davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Lower coast gazette., 1914-01-24
WALTERS 70fACE
LOUISIANA COURT
ALLEGED KlDNAPER OF ROBERT
DUNBAR WANTS EARLY TRIAL,
ATTORNEY SAYS.
WILL NOT TAKE AN APPEAL
Accused Man viii Accspt Decision Of
Mississippi Tribunal IN Favor
Of opeiousas Authorities.
Western Newspaper Union NeSs Service

Western Newspaper Union News Service.
Columbia, Miss.-W..EC Walters, al
legged kidnaper of Robert Dunbar, is
ready to face trial in Louisiana and
will not take an appeal from the de.
cision given by the Mississippi SUI
preme Court, turning him v to the
Louisiana authorities.
Attorney H. C. Rawls, representing
Walters, said that shorld an appeal be
taken to the United States Supreme
Court it would result in a delay of one
or two years, and that by that time,
should the court decide adversely to
Walters, Bruce Anderson, being so
young would probably have forgotten
the witnesses for Walters. 1t is claim
ed by Walters that the boy now In
the custody of Mr.. and Mrs. G. P.
Dunbar at Opelousas, and whom they
claim as their son, is Bruce Anderson,
a lad turned over to him by a woman
In North Carolina.
Attorney Rawls wrote to the dis
trict attorney at-Opelousas asking
when the next term of Consequences
and stating that the defense only
wants time. to get its witnesses to-
gether. Mr.. Rawls stated that wit.
nesses would come from Mississippi,
Louisiana. Georgia and North Carolina.
"1f Walters must be tried In Lou
isiana," declared Attorney Raws,
"Opelousas is the place we prefer. It
Is there that the people know Robert
Dunbar, and we believe thu tthey know
that the boy now held by Mr.. Dunbar
is not the real Robert Dunbar"
Mr.. Rawls said that he considered
an early trial would be for the best
interest of Walters.
Lower coast gazette., 1914-01-24
KILLED UhUEK HTS ENGINE
WeiIknown PonchatouIa Man Meets
Death-Body Terribly Mangled.

Western Newspaper Union News Service.
Pouchatoula. This place was shock
ed on learning of the death of
Savanna Bjorkgren, aged about 30
years, a locomotive engineer, employ
ed by the Owl Bayou Cypress Com
pany at strader, a few miles south OF
this place. There were no eyewitness
es to the event and the only solution
Of the young mans death Is that he
was caught under his engine while en-.
gagged in oiling or cleaning it. His
head was severed from the body, which
was horribly mangled.
Mr.. Bjorkgren was n d the most
popular young men Of tbs place. He
was a member of the Masonic frater-
nifty. His father is vie president OF
the Merchants and Ffmers' Bank.
Lower coast gazette., 1914-01-24
5, 0. S. SAVES 108 At SEA
PACKET HAD BEGUN TO BREAK
UP WHEN LOCATED.
Fires Out, Wireless Being Dead. un'
able to Aid Reseuers-Ship
ontRocks So Hours.

Yarmouth, Nova Scotia.-Snatched
from what seemed almost certain
death, the 1903 passengers and crew
Of the Royal Mail packet CobeQuid
are safe in Yarmouth harbor.
The wireless appeals for assistance
which she had first made 36 hours
before were answered as the doomed
steamer was being racked to pieces
on Trinity Rock, six miles off Port
Maitland. The rescue will go down in
shipping annals as one Of the most
notable ever accomplished on the At
lantic coast.
The Cobequid had begun to break
the pSandiGg OF tue ts--iGc
e a that had been merciless from
the time the vessel struck. Quantities
of cargo covered the waters as the
lifeboats ranged alongside.
The coast steamers Westport and
John L. Calm were first to get boats
into the water and they were followed
soon by the boats of the government
steamer L%ansdowne and the Kappa
hammock. AS the work Of rescue pro
crossed the sea subsidized %considera.
bly, and no mishap marred the tri.
umph over the waves.
Capt. McKinnon Of the Westport
found the liner on the southeast part
of Trinity ledge. At the time there
was a high wind and rough seas. He
took off in three lifeboat loads Y
persons, including all the passengers
the pursers, several deck officers and
part of the crew.
The Westport stood by until the
John l.. Calm came. up. The latter
took off "a men as the Westport was
leaving for Yarmouth. Both ships
later reached here.
Trinity Rock, on which the CODE
quid was transfxed, is a pinnacle O
granite rising abruptly from the Sc;
half way between this port and BrieI
Island, where the steamer was a
first thought to have struck.
Lower coast gazette., 1914-01-24
ADMITS SHE DROWNED TWO
Pleads Guilty to Second Degree MUIR
der-Is Given Indeterminate
Prison Sentence.

