davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-03-01

strike ball with the bat the boy begins by
attempting to strike it and keeps on until no
learns to strike 1t with moro or less certainty.
An ingenious method OF demonstrating tho
trial and error method OF learning is by what
Is called mirror writing. The apparent motion
OF pencil In mirror Is the reverse of its
actual motion. Hence the attempt to guide a
pencil by looking at its motion in the mirror
LEADS TO frequent errors. The quickness with
winch Il person learns to overcome this ten
dency to error proves his ability to learn many
things from experience.
There is one way OF applving the fes, =.
mirror writing: Draw eleven siX-poiuted stars
on eleven pieces Of paper. fasten sheet to tho
eaoie' and sit in front OF mirror. BY means
OF t pencil trace with the left hand the outline
OF the star over It, beginning at certain spot
ana proceeding in a given direction Record
the time IT takes to trace over the outline
race the remaining ten outlines and number
thein In the order you do them The fire..
quency with which your pencil leaves the ;ina
Oh the star Will show your tendency TO error
me improvement Ii any, shown as the mum.
sis progress VIII show how quickly you ara
learning by trial and error
An important factor in learning IL the ab,J,,v
20 establish associations between two classea
OF visual symbols. To test this a set OF mage.
may be prepared headed with an imitation
typewriter keyboard. Each letter of the alma.
bet Is enclosed with number in a circia
oeiow this Keyboard is the reading matter
which is to be transcribed. The task of tina
experiment consists in substituting the mum
,-oosas e.o ie.teiS IL. tue spaces below and
recording the time. The experiment regularly
repeated either daily or weekly will be yery
learn. -
III we can measure the power or apoercen
tion In student We shall have a most yaluahis
indicatfon OF his imaginative power and his
higher mental capacities. Appreciation is the
manner In which We receive thing into our
MINDS professor William James, II includes
all the processes by which We read meaning
INTO sense Impressions. One person calls an
object useless stone: another calls 1t q fossil
OF the carboniferous age. The two persons
receive the object differently: they give dlf.
lerent meanings to the same sense Impressions
Each gives that particular interpretation which
10 most in accord with his particular menta
makeup
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-03-01
Dr. Svante Arrhenius the Exponent the Hypothesis
that Life Was First Sent Through Space Our Planet by
xhf

cred with vegetation, with living germs thar
nave stayed intact Under these conditions
meterorites could admit OF organic ''inclu-
sions, which could carry life TO celestial
bodies yet devoid OF It.
However, examination OF the hypothesis In
TINS very simple form raises objections the
principal OF which is the stupendous tempera-
lure TO which the germs would be Immediately
SUBJECTED. Merely the sudden stopping OF the
eRrtl In Its motion, even without the lnterven.
tloh oil "A collision would suffice to volatilize
us matter as result Of the quantity Of heat
!iDerated II, in addition, there should be 4
colislon OF two celestial masses with the liberia.
ton oil the fiery matter composing their rcspcc.
i've nuclei IL Is almost certain that not Il living
organism would escape this heat manifestation
which would reduce all to gas. II is then very
difficult TO admit of the conveyance Of germs
by meteoritcs considered as fragments from
celestial cataclysm.
Arrhenius has completely modified the bvno
thesis OF Panspermy by adapting it to the de-
mands and achievements OF modern physics
lie mas considered the possibility of the con.
Veyance or germs themselves, indie, evidently Of
All mineral aid. and this by bringing into play
the pressure of radiation of which we have
spoken IN the beginning OF this article.
by direct measurement the pressure OF radia.
lion on spherue the 0000l6 of n millimeter
IN diameter tor ole of micron) might be ten
times as strong as the attractive force resulting
tlNeisal sravitaton. Now germs of
these reduced dimensions do exist Botanists
Know for certainty that the spores OF many
bacteria have a diameter OF O3 10 q ~ =
DicTon. and that beyond doubt there exjst somo
even much smaller. The progress of the ultra
microscopy IS beginning TO enable us to sea
these germs of the order of one-tenth OF
micron in size.
Let Us imagine such micro-orea nism syent
on the surface Of the earth bv current of air
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-03-01
ALPHoNsE pERGE,r. o. the

