davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1914-12-12
Build for the Future.

Always keep in mind the fact that
to make poultry raising profitable It
is absolutely necessary TO build for
the future In other words. We work
today for results tomorrow.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1914-12-12
Best Remedy for Lie.

There ought to be a shallow box
full Of dust in eEry poultry house,
both winter and summer, and II should
be often renewed. A constant and
never-failing dust bath is the very best
remedy for lice.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1914-12-12
siIaae Doesn't raint Mix

Does silage fed to the dairy COWS
faint the milk? No, but the odor of
the silage. if allowed to get into the
milk in open pals, will faint it.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1914-12-12
CHICAGO Nav CHANCE Its Time.

Chicago. Dec. 4-Chieago may adopt
the Cleveland plan of tinkering with
the clock Representatives of bust
ness organizations will meet to con
slider adopting Eastern time.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1914-12-12

Manchester, England, Dec 4-To
give children of soldiers at the front
a chance to help earn living, hun
dreds have been employed by the city
to aid in killing rats.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1914-12-12
Treatinn Tree seeds

Tree seeds, pits and nuts for grow
ing tree seedlings should be mixed
with soil or sand and left exposed to
freezing.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1914-12-12
Pure Air for Turkevs.

Pure air and plenty of it is an alb
solute necessity for turkeys. They win
not bear confinement
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1914-12-12

A pane which viii not break readily
consists Of two sheets Of glass, with
q sheet Of celluloid between, the three
being cemented under pressure
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1914-12-12
Avoid Drafts.

No drafts in the poultry house at
night should be allowed Ventilation
must come some other way.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1914-12-12
Enna Ahsorh Oder.

The shell of an egg is porous and
win quickly absorb such odors as
kerosene, camphor, onions, etc
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1914-12-12
Fruit Growing Revived.

There is a very noticeable revival in
the fruit growing industry Of ali mid
de West states.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1914-12-12

Forward Movement Fear.
why did the new cook quit in
such a hurTy?''
Il guess she saw the boarders mo-
bilizing''
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-08-02
4 wonderful example or modern
engineering skill.

United States. II not in the world, IS
that of the famous house Of Baldwin in
Philadelphia, and the history OF the
founder OF that great establishment,
Matthias w Baldwin. shows how no
cessity turned a s!lversmith into a tnan-
ufacturer of locomotives. Trained in
the jewellers craft. in 1919 Mr. Baldwin
started out on his own account with n
small shop to pursue his craft The
trade slackcned in the course Of the
following six years and he then en-
tered into partnership with David
Mason, a machinlst. and started the
manufacture of bookhindcrs tools and
cylinders for calico printing.
That business became so brisk that
steam power was needed. and so an en-
CINE was bought This was unsatisfac-
tory and Mr.. Baldwin set about design
ing and constructing an engine to meet
the requirements of his shop The
room available made n necessary that
the engine should occupy minimum
of floor space. and ont of mis- necessity
was evolved an upright engine Of
novel and ingenious type.
Being the product Of ieweller by
training. its workmanship was Of espe-
Cial excellence. and It's performance n
credit to ITS maker. This brought 10
Mr. Baldwin outside orders for station
AIRY engines. and, with the growth Of
this business. Mr.. Mason soon after
ward withdrew from the partnership.
An account OF the Baldwin concern
tells how the manufacture OF locomo-
tives began:
I'm 1S29-30 the use OF steam as a
motive power on railroads had begun
TO engage the attention OF American
engineers. A few locomotives had been
imported from England. and one had
been constructed at the West Point
Foundry in New York city. To crafty
the public interest In the new motor.
Franklin Peale. then proprietor of the
Philadelphia Museum, applied to Mr.
Baldwin 10 construct a miniature loco
motive for exhibition In his establish
ment.
with the aid only OF the imperfect
published descriptions and sketches OF
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-08-02
Old lronsides, built in Philadelphia 1881. Abo

