davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Emmett index. [volume] (Emmett, Idaho) 1893-1925, 1914-12-10

Kelly and Clint Jones, visited the
school all of Thursday afternoon, OBJ
served the new system of writing IN
troduced by the teacher, Miss Pear
Kelly, and accepted it. They also de-
cided to purchase an organ for the
school. The Slope residents are
nroud of their school and their pro-
gressive trustees. The building has
been remodeled inside and is credit
10 the patrons, who take cuch an IN
terest in the welfare of the children.
The Emmett index. [volume] (Emmett, Idaho) 1893-1925, 1914-12-10

they were royalty entertained by a
friend of Mrs. Randall, they obtained
possession of their new home. They
think they will like the new location.
Both young men have obtained posi-
tions.
A. E. Pomeroy was the guest of j.
w. Andrews at the east Clinton
ranch on Tuesday. While there he
inspected the ensilage.
Frederick Pomeroy, aged 8 years,
has closed the season with a gopher
trapping record of 408.
The Emmett index. [volume] (Emmett, Idaho) 1893-1925, 1914-12-10
NEWS OF TWO COUNTIES
BY The Index's Correspondents.
the week with Mrs. Teerink.

the week with Mrs. Teerink.
Mrs. Payne is taking care Of Mrs
B. L. Limbaugh, who has been i'll, bu
is improving at this writing.
The boys of the Central Mesa schoo
are selling tickets for the four-num
Der lyceum course to be given at the
schoohouse this winter. We hope ev'
eryone will attend, as this will be Of
great benefit to our school.
Miss Katheryn Payne, Darwin Beers
and John Burdell spent Sunday after
noon visiting Miss Flora and Eliza
Limbaugh.
Sunday school next Sunday at usu-
al time, with preaching at 3 o'clock
by Rev. A. C. Lathrop.
The Emmett index. [volume] (Emmett, Idaho) 1893-1925, 1914-12-10
Idaho Students Win

The Idaho Agricultural college stud
ents Tuesday captured majority of
the ribbon honors at the Pacific Inter
national Livestock exposition, now on
in Portland The Idaho students won
six first, three seconds, and won the
grand championship for the best steer
at the show. Oregon, California and
Washington took other honors in
order, c. S. Cassidy of Gazelle, CAL,
winning several prizes.
The Emmett index. [volume] (Emmett, Idaho) 1893-1925, 1914-12-10
Turkey Pickers Strike

There. is a strike on among the tur-
key pickers, on account of reduction
in pay. Ten cents head has been
paid up to this time, but this was re-
duced to 8 cents this morning and q
strike was called.
The Emmett index. [volume] (Emmett, Idaho) 1893-1925, 1914-12-10
LINCOLN NOTES.
By Miss Alice Rynearson,

Price Bane was visiting at the West
ranch Wednesday.
The John Hall family spent Sunday
at the C. T. Moulton ranch.
James Wilson, = butte rancher,
The Emmett index. [volume] (Emmett, Idaho) 1893-1925, 1914-12-10
For Sale.

About four loads of wood, cement
house by 16, and water tank, will be
sold at auction to the highest bidder
Saturday, December II, at 10 o'clock,
IN the Canyon canal at Haw creek.
H. HAYLOR, Secretary.
The Emmett index. [volume] (Emmett, Idaho) 1893-1925, 1914-12-10
BIssEL CREEK
BY Mrs. W. J. Van Limbaugh.

Mrs. A. T. Hankins is introducing
new washing powder in this neigh
borhood and is finding a ready sale
for the same.
The Craig brothers have improved
their ranch with new fence,
The Emmett index. [volume] (Emmett, Idaho) 1893-1925, 1914-12-10

First class potatoes $1.00 per hum
dred pounds at the Emmett Fruit
Growers Association.
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1914-03-25
MOTOR CAR KILLS
PRtNGLE YOUMANS
Richland Legislator Knocked Down
in Street. CIassmnte Of Wilson.

