by the Nebraska
Experiment Station, are here given,
the prices used in calculating the re-
svlts being az follows: Hogs, per
100 lbs, $3.50: corn, per bu.. 47c;
wheat, bu., zoe; barley. bu., 40c;
suamsr. bu. 35c; rye, bu., SEC; milo,
bu.. soc: cane bu., SOC: oil-meal, ton.
5000: tankage, ton. $4,000; bone
Mssal. ton, $4,000; shorts, ton, $4,000;
alfAlfa meal. ton, $500: chopped alf-
aafa ton. $1,000; alfalfa hay. ton,
$500.
Feed other than alfalfa for con-
vsnisnce 10 termed grain" in the re-
suits given. Where chopped alfalfa
or alfalfa meal was a part Of any
ration in the experiments all the
vas mixed with the grain; the chop
DON OAAOAA0 wa PUT Ia Ilo Trough anu
sTa1n poured over It. The feed was
mo4stsned with water after being put
In the trough. The feed was weighed
separately for each lot Of hogs, at
each feeding time. In all experiments
the hogs were weighed every second
week.
The animals had &C cess to water at
al times, unless the weather was such
that the water froze. During such
times water was supplied three times
each day or a. often as there was any
indication that the hogs cared for it.
Water was supplied in the fields by
means OF gravity water system that
kept fresh water in cement troughs at
Ill times.
q Results: Tho feeding of various
proportions Of alfalfa in ration of
corn, ~ alfalfa hay, chopped hay and
g meal. indicate that the rations rank
o follows:
!. 100 parts corn. alfalfa hay in .
rack. 10y ~
:. % parts corn. 10 parts chopped
alfalfa. oppeu
3. % parts corn. 10 part. alfa,ra
meal. 81
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-04-23
Chemical Development
Of Alfalfa

An alfalfa field will yield on an
average 5000 pounds Of cured hay
per acre In one season. This cured
hay will contain about $3.50 pounds
OF dry matter. The number Of pounds
Of each Of the four most important
ash constituents removed from al
acre by seasons crop OF alfalfa hay.
as compared with clover hay, II -
follows: Potash-alfalfa zoe lbs.
clover Sc; Phosphates-alfaHa So lbs..
clover 20; Ame-alfalfa 80 lbs, clover
rs; Magnesia-alfalfa ~ lbs. clover
II.
Alfalfa draws most heavily on the
lime and potash. resembling clover IN
this respect, but because Of its heavier
yield per season, a greater quantity OF
these ash constituents is removed. II
the alfalfa Is fed on the farm and the
manure we'll preserved and returned
to the land. but little fertility IL lost.
II it happens that the soils are poor
in these constituents, fert&lisers Of
lime in the form of land plaster and
potash in the form OF wood ashes can
be probably applied.
With the aid Of nitrogen gathering
bacteria, dllAlIAs 1AA0 CAOV0I, rS0u uD0
the free nitrogen Of tho air. ,stM It
must not be inferred that fair sup
ply of nitrogen in tho soil Is unneces-
cary or that the application Of
nitrogenous tertilizsrs Il always waste
full. Professo-' Dyer Of England has
shown by careful experiments that the
use of moderate quantities Of nitrate
of soda has been decidedly remun-
erative." He found that in i've years.
an annual dressing Of cwt. Of nitrats
OF soda per acre gave an increase Of
nearly three tons Of gTeen alfalfa
fodder per acre per year. while an
annual dressing Of 2 cwt. per acre
gave an increase Of four and half
tons Of fodder per acre per year.
From this he calculated that there
was an annual profit due to the nitrate
Of Z little moro than four dollars per
acre IA the first case and over six doll
lars per acre in the second case.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-04-23

