davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The citizen., 1914-03-19
FARM MANURE


The following is a prize paper
prepared by Henry Murrel a MEM
ber OF Prof. Clark's soil fertility
class. II is strictly scientific and
thoroughly practical and is worthy
Of the careful study of every farmer
that reads The Citizen.
Good farmers nowadays realize
the value of a good manure pile, and
are studying means for its accumu-
lation and preservation, so that O
good supply may be on hand every
year TO fertilize the land and in
crease the crops. The value and
Importance Of manure should be
studied by every farmer, because
IL is one Of the means by which he
increases his wealth and builds up
the farm.
There are a number OF elements
which influence the value Of ma
nure. In the first place the quality
Of the food fed TO the animals. Those
fed on food substance which is low
in fertilizing elements will produce
"a manure Of low value. Also the
age OF the animal determines the
value Of manure, as the young ami
mails remove nitrogen TO build up
muscle and body tissue and calcium
and phosphorous TO build up bones.
Mature animals remove little OF
these elements, therefore manure
from the older animals is more val
liable than from young and grow
ing ones.
Also the urine and excrement OF
some animals contain more plant
food than others. Likewise the use
Of litter. in quality. quantity and its
absorbing powers. Another great
factor which influences the value Of
manure is its conservation. What
ever the method of preserving ma
nure. the objects are TO prevent,
first, the ammonical fermentation,
second. the evaporation Of ammonia
from the urine and manure, third,
the activity Of the denitrifying or
ganisms.
To save manure il should il pos
sible, be. kept in a watertight re-
ceptacle TO prevent loss from drain
age; under cover TO prevent leak
ing; compact and moist TO prevent
rapid heating. and chemical absor-
bents may wisely be added TO insure
gainst evaporation Of ammonia.
Manure should be kept compact,
moreover, in order TO prevent too
large formation Of nitrates. The
principal part OF the nitrogen must
enter into combination as nitrates be
fore il is available TO plants, but this
change goes on more safely in the
The citizen., 1914-03-19
MOUNTAIN AGRICULTURE
Conducted by Prof Frank Montgomery
Husbandry and Special lnve stigator.

soil than in the manure heap. There
is danger that IL IL be allowed TO &c
on too largely in the manure hear
considerable share of the nitrates
may be destroyed by the denitri-
flying organisms that live in the
lower part Of the heap. The more
nearly manure is kept under con-
ditions similar TO those which greer
folders are kept in a silo, the more
certainly will Is valuable elements
be conserved.
Another good method in the saw
ing Of manure is good stable con-
struction and management. II is
evident that any loss OF urine or
fluid part OF the cxcrets seriously
decreases the value of manure. YET
it is TO be feared, that there are
many farmers who act as II they
believed such loss TO be unimpor-
tant. In many stables the valuable
urine is allowed TO waste, either
through the cracks in the floors or
seeping through the ground, with
out any effort being made TO save IL
on the part Of the farmer. In other
cases, the manure when removed
from the stables is thrown in heap
in the. open air, where the rain and
in some cases the water from the
roof soakes through il, carrying
away a considerable quantity of the
soluble and most valuable elements.
Such stables where no provision is
made for the protection Of manure
are far too many.
The application OF the manure to
the field cannot be recommended in
any definite way because the ply
sical condition Of every farm is not
the same, but whenever the fields
are level, IL is most economical to
haul manure TO the field soon after
IL is made. This could not be ad-
vised on rolling land as loss will
incur through teaching and erosion.
Top dressing is good on level mead.
ow fields, that is il manure is not
too coarse. When the manure is
coarse and in an unrotted condition
IL is then best TO plough il under.
From the application Of manure
the soil gains a three-fold benefit.
The first is the manure adds plant
food material TO the soil, since
through its decomposition the valu-
able elements of PHOSPHORUS and
potash are made available from the
soil minerals containing them. In
the second place bacteria are add
ed 10 the soil, which attack not only
the manure itself, but also the soil
material, and in the last place il
increases the holding capacity of
water, and keeps the soil loose and
workable for the growth Of roots.
The citizen., 1914-03-19
TO DISCOURAGE BRooDY HENS
There Are Many Ways Of BrsskIns
up Broodlness-coop With sIst.
ted Bottom 10 Excellent