Columbia, March 22.-Pringlc r.
fOumans Of the Columbia bar, mem
bcr OF the Richland county delegation
in tho lower house OF the general as
scmbly, was fatally injured about the
head last night at about 7:20 o'clock,
when he was knocked down at Main
and Washington streets by an auto
mobile driven by Harry l.. Davis own
CT Of the Columbia garage Mr.. You
mans died fcw minutes later in Me-
GrcEors drug store, to which he was
conveyed in the car which had struck
hin. An inIucSt into the circumStanc-
cS OF Mr.. foUm2ns' death will be hold
by Coroner Scott this morning at II,
O'Clock at tho Mccormick undertake
ing establishment on Hampton street.
Mr.. Youmans was 55 years OF age. He
was married only three weeks ago, in
Augusta, to Mrs. May Bronson OF Co
lumbia. Funeral services will he held
this afternoon at 5 O'Clock in Trinity
church.
Mr. Davis gave himself UP immc-
diately to T. A. Hcisc, deputy sheriff
who took him to police Headquarters.
There he spent the night. He had a
talk during the evening with his at
torney, r. II. Wclch Mr.. Davis was
formerly chauffeur In the police de-
partmcnt.-The State.
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1914-03-25
WATTS TAKES HAT
OUT OF THE RING

VIII not be in the Race for Supervisor
this Summer. Abercrombie to Run.
Mr.. John d. w. Watts, who some
time ago announced that he would be
In the race for county supervisor, an
nounced definitely yesterday that he
had withdrawn from the race. For
his reason, he stated that the United
States department of agriculture had
made him ii flatterin1 offer to Join it's
forces in this state and that he had
decided to accept it. Besides the at
traction Of larger salary, Mr.. Watts
stated that he felt that he could be
Of vaster more benefit to his county
and state in the position he expects
to accept than he could as supervisor.
He said he wished to thank the num-
crous friends who had offered their
support.
With the announcement from Mr..
Watts that he would not be in the
race comes the definite announcement
from Mr.. Austin Abercrombic, pres
ent county commissioner, that he will
be in the race. Mr.. Abercrombie au-
thorized this statement several days
ago. MIR. Humbert has already made
known his intention or Offering again
for reelection and SO will be in the
race, as will B. r. Todd and Geo. c.
Hopkins. No other candidates have
as yet announced themselves for this
place.
1t Is understood that all the present
Office holders in the court house whose
terms expire intend to offer for re-
election. No opposition has yet de-
veloped to any Of them, except for the
Office of supervisor as above stated.
The terms Of the supervisor, auditor,
treasurer, Judge Of probate and su-
perintendcnt Of education, besides the
county commissioners expire this
year. The terms of the members OF
the lower house in the legislature al
so expire. w. G.. Irby, Jr., will not
be candidate again, but will offer
for governor. 1t is understood that
Mcssrs. Blackwell and Browning will
run again. No other Legislative can
didates have yet made known any in
tcntion of running. The senator, Mr..
Goodwin, holds over for two more
years.
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1914-03-25

o NV ~ p'''i
I'M,
"' " .'c ''"'.
.c,a.,.,l ~ ,o'','''''' ~ ''o .>o"' ''i'o
..,., ','o' o''''''t
;,n,,n, ~ So
~ "'.'""l o'''
ma, ''",' ''".n
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1914-03-25
HOnOred in England.

DR.. G.. w, Cunningham. who holds
the chair OF philosophy in Middlebury
College, Vermont, has been extended a
cordial invitation by Lord Haldane to
visit him at Musdor Castle when he
visits England. His Excellency, who is
also the High Lord Chancellor OF
England has recently read Dr.. Cum
ningham's book Thoughts and Reality
OF Hegel's System" and was so pleas
cd with it that he wrote the author
II EXPRESSED desire to meet
him. Lord Haldane Is one Of the
leading scholars of England. DIR. and
Mrs. Cunningham will soon go abroad
for years stay and while there DR..
Cunningham will take post graduate
work at the leading university in Ber-
lin
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1914-03-25
STORES TO CLOSE EARLIER.
Merchants Decide to Close Places OF
Business Earlier After Next Monday.


