davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-06-20

Among the plants which are es-
pecially good as centres for beds, or
the back rows of long beds, are can
mas, salvias, Paris daisies, cosmos and
dracaenas, which, with their up
right growth and narrow recurved
leaves are very graceful and PALM
like. Mrs. r. Sander is a glorious
new double Paris daisy of great size
and Lady Lenox a beautiful soft pink
cosmos with giant flowers, both of
which are well worth making a
special effort to get.
There arc a number of good, low
growing plants, adapted to using for
edging or borders about the beds of
taller growing flowers. Pansies are
used largely for early spring plant
ing. as they can be set out in advance
of most of the other things, but they
do not withstand hot, dry weather,
and where a permanent effect is
wanted the "tufted' pansies, or vio-
las, are better. Sweet alyssum is used
more universally than probably any
other towering plant for edging.
Where something more upright in
growth is desired. candytuft is very
satisfactory. Coleus is another old
favorite that needs no description,
but when using it for edging stick to
single variety. For a rather tall
informal border nothing is superior
to the silvery, graceful dusty mil
ler." Some of the named dwarf sorts
of zinnias are also splendid for edg-
ing, but 1t is not so easy to obtain
them as started plants ready to set
out.
For a striking. tropical-looking ef-
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-06-20

feet in flower beds or upon the lawn
the elephants ears (caladiums) and
castor oil plant (ricinus) are I'M
equaled. The former are quite tender
but keep easily from year to year if
taken up and protected from the
frost, and started again in the spring
in a hotbed. The latter can be start
ed readily in pots or in a box in the
house, The various sorts vary good
deal in height and should be select
ed for the purpose in view. For
medium height semi-formal hedges,
or striking single specimens, kochia
(burning BUSH is a very attractive
light green during the summer, turn
ing to flaming red toward autumn
Most florists now carry pot-grown
plants for sale in the spring.
For semi-shaded positions there are
no flowers which give better salts
faction than the tuberous- rooted be-
gonias These too, are easily kept
over from year to year. increasing in
size and quality. And for sunny
positions, either in solid beds or
straight lines. the fibrous-rooted be-
gonias vie with geraniums and the
new lily-fiowcred cannas.
Nerbenas are to be chosen where
low-growing, spreading plants that
Will form a solid mass of color and
foliage, are wanted. They are among
the brightest and gayest of all flow
ers, and are a sheet of bloom right up
until the end of the season. The
Lemon verbena" is entirely distinct,
and not used for bedding, but a plant
or two should be set out in every gar
den for its delicious unparalleled
fragrance.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-06-20

The COW must be MIXED well if she
is to maintain good flow for a long
period. Irregularity of milking is the
greatest evil in this line on the gen.
eral farm. In the best diaries cows
are MIXED almost at the tick of the
clock at regular periods of the day.
If the COW Is MIXED late of mornings
and evenings in the summer, the pc
RODS will be irregular, because the
days are much longer than the nights.
If the co wis MIXED at six in the
morning she should be MIXED at six
in the evening.
As regards color. there are many
varieties of corn-white, yellow, red.
blue and black. There is also some
difference in the flavor of the differ
ent sorts, but, contrary to common
belief. these varieties are, on the
average, practically identical in com
position. and differ little in nutritive
value. White corn meal ~, as a rule.
milder in flavor than yellow. The
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-06-20

