davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Grand Forks daily herald., 1914-12-28

LOST-PocKETBooK ON NORTH 5T1I
st: car, containing keys and card
Margaret Hedican.'' Finder please
call 931-L N w.
Grand Forks daily herald., 1914-12-28

FEMALE HOUSE
eye. Call $751;. Tri-State.
Grand Forks daily herald., 1914-12-28
LOST & FOUND

PARTY WHO PICKED UP MANS
pockctbook in Ten Cent Store. con-
tanning $50 and some change is known.
Return to Herald and no questions
will be asked.
Grand Forks daily herald., 1914-12-28

TABLIsHED MANUFACTURER
wants state manager: high class arti-
Gle: should pay $4,000 annually; $500
to $1,000 capital: will pay expenses to
Chicago If you are man we want; ref
erences. Salesmanager. SIS Old Col
/ ony Bldg, Chicago.
Grand Forks daily herald., 1914-12-28
Miscellaneous-For Sale

M1LLET HAY FOR SALE. E. j. SUR
prenant. Phone T-S. East 299-J
FOR SALE-GOOD CUTTER AND
bells: ENQUIRE Pepple. us South 4th.
Washington farmer. [volume] (Spokane, Wash.) 1914-1971, 1914-06-15
OVER PRODUCTION OF APPLES

In the long run of life there will be
no over production of apples. 1t has
never occurred that when a period of
years, like generation for instance,
and world market is considered that
any food product has been over DONE
There are fluctuations of course,
growing ont of the opinions of per-
sons as to the needed supply and
other factors; but the tendency is
always to equilibrium. In recent
years many orchards are being set
by land companies who find it more
profitable to set the lard to trees,
end sell it for much larger price than
it would bring if not in orchard.
Many of these orchards are being set
on land not adapted to fruits. and in
climates subject to frosts, winds, etc.
In time these orchards in competi-
ton with the more favored places
will be abandoned. Then too, many
persons have been attracted to the
orchard business who are not adapted
to it; will not study it scientifically
will not properly manage their or
chards. nor meet the requirements of
the best markets in picking and pack
ing. These will be gradually weeded
out and only those who do the work
in the best way will remain. L am
expecting that when the orchards
that are now being set come into
bearing. that for a time prices will
be low. This will make the business
Improbable to all except those who
grow the best varieties in the best
way. For these, there will always
be fair profit, and when the others
are out of the business they will reap
large profits; for the best things are
never overdone and the best fruits
will always bring large prices in the
world IS markets.
Washington farmer. [volume] (Spokane, Wash.) 1914-1971, 1914-06-15
COVER CROP OR CLEAN ORCHARD

What clean cultivation does for an
orchard. We will grant the claims of
those who say that clean cultivation
forms a dust mulch on the top of the
ground and conserves moisture. This
is probably the best method of Guilt
vation where the rain fall is not sutfi-
cient without this method or some
other system of mulching.
We will grant that in deep porous
soil, where the tree roots can easily
penetrate to considerable depth, and
where there is plenty of moisture in
the subsoil, clean cultivation is good
and an orchard cultivated in this way
looks we'll. We will grant that where
irrigation is practiced and there is
plenty of water with which to ir-
rigate, that the process of irrigation
is easier than where there is some
kind of cover crop to obstruct the
flow of the water. But when all
these propositions are granted there
is a most stubborn fact which should
be considered and which until recent
ly was not generally known, and that
is, the feeding roots of the tree are
near the surface. Whatever other
roots exist, such as the bracing roots,
that hold the tree to the ground Eand
Washington farmer. [volume] (Spokane, Wash.) 1914-1971, 1914-06-15
WHAT THE PLANT NEEDS