they know that II was not painted
The line was finally built. with George
Rennic as consulting and Stephenson
az principal constructing engineer"
The way for the partisan OF the steam
locomotive back in the POS of the
last century was somewhat akin 10 that
OF the traditional transgressor-ex-
tremcly hard. The directors Of railroad
enterprises were welded to the horse
for traction purposes, and visible evil
dences Of the powers of the steam en-
CINE made little impression upon con-
servative men. Such was the case
when the Newcastle and Carlisle Rail-
road was about to be built in 1925
However, Stephenson gained a con
cesslon-he was allowed TO put on the
line n single locomotive 20 be used in
hauling gravel trains during the period
of construction. Some months later by
reason of earnest pleading and per-
slstent opposition to the adoption OF the
horse, the authorities of that railroad
finally decided ito give the travelling
engine n chance" 4 reward of $500
was offered for the best locomotive en-
gine, and the following requirements
were specified:
/. The engine must consume It's own
smoke.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-08-02

the Government. Here is sample
One Of the trunk lines having It's
Eastern terminus on the Jersey shore
OF the Hudson sold to a junk dealer
100000 pounds Of old brass journals at
10 cents a pound, which was less than
the real value. to begin with. The ma
terial was loaded into four cars and
weighed at the shops. A sight draft for
$4,000, with bill OF lading attached. was
forwarded to the junk man, who paid it
So far all was lovely.
When the material arrived at its des-
tination a week later the education Of
the railroad began. Getting the proper
officer on the telephone the Junk man
pointed out that the railroad now had
his money. OF course he did not doubt
the honesty OF the railroad, but II there
should be a shortage what redress would
a poor junk man have? In tho interest
of fair play therefore, he suggested that
the company send representative to
watch the unloading and check up the
weights so that II there was any short
age there could he no question raised
SO emlnently fair proposal could not
be refused
The clerk who was sent over 10 check
up the weights found the Junk man
most agreeable person. The Junk man
took the clerk out to lunch the first
day and the next and the day after that.
ON each occasion they had a very nice
meal, with something better than by
drant water 10 drink. on the third day
the clerk was invited into the junk
mans office, where he WAS shown u desk
Uttered with $3.50 in bills of small de
nomination scattered to make the best
possible showing.
Would YOU Hike to earn this money -"
asked the junk man.
"Surcst thing YOU know
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-08-02
THROUGH NEW PROFESSION

How about that shortage OF 10000
pounds?"
I'm fix that"
Nhereupon Mr.. Clerk went down
stairs two jumps at time and pro-
ceedod 10 certify shortage OF 10000
pounds, which meant a rebate OF 81 700
for the junk man. on returning to the
office in the evening for the reward OF
his labor The clerk was handed a very
small roll accompanied with these
honcyed words:
sorry, old man, but had 70 use most
az that money this afternoon. But here
Is $50. III pay you the rest next week
Come out and have dinner with me this
evening and after that wen paint the
town"
When the clerk awoke the next morn
ing and felt for his money he had Just
$50 Tho juukman had picked his
pocket Of 800. leaving only the $50 as
the gross return for swind,iug his en-
ployer out of Sl,7O0,
The railroad officials thought the
large shortage SO extraordinary that an
investigation was ordered. which re-
vealed the whole story. Tho clerk made
"a full confession. and even the junk
mans own wcighmastcr testified against
his boss. with the result that the latter
was indicted for conspiracy. for grand
larceny and for obtainnG money
under fals' prctences. The ease never
came To trla. because the clerk, who
Vas the principal witness died. The
junk man was flnaiy forced to return
the $1,000.
Practically everything that a rail
road buys finds IT'S way in time to the
scrap heap. Hence there is an abundant
field for tho exercise of expert skill in
handling this old material, Much Of II
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-08-02