| Moro general and concerted eHor'S
on the part of potato growers are
needed to combat certain diseases
which threaten to impair the vigor OF
the seed stock and to cause tho de-
terioration of varieties. according 70
tho U. s. Department of Agriculture
Investigator.
During recent years there has been
much doubt and misunderstanding
among plant Psychologists and obssrv-
ant farmers concerning tho group OF
potato diseases variously referred to
as wilt, leaf roll. leaf curl. Fusarum
blight, bacterial ring disease. etc..
which in different countries Of the
world appear to constitute problems
Of increasing Importance to practical
agriculture. Environment has q most
important influence on crops in the
several states and in foreign countries.
Therefore, great care Is needed to de-
termine exactly which method Of con-
troll is best in each specific instance
where disease L. present.
The fact should be particularly en-
phasized that the same system of
will free the potato fields Of wilt, leaf
bring under control blackleg and some
other diseases, but viii insure the
maintenance Of tho strains cultivated
in their most vigorous condition and
free from Objectionable mixtures with
other varieties
Losses from tho late blight and rot
occur mainly in the Northern States.
This causes particularly heavy losses
during cool and humid seasons. In the
States east Of the Mississippi and
north of the Ohio this disease is par
ticularly common. It Is now SUCCESS
fully combatted BY spraying with Bor-
deaux mixture. It is also hoped that
more disease-resistant varieties will
soon aid in controlling this blight.
To the south early blight and tip
burn play a-greater role than the late
blight in injury to the potato crop.
Early blight is apparently not SO COM
mon in the cooler and more uniform
climate of northern Europe. Nor
does one find there that tip-burn II
as common as here where high sum-
mer temperatures combine with the
injuries Of flea beetles and other tn
sects to cause excessive Transportation
and its consequent marginal burning
of the leaves. Here also the logical
line of attack seems to be the produc-
tiol Of varieties possessing heat re-
sistance.
With the progress Of studies Of this
problem other potato diseases have
been recognized In the United states.
Some Of these. IKE the brown-rot, had
doubtless been long prevalent. while
others. like the blackleg. appear to
have been recently introduced from
Europe.
A new group Of diseases came into
prominence about ten years ago which
had not hitherto been recognized as OF
economic Importance. Soon after
there occurred in Europe an outbreak
of disease known as '1eaf-roll."
This affection caused heavy losses in
Germany and Austria and elsewhere.
though it has not been as generally
destructive as was feared. Whether
1t is the same as an American disease !
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-04-23
A scabby potaso tuber.

II growers will realise more clearly
tho dangsr Of the insidious losses SUI
fored because Of seldom-recoeniKod
diseases, and from diseases tyansmit-
ted through the seed. they viii b
moro eager to Join general campaign
against these troubles. The nual re-
suit will be to place the potato Indus
try on higher plane than It occu-
pies today.
The types Of disease dist1nsuashsd
a. OF some Importance In the United
States are the following:
Fusarium wilt-A dsssass charac-
terfzed BY the willing Of the plant.
Widespread In America, but not yet
identified from Europe. The distinct
I've CHARACTERISTICS Of this disease arc
. rolling or whiting Of the leaves and
premature death Of the foliage.
verticillium Wilt-A wilt r>sem-
bling the foregoing. often. more rapid.
Present in both America ana Europe.
This disease IL characterized BY q
blighting Of the foliage, resulting In
tho premature death Of tho hill.
Leaf-roll-An Unbeatable disease
marked by rolling Of the leaves, re-
ducsd yield, and other symptoms.
Probably not due TO parasite Com
mon in Europe and lately appearing
In America. Leaf-roll causes an up
ward rolling Of tho leaves and a de-
creased yield Of tubers.
Curly-dwarf-An Unbeatable, non
parasitio trouble in which dwarfing
is prominent characteristic. Found
in Europe and America. This disease
causes . dwarfed development of the
plant. accompanied by . pronounced
curling and wrinkitng OF the foliage.
Rosette-A stuntsd or dwarfed con-
dition Of the potato assooiated with
injuries OF the underground stems and
roots caused BY . fan9uS; most cons
spicuous in tho western Unltsd States
Mosaio-A condition marked by Q
Noting and distortion OF the foliage.
present in Europe ~ wUN - America
The effect Of Mosaic on the growth
and development Of pot&to plants ID
quite marked. Most conspicuous Il
the irregular, wr1nk1ed foliage.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-04-23

ono OF the chief problems before
ne pork producer is. what is the most
profitable ration to feed? The proper
standard from which to determine the
most profitable ration is the amount
Of feed OF q certain kind required to
produce unit Of increase in weight
ana the rate at which the increase is
made. These are the same In all parts
CT the country. while the cost OF the
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-04-23
SERIOUS POTATO DISEASES
BY W. A. oRrON.

