davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
TaÌˆgliche Omaha tribuÌˆne. [volume] (Omaha, Nebr.) 1912-1926, 1914-10-19

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lid elegonten Damen an bic Steae
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nnb ba fiebt man nod perein5elt
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GHDar8fi9Te, aud ols garnitur
iber gapss unb pel5Tortis. 8as
gauge 9ier nit Ropf unb pfoten
al tr1gen, gilt ebenio pis bic StOla
In alien Nrten oIs iibetpnnben. Z.
Bel BEN f6nslen @e6fel Der
Mobsn gibt e fsIbit ienen 0ameu,
bic NIT 3%auIenben at re6nen gee
4p6bnt finb, einen tleinen groit, bab
Elm ~unmDbernsr qslsgssentanb tein
unbraudbarer gstporbsn lit. Nan
lam i6n INNER ipiebsr umarbeiten
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-07-19

ton since the days of the Incas. The
land was bought of a Bolivian hacien-
dado, and 1t has about 80 Indians living
upon it. According to custom. these
Indians went with the land. They have
certain tracts there which they have
farmed from generation to generation
and others upon which they have
f1ocks of one kind or another. They
work about two days of the week for
their rent.
These Indians form the nucleus of the
that the industrial movement is now
going on. The trustees have established
A school, and both children and grown
ups are attending it and learning to read.
They have introduced new plants and
grasses. and they are experimenting with
grains to see if better conditions of farm
ing cannot be created on these hlgh
plateaus. They expect to improve the
breeds of sheep and to bring in goats
and American cattle. They hope also to
teach the Indians the several trades and
During my stay here | have met Mr..
Hugo Wenburg. who is now managing
the farm. He tells me that the Indians
would have nothing to do with the mis-
sionaries at first They had been told
by their neighbors that the Americans
would work them to death and that they
would be cheated out of all that they
had. The trustees had great trouble in
getting their confidence but finally sue
has sprung up. The Indians are send
ing their children to the school, which.
owing to the lack of buildings. is now
held in the patio or open square inside
the farmhouse The school day is short.
as the children have to work for their
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-07-19

parents. The hours are from seven to
nine in the morning. but the children are
so anxious to learn that they come be-
fore the teachers are awake. The little
Indians are bright and are about as
quick to learn as the Cholos or whites.
X \
I asked Mr.. Wenburg how he was get
ting along introducing new methods of
farming. He replied:
I'VE have had great difficulty in get
ting the Indians to try anything new.
but I am sure that as soon as they can
see that our ways are better We shall
have no further trouble. Among other
attempts have made was the intro
duction of the American pillow. The In
dian plows are of wood and are little
more than forked sticks, that cut fur
row of only two or three inches. We
imported some plows. but had great trou-
bile in persuading the Indians to yoke
yoked to the horns of the oxen and the
oxen push the plow-tongue along with
their heads We showed them that we
could pillow twice as deep with our pillow
as they could with theirs, and when our
crops rise high above theirs l am sure
we shall have no further trouble
In talking about the superstitionS of
the Indians. Mr.. Wenburg said that they
believe in witchcraft and that death is
witching them. When person dies his
relatives and friends are anxious that
the witches SHOULD not pursue the soul
of the man after death. Not long ago
a man died on the farm, and his family
came to the overseer and asked him to
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-07-19

take a piece of paper with cross on
the top and to write below that: Il
have died because l am bewitched by
my enemies, and | here pray to the
Lord that ! may be free from them in
the future. mis- sheet of paper was
put into the hand Of the dead man and
was buried with him.
In the same connection Mr.. Wenburg
says that the Indians are very quiet as
an ordinary thing. but they may be-
come enraged, and that when they fight
they grow savage. At such times a man
may even kill and eat his victim the
Indian overseer now on the farm W.
longed to a family who killed and ate
man in that way. They then threw
covered. and. as punishment. the
neighbors took away the land that be-
longed to them.
During my stay at Cerro de Pasco I
learned of a similar industrial move
ment that is going on among the In
dams of Peru The heads of this work
are interdenominational and they come
chiefly from Great Britain and Canada
quipa and large Industrial farm not
far from Cuzco. The farm formerly be-
longed to the Jesuits, but some time
after they were driven out of the coun-
try it was bought by this organization.
thing like $4,000 acres of good land on
the plains and running from them high
up the slopes of the mountains and in
Guiding the valleys between. AS in the
case of the farm on Lake Titicaca the
Indians went with this land They had
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-07-19
Boy Holt DING SAMPLES OF BOLIVIAN Com
yKY

