davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-04-17
ECONOMY THROWN
TO WIND In HOUSE
Amendment Adopted Increasing
Children's Bureau ApprOpri-
alton $4,000.
From TIE Tribune Bureau. J

Washington. April ls-The Appropr1a-
tons Committee, which tried various
economies in the legislative bill, was
again overridden by tho House to-day,
and notice was served that when the
measure is put on final passage to-mor-
row rollcall voices will be demanded on
a half-dozen amendments inserted during
the debate over the protest of Chairman
Fitzgerald and his indignant colleagues.
The House adopted on an informal vote.
ll3 10 %, an amendment increasing from
SIS. go TO sls4,slo the appropriation for
the Children's Bureau. The amendment
was offered by Representative Good, an
Iowa Republican, and was supported by
a score OF Labor group" Democrats and
practically the entire Republican men,
bership. The large increase in apprOpria-
ton. approximately $4,000, is 70 be used
in tho investigation OF infant mortality
and occupational diseases among children.
The appropriation for the bureau. as pro
posed by the Appropriations Committee
provided only for the salaries OF the
officials Of the bureau and limited inves-
tigat!on work.
When Southern Democrats opposed the
Good amendment to-day Representatives
Lenroot and Stafford. OF Wisconsin, ridi-
culed a policy which would appropriate
hundreds Of thousands Of dollars TO stamp
out hog cholera and cattle diseases and an
inconsequential sum for the babies"
Are hogs OF more importance 10 the
gentlemen IN charge OF this bin than the
children upon whom the strength OF tut
ure generations depends" asked Repre-
sentative Stafford.
When debate was closed on the bill late
to-day Chairman Fitzgerald and his Dem
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-04-17
VIVISECTIONIST ON
STAND In DEFENCE
University of Pennsylvania Pro-
fessor Denies Charges of
Cruelty to Dogs.

Phfsdelphia, April l6.-Bany physicians
and several trustees Of the University OF
psnn,yivania were In attendance to-day
on IN, trial OF Or. Joshua e. Sweet, q
member of tho faculty OF tho Medical
School Of the university, who is charged
With cruelty 10 dogs after viviseotion
on.rstions The court made IT plain that
the case had nothing to do with the law
fulness or unlawfulness Of vivsection-
Ms. Henrietta ogden. one OF the prin-
cipal witnesses, continued her Description
~ the dogs she had seen in the animal
house OF the university during the TWEEN
.v-hva months she had visited the place
10 purchase dogs 10 prevent thein ilo"
being operated on and TO get eVluehce'
She told OF seeing a dog with saPlns
wound and strings hanging from u ne
dogs operated on had been fed with 1000
that had fermented and was sour. she
said. Miss Bertha ogden corrooorated
much OF her sisters testimony.
Policemen and others testified that they
had seen the keeper o. the kennels feed
sick dogs with ferrnented food that ap-
neared 10 be garbage One witness said
that the keeper told him that the dogs
had 10 take that or get nothing Dr.
lame. c. CorIis, OF Newark. president or
the New Jersey Humane Society. said
that the treatment given the dogs at the
university ne described by witnesses was
wrong.
Counsel for Dr. Sweet declared that
everythinc possible known to science was
done for the comfort OF dogs that were
oDerated on and that they were humanely
asphvxiatcd when necessary. DIT sweet
also took the stand. In special cases, he
said. dogs got special diet. The strings
seen by a witness hanging from wound
OF one dog. he said were silk threads
that were used in tying together part
Of the stomach and We're not the loose
stitches where a wound had been sewed
M. In many cases. he said, the wounds
% dogs were not bandaged, science hav-
lnc taught that they heal better II prop
erlv treated. and not bandaged
Or. Alonzo r. Taylor another member
OF the faculty under indictment. denied
the charges of wanton cruelty after oper-
atoms In summer time. he testified milk
fed 10 dogs was sour. but he said IT was
not harmful.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-04-17
PHYSICIAN GETS
PRISON SENTENCE
DR.. Van Horn Denounced by
Court for Traffic In
Drugs.