Business Earlier After Next Monday.
A good many Of tho Laurens stores
have signed petition to begin early
closing little sooner this year than
usual. Beginning next Monday, the
30th of March, they will close their
places OF business at 6:3O. This hour
of closing will prevail until May lst,
after which they will close at 600
o'clock until Sept. 1st. The following
petition, which was not presented to
all the stores, was handed around and
signed:
eve the undersigned merchants of
Laurcns agree to. close our stores at
6:30 y. m. from Monday March 30th
to May 1st, 1914, and to close at 600
p. m. from May 1st to Sept 1st. We al
so agree to close at 10 o'clock on Sat-
urday nights.
"Clardy & Wilson, Switzer Co., Min
ter Co., II. Terry, w. c. Wilson Co..
Red Hot Racket, Davis Roper Co., ".
Solomon, Fleming Bros. Moseley & Ro-
land, s, NJ, & e. II. Wilkes & Co., j.
G. Burns & Co., Laurens Hardware Co.,
Brooks Hardware Co., r. w. Willis,
Eeverctt Furniture Co."
1t Is hoped that the customers OF
the above stores will make 1t point
to do their trading in plenty Of time
to get through before the closing hour.
In this way better service can be got
ten and the clerks can get out and en-
Joy the short afternoon holiday.
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1914-03-25
LAURfNS COUNTY WINS TROPHY CUP
AT SPARTANBURG TEACHERS MEETING
Spartanburg, Being the Host Gracefully Withdrew from
Contest in Difference 10 Visiting teachers.

Lahrens county carried off the hon
ers at the meeting Of the state teach
ers association in Spartanburg last
week by winning the trophy cup Off
cred to the county with The largest
percentage Of its teachers in attend
aucc. Spartanburg county withdrew
from the contest out Of courtesy to
the visiting teachers, not wishing to
take advantage Of the other counties.
The trophy w0s presented to the Lau-
fens teachers by Prof. II. G.. Burts, Of
Grccnvillc. superintendent of Educa-
tion j. II. Sullivan accepted the trophy
In behalf or the Laurens teachers.
Miss VII Lou Gray and Supt. B. L..
Jones, being called upon by the chair
man OF the meeting, also made few
remarks appropriate to the occasion.
There were fifty seven Laurcns coun-
ty teachers in attendapce, including
Mr.. Sullivan and Miss Gray, this being
eorty per cent of the total membership
in the associations from this county
The trophy is a very handsome sill
Yer cup. 1t is now In SpartanDurg be-
ing engraved by the. dealer who sold
1t. In a few days - will be expressed
TO Laurens and placed on exhibition
in some store window OF the city.
Besides the honor of winning the
trophy cup, this county was also hon.
ered in the election Of officers for the
ensuing year, Miss VIII Lou Gray be-
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1914-03-25
TOMATO CLUB ORGANIZER.
Miss Jayne Conway Darlington, Teach.
er of the Rock Bridge School, Elect.
ed to do this Work,

NNo>'AN
ed to do this Work.
Miss Jayne Conway Darlington. who
has been teaching the Rock Bridge
school near Clinton this year, has been
named as tomato club organizer for
this county. The appropriation for
this work was made at the last session
OF the legislature, an item Of $3.50 hay
Ing been included in the supply bill.
Miss Darlington will begin her work at
once. She has interested herself to
large extent in Improvement work In
the schools and is we'll fitted to meet
the requirements Of the office.
This week Miss Darlington will 20 60
Rock Hill to attend a meeting OF the
club organizers from different sections
OF the state and there she will famil-
iarize herself more closely with her
work. Next week she will begin her
campaign in the county, the follow
ang program having been mapped out:
Monday morning she will visit
Woodrow Wilson, Barksdale and Trim
ity-Ridge schools.
/ Monday night she will visit the
Hickory Tavern school with Miss Gray.
The patrons of neighboring schools
are expected to meet with the Trinity
Ridge patrons
Tuesday morning she will be at
Brewerton school. On the Same af-
ternoon she and Miss Gray will be at
the Poplar Springs school, where Miss
Gray will give lantern slide lecture
on Yellowstone Park. Patrons from
both Mt. Bethel and Brewerton are In
vited to be present on that occasion
Tuesday night Miss Gray will show
the slides at Princeton and Miss Gray
will make talk.
Thursday Miss Darlington will be at
New Prospect and Lisbon.
On Saturday and following Satur-
days she will be in the superintend-
ent's Office at Laurens.
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1914-03-25
TRAYNHAM GUARDS
INSPECTED MONDAY