Ist. There must be a supply of
nutriUive or plastic materials, at the
expense OF which growth can take
place. These materials supply the
potential energy of the plant; or at
least furnish the medium through
which the energy operates.
End. There must be supply OF
water sufficient to set up a certain
amount of hydrostatic pressure in Che
cells; for only turgid cells can grow.
3rd. The supply of water must be
associated with the formation OF
osmotic substances in the cell or it
cannot be made to enter it.
4th. The cell must have a certain
temperature for the activity of the
protoplasts is only possible within
certain limits which differ in case of
certain plants.
9Th. There must be a supply of
oxygen to the growing cells; for the
Washington farmer. [volume] (Spokane, Wash.) 1914-1971, 1914-06-15
PEAR OR CHERRY SLUG

| am in receipt of letter from
James Morrison, Watson, Oregon, in
which he says:
"Last year my pear and cherry
trees we're so badly infected with
slugs that two sets of foliage were
completely devoured by them. What
shall | do to control the pest?
evil kerosene emulsion and ar
senate of lead be of benefit combined?
"About the time the cherries are
ripe are when the slugs are the worst.
Is it dangerous Go use the poison at
this time? There seems to be two
generations of the slugs. They dis
appear altogether for short time
soon after the cherries have ripened,
then they reappear again in increased
numbers. Give their life history and
how they propagate, also what is con-
sidered the best practice in control
ling thisspest?"
Answer: l. Arsenate of lead will
kill the slug. White Hellebore,
one pound to 80 pounds of water, will
kill. Black leaf one part to 800 parts
water will do the work; or common
road dust, fine ashes, or lime.
sprinkled upon them will kill them.
2. / do not think it dangerous to
use the poison at this time. but 1T
will in some degree mar the beauty OF
the cherry when placed in boxes for
the market.
3. In giving it's life history, it
may be said that cit is the larva OF
fly which matches in May or June and
begins feeding at once on the upper
surface of the leaf consuming all but
the main skeleton of the leaf.
"They have dirty, greenish, Shiny
appearance with heads considerably
larger than the body
"They moult five times and in
July drop to the ground which they
enter to depth of about three inches
and pupate. During the hot weather
they will complete their transforma-
ton in II to 10 days. There are two
broods and possibly a portion of a
third each season.
Some of the pupae winter in the
ground and emerge as flies in the
spring and begin laying their eggs in
the young leaves of pear and cherry.
The eggs are laid between the upper
and lower surface of the leaf. -
Washington farmer. [volume] (Spokane, Wash.) 1914-1971, 1914-06-15
HORTICULTURAL DEPARTMENT
GRANVILLE LOWTHER Editor, North Yakima, Wash
regarding editor

protoplasts are dependent upon this
gas for its vital functions, and par
ticularly for the liberation of energy
which is demanded in the construc-
tive processes.
Baxter Springs news. [volume] (Baxter Springs, Kan.) 1882-1919, 1914-09-03

oping a new school, based on facts
and scientific investigation.
1T Ii q debating club. The busi--
ness OF the union, be It Of routine
character, or Of a more complicated
nature, requires discussion and DELHI
Grafton. Points of order are raised
which require careful decision. Par
llamentary skill is brought into play;
the natural abilities of the members
as debaters are brought into constant
practice. The progress made In this
direction, in the course Of years, Is
Of vital influence in the affairs Of the
nation.
1T is a trial court. The rules OF
the union require, for the manage
ment of its affairs. the enforcement
Of discipline and obedience to the
laws enacted by the majority. Pun
ishment as q deterrent, in the shape
OF fines, suspension and expulsion
Baxter Springs news. [volume] (Baxter Springs, Kan.) 1882-1919, 1914-09-03
GOOD RETURNS FROM SHEEP
a Small Flock Would Prove a DeaIr.
able Addition to the Average
Kansas Farm.

A few sheep on the average Kansas
farm, II cared for properly, will give
good financial returns. A person start
ing into the sheep business should not
stock up heavily until he has learned
how to handle 1t, because sheep grow
ing is an uncertain business for the
man who knows little about It.
Sheep are sometimes called the
plant-scavengers Of the farm. They
will thrive on more kinds Of weeds
than will any other domestic animal.
They may be used for cleaning mp
weedy corn fields or small corners and
waste patches OF grass and weeds.
Sheep growing has It's drawbacks.
Coyotes and dogs cause sheep growers
much trouble In some localities. To
make a success Of growing sheep You
must give them a great deal Of atten-
ton, especially at Landing time. The
fences ordinarily found on Kansas
farms are not tight enough to keep the
sheep from going where they please.
Baxter Springs news. [volume] (Baxter Springs, Kan.) 1882-1919, 1914-09-03