Dr. John Van HON. who had offfces At
No. 4s West 3eth st, was sentenced yes
terday by Justices O'Keefe. Moss and
Salmon IN Special Sessions TO one year In
Sing Sing and fined 800 for tho Illegal
sale Of drugs.
Van Horn. who WIS once an assistant
superintendent Of DIT MacArthur's Sun
day school, r. the first licensed physician
to be convicted OF unlawful traffic in CO.
caine and morphine. He was denounced
by the court az menace 10 society. The
fact that he was in the habit OF supplying
drug 1ends was learned through the VIC
Tins themselves.
According 10 tho report made yesterday
by Probation officer Patrick Crimmins,
Van Horn had large and lucrative bust
ness Among his clients were many
wealthy persons.
1t was also stated by the probation Of
ticer that the physician supplied numer-
Gus drug distributing stations One OF his
places. at No. 40 West 3Sd St. was raided
several days ago and nine prisoners
taken.
Van Horn. II appears had large num-
in book. when he referred TO when
they applied for drugs. When on the
stand he testified that he gave out NOR
phine in cases where no was trying TO
cure q person OF the habit His plan was
to reduce the dose each time, he said
Under an assumed name, Mrs. Adele
Press. n police matron, went TO Van
Horns office on January 20 and asked
him FOR morphine. After consulting his
book he sold her half dram and accept
ed marked bill in payment Shortly
after this he was arrested.
THE defendants real name" said the
probation officer in his report. rs John
Jacob Horn. He states that he has been
IA physician for fifteen years and that he
was graduated from a college that has
since had IFS charter revoked. The sec
rotary OF the Kings County Pharmaceuti-
cal Society informed me that the de-
PENDANT was once a representative OF
this society and worked among physi-
clans endeavoring 10 have them discon-
tinue prescribing patent medicines lie
once spent thirty days in Raymond street
Jail tor illegally practising dentistry in
Brooklyn"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-04-17
PEGGY AND FAITHFUL BOB.

Tho second adventure Of Peggy
the.Puse" depicts a moonlight scene,
where a beautiful woman in glorious
Gown is listening to poetic phrases
from A Frenchman who adr,ires her
greatly. Peggy, accompanied by faith
full Bob, is enthraIed by the scene. She
is keeping her finger on the pulse of
you know. And then there
is an amusing surprise at the end. See
"a MoonIigh. Sonata occupying sn
entire page. most Of which is a p cinre
by Joseph Clement Coll. IN tl,, 'sx.
Sunday Magazine Of The Iribuna
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-04-17
FREE WINE NO VIOLATION
Manager of Healy's Dismissed
for Treating Detectives.

Wine "on the house" is no violation OF
the excise law. Two detectives and Pat
rick Coyne. manager OF Healy's restau-
rant, at Columbus ave. and S6th ST.,
learned this yesterday during a brief ses-
sion IN the West Side court with Magis-
trate Ten Eyck.
Coyne was arrested on April by De-
tectives Bolan and Fleming. OF Inspector
Dryers staff. They sand they entered
the banquet room at Healy's and were
served with wine at Coyne's direction,
while two vaudeville performers we're Civ
ing a dinner there. Then they arrested
him In court the detectives admitted
they didn't pay FOR the wine.
The case OF John Toris, a waiter at
IIoaly's. was continued. He was arrested
.hree days earlier FOR what apears TO be
a ,'Iullar violation.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-04-17
Find Life Savers Body.

Amityville. Long Island. April is.-Ths
body OF william Bennett OF the Jones
Beach Lifesaving Station, was found to-
day on a small island in Great South Bay
by Roy Burch, a surfman at the Gilgo
station. After a leave Of absence Bennett
left his home in Lyndhurst on March l
to return to his station. In spite OF gale
be put out over the ice in his scooter.
The machine was washed on shore few
days ago.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-04-17

stable with huge pasteboard box,
few sheets OF cardboard and some water
coors. was even in its inactlon a centre
OF attraction for the big crowd that gath
cred at IS Nassau ST. for the meeting
with which the Womcns Political Union
dedicated It's new headquarters in the
downtown district. Business men, mes
senger boys and girl stenographers gazed
and giggled at the marionettes represent
ing the suffrage states and investigated
the workings OF the wires.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-04-17
TOUR FOR LIVING MODELS
Voyage on Great Lakes Is
Planned for Next Summer.

Chicago. April IA cargo" Of living
models. gowned IN the latest creations de-
signed by Chicago dressmakers. will be
exhibited this summer at the principal
ports on tho Great Lakes. according 10
IN announcement to-day by the Chicago
Dressmakers' Club.
The dressmakers and designers who
Will take part in the fashion trip plan
70 charter a lake steamer about July !
and 20 stop AZ oil OF the lake resort cities
including Milwaukee Detroit, Toledo
Cleveland and BufTalo.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-04-17
WOMAN'S SUFFRAGE THEATRE.

barring the clRmor that arose from peo-'
pic who were seeking admittance.
Questions were invited by all the speak
ers
There will he meetings every day for
month and performances in the suf-
frage theatre. once week a bovy OF
pretty debutantes will don "a panoply OF
suffrage badges and call at the shops
and Offices OF the district with purple.
green and white pencils. blotters and but
tonhole bouquets.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-04-17
ALASKA BREAKS: UTAH WA VERS;
SUFFRAGE THEATRE IS DARK
Downtown Section Disappointed When Setting tor Cause
Show Fais-Crowd Attends W. P y. Meeting. How
ever and Hears Womans Plea for Votes.

