davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1914-10-08

From 1875 to 1919 the French soldier
met the fighting man of every other
nation and WIS NaPOleoD4ed to vic
tory. During adj that period he was
seh6oH;z If ever, coufrORted by the troops
Of one country. Forever it was allies.
aIhes, and more aIEeS lie did all his
fighting away from his own soil.
carrying the battle to the enemy. never
Whiting for him-Bcnaparte didn't know
how 10 fight that way i'm the Peninsular
campaigns the French marshals of the
absent Emperor suffered defeat at the
hands Of WellingtOu's English. Spanish
and Portuguese troops But they fought
terri6cs4iy and had Their share OF VIC
tory.
And are these twenty-five years Of
glory an the praisewOrtily fighting of
which the French soldier can boast?
Var from It He has fighdng history
chat for scope Of field and range Of
operations over the-w0rld is second only
TO that OF England And not even second
IN the UatteT of fighting. Second merely
IN fighting that does not retain the fruits
Of bzsttie, which, after all, rs more of a
dSpbonlatlst's job and not the province
Of so5Uber.
During the eight celebrated CrusadeS
Of history undertaken TO rescue the Holy
Sepulchre IN Jerusalem from the anti
Christian. the French soldier did his full
share Of fighting and then some TO spare.
In the First Crusade, 1895. Hugh, the
brother Of King Phiiip l. Of France. led
a large army Of his countrymen into
COnStantDOple. from which rauying
point they advanced on Nice and Antioch
and finally took Jerusalem in company
with their allies Ii was French soldiers
who erected and guarded the little king
dom erirciing the holy tomb In 114T
louis VII Of France led 10000 soldiers
across Europe and laid siege to Damas-
Gus Philip Augustus. King Of France.
IN company with Richard the Lion
Hearted Of England, captured Acre in
the Third Crusade. l1S9 The Count Of
Flanders led another French army in the
Fourth Crusade, 1902. during which
Constantinople vas captured as a feat
Incidental Of the main purpose and with
out Crusade value whatever.
French valor has a very decided dating
point from the battle Of Bouvines.
fought August %. 1914 Philip Augustus.
the French King. attacked an immense
~ superior force of 10000 English.
Flemish and German troops and won a
complete victory The fiefs Of Fla nders
and Boulogne were forfeited TO the
French crown end a five year truce was
bought Of Philip by the payment OF
6O.oOO marks. Louis ~. Of France. OF
sksiEt Louis, led the Seventh and Eighth
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1914-10-08
frances Fighting Men.

Several characteristics OF the fighting
man of France stand out during these
wonderful two and twenty years. The
chief Of these may be called the almost
fanatical consecrat ton TO the task of
beating in battle every king or com
mander of a king or soldier Of king.
that came before him. No Moh>>>1ne-
dan was ever more reckless Of life or
willing to sacrifice that life TO prin-
ciple The guillotine period of RevOlu-
tionary France was responsible for a
caTousness to death. Childhood had
witnessed beheadings and gore until
boys and gir.s asked TO be taken TO
executions as an amusement similar to
going to a circus Boys who became
Napoleonic soldiers later became accus-
toned to The sight Of fathers and moth
ers and relatives seized at supper and
executed within forty eight hours. Death
had sna tched some one in every house
hold. So certain was it to come that
children heard it joked about. The pail
Of death imminence hung over them.
armies menacing France were respon-
sible for the guiHotine. They became
the most redoubtable soldiers Of Europe,
for they fought for years To force an
acquiescence in their views.
1t is related that Frederick William
of Prussia, in an engagement near
Frankfort in 1871, saw a young French
grenadier holding a slope alone against
a score Of enemies. He had him taken
alive, and when he was brought before
him said -
"Yov are a brave lad and it is a pity
you fight for bad cause"
Citizen William, replied the young
soldier, we should never agree on that
point. We'd better change the subject.
Thus the strong anti-king belief made
the French soldier invincible. He be
heved he was ordained 70 uphft the
world. This belief had the force of a
religion with him, the same as Christian
| ity overcame Rome and Mohammedanism
subdled great peoples OF Asia and
Africa Because Of this a levy Of
10000 men was raised quickly to face
the nations battering at the frontiers Of
France. All were inoculated with the
revolutionary principle and felt them
selves apostles ready for sacrifice OF self.
They had a hardihood and heroism that
could never be shaken and which never
failed them in the direct misfortune.
Their leaders helped to make the
French soldier irresistible All were
young men, and men who achieved their
rank by deeds on the field and not
through influence. Napoleon was but
twenty seven when be began his memoir
able Italian campaign. HOche. a cor
poral in 17S9. was a general Of division
and commander Of an army at twenty
five The extreme youth Of these lead
ers naturally brought with it the accom-
paniment of youth, a dash. an impetu-
osity and an unusual way Of fighting
which bewildered the older generals Of
the allies
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1914-10-08

