davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-04-04

Culverts on the farm might be lik-
ened to the old Forty niner's' COM
ment on the practise of carrying a
pistol. AS he put it, gun was some
thing one might not need for a long
time. but when you do need it, you
need it pretty bad" Every farmer
will recognize the application.
Perched upon loaded wagon he has
driven out of field into his lane or
the public road and dreaded crossing
the intervening ditch that marked the
boundary. The down-pitch and jolt
of the wagon, then the strenuous pull
and wrench required to get 1t up the
other side of the ditch spelled wear
and tear in large letters, with too
often things actually broken or part
of the load dumped off. Again, there
is the place in the lane that every
torrential rain washes into a gully, or
the muddy ditch in close proximity to
the house or barn.
The farmer is foolish to submit to
all this annoyance, inconvenience and
evaporation, when 1t is so easy to
establish culverts that Will remedy
the situation effectually and perma
nently. With little effort and at small
expense he can put down imperishab BILE
concrete culverts.
Concrete culverts are built several
ways. The purpose is not to consider
the more complicated and expensive
types, but culverts of the most eco
nomical construction, such as will not
only take care of water, but serve as
little bridges over bitches or depres-
sions in a road or driveway.
For example, having determined the
rQ01Iirad qiZn of the pnlVpTt and hAV-
ing made the proper excavation, place
in the latter six inches of concrete,
consisting of one part Portland ce-
ment, two parts sand and four parts
stone, the stone graded from one
quarter inch to one inch in size. If
crushed stone is not available use one
part Portland cement and five parts
of gravel, if the gravel is clean and
we'll graded. After placing siX-inch
bed of concrete in the bottom of the
excavation erect board forms, as
shown in the accompanying drawing,
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-04-04
WHO'S WHO IN POULTRY
Series of Articles in Which Enthusiasts Describe the Fowls
They Raise and Tell Why They Like Them.
NO. 1s.-THE ANCONA.

ers, when the price of eggs is high.
And this, too, without any nostrums
or eoncentrted feeds.
6. Aneonas are excellent table fowls.
The meat is of a fine grain and of
good flavor; their skin is yellow.
Hens weigh from five to six pounds,
and cocks from six to seven pounds.
Z. Anconas are beautiful fowls, and
a flock of them always catches the
eye of a true faneier. They are an
ornament to any grounds Their
color is notified black and white, the
black background has a beetle green
lustre very pronounced the male)
and is flecked irregularly with white
tips on about 20 per cent. of the feath-
ers. The comb and wattles are bright
red, ear lobes white or creamy,
shanks clear yellow or slightly mot
tied. Their erect carriage and alert
ness put them in a beauty class all
by themselves.
8. There is an enormous demand for
stock and eggs, and Ancona breeders
are unable to fill the orders. / make
over $40 per hen per year from eggs
shipped for Matching, and sold ahead
from March ! to May 15 and have to
turn down many orders. Other breed
ers report the same conditions.
3. Anconas are not bred in a multi
tude of hues. There is but one color
the mottled. If a person wants An
conas / am ready to do business. and
don't have TO lose an order because
the customer wants brown and [
have buff. [ believe that it is too
confusing and bothersome if not ac-
tually injurious to have breed that
is made over into brown, buff, red,
white black, silver, barred, penciled
Columbian, partridge, etc If a breed
is satisfactory i'm all respects there is
no reason to create a multiplicity of
variations in plumage. The Ancona
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-04-04

