davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1914-12-15

Washington, December 14.-Steps
were taken today by the federal reserve
board to make retirement of emergency
currency issued on commercial paper
shortly after the outbreak of the Eu-
ropean war more attractive to banks,
the board approved a reduction of re-
discount rate of the federal bank of
Atlanta to per cent on 30-day matur-
tiles, b1s per cent on 60-day matur-
tiles, and per cent on longer matur-
tiles. At the same time the othor IL
banks were notified of this action, with
the comment that they also might make
such rates.
The Richmond bank has signifie1 a
desire to promulgate these rates II At
lanta makes them. Although few of the
other banks have suggested lower
rates, it is considered likely that sew
eral will take similar action.
Although more than $2oo,o0o,O00 of
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1914-12-15

Roberts in place of DIR. J. B. s. Chap
man; Mark ID. Brainard, w. w. Graves,
f. NJ. deGraffenreid, Robert IT, Lyon,
and A. G. c. Sage. These Officers were
reelected except Mr.. Cheek, VINO sue
coded w A. 'Blount, Jr., and Mr. Rob
erts. Mr. Cheek is of jacksonville
Fla, and Mr.. Sage of New York. The
others are local men.
Immediately following election OF OF
ficers. drawing for the all-age stakes
which begin tomorrow morning, was
made with the following braces result
ing:
Commissioner Harry and Upton
Dick. Mark sman and Brunswick couh-
tess. Tippah Spot and Miss Hattie
Dark Horse and Lady Hohawk White
stone: Desoto Frank and Babblebrook
Bob: Joe Black burn and Hail JACK
Belle Afford and Billionaire; security
and Ned johnson; John Proctor ana
Longs Boy; La Vesita and The Har-
yester.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1914-12-15
Negroes Charged With Burglary

Robert Austin and Hall Upshaw, ne
groes, We're arrested last night by De
tectives Goldstein and Brown who
placed them in the city Jail on charge
of burglary and larceny. The negroes
are alleged to have entered a number
of residences on the north and south
side of the city in the past few weeks.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1914-12-15
Reidenger Charged With Burglary

rested yesterday morning by Detective
Harry Goldstein on charge of for
gerry. 1t is alleged by the arresting Of
ficer that Reidenger has sowed Sc
ries of worthless checks throughout the
city on a recent visit. The checks were
never for more than SIS but the ag-
gregate number will make quite a
neat sum. according to Detective Gold
of oil
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1914-12-15
Deaths and Funerals


Funeral services over the remains OF
Mrs. Julia Kate Baker. aged IS years.
who died at the residence of her daugh-
ter. Mrs. r. +. Oliver. 1875 Sixtieth
street, Woodlawn, were conducted from
the residence at IL o'clock yesterday
morning. Following the services the
remains were sent to Decatur for In
terment. The deceased is survived by
sister. Mrs. ]. 7. Jones of Decatur, and
other relatives.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1914-12-15
checks GROUP 1n.tantIy

You know Group is dangerous. And
you should also know the sense OF Sc
curity that comes from always hav-
ing Foleys Honey and Tar Compound
in the house. 1t cuts the thick mucus
and clears away the phiegm, stops the
strangling cough and gives easy breath
Ing and quiet sleep. Take 1t for coughs,
colds, tickling thoat, hoarseness and for
bronchial and la grippe coughs. Con-
tains no opiates. Every user is friend
Sold by allsdealers.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1914-12-15
Negro Fatally Shot

Abbott Alexander. a negro, was shot
by his wife, Leila Alexander. through
the abdomen with probable fatal re-
suits about 8 o'clock last night at GIL
South Eleventh street. The wounded
negro was removed to the Hillman nos
pital. The woman escaped.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1914-12-15
FIELD TRIALS MEET
OPENS WEATHER IS
IDEAL FOR COURSE.
Seven Dogs Eliminated i'm
Derby Stakes-Jackson
Made President at Elec-
ton of Officers