their own little holdings scattered over
it, and owned their own flocks. working
a part of each week for the farmer.
The foreigners have established schools
on the estate, and are introducing our
grains and grasses and new methods OF
farming. I am told that the Indians are
learning to pillow. They use one-handled
tivate their land in deep and straight
burrows. thing they did not do in the
past. The foreigners have brought In
new crops and new varieties of the old
crops. Among other thin~s they are eX-
perimenting with is the Irish potato, OF
which they are raising as much as 800
bushels per acre.
talked with Mrs. Austin. a fine Ca
madam woman. the wife of one OF the
missionary farm managers. She tells me
that the Indian boys are very quick to
learn and showed me bright little fell
low. belonging to the farm, who spoke
Spanish. At the same time. she brought
out some ears Of corn about foot long
with grains as big as lima beans. and
farm. I had the boy hold up the ears
of maize and photographed them Mrs.
Austin says the mission has already
proved that the Indians can be CIVILIZED
and that all they need to get along In
the world is education and freedom from
alcohol. This mission is doing not only
work of an Industrial order among the
gospel work among the Peruvians. 1t
has a thriving school at CuZco. where
the pupils are taught Spanish: and il has
trained nurses who SERGE among all
classes of people.
In sailing down the west coast / came
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-07-19

dissolved in boiling water The resulting
extract is then drawn off through a suit
able strainer, usually cheesecloth. to
separate the refuse matter-poppy leaves
crude fiber, etc The extract is Their
boiled or evaporated to the consistency o:
thick molasses. and is then ready fol
smoking purposes.
In the process of smoking opium usu-
ally followed. small mass of the ma
terial. about the size of a pea. is taken
on dipper or small metal rod. known as
a yen-hook This lump is deXterously
rotated in the flame of a small lamp, usu-
ally peanut Oil lamp or hshoii lamp
until the excessive moisture is driven OFF
and the mass is partly ircinerated, or
until the pill is cooked.
The pill is then placed in the bowl of
the opium pipe and held just over the
flame of the lamp. and the smoke from
the pill is inhaled. The preparations
for smoking require ten to fifteen min
utes. whereas the actual operation OF
smoking usually consumes about thirty
seconds.
The ash from the pill" or yen shi.
as it is known among the habitues of the
smoking opium practice may be reused
after undergoing a process similar 10
the manufacture Of smoking OPIUM as
ahove described except that it is mixed
previously to such manufacture with an
canal quantity of gum opium.
complete smoking opium outf1t con-
sists of an oil lamp. pipe. scales Tor
weighing the opium. can of opium anu
, nlaying card with a small quantity or
smoking opium smeared thereon. In
on;um dens the opium is frearenii: sold
M, a nIaving "ard on account OF the TACT
tba- the glazed surface permits the en-
tire amour. o. the opium TO he seraped
off
patent nostrums offer one OF the most
imnortant fields for work b. the scien-
tists of the laiaoratorN. With the growth
of the prohibition movement. vast OPP
nortunitv was opened whereby the un-
scrupulous compounder of pseudo-medi-
cines could exploit his connections and
dispose of so-callea medicines whose
chief claim to virtue is the alcoholic
content thereof. In numerous instances
s,ch ..cure-alls'' have been exposed and
unfinished as fakes to the public
FINALLY, after long Investigations
standard was adopted whereby an alco-
holic medicinal preparation must con-
tain at least a bona fide dose of some
drug or drugs of recognized thera peutic
value. either singly or In compatible
combination. and the alcoholic strength
must not be greater than Is necessary for
the legitimate purposes OF preservation.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-07-19
TMD7IsTR 1AL TARM NEAR LAKE TT1eAeA