year and one third for the full two
years is for whole and skim milk
BY far the most expensive period
in the life of the calf Is the first four
weeks, the cost being nearly dounle
that for any other four week period.
This high cost is occasioned by its
being dependent almost entirely upon
whole milk.
The man labor required in raising
a heifer IS about forty hours during
the first year and twenty-three hours
the second year. The total cost Of
man and horse labor for the two
years is close to IS. The manure
produced during the two years has
been valued at IS; consequently. tho
cost of labor is practically offset b4
the value of the manure.
The item. "other COSTS" consists OF
expenses usually overlooked in estf-
mating costs. These are interest,
charge for the use of buildings and
equipment, expense for bedding, mis-
cellaneous expenses, a share of the
general expenses for the entire farm
business, and charge to cover losses
by death and disearding. The total
for these forms nearly one-fifth o.
the total cost of the two-year- old.
heifer.
The foregoing figures show that It.
costs more to raise calves to matur-
ity than is commonly supposed, and
they support the advice which the
department is continually trying to
impress upon dairy farmers, that iC
does not pay TO raise any but thy
best heifers. Raising scrub heifersl
and selling them at $25 to $40 apiece.
as many do, is Improbable except OH
cheap land or under other very favor
able conditions. But 1t does pay to
raise the best heifers, for in good
dairy Sc. ions well-bred heifers ars
worth considerably more than $50
when two years of age. Further
more, dairy farmers as a rule are
obliged to raise their own stock, as It
is difficult to buy productive cows at
a reasonable price, In some sections
of the West where alfalfa is worth
only "a or S. a ton, or in the South
west. where pastures furnish feed the
greater part of the year, this cost
may be greatly reduced. Even winery
II costs $50 to raise heifer two.
thirds of this amount is charged for
feeds at market prices, a larger part
of which can be grown on the farm
at profit. Thus by raising the
heifers the dairy farmer finds a home
market for feeds grown on the farm
at remunerative prices and at the
same time aids in maintaining the
] fertility of the farm.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-04-04

The average net cost of raising a
dairy heifer one year old is 1882,
and of a two-year heifer s61.41. These
figures are applicable to most dairy
districts in the North and East and
are based ON data obtained from rails
ing III calves from birth to the time
they enter the dairy herd. The de-
tails, with n complete summary of
the invtGngation, have just been
published by the department of ag-
riculture in bulletin No. 40, under
the title of THE Cost of Raising a
Dairy Cow"
There are in the United States over
81 100000 dairy COWS. These figures
give some idea of the Importance of
this economic problem to the coun-
try as a whole, for these cows must
be replaced every few years. The
cost of the production of these heif-
ers is a large item in keeping down
the profits of the dairymen.
The new bulletin contains numer-
Gus tables and several illustrations
of the Jersey calves from which the
items of cost were obtained.
The most important item was the
cost of the food. which was estimated
at market value and amounted to
cost of the heifer, while labor formed
1917 per cent. of the cost.
Figures for the average net cost
of the -year-old heifer are as fol-
lows:
feeu ......'..'''....'..# .',s'.'.' 'Sz4.bi
Labor OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES. 4.45
Other costs OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES. 6.36
Iotal ...sst.. .H,....-... 300. 40
To this should be added the initial
value of the calf, which was esti-
mated to be $7.04, making a total cost
at the end of one year of $42.52. This
charge is justified in view of the fact
that dairy COWS are credited with this
item in determining the cost of milk
production. BY allowing So credit for
manure, it leaves a net cost of $39. 80
at the end of the first year.
Figures for the average net cost of
the two-year- heifer are as fol-
lows.
Initial value ...,...............-$ 10l
Feed Observation-Disclosures. IN. 81
Labor -. ...........'..... 81
Other costs ....................., 10. 70
$ 50. IL
Credit for anure............... 500
s 81, Al
One-half of the feed cost the first
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-04-04

the fruit will be well exposed to the
light and an attractive color and
flavor developed. An effort should be
made to keep the fruiting wood as
close to the ground as practical for
easy and economical thinning and
harvesting. Trees should be carefully
examined for borers, and all trees
suspected of being infected with yell
low or little peach should be prompt
ly removed. A cover crop sufficient
to afford some protection to the tree
roots should be found in each peach
orchard when it goes. into winter
quarters.
Fruit Trees on Hillside.
What is the best fruit tree to grow
on steep hillside in good soil?
Mendham. G. g.
1t is questionable whether 1t will
pay to set any tree under these con-
ditions; certainly it is not conducive
to the most profitable production. 1t
is not worth while to set fruit trees
on any hillside so steep that one can
not get on the land and spray the
trees. and setting in sod is only per-
missible on fruit land that cannot
profitably be titled. Cherries will do
better in sod than most other fruits
and probably need less spraying. Next
to them, apples.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-04-04
THE COUNTRY CALENDAR
Practical Hints About Things to Do at This Season in Garden
and Greenhouse, the Orchard and the Poultry Yard.

