davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-08-23

In making the first exchange the stu
dent will see that white has so arranged
matters that both capturing pieces shall
remain upon the board. In the second
exchange only one capturing piece re-
mains on the board.
The result OF this Ia that by the hrst
exchange the move IL not changed: by
the second II Is. Were the move changed
In both cases white would gain It only
to lose II again, az white had not the
move when It was his turn TO play.
The following rule will be found useful
TO those who wish TO master the tactics
Of the exchange and II will prevent them
from making exchanges that 40 more
harm than good:
The capturing pieces OF both black and
white, and In both systems, must be hrst
added together. IF this number agrees
(in the matter OF being ODD or even) with
that Of the number Of captured pieces In
each system the move will not be
changed But n one number so found Is
odd and the other even the move will
be changed.
The term system" II may Be ex-
planned, refers TO the four vertical files on
the checker board with the same colored
squares at the bottom. One Is the white
system. the other is the black.
In order to show the application OF this
important rule In The solution OF difficult
positions let US TAKE tine DOsltlOn hitcr
white has moved 1928 In the foreeojng
solution. II 10 blacks play. and he must
leave the man on 10 TO be captured so
as to get one for him by capturing the
man on 20.
Following the vule and adding to-
eether the capturing pieces we find them
TO be two IN number. a white king and a
| black one, so the number Is even. This
agrees with the number OF pieces that will
4 ~ fhA MACK
which Is also even; therefore the move
will not be changed. In other words. af-
ter the two captures have been made,
black will still have the move. BY an
other exchange. white gains the move and
the game The rule that governs this
last exchange is that every single ex-
change of man for man changes the
| move.
Members OF THE SuS Checker Club will
| regret TO learn OF the death OF one OF Its
most energetic and popular members,
Judge James r. McCabe Of Haverstraw,
N. Y. Until within a week OF his death
he was engaged in arranging for meet
| ing OF his fellow members. TO be cele-
brated by a dinner and a series OF matches
across the board between holders of the
various colored cards In THE Sun
| Checker Club.
| Here IL . rather clever arrangement OF
| a popular idea which has been put to-
gethsr by member Of TIE Sur
| Checker Club. II will serve as . starter
for the series OF tests for those who as
plre to the next honor list
| Beginning with this problem. an VINO
solve ten straight problems will be en-
titled to white membership cards. indi-
| eating a clean score. Those VINO solve
nine will get red cards. and those who dc
not get more than eight will get blu.
cards. Those who miss three Of the serie,
will get green cards. Those who gel
white cards will. II they held white cards
before, get a star as experts.
PROBLEM NO. 2sl. CHECKERS.
BY John Welnan.
Black
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-08-23
$Tss
1SseA Y VxS
2I;- I'll $:ss
0A1
=.

Clubs are trumps and z 10 In the lead.
y and z have five tricks in sight, but the
contention is that z should have won all
siI.
made the nine and king, z dtscarding
a diamond. then led heart through
B. who put the king on the queen. z win
ming with the ace. trump lead from 2
with the idea OF forcing discards brought
hearts from all three players. so that the
situation was not cleared up In the least
When 2 put in with the heart was
free to discard diamond, making tho
last trick with spade.
Y would not have Jared any better had
he discarded the spade and kept the heart
because A would still have better heart
than Y. Neither would improve matters
by keeping his trump and returning the
heart at once because would then be
IN the lead with two losing cards and 2
cannot trump both.
The only correct play. and The solu-
don OF the problem, Is 20 lead tho trump
originally and get the discards first A
can afford TO part with a small heart,
but must give up the Jack. as will
be forced to discard a heart. II dis
cards a diamond. z makes two tricks In
that suit, and II he discards . spade
Y makes three
When B discards the heart nine. 2
leads the ace and drops the king. Y at
the same time giving UP the queen. %
that z shall be left in the lead with the
top heart. that card forcing the essen-
tial discard from B.
When z leads Tho eight Of hearts 7
can underpiay II with the trey. and B
must either establish the diamonds for
u or give up his protection In spades
II ne lets go the spade Y can win which,
ever spade puts on the four second
hand. and that settles II.
Although some thought otherwise no
other discard from Us hand will solve
the problem II let's go spade on
the first trick. b can also discard spades
and Y will find himself with a losing
heart at the end. II Y discards a small
heart, 70 as to make a trick with the
queen. b can discard the diamond on the
second round OF hearts, because 2 will
never get In again II has the heart
queen.
Here Is an interesting situation which
arose In Washington not long ago and
presents an instructive phase OF prob
lem solving, one which should be useful
at the card table. The original hand
that gave rise TO the situation was as
follows:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-08-23
HABITUAL LOSSES
AT ROYAL AUCTION
Many Whist Players Fail by
Not Analysing Causes
of Defeat.
EXPERIENCE BEST TUTOR
More Opportunities Overlooked
in the Bidding Than
in the Play.