Indians are more or less subservient to
it, and the Catholics could accomplish
more in the work of regeneration In a
fixed time than the Protestants At pres
ent the Protestant missions are to be
credited with most of the attempts at
elevating the Indians that are now
going on.
The industrial school which the min
lister from Bolivia has asked me to in
vestfgate IS supported by money left by
an Italian, one Antonio Chuiotto. who
was converted to Christianity in the
Pencil Hall mission in Los Angeles. He
had gone to the United States as a
young man. had settled in California. and
had. as I understand it. there made a
little fortune in milling. Later on he
emigrated to Argentina, where he lived
for number of years. He there became
interested in the uplifting of the Indians
had not much longer to live. decided to
leave his money for that purpose. giving
it to the Argentinians. There was some
difficulty. however. as to the laws of Ar
gentina that prevented his making a viii,
to this end. and he therefore came to
Bolivia. where the regulations are diff
ferent. Here he left his estate, consist
ing of about $4,000 for the starting of
this mission. The money was put in
the hands of the Methodist Episcopal
Church mission. or rather into the hands
of three trustees. one of whom was the
Rev George Mcbride. the president of
the American Institute of La Paz: an
other. Mr.. Hugo Wenburg. formerly Of
the American Bible Society. and a third.
DIR. Foster, a medical missionary.
These men have taken the Italians be-
quest and have bought farm of about
500 acres on the shores of Lake Titicaca
about forty five miles from La Paz. The
farm slopes down to the lake under the
shadows of the mighty snow-clad peaks
of Sorat and Illimani. The greater part
of 1t is level, and 1t consists of good agri-
cultural land, which has beer in cultiva-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-07-19

extraction or solution of the medical
ments.
Therefore. whenever a preparation is
compounded according to such standard
its efficacy as A beverage rs nstantf
banished. much To the chagrin OF the
not wholly teetotaler of prohibition terri
tory who was wont to purchase his favor
lite beverage medicine at the cross-roafS
store before Mr. Adams and his aids :"
ruthlessly interfered with his supply
OF course the whole quack medicine
field has not yet been thoroughly regu-
lated and purged of spurious compounds.
but noteworthy progress has been made
and the campaign is proceeding with I'M
abated vigor.
The injury TO the public through the
exploitation of fake ''cure-ails' is two
fold first, the piia5 through the gov
eminent, is defral-. -, ITS revenue or
account of the sd. e. s,:ra preparations
for beverages purposes Without the proper
tax having been paid, secondly. those VINO
buy them for beverage purposes pay an
eXorbitant price therefor and those who
buy them in good fa.tn as medicines reap
no BENEFITS from their TO many ~
the latter class IN ri epar.ih!c INJURY mas
been done through the fixing of the alco-
hollc habit 10y the innocent use of a lake
alcoholic medicine.
The safe OF oieomargarlrr under the
SuiSe OF butter has reached enormous nro-
portions and the ouoi:c fas been defraud-
ed of thousands of dollars thereby. These
scientists annually anaiyze samples of
suspected butter running INTO the tens ~
thousands and have done much toward
stamping out this form Of graft and fraud
practiced against the housewife.
Another widely practicod o!eomargarine
fraud is PERI etrated by dealers buying un-
colored oleomargarine, taxed by the gov
eminent al the rate of quarter cent per
pound. co.oriEg the same. and selling such
colored product to their customers with
out paying the tax at the rate of 10 cents
per pound imposed by law on colored oleo-
margarine. Such dealers. over and above
the legitimate profit. make profit Of
80 cents on each pound so disposed Of
The chemists of the Internal revenus
laboratory are instrumental In a large
degree In protecting a portion OF the ma
tons revenue and In bringing to justice
the illicit exploiters of this product
Mr. Adams and his corps are charged
with the duty of maintaining the purity
of matches and of seeing that no matches
are marketed containing yellow phos-
phorus. for under a recent internal rev.
enue law the manufacture and sale Of
containing yellow phosphorus -
strictly regulated in such manner as 70
make the production and sale thereof
practically prohibitory.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-07-19

