The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-11-08
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not writing Of ancient man but OF the
antiquity OF man IN Europe. His pur-
pose is TO take man az his existence has
been established in Europe by anthro-
pology and archaeology and to apply tho
geognostic measure OF time.
We may not delay even for this brill
liant discussion OF the record OF glacia-
ton except merely TO sum the success
sion FOR purposes OF references in tho
time determination which We shall
quote. The glacial ~pochs are:
First glacial. Seaman and Gnnzian.
First interglacial. man OF Mauer.
Second glacial. Saxonan and Minde-
Han.
Second interglncial. Cheliean and
Acheulean man.
! Third glacial. Polonian and Russian
/ Mousterian man.
| Third interglacial, Mousterian culture
ends.
| fourth glacial Mecklenourgian and
| Wuerman. Aurignacean. Solutrean and
| Magdalenian man.
Fourth tntcrglacial, Lower Forestian
| no trace Of man.
FIFTH glacial. Lower TurOarian. neo-
| llthic man IN Scotland.
Fifth interglacial. Upper Fore-tian.
Sixth glacial. Upper Turhartan.
II will he seen that we have two
/ records, one ~ the artifacts OF man and
Jhe other Of climatic movements sculp-
| turing the surface OF the earth. and
these two records Intercollegiate. to use
! Or. Geikle's most expressive word. We
now cite his own statement as TO the
length Of the European career ~ man
as determined by the gcoCnostic history
/ OF tho pulsation OF the age OF ice
When we reflect on the many geo
graphical changes that man has wit
nessed--the submcrgence and reeleva-
ton OF enormous tracts--the erosion OF
valleys and general lowering OF the sur
! face nv denudation when we consider
That he has lived through a succession
| OF stupendous climatic revolutions; that
he has seen widely contrastcd horas and
faunas occupying our continent-tun-
dras steppes and great forests succeed
ing each other again and again-we
must feel convinced that tho few thou
sand years that have elapsed since the
downfall OF Babylonian. Assyrlan and
Egyptian empires are a. nothing com
! pared with the long cons that separate
I the earliest times of history from the
apparition OF Palnolithic man IN Europe.
1T 10 not altogether improbable. In
decd, that We may yet be able TO arrive
at reliable conclusion as to the number
of centuries that have elapsed since the
beginning OF tho Ice Age. There can be
little doubt that the great cycle OF ell
matte changes OF which 7 have been
speaking owed their origin To cosmic
causes and that some day astronomers
and physicists may succeed IN discover
ing what these causes were and how
they worked.
quite recently Prof. PenClt has OK
pressed the opinion that the glacial
period with all its climatic changes
may have extended over half million
to a million years, and as the Chellcan
stage dates back 20 az least the middle
of tho period, this would give somewhere
between 100000 and 100000 years for
tho antiquity of man in Europe. But
4, as recent discoveries would seem to
Indicate. man was an occupant OF our
continent during the first intcrglacial
epoch. IT, not in still earlier times. we
may no compelled greatly to increase
our estimate Of his antiquity.
an concluding I would again remind
YOU of what was said IN my first lecture
as to geological measurements of time
In the very nature Of things they cam
not he definite. Penck's estimate makes
no prciension to other than rough APP
Proclamation: hut - 1t IS based on actual
observation Of tho amount OF geological
work accomplished during tho Pleisto-
Gene Il is on that account tufsthable and
undoubtedly helps us 20 realize how
greatly extended are the periods OF time
embraced by glacial history.
80 far removed from us are early
Ple'stocene times that our eympathetic
interest in tho life OF PaRolithio man
cannot but be faint And yet he was
very human: doubtless at the outset Of
his career a bestially selfish ana mer-
CHESS savage, but gradually developing
finer traits with tho passing of THE
, ages. n is not without emotion that
we look at tho beautiful art work Of the
Magdalenian reindeer hunter. And
, when we remember the conditions under
which ne lived-exposed 10 a severe
climate and the attacks Of many for
midable wild beasts. his home a dark
? cave or rude rock shelter-we may we'll
he astonished at his attachments as an
4 engraver a sculptor and an animal
painter. with the simplest OF tools and
, appliances his best efforts rival II they
, modern art schools, and must ever be a
marvel to critics who may have nour-
ished the belief that such attachments
, are only possible in a civilized com.
, munty.
"Nelther can We contemplate without
I certain reVerential awe tho profound
\ antiquity OF our race, nor cease to won
l der at tho preservation of the humble
l records Of Palgolthic man. When we
' think OF the countless multitudes OF un-
| known namcless folk--of the innumer.
, able generations of primitive peoples
passed into oblivion ages before the
dawn OF the earliest civilizations known
Q to history-wo recall the words of the
= grand old physician OF Norwich: THE
% number Of the dead long eNceedeth al
{ that shall live. The night Of time fan
= surpasscth The day, ana who knowetl
v when was the equinox And yet of al
e those primitive peoples those vanished
4 races we should have remained abso
= lutely ignorant hut for the enduran nc,
Of their lost and discarded relies. Tim,
a which antiquities antiquities, and hail
= an art IN make dust Of all things, haiti
y vet spared these minor monuments
= In vain We hope tn no known nv oper