davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1914-08-19
HoW'S This

We offer One hundred Dollars Reward for
any case OF Catarrh that cannot be cured by
Halls Catarrh-Cuce.
F. J. CHENEY s CO., Props, Toledo, o.
We the undersigned, have known F. J. Cheney
for the last Is years, and believe him perfectly
honorable in all business transactions and tnan-
cially able To carry out any obligations made by
their firm.
WEST S TRUAN wholesale druggists, Toledo. o.
WAIDING. kNNAN s. MARVIN, wholesale drug.
giStS. Toledo, Q.
Halls Caearrh Cure is taken internally. acting
directly upon the blood and mucous surfaces Of
the system Price 75c. per bottle. Sold By all
pruggiSts. Testimonials free
Halls Family Pills are the best.
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1914-08-19

o
The Times has endeavored to
keep the editorial columns from
extreme partisanship during
this entire campaign. The edi-
tor has his personal preferences,
the same as any other citizen,
and in his choice Of candidates
will vote for the men Of his
choice just as he advises every
voter to do. He thinks it is
wrong to inaame the passions OF
..::s..c cYce :..,a, and his course has
been to try and advise against
extremes. It is his purpose to do
his part towards bringing har-
mony to our people as their is
nothing to be gained by this con.
slant friction, and if the masses
will reflect they will see that a
conservative course does more
good than irritating agitation.
Let every man go to the polls
next Tuesday to do his part as a
good citizen, and if he will, the
result, matters not how it goes.
will leave no heart. burnings.
and the spirit of rivalry will not
end in bad feeling.
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1914-08-19

many's fleet from Japan's field
Of activity in China means to be-
come an active ally to the pow
ers against Germany, and will
join the British feet in the de-
struction or capture Of all Ger
man craft in the Chinese or
Japanese waters, and they will
also assist their allies in the
Pacific.
Judging from the dispatches
that have leaked through the
censored cablegrams, if only a
part of them are true, this war
will put the finishing touches to
the German Empire, and that
country will be divided up into
little kingdoms, dukedoms, and
principalities. similar to the pre-
sent condition of the little king
doms which made up the great
empire of Germany prior to the
Franco Prussian war. It fur
ther appears to US that the mon
archs Of Europe are trembling,
they are in the greatest danger
of disruption. and Russia is gov
erned by an autocratic Gar, the
country will be divided into
States, like the United States,
and it will be formed into a Re.
public with a constitution, or it
may remain a limited monarchy,
similar to England: the same
will happen to Germany; France
is already a Republic. Hhe war
will not only disarrange the gov
|ernments but it will make a
great change in the map of Eu-
rope, and although at great
cost of blood and treasure, the
final outcome of it will bo1 the
unfetteripg the people from the
chains of ignorance, and the pro
mitigation of civilization.
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1914-08-19

Butter Thin
Cheese Sticks
Fruit Sultaua
Graham Waters Slightly sweet
ened)
Macaroou Jumbles
Oatmeal Biscuits (round)
Pilot Oval
Pilot Zephyr
Saltines
Saratoga Flakes
Sunshine Zephyrs (old fashioned
N. E. Soda)
Twentieth Century
Zephyrettes
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1914-08-19
Whenever You Need General Tonic
Take Groves

The Old Standard Groves Tasteless
chill Tonic is equally valuable as
General Tonic because it contains the
well known tonic properties ofQUININE
and IRON. It acts on the Liver, Drives
out Malaria, Enriches the Blood and
Builds up the Whole System. so cents.
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1914-08-19
Notice.

