davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Las Vegas optic. (East Las Vegas, N.M.) 1908-1921, 1914-05-14
More Troops for Winaate

El Paso, Texas, May 14.--Five COM
panies of the Twentieth United states
infantry departed early today for
Fort Wiagste, NJ M. where 1900 Mex
lean federal prisoners are confined,
The two troops Of the Twelfth cavalry
now at Fort Wingate will go to the
Colorado strike fields. it is said. The
dispatch of the five companies today
wfll increase the guard force at Fort
Wfngate to eight companies Of infan'
try. There have been recent rumors
in El Paso Of plans by the federals
for escape.
Las Vegas optic. (East Las Vegas, N.M.) 1908-1921, 1914-05-14
MUTILATED SOLDIERS BODY
RiFLED THE POCKETS AND CUT
THE FACE IN AN iNHuMAN
MANNER, SAYS OFFICER
STRIKFBREAkFRS ARE BARRED
FEDERAL TROOPS SAY THEY
WILL NOT BE ALLOWED IN
TRINIDAD DISTRICT

Denver, May 14.-When the general
courtmartial. which is trying Major
Patrick ]. Hamrock on charges Of
arson, murder, manslaughter and lar
ceny in connection with the Ludlow
battle and fire April 20, convened to-
day Lieutenant r. w. Benedict, bat
talon adjutant, was recalled. Ques-
toned as to the number of miliatia-
men at Ludlow and Cedar Hill he in
troduced the official roll calls.
These showed on April 90 total
of seven officers and 81 men, includ-
ing members of the hospital corps
and other non-combatants, and April
21 total of 166 officers and men.
Strikers Fired First
Lieutenant Gary SslLawrence testi-
fled that Major Hamtock ordered his
detachment to take and hold posi-
tion on the extreme right flank of
the militia at Ludlow battle and not
to fire unless attacked by the strik-
ers. He told of the killing of Private
A Martin and the wounding of Pri-
vate Louis Purcelle. The militia
right wing, he said, was driven back
early in the day and not until G
O'Clock that evening were the men
under Lieutenant M G. Bigelow and
X. b. Linderfult and himself able to
drive the strikers from their positions
in the Colorado & Southwestern rail-
road cut.
Body Was MutiIated
Lawrence testified that for several
hours strikers occupied ground where
Martins body lay, that by repeated
rushes the militia retook the position
and found the body badly mutilated
He said cartridge clip from Ger
man automatic gun was lying beside
the body: that the first aid bandage
which bound the wound had been cut
off, the face mutilated holes found
through the mouth and body and his
pockets rifled.
No reply from United Mine Work
ers officials to the communication in
viting them to produce witnesses had
been received at the court today. A
statement issued by John r. Lawson
and John McLennan for the strikers
said they would produce no witnesses
and charged the militia with having
held strikers "incommunieadO," ad-
ministered the third degree on prison
ers, juggled the habeas corpus, burn.
ed the Ludlow tent colony and muir
dered Louis Tikas.
Las Vegas optic. (East Las Vegas, N.M.) 1908-1921, 1914-05-14
REBEL ARMY has $4,000 men
ASSAULT UPON FEDERAL STRONG.
HOLD WILL BE DECISIVE
BATTLE OF THE WAR
AMMUNITION is GIVING OUT
CoNSTiTuTIoNALIsT EADER
SAYS UNITED STATES SHOULD
LET HIM HAVE MORE