The formal opening OF the suffrage
theatre, announced 10 take place yester-
day at noon, at Sc Nassau st, was post
broken in transportation-can be mended.
and Utahs makeup can be fixed and If
the wire needed to operate them and the
other characters arrives. the first play
Will be given to-day.
The theatre. made by Miss Anna Con-
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-04-17

Mrs Harriet Santon Batch. Mrs. John
Rogers. jr. Mrs. Henry Wise Miller.
Mrs. T. Livingston Hunt. Mrs. Norman
de r. Whtehouse. Mrs. Emanual Elm
stein Mrs. Marcus NJ. Marks and Mrs.
Francis Maule Cooley were some Of tho
women who managed the meeting yes
terday Miss Helen Todd. Miss Rose
Winslow Miss Fola la Toilette. Mrs.
Rogers and Mrs. Whitehouse were the
speakers, and had an attentive audience.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-04-17

ocratic allies on the committee facing
campaign promises Of economy. were N
an angry frame Of mind Notice vas
given that rollcall vote yil be asked
tomorrow or. amendments retaining th5
mileage grab increasing the salary of
secretaries 10 House members, retaining
the Assay Office at Helena. Mont, and
increasing tho allowance for the Chill
drens Bureau.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-04-17
Fire Coats Slit; Offer Reward.

Dobbs Ferry. y. Y. April 1.-THE board
OF trustees of this village offers "A reward
OF 500 spot cash for the detection and APP
prchcnsion of the mscroant who entered
length or hose separated the tops from
tho bottoms Of the rubber boots of the
nrcrlcu and slit every rubber coat up IN"
back Spite or an inceudiary design Is
thought 10 have inspired the slashsr-
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-04-17
Howell Gets $4,000 Bridge job

Joseph j. Howell. Of 90 Oakland ST.,
Brooklyn. was yesterday appointed sec
rotary to the Bridge Department at
salary Of $4,000, TO succeed Edgar E.
Schiff. who resigned some time ago
The appointment is personal one OF
bridge Commissioner Kracke. Mr.. Hol-
well IS a Republican. He is associated
with his father in manufacturing sound
hon I'd
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-04-17
Fordham Law School TO Dine

The seventh annual dinner OF the Ford
ham University School OF Law viii be-
held tomorrow night ar O'Clock at the
Hotel Manhattau There is every indica-
ton of large attendance. Tickets are
20 be mad ~ the school. 80 Nassau st.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-04-17

E%WO requisites of useful country uitsty and practical
bily-are qualities of this model of white corduroy The
M piece. but full enough allow for the free
swinging 'crosscountry walk The coats novel
the strapped sleeves belt to match and the BRAIDED
rolling The has braided brm matching the
black wings the side This suit would be
equally serviceabe made of Scotch tweed
which may be reproduced moderate prices follow on
Saturday.
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1914-08-14
MANY PRIZES AND TROPHIES
AT WIZARD ROUNDUP FIESTA

The wizards Roundup. the great
outdoor exposition Of western sports
aud psstlmes 70 be held at Salt Lake
c,ty IN connection with the Wizards
Carnival. August 25-2s. gives promise
II becoming the premier event Of its
class In this country. Situated In me
center 81 the region from which talen,
and material must be drawn Tor these
shows. and offering as they have the
most valuable list of prizes In cash and
trophies ever before given. Il IS now
evident to the wizards Wards that
salt Lake city IS destined 10 take the
lead Ia these events. and they have acc
eerdlngly decided 60 make the Wiz
ards Roundup an annual AFFAIR Car
loads of wild horses from the Jackson
Hole district. outlaw buchng horses
from the ranges of six western states
and oid Me2ico. together with hun
dreds az cowboys. cowgiris. plainsmen
and Indians who. through participation
in similar shows throughout the eoun
try have proved themselves 10 be tho
perfes ton Of the profession, win per
form 10 dinicult and dangerous teats.
Twenty i've events are scheduled upon
she daily program, including the
wizards Pnshbal contest. for which
the wizards Wards have purchased -
$500 pushbalL This thrilling sport Is
81 recent origin and has never before
been seen Ia the west IN the diversified
scope II viii be played at the Wizards
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1914-08-14
SOME OF THE BIG TOWNS

