davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washburn leader., 1914-08-28

mile brought EARLY nearer to tue re-
endorsements coming up from Rich
mond, and 1t is one Of the mysteries
of the campaign why Sheridan. with
his superior numbers and splendid cav
airy, made no attempt to flank his
enemy and get between him and bis
supports.
On the 10Th Of August Early. after
leisurely choosing positions. establish
ed his line on Fishers hill. two miles
south Of Strasburg Sheridan follow
ed up the bank Of Cedar creek and
contented himself with cavalry recon-
noissances until satisfied that the enc
my's re-enforcements were at hand.
The one position which in his own
hands would endanger the enemy and
the one which in possession OF the
enemy would jeopardize his own rear
he allowed to be seized by the Confed-
crates marching up from Richmond to
support Early. This was Front Royal.
on the flank Of the Cedar creek line
and ut the head Of Luray valley.
The re-enforcements which came to
Early at this time did not exceed 5000
men and probably were only 5000. yet
the Confederates so manipulated the
incident as to frighten both Sheridan
and Grant. A dispatch reached Sheri-
dan by way OF Harpers Ferry stating
that heavy re-enforcements under
Longstreet and Hill were within 6ve
days. march of the valley and that II
Early was attacked by Sheridan be-
fore their arrival he was to show 6ght
The Washburn leader., 1914-08-28
D. Capt. GEORGE I. kILr1ER. Late U. 5. v.
years ago. the third week
in August. General Philip Il.
Sheridan was heading a retreat
Io,,,, <j,n ,,,,linv Nf yi,.rinin

~lFTY years ago. the third week
in August. General Philip II.
Sheridan was heading u retreat
down the valley Of Virginia.
with General Jubal A. Early's Confed-
crates. foot and horse, dogging every
step 1t was two months almost to a
day previous to the disastrous retreat
and heroic rally Of the same army, on
the su Ae field, coping with the same
foe. at Cedar creek. The ctrcum-
stances which brought about this we'll
nigh bloodless campaign on Cedar
creek the middle Of August. 1864. were
the result of movement against
Washington one month before by Ear
ly's command.
That bold incursion of Early's to the
Potomac and across on northern soil
had the effect of drawing new sys-
TEN of warfare to the Shenandoah val
ley or Valley of Virginia. From the
beginning of the war the region 80 con-
venient for the shelter Of hostile
force on the tanks Of Federal army
operating in northern Virginia had not
been occupied by one good. consolidat-
ed body of Federals. Stonewall Jack
son fought one army under Fremont
and another under General N. P.
Banks on alternate days in 1862 and
defeated both. After that General
Franz Sigel had command. General
j. D. Cox another and General B. Il.
Kelley another. all charged with look
ing after the Confederates in and
around the valley.
Later Generals R. II. Milroy and
Kelley and General w. II. French had
commands supposed to be available to
prevent the Confederate occupation in
force, but Robert e. Lee made it a
highway when he chose to and used 1t
for granary at leisure. Next came
General George Crook. Sigel again and
then General David Hunter-these last
in 18G4-and ut the end Of hard sum-
mer's campaign Early held the valley,
and the Federal forces composed Of
remnants Of, these commands-the
Nineteenth corps from the southwest
and the Sixth corps from the Army of
the Potomac-were huddled around the
Potomac. with General Grant on the
ground devisfng some method of~pro-
tecting Washington while fighting was
going on along the James river. Dur
ing the excitement of Early's raid to
Washington in July campaigning had
been at stand at Petersburg. and
General p. 81. Sheridan with one divi-
sion Of cavalry was at Washington.
Sheridan In the Shenandoah Valley.
An arrangement to have Hunter and
Sheridan act together having failed.
Hunter left the field. and the four old
departments-namely that Of West
The Washburn leader., 1914-08-28
MISSOURI WILL SHOW US.
Network Of Highways, Il 10 Predicted,
Will es Built This Year.