~ RoFEsSOR ALPHoNSE BERGET. o. tho
Paris Institute OF Occanography. has
written an art Gle supporting the theory
that life originates the planets through mf
mute living germe which arc carried through
space and fall upon the surface OF these planets,
Professor Berget, OF the most distinguished
OF European scientists. takes up ana answers
All the objections to this theory raised IN
recent months He makes tho Important
statement that If there is life in other planets
OF our Dir system It must be like that upon
earth and not the weird fanstastic monsters
imagined i, science has heretofore conceived
Professor erget begins his article oy Calling
attention to the fact that no question has more
disturbed the mind OF man than tina. OF finding
out whence come the earth and her sister
planets; whence comes the sun. toward what
goal is 1t carried by that slow evolution that it
undergocs. and how came life upon earth?"
He gives elaborate explanation OF the La
place theory-that our solar system was first
an incandesccnt nebua This ncbtila, contract
ing through It's gradual loss of heat became
condensed Into An enormous fiery and gaseous
sun. This sun. whirling at terrific rate, threw
Of AZ II condensed further the planets
His article from this point IS as follows
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-03-01

fanced, IL Is very interesting and useful TO learn
WHAT KIND OF llnaseS called TO mind by
certain sentences and whether these images
are auditory, motor or tactile. To determine
TINS cover selected list OF words with piece
OF paper Slide 1t down far enough to expose
the hrst word. Then, in short sentence write
IN your handbook all answer to this question::
What do you think of as soon az you sec that
WORD! For example, If tho word is grass"
~ might suggest imagery at once of this kind:
= mink or the green appearance OF q meadow"
or IL the word IS shoe" 1t might suggest such
an answer as this: Il think of the pinching or
my new shoe. Do not try to make selection
ont write down whatever comes to your mind
IrsI suppose you use forty words. When you
nave written down the answers. put the results
IN the form Of table showing how many
or thes forty words aroused visual images audi
tory. motor. tacte. etc.
There are three methods by which tb. dn;ne
OIL dennite act may be learned:
taj by trial and error--that is by MAXIM
random attempts until By chance some at
tempts are successful
w by mitation-that Is. by observing the
performance Of the act and then attenptine 10
copy 1t. :"
tc) BY rcasonine-that is. by Alternating to
mink IL out and then proceeding accordingly
Tho most fundamental of these is tho tria,
and error method. The acquisition OF all motor
control is accomplished primarily by thia
method. The others serve only as supnjes
mentary aids For instance, In learning to
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-03-01
By Prof. Alphonse Berget
on the Paris lnsttute on OceanoaraphY.


wv know to-day that the Laplace theory
w must be modified In some points. As
whole, however. IL is still in force.
II is enough, therefore, to reconcile 1t with the
conqucsts Of science. that Is what the IL
lustrious physicist or Stockholm. Professor
Syante Arrhcnius, has done
The Swedish scientist introduced into the
theory Of the evolution of worlds Il second force
necessary to consider as universal gravita-
ton, that Is the pressure oil radiation or OF
light. the conception of which Is due to j.
Clerk Maxwell. and the reality OF which has
been demonstrated by the experiments of Lebe-
def This pressure is eXerted upon every sur
face exposed to light and generating light
the mass OF an object but the pressure OF radia-
of the object. One readily conceive there
ces OF matter the rcpeing pressure OF ligh,
On tiny particles whose diameter would
meter, the pressure OF radiation would be ten
times as great as the attracting force We have
such small dimensions In the spores OF bacteria
atmosphere and may even take them tc its
limits 100 kllomesers, where the pressure of
the air IS not more than Il very small fraction
of a millimcter of mercury
1t Is this pressure OF radiation that Arrhenius
has given place in the formation OF wordn
II drives away from the stars the fine 'cosmic
dust which the constant eruptions upon them
throw out every moment The expelled parti.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-03-01
By Prof. Henry L. Weston, Ph.D.
II HE methods Of that comparatively new
| science, experimental psychology, may