Montgomery. December Ideal
weather and other conditions prevailed
<or the opening day of the annual meet
of the Southern Fidld Trials club at
the course al LetohR tchie. below this
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1914-12-15
Petition in Bankruptcy

Voluntary petetion in bankruptcy was
filed Yesterday in the United states court
by Locasio of Birmingham His liabil-
tiles were scheduled at s22s5 with assets
at $500.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1914-12-15
Negro is Bound Over

Joe Caldwell, negro, was bound over
to the federal grand jury by Judge
Watts, United States commissioner, on
charge of forging money order. His
bond was set at $500.
The Grangeville globe. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho) 1907-1922, 1914-07-09
Allah and the Cotton Worm.

This glimpse of oriental character Is
from John A. Todd's The Banks or
the Nile:
well. how is the cotton worm nowT
said an English cotton worm inspector
to an old Egyptian sheik. Finished
There is none. How can there be cot
ton worms now? 1t is more than our
life is worth. If we do not pick tho
cotton worms you fine us. you send US
to prison. you take us as prisoners to
another mans fields and make us pick
his cotton worm. What can we dot
And so there is 10 cotton worm" And
hasn't 1t saved your cotton this year?''
"Assuredly. the praise to Allah
"Then won't you do all this picking
next year without us coming to make
you do it?' No" why" Because
that is the way Allah made us!
The Grangeville globe. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho) 1907-1922, 1914-07-09
rue MAGNET A PUZZLE.
NIL. One, but Can't Ex-
Cience ~I.roe In the Metal.

-. Can Make One but s Ssn, e
's" 's.;r the Change In the Metal.
r !.,ng the magnetism into 7 be steel
6e'un !, will stay there perm anently
tna' md intricate process. as Fro
o1 s;,vsuus Phillips Thompson de-
49, n in the Journal OF tn insn-
snO ~ Electrical Engineers.
nou ). ~ all you have to pick your
fl'' II must have from o to 8 per
sesA =, tungsten and from o. to o.6
e0' Kan II must have not more than
cont of chromium. but 1t must
= ,a any manganese. titanil i'm. cop
a ",obur or phosphorus. 1t Is forg-
s as little working of the mate
oossible and at as low tenn
~ .nre as convenient. After forging
, .Sould be heated to 300 degrees C.,
.vered to $50 degrees O.. there main
'.oa for time and then cooled on.
rh,s .normalizes" 1t.
in ~ harden 1t it is raised to $50 de-
~ r for not more than five min
s,ss. then lowered to about 200 degrees
: W., and ouenched at this tempe nature in
49, ~ at temperature under 20 de-
rees G. !, .,,. ~.
...mine II for ten or twelve hours or
4 heating 1t to GO degrees 9. for TWEEN
y hours. II is alternately heated and
.',owed to cool off several times.
Now the steel is ready to be mag
...,red II 1t is a bar a magnetizing
u, is used; II horseshoe. then an
.Isctromagnet is employed. It is mag
.otized to the highest degree possible.
M there is some advantage in revers-
mo IT'S magnetism few times. The
-osult depends upon the maximum
maenetizing force and not on the dura'
i tion Of the application. The current Is
+ MT shut off suddenly. but Is gradually
diminished to zero. While under the
influence of the current the magnet Is
struck with brass hammer.
It's stability is insured by subjecting
Il TO alternate cycles Of demagnetizine
and remagnetizing about the point OF
M cnetizat ion at which 1t is to remain
what change has now taken place
m the steel neither Professor Thomp
am nor Edison nor Tesla nor any Other
man can explain. The steel looks the
same as II did originally; ii feels the
.s,ne: its weight is the same; its ring
4 the same: It has neither odor mol
eayor. The microscope reveals NJ
change in its structure. Chemistry
fsIls TO detect that an element ha.
heen added to or subtracted from II
And vet II will draw another piece o
iron to itself and hold 1t there.
The Grangeville globe. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho) 1907-1922, 1914-07-09
FORECAST FoR July.