Some philosopher. who should have
been a card player. has observed that to
many persons experience is like the stern
lights Of a ship and serves to Illuminate
only tho track that Is past. Another has
added to this the remark that experience
without observation Is the failure to no.
tice what hit you.
Both these epigrams are peculiarly APP
plioabie to the average player at the
bridge table. There are some persons
who never learn anything from experience
and simply recount their reverses as mis-
fortunes. There are others who lose rub
bar after rubber night after night. but
fail to make any analysis OF the cause
with view to avoiding 1t in future.
The frst principle OF bidding IL to ar
| rive at the position that will yield the
largest return, either by going game or
getting penalties. There Is no middle
course. II you cannot win the game. 20
save II and take a chance on getting some
penalties at the same time Is tho only
| alternative. Every time you let the other
side play the hand you are not only try
ing TO save the game but to set the con-
! tract IL you can.
| Probably the most striking ana also the
most common example of falling to pron'
by experience Ia the second hands hsbi,
OF overcalling the dealers no trumpers
with a suit. Whether this suit be a major
or minor one does not matter. Unles,
there are ten sure tricks In hearts OF
| royals or eleven In clubs or diamonds II
is usually a wasted opportunity to.bid 1t
The circumstances are invariably and
briefly these: The dealers bid all.
nounces that he can give valuable supper
to any good i've card suit OF hearts OF
spades that his partner may have to de
clare. IL his partners strength Is In .
minor suit the hand will be a good M
trumper. II is good for the contract, Il
not the game. in the majority of cases
| Milton Works statistics show that tn.
proportion OF no trumps that win a,
against those that lose on a one trick bic
Is as l64 to IL. or about 10 TO in II,
favor. This Is great odds
The dealers bid OF one no trump Ger
tainly does not mean that his hand ant
| his partners are not good for more thar
three tricks. II they are good for an
moro than that. there Is no chance to r.
game in hearts or royals or anything els
against them.
Tho game being highly improbable. I
not impossible, The alternative must ~
TO play for penalties. Pishers are Al
much out OF date as the tango Goo
players will not be pushed Any inter
mediate motive, such as 10 get a rev
points on the score. IL an element o
weakness IN a players game. but Il seem
to he a weakness that no amount of ex
perience can cure. probably owing to tn
! lack OF observation Of results
i Here In an example OF II In its mildes
form. AS hand was played by a man VIII,
holds the reputation OF being the bes
card player IN his home town:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-08-23
n the following algebraic equst,s4n
Palenville.

PALENvILLE, N Y, Aug. 23.-The most
important event OF the week at Palenville
was the entertainment on Tuesday eve
ming at Heisinger Hall for the beneft OF
the Village Improvement Society under
the direction of Mrs. william j. Com
ley, who has been spending tho summer
here.
The Hotel Catskill is entertaining
among its recent arrivals II. A. Heser
Il. w. Silyerman. ]. Renilery, j. A. Nc.
Donald, New York V. Thompson, North
port. N. Y; Miss Ellen Heser. Mrs. A.
Sprague. Miss Il. Eagen, ]. L. Henry
Mrs, E. Norris, Miss Norris, Mrs. N. Nor.
r!s. Brooklyn; Mrs, p, W. Daniels and
family, Richmond, Va
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-08-23