81. 1a-MscELLANEous AILMENTs or pouLrR1

Illumination may extend over the skin
OF other parts of the body, affecting
the general health and causing weak
ness, with, finally exhaustion and
death
When only the bare parts of the
head are affected, the disease may be
cured by applying tincture of iodine
to the diseased spots. Some recon-
mend an ointment of calomel, one
part; Vaseline, eight parts. Others
prefer a mixture of soft soap, twenty
parts; carbolic acid, one part, to be
well mixed and applied daily. An
ointment of red oxid of mercury, !
per cent. of carbolic or cresylic acid.
It is essential that the affected bird
should be separated from the flock,
put in dry, clean place, and given
good, nourishing food. If the feath-
cred parts of the body are affected.
1t is better to kill the bird, as the
treatment would be long and ex-
pensive and there would be danger
Of the disease spreading.
The disease should be prevented by
excluding all affected birds, by burn
ing the bodies of those which die or
are killed and by dsnfecting the
houses where diseased birds have
been.
Going Light Ioss of Weight).
"Going light" is a term applied to
fowls which persistently lose weight,
become emaciated, anemic, weak and
unproductive. Sometimes it is only
one or two birds that are so affected,
but frequently it is a large part of
the flock. Fowls "go light" from diff
ferent causes; sometimes it is the re-
gllf nf hniHD eoRara1r- ipfaufod Nit IA
lice and mites; at other times it is
due to intestinal worms, and at still
other times to chronic forms of infec-
ton with aspergillosis, coccidiosis,
tuberculosis or cholera. When, there
fore. the fowls are not thriving, and
when lifted appear to weigh little
more than should the feathers with
which they are covered an inVeSti-
cation should be made to determine
the cause. This should begin with
the food supply, and it should be as
certained whether the birds have
been receiving a sufficient quantity of
sound and nutritious food. Then the
birds and the houses should be care
fully examined for lice and mites.
Separate the feathers under the
wings, about the vent and over the
rump, and look carefully for these
parasites. Then examine the houses,
take out the roosts and examine these
carefully especially on the under
sides and at the ends; also the wood
work on which the roosts were sup
ported. If no defect is found in the
rations, and the birds and houses are
free from lice and mites, kill one of
the lightest birds and carefully open
the intestines for their entire length
to learn if the birds are harboring a
sufficient number of intestinal worms
to account for their condition. A few
worms would not have such a pernici-
Gus effect, but if there are many they
would certainly be partly and prob
ably would be entirely, responsible
for the cancellation. If the fowl is
found to have few, if any, parasitic
worms the cause of the trouble is
probably a chronic infection with one
of the microbes mentioned above.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-06-20

In the preceding articles we have
discussed the various contagious of
young and old poultry and now come
to what we may call miscellaneous
ailments. They are quite as impor-
tant to combat as most of those
described already.
tuberculosis is generally brought
into the poultry yard with fowls that
are purchased from infected flocks or
with eggs of diseased birds that are
obtained for the purpose of Matching.
If the disease exists in the neighbour
ing flocks the contagion may be car
ried by small birds or animals pass
ing from one yard to another. a Pc
culiarity of the tuberculosis of birds
is that the liver and intestines are
nearly always very severely affected,
and that as a consequence the bacilli
are very numerous in the intestinal
contents and are scattered with the
droppings everywhere that the fowls
go. The Introduction of a single dis
eased bird may, therefore, cause the
infection of the greater part of the
flock in a few weeks In the same
way, when wild birds contract the
disease, the bacilli are carried and de-
posted in all the yards which they
visit.
symptoms of Tuberculosis.
These are generally not observed in
the internal tuberculosis of fowls IN
til the disease has reached an ad-
vanced stage of development. They
begin with gradual loss of weight,
wasting of the muscles, paleness of
the comb, and toward the end dull
ness, sleepiness and diarrhoea. Very
SO
tubercular Inflammation of the joints
and of the sheaths of tendons, which
is revealed by lameness, swelling of
the joints and legs, and sometimes by
the formation of hard. external tu-
mors Of considerable size. Occasion
ally the skin over the swollen joints
breaks, the interior of the joint is III
cerated, and small quantity of puS
containing large numbers of tubercle
bacilli is discharged Swellings and
bony engagements of the joints wit
fowls are invariably suspicious, and
their nature should always be inVes-
tigated by killing the bird and exam
ming the liver and spleen to deter
mine if these have any whitish or vel
lowish spots on their surface, which.
when cut into, prove to be tubercular
masses.
There is no treatment that will cure
fowls which have been attacked with
tuberculosis. When the disease is
discovered the effort should be to
eradicate it at once by killing off the
whole flock and thoroughly disinfect-
ing all the houses and runs.
White Comb Is Contagious.
White comb, badness or favus of
fowls is a contagious disease that
begins bV the forma tion of white ar
grayish spots on the comb, ear lobes
or wattles. These spots are caused
by the growth of a fungus called
lophophyton gallipae, and they con-
tinue to enlarge, run together and
become more inflamed until all the
skin of the head and neck is much
thickened, roughened, covered with
crusts and more or less bare of
feathers. In extreme cases this in
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-06-20