Torreon, Mex, May 14-The mobil-
ization Of constitutionalist troops for
the campaign against Saltillo came to
a close last night when the last units
left Torreon accompanied by Gen
eral Francisco Villa and staff. This
concentration brought together an
army of $4,000 men to test the
strength of the federal stronghold.
ITO establish constitutionalist gov
ernment throughout Mexico we need
ammunition-more ammunition than
we now have and am willing that
the government of the United States
shall supervise the Importation it, I"
said Villa in commenting upon news
paper reports purporting to indicate
that President Wilson and other mem
bers of the American administration
would be glad to see the constitution
alists take Mexico City and end the
present state of unrest in Mexico.
How can we take Mexico City If
we have no ammunition? asked Villa.
"We must get ammunition somewhere
after the fighting at saltillo, as our
supply then will be depleted
Each soldier cooks his provisions
which consist of tortillas of corn
meal, dried beef, beans and little
coffee, on fires built on the car roofs
most Of which are of corrugated iron
Coal cars were used to transport
many OF the infantry, while the field
guns were loaded on flat cars with
the men cr6uched in the spaces under
the wheels and beneath the caissons
The sanitary corps of the army, or
ganized but a short time before the
battle OF Torreon, consists of As sur
geohs, 110 trained nurses and order
lies and more than 300 volunteer nur-
ses. About 20 surgeons have gone
to the front before Saltillo. while the
others are in charge of hospital bases
at Chihuahua, Santa Rosalia, Parral,
Jimenez, Gomez Palacio., Laredo and
Torreon. There are four expert phar-
macists at the front and at least two
at each hospital base.
The transportation of the wounded
to Saltillo will be effected by eight
automobile ambn1ances and 10 ordin-
ary automobiles altered to carry the
men slightly wounded. Each brigade
will have its field dressing station
and as soon as possible the wounded
brought in on stretchers viii be given
first ai1' and sent to the rear on spe-
cial hospital trains running to the
bases. The sanitary corps Is under
the command of Surgeon General Luis
de la Cara Cardenas
General Villas forces are accom-
panied by an armored train consist
ing of three cars running ahead OF
the locomotive. The first car carries
several field pieces and machine
guns. the second machine guns only
and the third is manned by sharp
shooters. The train. which is pro
tected by boiler iron. runs ahead ol
the construction trains and serves as
a protection for the track repairmen
With the construction trains the ar
mored train force takes the place oI
the engineer corps of other armies
These trains are under direct com
Las Vegas optic. (East Las Vegas, N.M.) 1908-1921, 1914-05-14
HEMMED in BY enemies, HUERTA IS
FIGHTING With HIS BACK TO A WALL /
And HIS DOWNFALL SOON IS CERTAIN

mand Of Eusebio CaIzado, in times of
peace general manager of the Nation
al of Mexico Railroad lines. saltillo,
the objective of the present cam
paign, is a town of $4,000, situated 56S
miles from Mexico City. 1t has an
elevation Of 5000 feet
Las Vegas optic. (East Las Vegas, N.M.) 1908-1921, 1914-05-14

that the government Of the United
States with which the German gov
ernment continued to have the best
relations, had decided to accept the
preferred mediation.
opposes Monroe Doctrine
aAll the European Powers" said
George Gothein, radical member
s'haye an interest in seeing that the
United states does not make out Of
Mexico a second Cuba. We must de
mand the open door there; too. fol
Mexicos resources are very grea'
and promise a big future. The exten
sion Of the Monroe doctrine te' bust
ness interests is very dangerous
Las Vegas optic. (East Las Vegas, N.M.) 1908-1921, 1914-05-14
HuNeARIANs TO FIGHT

Budapest, Hungary, May 14.-Count
stephan Tieza, the Hungarian pre-
mier, today challenged to a duel
stephan Rakoyalzi, a fellow commit
teeman, after 2 lively. alteration in
a committee room of the Hungarian
parliament. Seconds were al once
appointed. {,
Las Vegas optic. (East Las Vegas, N.M.) 1908-1921, 1914-05-14
TODAY IN CONGRESS

Washington, May 14-senate: Met
at noon.
Senator Chiffon spoke in favor OF
repeal of Panama canal tolls exemp-
tion.
House: Met at noon.
Diplomatic appropriation bill de-
bate resumed
Las Vegas optic. (East Las Vegas, N.M.) 1908-1921, 1914-05-14
proteoted By FIaa Thsy .IpsuIted

Vera. Cruz, Mex. May l4.-Three
Mexican gunboats ioadsd with fed
Ieral soldiers who escaped from Tam
pico yesterday when the last strong
hold Of Provisional President Huerta
on the eastern coast, of Mexico was
taken by the constitutionalist army,
rode at anchor today under the pro
tecting guns of Rear Admiral Mayors
squadron Of American warships off
Tampico.
1t is probable that among the fed
eraI officers on the Mexican warship
lis the commander whose refusal to
comply with Rear Admiral Mayors
demand for salute to the Stars and
Stripes in reparation for an insult to
the American flag precipitated the
American occupation of the port OF
Vera Cruz.
Las Vegas optic. (East Las Vegas, N.M.) 1908-1921, 1914-05-14
San Bias May Fall