z dealt and took the usual chance on
a two suffer. calling no trump. He has
seven sure tricks and eight probable
II his partner can win a trick anywhere
IL Is game hand.
A bid two royals He also figures
that II his partner can win trick any
VIII, re Il Is a game hand. But II his
partner has that trick, what Is z bid
ding no trumps on?
A was left to play tho hand at royals
and made his nine tricks, but that was
all. led his short club suit and after
A had exhausted the trumps and got out
OF Rs way In the diamonds lie triad to
get b In with heart, but that would not
work.
Suppose A passes and Y takes z out
with two hearts7 2 will let II stand
Would then bid two royals. or play to
save the game at hearts? This was one
OF the interesting points. II A let's the
heart take out alone. leads the single
ton and A takes three rounds. b dis
carding two losing clubs
The next best thing seems to be three
rounds OF diamonds. forcing the queen
OF trumps from dummy. z then leads
the ace OF trumps and tries the clubs.
but B rufrs the second round Of that suit
and leads another diamond A would of
course put on his useless trump. which
would be the nine.
II Y overtrumps with the ten he makes
BIS king and eight both good for tricks
| 40 that tho take out contract to make
| two odd In hearts (Which would not be
necessary II A bids royals) goes down
| for $50 points
This would seem to indicate that A
missed a variety OF chances to score
penalties by his bidding two royals. Ir
| the first place he has the no trumper dead
TO rights for $50 II he let's II alone. II
| Y takes Y out with two hearts. that con.
tract also goes to the credit side of Al
account for $50. This is all given I'D 70,
the sake of 27 points in royals, with nc
hope OF ever going game In the face o.
| Us declaration.
II Is not easy to persuade the averag,
player that nothing short or game /,
worth playing for, unless Il Is to saw,
a game that is IN danger. Bidding Just
TO make couple of tricks. and justify
ing the declaration by the result. wher
there might have been 100 or 15O II
penalties to score, is not a winning sys
tenn. but some persons never learn b,
experience. probably because they d.
not observe closely enough what nigh,
have boon.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-08-23
Haines Falls.

HAyNDs FALLS, N. Y, Aug. s2,-Tns
change N plans of many persons who were
gotng 70 Europe for August and Septorp.
ber has made Haines Falls the nveliest
Of the Catskill Mountain resorts during
tho past week and the hotels and cottages
are going TO DO busier during the month
Of September than In former Xears.
Loxhurst was the soens OF very
pleasant dance last night Among the
late arrivals are A. B. Blake, Master
Hugh d. McCandless. Master John A
McCandiess. Mr.. and Mrs. T. Mccand-
less. Theodore b. Crystal. Charles
Bssig. Miss Minerva Caswell. New YORK
Miss Sarah E. O'Hara- Miss Florence j.
Fries. Mrs. J. Fries, Bernard J. McAfse
Mrs. C. B. Mayer. Mrs. ]. l.. Killington'
Herman J. Barteld, Peter A. Bar'eA
Brooklyn; Miss Claire Gordon, II.
Young, Miss Mary A Goodwin and MIS-
J. A. Goodwin. ar.. OF White Plains
Renner's Hotel has registered among
its late arrivals w. Doockler. G
walbaum. L. Cammack, ]. c. Carey
s. Harper. X. Kerry. New YORK,
J. scibilia, Thomas II. Hennessy' J. -
Haggerty. Brooklyn; George A. Woo.
ruff. Miss Mabel woodrufr and MES
]. Estelle Woodruff.
The Rockland Farm is entertaining
Mrs. L. McCord,. Miss Pearl Mccord' NJ
and Mrs. j. F. Donohue. Miss Alma n.
Graf. Miss Louise Dienemann, New fo'.'
Miss Sarah A. Long. MSS HarHet l.
Shaw. Miss Florence ], Shaw. Joseph D.
Shaw, Mr.. and Mrs. A. Littman, ME-
James q. Gourlay Miss A. Goutlay'
NJ. Naughton, Miss Adelaide r hihs,
Mr.. and Mrs. Robert y. Alderman anu
family. Mr.. and Mrs John Nose SooA'
Ign; John Clausen. Jersey City, n j
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-08-23
O1o SO
800 3
oXJ6S
90
XAso 1865
A al . 9 10 ? 2
0 10 "a
Hs76
UKJ7
"a s3
oAQ
40 8 e

