davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-03-05

tor William Alden Smith made an at
tack on President Wilson because OF
his attitude on canal tolls in view OF
the Democratic platform declaration
Senator Cummins was referring to
his bill for presidential primaries
when Senator Smith inquired if any
thing would be in the bill about plat
forms on which candidates may run.
There is nothing in my bill to pre-
vent a convention making a plat
form, replied Cummins.
THE binding effect Of party plat
forms has long since been aban-
doned, said Senator Smith. THE ef-
ficacy OF such declarations is long
since lost We have just listened to
n distinct disavowal of a party pledge
| had hoped that the Senator's bill
provided for an abandonment OF dec
larations Of principles"
Senator Cummlns replied that he
"sympathized with the grief of SEN
ator Smith over the Democratic aban-
dcnment Of the national platform
Senator Smith said he hoped 1.-THE
Senate later may seriously consider a
provision for the complete abandon
ment OF declarations of party princi-
Pies
Comment Widely Divergent.
Comment upon the Presidents mes
sage among members OF the House
was widely divergent. Representative
Floyd, Of Arkansas, of the Judiciary
Committee, said:
q absolutely approve of the senti-
ment expressed to-day by President
Wilson. He made a great mistake
in ever providing for free tolls
Representative Doremus of Micht-
gan. chairman Of the Democratic
Congressional campaign committee
said
The President has not changed my
mind a bit / have been for free tolls
all along, and will continue the fight
against any repeal"
Representative Mondell, of Wyom-
ing. Republican declared:
Il have taken the same position or
canal tolls as the President now sc
beatedly takes, but fear that ii is
not so much the logic of economics
nor the meaning of the language OF
the treaty that has convinced the
President as the fact that to recover
from the mistake in politics, which he
has made as to Mexico he is willing
to conform to a policy in Panama ap-
proved by British craftsmanship"
Representative Macdonald, Of
Michigan, Progressive, said:
Il have been for free tolls and am
still for free tolls"
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-03-05
Tetrazzini to Sue
Manager Campanini

Los ANGELES, March 5.-Declaring
that she has stood an she car bear from
her hrother-in-law, Cleofouti Campani-
mi, manager and conductor of the Chi
cage Grand Opera Company Nine
LulSa IetruZElni says she Will bring
suit for az least $3.50 900 damages
against Campaniui and the opera COM
panv
Mime Tetrazziui takes exception TO
Campauinis alleged statement that he
had not engaged her 60 sing with the
Chicago Grand opera Company because
her vote was breaking she was los
ing her power and that Sirlha, anyway.
was the worlds greatest coloratuVa So
prano,
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-03-05
Millionaire's Baby
Boy Dies Of Burns

AUGUSTA, March 5.--Joseph Nc
Knight Speer, Jr., 2-year- old son of
Pennsylvania millionaire who has a
winter home here, is deead from burns
caused by playing with a match.
Mr. Speer owns large estate near
Augusta.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-03-05
Sheridan and Brock
Battle to Hot Draw

DETROIT, March Mickey Sler-
idau of Chicago. and Phil Brock. of
Cleveland fought eight vicious rounds
I. a draw before the Windsor A. G..
last uiAht
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-03-05
Bankrupt Held for
Concealing Assets

CHICAGO March 5.-Louis r. Gross
man, who recently pleaded bankruptcy,
was arrested after he reported TO the
police that he was robbed Of $4,000 in
iewelry, because he forgot to schedule
the jewelry in his list of assets.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-03-05
.Suffragist to Talk
On Child Laborers

Under the auspices Of the Atlanta
Equal Suffrage Association, Miss Ger
triide Waldemar will speak on The
Menace OF Child Labor in the audito-
rum of Wesley Memorial Church at 3
D. m Sunday.
Representative labor men and minis
ters of the city also will make short
addresses.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-03-05
Explains Mexican Policy at Secret
Committee Session, and In
quiry Is Dropped