The end Of the breeding season
seems to be the appointed time for
hens to get broody. Earlier In the
year when their services wonld have
been most welcome great difficulty
was experienced In finding sufficient
10 sit on the desired number OF eggs.
August is too late for the utilizing OF
their broodlness. unless a few duck
eggs be set under some OF them. At
this time. too. the scarcity OF eggs
makes II the desire OF oil poultry
keepers to break up their "broodies"
and have them laying again as soon a.
possible.
There are many ways CT breaking
hens OF broodiness, and the more bar
barous ones such as tying the hen up
by one leg. throwing cold water over
her. or making her stand In water
should be forgotten and practiced no
longer. The same and better results
can be obtained by more human meth.
DDS.
Placing the hen in IN Ordinary coop.
with = Slated bottom. and suspending
the coop from the ceiling OF tho
scratching pen about a foot above the
floor BY wires or chains attached to
the four corners has been found ef1.
caoious. A gentle swing whenever en-.
tering the pen will soon make the
birds desirous OF Joining their more
busy companions. A little EPSON
salts given In a mash and an abundant
supply OF green food should be given.
All foods which have the slightest
tendency toward heat production. such
as corn meat .scrape, etc. must be
The citizen., 1914-03-19

The church Of Chesterfield parish in
England IL famous throughout the
world for its twisted spire. Thousands
Of persons from all parts Of the world
visit this curiosity every year. None
seem to be able to explain the reason
for the twist in the spire. but 1t Is sup
posed that the action Of the sun has
warped the oak framework Of this 200
year old steeple. No matter which
way you look at the spire. it always
seems to be on the verge OF topplins
over. but although 1t is several inches
off the perpendicular, experts say 1t is
perfectly safe and in no danger what
ever Of falling.
The citizen., 1914-03-19
AIR MACHINE FOR MEXICO.

Williamsport, PA monoplane.
said TO be capable OF carrying two per-
sons at a rate OF 60 miles an hour,
was shipped by local inventor to Col.
Carlos Allen Vallejo. OF the Mexican
federal army.
The citizen., 1914-03-19
INTERNATIONAL
SUNDMS01OOL
LESSON

By r. o. sELLERs, Director Of Evening
Department. The Moody Bible Institute,
Chicago)
The citizen., 1914-03-19
MnhhaId MraHeMn

Withheld Tor a Few days.
Take the bird in time. II is prac-
tically impossible to break q hen
after allowing her to sit on q nest
for two or three days.
II should always be remembered
that In the ordinary course of nature
hen that has laid persistently all
winter and spring. demands a short
rest. which broodiness gives
The citizen., 1914-03-19
EARTH is THlCKEST

Scientists have figured that the
earth is thickest along an imaginary
line drawn from the top OF Chimbo-
razo, a mountain in Ecuador, and a
point on the coast OF Sumatra. where
the land is fairly high.
The citizen., 1914-03-19
KEEPING ACCOUNTS ON THE
FARM
Mr.. r. M Livengood Tells How
Know what your Capital Is


Every farmer should keep such
books Of account as will enable him
to know whether he is getting ahead
in the world or running behind.
Before the farmer can know ex-
actly how much he has made or lost
in year, he must know two things.
First, he must know the amount Of
his net capital at the beginning Of
the year. Second, he must know the
amount Of his net capital at the end
Of the year.
II the net capital at the end Of the
year is greater than the net capital
at the beginning Of the year, there
has Of course been gain equal TO
the difference between them.
On the other hand, if the net cap
ltal is less at the end Of the year
than il was at the beginning, there
has been loss amounting TO the
difference between them.
To find the amount Of his net cap
ital, the farmer should prepare two
lists, one Of his resources, and the
other OF his liabilities. Subtracting
the total Of the liabilities from the
sum OF the resources will show him
exactly where he stands. This diff
ference is the net capital.
What Your Resources Include
The resources will include money
in pocket and in bank; promissory
notes of other people; unpaid inter-
est on such notes; all amounts for
which other people are in debt TO
you on open account; lands; build
ings; horses, cattle and other live
stock; grain and growing crops; hay
and fodder; farm machinery, tools
and implements; harness; unexpired
fire insurance, and all other property
which he possesses.
What Your Liabilities Include
The liabilities will include mort
cages or notes which you have given
to other people for money they have
loaned you; all debts on open ac-
counts which you owe other people;
unpaid interest on notes and mort
cages; unpaid wages due to hired
help; unpaid taxes; unpaid rent, and
any other debts or claims which
other people hold against you.
The best time for a farmer to pre-
pare these two lists of resources and
liabilities is in late winter or early
spring, when as a rule other work
is lightest, and there is the smallest
quantity of property on hand.
As explained above, subtracting
the sum Of the liabilities from the
sum Of the resources will give the
net capital.
The Test of Gain or Loss
II the farmer will in this way find
out the amount of his net capital
now, and then in similar manner at
the same time next year find his net
capital, he will know exactly, to The
last dollar, whether his years work
has made or lost money for him.
II he finds that his net capital has
increased, he is making money. II
his net capital has diminished, he is
losing money, and should either cut
down expenses or increase his pro-
ductive activities, or do both.
Inventory
The making of list Of the imple-
ments, stock, feed, and crops on hand
may be called an inventory, and
April tst is perhaps the best date.
An example of such an inventory
and statement of resources and
liabilities will be given next week
by Professor Clark.
The citizen., 1914-03-19

