Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1914-05-01

that the surface drainage from all possible
sources of contamination is away from the we'll.
If local conditions and prices will permit, 1t Is
good idea to provide impervious floors with
water-tight drains for farm buildings and stock
pens Under the same conditions concrete ma
nure pits might well be provided to not only
prevent the liquid manure from polluting the
neighboring soil, but to save the manure. NO
garbage manure or rubbish should be dumped
into sinks or basins in the immediate neighbor-
hood, and these should be fenced off and kept
free from polluting matter.
The house should be provided with some safe
method of sewage disposal, while slops and gar
bage from the kitchen should be deposited in
tightly covered garbage cans and disposed OF by
burying in the fields, burning or feeding to pigs.
The use of privy vaults and teaching or overflow
ing cesspools should be absolutely avoided, since
they are likely to be sources of the worst con-
tamnation. The farmer should become acqua1nt-
ed with the various types of wells and the best
methods Of protection, and the well should be
SO protected as to exclude filth from those
sources of contamination which it has been i'm
possible to remove or that have been overlooked.
In the selection, location and sinking OF
well it is always a good idea to consider perma-
1nence in addition to safety The we'll should
penetrate to levels below that of the ground
water surface in the driest seasons.
Unpolluted springs are as rule good sources
of water supply, since the water usually comes
from great depths within the rOck or is HlLereO
through many layers of sand and gravel. How
ever springs are subject to pollution from the
same source as wells and should be closely
watched in this respect. Farm spring supplies
are often polluted by the drainage from buildings
and stock pens. Spring water supplies from
limestone are also subject to pollution from dis
tant garbage and sewage dumps in sink holes.
The same precautions should be taken for safe
guarding spring supplies as in the case OF wells,
and in addition the spring should always be
fenced to keep out stock. Spring supplies should
be frequently examined for pollution Of any kind,
and the water should be boiled before drinking.
If possible although this is not absolutely neces-
sary in all cases.
The department Of agriculture's rural engineer
shows that the quantity of water which can be
provided will depend on the power used the
amount needed on whether the service Is for the
entire farm or for the house only
Hand-operated systems are applicable Wnere
small quantities are required for house service
only. but in case water is wanted for stock also
the use of a windmill engine, electric motor, or
hydraulic ram is necessary. If windmill Is used
the storage should be large enough for at least
three days' supply, to provide water In case OF
calm weather Where the other sources of'poWer
are used the storage capacity need not exceed
one davis supply. The following table gives ap-
proximate quantities Of water required per day:
Gallons
Each member Of the family for ali pur-
poses will require .zO-ao
Each COW will require. e
Each horse viii require. -. IL
Each hog will require. .'..s- 8 e
Each sheep viii require -.
The water consumption viii vary e pm daS- %
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