WASHINGTON. March B. That a
prediction as to tine final outcome Of
the struggle in Mexico can not be ac-
curately made at this time was the
admission made to-day by Secretary
Of state Bryan at a secret session of
the House Foreign Affairs Commit
tee. The best ne could tell the COM
mittee the Secretary said, was that
the Admins tration VAS hopeful of an
carly termination of the revolution.
Secretary Bryan insisted that the
Aiuey resolution which was before
the committee lac Shelved and an sim
liar attempts to debate the Mexican
issue he suppressed until the storm
beyond the Rio Grande should blow
over
All the foreign nations, according to
Bryan have given their support 10
the United States In its policy Of
"watchml waiting He said they had
shown remarkable torbcaranCe and
patience throughout the three years
Of war
Bryan Preparing Data.
\ list of an Americans and other
foreigners in Mexico. of the depreda-
tious committed 10y Fedorais and reb-
els against them their property and
the situation Of am these peoples as to
safety of life, is being prepared. ac-
Cordins 10 the Secretary When this
data is gath1od IL Will bee forwarded
To Congress.
Secretary Bryan told the commit
tee he is confident General Carraula
eventually will reCedr from his pres
eut pOsitiou and permit the United
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-03-05
Hundreds Pay Last
Honor to Mrs. Bell

Hundreds of men, women and chill
dren who have known the kindness and
help of Mrs. Emma E. Bell attended
her funeral at the Bell home, No. 25S
Peachtree street. Wednesday afternoon.
The funeral service was conducted by
North Avenue Presbyterian Church.
The Bell House boys" lined the walk
to the house entrance as the casket
was borne out,
The pallbearers were c. F. Currier,
Or. w. s. Elkin, Myron e Freeman, w.
w Kingston, Thomas B. Paine, Captain
j. C. Haskill, Percy II, Adams and d.
f. Denton.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-03-05

Reduced to $500 per ton.
Best high grade Jellico
Coal. Carroll & Hunter.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-03-05

FINDS 5000 OF AMBERGRIs.
MOBILE, March 5.-A lump of
ambergris worth $4,000 was picked up
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-03-05
BRYAN SLAVES OFF
PROBE BYCONGRESS

Cemene Vergara American ranchman executed by Mexl
cans and below Gustav Bauch German American whose tate
mvserv but who is believed also 70 have been Slam
The Waxahachie daily light. [volume] (Waxahachie, Tex.) 1894-current, 1914-09-15
The Waxahachie Daily Light

Is member of the two largest news gathering
associations on earth. They have correspondents in
every important city III Europe and many of them are
with the contending armies
The service which this paper is enabled to give it's
readers is eNcelIe1 by only few Of the leased wire
papers, In fact it prints a later Geographic report
than some OF the larger papers Of the State thereby
giving it's readers the very latest details obtainablc
tor an afternoon paper
The Waxahachie daily light. [volume] (Waxahachie, Tex.) 1894-current, 1914-09-15

VOU WILL WANT newspaper that gives you the
very latest and most reliable news from the scene
OF that great conflict All other news is now over
Swallowed by reports from the theatre of war in
Europe and while the Nations involved are struggling
ior military supremacy the history making events are
beng faithfully reported by scores OF the best war
correspondents in the country
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1914-04-21
Thlef.Proof Auto Lock

A thief-proof lock is the latest in
fention in the automobile world, due
% the efforts of j. e. Gibbons, J. G.
.. Smith and G. A. Smith of this city.
rhe lock, which is unique in design
md ornamental, is located on the
steering column under the steering
Wheel, and gives the general appear
tnce Of being a part OF the steering
cost
In bringing a car to a stop the
wheels are slightly Offset, the right
hand turning the wheel and the left
hand forcing the collar upward into
the locking slots, and the spring lock
automatically locking the car. A diff.
ferent type key is used for each ma
hine. While a culprit e~ndeavoring to
teal a motor car may start the en-.
Inc before getting into the car, he
would be unable to remove It from
he curb when the wheel Is locked or
ven tow the car away.
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1914-04-21
MEANS LIFE OF TIRE
INNER TUBE MUST BE OF PER.
Feet CONSTRUCTION.
Manufacturers use Only the Finest
Rubber In Constructing Those
for Use on Autos.

Hidden from sight, the Inner tube
usually does not get the recognition
from tire users its importance de-
serves ays a tire expert.
The life of the tire, the inner tube.
must, despite its elasticity and the pc
euliar demands which are put upon
It, be practically as strong and dur
able as the casing. When inflated the
TUBE contains an air pressure repre-
sentng energy sufficient to run a To-
comotive. The slightest weakness.
an air bubble, or imperfect joint, and
the tube Ia doomed. In it's manufac-
ture only the best rubber and work
manship should be employed.
Made Of upriver fine Para, no for
eign matter except the trace of sui
phur needed for curing, or in the case
OF the red tube. a little anthony Is
used l n the best tubes. The advan-
tase of the finest pure rubber tube
les In its superior toughness, its great
er expansive and contracting powers.
us greater density OF texture and its
ability to withstand heat.
Thin sheets of rubber are wrapped
oSO I'll log CIp Ou PlPo-
like cores. Scrutinized carefully while
The process of building is going on,
me tube, when passed, is certain to
be free from. flaws. Not a trace of an
air bubble OF blemish Of any kind is
permitted to get by.
When completed, the tube, still on
the core, is swathed in canvas strips
and cured, the several layers OF rub
Der merging into one.
After the cure, the tube is stripped
from the mold, being turned inside out
N the process. The valve stem is
tropped in and the ends OF the tubs
~'ulcanized together. but not until 1t is
again inspected and gagged for cor
rect thickness and weight of the walls.
h valve stem is fitted into place and
the tube is inflated and tested for any
leaks"
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1914-04-21
OF SALE
OF REAL ESTATE