great COrsiean led his Gallo hosts dur
ing two and twenty world stirring years
To the Hottest heights and then beyond,
the Man Of Destiny led them. Up into
the very clouds, nearer to the sun
centre Of glory and renown than man
had ever mounted before, the fighting
French solder followed. Patriotically
co1secrated, with a sheer for death and
a deiiric==s cash ever ready for the des-
perate occasion, he flung himself into the
he'll of battle, passionately happy be-
cause Of the chance to distinguish him
self under the eye of his denigOd leader
Nobody had ever made a French sol
der do rs much before. Nobody, Ger
taiuly, has made ham do as much since.
But the doing is in him, ever ready to
BE brought out History warns, how
ever, that the fighter of France to insure
victory must first partzke of the sacra-
mert Of true Dedication A Lazy nfbble
of the bread Of devotion or a trifling sip
Of the froth of rant from the chaliee of
sacrifice is insufficient stimulus AnaIy-
SIS of many a French defeat proves it.
Property stirred, the fighter of France is
mJineIble
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1914-10-08
Mass Formation.

Many Of the victories Of the French
soldier of the period were gained through
an attack comparable in It's elements TO
the French temperament. The column
or mass system was in vogue. The
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1914-10-08

Telnitz. Napoleon ordered his artillery
to play ON the ice, which broke beneath
the soldiers. This detail Of the victory
was a massacre. The Russians and
Austrians lost 27,OO0 dead and wounded
and the French $500 The triumph
placed Napoleon and the French soldier
at the zenith of their glory.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1914-10-08
HS2
8

Antwerp, made forced march over the
ice and captured the Dutch fleet IN the
Texel. Thus boldly facing foreign
army at each of her frontiers. and beat
ing them one after the other, France
came to the year 1875, the year of the
wonderful Italian campaign and the rise
of the star of Bonaparte.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1914-10-08

Crusades with enthusiastic French
soldiers in the years 1249 and 1910 by
way of Egypt and Tunis. He died in
the latter country, the last champion of
the attempt 10 gain and guard the Holy
Sennlchre
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1914-10-08

der of France, look
toward the great
dOmed tomb Of the
InValides IN Paris
and find the answer
[ h 2 r Napoleon
Bonaparte.
To the loftiest
heights Of military
achievement { b e
The Gem worker and the Idaho labor herald. (Boise, Idaho) 1914-1917, 1914-12-24
Suggests A War Preventative

An international court that would
enforce its decisions through the pow
erful and relentless methods of com
mercial non-intercourse is favored by
Samuel ]. Elder, former United States
commissioned to The Hague, to end
war. This is the plan suggested;
Should this court be informed that
nation was disregarding its treaties
or had even begun to increase its
armament in preparation for war in
excess Of its agreed activity, this ma
ton would be warned, and if it per-
sisted would be cut off wholly from
all communication with other civilized
states. Credit would be refused,
goods would not be sold or punches
The Gem worker and the Idaho labor herald. (Boise, Idaho) 1914-1917, 1914-12-24

Steel companies Of Chicago have put
10000 men TO work who have been idle
since last spring.
tuberculosis caused $4,000 deaths in
the United States last year and an eco
nomic loss OF about $250000,000.
The quarterly report of the Massa-
chusetts bureau OF statistics shows that
II per cent Of organized labor was out
Of work on Sept. 30
More than 10000 employees Of the
Pennsylvania railroad were born in
those countries now engaged in the
European war. according to figures
compiled by the company.
Leo oddo. business agent for the
Cleveland Garment Workers union.
was shot and instantly killed BY two
unidentified men recently as he was
walking along an unfrequented street
The Gem worker and the Idaho labor herald. (Boise, Idaho) 1914-1917, 1914-12-24
TEXTILE WORKERS WAGES.
Slight Increase In Pay During the Past
Four Years.