Rear Admiral Howard reported to
the navy department today that the
Yorktown reported yesterday that it
was likely the constitutionalists would
occupy San Bias on the west coast OF
Mexico before night. The navy de-
partment announced that Admiral
Howard has warned all vessels that
all lights are out on the west coast
of Mexico. Admiral Howard reported
"all quiet" at Acapulco. Manzanilio
and Guaymas.
Las Vegas optic. (East Las Vegas, N.M.) 1908-1921, 1914-05-14

CONTINUED on Page Five.)
Las Vegas optic. (East Las Vegas, N.M.) 1908-1921, 1914-05-14

Washington. May 14.-Further con-
firmation of the fall of Tampico into
the hands Of the constitutionalists
was received at the navy department
today in a message from Admiral
Mayo, transmitted through. Admiral
Badger. This report says the Mex
lean federal gunboat Vera Cruz still
is up the river at the railway bridge.
Secretary Daniels has given Rear
Admiral Mayo full power to send
American warships back up Panuco
river to Tampico if in his judgment
conditions should warrant such ac-
ton.
Secretary Daniels explained that
while Admiral Mayo had full discre-
tionary powers to take his ships back
into the Panuco river, that he would
not land any forces at Tampico ex-
cept in the case of the gravest emer-
gencies, without specific orders from
the department 1t was explained
that he probably would place his hos
pital ships at the disposal of the au-
thorities at Tampico for the care of
the wounded, regardless of their al
legiance.
Secretary Daniels said he had felt
all along that American interests, in
Guiding the oil properties, would be
amply protected as soon as the fight
ing ceased and one side or the other
was in absolute control of the situa-
tion4 He SAID he had not vet received
sufficient information concerning the
constitutionalist victory to determine
what effect it would have on com
mence in Tampico, but he expressed
the hope that the port would be open
to the commerce of the world.
OIL Operations to Resume
With the transfer of Tampico from
Mexican federalists to the constitu-
tionalists, President Wilson now feels
it will be possible for the oil interests
in the Tampico district to be protect
ed. General Villa and General Car
rama had given assurances they
would permit the conservation of oil
interests in the Tampico district and
have notified the American govern
ment of their willingness to have ex-
pert civilians return to the fields and
take charge of the flowing wells.
Thomas A. O'Donnell of Los Angel
es, director Of the Mexican Petroleum
company, who was among the oil
men who called ON the president yes
terday, said today the leading oil com
panies have experienced men on the
boats lying off Tampico who are in
readiness to return to the fields i'm
mediately.
San Bias May Fall
Rear Admiral Howard reported to
| tba ra1rr 5nna 1-tr mont today that the
Las Vegas optic. (East Las Vegas, N.M.) 1908-1921, 1914-05-14

THE demand for rain
coats today exceeded
that Of straw hats by
9s.ss per cent.
The Washington herald. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1939, 1914-08-23
Compelled Meet Alone the Torrent of Foreign Selling of
Our Securities and the Pressure for God-Serie of Reso
lutte Steps Taken by Government and the New FORK
Stock Exchange and Clearing House Strength of Our
Gold of the New Currency Law in Check
ing the Loss of Restoration of Foreign Exchange