All persons are hereby notified not to
hunt, fish, cut timber, or otherwise
trespass on my lands. Anyone so doing
will be prosecuted.
T. W. RHAME
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1914-08-19

PresidentsWilson has put ma
chinery to work to Investigate
the cause of the advance in food
prices, and it ne has the power
he will bring the spectators to
taw in the courts of the United
States. It is our opinion. the
action of the President is not on.
ly timely, but it is solely for the
protection of the masses against
that greedy horde OF spectators
who stand ready to take advant-
age of any emergency to fill
their Golfers. The longer Pres
,dent Wilson is in the executive
chair the more is he convincing
the American people of his wise
craftsmanship, and the more is
he securing the hold Democrat
ic party has upon the people.
There is of course, even among
Democrats, an element that
fear his policies will not be en-
dorsed at the next election, but
that fear is fast dwindling away,
and we believe-he will convince
the country that his administra-
ton is not only safe, and sound,
but it has done more along pro-
gressive lines than any admins
tration in a century.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1914-06-13
STRONG TICKET
Republicans and Proqressives Of Mich.
olss County Get Together and
Put strong Ticket In Field.

Special Dlepof,h to tho Intelligence.
kltHNOOD ". Va. June 1c--At
n joint convention between tho Repub-
licans and ProEreSsivcs of this county.
~ SummCrvillc. the following nomina-
tiOus for county offices wCrC made.
For House uf Delegates. :. g. Dot
son. Of Beaver district
For Circuit clerk. Jennings J. sum
mers. of Summerzvillo district
For County Clerk y. A. TinChcr. Of
Rcavcr district
For County superintendent. Erwin
Dorsey. Of Kentucky district
For County Commissioner. L. A
Thomas. OF Beaver district
The convention was held az the
was present and much Interest and en-
thusi1am was manifested. n is re-
gard"d by 1ll as being an exceptional
ly strong ticket The Democrats here
had foudiy hoped and held 10 the do
lusiOn that The two wings 81 the old
party would never Zap together. and
that with n divided party they would
Us ridn to victory but now their
hopes have fallen and their courage
has dropped several uotchca
on the other hand the Republicans
and Progresaiycs are happy and are
concentrating themselves that thew
have united their forces to resist Tho
common enemy. and with tho strong
and capable standard bearers al tho
front. they seem eager for the frav.
and you may put your car 10 tho
ground and listen FOR GOOD roporfs
from old Nicholas this fan
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1914-06-13
WOMAN FREE
Mrs. moSuriey, Who Killed Husband
In Self Defense. Is Not Indicted
BY Grand jury.

Special Dispatch 20 the TnteIiigsnoer.
CHARLESTON. W. Va. June 10 -
No Indictment was returned by tho
kanawha county grand jury against
Mrs. Bert NcSurlev. who last Sun.
day killed her husband az their home
a. Shrewsbury. The grand fury.
which has been In session since Mon
day. completed its work to-day and
reported many indictments. half
dozen for murder but no true bill
" as reported agninst the woman and
she VIII likDlv be- released from jaii
Mrs. NcSurley claimed self dcfensa
and told tho Grand jurors that on last
sunday NC~urlDy came home and AZ.
ack'd her and her child with butch.
gr knifD Selling q hatchct she dealt
him fatal blow on the head Then
sh" struck his head with "a stone and
thrust Tho knife into Die heart sun
CaF night she draEEod tho body into
The basement whore DO lav until Mon
d7N w0rnIur. when ehr placed DO ON
thr railroad tracks to he uaurled by
train few minutes later
Mrs NrSIrlcy then came 10 this
rIfv. surrendered f0 fhn sheriff and
told ol kiIlInE hrr husband
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1914-06-13
JUDGE DAYTON FORMALLY
lMPEACHED In THE HOUSE
SHARP
Congressman Named Ambassador To
France To Succeed Myron 7.
Herrick.