Is still subject to controvsrsy. one
OF the main objects Of the inv>stixa-
tors OF potato diseases In the Dspart-
ment Of Agriculture 10 to distinEu Nh
between American and European
troubles. SO that II the disease ortx-
inslly occuss in this country II may 30
controlled, and II IL originates IN
Europe 1t may be kept out by quarsn-
tine.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-04-23
Pear Scab Often
Causes Serious Damage

6cab Of the pear tree affects fruit,
leaves and twigs. The twig injury Is.
however. Of minor importance. The
spots on both the fruit and foliage
aIs Of an olive color and usually have
v0lvety appearance. The fruit spots
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-04-23

If your animals will not pay the
cost Of producing them and a good
profit beside. then the business is go
ing backward and you are losing
money.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-04-23

If a setting hen leaves the nest do
not throw away the eggs unless they
are cold. If you have another broody
hen put her on the nest. She will
finish the Matching and 1t will save
her just so much time as we'll as saw
ing the eggs.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-04-23

Lime Is q very good thing to use
about the poultry houses. An occa-
sional coat OF whitswash on the walls
and on the nest boxes greatly i'm
proves tho look OF the house beside
being good dtsinfectant ana vermin
killer.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-04-23

What would you think Of man
who refused to join the local COW test
association because it would make il
impossible for him to sell his poor
cows to his neighbors?
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-04-23

It Is good thing to insist that the
food we buy shall be what It Is
labeled, whether we eat it ourselves,
feed 1t to our stock. or use it to fer
tilize our soils.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-04-23

Give the little chicks sktmmilk to
drink. It II very good for them as
well as for the oldsr fowls. The more
milk your poultry drink the less meat
It will be necessary Do feed them.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-04-23

About all the compensation some
men are getting out OF their labor IN
the care Of stock Is the thought that
their land Is not getting poor az fast
as some other fellows.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-04-23

LET the blessed sunshine in.
People who keep the sunlight out
Of their houses keep sickness In, as q
usual thing.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-04-23

We are at the beginning of period
of enlightenment concerning the pos
sibilities Of hog farming.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-04-23

The quality Of nourishment rather
than the bulk should guide us in tn.
purchase Of feeding materials.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-04-23

Some men are so crooked that they
cannot play game Of solitaire with
out cheating themselves.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-04-23

Be sure the mud scraper at the
kitchen door Is in good working order
these days.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-04-23

Men may give you good advice but
you must use your own sense to make
the right use Of it.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-04-23

Love for animals finds qualification
- their daily care.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-04-23

Opening UP the bitches on tho farm
book.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-04-23
Deep Burrows
BY GUM.

Watching the growth Of the century
plant Is certainly not an exciting occu-
patton, but it is about the measure Of
some folks ambition.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-04-23

structed that the teams may be driven
through the shed and the wagons left
standing in their proper places. No
time and labor are consumed In pull
ing or pushing the wagons into place.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-04-23
The Wagon Shed

All farm buildings should be con-
structed with view to economy in
expense and convenience in use. A
most excellent wagon shed Is so con-
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-04-23

If you miss a few copies Of your
favorite farm journal because the mail
carrier could not get to your house on
account OF the bad condition Of your
roads. you know the answer. Get
busy this year.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-04-23

Think up a number Of indoor Jobs
for the rainy day. It will make the
time pass faster for the hired man.
Wiarus. (Winona, Minn.) 1895-1919, 1914-08-13

WE&5a II #gaM f%fS$EES&IGN&% AFEEIEN9E#S3&AxE
Jaki to mily ggWar musi p'alnrloo'-'
wac " domu dzielnej matki, caly,
BOWEN przychoWek zyje cieszy
sic doskonalem zdroWiem.
Me many pod reka statystyki
macierzyhstwa irancuskiego, ale
tylko niemieckie bardzo %interesu-
jace:
w roku 1910 OGDEN W Berlinie
urodzi}o sic 1925 dzieci Stub
nych, z posrod Mich dziesiate
dziecie wyda1o ma SWAT $50 ko-
biiet7jedenaste 305, dwunaste 259,
5trzynaste. la, czternaste ~, piet-
haste go, zszesnaste 10, sieden1aa-
ste is, fosiemnaste 6, dziewietna-
ste 4, dwudzieste try matki, wre-
szcie dwudzieste szoste jedna
make.
z cyfr powyzszych zwynika, re
pahstwu bojazni bozej ME zbra-
knie glow do noszenia pikelhauby.