only four locomotives were submitted
for tho test. and out OF these but two
survived In tho end, and between these
victory went TO the Rocket of Stephen
sons design. This locomotive ultimate
~ ran at the rate Of from twenty-five
10 thirty miles an hour. drawing sin
gle carriage containing thirty passen-
gers. CA october s, 1879. the Rocket
Got up steam. starting with cold water.
in something less than an hour, and
hen. with thirteen tons of freight In
the train, ran thiry-iivc miles. inClud-
.Ag stop, IN one hour and forty-eight
minutes This was an impressive ad-
vance upon S'ephcuson's first essay of
itteen years before, and il was the per-
forn1ncc Of the Rocket that led TO the
iHtroduc lon of steam railroading in the
United states.
The reports made upon the British
locomotives reached this country in
1879, and Iloratio Allen, afterward
president OF tho Novelty Works in this
city, and tho first American 20 run a
locomu i've In this country. was asked
to advise the South Carolina Railway
Company as 10 the wisdom OF substi-
tuting steam power for horse traction.
Mr. Allen had been in England, and had
witnessed the trials OF the Rocket. and
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-08-02
Above-George Stephenson.

:, The engine, II OF six tons weight.
must he able 20 draw after Il. day by
day. twenty tons weigh; Gncludiug the
tender and water Tank at ten miles an
hour, with pressure of steam OF the
boiler not exceeding frty pounds TO the
square inch.
,. The boiler must have two safety
valves. neither Of which mus be fastened
down, and one Of them completely out cf
the control OF the engincmaIL
T. The engine and boiler must be sup
ported on springs. and rest on siN wheels
the height OF the whole not exceeding
ffteen feet 70 the top of the chimney.
>. The engine. with water. must not
weigh more than six tons: but an en-
CINE of less weight would be preferred.
on its drawing proportionatc load be-
hind II; II only four and une-hdIr tons.
then Il might be put only on four wheels.
The company 20 be at liberty 10 test the
boiler, &c. by a pressure Of $50 pounds
to the square inch.
8. A mercurial gauge must be affixed
to the machine, showing the steam pres
sure above forty-tive pounds 10 tho square
inch.
!. The engine must he delivered. COM
plete and ready for trial. at the Liverpool
end Of the railway, not later than Octo-
Der !, 1929.
s. The price OF the engine must no,
exceed 1850
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-08-02

can be reclaimed and made over into
something useful.
one railroad retaps three thousand
pounds Of old nuts a month al cost
Of cent pound. thus saving one cent
or more "A pound. Asbestos boiler lag
ging costs new $50 a ton. old tagging
can be ground up at a cost Of 81 % a ton
Canand made 30 serve Just as we'll as new.
steel brake beams used in freight ser
vice are prone to bend II reheatcd
for strengthening they lose 25 per cent.
of their strength and so are useless
The Illinois Central solves this prob
lem by reinforcing bent brake beams
with angle iron by 2ia inches. This
costs 90 cents and saves sl.2j on one
beam. As an average of 800 brake
beams are thus reinforced a month this
saves the company S62j month
one OF the ncatest savings devised by
the Illinois Central is in paint skins
and Stops. which are usually thrown
away. ON this road they are saved and
sent 10 thc paint shop. whore they are
mixed with raw oil and boiled, tho oil
taking up both the skins and the pig
ment and making paint at a cost % 40
cents "A gallon that is nsidercd better
than any that could he bought at $50
cents a gallon. This saves the company
an average of sl77 month.
Cars and locomotives that are no
longer suitable for service on the more
important railroads fetch good prices
from second hand dealers, who repair
them and sell them to minor roads IN
this country or ship them Ia South
America, whore there is considerable
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-08-02
RAILROADS TO SAVE MILLIONS OF d.

pr.ceswouId soar entirely out OF reach
Fortunately, though metals can be
used over and over again. or every
hundred tons OF metal purchased by
the railroads eishty-nVe tons ulu-
mately find their way back TO the
foundries and machine SHOPS TO be
converted into new articles that VIII
go through another cycle or Usefulness
to be returned IN due time to the
foundry. except for the small portion
worn into impalpable powder or
wasted.
OF course all this Is understood In
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-08-02
THE CENTURY BIRTHDAY OF THE TRAVELLING ENGINE