LESSON TExT-Luke Is:1s-N
GOLDEN TExr-"Not every one that
saith unto me, Lord. Lord, shall enter
into the kingdom Of heaven; but he that
doeth the will Of my father who IN in
heaven."-Matt IN
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1914-10-23

more Of total amount Of stock. If
not a corporation, give names and ad-
dresses of individual owners.)
The Enterprise Printing & Publish
ing Co., Stockholders:
W. E. Hannaford, Virginia, MINI.
Thomas H. Noodle, Virginia, MINI,
R. R. Bailey Virginia, MINI.
C. E. Moore, Virginia, MINI.
H. O. Johnson, Virginia, MINI.
A. L. Hearn, Virginia, MINI.
C. M. Doorway, Virginia, MINI.
W. ]. Markham, Virginia, MINI.
D. N. Mckenzie, Virginia, MINI.
M. E. Richards, Virginia, Mimi.
Harry Osterberg, Virginia, MINI.
A. B. Coates, Virginia, MINI.
Andrew Hawkinson, Virginia, MINI
Edward Boyle, Virginia, MINI.
Peter Western, Virginia, MINI.
M. J. Murphy, Virginia, MINI.
Alexander Savolainen, Virginia
MINI.
Andrew Grande, Virginia, MINI.
George F. Shea, Virginia, MINI.
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1914-10-23
Aldermen View Addition.

The members Of the city council,
acting as a committee of the whole,
went to the Williams addition on the
west side of the city this afternoon to
inspect the property for the purpose
of determining whether the addition
should be accepted by the city. When
the matter Of accepting the Williams
plat came up at the council meeting
last Tuesday evening, the councilmen
refused to accept it until they could
have visited the land and inspected
it as to drainage, highways, etc.
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1914-10-23

Deputy Sheriff Arthur O'Dea left
for Ely this afternoon on official bust
ness.
Miss Marion kellogg of Duluth who
has been visiting in Virginia for sew
eral days left for home this noon.
J. H. McKinnon, general agent of
the D. w. & P. railway was a bust
ness visitor in Virginia this morning.
H. D. Cole of the land department of
the Duluth & Iron Range railroad, goes
to the head of the lakes on business
tomorrow.
Attorney Charles T. Murphy of Au-
rora, candidate for representative from
this district who has been campaign
ing in Virginia, returned home this
noon.
Mr.. and Mrs. Donald Cameron of
Port Arthur who have been visiting in
Virginia left this morning for Du-
luth where they will remain until
Monday.
William Bender of Cadillac, Mich,
who has been visiting in various range
cities for several weeks with a view
to locating in business, and who was
in Virginia yesterday, left for Inter-
national Falls last evening.
D. E. Brier, travelling freight agent
for the Great Northern, was visitor
in the city this morning. Mr.. Brier
says that the Great Northern's freight
business in the Mesaba range country
lis increasing instead Of decreasing
'despite the general business situation,
which he believes will be considerably
improved shortly.
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1914-10-23

W. A. Kiley, Virginia, MINI.
P. J. Erickson, Virginia, MINI.
E. C. A. Johnson, Virginia, MINI.
O. B. Wood, Virginia, MINI.
Frederick Mackey, Tarpon Springs,
Fla.
Known bondholders, mortgages,
and other security holders, holding l
per cent or more of total amount of
bonds, mortgages, or other securities:
Mergenthaler Linotype Co., New
York, N. Y. (On linotype only.)
Average number of copies of each
isue of this publication sold or dis
tributed, through the mails or other
wise, to paid subscribers during the
six months preceding the date shown
above. (This information is required
from daily newspapers only,) -"
THOS. H. NOODLE,
Sworn to and subscribed before me
this eighteenth day Of Oct., 1914.
(SEAL) B. F. FORSYTH,
Notary Public, St. Louis Co., MINI.
My Commission Expires July 6, 1921.
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1914-10-23
City Briefs
Checks FORCED at CussOns.