z dealt and bid no trump. A over
called with two royals, which Y passed, as
he could not stop the spades and had no
suit OF his own worth showing Il also
passed, and OF course dropped his no
trumper and let A play, Il at two royals
What has A gained by his bid? He has
four certain tricks In his hand. and oven
II he IL unlucky enough 90 md his spade
suit stopped. he should make the tenace
In hearts. unless the dealer Is bidding on
two suits Saving the game against tho
no trumper is almost q certainty. with
aces easy.
On the other hand. what chance 10 there
10 win the game at royals7 As hand Is
good for seven tricks at the outside. II
his partner - strong enough to win the
three more that are necessary to 90 game.
what kind of q hand has the dealer7
On the play led the trump. that being
probably the best way to get his partner
suits led up TO. A won tho trick. and hav-
Ing no plain suit to play for he let the
trumps alone and led the club, finessinE the
tan. 2 won the trick and made his ace
and queen Of diamonds, hoping for a
run. overlook the queen with the
king and led the Jack.
The moment the jack OF diamonds held
the game was saved and felt FREQ to go
ahead with fourth round on which n
overtrumped BIS nine with the ten OF
spades. The eight OF trumps then threw
into the lead and cleaned up dummy
This line OF play brought AS hand down
TO three trumps and three hearts, and
there was no way In which he could avoid
losing two heart tricks. so that instead OF
making his contract he was set for 100
points. less simple honors.
HAD he let the no trumper alone no one
would have disturbed It and A would
have run Off five spade tricks at the
start. This would have made the game
safe before losing the lead. There would
then be no hurry about saving the ace
OF hearts and A could safely lead a
| club. his partner having discarded from
both the. red suits.
The ten OF clubs would force the king
from n. who would lead the diamonds.
overtaking with the king and leading the
| Jack. As the suit would not clear the
play would be to come through y with
the Jack OF clubs making ace and nine,
but 2 must lose two heart tricks at the
end or let make the rine OF diamonds
and the ace of hearts.
This would have set the no trumper
with aces easy making Il difference OF 1872
points on the score, This is not much
the critical may say. but II Is the con.
slant repetition of this loss that shows
how the lesson of experience IL wasted
No one can AFFORD to overcall no trumpers
at Il cost of a hundred and odd point.
when there is no hope OF going game
Sometimes the loss In much more thar
| 100 points owing to various contingencie,
that are shut out by the inJudicious bid
Take this case, which has "A variety o.
rather interesting possibilities, all lost b,
bad bidding second hand.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-08-23
Windharn.

wrNpHAM, n, Y, Aug. H.-Wlnora,s
continues 10 attract summer visitors 10
large numbers and there have been any
number OF pleasant affairs here for 'ne'
entertainment, ,,,
The Pinas has been the most popula.
placs at wlndham both with the 'ou"se'
set and those here for quiet Niea'un,
Bowling contests, baseball games p.cnSS
parties and automobile trips have prove.
unusually pleasant Late arrN lls Nv
the Pines include NJ, Barter y bArW,'
Miss Bessie Barter. Miss Bertha G. fapudi
Mr.. and Mrs. Charles Perr!ne' MI slN
Mrs. Francis Taylor. Miss Marian Iayi",
Miss Title v. Millady Miss Cathern,'
Peters, Mr.. and Mrs. stephen Cor,e.s
Mr.. and Mrs. George w Swenson ~
dore Freeman, Mrs Albert Cornw~-
Harry Cornwall and Miss NJ Heclt
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-08-23
PAWN OPENING.