Slight Increase In Pay During the Past
Four Years.
In a report issued by the United
States department of labor. wages and
hours Of labor in the cotton. wooden
and worsted and silk industries for the
years 1907 to 1913 are discussed.
The wages recorded are an argument
for organization among these workers
and the trade union campaign now lie.
ing conducted in this country by the
American Federation of Labor and the
United Textile Workers IS given an i'm.
petus by the publication OF this report.
which shows the low wages paid.
The average full time weekly earn.
ings in 1913 in the cotton goods indus.
try for the seven different occupations
recorded were 5000 week This in
cludes male and female workers.
In wooden and worsted goods the NV
erage for six occupations. male ana
female. was S1O.32 week. Here the
highest rate was $i3.3o for mule spin
ners and the lowest $7.33 for frame
spinners.
In silk goods the rates ranged from
Sill week for male loom fixers to
$500 for female spnners. The average
for the eleven occupations was S1l.67
week.
While these wages are pitifully small.
gains are noted over former years. as
the report says: RATES of wages per
hour in 1913 were OF per cent higher
than in 1912. 1917 per cent higher than
In 1911 and TIA per cent higher than in
1910" "a
The Gem worker and the Idaho labor herald. (Boise, Idaho) 1914-1917, 1914-12-24
WOMEN RECEIVE
STARVING WAGE

Nearly 20 per cent OF 1926 working
women in Philadelphia receive less
than $3.50 per week, while the aver.
age cost Of living is ut least 1888 per
week, according to a report issued by
the Consumers League Of Eastern
Pennsylvania. after an investigation
BY the Misses Marie Biddle, May *.
Flannery and Mary Mcconnell. extend
Ing from November. 1913 to June, 1914.
The study conducted by the league
included tifty-dve establishments en-
ploying 0.9S1 women. while the pay
roll data was obtained from five stores,
Including 1926 women IN the different
occupations. 1t was found that 52l
per cent We're employed as saleswomen.
with the wage received by the greatest
number only So week
AS mnny as 24.7 per cent received
only SIS week as clerical workers.
while l.S per cent received the same as
pneumatic tube cashiers. The remnin-
ing 21.4 per cent received less than
"a per week. or at least $3.50 below
what was found to be an ADEQUATE
wage to support woman alone in the
city.
These weekly expenditures were OBJ
tained after careful study of the
home life of many of the girls and by
cutting the possibility Of surplus ex
penditures to the lowest point. They
are:
Board and ROOM. ..................... $40
Clothing ........................... LII
Car tare-.......... .-.-.................... 60
Amusement ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. IL
Health. laundry. insurance. etc........ L65
$3.50
Even trying to live within the salary
received. the closest of economy will
hardly suffice to allow the girl to spend
less than in the above table. The item
for clothing. while it seems to be
rather large, allows the girl only SSs92
per year with which to buy suits. hats.
shoes. underwear and all other articles
necessary for respectfully dressed
woman.
The IL cents per week for amuse-
ment generally means movie" or
two and little candy. very little en-
joyment out Of life for the girl who
works eight hours a day for six days
week.
Moreover, the girls who have to prac-
tice these rigid economies are 1873 Der
cent Of them under twenty-one years
Of age. girls who are at the period of
lie when they should be able to enjoy
themselves. when they should be able
to look forward to marriage as the one
event Of their life. AS 1t is.
to the average working girl
should be rushed into as soon as posi-
Die as the only freedom from the
irudgery Of the shop and store.
Very few women receive more than
Sl5 per week. for out Of the 1928 cases
Investigated 9G.s per cent received less
than that amount. while nearly 80 per
,ent received less than $40.
The Gem worker and the Idaho labor herald. (Boise, Idaho) 1914-1917, 1914-12-24
coffin Workers win stril,.

A strike OF about 600 coffin makers
affiliated with the international Cabi.
net Makers and Wood Workers union.
which began two months ago in New
York city. has ended. The strikers re-
turned to work under an agreement
With the employers by which the de-
mands for higher wages and a shorter
work day are conceded.
The Gem worker and the Idaho labor herald. (Boise, Idaho) 1914-1917, 1914-12-24

ed, with the result that the offending
financially and would either come to
terms or become bankrupt
impossible was the speaker
view of forming the United States OF
Europe. He said conditions on the
continent were not in any way COM
parable with those in America.
A company that has saved you
money is the company you should tie
to. The Idaho Power & Light Co.
Right at Christmas time and prices
slashed all to pieces at Collins Hard
ware Store.
Eat Drinks New Home Made bread.
A stick of candy with every loaf.
The Gem worker and the Idaho labor herald. (Boise, Idaho) 1914-1917, 1914-12-24
WORKERS RIGHTS.