patent nostrums who are more anxious
to increase their respective Golfers than
{" produce a preparation that will al
leviate cure human ills.
John r. Eoffs particular line of en-
deavor is concerned chiefly with vinous
liquors. and one Of his daily duties
is to taste numerous samples of rare
vintages. He Is also engaged in con-
Quoting research work regarding the
production of native wines. and the re-
suits obtained are extremely valuable
Peter Valaer. jr.. Is the sturdy cham
pion of the much imposed house
wife and woe betide the producer of
spurious or adulterated butter or -four
when sample of such product is barred
to his searching analysis.
George Boyer is also enlisted in fight
ing the battles of the housewife. as he
stands watch over the production of
oIeomargarine and enmeshes in the
hands of the law those who try to palm
off such product under the guise of but
ter.
Mr. Adams. being the chief chemist. is
an authority on each and every one OF tne
lines specialized in by his assistants
When Il comes to distilled spirits and
fermentology he is one of the recognized
authorities of the country.
These laboratory men. in addltlon 10
performing their scientific duties. are be-
ing constantly used by the government as
its witnesses in suits and prosecutions
and when testifying in court they are
required to qualify as experts in their re-
spective lines. The government. by thus
availins itself of the knowledge Of the
scientists, has successfully maintained Its
contentious in numerous suits involving
large sums of money, and also has con
victed numerous offenders charged with
more or less corrupt practices and eva
sions of law. Lucky indeed is the violator
who when confronted with the evidence
of one of these men, is able to controVert
the same.
Under the supervision of the laboratory
of the internal revenue bureau are taken
periodically samples of the mash at the
various whisky distilleries, and such SAM
pies are forwarded to the laboratory for
determination of the alcoholic content,
and thereby is ascertained how much
whisky should be produced from given
quantity Of mash.
II such an amount of whisky is not pro-
duced upon distillation of the mash. and
subsequently tax paid, the distiller is re-
quired to account for the shortage. Such
analyses apparently act as 4 powerful
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-07-19

olicism are many superstitions connected
with the worship of the sun. They have
also strange customs such as eating the
dead bodies of their enemies, and carry
ing written messages to the gods when
they die. as shall describe later on.
These Indians live in mud huts scat
tered over the high plateau Of the Andes.
Their huts are without windows. and are
lighted only by the doors, which are SO
low that one has to stoop to so in. They
have matched roofs made Of the grass
of the pampas. Their only furnishings
are the skins of alpacas. 1lamas and
sheep upon which they sleep at night.
and in some cases a ledge of mud. built
up across one side of the hut as a bed
They cook in clay pots over fire of
the droppings of llamas. There are no
chmneys and the smoke gets out as 1t
can.
Some of the Indians have f1ocks of
sheep and own alpacas and llamas. Now
and then you find one who has horses
or donkeys and cattle. Some are indie
pendent squatters having their huts out
on the pampas. but many more are the
poems or debt slaves of the whites and
the half-breeds. or Cholos, who own
most of the good land of the Andes l
have already described the condition of
THESE peoES III oIe pioSlIlCe VI el H.
The conditions are not so bad in some
of tine other provinces, and also in parts
of Bolivia. But everywhere the most Of
the Indians are little better than the
slaves of the landowners. and 50 far as
/ can learn but little attempt has been
made to elevate them. The Roman Cath
Ole Church which is such a great force
in our country. is practically dead as
far as any civiliZing work is concerned
on the Andean plateau. and it's priests
have either despaired of doing anything
with these Indians or they do not care
to attempt it. The field is. | believe, one
that that church should take up. The
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-07-19
industrial Schools g

The Request of an
Italian American for
the Indians About
Lake Titicaca-A ak
With the Farm Man
ager-American Plows
on the Plateau of b.
livia-Queer Supersti-
tions-The Industrial
Farm Near Cuzco
Which Has 10000
Acres - A Talk With
Bishop Stuntz About
South AmerlCa-Nh hat
the Church Is Doing in
an Educational Way.
Are Missionaries Wei
come?-A Great Intel
lectual Awakening.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-07-19

fortunate misfeasor feels the mailed fist
of the law.
Probably the most interesting phase of
work performed by the scientists of this
laboratory is that connected with the
regulation of the manufacture of smok
ing opium: regulation because. so far as
the internal revenue laws are concerned.
smoking OPIUM MAY &c Legally produced
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-07-19

1.4GN degrees Fahrenheit, drying ovens
polariscope and dark room for polari-
tiers. microscopes saccharometers scales
and balances. a refrSerating plant, re-
torts condensers etc
The laboratory is also emnently dis
tinGushed on account of having as A
part of its equipment tn. only govern
ment buffet in Washington, including in
its assortment every possible form of
alcoholic beverage or compound. The
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-07-19

of smoking opium. Therefore. in view of
the heavy tax imposed. practically all
the smoking opium consumed in the
United States is either smuggled in or
surreptitiously manufactured
1t is to detect such si.rreptitiouslN man
ufactured smoking opium that the serv-
ices of chemist of the internal revenue
la laboratory are called unon as no mere
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-07-19

