Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-04-18
Adrian w. Gave
Ireland to King
Henry Il. by Bull
Life of English Pontiff, Nicholas
Breakspear, Who Crowned
Frederick Barbarossa.

Nicholas Breakspear, Pope Adrian
", the only English pontiff, has at
last found a biographer worthy of
him. This is Rev. DR.. Horace X.
Mann. who is writing the history of
the medieval papacy. This volume,
containing the life of Adrian ~, is
the tenth volume of DIR. Mann's la
borious undertaking. Adrian reigned
from 1854 to 1859. DIR. Mann in this
volume deals with the attitude of the
Eastern Emperors and Patriarchs to-
wards the See of Rome.
But the chief interest in the vol
ume is the part relating to the bull,
"Landa Viliter" That Adrian ".
did make some sort of grant of Ire
land to Henry II, is. no doubt, now
generally admitted and Dr. Mann is
disposed to accept the bull itself as
undoubtedly genuine.
His Poverty In Youth.
Adrian ", Cardinal Bishop of ST.
Adams, and low In estate and OBJ
scure in tho Roman hierarchy, was,
as it were, snatched from the lowest
degree of poverty by Divine ProVi-
St Peter. He was the son of vii
lage clerk. so poor and SO miserable
that after the death OF his wife. hav-
ing no home. he asked for aid of
the Abbey of St. Adams. There he
served the monks so well that he
was soon made monk and was al
.otted the task OF domestic service
He was called Brother Robert. His
son was of tender age and he often
visited the monastery when aims
We're bestowed upon him.
The father of Nicholas was full of
shame when he saw that his son was
nothing more than a mendicant and
he forbade him, finally, even TO
come to the Abbey again. Nicholas
then sought TO retrieve his fortunes
In France. AT first ne nearly starved,
and he made his way to Florence
and stopped at the Abbey of Saint
Ruff, the famous monastery of the
Canons Regular, very near Avignon.
With assiduity he applied himself to
gain the good viii of the brother
hood, and he was SO gentle and hum
Bile, so gay In nature at the same
time, and so obedient and careful
In all the commissions entrusted to
him by the monks that In a very
short time he was honored by the
bestowal of the habit of the order.
Theologue and Orator.
Thus Nicholas lived many years at
Saint Ruff He applied himself to
reading and severe study. AS his
mind was penetrating and as he was
very receptive. he soon made himself
a master In theology and preacher
of eloquence and power. After some
years he was made prior of the
monastery, the brotherhood deciding
that he was eminently fitted for the
office by his religious and temporal
influence and bearing. After the
death of the Abbot, William H., he
was made the successor of the latter
In the supreme rule. not alone of the
monastery, but of the whole order
throughout the continent.
But Nicholas Breakspear was,
above all, moral man, and when he
saw abuses he attempted to reform
them. The canons, of a nature little
conformable to the character OF
| servants of God soon complained to
| Pope Eugenius, who removed the Of
| Tending abbot. But the Pontiff found
| that Nicholas Breakspear was a
| learned and pious ecclesiastic and he
restored him to his office, further
honoring him. Finally he made him
Bishop of Saint Adams.
legate to Norway, to instruct a peo-
pie yet barbarous in the law of God.
ON his return he was elected to the
Holy See.
Ills Elevation in 1854.
This was in 1854 and the King of
England, Henry H., natural sovereign
OF Nicholas Breakspear, wrote letter
to Adrian ". as soon as he learned
of his elevation. In this letter, alter
felcitating his own country on haY-
ing produced a tree which had been
so happily transplanted, the King
exhorted the Pope to fill his churcn
with worthy and pious ministers and
to procure serviceable and powerful
allies for the See of Rome.
Meanwhile, the Pope was undergo
ing persecution at the hands of the
Arnandistes, from which danger he
WAS saved by the arrival in Nerterfo
where the pope had fled, of the re-
nowned emperor, Frederick Bar
! harossa, who was crowned by MN
after Frederick had consented to ae-
cept the ancient Kiss of Peace.
The coronation of Frederick Bar
barossa was followed by bitter and
| long protracted war between the Pope
and his adherents and the Senate and
! people of Rome.
The Pope died September l, 1853, al
Anagni. whence his body was taken
to Rome and inferred in the Cathedral
of st. Peter Adrian was of notable
quality of mind and spirit, but his
| morals followed his change of fortune
| for he was the principal author Of the
! Great Schism.
| DR.. Mann has To deal in his book
with the attitude of the Eastern EN-
Derors and patriachs toward the See
| Of Rome, as has been said. To him II
| is all a question of submission to
| papal authority. "The differences IN
| faith and customs between the Batins
and Greeks cannot be settled till the
members adhere to the head" he
! saws, referring to letter of Paschal
| H. to Alexius l. 11l2). Though he
quotes a letter of the Archbishop OF
| Thessalonica, Basil, he does not ap-
pear to appreciate the meaning OF its
! statements.
| From the Whole chapter, in fact
we gather that DR.. Mann ignores the
! fact that the Greek Church never ac-
copied the Latin supremacy, in spite
oe many polite expressions about the
prImacy of the Roman Bishops.
From the time of Justinian, nj
| least, the patriarchs Of CONSTANT
nople never varied from their asser-
! ton of complete independence of, anC
equality with, the See of Old Rome.
|
Salvation Army.
Colonel Samuel l.. Brengle, the in