The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-03-01
Dr. Leonard Ayes Of Division Education the
Russell Sage Foundation.

stood to-day. and as Or. Ayres himself
has told you, means starting with the
boy or the girl. as the case may be. and
lifting each for the problems Of every
day life. Don't teach them rules that
may never be applied. nor terms they
may never use but lead them from the
beginning so that each days lesson may
have its practical value in the years 10
come, If you are gong to begin thus
early to steer the child must you rot
then know what are the basic requite-
ments of the calling selected? The
youthful powers must be adapted to
what might properly be called tn.
youthful needs of the craft.
How soon do think we can assert
vocationally the youthful student? NJ
proximately between 10 and IL years;
individuals Will naturally differ IN mo
sharpness with which their Inherent
bents are defined and accordingly 10
some extent the age at which they Wiz
do this.
I'm our manual training schools
think this has not always been fully
realized. and a good many mistakes
have been made that might have been
avoided had 1t not been the common
| think a great deal of money has been
wasted on this account by a needless
duplication of facilities
The boy carpenter and the boy ma
chinlst have both of them to know how
to use certain tools in common, and 70
kindred degree they can get the neces-
sary understanding that each needs OF
machinery up TO a point by studying
the same mechanisms. And yet in the
past these boys have been totally sepa-
rated during their training and the tools
and mechanical facilities used in Their
instruction have been duplicated IN
necessarily This Is an error In voCs
tional guidance which starts out witt
too much classification where broad
groupings would show closeness o.
primary requirements.
We are all striving toward the al,
mate goal of efficiency; that is, inteN
gent and well directed energy. and this
IN the way that to me ~ least seems
the shortest cut to success. In this
manner We can soonest group the
mental demands of every occupation
and with this knowledge in our posses
sion then we are better able to battle
with the rest of the problems Of voca-
tional guidance understandingly,"
DIR. Tough has done some very 81.
Restive work In the matter Of affaty8'ns
the fitness OF students In typowritirf
and stenography and certain pupils iN
New York high schools II0hit trrws-
ton constitutes the groundwork ~ r'.
investigations.
Each person IL given Il sh>~'t cunta =
ing twenty letters of the alphabet, ar
ranged without order, ten lines of these
and no two lines the same. Above THIS
is what DR.. lough calls the key, which
consists of those twenty lottors ar
ranged horizontally, each with 10
equivalent letter" beneath. These are
disposed quite nj random, and must ~
1emorized roughly by a sup-rtc a
'snce. and then begins the testing
AS each letter is called from the -.
neet the person examined must pae
meath 1t the proper equivalent t''d
the key, ana the time required .'
''h line is set down. Tho saH",'
n shortening OF the prriui - re
animation progresses. ana lron -
suits diagram ot ciici,nrN u u.
irmation Is plotted. This TESTING ~
for about twenty day, AND GROW
ginning record Of an aVtru:, oil,
'conds for the first line this ,..
@ cut down to eleven or tW, :" '
nd OF the investigation. IrnN
urve Of habit, or curve ~ lrrr..r-
.ough determines the capahmlr %
Individual
While habit forming T. Il pr't't
index OF the students ability ,r u.
writing, still II Is not quito 80 ..'.
sive when II comes 10 loAcltn@ Hl'N".
ply or taking mp the study ut
IA. ,i.. a.. a..