Network Of Highways, It 10 Predicted,
Will es Built This Year.
'"rhere will be more good roads built
in Missouri this year than were built
in the past ten years." This statement
was made recently by State Highway
Commissioner Frank w. Buffum.
'There is not bit of abatement"
continued Mr.. Buffum. lin the good
roads spirit that was awakened by the
good roads days set apart by Governor
Major last year.
Machinery is the explanation. Ev-
erywhere the best Of modern, road
building equipment is being purchased:
In most instances it is bought by the
county. but there are many places
where, when the county has not the
money or has refused to buy equip
ment, the citizens have formed COM
panies and bought.
"The lesson that machinery and not
manual labor is requisite to make roads
was learned last year. That was the
most obvious result of the two good
roads days. g
I'VE are paying special attention
just now to individual rural free deliv-
cry roads, to the end that these roads
may be improved continuously. The
average free delivery route road wan
ders here and there. sometimes good
roads. sometimes bad. Our aim ,fsy to
improve them throughout and form
network Of better highways"
Good roads day, inaugurated by Mis-
souri, last year. will be repeated this
year, and there is movement on foot
to have other states observe the same
days. Commissioner Buffum is In cor
respondence now with the governors
and highway departments Of all the
states with that end in view: The OBJ
ject is to have. two. days set aside in
each state, & ~
The Washburn leader., 1914-08-28
STUDYING ROAD CONDITIONS.
pspartmsnt Of Agriculture Aiding Local
Road Building.

Department Of Agriculture Aiding Local
Road Building.
The purpose of study undertaken
by the department of agriculture is to
discover the points Of excellence and
defects in existing local methods Of
building and maintaining roads. which
will: aid the state authorities to put To-
cal road management on. a systematic
ed basis: 'Fhe~ cooperating state au-
lhorities have been asked to designate
counties that present typical and ex-
ceptional features as to topography.
character Of road materials, methods
of construction and maintenance, ad-
ministrative organization. methods of
road financing and traffic conditions.
This investigation. is prompted by
the fact that there. is. at present very
little knowledge as to. the. most effec-i
tive and economical methods by which
a county can develop its roads. At
present the methods of financing local
road improvements vary from calling
on farmers for a certain number of
days labor in lieu of road tax or
the use of county prisoners in road
construction to bond issues or main
tenance of roads from dramsh0p H.
cense funds.
The department will study all Of
these systems with the view to deter
mining what system or combination OF
systems works best in actual practice.
There is, moreover. at present no
standard system Of keeping accounts
for road building and maintenance.
and as result. while some counties
know to penny the purpose for which
money was spent. others have no
definite check or reporting system.
Among various counties with the same
conditions cost for excavation or other
labor is anything but uniform. and
many counties. because of the absence
Of definite knowledge. fail to use local
and cheap materials and construct
roads which are unnecessarily expen
sive for. their purpose or which will
wear out before the bond issues are re-.
deemed. The investigation will include
a careful study Of the use Of convict
labor in road construction.
The heads Of state highway depart
ments are manifesting great interest
and are cooperating cordially in this
work. The data. when obtained, will
be published.
The Washburn leader., 1914-08-28

r. A. Torbert. whose division had
come with Sheridan from Petersburg.
was made chief of the cavalry Of the
new army. and General Wesley Mer-
rift took command Of Torbert's divi-
sion. Sheridan had asked for cavalry
to solve the question Of holding the
valley. and now he had three divisions
and an extra brigade. led by Wilson,
Merritt and Averell. These forces Of
cavalry and infantry were not all on
the ground when Sheridan decided to
set out to seize Winchester as the key
point to the valley. 10 do this he
moved his columns from Harpers Fer
The Washburn leader., 1914-08-28
tn. Milk Of the Sow.

Experiments show that mature sows
daily produce from four and nine
tenths to seven pounds of milk per an
imal. One SOW weighing 438 pounds
Welded seven and seven-tenths pounds
of milk in a single day. during which
period she consumed four pounds of
cornmeal. four pounds of wheat mid
dlings and eight pounds of skimmflk.
Average sow's milk contains about SO
per cent fat. Sc per cent milk sugar.
Sc per cent casein and albumen and
.9S per cent ash. In all respects it is
richer than cows milk.
The Washburn leader., 1914-08-28
Florida Road Bonds.

Good roads bonds amounting to ap.
proximately $75O.OOO will be issued as
the result of an election t.eld recently
by citizens of st. Johns county. Fla.
1t is stated that the proceeds will be
expended in the construction of about
sixty five miles of roadway.
The Washburn leader., 1914-08-28
The War Fifty Years Ago

General Philip H. Sheridan's First Venture In the
Shenandoah valley---Policy of Retreat In Face Of
the Foe---A Large Force and Ample Power Given
Him---Grant Visits Sheridan's Camp---Re-enforce-
ments on the Way to Sheridan and to His Foe, Cen
eral Juba Eary---Sheridan's Arrive First, but Grant
Advises Caution In Attack---Colonel Jack Mosby
Makes Sweeping Raid on Sheridan's Trains
The Washburn leader., 1914-08-28
MORE MONEY FOR GOOD

According to figures compiled
by the Office Of public roads Of
the department Of agriculture.
expenditures in the Omitted States
for improvement Of roads have
more than. doubled since 1904.
In that, year money spent for
road Improvement amounted to
$79,77l,417. while In 1918 the ex.
penditure was In .excsss Of 3106t
100000.
The Washburn leader., 1914-08-28
Tn. YOUNG Sow.