Union City, Tenn.-Mrs. Hennie
Yates, charged with drowning her
two small stepchildren, pleaded
guilty to second-degree murder and
was given an indeterminate prison
sentence of from 10 to 20 years.
While berry hunting last summer
Mrs Yates was alleged to have in.
duced her three stepchildren to go
bathing In a creek, then to have
seized two and held their heads under
water until they drowned. The third
stepchild, a small boy, escaped and
gave the alarm.
Charges against Floy Ferris, Mrs
Yates daughter by a former marriage,
who was alleged to have aided her
mother in the killings, were dismissed
Lower coast gazette., 1914-01-24
SHERIFF AND AID INDICTED
Tangipahoa Grand Jury Brings Charge,
Against Officials.

Western Newspaper Union News Service.
Amite.-The Tangipahoa grand jury
has indicted Sheriff John A. Ballard
and Charles Fulda, his chief deputy
and %son-in-law. Sheriff Ballard is
charged with failure to keep the par
ish jail in a clean and sanitary condi.
ton, while Deputy Fulda is jointly In.
dicted with ]. P. Sanders, justice OF
the peace of the Sixth ward, for al
legged extortion in office. The indict.
ment against Fulda and Sanders
ahaf ffafla thSe Ram H5sf Medas afs,'! yss6 6ha + y.
ecuting a warrant against another Ital.
ian at La Place, whom Medello had
charged with SANDER. Deputy Fulda,
in an explanation of the matter, denies
the charge. Sheriff Ballard says the
Jail is kept in as good condition as
circumstances and conditions permit.
Lower coast gazette., 1914-01-24
NO TRACE OF SINKING SHIP
cobequid Fast Filling After Ground.
ing in Fundy Bay, Says Wireless
Fate Of 120 Is in Doubt.

Halifax, N. s.-A wireless cry
for help from the Royal Mail
steamer Cobequid, fast on the dreaded
lodged Of Grand Manan, followed five
hours later by a final flicker of her
radio saying the ship vas filing, has
caused grave concern for the 120 per.
sons on board.
The Cobequid was bound for st.
Johns, N. S., from the British West
Indies, in command of Capt. Haw.
son, completing her first round over
this route. She had a crew of 102
men, a number of second-class pas
sengers and the following in the first
class cabin:
Lower coast gazette., 1914-01-24
VALLEY TOWN INUNDATED
HIGH WALL OF WATER SWEEPS
DOWN VALLEY.
Warnings OF Approaching Flood Sent
Residents of Several Towns
Scurryina to Safety.

Cumberland, Md.-Huddled In rude
shacks and about blazing camp fires,
hundreds OF flood refugees watched
and waited in the West Virginia hills
while the northern branch of the Po-
tomach river, a swollen, icy flood,
swept through their homes in the
towns that dot the valley below.
A wall Of water, starting from the
broken dam of the West Virginia
Pulp and Paper company or Stoney
creek, moved down to the Potomac,
inundated the town of SchelI, w. Va,
where the two streams meet and
started a flood wave laden with wreck
age ,andiee aopsst tas 1atonaas-sssse
Warnings Of the approaching food
sent the residents OF small towns
along the river scurrying to safety In
the hills.
Telegraph and telephone commune
cation was cut of by the food for q
day before being re-established. Ru-
moreS OF several men caught IN the
food waters at Shaw, w. Va, 20 miles
from Schell, which could not be con-
frmed, were the only reports Of
casualties attending the flood. The
food warning emptied the town Of
Shaw and sent many residents of
Blaine, Harrison, Kitzmiller and other
small places in the path of the water,
hurrying to the ridges.
The big dam, which impounded a
lake of water FIVE miles long and
which was IS feet high, had been
weakening for several days. Wednes
day night 1t began to crumble and
farmer from the mountain village Of
Mount Serm rode down the valley
warning the few inhabitants Of the
impending break.
Lower coast gazette., 1914-01-24
Fried Oyster

Select large fine oysters, drain and
dry with a napkin. lift with thumb
and foreflnger on either side Of the
eye or hard portion; dip into bread.
crumbs and then into beaten egg, and
again into bread crumbs. It is seldom
necessary to add salt to the crumbs,
but a little pepper. black or red, as
preferred, is an Improvement After
crumbling, pat the oyster between
the hands and lay upon a platter to
dry well before frying. To fry, i'm
merse in deep hot: fat in which q
piece Of bread. win brown nicely.
When the oyster comes to the surface
1t is done. Drain and Keep upon q
hot platter until all are ready to. serve
Lower coast gazette., 1914-01-24
KILLS nIMsEl' IN OFFICE
Facing Shortage , Accounts, Lumber
Company Ersloye Ends Life.