The most important service
which the church can render Is
TO stand like a rock against all
forms of lawlessness and in
favor Of the right Of every man
to work for wage which may
be agreed upon between him and
, his employer At the same time
it should bring mornl pressure TO
) bear upon the employing classes
TO make sure that their attitude
) toward their workipen il one OF
sympathy and humanity.-Rob-
) err Underwood johnson.
The Gem worker and the Idaho labor herald. (Boise, Idaho) 1914-1917, 1914-12-24
CHRISTMAS HOLIDAY ExcURs.
IONS.

Via the Oregon Short Line, be-
tween local points. Tickets on sale
Decebemr 10. 10, 20, 2i. p. %. "A, rs,
and 81, 1914, and January !, 1915; linz
il January 18th. See agents for rates
and furather particulars.
The Washington times., 1914-07-29
j. S. SAFEGUARDING
INTERESTS ABROAD
Redfield and Other Advisers of
President See No Serious
Danger lust Now.

Face to face with a European wa.
that may result in a new distribution al
the worlds balance Of power and has
already distributed values everywhere
the Administration today took steps to
safeguard the United States from dan
ger Of commercial and financial disturb
ance. Secretary Of Commerce Redfeld
has already taken up the question of the
interruption of commerce. From re-
ceived he is convinced there is no serious
danger that regular traffic between
American and foreign ports will suffer
materially. although Of course many OF
the best steamers are sure to be with
drawn for use as transports and feet
auNiliar1es should nations other man
Austria and Servia become involved, as
is feared.
The reports so far made to the Presi-
dent are chiefly a reassuring character,
II Is stated that the American securities
market is so clear OF paper at present
that II can absorb practically all Of the
offerings from Europe without becoming
panic-stricken, although naturally
values must inevitably crumble
Just how serious an effect a general
European war will have upon the for
tunes Of the United States is prob
IemancaL according to the Information
given the President by his advisers. II
the war is reasonably short it will be
very beneficial Experts of a purely
commercial nature, food, clothing. and
supplies, are expected TO increase mate
rally, with the resultant increase in the
output of factories.
Business men who have talked about
this phase of the situation at fhe White
House have told the President and
others that within a fortnight after a
general European v-ar has actually
started every factory in the United
States will be working overtime. As a
contrast, however, the President has
also been told that food prices will soar
70 hitherto unknown figures, that ,wo-
dollar wheat is far an i.npossibility, and
that this Ill prove a terrible hardship
10 the Door.
The Washington times., 1914-07-29
E WASHINGTON TIMES. WEDNESDAY, JULY 90 1914

104 members in the chamber of depu-
ties, after discussing the relation of
France to the Austro-Servian conflict.
issued a declaration to the effect that
the Intervention of Russia would ex-
tend and asgravate the evils of war
without offering any sure guarantees
Of benefit to Servia-
The declaration says that France,
which has foregone for forty years
in the interest of peace, her desire to
recover Alsace- Lorraine ought not
now. because Of occult agreements"
allow herself to be drawn into con-
flict over Servia.
A committee consisting Of Jean
Jaures and others was appointed TO
call on Bienvenu Martin, acting pre-
mier, with a copy Of the declaration
and to ask him his intentions concern
ing the calling of an extra session of
parliament.
The manifesto was made entirely
representative of the party by all the
The Washington times., 1914-07-29
Slumps, Then Rises,
In Chicago Pit Today

CHICAGO. July 2e.-wheat showed
loss from u to AZ cents at the
opening of the Chicago grain market
today. the advance Of yesterday based
on war bulletins having been checked.
Cables from the Liverpool grain mar
ket, where the outlook for peace was
regarded as favorable, inspired a re-
action here.
The early trade was enormous and
yesterdays frantic scenes were re-
peated. For a few seconds after the
opening tap Of the gong. there was a
moment OF hesitation in pit packed
with traders. Then a rush Of selling
orders, based on the optimistic belief
The Washington times., 1914-07-29

cards of notification, who areunable to
bear the necessary expense of the jour-
ney should report to the nearest Austro-
Hungarian diplomatic or consular office
to receive the necessary sum for their
journey home. upon presentation OF
their cards Of notification.
To the rest of those men liable to
military service, the expenses for their
journey home will be refunded accord
ing to the existing regulations"
Similar calls to arms are expected to
be received here for the Servian SUBJ
jects. Unless the war Is localized the
number OF Austro- Hungarians in Amer
lea who will be affected by the order of
their Emperor will be in the neighbor-
hood of 200. 900.
The Washington times., 1914-07-29
GOLD SHIPMENTS TO
EUROPE SET RECORD
More Than S12,5o0yO00 Con-
signed in Two Days to Paris
and London Banks.