See that the young SOW raises the
right number Of pigs from eight to
ten. according to her capacity and milk
f,ow) or none at all. as otherwise her
udder will be poorly developed and she
probably always will raise small litters.
The Washburn leader., 1914-08-28
Slow Rivers,

Rivers which run very slowly have
always, the most mud at the bottom; so
solid stiffness in the constant course
Of mans life Is sign Of q thick bed
Of mud at the bottom Of his brain
saville.
Laughing 0as.
Nitrous oxide gas. commonly called
laughing gas. was discovered By Dr..
Priestley 10 l77tS.
The Washburn leader., 1914-08-28
doah. Sheridan kept on his path until
he reached Cedar creek;
Reinforced For Battle.

tOah. Sheridan kept on his path until
he reached Cedar creek
Re.euforced For Battle.
By the middle Of August Sheridan
mustered 10 the field about 10000 men
and his opponent not over 10000. Both
Sheridan and Early were expecting re.
endorsements for their own commands.
and 10th were fearing that the ene-
my's re-eufOrcements would get to the
ground first. sheridan's came the
faster. and yet he proceeded with
caution. When Early saw the great
gathering Of Federals at the head Of
the valley he placed his troops in front
Of Winchester. so often the bone Of
contention in the Shenandoah cam.
raigns. but instead Of standing for
battle retreated leisurely down the ex-
cellent roads toward StrasburH. Evarv
The Washburn leader., 1914-08-28
at Fishers bill and fall back until he
formed junction with the advancing
forces.
Sheridan In Retreat.

OUcE1UAU Ii a6tIc8ts
Sheridan anxiously besieged army
headquarters at Washington and Grant
at Petersburg. where the chief had &C.
turned after settling Sheridan in bis
new command. for news and placed
his army on the defensive. On the
14th Of August a staff colonel rode into
camp on Cedar creek in hot haste with
a telegram from Grant. at Petersburg,
to Halleck in Washington. stating that
Lee had sent from Richmond to Bar
ly's aid two divisions Of infantry,
some cavalry and twenty pieces Of ar.
tillery" Grant said that Sheridan
must be cautious. for Early was too
much for him. In point Of fact. only
one division Of Confederate infantry
Joined Early-Kershaw w's. about 5000
strong. General Fitzhugh Lees cavai-
ry brigade was on the way and num-
bered only 100 sabers.
Meanwhile Sheridan's own re-en-
forcements had been pushed to tho
front. and he had close at hand In tho
field and in garrison from 10000 to
10000 men. while Early. with the new
troops sent him did not muster over
$4,000 Sheridan prepared to retreat
and notified both Grant and Hallecl.
Said he: so far as have been ahie
to see. there lis not a military position! a,
III! this valley south Of the Potomac.
The position here Cedar creek) 10
bad one, as I cannot cover the numer-
GUS rivers that lead In on both my
flanks to the rear" He added that ho
would retreat at his leisure and take
up IA position ut Winchester.
The retreat was not leisurely and did
not stop at Winchester. From the
famous signal station on Three Top
mountain the Confederates discovered
the movement in the Federal camp.
Early set out from Fishers hill In pur-
suit, and at the same time Kershaw's
division marched from Front Royal on
the flank og the retreating column.
On the 18th there were several skir-
mishes between the Confederate In
fantry and the Federal cavalry which
screened tie tanks Of the army.
Colonel Jack Mosby.
Fltzhugh Lees troopers had note
reached the field. but the partisan
band Of Colonel Jack Mosby was quick!
to seize the opportunity offered by.
sheridan's dilemma. It happened thatt
the baggage wagons Of General Aer-
ritt's cavalry division were movingf
from the Potomac to the front. uni
aware that the army was retreatang. !
Mosby's rlen dashed into the train. i
scattering the guard Of hundred days.
men and helped themselves to the RIGHT
spoiis before applying the torch to tbet
wagons. As the train was loaded with
forage. subsistence stores and ot1cers.s
baggage. the prize was q rich ono even;
for Mosby's free lance band. N:
A party OF United States regular
cavalry attempted TO drive Of the rata
ers. and in the melee Lieute0ant Walt.
er Of the First cavalry was killed and
Lieutenant Dwyer. Fifth cayAlrys
wounded and captured. Mosby's smaas
were at home In the Shenandoah vals
ley, and It Is said they posed a. sobess
citizens one minute and the next rode
fully armed upon some daring forayst
eager alike for lighting an1 plunder.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-05-07
TURN OVER FUND
TO SUPERVISORS
MORE THAN $4,000 GIVEN THE
BOARD FOR PERMANENT
ROAD WORK IN COUNTY.