t'f'tessor q. Pythagoras Rmelack.
me popular and wen-known ragtime
asst "l"ger. submits the following fore
cast aud dissertation for July.
FNe sign of the crab rules over this
mouth Under Its direct Influence are
the dads in all parts OF this country.
who will stick in the office and put up
money Tor vacation trips for the rest
~ the family. About the middle of the
month the Moon moves into the Sign OF
Taurus. and Mother and the Fam
lily approach Dad to put up the Big
stan for summer vacation trip. Two
daN~ later the Moon hits the Sign OF
the crab. and employees are hereby
warned tu go easy with Dad for few
dat>
The Grangeville globe. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho) 1907-1922, 1914-07-09
The Annual Rainfall.

According to an estimate by Sir John
Murray, the total annual rainfall upon
all the land of the globe amounts to
2S.347.4 cubic miles and OF this guam
ity 6,524 cubic miles drains off through
rivers to the sea. A cubic mile Of river
water weighs approximately 4,2Oo,6oo.-
600 tons and carries in solution on the
average about 100000 tons Of foreign
matter. In all, about 2,735, 100000 tons
of solid substances are thus carried an
nually TO the ocean.-United States
Geological survey.
The Grangeville globe. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho) 1907-1922, 1914-07-09
FiU0RINE A RABID GAS.
Nothing Can Resist the Power Of Thie
Chemical Fury.

The fury OF the chemical world is
tue element nuorine. although. strange
ly enough. 1t exists peacefully In com
pany with calcium in huorspar and
also In few other compounds.
Although this element was known
and named good while ago, 1t long
resisted the efforts OF chemists to $50
late 1t, for the instant the compound
containing ii was torn apart the free
huOrine attacked and combined with
whatever substance composed the YES
sci containing 1t. 1t was finally isolat-
ed by the great French chemist Mois-
san.
Fluorine is rabid gas that nothing
can resist. 1t combines with all met.
ais. exploslvely with some, or II they
are already combined with some other
nonmetallic element it mercilessly
them to itself
In uniting with sodium, potassium
calcium. magnesium and aluminium
the metals become heated, even to red
ness. by the fervor of It's embrace
Iron filings slightly warm burst into
brilliant scintillations when exposed to
it. Manganese does the same Ever
the noble metals, which at melting
heat proudly resist the destinations Of
oxygen. succumb to this chemical sirer
at moderate temperatures.
Glass Is devoured at once and wate
ceases to be water by contact with THU
gas, which. combined with it's hydro
acrid, glass dissolving hydrofiuoric aciC
and liberateS ozone
Even hydrohuoric acid eats into ant
destroys every known substance ex
cept platinum an0 ead.-Exchange.
The Grangeville globe. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho) 1907-1922, 1914-07-09
FLOWER FIRE.
Some Plants Viii Emit a Mysterious
Radiance at Tunes

The most wondcrful-it might almost
be said spiritual attribute OF bowers is
neither their beauty OF color or form
nor their fragrance, but. strangely
enough mysterious radiance that
sometimes surrounds them. writes J
Carter Beard Ii is strange that this
flower fire is so little known and so sci
dom noticed
The best time 70 watch for and to
witness the emission OF flower fire Is
just after sunset ~ "A warm day, when
the atmosphere is perfectly dry and
clear On the contrary. il the air is
dense or the day has been rainy moth
ing of the kind can be seen The light
emitted from flowers is sometimes con
tinuouS. but oftener. perhaps. repre-
sents itself in flashes and chickering's
like the sparks from piece OF paper
that has been electrified. The duration
or the light varies according to the
state OF the atmosphere and the sort of
flowers that are under observation.
A daughter of I.innaeus is credited
with having been the first. as long ago
as 1162. to have observed the luminous
emanationS While seated alone in her
| fathers garden on fine. warm sum
mer night her attention was attracted
to cluster of the common nasturtiums.
whose flowers shone with iridescent
luster amid the surrounding gloom.
Captivated by the charming novelty Of
the spectacle. she repeated her noe
turnal visit to the flowers IA number Of
times andsnever once failed to witness
the CLEAN OF the naSturtiums.
Numerous other flowers. many of
which can be found in our gardens are
discovered TO be self luminous after ex-
posture to the strong. sustained light OF
the summer sun. for not only do groups
Of nasturtums exhibit the phenome-
non, but the corolla OF the common sun
flower, the dahlia, the tuberose. the
yellow lily, and. indeed. number OF
blossoms not named here.-Christtan
Endeavor World.
The Grangeville globe. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho) 1907-1922, 1914-07-09
The Omnipresent Rose.