NEW YORK, July 2s.-Wlth the in
,1easfnr gravity of the war condition in
Europe. the shipments Of gold to Lon
Aon and Paris banks are continuing at
rate never before equaled. by tonight
more than 100000 will have been sent
to Europe in the last two days.
Ships yesterday carried more than
SI1.0OO.OO0 out of New York for London
and Paris, and today 81, SOC .ocO more will
be shipped. The Carmania and the La
Savoie will carry the gold cargo.
The shipment Of American gold to
Europe since the first of the year now
totals SOS. 10000. OF this s7s.0cO0oo was
sent in June-also a new record
Insurance underwriters are greatly
concerned whether these gold shipments
are contraband. The German liner
kronprtnzessin Cecile, which sailed yes
terday. carried more than S10,0 900. In
the event that war is declared between
Germany and Russia or Germany and
France, ii is held by many experts that
this cargo would be contraband
No Sign of Panic.
Though heavy losses have been sus-
tained in many Of the stocks and the
volume of trading has geen greater than
at any time since 1907, there vas moth
ing approaching a panic here.
Reams of securities from foreign and
local markets have been dumped on
the New York exchange, but buyers
have been plentiful, and there was no
sign today that they will not continue
so.
The record shipment of gold bullion
abroad is not worrying United States
Treasury officials. The Government
now has on hano, it was stated, H.
2soo00.0o0 in gold bullion and coin
Treasury official was authority for
the statement that this country can
meet any demand for gold. The sup
ply of the metal in the Denver mint
now exceeds $780, 000, 200, and there is
like amount in PHILADELPHIA The re-
mainder of the supply is divided among
the subtreasuries.
Exchange Hit Hard.
The New York produce exchange was
hard hit by the war scare. Prices soar
ed upward. Foreign houses ordered
grain bought in big lots. These orders
we're accompanied with instructions to
have the grain shipped at once, as it
was feared the shipments might be in
terferred with il general war breaks
out.
Insurance rates on gold for trans
Atlantic shipments jumped to an al
most prohibitive figure today From
6k cents per 800, II has leaped since
yesterday morning to is cents Bank
ers predicted that If II continues any
higher II probably will forestalI any
more shipments Of gold abroad
The Washington times., 1914-07-29
Are
Called Home to Fight

All Austro- Hungarians in the United
States subject to military duty in their
native country have been recalled to
take up arms against the Servians. Re-
servists belonging to eight army corps
must Immediately make arrangements
to go home, declared Commander Bur-
tyn. naval attache of the Australian
garian embassy, through whom the am
bassador issued the call to arms.
The call notifies all Austro-Hungar-
ians In this country that the Emperor
has ordered a partial mobilization"
and says:
Those men liable to military service
under this order will receive a personal
card of notification.
The expenses for the journey home
will be refunded. The men receiving
The Washington times., 1914-07-29

terday to a total of ssSs.ss5.Ooo at s2k
cents per bushel.
The rise Of "a cents In corn YESTERDAY
enhanced the estimated crop OF s.sis.-
100000 bushels by S.. ga, 500. to an aggre-
gate value Of S2,172.s $4,000 besed on the
closing prices at Chicago OF 7fa cents
per bushel.
The increase of II cents In cats to
81 cents per bushel raised the value OF
the 1914 crop. estimated at 1,1s7. ieo. 900
bushels. by u7,s66,550 to n total Of
$40, 92s 900.
The Washington times., 1914-07-29

that there might be no general Euro
pean war, carried prices down. With
in fifteen minutes a moderate buying
movement set in and prices again
made slight advances. September fu-
lures suffered most under the heavy
selling movement.
Provisions made conservative ad-
vances on the war news.
The Washington times., 1914-07-29
Grain Prices Enhanced
$169, Cos, 900 by Scare

In one days tumultuous trading on
grain exchanges yesterday, the Euro-
pean war scare resulted in enhancing
grain prices s16e sos 0co, according TO the
latest figures available today Mt the De-
partment of Agriculture.
Increase Of 9i4 cents pcr busheI on on
estimated 1914 wheat crop of go 0co,oO0
bushels boosted Its valiic sSf OF, Geo yes
The Washington times., 1914-07-29

extreme socialist deputies signing IT.
Bienvenu Martin replied that the
calling together of parliament imme-
diately would be useless because the
government had no statement to sub
nit to It, He said the cabinet was
endeavoring to make effective the
English proposal for mediation which
sought the best means of avoiding an
extension of the conflict.