- ~ 80 ~ .-
Notice is hereby given, that in
pursuance. o. an order of the Dis.
Itrict Court of the Fourth judicial
District Of the State Of Nevada, in
and for the County Of Elko. duly
made and entered on the 18th day
of April, A. D. 1914 in the matter
of the estate of c. H. Hooper, de-
ceased, the undersigned, the Ad-
ministrator of the estate of said
C. H. Hooper, deceased. will sell
at private sale. and subject to con-
firmatiou by said District Court. on
the 18th day of May, 1914. at
twelve o'clock noon, at the Office Of
Henderson and Caine, in the Town
Of Elko. County of Elko. State Of
Nevada, tie following real estate
belonging to the estate of said de-
ceased. towit, all of those lots,
pieces or parcels Of land situate
in the Town of Elko. County of Ell
10, State of Nevada, and bounded
and particularly described as fol-
lows, towit'-
An undivi ed one-half interest ia
and to Lots One ~, Two (2).
Three (3), Four az, Five (5)
Six (6), Seven (7), and Eight (8),
Of Block twenty-five (25) of Bal
LOUIS Addition to the Town of Elko,
as the same appear upon the plat
Of said Town of Elko, now On file in
the Office of the county Recorder
of said County of Elko, together
with the improvements thereon.
Terms and conditions of sale not
less than Five Hundred 5000 Dol
lars cash, payable upon the execu-
ton of a Deed by this admins.
TRAITOR.
Dated April 18th, 1914.
Hayden Henderson,
Administrator Of the estate of C,
II. Hooper, Deceased.
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1914-04-21

JUNCTION of parts ID and l. and balls
; Is to hold the valve stem concen-
rically within the appliance whatever
he diameter Of the stem may be, 80
hat the valve face will bed evenly on
he cutting surface when 1t Is being
rued up. The cones are adjustable
~ means of the threaded nut F. To
urn up the valve face the valve Is
'otated on the cutter by means Of a
;crewdriver or a brace bit, and the
appliance itself may be held in the
land or gripped "A q wise. When the
:utting surface has .scome worn out,
t a be recut or renewed.--From
rhe Engineer.
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1914-04-21

IN THE DISTRICT COURT OF
THE FOURTH JUDICIAL DIS
TRICT OF THE STATE OF NE
VADA, IN AND FOR THE
COUNTY OF ELKO.
In The Matter of The ESTATE
OF PETER McCABE, DECEASED.
Notice is hereby given that Sam
Guldager having filed in this court
his petition for distribution of the
estate of Peter McLabe, deceased,
the hearing Of the same has been
fixed by the Clerk of said court for
Tuesday, the fifth day of May, A.
D. 1914, at ten o'clock in the fore
noon of said day in the Courtroom
at the Courthouse in the Town of
Elko, County of Elko, State of Ne
vads, and all persons interested in
said Estate are notified then and
there to appear and show cause if
any there be, why the said petition
should not be granted.
Dated April 10, 1914.
(SEAL)
Fred C. Voight, Clerk.
By H. C. Sproule, Deputy.
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1914-04-21
The FARMER AND THE TARIFF

