Norwich bulletin., 1914-08-29
PARIS IS FORTIFIED
 FOR STRONG DEFENSE
fcontinued From. Paas onel

arranged at intervals. two failes be- yond the wall. and making a circuit of the city 34 miles lone; and, third. an outer girdle of forts 75 miles long on the heights commanding the valley of the Seine.
 Bach of these circles of masonry and steel is a complete defense in it. self, the forts being linked together which permit cross fire against ap- proach by Its area. which exceeds 400 square miles.
 Old and New Forts. The wall around Paris and the 17 detached forts two miles beyond the wall were built by Louis Philippe. They sustained the German siege of been greatly strengthened The third line of forts. on the hills of St. Ger maine. Cormflles and Villiers, are of modern construction. with the latest type of batteries and heavy guns. Wall Eneircled by Forts. The inner wall about Paris surrounds | the best known and most important sections of the city, including the busi- ness sections along the grand boule- north and west of the city and the Latin quarter and other sections of | the left bank of the Seine Outside of tthe wall a circle of suburbs extends for many miles. including Neuilly. Ar genteuil, Versailles, Vincennes and many. others.
 Protection for Suburbs. The forts of the second and third line of defenses are dotted among these suburbs protecting them and the ap- breaches to the capital. The wall con- | tains 93 bastions and 67 gates. Some | of these have been abandoned, owing | to the pressure of modern construction I md r-ada. hrlf od | here from Paris state that all the gates still existing are now closed at p. m., | with rigid regulations against move ments from within or without r Famous Fortress in Second Line. The second line of forts includes the famous fortress of Montvalerian, which was the center of attack in the Ger
 man siege of 1870. It is strengthened | by two groups of works-Pautes batteries. South of the city Is the TOW of forts at Ivry. Bictre, Mont Rouge Vanves and Issy. North of the city
 are three great forts around St Denis
 and two others at Fort Aubervillois and Fort Chartonten, commanding the
 approaches from the great wood O.
 Bondy.
 | Outer Forts of Modern Type.
 The outer circle of forts, which art of the most modern type, have iron "A to 50 heavy guns and 500 to 1,00t men each. In all the three lines o
 defenses require 170,000 men to oper.
 ate them. not counting troops assem. bled within the city. According tt military experts 1t would require
 force of 50O.000 men to invest thes,
 defenses.
 The Siege of 1s7o-7f. General Won Moltke, field marsha
 of the German forces at the time of tn siege of Paris of 1S70-71, states in report on that siege that the F'rencl artillery armament consisted of owe 2,627 pieces. including 200 of the larges calibre of naval ordnance. There wer 300 rounds for each gun, a reserve O 100000 kilograms of powder.
 What Invaders Must Have.
 Won Moltke points out that the bonn
 bardment of a fortified place, in tn
 heart of an enemy's county, is din cult, if not impossible. until the in
 vader is master of the railways O : waterways by which heavy siege artil lery can be brought up in full quantity
 He explains the failure ot bombar