davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Colorado statesman., 1914-03-07
brazil AND THE NEGRO"

"3razil and the Negro" is the
subject of an intererting article by
Theodore Roosevelt, appearing ii
the current number of the outlook.
The article:
If | were asked to name the one
point in which there is complete
difference between the Brazilians
als6zacrselvas, should say that it
was in the attitude toward the
black man. AS the Indian becomes
civilized he is absorbed into the
population, as is the case with us
in Oklahoma, and whoever has
Indian blood in him is proud of
the fact. The President of Brazil
Is one of these men, and there are
a number of others among the
leaders whom | met. 1t is an en-
tire mistake to speak as if the
population of Brazil were so mixed
as to be wholly unlike that of
Europe and the United States. 1t
is mixed only in the sense in which
the populations of Italy and Spain
are mixed, as the population of
southern France is mixed, as the
population is mixed in many parts
of the United States AS regards
the major part of the population,
the ''mixed race is such only in
the sense in which that is also true
of the United States, and of most
of the advanced nations of man
kind. There is one real differ
ence, however. This difference
between the United States and
Brazil is the tendency of Brazil to
absorb the Negro. My observa-
tion leads me to believe that in
absorb | nave used exactly the
right expression to describe this
process. 1t is the Negro who is
being absorbed and not the Negro
who is absorbing the white man.
The great majority of the men snd
women of high social position in
Rio are of as unmixed white blood |
as the corresponding class in Paris |
or Madrid. or Rome. The great
of the political leaders
are pure whites, with an OCCASION
al dash of Indian blood. But any
Negro or mulatto who shows him
self fit is without question given
the place to which his abilities en-
title him. met one or two colored
Deputies. At one military school
| met Negro professor. At one
great laboratory | saw a colored
doctor. All of these men were ac-
cepted quite simply on their worth,
and apparently nobody had any
idea of discriminating against
them in any official or business
relations because of their color.
A very great majority of the Ne
The Colorado statesman., 1914-03-07
Railroad Ac-
COrnmodatiOnS
for Negroes

to receive attention and we hope
the objections will be overcome in
due course.
ALREADY MAKING IMPROVEMENT
Mr.. William j. Black, Passenger
Manager of Atchison Topeka d
Santa Fe Railway System, wrote
as follows: Il am in receipt of
your favor of the Sth inst, enclos-
ing an article by yourself recently
published in the Century Maga-
zine. which [ have read with in
terest. You will, no doubt, be
pleased to learn that the Santa Fe
has already provided equipment
for colored travel in conformity
with the plan outlined in your ar
ticle. AT the present time IS per
cent of the coaches used in Okla.
homa and Texas for colored people
have two compartments, one being
a smoking compartment, and the
other for men and women, and they
have separate toilet facilities for
each sex. AS new cars are pur-
chased, or present ones are con-
ver,ed, they will be of that type,
and we expect before long to have
all of our cars for colored traffic on
the same plan"
COMPLAINTS WELL. FOUNDED
Mr.. j. M. Parker, Receiver and
General Manager, The Arkansas.
Louisiana and Gulf Railway Com
pany, says: II have your favor
with enclosure, being marked copy
of an article which recently ap-
peared in the Century Magazine.
| shall take pleasure in reading
this article and from glancing
through it, am inclined to think
that the statement that the Negro
is not getting a square deal in the
way of transportation facilities, is
well-founded."
APPRECIATES CoLoRED PATRONAGE
Mr.. w. Coughlin, General Sup
erintendent, Missouri, Oklahoma
and Gulf Railway Company, wrote;
Il have carefully read the article
to which you have called special
attention and in connection there
with wish to say that while, no
doubt there is ground for COM
plant at times, am inclined to the
opinion that as whole the situa-
ton alluded to is improving. In
fact, accommodations for white
and colored passengers on our
motor car trains are identical. On
other trains there is not much
difference except in emergency
cases where it becomes necessary
to use temporary equipement that
was not intended for passenger
trains, but such cars as are used
for the handling of both white and
The Colorado statesman., 1914-03-07