That ancient G. o P. fairy tale
that protection was responsible for
the farmers prosperity has been
smashed to smitbereens by plain,
cold market quotations since the
Underwood low tariff became a
law.
Corn, under the Democratic
tariff, last February averaged Is
cents a bushel higher on the Chi
cago market than during the cor
responding month of 1913. under
the Republican tariff. Wheat, I'M
der the Democratic tariff. in Feb
ruary 1914, averaged about 8 cents
a bushel higher than it averaged in
February 1913 urder the Republi-
a tariff law. Hogs averaged as
cents per hundred-weight higher in
February. 1914, than in February
1918. Cattle averaged 18 cents
per hundred weight higher in Feb
ruary Of this year than in the same
month last year. The market prices
of the foregoing products are in
each case higher today than the
average price of the last four years.
If protection makes the farmer
prosperous, how does it happen
that he is getting more for his pro.
duets today. under a Democratic
low tariff bill, than he did at any
time under four years of Republi-
car high protection?
The answer is simply that the
American farmer is practically I'M
affected, in the value of his pro-
ducts, by tariffs high or low. Pro-
section will not make him rich nor
a a low tariff make him puor.
The law of supply and demand it
the only law affecting the price Of
his products that he need reckon
with, and the advantages of that
law are all on his side. The agri-
cultural resources of the world ran
not be developed fast enough to
keep pace with the constantly in
creasing demand, hence the Ameri-
a farmers prosperity is assured
regardless of tariffs.
On the other hand, the farmer
is a g.eat be nefciary of a low
tariff. 1t takes the hand of monop-
oily from his throat. 1t cheapens
the cost Of his raw material, his
tools and machinery, the clothing
for himself and family, and the
countless other things he does not
produce but has to buy. The farm
er has nothing 10 fear and a great
deal to gain from the Democratic
policy of tariff for revenue only
Humboldt Star.
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1914-04-21
arewlnp chlldren and Study.

AS soon as q child begins to grow
rapidly all intellectual exertion should
be checked. Such is the theory which
DR.. O. MERCER. ON English Authority
on children, expresses in an article In
the London Lancet Especially when
there Is any family tendency to nerv.
u or mental disorder, rapidly grow.
Ing children cliould BIO Withdrawn from
school altogether until tho period Of
rapid growth is oyer.
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1914-04-21
Sugar Cane.

Sugar cane is q species Of grass
The stalks Or canes resemble corr
stalks CT regions further north.
Great quantities Of cane are grown
n Louisiana aud other southern
states. AS the canes approach matur.
lily they throw out q long smooth hol.
low joint termed the arrow. AS the
joints ripen the leaves wither and fall
away with the stem. The juice is -ex,
tracted by being pressed in a sugar
mill between several heavy rollers
The juice is forced out by pressure
and is Immediately boiled down to
prevent fermentation.
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1914-04-21
cookIoo ss.k.,

A basket for paper bag cooking
overcomes a common objection to
cooking with paper bags. With this
basket the difficulty OF removing the
cooked food from the oven without
the bag bursting and spilllng the
Juices OF the food IL removed. spe-
cial bags come fitted to the basket
which also has a lid and can be placed
on the table II desired.
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1914-04-21
Fulness on LlSo.

Every year I live I am more CON.
yinced that tho waste OF life lies In
the love we have not given, the pow.
ers we have not used, the selfish pru.
dence that will risk nothing and
which. Sinking pain, misses happt
ness as well. No one ever yet was
the poorer In the long run for having
once In a lifetime '1et out all the
length Of the reins."-Matthew Ar
mold.
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1914-04-21
WoOIly Lamb, pIns and N.edls..

Do you know that a useful acces.
sorry for the nursery can be. made from
q wool!y toy laTo about i've inches
longf Encircle tb2 length of it's body
with an iuch-wide ribbon divided into
pockets for thimble, paper OF needles,
bodkin and tin! scissors. Hang a tiny
emery around the animals neck and
use its wcolly body for holding safe
ty pins
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1914-04-21
LARGE Closed Country.

~Afghanistan, the buffer state be-
tween British India and the Russian
possessions in Asia, with an area or
about 26e, 900 square miles and a pop
ulation Of probably about 5,000,0 900
Mohammedans (ro census has ever
been takeu), is, with the exception of
Tibet, the largest clo:cd country in
the world.
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1914-04-21
eathinn Tor eldorIY Persona.

Provided their general health Ia
good, elderly persona derive great
benefit from bathing. At least two
baths a week in water that Is neither
too hot nor too cold restores elasticity
and smoothness to the skin, loosens
the tissues and makes the limbs round
er and plumper,
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1914-04-21
Need for specIal Brood.

Above and about Hudson bay there
e enormous deposits Of copper, gold,
nd silver, but only on Indian can live
here. He has grown up there as q
olar bear grows up amid Ice. It Is
aought a special breed OF Indian and
ihinese might meet the needs.
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1914-04-21
Matter Of LIberalItx.