They took a census of Buenos AFrsz
the other day and found 1,56O,163 noses
to count. The capital of ArgepfiR&
is getting to be quite a town-ahSzs
twice the size of Cleveland or such e
matter
A good many of the big burgs OF thE
earth are hidden away in inconspA-x-
Gus locations; inconspicuous, that Is.
because far from the range of ozasx
daily observations. There is Toxic, fSr
instance This Japanese city had nssx-
ly two million and quarter peaxSz
five years ago, being almost as lsrEz
as Chicago. Canton and Picking II
China, each has a population estimate
at 100000. One does not know TIE
precise method of computation in SKssal
cases. They may count an occasSoEx2
Chinaman twice on account of fh2
length of his pigtail, but the fact re--
mains that off there in the Orient ara
three of the ten most populous cif5Gs
of the earth.
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1914-08-14
ENTERTAINED SUNDAY SCHOOL,

on Tuesday afternoon at the Lands =
borough home Mrs d. G.. Mitchell en-
tertained her class Of girls Of the Bap-
list Sunday school The amuaements
were dressing OF clothespin dolls, maxi
ing peanut animals. and various other
games. Al five. Ice cream, waters and
punch were served after which the
guests departed. all wishing the after
noon had been longer Those present
were Marie and Helen Johnson, Elsie
McCuImm Virginia and Florence Bow
Ter Anna Markham. Helen Fields, Ruth
Forbes Ruby Saruthcrs, Mary Wright
Iva aud Agnes Alexander. Mabel Ma
son. Luella. Muriel ana Marjorie
I.andsborough, Mrs, Mitchell and Mrs.
marlborough.
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1914-08-14
SIX POUND TROUT ARE
PLENTIFUL IN BIG WOOD.

Mr.. and Mrs. Fred A. -Monson. Misg
Ida Christopherson and Carl Brant
returned Monday evening from fish
ing excursion on the Big Wood river
above the Little cot,onwoods, where
they spent a week hooking speckled
beauties. Mr.. Brant says they caught
a thousand trout. Several Of the fish
they coaxed into their fish sacks tipped
the beam at six pounds-that is. six
pounds each. Fred Gwin went up in
his auto Monday afternoon to bring
the party back. and In an hours time
be caught enough OF the inny tribe to
furnish a big feed for dozen people.
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1914-08-14

s., of range l6 E., B. NJ, do hereby
give notice of my intention to make
final proof to establish my claim to
the land above described. and 1 eX-
pect to prove that l have resided on
reclaimed and cultivated said land as
required by law, before o. A. Truman
representative state land board at
Shoshone Idaho, on the 22d day of Au-
gust, 1914, by two of the following
witnesses:
John A. Parry, A. NJ. Comes. Charles
Mills, and Arthur T. Cathall, all Of
Haddock, Idaho.
CLARENCE T. MORSE. Enrtyman
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1914-08-14
$500 REWARD! I

The Elmore County Protective Live
stock Association offers STANDING
reward of 5000 for the arrest and con-
wction or cause OF arrest and convic-
ton OF anyone stealing live stock be-
longing 10 members OF said associa-
ton.
Following are brands used by mem
beers OF this association:
N on left hip over on right side
quarter circle over W; pitchfork on
right side: Catholic cross on left hip;
ED on loft hip; on ON right hip; FF
on left hip. X on left hip; Spear head
on left hip. mo on left side
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1914-08-14
NOTICE TO CREDITORS.

ESTATE OF CHARLES TURNBULL,
DECEASED.
Notice is hereby given by the I'M
dersigned Administrative of the estate
of Charles Turnbull, deceased, to the
creditors of and all persons having
claims against the said deceased, to
exhibit them with the necessary
vouchers, within ten months after the
first publication of this notice. to the
said Administrators at Shoshone. Coun-
" of Lincoln. state of Idaho.
Dated Aug. s, 1914
ELLA NJ. TURNBULL.
Administrative of the estate of
Charles Turnbull. Deceased.
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1914-08-14
READY TO HAUL BIG CROP.