S7T HE methods Of that comparatively new
science, experimental psychology, may
be employed very prohtaby in measur.
ing the ability of children and students 70
learn.
A child has certain capacity for learning,
and 1t is wrong to try TO force that child to
learn more than its ability permits. Every
child has a special aptitude for kind OF
work, and If that work is likely TO furnish is
with profitable livelihood 1t is most important
10 discover carly what the aptitude Is and to
encourage it. These capacities and aptitudes
can be measured with something approaching
scientific accuracy BY the methods OF expert
mental psychology.
The Binet-Simon tests for measuring q
child's true educational age are already we'll
known new contribution to this branch of
psychology has just been made, A handy little
book has been published which aims to supply
teachers with psychological tests that will
enable them to measure the educational apu
tudes OF children and students 1t is entitled
Experiments in Educational Psychology" 1.-THE
Macmillan Coz. and Its author is Professor
Daniel Starch Ph.D, of the University of Wis
consn. The experiments are simple ones that
require more apparatus than pencil and
paper
The ability OF teacher to hold students
attention and OF the student to concentrate his
attention are, of course. OF primary Importance
in education Two little figures given by Pro
fessor' Starch are very useful in measuring the
Students power OF concentration.
One figure suggests book that Is OPEN An
you look at it thoughtessly 1t appears alter.
nately to be opened, with the printed page
toward you, and then with the cover toward
you. The student calls out "in" or "out" az
the changes appear to occur and the teacher
records the frequency Of the changes with his
watch. Ths will show .he natural tendency
Of the attention to wander.
acoI,o
think that the book is opened 'in" and records
how often his impression changes This will
measure the power OF concentrating attention.
Another figure used Is the circle with the
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-03-01

d da across It, The teacher first asks the stu
uent 10 look at this and call out whenever he
nhos MS mind wandering from 1t. Then the
,eacher asks the student to think how thick
me cross line is and how much thicker II Is
tnan the circular line. In this way the atten.
uon should remain fixed longer than when the
student stares aimlessly at the figure and the
Improvement will measure the power OF con.
centrating attention
one OF the simplest and most useful tests Is
IN the perception OF letters and words Many
children VIII look at printed page without
seeing and understanding half what they read
because they are deficient in perception Cross
out with short horizontal strokes all the Els
In the following table. Work as quickly As
you can without emitting any. Record the
time:
FLESMR ETHGAU DRETTE
E U 7 ROFAERB SESOTDE
/ l. X e 3 7 EELBAF
ER E E Fl r ELW OBECITO
N f v f D S d f LLIGYET
II Z e l. RIT NEREV ETAH
w T 0 e o CESRUO CRETT
E A I NJ It E S TAEEL POEP
Ne T F D Z II SFDEKOY REv
d f 3 B ID "A ED ETTERPD ET
FL S r M DERA ORETITAFEM
&c e HWzEVG EZQXKED
1t has been calculated that the ability 10
cross out all these Els in thirty seconds is
test OF mental efficiency in an adult The same
EFFICIENCY should be shown by every one above
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-03-01

the age OF fourteen years Below that an
allowance for immature powers may be made.
An important mental quality is to be able to
think quickly OF associated subjects which arc
naturally called 10 mind by any word. To test
this write as quickly as possible the opposite
10 each word In the following list. Record the
time:
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-03-01

We find ordinarily that children ranking high
IN one Kind Of ability arc not equally superior
in others. but there are forms of ability which
are associated with others. 1t is useful TO de.
termine what kinds of ability are allied to one
another because this knowledge helps us to
bring on. the ch!drens fullest powers. For
instance. child who makes good progress in
MS English studies should be able TO learn
foreign languages with something of the same
ease.
a teacher should use tests to determine the
acuteness of vision and hearing of all children
in his class for defects in these two senses are
the principal causes Of inability to ACQUIRE
education ut 4 normal speed
When a students education is suficentlv ad.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-03-01

medatey to straighten up He expressed himself
being relieved from all pain, and there has been no
return OF the condition.
This also personal experience OF mine,-a slight
attack OF lumbago being relieved by pressure point
in the root of the mouth back OF the uvula which relief
persists at this writing.
As demonstrating, in patients who have no idea what
attempted, the accuracy with which nerve dis
tributions could be stimulated by probe pressure,
cral physicians wrote the of organ part of
the body slip OF paper. These slips handed to
DR. FltzCerald at a time He touched various but
the complicated switchboard OF the nose throat,
pharynx tongue and in practically every instance
the patient would trace, by what he described a
glowing sensation, the of the stimulated.
Even complex and rambling nerve as the pneuno-
gastric accurately defined; this by subjects with
absolutely no knowledge of anatomy The nerves run
ming to the little finger OF the right hand, back of the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-03-01

