The leader-enterprise. [volume] (Fitzgerald, Ga.) 1912-1915, 1914-04-08

"aler Inc mixture should then be
diluted with cold water so as to make
a total of $50 gallons and strained. If
arsenate of lead is to be added, use
6 pounds to $50 gallons after diluting
to the required amount. The arsenate
OF lead should be dissolved in a small
amount Of water before being added
to the mixture. If the cooking is not
stopped when the lime is Stacked, the
sulphur will continue to dissolve,
and the mixture may get strong
enough to injure the peach foil
age. What is wanted is simply good
mechanical mixture of the lime and
sulphur with as little of the latter
dissolved as possible. The straining
is important and should be carefully
done SO as to prevent the nozzles from
clogging while spraying. In straining
all the sulphur should be washed
through if possible.
Protecting the Apples.
The principle enemies against which
apple growers have to fight in Geor-
gia are the coddling moth or common
apple worm, apple scab, apple leaf spot
and bitter rot.
The coddling moth is an insect pest
most extensively found on apple trees
and most destructive. This insect
is controlled by spraying with a solu-
ton of arsenate of lead, practically the
same as with the peach, though the
best results can be obtained with the
apple only by using a nozzle throwing
a heavy, coarse spray, under high
pressure-from 200 to 300 pounds.
This pressure is necessary in order
to force the poisonous spray into the
inner calyx so that the coddling moth
may be killed as it attempts to enter
The best results are obtained by
using two pounds of arsenate of lead
to so gallons Of water, to which should
be added a milk of lime solution made
of three pounds of stone lime. There
should be at least two sprayings with
this mixture; the first within few
days after the shedding of the bloom
and the second week or ten days
later than the first.
Fungus Diseases of Apple.
Apple scab and apple leaf spot, de-
structive fungus diseases seriously af-
fecting the trees and the fruit, are con-
trolled by the prepared lime and sui
phur solution spray. The first spraying
should be made with prepared lime and
sulphur solution (not the homemade
kind at strength of two gallons to
fifty gallons of water, just before the
cluster buds open. The second spray
ing should take place within two or
three weeks with the same solution at
a strength of one and one-half gallons
to fifty Of water, and the third spray
ing three weeks later at the same
strength. 1t is very necessary for both
of these diseases, to apply the first
spraying of lime-sulphur just before
the cluster buds open and not wait I'M
til the full leaf crop unfolds, in or
der to insure the best results. By add
ing pounds of arsenate of lead to the
last two sprayings for scab and leaf
spot, the spray will also control the
coddling moth. Fertilization and clean
cultivation will render the trees more
resistant to these diseases.
Bitter rot is one of the most serious
diseases of the apple and is more diff
fcult to control than leaf spot and
scab. 1t is fungus disease that causes
the apples to rot some time before they
are matured, usually beginning in July
It is controlled by the prepared lime
and sulphur solution, the same as for
leaf spot and scab, but for the most
effective control of it, Bordeaux mix
ture should be used late in the season,
from July on. The Bordeaux mixture
should not be used early in the season
because it is liable to injure the young
and tender apples. There should be
two Of three applications of Bordeaux
at intervals of two or three weeks.
The Bordeaux mixture is made by
dissolving three or four pounds of cop
per sulphate (bluestone) in a wooden
vessel containing twenty-five gallons
of water The bluestone should be
placed in bag and suspended in the
water so that it will just be submerged.
In another vessel four pounds of lime
should be Stacked by adding a little
water at time. Then strain the lime
and dilute to rs gallons with water.
Then pour the two mixtures together,
letting them mix as they fall into the
receiving vessel. If ar-enate of lead
is to be added, it should be put in
last
Where only one or two trees are to be
sprayed small hand spray may be
used, though with this the work is
naturally slower and more tedious. In
the larger orchards barrel pumps hold
ing fifty gallons are generally employ
ed, while in many of the big CONNER
cial orchards gasoline pumps are COM
ing more and more into use.
The principal object Of this article
is to direct the attention Of the peach
and apple grower to the fact that
spraying time is about here, and if
perfect fruit is sought, the methods
described must be followed carefully,
according to the necessities in each
case. The state department of ento-
mOlOgV will he glad to furnish detailed