Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-06-06
A SIMPLE SANITARY SYSTEM
FOR SMALL COUNTRY HOMES

water surface in the driest seasons.
Unpolluted springs are as a rule
good sources of water supply, since
the water usually comes from great
depths within the rock or is filtered
through many layers of sand and
gravel However. springs are sub
ject to pollution from the same
sources as wells and should be closely
watched i'm this respect. Farm
spring supplies are often polluted by
the drainage from buildings and stock
pens. Spring water supplies from
limestone are also subject to pollution
from distant garbage and sewage
dumps in sink holes. The same pre-
cautions should be taken for safe
guarding spring supplies as in the
case of wells, and in addition the
spring should always be fenced to
keep out the stock. Spring supplies
should be frequently examined for
pollution of any kind and the water
should be boiled before drinking, If
possible, although this is not abso-
lutely necessary in all cases.
After a pure water supply has been
made available for the farm home,
the quantity of water needed must
be considered. A suitable pumping
equipment must be chosen and then
a satisfactory means for distributing
and storing the water must be pro-
Vided.
The department of agriculture's .ru-
raj engineer shows that the quantity
of water which can be provided Will
depend on the power used; the
amount needed on whether the ser
vice is for the entire farm or for the
house only.
Getting a Water supply.
Hand Generated systems are appli-
cable where small quantities are re-
duired for house service only, but In
case water is wanted for stock also
the use of a windmill, engine cleo
trio motor or hydraulic ram is neces-
sary. If a windmill is used the stor-
age should be large enough for at
least three days supply, to provide
water in case of calm weather. Where
the other sources of power are used
the storage capacity need not eX-
coed one days supply. The follow
ing table gives approximate quantl-
ties of water required per day;
~ Gallons.
Each member of the family,
for all purposes viii require 2o-4o
Each cow will require. u
Each horse will requIre.....' ~
Each hog will require. a72
Each sheep will require. 49,.
The water consumption will vary
from day to day and with the sea-
sons. Fire protection should also pc
considered, and in determining the
size of tank the maximum amount
likely to be required should be pro-
vided. ooo
For q family of six persons 2oo.
gallon supply should be sufficient II
the water is used in the house only:
on a farm where water is supplied
TO family of six persons ten horses,
twelve cows. twenty-five hogs anu
fifteen sheep the daily storage supply
should be at least 500 gallons, with
whatever additional amount, II any,
the farmer deems necessary for hfe
protection.
Plumbing Must Be Simple and Durable
The plumbing system for the av-
erage farm home should be SIMPLE
and it's material and construction
should be durable. Water pipes
should be arranged so as to carry the
water in as nearly straight line as
possible to the point of discharge
| The use of lead pipe or lead llned
receptacles for drinking water shoulo
he avoided in small private systems.
The sewer plumbing serves las
drain for the water plumbing The
drainage system should be so con-
structed as to carry away complete
lv everything emptied into 1t, and II
should be constantly vented, IRE
ouently and thoroughly flushed ana
have each of its openings into the
house securely guarded All drains,
soilpipe and waste pipe should De
watertight and alright. All plump
ing should be tested by tllns WIN
water or smoke to detect leaks.
Sewage Publication and Disposal
The process of sewage disposal
described is partly. mechanical and
partly bacterial, consisting OF a pre-
un1inary septic tank treatment ana
of final treatment by application to
a natural soil by surface or subsur-
face distribution or to a specially
prepared filter.
The septic tank, though alrtlght ana
supposedly watertight, should be 10
Gated as far from the house and the
we'll and spring as convenience ana
local surroundings will permit. thus
reducing the danger of pollution or
nuisance in case of leakage or I'M
nroner operation of the system.
Contrary to the usual opinion, small
sewage systems require some watch
| ing and care 1t is well to study the
system and watch the action in the
entire plant for any signs OF clogging
or water-logging. If the sewage IS
| applied continuously to the final dis
posal system and in such quantities
| that the system is kept saturated,
the filter or disposal area becomes
3vater-logged and sewage SICK and
| ceases to be effective. A grease trap
! Ia described which acts as a sepa-
rator of grease and sewage from the
! kitchen sink or dairy room. II grease
is allowed to enter the sewer 1t ac-
| cunnulates, and eventually clogs the
system.
! No costs of materials or labor have
been quoted in the new bulletin
since these vary considerably with
time and locality, but nothing has
| been recommended which is not con-
sidered to be an economical invest
| ment for the progressive farmer.
Progressive cities are making large
expenditures for sanitary systems to
protect the health of their people, and
similar protection is due the country
residents.
ANY farmer who feels that the sani-
tary arrangements in his home are
not entirely satisfactory is urged to
apply for the department of agri-
cultures new free bulletin. With the
help of a reliable plumber or sanitary
engineer he. will be able to work out
a simple and economical solution for
his problem.
w-~ ~YY WAY