Deputy Sheriff Ed Grace of Cussons
is in the city today on the trail Of two
forgers who recently secured payment
on raised checks at the store of the
Pike River Mercantile company at
Cussons. Descriptions of the pair are
in the hands of the police and deputy
sheriffs. The forgeries we're COM
mitted some time ago, but have just
been discovered. Tony Nolan was ar
rested yesterday and is in the coun-
ty. jail charged with having been in
volved in the forgeries. One Of the
checks. was raised from 80 cents to
$1,000.
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1914-10-23
Business Outlook Good.

c.. l.. Judd is at the head of the
lakes on business today. Mr.. Judd
has just returned from a business WIS.,
it to Chicago and reports that in that
city a more optimistic attitude pre-
walls with regard to the business out
look. The steel market is showing
Improvement and is expected to i'm
prove from this time on.
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1914-10-23
STATEMENT OF THE OWNER
SHIP, MANAGEMENT, CIRCULA-
TON, ETC., REQUIRED BY THE
ACT OF AUGUST "a, 1912

of the Virginia Weekly Enterprise
published weekly at Virginia, Mime
sofa, for October 1, 1914.
Editor, Thomas H. Noodle, Virginia,
MINI.
Managing Editor, Thomas H.
Noodle, Virginia, MINI.
Business Manager, Thomas H.
Noodle, Virginia, MINI.
Publisher, The Enterprise Printing
& Publishing Co., Virginia, MINI.
Owners: Of corporation, give it's
name and the names and addresses of
stockholders holding l per cent or
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1914-10-23
Personals
You'll get better work at KeNv's.

You'll get better work at KeNy's.
H. B. Hursh of Duluth is here on
business.
F. Laurey is transacting business at
Hibbing today.
E. J. Luthey of Cook, was Virginia
visitor on business yesterday.
A. E. Dyer, county surveyor, is in
Virginia today on business.
; E. A. Gillespie of Chisholm, was
Virginia visitor this morning.
Attorney M. H. Mcmahon is at
Hibbing today on legal business.
George Williams of Biwabik was in
Virginia last evening on business.
) Mr.. and Mrs. George Gramphey of
Hibbing are visiting in Virginia today.
William Mcfarland, assessor at
Cook, is in the city today on business.
F. w. Quick and wife of Cleveland
are among the guests at the Ormonde.
Andrew Knight of Eveleth was re-
newing acquaintance here yesterday.
Ed Grace, deputy sheriff at Gus
sons, is Virginia visitor on business
today.
George Cohen of Hibbing visited in
Virginia last evening with his brother,
Louis Cohen.
Mr.. and Mrs. Thor Risberg, 1872
Sage street, are the parents of a
daughter born yesterday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Martin Nyhre of 600
Poular street, are the parents of r.
pound son born this morning.
Axel Osterick, P. F. Lomey and N
A. Gray, all Of Port Arthur, Ont, are
in Virginia today on business.
William Sanders of Duluth, a mem
Der Of the Fairmont Football team is
in Virginia today on business.
Harry Gillespie returned this morn
ing from visit at Pelican lake, bring
ing home fine string of ducks.
Mr.. and Mrs. A. E. Howe, owners
of the Spina Drug store of Chisholm
were guests in the city last evening.
I. E. Brownell, manager of the Casey
& Pasternacki drug store at Hibbing
was a visitor in the city yesterday.
Mr.. and Mrs. w. T. Mccullough
have returned from Duluth where they
have been visiting for several days.
Jack Pasternacki of the Mode,
Pharmacy left this morning with q
party of friends on a duck hunting
trip.
A large number Of Virginians are
planning to attend the Knights oil
Columbus dance at Hibbing this even.
ing.
E. H. Hubin of the Chisholm Elec
trio company visited his brother, A
Hubin of the Lion Drug store last
evening.
E. c. Ferguson of Duluth who has
been transacting business in Virginia
Tor several days, left for home this
morning.
Charles Pentilla is in the city today
interviewing the voters in the inter
ests Of his candidacy for county com.
missioner.
w. T. Bailey and Robert Garvey left
yesterday afternoon for Pelican lake
where they will spend few days hunt.
ing ducks.
Mr.. and Mrs. E. B. Garritty of In.
ternational Falls, who have been Wis.
iting here the past week, left for their
home last evening.
Mr.. and Mrs. William Carlton of
Hibbing who have been visiting in
Virginia for several days, left for
home this morning.
Fred Bessette is in the city from
Orr today and is campaigning on this
end of the range in the interests of
his legislative candidacy.
A. L. Lau, range manager for the
Sperry & Hutchinson Green Trading
Stamp company of New York, is at
Chisholm today on business for the
company.
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1914-10-23
K. G.. PARTY at Hibbing.