WASHINGTON. u. G., June IA
President Wilson to-day chose Rep
resentative William Graves Sharp of
Elyria. Ohio. to be ambassador 10
France. and sent his nomination 10
the senate. Mr.. Sharp. a Democrat
viii succeed Myron T. Herrick Of
Cleveland, a former Republican gov
ernor Of Ohio. the last of the ambas-
sadors holding over from the Taft
administration.
The post to which Representative
sharp has been appointed became the
center OF speculation the day Presi-
dent Wilson was inaugurated when
II became known II had been offered
10 William +. McCombs. chairman
or the Democratic National commit
tee. Mr McCombs was not prepared
TO decide whether he cared TO give
up his place as head OF the national
committee or give up his business IN
the United States TO go abroad and
Tor more than year President VIII
son held the appointment for him
Later when Mr.. McCombs decided not
TO take the Paris post IL was SAID
Secretary McAdoo was being con.
sidered
Mr. Sharp IS S. years old, a lawyer
by profession and later a manufac-
turer. The present session OF con-
gress Is his third term. His selec-
tion for one Of the most important
posts in the diplomatic service recalls
that President Wilson has found in
the house OF Representatives men for
many important offices.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1914-06-13
PROTEST
Union switch and Signal Men Walk
Out In sympathy With the
Westinghouse Strikers.

PIITSBCRGH, Pa. June 12-The
strike OF the members OF the Allie
enemy Congenial Industrial Union
which began last Friday. with the
Walkout OF 10000 employees OF the
Westinghouse Electric a Nanufac-
turing company. the Westinghouse
Machine company and the Pitfsburgh
Meter company. spread today 20 the
plant OF the Union Switch and Signal
company. at Swissvale Between
100 and 400 employees Of the Swifcn
and Signal company. which is one OF
the so-called Westinghouse indus
tries. walked out OF the plant az
noon.
Little EFFORT was made to-day 10 set
ne the diuerences between the COM
panies and their employees.
The walkOut OF the Union Switch
end signal company's workmen.
buike leaders say was a protset
against the refusal yesterday OF Pres
ldent p. VI. Herr OF the Westinghousa
Electric and Manufacturing Company
10 treat with a committee OF strikers.
The strikers held meeting this
afternoon az which the speakers eau.
toned the men against violence.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1914-06-13
FIRST MEXICAN PROTOCOL
OF THE SERIES Is SIGNED
ADJOURNS
Consolidation Commissioners Submit
Two Proposals For Settlement
of West Va. Mine Strike.

WASHINGTON June After
the Federal commissioners Of concll-
lation had submitted TO representa-
lives OF the miners and operators two
proposals for settlement OF the strike
IN the kanawha coal field OF West
virginia. the conference adjourned to-
night until Tuesday. Both proposi-
tions related 20 the "check-on" sys-
tem for the payment OF union dues
by deductions from the miners wages.
On the hrst proposal no agreement
was reached. Representatives OF
both factions will consider the sec
ond during the three days adjourn
ment.
The commissioners to-day suggested
that John y. White. president of the
United Mine Workers. be invited to
ettend the proceedings. Both sides
agreed and Patrick Gilday. one OF the
mediators, will communicate with Mr.
white at Indianapolis tomorrow. The
commissioners were confident they
would find a middle ground.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1914-06-13
DEATHS FROM HEAT
In Various Cities Of the Country.
Heat Wave Followed BY
Cooler Weather.

WASHINGTON. June 12-Withsr-
ing heat that caused suffering and
death IN many cities Of the central
valleys during the first four days OF
the week was succeeded today by
cooler weather. nearly everywhere OK.
Cept along m Atlantic coast from
Boston southwark where relief Is ay.
pected tomorrow Richmond. with "A
temperature Of 100. and Atlanta. with
sS. equall'd their high records for
June MontEOmery Ala. had a tom.
pcrafurc of 700. but that ala NOT qultc
reach JurC.s high mark
Tn The east Waahinrton'a official
theruOmctDr registered g5 degrees
Philadelphia had a temperature of I'd
Boston. Hn. and New York 49,
Temperature fell abruptly from tho
Ohio valley northward and eastward
except alonE the coast
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1914-06-13
FOOD FAMINE
In Vera Cruz and Vicinity 8rlnqs
Prompt Action BY Secretary
Redfeld