Adjutnnt General and Army Officer
Makes Annual Inspection of LOcH
Company. The Best SO Far In.
spectcd.
Company of the First Regiment
OF National Guard. known as Trayn-
ham Guards, went through their an
nual inspection last Monday. They
were inspected by Adiutant General
Moore and Capt. Mcacham, an army
officer, specially detailed for this work
According to their statements ate,
the inspection the local company is
the best in all departments that they
have SO far visited.
Capt. Bcacham was particularly
pleased with the property showing OF
the company, saying that it was ar
ranged cNcellently and exccllently
kept He was also enthusiastic in
his praise Of the companys drilling
calling special attention to the fine
work OF the corporals. Gen. Moore
was equally strong in his praise of
the company and stated that this
company is undoubtedly the best
that Laurcns has ever had. He stat
cd that OF the 13 companies already
inspected, this one was the only one
with a percentage Of 100 for attend
ancc.
The officers Of the company are as
follows: Captain, w. r. Richcy, Jr.;
First Lieut., d. r. Simpson; Second
Lieut., Joe Smith; Quartermaster
Lieut., attached ]. N. Richardson;
First Sergeant, Ben Sullivan, Jr., Ser
geants, Judge Eichclbcrger, James
Davenport, William Switzor, Hugh
EichelAerger; Corporals Will Wealth
ers, Frank Russ. Clarence Cannon, w.
r. Chancy, Marshall Moore, James
Lewis.
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1914-03-25
Charged With Burning Crib.

Deputy Sheriff Reid and Rural Po-
liceman Sullivan arrested Foster
Hunter colored, several days ago and
lodged him in the county jail to await
trial on the charge of burning corn
crib near Parks station belonging to
Amos Barksdalc, another negro The
evidence on the negro is said to be
largely circumstantial.
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1914-03-25
OratOrical Contest.

There will be preliminary oratori-
cal contest at Lanford Station in the
school auditorium on the evening OF
March 81, 1914 at o'clock. The fol-
lowing young gentlemen are the de-
claimers: Samuel Drummond, subject,
"Treason of Benedict Arnold; Yates
Waldrep, Path OF History; Fred
Cox, "Wolfe at Quebec; Louis Lam
lord, "Eulogy on s. c.; James Flen-
iag, Chariot Race of Ben Hurr."
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1914-03-25
ASSESSING BOARD MEETS.
Session Yesterday and Another Ses.
sion Today. Property being Re.

assessed.
The board of township assessors
met in the county court house yester-
day to hear the report Of the rcspec-
tive township assessors and to con-
duct other business that might arise.
On account OF much detail work, the
board was unable to finish it's work
yesterday and VII meet again today.
Chairman Watts stated yesterday af-
ternoon that the returns this year had
been the most satisfactory since he
has been on the board, his service
dating back for twenty two years. 1t
was found necessary to raise the as
sessments in some cases, he said but
very few and no violent complaints
had been made. The board, he said,
has endeavored this year to equalizc
the tax burden in the county and the
conditions have been greatly improved
in this respect.
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1914-03-25
Large Glass of Woodmen.

Messrs. r. A. Cooper and G.. A.
Power went to Fountain Inn Monday
Blue Ridge lodge, Woodmen OF tho
World. Thirty candidates were in
itiated into the order and an other
wise pleasant meeting was enjoyed
Both Mr.. Cooper and Mr.. Power made
short talks following the initiation
ceremonies. "a
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1914-03-25
Recent Ford Purchasers.