The treatment of this condition will
obviously depend upon its cause. If
1t IS found TO be due TO insufficient
food or food of bad quality, a proper
ration must be provided. If il is due
TO lice and mites or to intestinal
worms these parasites must be com
bated by the measures elsewhere
enumerated. If Ii results from
chronic microbian infection, an effort
should be made to overcome this by
thorough cleaning and disinfection
of the houses, by feeding sour milk or
buttermilk with the ration, and by
giving an occasional purgative, such
as Epson salts or castor oil In any
event the food must be abundant, the
fowls must have plenty of exercise
and the houses must be kept in a dry
and sanitary condition
scsly Leg, Mango of the Leg.
This condition is caused by d mite
of another species from that which
causes mango of the body. It at
fects fowls. turkeys, pheasants and
cage birds. While usually it does not
affect the general health of the birds
1t gives them a very unsightly ap-
pearance, and is an indication of neg
leet and bad management on the part
of the owner. The disease occurs onlJ
by contagion from other birds; il
spreads very slowly, and many indi-
viduals escape 1t entirely. although
constantly exposed to IT.
Symptoms-The disease is easily
recognized by the enlargement OF the
feet ana legs and the rough appear
ance Of the surface, caused by the
loosening and raising OF the scales or
the legs and the upper surface of tho
feet. This parasite begins its attack
-, Ia Lee hOAs h. u
gradually spreads forward and up
,, ward until the whole of the foot and
shank becomes affected. The two
legs are usually attacked at the same
time and about to the same degree.
At first there is seen only slight
roughening of the surface, but the
continued irritation by the mite
causes the formation of a spongy OF
powdery substance beneath the scales,
which raises them more and more,
until they are nearly perpendicular
with the surface, and are easily de-
tatched. In the most severe cases the
joints become infiamed, the birds are
lame and scarcely able TO walk, a
joint or an entire toe may be lost. and
the birds, unable to search for food,
loose flesh and die from hunger and
exhaustion.
Treatment of ScaIy Leg.
Wash and brush the legs with soap
and warm water, removing the loose
scales that come off without causing
bleeding. Dry the legs and apply a
coating of balsam of Peru or an ONT
ment containing two per cent. OF
carbolic acid. a remedy highly rec
commended is made by mixing one
part of oil of caraway with five parts
of vaseline. When large numbers Of
fowls are to be treated some poultry
men make a mixture of one-half pint
kerosene and one pint raw linseed oil
in a quart can; take this to the poul-
try house. at night and dip both legs
of each affected bird into the mix.
ture, allowing them to drip into the
can for minute after removal, and
then replacing on the roost. The
feathers of the leg must not be wet
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-06-20