WASHINGTON. June News 10.
day OF threatened famine among the
Inhabitants of Vera Cruz and its vi
cinity set the telegraph wires TO work
cut Of the department OF commerce
and tonight Secretary Redneld had
received assurances that American
merchants soon would have large
supplies Of food on the way TO the
Mexican port to be sold at moderate
prices. These shipments will 20 in
free OF duty II officials here can ar
range it.
Secretary Redfeld's kilograms were
addressed TO commercial organizations
and agents in cities throughout the
east and south. and quoted the follow
ing report from Consul Canada at
Vera Cruz TO the statement depart
ment:
Food supply problem here rapidly
becoming serious. price for staples al
most prohibitlve. For example DO
tatoes now selling thirty cents gold
per pound. other articles In proportion.
Respectfully suggest arrangements be
made send Vera Cruz large quantities
corn, beans. potatoes, canned goods.
ham. bacon. etc. TO be sold al normal
prices. Also suggest all food stuns
for consumption Vera Cruz enter duty
free"
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1914-06-13
HIGH HONOR
MeMeehen Woman Chosen President
OF State Protected Home Circle.
First Ever 20 Be Chosen.
Special Dispatch 20 the Intelilreneer.

Special Dispatch 20 the InteIIIrencer.
CLARKSBTRG. W. Va. June 70
Mrs. Alice Peterson. ~ McNecben.
was elected grand president today of
the Protected Home Circle. state or
cranzauon. which closed its biennial
meeting here tonight She is the
first woman 10 be elected 10 such an
Office In the twenty eight years HIS
tory N the order The other grand
officers are as follows.
Grand Past Presidcnt-W r. Bak-
or. Wheeling
Grand Nice-President - George W
thinner. Wheeling
Grand Guardian Mrs Katherine
Daren. Fairmont
Grand Chapline Mrs Addie MILL
ran. Fairmont
Grand Secretary Miss Ada Ann
Heuncn. HonwOod
Grand Treasurer-E q FurIonR.
Morrantown
Grand Guide Grafton CLARK.
Wheeling
Grand Companion Earl shriver.
MorEanfOwn
Grand Sentinel g. IT Lorsdon.
MCNechen
Grand Wa'chmar Amos Yodor.
ClarksburE
Representative 20 tho Supreme Cir.
Gle A l.. Domoss. N0rrantown
Alternate A $ oliver. Wheeling
Farkersburr was chosen Tor tho
next biennial meeting
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1914-06-13
RUS
Serious Charges Made Against Ohio
and Mississippi Co. BY Owners
Of Steamer "Ohio"

Special Dispatch to the InteIlirencer.
PARKERSBURG. W. Va. June II -
Charges that the Ohio x Mississippi
Navigation Company which operates
string Of steamers on the Ohio riv-
or Is virtually a trust were made in
the United States Circuit court here
Today upon argument in the suit Of
the Ohio Packet Company. OF Park
ersburg. against the Ohio a. Missis-
sippi Navigation Company. OF Pitts
brugh, and John W. Hubbard for
$1,000 damages. The plaintiff claims
that the defendant forced its steamer
ono out OF the Cincinnati- Pitts
brugh trade through owning wharf
boat privileges. etc. and enforcing a
policy which practically closed tho
trades Of the upper Ohio river 10 All
save It's own boats Judge Davton. at
the conclusion Of the arguments. re-
served decision.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1914-06-13
CHARGED WITH MURDER

SOMERSET Pa. June 10 A r0r0.
nrrs jury here today decided that W
IT. Trimury. aged o.. whose body.
rlddlod with bullets waa found near
kInEroOd yesterday. came f1 hIa
death M the hands of Henry r. Ora.
mer. aFcd on. a well known farmer
The shooung 30 is said. wae tho no..
suit ul O quarrel over n private road
which tramcr had put throueh Trim.
rcy.s farm lola Trimpcy. ffvr4r. ola
daughter of the dead man. trsfrlf
shn had seen Crawer crawling thr0urT
The bushes near the road shortly after
her father was shot
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1914-06-13
TRADE C0MMISSTO N
First of Trust Measures VIII Likely
Be Reported 20 the ssnate
Today