Every continent on the globe. with
the exception OF Australia. produces
wild roses. There can be little donbt
that the rose is one of the Oldest flow
ers in the world. perhaps grown from
the wind blown seeds in paradise. In
Egypt it is depicted on numbers Of
early bias -reliefs. dating from 5000 to
$500 B. c. Rosewaier. or the essence Of
roses. is mentioned by Homer In the
"Iliad," and the flower is spoken of In
the Proverbs of Solomon.
The Grangeville globe. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho) 1907-1922, 1914-07-09
Nerve Of a DYING Avia tor.

The power of the will I'd control G
badly injured body was never better
Illustrated than in the case or DR.. Con-
stantin. volunteer aviator In the serv-
Ice OF the Bulgarian army. who was
fatally wounded by q Turkish bullet
while sailing his aeroplane over the
trenches at Tchatalja- Notwithstand-
ing the shock, the pain and the rapid
hemorrhage. Dr.. Constantin kept his
nerve and was able to turn his aero
plane around. guide it back to the Bull
sarian lines and volplane safely down
among his friends. He died as the
aeroplane reached the ground. = New
York World
The Grangeville globe. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho) 1907-1922, 1914-07-09
ELECTRICAL STORM ON SNAKE AND
SALMON RIVERS.

An electrical storm, carrying with 1t
great quantities. of hail passed along
the divide between the Salmon and
Snake rivers Tuesday night of this
week. 1t came from the oregon coun-
try and headed toward this prairie sec
tton. but by the time it reached here
its fury had been spent. and only a
small amount of rain fell Serious dam
age was reported to the crops. gardens,
fruit poultry, etc, on the ranches oi
Frank Wyatt, George Wood. Wash Shat
zer. and other citizens of the river and
plains country we'll known here, but
later information has greatly modified
the first reports.
The Grangeville globe. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho) 1907-1922, 1914-07-09
Easy Fittino.

The king of England, when he wants
q new suit of clothes. is not put to the
trouble that ordinary mortals suffer.
Each of the royal tailors possesses a
dummy figure of the kings exact pro
portions. and when the suits are taken
home trying on is unnecessary. II the
king particularly likes a special suit
be will wear 1t at intervals for months.
but he never wears the same clothes
on two consecutive days. About thirty
suits are in ordinary wear. including
shooting and riding kits, and the king
owns nearly 400 British and foreign
uniforms. some Of which are perhaps
worn once In q dozen years.
The Grangeville globe. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho) 1907-1922, 1914-07-09
BURNING WATER.
Coal Wet Gives Much Larger Amount
of Heat Than When DRY,


Dry coal does not produce as much
heat as coal that is considerably damp.
1t is, OF course, fact that a greater
heat makes the fuel more valuable, and
it Is essential to know how to secure
the most from ordinary fuel.
Coal that is to be burned in fur
mace, stove or CRATE for immedi
ate heat will produce nearly Onefourth
more heat when wet than when dry.
Coal that is to be placed in a stove
or furnace to be closed up SO as tc
produce a long continued. moderate
heat will produce little more than
one-third more heat If there Is plenty
of moisture than can be secured If the
coal Is real dry.
Large Jumps OF coal can be soaked
in d pail of water for half hour, and
the heat will be increased nearly one
half. This is done in cases where the
Jumps are used in stoves tightly clos
ed, such as those known as air tight
furnaces
Several pals of water thrown over
ton OF coal will increase its value
greatly to the consumer Coal will
burn briskly In wet and almost air
less mines, and it is said the heat II
intense When there is a fire and thu
coal pile burns it Is difficult to drowi
that portion OF the fire with water
| We might as well secure little Of
the heat stored in burning water as t.
permit it all to go unused. -Philadei
phia North American.
The Grangeville globe. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho) 1907-1922, 1914-07-09