Treasury was vastly different from that
of 1895, when it was necessary TO make
a contract with the Morgans and Roths-
childs to obtain gold abroad to replenish
the legal tender reserve and prevent the
suspension Of specie payments. Such
device as was then adopted-a pool
among the exchange houses to maintain
high rates for exchange and prevent eN-
portsmouth, have been futile under the
conditions of this year.
Fortunately, the United States was IN
a position where she could afford to lose
twice as much gold as was involved In
the MorgaR-Rothschild contract Of 1895
and hardly feel the effect The pressure
for the yellow metal did not fall. as in
previous crises, upon the legal reserve,
which was fixed at $3.50. 0OC, 600 by the gold
standard law OF March 4, 1900, but fell
almost entirely upon private gold hold
ings which were represented by certih-
Gates of deposit issued by the Treasury.
Between April 30 and August the
amount of gold certificates outstanding
fell from 81 5s 997. $50 to 1893, 5s7, $50.
This loss of s15s. 600, 900 would have had
appalling results II it had occurred in any
of the years from 1895 to 1893. when the
net amount of gold certificates outstand-
ing was less than IS, 10000 In default
of this great fund of private gold, the
storm would have broken upon the
Treasury reserve fund of $l5O,0oe,0O0: but
the Treasury can afford to stasd by with
comparative indifference while the out
standing volume of gold certificates is re-
duced. because such a loss Of gold does
not reduce the legal tender reserve nor
the fund of free gold in the Treasury
THE legal reserve of $l500oo,0O0 estab-
lished by the gold standard law Of 1900
has not been reduced below this legal
minimum for a single day since 1t was
established. When greenbacks come in
for redemption. in the ordinary course
of business. they are redeemed first from
the gold standard fund, but are then
promptly paid into the general fund Of
the Treasury in exchange for the free
gold" which has always been there in
considerable amounts since the law Of
1900 took effect This fund of free
gold" whether in the form OF certificates
which the Treasury has the option Of
cancelIing in exchange for coin or in the
form of coin itself. forms an outpost OF
defense to the gold reserve proper.
possessing much of the resisting power.
in case of attack, Of the Belgian army
which checked the German advance upon
the French frontier by way OF Liege. The
amount of free gold" in the Treasury
The Washington herald. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1939, 1914-08-23

shipments became prohibitive under the
threat OF capture at sea, and for few
days renittances from New York TO Eu'
rope, even in small sums, came almost
to a standstill. The man who owed s1(
in London and expected to buy a drafi
for the amount with about $3.50 in Amer.
lean money, found only a few banker:
willing 10 deal with him even on such
terms as SIS or even $50
ResOIute Sters of the Treasury and
the Banks.
II is to the credit of American banks
and the administration OF the United
States Treasury that these conditions
were met with a promptness and energy
which nipped panic in the bud and re-
stored sanity and serenity to American
markets. Within week from the violent
break IN stock exchange prices which oc-
CURED on Thursday, July 80. these meas
ures were taken to avert disaster and
provide an adequate currency supply:
Friday, July 3l-The New York Stock
Exchange closed. promptly followed by
the closing Of all other important stock
exchanges in the country.
Saturday, August 1.-The Treasury De-
partment made shipments OF new cur
rency, already prepared under the Al
banks of New York, and announced that
under the law S50O,OOo,oOO would be avail
able for this purpose.
Sunday, August 2-The Secretary OF the
Treasury, Mr.. McAdoo, appeared in New
York and at a long conference at the
Vanderbilt Hotel with leading bankers
agreed upon important amendments to
liberaliZe the Aldrich-Vreeland law and
to cooperate in every proper way to
check the needless outflow Of gold.
Monday. August 3-The New York
clearing house committee decided to per
nit the issue OF clearinghouse certih-
Gates by the New York banks and t.
make available in payment of balances
all forms Of currency issued under au-
thority Of the national government"
Tuesday, August president Wilson,
during the evening signed a bill agreed
to by the two houses Of Congress. amend
ing the Aldrich-Vreeland law OF 1905, so
as to permit the issue OF additional
currency to the amount OF more than
g, 900. 10000, II required.
Thursday. August 6-Hon. Charles S.
Hamlln. Assistant Secretary OF the Treas
ury. announced that up to noon, applIca-
tions from New York banks for $50, S24. $50
in the new currency had been approved
and $3.50, 900 had been actually issued to
twenty-six banks
A Gold Stock Like Gibraltar.
The crisis of 1877 taught American
bankers some important lessons. The
crisis of 1914 found the United States in
a stronger position than ever before in
her financial history to meet the strain.
Even on the stock exchange the liquida-
ton due to business uncertainty and to
the war cloud in Europe left a compare
lively small number of weak-margined
accounts to be thrown over under the
relentless pressure Of falling prices. The
total gold stock of the country was more
than $3.50, 900, 600 The condition of the
The Washington herald. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1939, 1914-08-23