he declared that the engine was gaining
favor over the horse, ION the broad
ground that in the future there was
no reason to expect any material i'm
provement In the breed of horses. while,
In my judgment. the man was not llv-
ing who knew what tho breed of loco
motives was to place at command"
AS every good New Yorker knows.
Peter Cooper experimental with little
locomotive as early as 1s29-30 on the
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. At a
meeting of the Master Mechanics Asso-
citation here in 1875 Mr. Cooper Is said
to have related with great glee how,
upon one OF those trial runs, he aotu-
ally beat a gray horse attached to an
other car.
In 1881 that pioneer line in the trans
portation of freight and passengers on
comprehensive scale offered prize
OF $4,000 for tho most approved engine
to he delivered for trial on or before
June I. 1891. and $4,000 for the engine
newt best" The locomotive was not to
exceed three and II half tons in weight,
and on level road was required to be
able 20 draw day by day fifteen tons
Inclusive OF the weight of wagons, at a
speed of fifteen miles an hour.
That offer resulted in the production
of three locomotives. only one OF which
was capable of useful service. That
engine. named York. was built in York
Pa. and was constructed by Davis &
Gartner. after tho design of Phineas
Davis of that firm.
Davis was by trade and business
watch and clock maker. Nevertheless,
he buildcd well. and the York was the
progcnitOr of the grasshopper type Of
locomotive used for "A good many years
afterward on the Baltimore and Ohio
Railroad with much satisfaction. Three
of these engines built by Davis & Cart
ner were in active service on that road
for more than nifty years. an extraor-
binary record.
The biggest locomotive works in the
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-08-02

old bolts and iron suitable for making
bolts are sorted out. Strengthened. cut
~ lengths, threaded and turned In 10
the storekeeper. Coupler pockets are
sheared from the coupler by a hydrau-
lie press and reissued. Passenger
brake shoes that are no longer NJ for
high speed trains are taken Off and re-
issued for freight service. Nuts are
sorted to size and retapped. Journal
hearings are refined and sent back to
service. AIR hose Is refttcd often with
old couplings II too far gone to be
used whole the hose is spliced and used
for work train equipment.
Many track spikes and bolts reach
the scrap yard that are stlll good: So
they arc sorted out and reissued. Tie
plates and angle bars and railbraces are
sorted over. Plates are often repunch,d
while the braces are stra ightcned. when
they are as good as new. Old bridge
chan nels and angles arc made into
ouIl, iron face plates for cars. FROG
and switch parts are d.smantlcd and
the good parts arc rcasScmbled for use
IN manufacturing new frogs and
switches at the rail shops ScYap wool
!s sawed up for locomotive kindlng.
After all has been reclaimed r.ar -
possible under prescott methods an nm
menSc quantity of waste material still
remains that must be disposed Of In
some way. The now profession ot SCRAP
metallurgist Is cNpe ted 90 save millions
by working the retaining processes
moro scientifically, with less labor. for
every unnecessary handling Of such ma
tcrial means q dead loss in wages spent.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-08-02
THE discovery of a new profession

THE discovery of a new profession
by William Jacobus opens the
door Of hope TO the railroads
nope OF raising some OF the millions
'hey need. Mr.. Jacobus calls himself a
scrap metallurgist. He Is the first man
VINO has ever described himself in this
way or performed the duties implied
oy the title. In other words. he is the
nrst and only man to raise tho saving Of
ola metals TO the dignity OF a profess
son.
AS scrap metal expert IN the employ
t the Navy Department Jacobus proved
MS night to the title by saving the Gov
t'nent s. 600 900 a year. thus earning
praise In the 1913 report OF the Pay
"a't"r-General OF the navy. Now
oorroborating the compliments
me Faymaster-General by produc-
s equally gratifying results for the
'.erhorough Rapid Transit Company
W 10" York and tho Chicago City Rail-
NaHs Company Of Chicago, though on a
'"a.''r scale, OF course. Also he Is ar
,a'R'hI 10 undertake similar services
'' some Of the steam roads that will
''7' - the saving Of greater sums than
We navy job ana.
. 40 appreciate the possibilities OF the
XIV profession it is necessary TO remem-
'Nat the railroads use more metal
VARIOUS kinds than any other one
1Nf'I.. Their purchases of material
T., cato many million dollars "A year.
m
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-08-02