as this causes irritation and some
times burns the skin. The treatment
should be repeated in three OF four
days.
Crop Bound, Impacted Crop.
This Is an over-distended and para
iyzed condition of the crop. generally
caused By oYereaung or by swallow
ing coarse and indigestible sub.
stances. such as feathers. In cholera
the crop Is paralyzed as q result OF
the disease.
The first symptom is loss of appe-
lite or an effort Of the bird to swal-
low without being able to do so. The
crop is seen to be very large and
much distended with contents that
are more or less firmly packed to-
gether II permitted TO continue the
condition becomes aggravated, the
breathing difficult and death may re-
suit.
Treatment Of Crop-BouDd Birds.
The contents Of the crop may some
times be removed By forcing the bird
to swallow 4 teaspoonful or more of
sweet oil, then massa ging the lower
part Of the glllet, If It contains food,
or, If not, the part of the crop nearest
~ H-AS p AA4CNt until a pal VI the E0AA-
tents are softened and may be pressed
toward the head This is made easier
by. holding the bird head downward.
BY continued manipulation the great
er part Of the material may be re-
moved. The bird should not be per-
mitted to eat for several hours after
It is relieved.
I If this plan of treatment is not
successful the crop must be opened
with a sharp knife and the contents
removed through the opening, using
for this purpose a coffee spoon, a
button hook, small forceps, a bent
wire or other suitable instrument.
After this is done wash out the crop
with clean, warm water. The open
ing should not be over an inch in
length and should be closed with
three or four stitches. first in the wall
of the crop, and when this is M
.shed an equal number in the skin.
Each stitch should be made and tied
separately Coarse white silk is the
best material, but If it is not at hand
ordinary cotton thread may be used.
Feed on milk and a raw egg beaten
together for a day or two and grad
ually change to soft mash.
The condition known as climber
neck is in reality not a disease, but
is a symptom of several diseases,
which are characterized as paraly-
sis of the muscles of the neck, which
makes it impossible for the bird to
raise its head from the ground. This
condition is due to the absorption OF
poisons from the intestines, which act
upon the nervous system and cause
paralysis. It is generally associated
with indigestion or the eating OF
moldy grain or putrid meat or with
intestinal worms. The best treatment
is to give a full dose of purgative
medicine, that is, fifty or sixty grains
of Epson salts or three or four tea
spoonfuls of castor oil for a grown
fowl Often the birds will be cured
within twenty-four hours. and in case
they are not better within three or
four days it is not advisable to keep
them.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-06-20
THE. COUNTRY CALENDAR

preference for one sort or another is
a personal matter, and. seems 10 be
determined very largely by locality
White corn is generally preferred IN
the Southern States and in Rhode ISL
and. and yellow in the Northern
States as a whole.
Land with a thick grown Of trees
or bushes will not produce any forage
crops OF consequence, owing TO the
dense shade and the soil being fully
occupied with tree roots The woods
pasture for nutritious forage should
be thinned out. SO that the sun can
shine upon most of the ground az
some time OF the day.
Push the growing chicks through
June and July so that they will make
as much growth as possible. This Win
be well repaid later on.
Head back to about three feet Of
the voung blackberry canes ana also
the laterals as they grow.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-06-20

Total credits ................@S Sl.o1
In the account book the items for
"charges" will occupy the entire left
hand page, and those for credits
the entire right-hand page.
:, Now, suppose that on trip to town
: on June l one spends s1.40 for horse
shoeing, SO for fencing, S. for COW
feed. and receives a S65 check for $500
mounds of milk The entries are made
as follows: The account marked
s'horses'' is turned to, and on
the left-hand page is entered June
1-Shoeing, $40" The real estate
account is turned to and on the ie1t-
hand page is entered, June l-tenc-
ing bought, 49," The COWS" account
is turned to and on the left-hand page
is entered "June Cow feed bought
S." on the right hand page. under
this same account. is credited, June
milk, 6, 500 pounds, 500.
These entries are now complete
they will never have to be posted OF
entered again in any way. 1t Is
often advisable to keep a memoran-
dunn book in the pocket in which to
make notes when money is paid our
in town, so that the items will not
be forgotten before they can be en-
tered in the account book.
Whenever money is paid out the
farmer turns to the amount in the
book to which this money should be
charged and enters it on the left
hand page. Whenever money is re-
aeived the amount is credited to the
proper account by entering it ON the
right hand page under that heading.
These are the only entries made. The
amounts are charged or credited d.
rectly to the accounts to which they
belong.
TO find the account wanted is made
much easier by indeXing the books in
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-06-20

If you live out of town, you must
have a neighbor who leaves his gar
den tools wherever he last uses them.
Such practise ruins the tools
through rust; wastes time, for when
they are needed they cannot always
be found: and is extravaganza, for
oftentimes II means buying new tools.
Have a system about your garden
tools. as you have in your office in
the city. 1t is best to build small
tool-house, and have place for every
tool and keep each tool in its place.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-06-20
TAKE CARE OF YOUR TOOLS

Hammers, saws, ral1es and hose
should each have a rack or a special
corner or shelf in the dollhouse. Bent
nails or brackets will do for the small
tools, such as augers, trowels, scythes
and the like. Kept thus with care
and arranged Systematically, the
suburbanite may have his tools
where he can lay his hands on them
at once. whenever wanted. Rubbing
the steel occasionally with a cloth
dipped in kerosene oil will help keep
metal parts bright.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-06-20
Farm Cooperation.