The laboratory and corps Of assistants
under Mr. Adams supervision exert
powerful influence along diverse and
varied directions. For e instance. they
stand as 4 bulwark between the would
be adulterator of butter and of flour and
The unsuspecting housewife. They guar
antee to people bibulously inclined that
tire particular beverage desired is up to
the established standards regarding
quality They are constant menace to
certain distillers who. In more or less
infreouent instances. are more concerned
in evading the tax imposed on their
product than n paying the same.
They assure those among US who feel
TIE need Of the patent nostrums and
cure-alls that in most instances the
preparation vii, he bona fide medicine
and not an alcoholic beverage ingenious
iy disguised and sold at an exorbitant
figure And they strike terror TO the
hearts of those who are engaged in the
nefarious smoking opium traffic. In fact
il would be hard matter to find more
diversified lines of activities than those
pursued by Mr.. Adams and his cohorts
The laboratory where these scientists
labor is completely and thoroughly
equipped. There you will fnd every
form Of distilling apparatus, from a sim
pie pot-stiIl, made largely out of tin
cans captured from an unenlightened and
primitive 'moonshiner. to the latest
approved French double-chambered still.
The laboratory also contains a complete
experimental still. capable of producing
Whisky that will favorably compare with
the choicest private stock.
Every conceivable appliance that is re-
CURED by chemists is to be found in the
laboratory, including electric furnaces
capable Of producing a temperature OF
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-07-19

American people were the efforts that are
nov being made to start an industrial
mission among the Aymara Indians about
Lake Titicaca- l have been making in
auiries to this in my travels about
the lake and La Paz. and have found
the beginning of work that may form
the opening wedge for the civilization of
millions.
You have all heard of the semi-civilized
nations who inhabited this Andean pla-
teau shortly after Columbus discovered
America. at the time the Spaniards
came. The whole country was then peo-
pied with semi-civilized tribes. There
were the Chibchas in Colombia. the Caras
and Chancas of Ecuador. the Quichuas of
Peru, the Aymaras in Bolivia, and far
the, south the brave Araucanians. who
are said to have never been conquered.
The Chibchas were skilled in weaving
and the making of pottery. They had
paved highways and their farming was
carried to high degree of success. They
ha6 weights and measures. and cur
rency in the form of gold disks. The
Araucan:ans had a confederacy. and they
met in grand councils to decide their
public affairs. The Caras had a nigh civ
ilization. with A military and tribal or
ga1ization. and the Aymaras, who form
ed the chief race of Bolivia. were akin
to the Quichuas. those wonderful Indians
of Peru the subjects of the 1ncas.
At the time the Spaniards came. it is
estimated that there were from twenty
to forty millions of these Indians on the
high plateau of the Andes. They were
enslaved by Christian white race.
and the life was ground out of them. AS
late as 1910 the Peruvian Indians are
said to have numbered S.W0.UO. but 2O0
years later this number had dropped TO
1JOo,mO while that of the whole Inca
empire. which had numbered 3D.OOOOOO.
had been cut down to less than 4.0O0OOO.
Today the greater part of the popula-
tion of Ecuador is made up of Indians.
There are about 1.OnO,OS Aymaras and
Quichuas here in Bolivia. and there
more than twice many. mostly Qui-
ehuas. in the Peruvian republic. All of
these Indians are in low state OF civ
ilization. Not one in a hundred of them
can read write. and the great major
ity are more like animals than like civil
ICED men. They are mere hewers of
wood and drawers of water. Nearly all
are the slaves of the alcohol habit; all
soak their brains with cocaine. by chew
ing the coca leaf. and altogether they
are d race from whom active mentality
seems to have departed. They are noni-
nally Catholic: but allied to their Cath
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-07-19

deterrent to those inclined 10 slip by with
a little whisky without paying tax on the
same. Since this practice has been nau
curated the output of several distilleries
has significantly increased in no small
amount.
Also. under the internal revenue laws.
certain standards as to strength age and
purity are prescribed TO which various