When you uncover the strawberries
do it gradually. This will enable any
new growth to become Injured to the
cold.
and other ramblers last fall uncover
them now and tie them to trellises.
Pillow or spade up the fruit garden,
especially if you planted green crops
in the orchard last summer.
If you are going to dig up young
plants of the blackberry, the work
must be done before the buds start
Plant some gladioli as soon as the
ground can be worked. Make success
sive paintings every two weeks until
July 4. 1t is a wise plan to plant the
smaller bulbs first, leaving the larger
ones until the warmer weather.
Seeds of hardy ANIMALS may be
sown in beds now for transpantng
later. Peoples and smaller plants
which do not take kindly to trans
planting, should be sown where they
are to grow
Get the sweet peas into the ground
as soon as 1t can be worked, the
earlier the better.
Get the vines that are wanted for
shielding the back porch and I'M
slightly fence started now. There are
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-04-04
Caring for Currants.

What care should currant bushes
have, when and how trimmed, etc. :?
East Orange. MRS. I. A.
Currants should have we'll
drained, rather rich soil. The soil
should be thoroughly prepared, then
marked either 5 by or by feet
The bushes should be well set back
at time of setting. On rich soil so
much growth will often be made the
first few years that many are apt to
be topheavy, especially If well loaded
All branches that promise this should
be shortened sufficiently to avoid
their laying on the ground when full
of fruit. Aside from this, only weak
canes and enough healthy ones to
give the bush light and balance
should be removed until they are
three years old. After that the Oldest
wood should be cut out each year, in
addition.
They need good feeding and good
culture. Good feeding means enough
nitrogen preferably stable manure
or cover crops) to give a satisfactory
growth of wood and color of foliage,
potash and phosphorus in rather
liberal amounts. For cultivation, pillow
up TO them as soon as the fruit is
picked, and cultivate In a cover crop.
This should be plowed away in the
spring, as early as possible, and cult
walton given both ways. Currants
also need spraying in early spring
with lime-sulphur, for scales, and
later, for currant worms, with either
an arsenical poison or hellebore. 1t
is necessary, also, to spray sometimes
with bordeaux for leaf trouble.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-04-04
trimming Peach Trees.

How should peach trees be trimmed
and cared for?
Belleville. L. .. M
Peach tree heads should be started
at from twelve to twenty inches from
the ground. The vase form Is pest
adapted to New Jersey conoltlohs'
This means the removal of the cen
traI branches so that sunlight is let
in and a freq circulation of air al
1owad Ths-eflr or -nVes leaders should
he secrecy cut back, and'ehA sf'atier
branches slightly thinned out, so that
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-04-04
killing the squash Bug.

What is the best way to get rid OF
the great beetle found on squash
leaves in the fall?
South Orange, L. h l:
The squash bugs to which you make
reference can be easily eliminated
by keeping the plants sprayed with
arsenic or arsenate of lead, during
the season, and in the fall, when the
weather becomes cool, by laying
boards around the garden and visit
ing them every morning, with a pan
In which there is kerosene. These
squash bugs will gather on the unael-
aide of the boards, and then may
then easily be gathered and killed
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-04-04
rropagatlng Grape vines.

How is grapevine propagated?
Roseville l.. f.
Commonly, the grapevine is propa-
gated from hardwood cuttings made
from the growth Of the preceding
year-that is, one-year wood. The
canes are cut in the fall, after the
leaves are off, and then cut into two
or three-bud lengths. They are
bundled and buried in the ground,
butt end up, so deep that they are not
affected by changes, The following
spring the cuttings are set in trenches
two or three inches apart and covered
up to the top bud.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-04-04

several good xmas, among them scar
let runner and hyacinth beans and
madeira, hop, cinnamon, cypress, and
balloon vines.
You should do little shallow snad-
ing in the herbaceaus border rtew,
by working in q little manure Dssep
spading may injure the roots.
+ When you are removing the mulch
from the bulbs and other beds, Do
1t gradually.
You may set out clumps of lily OF
the valley, golden glow cannas, dahl
las and tuberoSes as soon as the dan
ger from frost is over. Do not prunt
early Towering shrubs until after the
blooming period. You may prune now
the late-flowering shrubs, such as n.y.
drangeas. altheas and blue spireas, K
they require il.
Uncover the roses gradually and set
out some new ones. Sow seeds OF
ANIMALS both for bedding purposes
and to supplement perennials.
Keep the breeding stock out of doors
as much as possible. but look out for
sudden changes in the weather
Now is a good time to Gull the flock
closely Get rid of all the surplus
males not actually needed In the
breeding pans. They are expensive
| dodgers.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-04-04
ASK THE QUESTION Box
What You Want Know About Gardening Poultry and Coun'
try Problems Ans wered by Experts.