WASHINGTON. juno te Tho son
ate probably will rrf Ifa first look To-
morrow af tho sort of TRUST fariaIa-
fiOn Tho Interstate commerce commit.
tcD wishes fO Hra f arf Gror .f f.s
present Time Tho rumuIffro f1Fa.
put roue finishing tDurha. ar r.
federal trade comm sion IUI drrff
Cd fO make 10 substitute frr tho
measure on like lirr. recently passed
BY The house
Chairman NowlHnds probably wall
lay fFa bIU with Hmsrfr.rrf. 4fonfrf
today before fIt senate fnrnrrDV
and wiz .rnk f0 have H made tho
unfnI. bed business DO frs senate
Hgrr" f may jump Into fho middle
N q debate on trust regulation ncxt
week
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1914-06-13
Los ?
Four Balloons Caught In Heavy storm
Sho are Misstng-One Sends Mes.
sage Struck by Lightning.

PORTLAND. Ore. June o. Anvle
" prevails here tonight REGARDING the
fate Of three OF tho four baiioone
which started from hero late Tburs.
Gay in the hrst national balloon race
ever held m tho northwest
shortly after their departure the air
craft we're caught In terrific wind
thundDr and lightning storm D.fnifc
know ledge of the storms Treatment ~
The balloons Is confined 10 "a single
case
The Uncle Sam. rHotnd rv car,-ir
81 y. Honeywell of sd Louis and hav.
IuE ar 20 passenger Dr vs. r gfeUsrt
was driven to earth near Oregon civ
out injury
THIS afternoon a carrier pigeon fr,.
iff'd into ifs cote hero Tied TO it
W.. wad ~ paper and on this was
Deseoneertira Message.
Hallo0n struck hy lightning Re--v
tlrt come quick Morrison"
Ihe balloon or which CAPTAIN urr-,.
Is pilot is the Million Population rirh
o' 81 Lesiis FITS passenger was Geo
q Morrison
Morrison made no mention of tho
Wilton population Clubs IUrffInn Do
d. flought here that ~ DO was not
wrecked in the dense forest of tho
n'.f"fu slopes 90 Cascade mourfaIrr
DO may have been stranded ir tb,
.rarFely settled plateau that stretches
beyond
IN hour after tho frst carrier a-.
rived another piFoo1 f'v in There
HH. no UI" .tIU. attached fu ff Dr. Ha
believed fu have been lost from fha
Wilton Population club NofhInr has
boon hoard from The Kansas CITY UT
pIlOfrd b. John Wnffa and fNo
Springfield. pilotcd BY Roy Donaldson
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1914-06-13
.SUFFS UNDAUNTED

LONDON June Undaunted by
The anger they have aroused among
The rupuIarr or the attentions thew
arc rDrrIrluE af Tho hands of tho 200
lice. Who today ruded their latest
refuge in kcuaington. tho militant
eufr1r'ffDa continue their camprIru
of annoyance Tonight saw an lr.
rsnfHd raid hv them on nearly q
dozen theatres iu tho West End of
london. women in each rasn affrmrf.
lug fo make speeches and showcrirr
leaflets from balconies upon the audi
pnccH
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1914-06-13
ACTION TAKEN BY MIR. NEELY
SHORTLY AFTER NOON
YESTERDAY.
Solemn Occasion Required Just
Fourteen Minutes-Referred
TO Committee.
rntelliReneer Bureau.
washington, d. c.. June Ia