! Mr.. Justice Ewes vindication Of the
healthiness of laughter did not tempt
his lordship to a familiar quotation.
most usually misquoted. The common
form Is Laugh and grow fat" but the
correct text is Laugh and be fat,y put
BY Ben Jonson into the mouth of Pan
In 'sThe Penates." The fairness does
not strictly follow from the laughter In
Jonson's line. but the proverbiai mis-
quotation has imported that meaning.
Pail Mall Gazette.
The Grangeville globe. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho) 1907-1922, 1914-07-09
ironing and Mending.

For the mother who does her own
ironing and mending: Prepare small
bag containing necessary things for
mending and sewing on Of buttons and
fasten 1t to ironing board. She will
be able to sew on buttons and draw
up little rips that will make her pile
of mending smaller. II she could train
herself to sit on a high stool as much
as possible while working she will not
be so tired at the end Of a days work.
Exchange.
The Grangeville globe. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho) 1907-1922, 1914-07-09
| NOTICE NOT TO SELL iNToxICAT'
ING LIQUORS.

To Every Person in Idaho County, Ida
no: Company Firm and Corporation:
In the Matter of George Juvet, Habitu-
al Drinker
Complaint having this 2Srd day of
June. 1914, been made before me by
Ole Juvet, a brother of George Juvet, TO
the effect that the said George Juvet
is in the habit of getting intoxicated,
and such complaint having been duly
verified before me:
All persons are hereby notified that
no intoxicating liquors of any kind must
be sold or given away by you, or any
person. or at any place of business, to
the said George Juvet.
Dated at Grangeville. Idaho. this 23rd
day of June, 1914.
JAS. DE HAVEN,
| 3O-4t Probate Judge
The Grangeville globe. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho) 1907-1922, 1914-07-09
Another oeIus ion.

why Is 1t that a man generally saves
more money after he Is married than
ne did beforeT
de doesn't He merely thinks he
does because he is getting along with
OUT so many things that he formerly
"ad-Chicag0 Record Herald.
The Grangeville globe. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho) 1907-1922, 1914-07-09

Binks-I notice that you have
thread tied round your finger. sup
pose that is to remind you of some
thing? Jinks-Not exactly. Ii Is TO
remind my wife to ask me II forgot
something she told me to remember
Exchange
The Grangeville globe. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho) 1907-1922, 1914-07-09
A Sad STATE

J, mo. am not altogether happy. now
that am rich"
why notr'
Being rich. of course. I can not 60
into the kitchen as once did. Yet
servants are still careless. :"
"Well?"
so | spend many sleepless nights
worrying about the drip pan under the
refrigerator louisville COurier-JOur-
nal
The Grangeville globe. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho) 1907-1922, 1914-07-09
WESTERN UNION READY FOR
RlJSINESS

The Western Union Telegraph com
pany has everything in readiness a
its uptown office in the Imperial Hote
for business. The new agent will ar
rive this evening from Lewiston ant
tomorrow, the 10th you can send of
a message if you so desire, on the eN
act date promised by the company.
The Grangeville globe. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho) 1907-1922, 1914-07-09
FEDERATED CHURCH.

1t was decided at meeting of the
executive board last week that there
should he "A cessation of preaching ser
vices from the middle of July to the
middle of August. but continuing the
Sunday school Services will be held
next Sabbath at the usual hours com
mencing with the Sabbath school at
9.45 a. m; preaching at IL a. m. and
s p. m.
The Grangeville globe. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho) 1907-1922, 1914-07-09
Two Wise Ones.