might be So partly so; for four or five cases
OF asthma apparently relieved in less than five minutes.
One girl was eased of distressing attack few
minutes. Speaking from previous experiences, she said
that she expected no return OF the condition within
month or more: she had gone long six months
without attack
PAINFUL conditions peculiar to women yield magic
alv, in instances, to the potent pressure OF
the probe In this connection might suggest the fol-
lowing experiment, based upon two cases seen:
Take large tablespoon place the point OF the handle
on a spot threequarters OF the way back and the
median line OF the tongue, press firmly and hold for
minute; relax, and reappy pressure at the same time
turning the spoon from side side to emphasize the
point Of focus Then pass the spoon farther back, and
press gently on the posteror wall of the pharynx.
Methods similar to this relieved the two referred
And the comforting factor in all this practice is that
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-03-01

involved the throat uvua right onsl and part OF the
palate extending down the neck for three and half
inches The testimony and Corroboratng photographs
showed this growth have been the of billiard
ball. Before treatment the patient had been unable
swallow anything except liquids. She had eaten,
solid food in over months. In fact, the pre-
vented her opening her mouth than fraction OF
inch Yet she reported having gained twenty pounds
in five months treatment, able to open her mouth
as wide ever, and could now eat and thoroughly
enjoy any form of solid food. Also the had de-
creased the of small egg and was quite soft and
yielding to the touch.
In case of cancer at the base OF the tongue after two
months there relief from constant pain,
the breaking down of tissue had been arrested the size
of the growth materially reduced, and the cancerous
odor markedly corrected.
There are four other persons walking the streets OF
Connecticut towns who had been given up to die by
number of physicians physicians whose prognoses
usually accurate These patients claim to be cured
and outward evidences go, they apparently
cured OF course this meager number is unConvlnClng
Also cannot say what contrbutory may have
entered into their However, the cited
to say the least interesting and significant and
decidedly impressive
The only therapeutic measure employed was the daily
treatment of straight probe introduced through the
nostr its tip resting against point the wall of the
pharynx and left in this position for half an hour. If
the proper be touched this apparently stimulates
healthy activity in the and circulation Of the
humorous parts If some medical man, reading this will
introduce probe here described and press firmly
vao the wall of the pharynX, he will in
stantly experience sharp metallic sensaon-it
hardly be called pain-which is reflected along the
neck and in various parts of the throat and thus demon
strate to himself the existence of these refexes.
This is the chief beauty of DR. FitzGeralds method.
ANY physician if panstaking and patient learn the
prinCirDa1 "puSh buttons a
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-03-01
SUNDAY MAGAZINE FOR MARCH 1. 1914

knee joint and various other parts OF the body were
thus indicated and uniformly these correspondent with
what some physician had requested.
These phenomena are not due to suggestive in
fuence HypnotiSm is efectually ruled by the fact
that other physicians by pressing the points silently
indicated by Dr. FITZGERALD were able to produce
equally accurate results IT, however. they deviated in
different effect produced.
Dr. FITZGERALD recognizes does every other medical
man, the apparent physical absurdty OF this whole
process. That is why he reads papers before medical
societies. and cheerfully demonstrates any physician
the principles he has discovered. In fact, he very
glad to let personally investigate his methods So,
with DR.. Stewart Reed to check up results, saw over
score of patients suffering from various conditions
as asthma laryngeal tuberculosis partial deafness,
neuralgia the various catarrhal affections of the head
and throat goiter, tubercuar glands geographically
everyone of whom expressed themselves benefited by
prole-pressure therapy.
one interesting and suggestive was patient Of
DR.. Stroebels of the State Hospital at Newington,
Connecticut, victim OF aryngea tuberculosis He suf
fered extreme pain in the throat. and through both
lungs which were practically filled with the bubblng
that doctors call "rales He also coughed incessantly
and breathed in ptui little gasps. DR.. FITZGERALD
made deep. perhaps slightly painful pressure the
tongue beginning with the anterior third, and moving
back slowly about the middle of the poserior third
He also probed in the neghborhood of the anterior
pillars lat the entrance to the throat
Within fifteen minutes this patient had expectorated
freely and speaking in distinctly voice.
although, of course, with some hoarseness,
pressed himself perfectly free from pain. Where he
had been able breathe but minute quantity of air,
and that only with EXTREMIST effort, he inhaled
vigorously clear to the bottom of his lungs. 1t
pathetic to hear him repeat, If could only breathe
IL,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-03-01