This service requisite for fun and
lem to OF
address Initials only
diseased plants
the plant sten and esses
question noA' o"''
n. j,
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-04-04
starting sweet Peas.

want to start growing sweet peas
and wish that you would give me
some planting advice. - -
Newark. 4,o
First of all, plant the seed at the
earliest possible day. Just as soon
as you can run a spading-fork INTO
the soil work it over deeply IN a
trench Work in liberal amount OF
very old and decomposed manure
most thoroughly. Rotted COW manure
is best. Spade the soil and rake II
very fine. Lay two marking INES.
two inches apart, and cut donple
furrow the length of the trench az
least four inches deep. Then sow the
seeds of the sweet peas thickly, say
one-auarter of an inch or so apart.
Cover with soil and tramp same hrrn.
" with board A three or four-toot
width of three-inch galvanized wire
poultry netting may be stretched
tightly with stakes of one by two
inch spruce Turing, pointed on one
end and driven into the ground. 20
this after the sprouts are through the
ground and train one row of the peas
on either side of the wire.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-04-04
Starting cucumbers.

Can cucumbers. squash and melons
be started successfully in a hotbed?
IrVington. ]. T. G.
a popular way of starting cucum-
bers, squash and melons is to plant "a
few seeds on inverted sods, from
four to six inches square, taking the
sod to the hotbed and cutting it out
in blocks. Another way is to SOW
seeds in strawberry baskets filed
with rich, fibrous soil. The trans
planting is easily done by cutting
down the sides of the basket and
sliding out the soil.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-04-04
Trouble with Alfalfa.

What is the matter with my al
falfa? [ had a good stand; it grew
until it was about ten inches Nigh
then turned yellow and disappeared
Pennington. NJ "a y,
The probability is that the sou
either lacked lime or proper inocula-
zion. Quite frequently alfalfa Will
make a good growth for even a year
or more then disappear for lack of
lime as a necessary food. This can
be easily understood when it is known
thai each ton of alfalfa hay will take
from the soil about forty pounds OF
lime. It may be, too, that the avail
able nitrogen in the SOIL was eN-
bansted and no nodules having form
ed on the roots, the alfalfa turned
yellow and died, as suggested, for
want of it. The course of action is
clear enough-lime and inoculatlon'
perhaps plant food.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-04-04

several good kinds. among them scar
let runner and hyacinth beans and
madeira, hop, cinnamon, cypress, and
balloon vines.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-04-04

Keep the breeding stock out of doors
as much as possible. but look out for
sudden changes in the weather,
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-04-04

. When you are removing the mulch
from the bulbs and other beds, Do
il gradually.
The Richmond climax. (Richmond, Ky.) 1897-1914, 1914-07-08
Gov. James B. MeCreary
Speaks.

Monday, county court day, Gov. Nc
Creary, according to announcement,
spoke here in the interest of his candi-
dacy for the U. S. Senate to the voters
Madison county. He was introduced by
Judge Rodes Shackelford to a large
audience. The Judge made beautiful
address, asking the voters to remember
Madisonians at the polls. The Governor
delivered an address which was listened
to with marked attention throughout.
He referred to the time when he first
made race in this county for the Leg
islature and in.which he was successful.
He spoke of the magnificent government
building which now adorns the city and
which he claimed the honor of having
obtained for Madison county. He spoke
also, of having been responsible for the
locks and dams of the Kentucky river;
of his efforts in obtaining an increase for
the benefit of the common schools; of his
advocacy of the geological survey; and
and many other things which he had
done to the credit of Madison county
He again assured the voters a.
| h did 10 his last race
that if elected he would not agar
be a candidate for Office, but OF course
reserves the right to change his mind
The Governor spoke with the vigor of 81
years ago and his address was listened I,
with marked attention. 1t was appar
ent 10 every one that they we're to cas-
soon their last vote for the "Old Wa
Horsel"
The Richmond climax. (Richmond, Ky.) 1897-1914, 1914-07-08
Child Labor Law Is Now In
Effect.