contrary, the idea looked forward
to is the disappearance of the Ne
gro himself that is, through his
gradual absorption into the white
race.
This does not mean that Brazil
ians are or will become the mon
greP' people that they have been
asserted to be by certain writers,
not only French and English. but
American. The Brazilians are
a white people, belonging to the
Mediterranean race, and differing
from the northern stocks only as
such great and civilized old races
as the Spaniards and Italians, with
their splendid historic past, differ
from these northern stocks. The
evident Indian admixture has adj
ded a good, and not bad. element.
The very large European immi-
grafton of itself tends, decade by
decade to make the Negro blood a
smaller element of the blood of the
whole community. The Brazilian
of the future will be in blood more
European tLan in the past, and he
will differ in culture onl y as the
American of the North differs
The great majority of the men
and women | met, the leaders in
the world of political and indus
trial effort and of scientific accom-
plishment, showed little. if ary,
more trace of Negro blood than
would be shown by the like num-
Der of similar men in European
capital Yet not only is there in
some classes at considerable in
filtration of Negro blood. with
corresponding tendency of the
pure Negro type to disappear, but
this process is regarded with hearty
approval by the most thoughtful
statesman of the country. Their
view, so different from our own,
can perhaps best be expressed in
the words of one of these very
statesman, himself of pure white
blood, who said to me substantial
ly:
"Of course the presence of the
Negro is the real problem,
and very serious problem,
both in your country, the
United States, and in mine, Brazil.
Slavery was an intolerable method
of solving the problem, and had to
be abolished, and had to be abol-
ished But the problem itself re-
manned in the Negro. 1t was not
the slave owner who inherited his
slaves who was responsible for the
problem. The trader who
brought the slaves into the coun-
try was the man who inflicted the
CHASTITY wrong, not only upon the
blacks but upon the whites. We,
like you, have merely inherited the
problem.
The Colorado statesman., 1914-03-07

our policy to improve those accom-
modations so far as it is practi-
cable for us to do So
l am sure your readers will be
interested in the above extracts
and in those which are to follow
next week.
(Signed) Booker I. Washington,
Tuskegee Inst, Alabama,
February 2S, 1914.
The Colorado statesman., 1914-03-07

groes, and most of the colored peo-
ple-that is, the mulattoes and
quadroons- do not make their
way up to the highest positions,
and they are proportionately most
plentiful in the lower ranks.
Among the working enlisted men
of the army and navy, | saw many
Negroes working side by side in
the same organizations with the
whites, and apparently without
any discrimination being made
against them. In Bahia there is a
very large Negro element among
TIE working class. In parts of
Brazil it is somewhat larger. In
Rio it is noticeable, but far less so
than in most of the cities of the
Routhern United States.
Brazil is most fortunate III the
fact that its white working popu
lation has nothing of the parasite
about it. The whites do not en-
deavor to live on the labor of the
blacks. the inevitable result of
which. as shown in all other com
munites, is that ultimately the
blacks crowd out of existence those
who live on their labor. On the
contrary, the bulk of the work, ev-
EN- in kio, is done by white men.
But these white men draw no line
against the Negro, and in the low
er ranks intermarriages are fire.
quent, especially between Negroes
and the most numerous of the i'm
migrant races Of Europe.
Perhaps the attitude that the
Brazilians. including the most in
telligent among them, take is best
symbolized 10y IA picture we saw in
the art museum in Rio. 1t por-
trayed black grandfather, mu-
latto son, and white grandchild,
the evident intention of the paint
er being to express both the hope
and the belief that the Negro was
being absorbed and transformed so
that he would become a white man.
1t is idle to prophesy for any re-
mote future, and it is very doubt
full thing to prophesy even about
the immediate future, but my i'm
preston is that the guiding or rul-
ing classes of Brazil will continue
to be almost absolutely white, that
in the classes below them there
will continue to be a certain
small absorption of Negro blood,
and that among the ordinary peo-
plethis absorption will be larger
Urge enough to make a slight diff
ference in the type.
From the above it will be seen
that the ideals of the United States
and of Brazil as regards the treat
meflt of the Negroes are wholly
different. The best men in the
United States, not only among the
whites but among the blacks also,
believe in the complete separation
of the races as far as marriage is
concerned, while they also believe
in treating each man of whatever
color absolutely on his worth as a
man, allowing him full opportun-
ity to achieve the success warran-
ted by his ability and integrity,
and giving to him tre full measure
of respect to which that success
entities him. In Brazil, on the
The Colorado statesman., 1914-03-07