q oKGo, followsd BY Rn-k s or 9n nm m with
better. Moving the leaves his Q's side weak.
(b) Blacks was worth more than whites IN
this position and II WAS therefore injudfcious 70
offer tho exchange. The alternative was TO re-
treat the 70 fts original square. Black was
but Il would have been the lesser Of the two
evils.
white therefore moves IL instead Of tho OR u
Oh. That his judgment was correct will be seen
"a II 20. RIB: II. R1BP and n 10 RIB
u. KOS, stiil winning the BP.
to- II will now bc seen why II was better V
place tho KR on OBJ.
% A we'll played game BY Tarrasch. but Her
Carts. who Is q very nne player. was evidently
not IN his usual form,
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-08-23

q Chicaso Bach OF these players made
q score OF IL to Z. There were nineteen
contestants. The other prize winners
were w. L. Norman. Lynchburg, Va,
NTH; J. 8. Morrison. Toronto sixth; w
N. Woodbury.. Roanoke, Va, seventh ;
j. T. Bsci<ne-. winchester, KY sighth
II was arranged that the four leaders
>should play an additional tournament
of two rounds among themselves. At the
business meeting II was decided to hold
the next meeting at Minneapolis. and
n p. Elliott Of that city was elected
president Of the association for the en-
suing year.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-08-23
GAYETY IN CATSKILL
MOUNTAIN RESORTS

Otis SUMMIT. N. T.. Aug. 22.-Pleas-
ant weather has continued at the CatskSl
Mountain House. which has been taxed
20 its capacity for the past three weeks
II has been hvelier here than in former
years and the social affairs have taken on
added interest because OF the number OF
young men who are spending August va
cations here.
Among tho late arrivals are Mrs. ],
0uittman. Leo q. Liebmann Mr.. and
Mrs. e. S. Keller. Mr.. and Mrs. J How
ard. !. Elkus. e. NJ. Heymann Mr. and
Mrs. II. w. Gordon. w. r. Gordon, Mrs
X. Snyder. II. NJ. Snyder Mr.. and Mrs
Sigmund Calm. j. ]. Oestreicher Walter
Llndner, Mrs. Walter S. Redelsheimsr,
Henry Rosenberg. Mr.. and Mrs. l. Grey
head Louis J. Radt. Il. Bittener. Isaac
Goodman. !. s. Plaut L. X. Bennett, WI.
bur Blume. Mr.. and Mrs, g. Simons, Wal.
ter p. Taus!ck, A. Sauhami. Stanley L.
OTIS Afr. and Mrs. James Rosenzweis,
Mr.. and Mrs w. w. Rosenfuld, L. W.
Oppenhe!m. Mrs. N. Kre!sman. Mrs NJ
Kleinberger. Miss Daisy Freudenhem,
Mr.. aHd Mrs. I. Conn. Mr.. and Mrs
Samuel Finkelstein., Mr., and Mrs. l. W.
Lapidus. Miss Laphus. Herbert Strauss
Mrs. s. Strauss. Joseph Fix. New York
J. H. Kaufman, Brooklyn.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-08-23

"a, This IL probably quito sound. but seldom
played, Kt-K2 being generally preferred,
(o) 10. .P-B3 Is recommended In the boom.
D Is no longer well posted at oKto. and therefore
should not BE- disturbed.
le) IL would have been better 20 avoid this
advance II possible, on II blocks the Be-.
(d B-Kh3 would have saved time:
(e) The alternative was P-KP<. followed II
-. PIP by IS, PIP. but the text move was safer
% II ~. PAP. R--o5. pnning the d and win
ming back the with the better game.
"a, Wisely playing for n draw. II 40. Poo
90. R--R7, Q-Kt 81. P--Kt 7, POI: 81. queens
p queens; Is. RIP Oh, OR; "a. oyR mate or 81 -.
R-QKt: -. R-Rs. RxR: s. oxP Oh and wins.
II 90 .R-K: 60. R-R1. R--k2: =. Q-Ro, K--Kt
a. P-Kt7 and wins. The latter part Of tho game
ia full Of interest and q good example Of the at
taching style of both these fno players.
PRoBu.EM 10. Iss. By J. MoILLpR
Black pieces
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-08-23
THAT BUSINESS crPHn.