being square. Naturally he could not
compete with rivals who had fewer
computations about the niceties of
trade.
However. Jacobus evened the score
by accepting a job as scrap metal ex-
pert in the Navy Department, which
has immense quantities OF old material
TO dispose OF. The stuff had been sold
20 the highest bidders. The sales were
bonanza for those OF the junk men
VINO had an agreement not to bid
against one another any more than was
necessary 10 keep up appearances
Ihey would pay what seemed fair
market price for the STUFF. but would
then claim rebates and allowances on
one pretext and another that reduced
the net cost to about one tenth of tho
real value OF the material.
Jacobus went through the material
and selected what could be used over
again by the Department, which in itself
resulted in an immense saving What
was really scrap, unfit for other DISPOSE
ton, Jacobus sorted properly Then
when the auctioneer was ready Jacobus
made a few remarks.
lie announced tina, all metals would
have TO be sold in lots Just as he had
sorted them; that Government weights
would have to be accepted, and that
there would he no rebates nor allow
ances on any pretoXt whatever. When
the firSt call for bids was made man
stationed in the crowd by Jacobus for
that purpose made a bid which was Just
what the lot was worth. less an honest
profit. \ tremendous sensation followed
When the junk men came TO they fell
over each other in their haste TO bid
There was real competition at this sale.
The railroads have Jared worse
at tho hands OF the junk men Than
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-08-02
locomotive Of 1915.

1922 Stephenson was made engineer
OF the Hetton Railway. near Sunder-
land. line eight miles long. Five
of his iron horses were put In service:
and, at a speed of four miles an hour.
were able to draw a train OF seventeen
coal cars, or a total load OF sixty four
tons.
In 1923 Stephenson was made the en-
cheering authority for the Stockton
and Darlington Railroad. the line being
projected primarily to put the valuable
coal lands of Durham in touch with
tide water Prof Robert II. Thurston
has given an interesting picture OF that
period in the history OF steam railways
in England. He says:
"a railroad between Manchester and
Liverpool had been projected a. about
the time that the Stockton and Oar
lington road was commenced. The pre-
liminary surveys had been made In the
face of strong opposition. which did not
always stop at legal action and verbal
attack. but IN some instances led TO the
display OF force. The surveyors were
sometimes driven from their work by
a mob armed with sticks and stones
urged on by land proprietors and those
interested in the lines Of coaches on
the highway.
Before che opening OF the Stockton
and Darlington Railroad. the Liverpool
and Manchester bill had been carried
through Parliament, after a very deter
mined effort on the part OF coach pro-
prietors and landholders to defeat It.
and Stephenson urged the adoption OF
the locomotive 10 the exclusion Of
horses. Ii was his assertion. made at
this time. that he could build a loco
motive to run twenty miles an hour
that provoked the celebrated rejonder
OF a writer in the Quarterly Reriei1.
who was. however in favor OF the con-
struction OF the road and OF the use of
the locomotive upon It: What can be
more palpably absurd and ridiculous
than the prospect held out OF locomo-
tives travelling twice as fast as stage
coaches? We would as soon expect
the people OF Woolwich to suffer rhem-
selves to be fired off upon one OF Con-
greve's ricochet rockets as trust them
selves to the mercy of such a machine
going at such a rate
1T was during his examination before
a committee OF the House Of Commons,
during this contest. that Stephenson.
when asked, Suppose. now. one of your
engines to be going at the rate OF nine
or ten miles an hour and that a COW
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-08-02

were to stray upon the line and get in
the way OF the engine; would not that
DC very awkward circumstance re-
pied, Yes, very awl<ward-'for the coo!'
Ana when asked II men and animals
would not be frightened by the red hot
answered, But how would
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-08-02
zone Hundred Years Ago the Successful
lest of George Stephenson's First
Locomotive Took Place. Amer
lea Foremost in Art of
Building Iron Steeds

necessary mode OF functioning in every
modern locomotive.
Tnree years after HI, first effort
stephenson built a locomotive for the
Duke OF Portland to haul coal from
kiimarnock 10 Troon. For thirty one
years that engine operated. Late In