SPECIAL To COLORADO STATES
MAN.
Editor:
Some months ago, [ sent out
marked copies to railway officials
in every part of the South OF an
article written for the Century
Magazine in which l referred to
the unjust treatment of colored
people on railroads. In addition a
letter was written, calling atten-
ton to the portion of the article
marked.
1t might interest those OF our
people who are seeking to improve
the bad conditions that exist on
many railroads, to read some OF
the replies from these officials to
these communications. In one
case, for example, the president of
the railroad had a copy OF the
Century" article placed in the
hands of every officer on his road.
am asking that you publish
the extracts from these letters, be-
cause little later on it is my pur-
pose to urge our people to set
aside one day in the year that
might be called Railroad Day
upon which throughout the coun-
try wherever conditions demand it,
we can 90 to the officials of the
railroads and speak to them about
the bad conditions that exist with
a view of our cooperating with
these railroad officials in order to
bring about better conditions.
! think the extracts from these
letters indicate that the railroad
officials are now in state OF mind
where in most cases they are will
ing to recognize the justice OF our
claim for better things; in fact,
some of them have already acted.
When the proper time comes,
we should take up with the officials
concerned, the matter OF accom-
modations provided in restaurants,
sitting rooms, street cars, steam
boats, etc. For the present, l am
giving you these extracts for pub
lication in order to show that there
is an opportunity, if we go about
it in the right way, to do away with
what has been a long standing
source of complaint
BOUND TO RECEIVE ATTENTION
Mr.. G. j. Mills, Assistant to
President William Sproule- OF the
Southern Pacific, writes: Am
very much obliged by your letter
of October 9th transmitting your
printed article is the Negro Hav-
ing a Fair Chance and note with
interest your reference to trans
portatiun facilities afforded in the
South. These matters are bound
The Colorado statesman., 1914-03-07
Another "Limit.v

The stingiest man in Jamestown.
the Optimist says. loafs around the
drug store in the hore that the odor
of the drugs will cure his cold.-Kan-
sas City Times.
The Colorado statesman., 1914-03-07
Mark Of the Bore

A bore is person wko. when ~ou
relate one of your experiences. always
says: That reminds me of something
that happened to me. .'-Philadelphia
Record.
The Colorado statesman., 1914-03-07
POLICY is TO IMPROVE

Mr.. w. W. Finley, President of
the Southern Railway Company,
states: Il have noled wnat you
say as to the treatment of Negro
travellers on railways in the South.
The matter of accommodations for
Negroes is one which has been
having the attention of the man.
agement of this company and it is
The Colorado statesman., 1914-03-07

colored passengers, as well as en-
ployes on freight trains. ] assure
you that our company appreciates
the patronage of the colored peo-
pie, and that it is our desire to do
what we can consistently for their
comfort and convenience while
travelling on our road
RAILWAY NOT PHILANTHRoPIsTs
Mr.. w. B. Bibble, Receiver and
Chief Traffic Officer of the ST.
Louis and San Francisco Railroad
writes: Il have read yours of
October 10th and the pamphlet en-
closed with a great deal of inter-
est. | am quite sure that there is
a disposition on the part of the
carriers to do anything that they
properly can to improve the con-
ditions of the colored race The
conditions under which the car
riers are operating at this time are,
in many respects, so burdensome
as to leave very little opportunity
for the adoption of any philanthro-
pic movements. | shall be very
glad. however. to discuss this sub
ject with the executive officers of
other lines as opportunity offers.
ARE MAKING IMPROVEMENTS
Mr.. n NJ. Leach, Traffic Man
ager. The Texas q Pacific Rail
was Company, writes: In recent
times the L. d P. R'y has made
some improvement in the service
afforded our colored patrons, and
we are making an effort to further
improve this service. We have
received a number of expressions
of appreciation from our colored
patrons in Louisiana and Texas.
| have read all Of your article with
great deal of interest.
STATEMENT ENTIRELY RIGHT
Mr.. j. E. Franklin, President of
the San Antonio, Uvalde d Gulf
Railroad. replies as follows: Il
think you, are entirely right in
what you say in the pamphlet you
enclose me. So far as this Rail
road is concerned, we are in a sec
tion of Texas where there is not
much Negro travel, but we are
giving the Negroes just as good
accommodations as we are giving
to the whites"
APPRECIATES THE CoLoRED TRAVEL
Mr.. j. c. Halle, General Passen-
ger Agent of the Central Georgia
Railway Company writes: Yours
VI TeCeul udJe, Will lldTkeu copy
of an article which recently ap-
peared in the Century, Magazine,
has been duly received. The same
will be given consideration and |
hope to write you further later,
The management of this company
appreciate $ the colored travel and
we desire to handle it satisfactor-
ily"
POLICY is TO IMPROVE
Mr.. w. w. Finley, President of
the Southern Railway Company,
states; Il have noled wnat you
say as to the treatment of Negro
travellers on railways in the South.
The matter of accommodations for
Negroes is one which has been
having the attention of the man.
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1914-08-21
SAYS GERMANS
ARE READY FOR
ANY EMERGENCY
ThOroughpess of Kaiser'sP Prepara'
tion Impressed Chicagoan