The fund raised by the Commercial
association good roads committee has
been turned over to the county super
visors for the experimental work on
roads out of Ottumwa that have been
contemplated for some time past. The
roads to be built will be permanent
and of macadam. A sum of more than
$4,000 was turned over to the county
officials and to this will be added a
sum practically two-thirds of the
amount raised by the boosters. The
roads recommended for improvement
first are in a north and east direction.
This is done because the persons liv.
ing along these roads have made pos
sible the fund for the doing OF the
work. The other directions will be
cared for when the subscriptions come
from the residents along those roads in
sums to warrant the work. The board
will advertise for bids Immediately
and it will not be long until the I'M
provement is under way. II the eX-
pense of the work contemplated is not
too great, the balance of the fund will
be used on south and west roads.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-05-07
LIST FOR COUNTY
OFFICES IS FULL
ALL NOMINATION PAPERS ARE
FILED-LAST DATE FOR
TOWNSHIP is MAY IS.

Saturday was the last day for the
filing of nomination papers for county
Offices and the list as completed is a
large one. Several were filed in the
afternoon of the last day with one or
two just few minutes before 5
o'clock. May 10 is the last date for
filing for the township Offices and
there will probably be several changes
in the list before that date. The COM
plete county ticket and the township
ticket up to date follow:
County Auditor-Fred L. Bissell.
r.: Verdon Reinhard, d.; Gordon
Lathrop, D.; Ben r. Criley, r.. Jesse
B. Hammond. p; Madison Warder, 5.
County Treasurer.-Chas. w. War
rem, r.; Henry Glenn, D.: Fl. R. Baker,
p. Henry A. Warren. S.
County Recorder.-C. T. Porter. r.;
Sam c. Stoltz, R.; Edward E. Sperry,
r.; l.. E. Cawley, D.; John Kaiser. D.;
w. w. Sturgeon, D.: l.. l.. Swenson.
P: V. l.. Caldwell, S.
Clerk of the District Court.-W. L.
Wilson, D.: H. NJ. Hedrick, R.; w. l..
Archer P; Henry Chyenkus, S.
Sheriff.-Frank Hardy. r.; George
Giltner, r.; o. f. Harrow, R.; G. Z.
Cremer, R.: j. J. Morrissey, D.; NJ. w.
,Crisswell. D.; Arthur Areingdale. D.;
William Rutherford, D.; Frank Harris,
D.; Alvin Tomlin, D.; A. L. Wheeler,
P: j. H. Trowbridge. $.
County Attorney. K. Daugherty,
R.; j. A. Lowenberg, d.; Daniel F.
Steck, D.; C. f. Hatchitt, p; w. d.
Davis, D.
Coroner. w. Elerick. d.; H. H.
Conroy, D.; Benz. ]. Stricken, P; r.
T. Kridelbaugh, S.
Justice of the Peace.-G. M. Tullis,
r.; T. R. Buckley, r.; Henry c. Nos
Ter, r.; John w. Kitto, D.; w. B.
Jones, D.; A. c. Judd, D.; Fred H. Will
cox, D.
Members of board of supervisors for
term beginning January, 1915.-John
F. Wilmington, r.: j. r. Stodghill, R..
A. H. Hendrickson, D.; Robert Cum
ningham, D.; C. H. Garfield, p; J. B.
Della Vedova, S.
For term beginning January, 1916
J. F. Knox, r.; c. w. Graham, r.;
A. ]. Black, r.; Charles Koran, D.;
H. B. Patterson D.; Lincoln Dimmitt,
P; f. N. Book, S.
For Constable.-W. H. Riggle, r.;
w. H. Brawley, R.; S. D. Long, H.
John E. Christie, R.; G. A. Elliott, H.;
James Orr, r.; w. A. Hendricks, r.;
w. w. Wright, r.. c. F. Harter, D.;
c. T. Lester, D.; John w. Duree, D.;
Maloney, D.. S. H. Oyerturf,
D.; J. M. Huffman, D.: Edward O'Brien,
Jr., D.; John G. Rush, D.; D. P. Cur
ran, D.; Harry Skinner, D.; Charles
E. Benson, D.: Herb Sullivan, D.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-05-07
BONAPARTE MAN
DIES SUDDENLY