The child labor law, as passed by the
last Legislature, is now in effect.
Some of the special changes to which
public attention is called is that every
child between the ages of fourteen and
sixteen years must have permit to
work, even to the selling of papers. Ev-
cry newSboy holding this permit will be
given badge, which he is expected TO
wear as a demonstration of authority.
Another change is that no child be-
tween the ages of fourteen and sixteen
years shall be permitted to work more
than eight hours day. The former
provision was ten hours.
No child under fourteen is allowed tC
work at all.
Another radical change is in the nigh
messenger service No boy under TWEEN
ty-one years of age may now delive
messages after p. m. The age limi
for night messenger service was form
erly sixteen years.
In bringing about improved conditions
by. the enforcement of these laws thu
hearty cooperation of the employer ant
employe will be sought.
The Richmond climax. (Richmond, Ky.) 1897-1914, 1914-07-08
Of Interest To Farmers.

On July Is the Agricultural College
and Experiment Station will send from
Lexington an agricultural special train
which will traverse Eastern Kentucky.
This section is not so well adapted to
crops that require broad acres, but there
is no better section on earth for the pro-
duction of choice fruit and poultry.
Considering these facts the train is to be
especially equipped to give instruction
regarding the raising of fruits and vege-
tables and in poultry production.
The Bureau of Forestry at Washing
ton has become interested in the propo-
sition and is lending exhibit material,
etc., and there WILDE men TO lecture on
various phases of the forest interest.
1t is a sad fact that Eastern Kentucky
fails TO produce enough food to supply
its own people, and one object of the
special train is to awaken an interest in
providing better assortment and greater
quantity of fruits and vegetables for
home consumption as we'll as for export.
If this state of affairs can be brought
about the drain on the money earnings of
the average family will be lessened and
an additional source of revenue pro-
vided.
Everybody is welcome to visit this
train, see the exhibits and hear the lee
lures. 1t will be at
Richmond at GAS a. m, July 10;
Berea at ll:30 a. m j., July 10;
Brush Creek at 2 p. m, July Is;
Livingston at $50 p. m. July 10, and
will stay about an hour and half al
The Richmond climax. (Richmond, Ky.) 1897-1914, 1914-07-08
A Wild RUNAWAY.

Saturday night a horse driven by
Messrs Cotton and Hendr.n, of Kinks
vile, ran away for short distance on
Lancaster avenue. For a time il looke ed
as if the young men would be killed, as
the horse was frantic. and wholly
beyond control. He was headed against
tree in front of Capt John R. Pates'
residence by the boys, who showed won
derful self-possession and nerve. The
horse was started by one shaft falling
down and hitting him on the heels.
Byond the breaking of the shafts and
the frightening of the residents on Ian
caster avenue out of several years growth
No damage was done. though we must
not forget to say that Master John Pates'
new bicycle, which was on the sidewalk,
became entangl,d in the wreckage, and
can be bought for thirty cents. Johns
feelings were as badly disOrganized as
the bicycle, but otherwise his heath is
good.
The Richmond climax. (Richmond, Ky.) 1897-1914, 1914-07-08
|<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<"
NJ A R R | f D


The following from the Bourbon News
will be of interest TO our readers, as Miss
Tribble is a native of this county and a
sister of Mrs. James J. Neale and has
many friends and relatives in this city
and county who wish her life OF choic-
est blessings.
The marriage of Mr.. Ii: Vernon Leer,
of Bourbon county, and Miss Bessie w.
Tribble, of Richmond, was celebrated
Tuesday morning at 1890 o'clock at the
residence of their cousins, Mr.. and Mrs.
L. Theodore Smith, Lexington. The
house was beautiful with flowers and
growing plants. The happy couple left
Immediately for an extensive Eastern
trip by way of Old Point Comfort. New
York City, Atlantic City, Boston, Wash
ington City and other points. After July
Is, they will be at home at 44O Walnut
street.
The groom is son of Mrs. Monroe
Leer, of near Paris, and cousin OF Mr.
CORTLAND Leer, of Lex ington.
Pure, delicious ice cream at the Rich
mond Piano House, next door to Post
Office. 47-2t.