London, Aug. y. DR..
Franklin Martin sof Chicago,
who left here a week ago for
Munich, to bring out his niece,
Miss Stone, also of Chicago,
returned here today with his
niece. They left Munich in
an automobile Monday. BE
tween Cologne and Crefeld, we
passed entrenchments being
thrown up by thousands of
troops" said Martin. :" AS far
as the eye could reach there
were masses of troops with
field guns and ammunition.
At Frankfort, 5000 French
prisoners were pointed out to
us. At Coblenz enthusiastic
crowds were watching trains
loaded with Belgian prisoners.
We constantly met ambu-
lances filled with wounded sol
diers." +"
Martin was impressed with
the thoroughness of the Ger
mans preparation to meet ev-
cry contingency on land.
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1914-08-21
STRONG FORCE is
MOVING ON NAMUR

London, Aug. 21.-Namur is
in danger. German infantry
with plenty of artillery has
moved through Dinant on the
south against the strong Bel
gian Notifications, while, an
other force, operating from an
entrenched position near Gem
blouX, is moving from the
north and the city is envelop-
ed. 1t is obvious from meager
dispatches filtering through
from French sources that the
French army in Belgium and
along the northern French
border is far larger than had
been deemed possible and
many military experts here
declare that il is numerically
superior to the German invad-
ing forces.
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1914-08-21
GERMAN SHIPS
DO DAMAGE AT
LIBAU, RUSSIA
Many Buildings Destroyed
Women Victims of Shell

Stockholm, Aug. 21.-The
captain of Il Swedish steamer.
Just arrived from Libau, tells
the story Of the bombardment
of that Russian seaport by the
German fleet.
at was Sunday evening
that the rain of fire began to
fall on the city. The towns
people were thrown into a pan
ic. They ran into the street
because the houses were fall
ing or burning. Fifteen wom-
en-, seated on a pile of lumber,
were all killed by the eXplo-
sion of a single shell. The
bombardmcnt continued for
two hours. Many buildings
and bridges were destroyed" "
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1914-08-21
18,OOO FOREIGN
FIG GHTING MEN
To help FRANCE
included in Number Are 125 Amer.
leans, Mustered in Today

Paris, Aug. 21.-Eighteen
thousand foreign volunteers,
resident in Paris, assembled
under the flags of their various
nations today, to be mustered
in. There are $500 Jews from
all countries, who desired to
serve as a separate command,
5000 Belgians, $500 Italians,
1900 Russians, 1000 Swiss, l.
600 Spaniards, 600 Roumani-
ans, 335 Luxembergians, and
125 Americans.
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1914-08-21
DE PALMA WINS COBE
AUTO RACE AT ELGIN