Miss Bessie Neater (cultivated)-
Her books are simply delightful. In.
deed, I think she Ia the most liberal
writer know or" Miss Hattie Bacon
Cuncultivated)-Well, I don't know. i
don't think she Is as liberal as Mrs.
Southworth. Mrs. s%outhworth gives
you 400 pages for a quarter Q
ume."-The Bostonian.
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1914-04-21

Ing the nations,
mecca.
There is g
reason why this
should be. The
capital. city pos.
sesses one OF the
worlds greatest
libraries. It Is
the national hub
Of science. In its
salons one rubs
elbows with o
distinguishes for
eigners than can
be met in any
other American
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1914-04-21
Pictured Vaccination by Proxy.

"But doc" protested a West aide
boy Who was about to be vacclnated,
don't you think you could let me
go? Ma says I've inherited everything
from dad, and I've heard him say he
was vaccinated once."-Kansas City
Star.
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1914-04-21
palloloua Ronat Ham

Take three or four alices OF ham.
rub with sugar and a very little of
cloves. Place slices on top of zach
other, put In deep pan, cover with
milk and roast till tender. Ham h
also delicious simmered In milk, pre
pared the same way.
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1914-04-21
stevenson's Lack Of Grammar.

Robert Louis Stevenson's biograph.
er says OF. him: "1n every language he
learned the grammar remained un-
known to him, however correctly he
might 8 its idioms, and the spelling
Of his own tongue was dark to him
to the very last"
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1914-04-21
umonoIa AND uaeav.

II is estimated by the Canadian au.
1orities that every year some 100000
,legraph and telephone poles have to
Q replaced because of their decay.
/ is estimated that creosote trest-
lent would save upward OF 100000
olea ner' wear,
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1914-04-21
MAKING VALVE FACES TRUE
New Appliance That Seems oatisfac.
tory Has Recently Been Placed
on the British Market.

A newly patented appliance for tru-
ng the faces of poppet valves has ap-
1eared in the British market and is
ihown here. To the casing B is
screwed the cutter A. Inside the cas-
ne are a double-coned ring D and a
'in~gie-coned ring f. which form ball
aces for two sets OF steel balls. The
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1914-04-21

Cedar Posts for Sale.-We have
a large Int of cedar posts for sale at
our ranch. Call on or address L. M.
Bellinger, Lamor,le or R. C. Bel
linger, Smith Creek. via Elko, for
particulars. Advt. 2 mo.
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1914-04-21
ana one Needeo Cnecks.

Teacher-"Dld you ask your nam.
ma why the pen was mightier than
the sword?" Small Eloise : yes,
ma'am. She said it was because papa
couldn't sign checks with a sword"
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1914-04-21
The Lack.

He-T saw a fellow looking over
the diamond ring case at u store
thiA morning." She-"Oh, how l wish
I were the woman in the case!-4St.
Louis Times.
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1914-04-21
Automeblle Mar pln.s.

Waiter, I don't want this cheese"
Anything wrong, sir?" ITS too old.
Haven't you got any Of the 1919
modelf"-Yonkers Statesman.
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1914-04-21
Frankneas IfaeIf

The Breezy one--I say, old man, IL
pun lot me have the loan OF $40 I'll
. e~ternally Indebted to you.-Ppck.
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1914-04-21
Daily Thnunht

"a !. iced a desirable thing to be
veil d 'acanied, but the glory belongs
- u observation-disclosures.
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1914-04-21
WASHINGTON A MECCA
WOMEN IN Aars AND SCIENCES
FLOCK 10 CAPITAL :
Many Are Doing Exeeilent Work In.
Learned Bureaus OF Government
Why City 10 Becoming Paris
OF the New World.

For women In the arts, sciences and
literature Washington Is fast becom-
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1914-04-21
More Than 4 CacMic.

biOiC 'Hah eS''N
1t was the first tine that Johnny
had ever heard a guinea hen. "Oh,
ma" he shouted, come and hear this
chicken a-windin' itself up!"
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1914-04-21
ADMISSION 10 & Is
Pictures Start go
i'c-i.

After q man liz !-v" tcI in one
of your gotrich-Guick schemes, do
you keep c1 scDdia him literature
for your new erterpriss?" Certainly
not: answered The prom3ter. WHATS
the use Of wasting postage stamps on
a man who is brok09"
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1914-04-21
p!amoads Worth ss,cco,ooo,ooo.

p'anionds Worth S5,CcO,uO0,000.
The projection of diamonds from
the earliest times to the present day
amounts TO over IS tens, or over
$l,0Ca,O00,G0 in value, uncut. Their
value IL and mounted is almost
$4,000. 200, 900. A box three feet high,
six feet wide and eight feet long would
contain them. Nearly all diamonds of
the present day come from South At
RIGA.