alton and In measure aiding In hold
ing snow and preventing blowing OF
the soil.
Farmers Of western Kansas find that
turning under q heavy growth OF stub
BILE invites almost certain failure, es-
pecially in dry years. Burning the
stubble is q common, but bad practice,
as 1t constantly decreases the humus
supply OF the soil. A better practice
is to list as soon after harvest as pos
sible and then work the ridges down
gradually SO that good seed bed Is
obtained before seeding time. When
this cannot be done. It is probably bet
ter to disk the ground two or three
times than to turn under heavy
growth Of straw.
Probably the point Of greatest -prac'
tical importance brought out by ex-
periments at Manhattan is the value
Of rotation OF crops in growing wheat.
In 1918, wheat that was grown In ro-
tatlon with corn and oats produced
about nine bushels an acre more than
when grown continuously upon the
same ground. II was also found that
the wheat could be grown at less ex-
pense, as deep blowing appeared not
to be necessary as when wheat follow.
ed wheat year after year. For ex-
ample, ground that had grown wheat
for four years produced nearly twice
as much wheat when plowed seven
inches deep as when plowed three
inches deep, but when grown In rota-
ton with other crops the threeinch
blowing gave practically as large
yields as when the ground was plowed
seven inches or twelve inches deep.
In western Kansas, attempting to
grow wheat on ground that grew
wheat last year is inviting almost GER
tain failure. The soil Is deficient In
both plant food and moisture as a
result Of the heavy crop just harvest
ed. The ground is dead. 1t needs
rest, and the chances are that 1t Will
take one by refusing to grow another
crop of wheat next year.
The safest proposition for that part
Of the state IS to plan on sowing as
large an acreage OF kaflr or other grain
sorghums as possible next spring.
Then, some Of the ground that was in
wheat this year should be fallowed
next year; that is, 1t should be allowed
to remain as 1t is until next May or
June. It should then be plowed and
kept in good condition until seeding
time the following fall. This will
involve very little risk and will prac-
tically insure q crop in 1915. The
fallow must be so handled, however,
that the soil will not blow. The safest
way to do this is to avoid working the
surface too fine. Use a spring-tooth
harrow or alfalfa cultivator that
l@ves the ground somewhat ridged.
II this is not effective, lister may be
used to run burrows across the field
several rods apart. II these burrows
ere run at right angles to the direc-
ton OF the wind they will catch the
dust particles and effectually stop the
damage.
Baxter Springs news. [volume] (Baxter Springs, Kan.) 1882-1919, 1914-09-03

Does it pay to work in the field from
sun TO sun and do the chores by
lantern light? ANY farmer will tell
you that the chores are made more
disagreeable; that danger OF fire
through overturned lanterns and care
lessly dropped matches is increased;
and that at the end OF the Gay the
farmer and his sons are tired and do
not give the stock the care that they
otherwise would. No matter how
early the farm-hands ere astir. the
farmers wife must also be up that
breakfast may lie ready on time; II
the men work late in the field, supper
must also be late and the dishes Will
not be washed until long past bed
time. Long hours in the field are prev
alent on n majority Of Kansas farms,
cspecially in summer. And what Is
the result? In central Kansas from
thirty-five to fifty dollars Is offered for
men to do general farm work. Even
then the demand is greater than the
supply. On these farms the boys and
girls are dissatisfied with conditions.
In many cases. the farmer and his
family are thinking OF moving to town
where they can take things easy and
enjoy life.
A better plan for the farmer to fol-
low is to make the days work in the
field shorter and have time to enjoy
a few OF the pleasures Of farm life. A
fixed time schedule for each days
work in the field is. perhaps. unwise,
for there are certain tasks on the
farm which cannot be left unfinished.
Make eight hours in the field a days
work and then during harvest or when
crop or climatic conditions require, a
few hours extra viii not be noticed.
The following is a working schedule:
Begin work In the field at 1880.
Quit for noon at 1850.
Begin work after dinner at 200 or
$3.50.
Quit in the evening at 500 or $3.50.
This schedule is for the working
hours in the field. On most farms It
win leave plenty OF time to care for
the horses and do the other chores by
daylight.
In warm countries It is the custom
10 rest during the hottest part Of the
day A similar custom would not 90
amiss with the Kansas farmer. From
1850 to $3.50 are the hottest hours.
On account Of the heat, the amount OF
work done during these hours Is not
Baxter Springs news. [volume] (Baxter Springs, Kan.) 1882-1919, 1914-09-03