The young man carefully removed
the cigars from his vest pocket and
placed them on the piano. Then be
opened his arms But the young girl
did not futter to them. "You, she
said coldly. have loved before."-Chi-
cago Record H rald.
The Grangeville globe. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho) 1907-1922, 1914-07-09
Her First vts;t.

Mrs, Youngbride- I'd like some fish.
Wease What are these in the barrel?
Clerk Salt mackerel. ma'am. Mrs
aoungbride-Are they quite sfresh1-
Boston Transcript.
The Grangeville globe. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho) 1907-1922, 1914-07-09
Not That at All.

Old Lady Ito seedy looking library
hoy,- Have you got "Epictetus" Boy
No thank you. mum: it's only Dao
cold and sore froat London Punch.
The Grangeville globe. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho) 1907-1922, 1914-07-09
woman's Way.

Say. did you ever know woman to
buy what she wanted at the first store
she came TOT"
Eyes. My wife frequently does
that is, she returns to 1t after snes
been through all the other stores -
Boston Transcript.
The Grangeville globe. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho) 1907-1922, 1914-07-09
strawberries ON THE MARKET.

T o. Lindsay & Sons at Mt. Idaho
will deliver strawberries at your resi-
dence. Leave orders at this office.
32-2t T. o. LINDSAY & SONS.
The Grangeville globe. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho) 1907-1922, 1914-07-09
There Was a Cor parison.

smith Does your wife think you're
.ne nest man who ever lived? Jones'
VI course not. I'm her second hus-
band Life
The Grangeville globe. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho) 1907-1922, 1914-07-09
GOOD MILK COWS FOR SALE.

have good fresh milk cows for
sale or will trade for stock cattle.
2S-tf ALBERT FRAY.
The Grangeville globe. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho) 1907-1922, 1914-07-09

To be occupied with good ia the best
ueiehse against the iuroads of evil
William Arnut.
The Grangeville globe. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho) 1907-1922, 1914-07-09

1t il wiser being good than being
bad. Browning.
The Grangeville globe. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho) 1907-1922, 1914-07-09
COMBINE HARVESTER EoR SALE.

Practically new 16-horse Holt harvest
err for sale on terms to suit purchaser.
]. w. WILLIAMS,
92-2t: r. F. D. No. 1.
The Grangeville globe. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho) 1907-1922, 1914-07-09
THE SCENTED ROSE"

Permit us to call your attention to our fine line
of perfumes Most delicate and delightful in odor
they are and pleasinely low in price. Sample
them We aim to please the discriminating. We
also have fine sachet powders.
The Grangeville globe. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho) 1907-1922, 1914-07-09

| 304t
The Calhoun chronicle. [volume] (Grantsville, W. Va.) 1883-1984, 1914-03-12
R. I. RAMILTON,
Editor and Owner.
Will Die Cn Birthday

Atlanta, Ga, March s Leo
Nj. Frank, alleged slayer of Mary
Thaghan, the factory girl was
Yesterday sentenced by Judge
Hill to die on the galluws April
II. -
Franz was secretly brought in
t court at 10 O'Clock and stoical-
~ accepted his fate after making
: sta;eGsrt which lawyers dc
clare 10 be the most remarkable
ever uttered by q prisoner. Rc
stood calmly and steadfastly and
asserted that if his life is forfeit
"a he would be 4 blood sacli-
fee. At the height of his ad-
dress his language was eloquent.
IF the state and the law wills
that ny life be taken as a blood
ajonement for the poor little girl
who WAS ruth essly killed by an
other" lie said, then it remains
for me TO die with whatever for
titude my manhood may allow.
Gut am innocent OF this crime
and the future will prove it.
am now ready for your SEN
tence."
Frank folded his arms and
looked the magistrate sQuarely
in the eye. He showed no emo
ton while sentence was being
pronounced. As he was leaving
the court room, he remarked to 4
friend:
Il was born on April II, 1884,
in Paris Texas. 50 if the sentence
is carried out will die on the an
niversary of the day | was
drought into the world. .