cash on August s stood at more than
SIS. 10000 II was increased rather than
diminished during July by reason OF the
heavy payments on account of the income
tax. Under these conditions. the Treas
ury has remained practically immune
from any run upon its own gold, and the
reduction in the volume OF outstanding
gold certificates has had no effect upon
the gold standard reserve or the free
gold' in the current cash.
Why NV Currency Was Needed.
Why should Europe's troubles create
the necessity for large issues OF new cur
rency in the United States?
The answer is twofold: First, to sup
ply the void left by the export Of gold;
secondly to protect the gold which is
left against further foreign raids. II was
not fear for the seundness of American
finance nor pressure for additional credit
at home which brought Secretary Nc
Adoo to New York on the Saturday after
the closing Of the Stock Exchange. 1t
waA the fact that Europe had been dip
ping her arm up to the elbow In the
only stock of free gold left in the world.
and that some defensive measures should,
il possible, be devised. One of these
measures was the issue OF clearing house
certificates for, the settlement Of bal
ances between the banks in New York.
The other was the issue OF currency I'M
der the Aldrich-Vreeland law OF 1905.
The law of May 80, 1905, passed under
the SOLDERING influence OF the panic Of
1907, provided for the formation OF cur
rency associations by banks for the issue
of bank notes based upon commercial
assets. This law would have expired
on May 30 1914. il il had not been ex-
tended for another thirteen months by
10 ~ chair
man Of the Senate Committee on Finance,
in giving final form 20 the new Federal
reserve law of December q, 1913 The
mechanism provided by the Federal re-
serve law itself had not yet been put in
working order, because of the long con-
The Washington herald. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1939, 1914-08-23

their own sakes. but in the interest Of
the whole civilized world. to open direct
negotiations for peace with one another"
Tender of Good Offices.
He suggested that these peace neEo-
tiations he conducted directly and eNclu-
sively between the belligerents,' but il
was added While the President does
not feel any intermediary should be
called in in respect to the peace negO-
tiations themselves. he is entirely will
ing to do what he properly can. if the
two powers concerned feel that mis- seTv-
ices will be Of aid in arranging the pre-
liminaries as to the time and place of
meeting But If even these preliminaries
can he arranged directly between the
two powers. or in any other way. the
President will be glad. as his sole pur-
pose is to bring about a meeting which
the whole civilized world will pray will
result in peace"
This action on the part of the Presi-
dent led to the meetings at Portsmouth,
n. H. where a treaty OF peace was
signed. Illustrating the changes that time
can bring about. Japan and Russia are
now allies.
The Washington herald. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1939, 1914-08-23
How American Finance Has Faced European War Panic

requirement. THE effect Of the issue Of
Aidrich- notes by these banks
viii be to enable them to retain the legal
tender money which comes in to them in
the ordinary course Of business, and
thereby to restore their reserves, instead
OF being called upon TO impair them by
constant payments OF gold and United
States notes for ordinary currency pur-
poses. 49,,
In some respects the authority for the
issue Of notes-1pder the new law Is pre-
cautionary rather than a matter Of i'm
mediate necessity. 1t removes the motive
for boarding currency by making 1t clear
that currency can always be had Tor
good assets In this direction II supplies
the hanks with a means Of meeting the
legitimate demands Of their clients Tor
moving the wheat and cotton crops with
out reducing their reserve in gold and
other legal tender money. 1t Is not PROD
able that more than a few hundred mil
lions of the new currency will be issued
At most; but the fact that II can be hao'
and had promptly. AFFORDS insurance
against the needless calling Of loans, the
boarding of currency, monetary panic
and suspension of currency payments.
Can the Crops he Moved and Paid
For.
One of the most important problems
arising from the war is the stoppage OF
ocean trafic and the breakdown In for
eign5 exchange. Commercial vessels OF
the beIligerent powers are liable 10 cap
tuFe at sea. and gold cannot be shipped
in either direction except at insurance
rates which are so high AZ TO be pro
hFbitive. The question of shipping viii
probably be solved in part by the con-
tending powers themselves, who VIII De
in more desperate need OF American
food products than America will be OF
finding a market for them. ALREADY
there is talk that the governments OF
Great Britain and Belgium will insure
shipments of grain. or, in other words
will themselves assume the loss In case
Of capture.
The breakdown in eign exchange
seemed for a few days after the out
break Of war to be more complete than
at any time since the beginning OF the
era of steamships and ocean cabling
MANY American houses had sold bills OF
exchange short before the panic De
came acute. with the expectation OF
Covering by the purchase Of grain and
cotton bills coming into the market in
the autumn others had sold exchange
against intended shipments OF gold
which could no longer be made when
the metal was exposed to seizure by
hostile cruisers In the meantime Sc