THAT susrNBss cTPHn.
Two weeks ago an example was gwen
Of q cipher which had been in use In .
prominent business house In New York
and whioh had the great advantage that
It could b readily translated from the
original into the code In this particular
II was different from almost all other
ciphers. Hero 10 the specimen given:
DIS 20 NH YJR MOMYJ
Several solvers arrived at tho correct
conclusion that the last word was ninth
ana tho word preceding II ''the.- TIKI
fixed the letters 1. 1 and n in the first
word, but there they stuck. not being
able TO ind any certain values for the
letters d. 8, Fl and tho COLON
They made all kinds OF guesses. The
word wanted might have been mailing.
failing. raising. sailing. bailins. raidins,
arising, or any one OF several such COM
blnations. One suggested that the colon
might be a Joker. with double meaning
II II was an alternative sign for T, In
Interchangeable with Y, the message might
be writing the ninth"
None OF them answered the specific
question, what Is tho key that enables
the cipher 20 be readily used? Tho so.
luton Is simplicity itself. Every one
knows that the expert typist writes by
touch and not by sight and that after the
fingers have once taken their correct
positions on the keys they find their way
20 all other keys without looking At the
keyboard.
Tho message to be sesr IN code 10 writ
ten by plao ne the fingers one letter toe
far to the right at the start and then
writing straight ahead by touch alone
AS II the message were In plain English
and the fingers were on the proper keys
The message contained In the example
given above 10:
SAILING THE NINTH.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-08-23
ing how 70 manage exchanges

ers knowing how 70 manage exchanges
In such a manner as to change the move
or not to change It, which IL n part OF
the game that very few beginners know
anything about, but which Is essential
In the solution Of many beautiful prob
lens.
Tho distribution Of tfie pieces Is as
follows: Black men on IL. 81 and %
White man on 80, kings on and 20.
White to play and win. As already
pointed out when the problem was pub
lished. white must make two exchanges
and still gain the move. Here is the
nj haf saIuea
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-08-23
PROBLEMS FOR "SUN"
READERS TO SOLVE
Puzzling Situations That Arise
in Actual Play at
Bridge.
EXCHANGES AT CHECKERS
Use Of the Typewriter in the
Cipher Code Of a Firm
in New York.

Bridge probler, No. 2ss. by Ernest
Bergholt OF London was arranged TO IL
lustrate a situation that arose In actual
play 1t Is hardly necessary to say that
the whole six tricks were not taken by
the player who held rs cards. the prob
lem being probably too deep for him at
the time Here is the distribution
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-08-23
FOUR KNIGHTS GAME.

(o) II was not advisable 10 now the b from the
dia eonai II occupied and ttus allow tho adverse
Kt to enter B5.
to) Overlooking whites powerful play.
(e) The winning move. as Black can neither
move his Kt nor defend II because OF PAP.
IN Black had no satisfactory answer. If "a.
Ok with tho view Of defending the with the
q; 2b. RxR KxR; -. Q-KU ch K-R. r. Q-RS
and wins: or 20 .K-B "a. On mate.
(e) A pretty nnish.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-08-23

WhNO-H pI6Co0,
White to play and win.
SOLUTION TO PROBLEM NO lss.
!. 9-Kkt. RIKt; =. %sk 81. Ao,
!; Xxx P-ss: !: kt.Bs oh: &C.
James Roberts Philadelphia Pa: c. Mate,
East Orange. N. j.: Prof. N. L. Perry, Brook
iyn,, N. u Charles w'l''ns. Atlantic City.
Additional correct solvsions received to
Nos. ass and ts7 from Prof. n. L. Perry,
ner New York city to No, %s7 from j. W
Johnson, .sew York city; 20 No, ts4 from
w. D. L. r., New York city; to end game
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-08-23
| : : : y: :. .....'.

White.
white 10 play ana win.
Tho distribution OF tho pieces IL {:
Black men on 1, 2 and IS. k!nss ON 80
and so. White mon on 0, 10 and IL.
kings on 8 and II.