s4AAS We eA"oN -
But the most incredible result
in connection with this case was
that the lungs, after treatment,
were absolutely free from rales.
Another significant feature was
that the vocal cords, which, &C
cording to the ease report,
were in a badly liberated con-
dition a month before, when the
patient was first seen, were now
absolutely clear. Ii this man
could receive pressure treat
ment three or four times daily,
as he well might in sanatorium
practice, his recovery would
seem to be almost certain. But
now, in all probability, his case
is hopeless.
Several cases of bronchitis and
"clergyman's sore throat and
an interesting goiter patient of
DR.. Frank ]. Ronayne's, were
seen, all of whom were greatly
improved. In fact. many cases
of goiter, even OF the true ex-
ophthalmic type, with pop eye
rapid heart, hand tremors, and
enlargement Of the thyroid,
seemed to have been practically
cured byprobe-pressure therapy.
Hay fever, DR.. FITZGERALD
claims, is relieved in almost
ninety-five per cent. OF patients.
OF course, as this was the CLOSED
season" on hay fever, we per-
Sonally saw none OF these. But
it seems quite likely that it
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-03-01

few weeks study, and duplicate
these results.
A NUMBER OF medical cases
were next treated. One
patient was so short of breath,
and respired with such difficulty,
that, as she herself expressed it,
her life was a torment. Her
wheeling could be heard across
a thirty-foot room. This woman
was examined by one of the
physicians, after which DR.. Fitz-
Gerald treated her, and turning
to the doctor said:
did you examine this case,
Doctor?'
"Yes, l have just looked her
over
wont you please examine
her again.
The second examination dis
closed the fact that the bron!
chial tubes were absolutely free
from the asthmatic wheeze, and
the woman breathed with COM
parative freedom.
DR.. R. ]. Boyle, one OF those
present at the clinic, requested
treatment for a painful rheu-
matte condition, affecting the
upper part of the back, which
even prevented his standing
erect. a deep application OF the
tongue depressor, and probing
on the posterior part OF the
throat, enabled him almost I'M
The Bossier banner. [volume] (Bellevue, Bossier Parish, La.) 1859-1952, 1914-04-16
Sherif,S Sale.

Robt. S. Mandel versus Jas. r. Bryant. No. 6O25.
In Second District Court, Bossier Parish, La.
DY virtue of writ of seizure and sale,
ID issued in the above entitled suit,
and to me directed, have seized, and
will proceed to sell at public auction, to
the last and highest bidder, at the front
door of the Court House, in the town of
Benton, La, on Saturday, May is, 1914,
the following described property, to-wit:
Lot No. 8, comprising the southeast
quarter of southwest quarter, the north
west quarter of southwest quarter and
that part Of the south half OF northwest
quarter lying south of Flat River, in
section Ia; that part of the southeast
quarter of northeast quarter lying south
and west of Flat River, the southwest
quarter of northeast quarter and rs acres
off the north part of northwest quarter
of southeast quarter of section is, con-
tanning 1917 acres, in township 10, range
IL, and being the same property &C
quired by Jas. r. Bryant in partition OF
the estate Of G. A. F. and E. J. Poole,
as recorded in Conveyance Book 80,
page "A, of the records Of Bossier Par
ish. Said property lying and being in
Bossier Parish, together with all build
ings and improvements thereon.
Terms of Sale - Cash, without the
benefit of appraisement, to pay and sat
isfy the sum OF $500, with 8 per cent
per annum interest thereon from De-
cember "a, 1912, until paid, and all costs
of suit, including 10 per cent on said
sum and interest as attorneys fees.
J. F. EDWARDS, Sheriff.
Benton, La. April 8, 1914. mayl4
The Bossier banner. [volume] (Bellevue, Bossier Parish, La.) 1859-1952, 1914-04-16
Could Have Saved Her.

why do you hate her so?'
''She used to be engaged to my bns-
hand"
"And didn't marry him. Oh. see!"
Houston Post.