Bonaparte May 4.-Bonaparte was
suddenly shocked Sunday morning to
learn of the death of Carl S. Johnson.
Mr.. Johnson was one of Bonaparte's
brightest and most promising young
men. He was the second son of Mr.
and Mrs. J. L. Johnson. He was born
June 81, 1893, at Sigourney, and re-
moved with his parents to Bonaparte
In 1904, since which time he has made
this his home.
Most of his education was received
In the Bonaparte high school, after
which he learned the printers trade in
tho Bonaparte Record Office. He
worked there for several years, also in
the Democrat Office in Keosauqua, and
The past winter he was employed on
the Shemld Times of Sheffield ILL.,
Death was ca used from pneumonia,
aften only q weeks illness. All were
present but his father, who was en-
ployed at Newton.
He was shortstop of the BOnaparte
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-05-07
WILSON SELECTS
FINANCIAL CHIEF
RICHARD OLNEY, FORMER sECRE.
TARY OF STATE, MAY BE THE
HEAD OF RESERVE BANK.

Washington. D. c., May 5-President
Wilson has selected Richard Olney,
former secretary Of state in the Cleve-
land administration to be governor of
the federal reserve board and Paul
Warburg Of New York. to be member
of the board.
Although the president has offered
the governorship to Mr.. Olney, word Of
his acceptance was being awaited to-
day, but friends here were inclined to
believe he would not decline. Mr.. o.
ney was offered the ambassadorship
to Great Britain by President Wilson
early last year, bat expressed an I'M
willingness to leave the country on &C
count of his business interests He is
being strongly urged by friends of the
president to accept this place which
the president has spoken Of as equal
in Importance to place on the bench Of
the supreme court Of the United States
Although Mr.. Olney is 70 years old. ne
is active and has had a long experience
in the business world and finances
which the president and his advisers
say would especially be adapted for
the head of the reserve board.
Mr. Warburg who was connected
with Kuhn, Loeb & Co., has been Of
fered membership on the board and
has accepted. Formal announcement
of his selection as well as the other
three members of the board, beside the
governor, is expected to be made with
in the next two or three days, as Of
fers are being made to those whom
the president has selected. 1t is said
that southern banker is to be one or
the three, but no intimation has come
as yet, as to his identity.
Seven on Board.
The complete board will consist of
seven members at salaries of $4,000 a
year. The secretary of the treasury
and the comptroller of the currency
are ex-officio members, and the five
other members are to be appointed by
the president. The law stipulates that
the members should be appointed with
reference to the geographical and
and financial divisions OF
The country"
With Mr. Olney representing New
England and Mr.. Warburg New York,
It was expected that the other mem
oers to be selected would represent
he south, the middlewest and the far
west. The appointees will serve ten
1ears.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-05-07
FORMER JUDGE DIES.

Ion. former Judge Of the supreme court
of Iowa and more recently general
counsel for the Missouri Pacific rail
way and Western Union Telegraph Co.
died at his home today after a pre-
tracted illness. He was 83 years old.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-05-07
WILLIAM SBURG.

Ed Hilzerman, who resides on a
farm near Parnell, transacted business
! here rece ntly and visited with friends.
John Hack of Pilot township was a
visitor here Saturday at the home OF
his parents, Mr.. and Mrs. Peter
Hack.
The ball game last week between the
Williamsburg and Wellman teams re-
suited In favor of the home boys by
the score Of to 3.
Mr.. and Mrs. l.. D. Lonergan, who
visited last week at the home of the
latters parents at Cedar Rapids, are
now home.
Mrs. J. A. Daniels of York township
was visitor here Monday at the par.
entail, Rusbult, home.
Mrs. Homer Cooley, who has been
visiting with relatives at Maysville,
Mo-. is now home.
f. o. Harrington, who was in Chica-
go last week on business in connection
with the electric light company, which
recently was voted franchise and
the privilege to construct and operate
an electric light plant here, has re-
turned and reports that his company
will soon be ready to commence work.
James Reynolds Of York township
was here rec emily attending his real
estate interests and visiting with
friends.
Richard Long of Sabula, who was
here last week visiting at the home OF
his parents and other relatives and
froends, has returned.
w. H. Fourburt Of near Millersburg
is here this week looking after bust
ness interests and visiting with
friends.
John McCarty Of Green township is