Hibbing Council knights Of Column
bus gives a ball this evening at the
Auditorium Of the city hall. Among
those from Virginia who plan to at
tend are Mr.. and Mrs. Paul Sevenich,
Mr.. and Mrs. Thomas Madden, Mr..
and Mrs. Cover Mccarthy and Mr..
and Mrs. J. A. Pasternacki.
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1914-10-23
Miss Hurd Sings at Royal.

Miss Sarah Hurd is singing at the
Royal theatre on the bill for the last
four nights of the week opening last
evening. Miss Hurd came to the city
last spring to teach music and is very
popular with Virginia audiences. The
numbers she contributed to the Royal
program we're we'll received by last
nights audiences.
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1914-10-23
Ala & Anderson Land Contract.

Ala & Anderson, the Mesaba avenue
furniture dealers, were the success
full bidders on the contract for the
installation of the window shades lat
the new Mesaba Telephone exchange.
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1914-10-23
Rev. Barackman Here SUNDAY.

Rev. F. ]. Barackman of Duluth
will occupy the pulpit Of the Cleve-
land avenue Presbyterian church at
both morning and evening services
Sunday.
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1914-10-23
ALL EFFORTS TO ADJOURN
CONGRESS HAVE FAILED
(BY ASSOCIATED PRESS>

(BY ASSOCIATED PRESS>
WASHINGTON, Oct. 23.-All eff
forts to adjourn congress have failed
again and a recess has been taken
until tomorrow.
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1914-10-23
Licensed to Wed.

A marriage license was this morn
ing issued to Jan Masueck and Mary
Ziska. Their wedding took place this
afternoon.
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1914-10-23
At the Rex Theatre.

Today and tomorrow, "Helping
Mother" in three reels; Mary Pick
ford in *The Dark Horse" and the
Animated Weekly.
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1914-10-23

Notice of Application for Liquor License.
State of Minnesota, County of St. Louis, City
Of Virginia. IS.
Notice is hereby given that application has
been made in writing to the city council of
said city of Virginia, and filed in my office,
praying for license to sell intoxicating liquors
for period of year, commencing the
18th day if November, A. D. 1914, and term
mating on the 18th day of November A. D,
1915. by the following person and at the fol-
lowing place, as stated in said application,
to-wit:
J. E. WILKIN
in the front room on the ground floor of the
one story brick building situated at No: 1o1
Chestnut street, City of Virginia, MINI.
Said application will be heard and deter
mined by said city council of the city of Vir-
ginia at a meeting of said council to be held
at the council chamber in said city of Vir-
ginia on Tuesday the 3rd day of November, A.
D. 1914, at o'clock p. of that day.
Witness my hand and the seal of said City
this 18th day of October A. D. 1914.
corporate ALBERT E. BICKFORD,
SeaD City Clerk.
10-23-30, 1914-VE.
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1914-10-23
Purchase City Property.

Angelo Angeliolieri and A. Casta-
!ani are two recent purchasers of lots
in Fairview addition through the Card
ner- Macdonald Agency.
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1914-10-23
MOhami Club to Dance.

Invitations are out for the next
Mohami club dancing party to be
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1914-10-23

location or would buy good proper
ty. State price and full particulars.
Address: House, box 966, city.
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1914-10-23
REAL ESTATE-For Sale

FOR SALE-Five room house; water,
light and sewer, and two lots; $4,000
terms or $500 cash. GIL Hemlock
street. If
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1914-10-23
HELP WANTED-Female.

WANTED-Girl for general house.
work. Apply sol 3rd St. Northside
tt
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1914-10-23

given Friday, October 80. This prom
Uses to be one of the most largely at
tended parties of the early social
season.
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1914-10-23
WANTED-tO Rent.

WANTED-To rent, 7 or 8 room
steam heated house; good residence