Is there any way that farmers can
be induced to work together and COM
bine in selling their produce?
Pennington. r. 5. w.
Cooperation in the sale of farm
products is an excellent thing. In
the majority of cases where It has
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-06-20
ASK THE QUESTION Box
What You Want to Know About Gardening Poultry and Coun'
try Problems Answered by Experts.

This service nothing
il lem side
the to address, Initials only
in
Of the plant tsm and l'es II
Home Gar Evening
Newark, y j
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-06-20
Roses Not Rloominz a..

What is the cause OF roses not
blooming when the bushes look
healthy and are growing well?
Newark A. B. T.
In some cases roses on budded stock
become changed to the natural stock
through negligence in removing the
shoots which grow from the stock.
Such growth is very vigorous, otter
producing but few flowers. Excessive
feeding may also over-stimulate rose
bushes causing a rank growth at the
expense of Towering. Remove all
suckers from the stock as fast as they
appear and feed the plants judi
ciously.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-06-20

Are sheep an advantage to a farm,
or do they injure it by tramping?
Summit. p. S. II.
For centuries the sheep has been
known as the animal with the
golden hoof," and this would imply
that they are of decided advantage.
The injury by tramping is materially
less than with larger stock. They
are scavengers, and destroy many
noxious weeds. They require very
much less labor than cattle, and in
the hands of a man who is fond Of
them are exceedingly profitable.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-06-20
Air Chamber in Poultry House Walls.

In building a poultry house is 1t ad-
visable to have an air chamber IN
the walls? L. u. IL
Orange.
In building a poultry house in eX-
tremely cold localities it is well to
have an inner boarding with an air
chamber between the outside and in
side walls, and even better to fill
this space with straw or other bulky
material and leave the inside wall
rather open. Such a structure makes
an extremely warm building. But 1t
is unnecessary to go to this expense
and trouble when building in tenn
perate zone.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-06-20
Material for Gran. Arbor.

MAterlAI Tor UFape ATUoF'
Which is better for a grape arhor,
wood or wire? d. a.
Verona.
Stats are &c be preferred for a
home arbor; the wire will sag lit
tie. For a large vineyard the Stats
are too costly.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-06-20

Please tell me the trouble with my
peach trees. Specimen of the leaf and
twig is enclosed. S. I. B.
Summit.
The trouble is the peach leaf curl,
which should have been sprayed with
a lime-sulphur solution az we adj
vised several weeks age, before the
buds begin to open. These who fol-
lowed directions in regars to time of
spraying, thoroughness or apDllca-
ton, material, etc, have practically
none of the leaf curl. The only thing
to do now is to give the trees the
best possible chance for rapid re-
covery from the disease by keeping
the orchard cultivated until about
July 90 and then sowing a cover
crop to be plowed under next spring.
Quick acting fertilizers applied carly
in the spring or manure applied last
fall or during the winter would be
beneficial. Manure should not be
aDplied now
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-06-20


What shall I use TO kill and pre-
vent potato bugs? A. b. B.
Irvington.
If the potato bugs are large and
numerous and where immediate re-
suits are necessary use paris green.
One pound of paris green and one
pound of freshly-slacked quicklime
to fifty gallons of water will kill the
young potato bugs, but it often takes
two or three pounds for fifty gallons
of water or Bordeaux mixture to de-
stroy the full-grown bugs. The lime
tends to prevent burning of the
leaves by the paris green. Many
growers prefer to use arsenate of
lead at the rate of from three to FIVE
pounds To the barrel Of water or
Bordeaux mixture, since there is no
danger of burning the foliage with it.
Arsenate of lead also sticks better
and remains on the leaves longer
than paris green.