Summer Brothers, Of Newberry,
have sold number OF autos in this
county during the past few weeks.
Among the buyers are G. II. Blakeley,
Ora, and l.. n. Wilson, Of Gray Court,
roadsters; J. B. 0wnigs, w. II. Owings,
p. II. Moore, p. r. Abercrombie, Gray
Court, touring cars: MIR. Dusenbury,
Iaurens, roadster.
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1914-03-25
Bramletts Church.
years.

The public Is cordially invited to at
tend Defamation Contest at Bran
let's Church.. Saturday morning
March zSth, at 1890 o'clock. 1t will
be decided at this preliminary con-
test which two are TO be sent from
Youngs township to take part in the
contest at Laurens the day OF the
county fair.
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1914-03-25
Lnnrens Raised 1892 Bales.

According to figures issued from
tho census department, cotton gin
nings for this county up to March 20,
amounted to 45,312 bales, as against
35,638 bales up to the same time last
year. This Is gain Of nearly 10000
iha1ea
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1914-03-25
Notice to Teachers.

All teachers who have not yet sent
In their school histories for the cdu-
cational issue Of The Advertiser are
requested TO do so at once.
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1914-03-25
SOCIAL AND PERSONAL
CLINTON HAPPENINGS
Many Things of Interest About the
People OF the Neighb0ring Town,

Z wcc!,-thc on.ropcmnnt or ,,;.a CO.,
Emmic McCrnrv of Aebovi,lo n r. -
Mr.. Robert Henry or ,r,,t ,,;u &. -
The wcddiny vii hn in N,v .. to
home of hcr sisicr Mrs w q r.r,o,
OF Ashcyillc, y G. Miss Mccr,rv ne
made Clinton her homo mill /, vo,r
ago whom shc lnr ia 1.-Two Win ho,
sister il Nshcyiiln s;hn ir vow. ro,,
lar and has hos; Of rriona. hcro yr,o
will be interested in tbis ,rrouroo
mont.
On "Wednesday afternoon Nicco.
Maudc and Mabel Sumcrol do,ipht,r,-
" entertained tho vounr Iodio. o,,
bgoidcry club.
MIR. and Mrs. b. H. Bovd cntort,in-
ed a dozen ladies ana ,hcir hu.h,,as
at a very elaborate five coureo d;nror
on Thursday.
Friday night Mr. and 'Mre u
Henry celebrated thoir si,vor wodd;n.,
with a very elaborate rcccntion q,
their home on Musgrovc street Dnr-
ing the evening abor, $50 ghosts call
cd and were met at tho door wv Mr.
Ross Young and Mrs. Robert David
son. Miss Irene Little and Mr. John
Bell invited them into tho norlor
where they were received NV Mr. and
Mrs. Henry, Mr.. Mahaffcy Of Batos-
burg, MIR. and Mrs. Gus Blakoley. Mr.
and Mrs. G. CT Young and Mr., and Mrs
Bell, mother and father of Mrs. Henry.
From the parlor the guests were in
vitcd into the dining room by Miss
Ellenc McCaslan and Mrs. Mac HIM.
OF Abbeville. Mrs. l.. ID. McCrary pre-
sided in the dining room where de-
licious salad and sweet course and
mints We're served by Misses Elizabeth
Henry, Essic Davidson, Susie Owens,
Annie Horton and Florence Rantin.
AS the guests left the dining room,
Miss irene Adair pinned on the favors
| which were small silver bells and in
Vltcd thcm INTO the living room where
dcllshtful punch was served by Misses
Maude PEARSON and sallie Belle Bu-
io'a OF Nc"Derry. AS the guests left
'he ilVlhS room cach one was invited
10 register ny MIS-. *. ID. Young, of
''aorehS' nc mouse was peautllul lor
'''iS cl"Dor''e ali"ir. me parlor was
aecoratea III "hltc carnations ana
larse "hlte pe'iS' inc dlhihg room was
III piiik CARNATIONS ana lcrnS ana the
iNi'is room was lo'eiv Win pains ana
JohquiiS ana Du''crcups.
me out-ol-lo"h guests we're Mr..
MrS' NosS foung OF iaurens' Mr.. ana
MrS. mac Hipp OF ADOeVllle' Mr.. and
MrS. bell Oh hehho' MT. Mahal1cy OF
i'a'esours' MISS same bell bnford OF
Ne"perry ana pr. NreeSe OF hhoXVllle,
Tenn.
Mrs. w. d. Copeland entertained
few friends on Tuesday at dinner
On Monday afternoon the base ball
season opened with the first game
B. M. 7. Of Greenwood. The afternoon
was fine and both teams put up splen-
did work. The score was 10 to 6 in
favor OF Clinton. The Presbyterian
boys greatly miss their star catcher
McCutcheon who is at the dormintory,
Ill with pneumonia.
The teachers Of the graded school
gave very interesting and attractive
play in the school auditorium on Mon
day night. The proceeds were used to
buy pictures for the schoo! building.
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1914-03-25