Elgin, ILL.,, Aug. 21.-Twen-
ty ears started in the race for
the Cobe trophy. Burman's,
Jesse Callahan's and j. G. Cal
lahan's machine were missing.
Carlson took Orr's place, and
Henning appeared in the ma
chine Luttrell was to have
manned. At the end of the
first hour, Wishart was lead
Pullen was third. At the end
of 100 miles, Wishart was lead
ing DePalma was second, and
Wilcox third. Grant, Tetzlaff
and Tidmarsh were out before
the seventh lap on account Of
illness.
DePalma won the race.
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1914-08-21
PRICE RAISERS ARE
TO BE PROSECUTED

Washington, Aug. 21.-At-
torney General McReynolds
expects several indictments
will be returned in a few days
as the result of the investiga-
tion ordered by the president
into the increase in food prices
since the outbreak Of the Euro
pean war. The officials of the
department of justice would
not say in what cities the in
dictments would be sought.
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1914-08-21


gan SOIL according to French military experts when the great
of the Germans and Austrans clash with the troops of
Belgium, France and Great Britain.
Not shot was fred Ly the Belgians when German adj
vance cavalry entered Brussels yesterday 1t is reported that
strong column OF German troops encamped in the vicinity
will enter the city today.
After the Belgian troops retired Antwerp communica
ton cut of between Brussels and other parts of Belgium
and abroad.
British and French warshps bombarled and greatly dam
aged Cattaro, an Austrian seaport, Wednesday.
German ships reported have destroyed the harbor
works at Eango Finland.
An Anglo rough rider corps has formed in
Paris and its services have been accepted by the ministry Of
Eighteen thousand foreign residents in Paris have joined
the French army.
An Exchange Telegraph Vienna dispatch the Austrian
government has issued final call to for all able bodied
men between the ages OF twenty and forty.
Japan according Toxic avices is quietly preparing for
evenuaes following the expiration next Sunday of the ul
tnaum to Germany The and navy departments pre-
pairing to Chau where contrary to current
ports the forcatons really formidable The activities at
the German embassy where effects being packed
the only indication of what Germanys to the Jap
anese ultlmatum will be-
An oicia announcement rom Paris says German forces
continue to pass the Mese in the vicinity of Huv and that an
important concentration being carried in Belgium this
friday morning The only French territory occupied by the
piece OF enclosed land in the department OF Muerthe
and Moscle
London Central News dispatch from Paris says the
French defeated detachment of German cavalry
mcnt Basel The Germans retired leaving 500 dead and
wounded They lost most of their horses.
The French war Office says: French drigbe last night
threw number of bombs into two German cavalry camps in
Belgium, causing great excitement 1t was fired but return
ed safely z
The Belgian legation says the Belgian army retired to Ant
allies"
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1914-08-21
DECLARES FORTS AT
LIEGE WERE RAZED

Denver, Colo, Aug. 21.-A.
II. Gibson, travelling represen-
tative of a local manufacturing
concern, who arrived here di-
rectly from the war zone. said:
"Stories that the Liege forts
are holding out are ridiculous.
On my arrival there on Aug
ust 5, the city appeared almost
completely wrecked from
shells. Buildings were burn
ing and the fortresses were in
ruins. I"
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1914-08-21

would sail this week for home,
as against $4,000 last week.
There are still between 1000
and 5000 Americans at Chris
tiania waiting for an opportun-
ity to get home. Many came
from Germany and Sweden.
Some are bidding $500 for
first-class tickets, but all first
and second-class accommoda-
tions have been taken until Oc-
tober. Americans who came in
staterooms are returning in
the steerage. There is no trou-
pie in cashing checks or
changing money in Norway.
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1914-08-21
COAL INTENDED FOR
GERMAN CRUISER

San Francisco, Aug. d.
The tramp steamer Mazatlan
was forbidden to leave port un-
til it shall have discharged 500
tons of coal, laden in sacks,
which it is alleged was intend
ed to be transferred to the Ger
man cruiser Leipzig at sea.
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1914-08-21

ness and death of the pope.
The doctor says that during
the last week of the life of the
pope, he suffered keenly be
cause of the war. When the
physician insisted his health
was precious to the world, that
he should be calm, the pope re-
piled: =,
"Iow can | be tranquil
when millions of men about
me die. | should have averted
this war, but could not. "
TO continued urglngs that
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