judge Aston Gordon Dayton was
lmpeached today. Five minutes after
tWelve noon. representative Neelv So
cured recognition and read his mo
Iou cbarEing Judge Davtou with
itigh Crimes and Misiemeanors -
Mnl.h included a statement Of charges
A. soon as Neely began 20 read his
tndlc iment against Judge Dayton. the
pushing noise which usually accom-
Ianies the beginning of the session
ceased. Then silence profound and
realized that departure from the uS-
ual routine OF the opening had been
made. " was as quiet as a tomb. the
only sound being the voice Of the
Vest virginia congressman as he
read the grave charges one after An.
other In tones OF seriousness and
gravity. Mr.. Nicely said:
MT Speaker rise TO a question Of
me highest privilege BY virtue OF
my ONCE as member of the House
~ hSnresentatIyes, ! impeach Aston
y. Dayton. Judge OF the District
court OF the United States for the
Northern District or West Virginia.
OF high crimes and misdemeanors
Then followed TIA reading OF a brief
outline OF the twenty-six charges
against the impeached executive
which we're given in detail In this
paper several days ago He concluded
by saying: Mr.. Speaker. i'm accord
ance with the ITecedents Of the houre
In like cases. submit the following
resolution. which I send TO the Clerk
desk.
Thereupon the clerk began to read
the resolution which q page had qui,.k-
" carried from where Neely stool in
the space Before the speakers rostrIlDi.
to that official
This resolution provided that the
committee on judiciary be directed
10 inquire and report whether the
action OF this House Is necessary con.
cerning the alleged official miscop-
duct Of Aston G.. Dayton as contained
IN the charges made and filed with
The committee and whether he has
ben guilty OF various other acts Of
personal and judicial misconduct for
which he should be impeached The
resolution concludes as follows
Power OF Committee.
That this committee is hereby AN.
thorized and empowered TO send for
persons and papers. TO administer
caths, TO employ. II necessary. an
additional clerk and stenographcr
and 20 appoint and send a sulrcom.
mittee whenever and wherever npce--
sary 10 take testimony for the use
Of said subcommittee
That the subcommittee shall have.
the same power in respect 70 obtain
ing testimony as is herein given To
the said Committee on Judiciary. that
the Speaker shall have authority 10
sign and the Clerk 10 attest sub
poenas for any witness or witnesses
That tho expenses incurred i'm This
Continued on Page Seveut..nl
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1914-06-13

STRIKE Off
LOCAL NEWSPAPER MEN GET
CREDIT FOR ENDING
THE STRUGGLE.
l. h. McCamic and =. 7. Christian
Act as Arbiters and Elect Set
uement-Nfines TO Resume.
C6y l. ~. Mecamle


.PlTTSBU RGH. Pa. June 1e-Tha
coal strike between the miners or
Ntilshurc and Colliers AGAINST the
West virginia. Plttshurgh Coal com
lany, lS ended. The struggle that
mas existed for nine months was
brousht 90 a close last evening az
a conference with Van Bittner. prea-
ldent OF district No. 6. United Mine
Workers OF America. held al the OF
nc" or President Riftner In he Ffrst
National bank building. Pittsburgh
ia. Vice President =. l.. Hathaway.
was also present
The conference was arranged by a
special board or arhiters Consisting
OF L. II MCCamic. editor and mana
ger OF the WellsburE. w Va. Daily
Herald and y Il. Christian OF the
Nheeling. ". Va. Register.
The following r. the decision rend-
cred by the arbiters and agreed 10 by
the contending factions.
First. Il ls hereby agreed tha,
tne price and working conditions
OF the Pittsburgh district shall
prevail az the mines of the Nest
ginia-Pittsburgh Coal Company.
second, we agree that the Miners
shall have the right 20 elect
eheckweighman In accordance
with the laws Of the State OF Nest
virginia. Third. the company
as such on any grievance that
may arise IN or about It's mines.
fourth, they further aoree to
take back former employees who
quit work and went on strike
placing them as rapidly az posi-
o'e ~lthout discrimination, except
where such employees have taken
part In riots and violations OF law
during said strike.
This agreement uood u,,It
March 81, 1916.
(Sisned)
L. ~. h'cAMIc.
S. p. CHRISTIAN,
Arbiters.
Reeognition Not Factor.
resident Van inttner spoke in
Nelsburg on Wednesday afternoon
ana stated that the recognition OF tbs
union was not factor in the settle
tContnued on Pave sevonteenA