John Pcrryhingle Hugh Aiken
Mr. Tackleton Herbert Sullivan
Caleb Plummer Elizabeth Moseley
Old Gentleman Leland Bolt
Dot Nellie Thompson
Bertha Virginia Simpson
Mrs. Fielding Margaret Dunlap
May Fielding Mary Wilkes
Dots Father Laurens Philpot
Tilly Slow-Boy Matte Kate Owings
Porter Paul Lake
Dots Mother Mary Lila Poole
Assisted by Misses Lucy Vance
Darlington. Mary Burton, Minnie IT,
vim, Lila Todd. Louise Simmons, Hat
tie Gray, Robbie Hudgens, Inez Hud-
gems and Mr.. Carlisle Dial.
This play given at the Opera House
is for the benefit of the school. Ad-
mission 35c, Csc and 15c. Reserve
seats on sale at Powe Drug Co. The
curtain rises promptly at $3.50 p. m.
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1914-03-25
THE CRICKET ON THE HEARTH.
Delightful Three-Act Drama to be
Presented at the Opera House by
School Boys and Girls.

On the evening of March 27th, a
delightful act drama, "The Cricket
on the Hearth" will be rendered by
the pupils OF the tenth grade under
the auspices of Miss Fannie Creigh-
ton. The characters are as follows:
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1914-03-25

Continued on Page Tcn.>
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1914-03-25
UP IN THE AIR

A parents life is one long respon-
sibility. It's a wonder that so many
of the genus discharge their duties
so acceptably. A writer has discover
ed another parental problem; or per-
haps he merely calls attention to one
which many fathers have discovered
for themselves.
''How's the family" one inquired
Of happily married West Slider yes
terday.
well, my children are at difficult
age now"
Difficult! Why, they've all passed
the measles and teething stage, have
they not?"
Long ago. But you don't know a
fathers troubles. My children are at
the age when, if use slang, my wife
says Pm setting bad example, and
if speak correctly the kids think Pm
a back number. Which would you
do?"
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1914-03-25
HIS EXPLANATION

Grocer-What do you mean by
sending me only II ounces of steak
when send for a pound?
Butcher-Oh, l don't know; but
I'll tell you what l did. 1 lost my
pound weight, and so used one Of
your pound packets of tea instead
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1914-03-25
O--O-
FALSE ALARM

you ought to have seen Mr.. Mar
shall when he called upon Dolly the
other night" remarked Johnny to his
sisters young man, who was taking
tea with the family. 81 tell you he
looked fine sitting there alongside of
her with his arm"
Johnny" gasped his sister, her
face the color of boiled lobster.
well, so he did," persisted John
ny. HE had his arm"
John" screamed his mother fran
tically.
why" whined the boy, 81 was"
John" said his father sternly,
leave the ROOM
And Johnny left, crying as he went,
81 was only going to say that he had
his army clothes on" -Top-Notch.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-08-09

wss,s BY gro " MEYER