~AHB MOST important problem
confronting the Kansas wheat
grower at the present time Is
the preparation OF the ground
for next seasons crop. The exception
ally large yield this year has made q
heavy draft on the supply OF plant
food and molsture stored In the soil,
and this must be replenished before
another good crop can be expected.
Unless the preparation OF the soil is
much better than Is ordinarily the
case, the big 1914 crop will be follow
ed by nine or ten-bushel crop in 1915.
The preparation OF the seed bed, OF
course, is not the only important thing
in growing good crop OF wheat, but
1t Is the one thing OF all others that
needs attention at this time OF year.
Experiments at Manhattan show
definitely that the yield Of wheat de-
ponds very largely upon the time and
manner in which the ground Is pre-
pared. For example. in 1913, which
was a very dry year, ground that was
plowed seven inches deep the middle
OF July produced thlrty-five bushels
to the acre; ground plowed to the same
depth one month later gave a yield, of
32% bushels; while land plowed Sep
TENDER Is, or two months later, yield
ed 2SX bushels. In other words, there
was a gradual decrease in yield with
later blowing. This was probably due
to the fact that early blowing leaves
the ground In better condition to abb
sorb moisture and to develop plant
food than when the land is left in
stubble. Moreover. when ground is
plowed late, there is less opportunity
for 1t to become well packed before
seeding.
Deep blowing was also found to pay
ut Manhattan when the ground was
plowed early, but when the blowing
was late. shallow blowing (three
inches deep gave practically as good
yields as deep blowing (seven inches
deep. Thus a plat plowed seven
inches deep July Is produced 80 BUSH
els an acre, while an adjoining plot
plowed at the same time but three
inches deep produced but 211s bushels
an acre. Two plots were plowed Sep
TENDER 10, one three inches deep, and
the other seven. The seven-inch
blowing gave yield Of III bushels
an acre, and the three-inch blowing
q yield OF 1873 bushels, or a difference
OF less than one bushel to the acre.
Early listing was found to give bet
ter yields than late plowlag. This is
thought to be particularly the case In
western Kansas. Ground can be COW
cred much more rapidly with a lister
than with a plow, and can be quickly
put into condition. to absorb rains.
Plowed ground is more likely to blow,
and, where a heavy growth OF stubble
must be turned under, 1t is practical
ly impossible to get the ground packed
down again after Flowing. But If the
ground Is listed, the stubble Is gradu-
ally worked to the surface as the
ridges are worked down, and lies there
during the winter, preventing evapor-
Baxter Springs news. [volume] (Baxter Springs, Kan.) 1882-1919, 1914-09-03
SHOULD SPEND FEWER HOURS IN THE FIELD

great. The danger Of overheating
both man and beast is also great. To
begin work at once after dinner is
liable to injure ones health. A con-
tinuation Of the practice will cause dis
pepsia and stomach troubles. The inl-
mediate effects may be more serious,
for medical practice has shown that
sunstroke is frequently caused by
overheating after eating hearty meal.
A good moons rest will facilitate work
in the cooler part Of the day by put
ting both man and beast in better con-
dition to do an afternoons work.
Baxter Springs news. [volume] (Baxter Springs, Kan.) 1882-1919, 1914-09-03

.HE wholesome ideals Of the
ID workers, whose day Is celebrated
this September z. are leavening
an human society. II Is admitted that
there must be q fair wage for a fair
days work. but both ends Of the maxim
are insisted on-that the man who gets
a million must work for It. Just as the
man Who gets his two or three OF four
dollars q day works for Il
Baxter Springs news. [volume] (Baxter Springs, Kan.) 1882-1919, 1914-09-03
OF union
Enumeration of the Valuable
Features of the Labor
Organizations.
Protective and FraternaI In Their
Scope, They Are Of InestimabIe
Worth TO Every Man Who Has
the Honor to Be A.
taehed.