J. 3. Evans of Salt Lake, who will
represent the oregon Short Line be-
fore the state board of equalization.
is stopping at the Owyhee. The Short
Line has holdings In all of the south
ern counties Of the state and there are
OF opinion between the
railroad and the assessors in all of
them as to valuations. but the differ
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1914-08-14

Twin Falls boy scouts to the mum
Der of sixty, who had camped at Ketch-
UNI for ten days. returned TO Shoshone
Thursday evening on their homeward
way. The boys came into town with
a whoop and boiler. about as whole
lunged body Of youngsters as ever
came this way. DR.. Shepherd. Twin
Falls minister of the gospel. had the
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1914-08-14

band in charge and they Travelled IN
an automobile truck. In the eating
there was regular drill and ousss,oz
pastimes and games, hunting. fishiaz
etc, which all enjoyed with great ben
eft to the boys.
A social for their friends has hey
arranged by the ladies of the Ssassx
Club this Saturday evening on tar
Courthouse yard where a musical
program will be provided and rsfzssaz-
ments served.
Frank LaRue and family Of Rupert
passed through Shoshone on Szaszcg
evening on their way home fron the
where they had been cazaF-
ing for several days.
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1914-08-14

me fair idea Of your troubles and
how TO handle them.
This year the judges are to be chosen
without regard to political belief or
party amllaton. This is as it should
be. and | shall not discuss politics.
Trusting l may have your favorable
reply on election day, l respectfully
submit my case.
ndv) EDMUND NJ. WOLFE.
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1914-08-14
FOR SHERIFF.

T hereby announce myself as q can
didate on the Republican ticket for
the Office OF sheriff OF Lincoln County.
subject To the coming primary Sept.
!, 1914. have been County Jailer and
Deputy Sheriff for the past six years
and believe that the experience and
training gained thereby Is an asset the
Electors should not overlook in select
ing their candidate sept. l.
CLARENCE WHEELER.
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1914-08-14
EOS AssEssoR.

I hereby announce myself eandi-
date for the Office Of Assessor Of Lin.
coin County. subject to the Repub
lean primaries, Sept. /, 1914, and if
nominated and elected I shall endeavor
60 perfom the duties of the office with
fairness to all. L. I. JOHNSON.
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1914-08-14
NOTICE FOR PUBLICATION.
Final Proof.

]. Clarence T. Morse. Of Haddock.
Idaho. who made Entry No.. under tho
provisions OF an act OF the legislature
OF the state OF Idaho commonly
known as the Carey Act approved
March End. 1899. which embraces
SEN NWt4 Of section of township
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1914-08-14
FOR SHERIFF.,

hereby respectfully present myself
candidate for the Office of sheriff of
Lincoln county subject to the Re-
publican primaries 1 have been con-
nected with the sherih's department
for the past five years. If nominated
and elected, l promise to perform the
duties of the office to the best of my
ability. a. f. TAGE.
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1914-08-14

desire e. announce my candidacy
for the office Of District Judge OF the
Fourth Jaaicial District OF Idaho II
shc Primary 10 be held September l..
1914
i am IN thorough accord with the
spirit Of the law that now makes this
office nom partisan. Ia making this
announcement I wish 20 direct the
attention OF the voters OF this District
20 my past record as Prosecuting At
torney OF Old Lincoln Couaty and also
such litigation Of record in the Dis
trict as may be Of interest or benefit
in assisting to determine as TO my
competency and integrity.
JAMES r. boutwell,
July ff-Sep l.
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1914-08-14

FOR SALE-Voss Sunshine Wash
err and Wringer and about 7 dozen
quart Mason fruit jars. Apply at the
Clark residence North Side, near
Oliver Dunn's.
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1914-08-14

Mr.. Brant and Miss Christopherson are
again at work in the Golden Rule. and
Mr. Monson is back at the forge. cured
OF the attack Of ptomaine poisoning
which came upon him shortly before
he went fishing.
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1914-08-14
POLITICAL ANNOUNCEMENTS.
FOB STATE sENAroR.

| hereby announce myself as a re-
publican candidate for state senator
subject to the coming primary cleo
ton II nominated and elected. no
sectional or personal favoritissu VIII
be countenanced by me as a member
of the legislature, but 1 shall endeav-
or 20 serve the people as a whole To
the best interest Of the county and
state. L. NJ ZUG.
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1914-08-14

ences are said by Mr. Evans to be
only veneral. He says that his road
expects to move one of the largest
crops in it's history this year and that
1t is prepared to handle the crop in
good order, having a large amount OF
rolling stock at its command States
man.
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1914-08-14

came 10 Mountainhome in 1891 and
have pFacticed law here ever since
The people have been very good 10 me-
For q lawyer, I have made a good
living
II not elected. shall not blame my
friends because they are not response
bic FOR my running However, I do
now urge them, as well as my ac-
qnaiuancos. and an OF the voters of
the district, 70 give me their earnest
support The twenty-three years prae-