J ! !. !. 8: !. !" 7. ! ! J
N HE different ben e a is
which are presented to
- ~ the members Of labor
Ar.u n unions were admirably
set forth q short time
IN ago in an article print.
IN IN ed in the Cigarmakers
ssSs1rzs Journal.
There is no law
~ limiting the scope Of
trade unions" says the article. meth.
er is there any artificial barrier to
check their usefulness, growth and de-
velppment. The scope Of trade
union, as constituted at present. cru
braces many valuable features.
1T is a protective organization. 1t
raises wages and prevents reduction;
1t equalizes wages for equal work per-
formed; 1t endeavors to secure a liv-
ing to all; 1t establishes a minimum
wage for common work; 1t restricts
cut-throat and unfair competition.
1T Is a fraternal association. 1t
sympathizes with the sick and the
afflicted and the unemployed by the
payment of stipulated benefits; In
cases OF distress the help Is Of
substantial nature.
ut is an insurance society. The op-
erative insurance in cases Of death
and total disability Is superior and
less costly than the rates charged by
the ordinary insurance company; 1t is
mutual, safe and economical.
1T Is q savings bank. The trade
union enables the worker to deposit
weekly small sums Of money In the
shape Of dues and assessments, which
are returned to him when most need
ed.
ut is a legislative body. 1t plans,
adopts and amends a constitution and
bylaws without any interference and
advice from outside parties. There Is
no conflict Of interest Of any appreci-
able extent; local differences can be
adjusted in the interest OF the gen.
eral welfare, viewed from q broad
standpoint.
at il q direct legislative league.
The initiative and the referendum,
which are the cardinal features in the
structure OF the constitution, enable
q small number Of unions to propose
amendments and substitutes. They
are submitted to o referendum vote,
with or without any discussion. as the
case may be, and approved or reject
ed. This form Of legislation is sim
pie, direct and elective.
at Is a school Of economies. The
Manchester school Of political econ
omy, from Adam Smith to the present
day, has evolved a school Of doctrines
and critics Of all shades and colors.
Numerous books have been issued on
the functions Of capital. the value Of
labor, the rate OF wages and profits,
the laws Of supply and demand, Of
exchange, finance, etc. The trade
union has, in the attempt to improvs
the condition Of the workers. exposed
their economic fanaeies. Il h dsvel-
Baxter Springs news. [volume] (Baxter Springs, Kan.) 1882-1919, 1914-09-03

Every manufacturer Of feeds In
Kansas must register his product
with the feed-control section OF the
Kansas Agricultural college. The
Kansas feeding-stuffs law requires
this.
Baxter Springs news. [volume] (Baxter Springs, Kan.) 1882-1919, 1914-09-03
Elner Inpllncta AIWaYa There.

Finer Instincts Always There.
This Is an industrial nation. The
pursuits OF commerce may sometimes
momentarily obscure the finer In
stincts OF our people. but the body Of
American industry Il = ane-grained
thing after all. And nowhere does
It show to greater advantage than In
the rslaxAtions Of the first Monday IN
September
Baxter Springs news. [volume] (Baxter Springs, Kan.) 1882-1919, 1914-09-03

from membership, forms a part Of the
laws. The right Of trial and defense
is afforded to every member, with the
right Of appeal to the higher court.
1T Is an industrial democracy. The
object Of the trade union is primarily
Industrial. It aims to elevate the
economic conditions which affect the
welfare Of the workers on q higher
standard of usefulness and efficiency.
The idea of equity Is based on a full
measure Of justice, compatible with
the general welfare. From these
points It cannot depart without de-
strpying the foundation on which its
structure il reared"
Baxter Springs news. [volume] (Baxter Springs, Kan.) 1882-1919, 1914-09-03

Feeding too much corn or shorts
often causes rheumatism In pigs.
Correct the feed and keep the sleep
ing quarters dry and clean. Use \.
reliable Imminent on sweled iOIntA .