wo.,orr Newsnanertnion News Service.
Montgomery-van Miller, Of Carson,
shot himself arough the right temple
in the officeof a LUMBER company in
the presenc Of a youlg lady cashier,
and some the officeforce. The shot
nroduced lmost immediate death. The
cause WIS an unaccomtable shortage
Of $500 in his cash.
MI. Miller was born md reared near
.h;s place and his remains were
h-olght here for bursl. He leaves
h;1wife and several Children. He was
10 son Of ]. R. Millerof Verda, who
a Justice Of the ~peaceof his ward.
Lower coast gazette., 1914-01-24
GREATLoss OF LIFE BY WAR
Male Population Of Bulgaria's Portion
Of Macedonia Reduced From
$4,000 to 1880.

Sofia, Bulgaria. striking II.
lustration of the terrible humay
waste In war is furnished by tte
census just taken of the new Pull
garian territories acquired by CON
quest.
The male population Of that portion
Of Macedonia allotted to Bulgaria was
reduced during hostilities from 175,00O
to 1880. In Bulgarian Thrace only
225,0O0 males remain out Of a total
before the war OF $4,000, while IN
the district Of Mustapha Pasha, wher
fighting waged long and fiercely, DRY
1000 males are left out of $4,000.
Lower coast gazette., 1914-01-24
Oyster Cocktail.

Cut a cover OF stem parts Of six
even sized sound green peppers, scoop
out insides, remove seeds from covers
as we'll as stems, and place in six
small, deep oyster plates with shaved
ice all around. Place 4S freshly open
ed small Blue Point oysters In a
bowl, add six drops tabasco sauce, six
tablespoonfuls freshly and very finely
grated h~orseEadish. Mix all well to-
gether, then evenly divide oysters in
the six green peppers. place covers
on and serve with q teaspoon on each
Mate.
Lower coast gazette., 1914-01-24
STOLE BRIDE, GETS 5 YEARS
Homer Mccord Pleads Guilty to Lur-
ing Woman and Is Sentenced
to Kansas R~eformatory.

lola, Kan.--Homer McCord, %
years old, who on July % last lured
Mrs. Mary Armstrong Dean, "a bride
of a day, from her husband, while the
pair were on their honeymoon, plead
ed guilty~and was sentenced to five
years in the Hutchinson reformatory.
Mrs. Dean is Is years old. She and
McCord. according to her own story,
visited several Kansas cities before
she was found by Harvey Dean, her
husband. The bride declared McCord
had exerted q hypnotic influence over
her.
Lower coast gazette., 1914-01-24
HUNDREDS DIE IN
CRATER ERUPTION
TROOPS GUARD CITY OF KAGO.
sHlMA, EVACUATED BY JAPS
AFTER FLOW or LAVA.
HOT BOWLDERS SINK JUNKS
Tidal Wave, Quakes and Activity Of
Many More Volcanoes Terrorize
Observation-Disclosures Have
Means Of Escape.

Toxic, Japan.-A wireless dispatch
from the Japanese cruiser Tone re-
ports the arrival Of the cruiser and
destroyers at Kagoshima. The erup-
ton Of S%akurarima continues with
great violence, ashes falling on the
warships." According to the message
Kagoshima has been evacuated by the
inhabitants, but the troops remain.
Other %violences in the Island of Kill
shiu showing extreme activity include
Iso, Kirishima, Takamuma and Oosen,
and the greatest CONSERVATION pre-
walls.
Miyazaki. capital Of the province Of
the same name, and the fortified city
of Kumamoto, IS miles east Of Maya.
saki, are believed to be in great dan.
ger.
100 to 800 Reported Dead. !,
The official report estimates that
100 persons were burned to death by
the eruption Of Eakura-Jima. Some
newspapers give the number as more
than 300. Many persons were rescued
by iunks, but several junks were cap
sized by hot powders.
Earthquakes have occurred at Hiro
shima, on the south coast of the Island
Of Hondo, and at Okayama.
Kagoshima is the center Of a largs
pottery and porcelain industry, which
employs thousands of artisans and
laborers. The heavy ash fall extends
far to the north and has enveloped
the important cities OF Nagasaki and
Kumamoto, as we'll as many small
cities and towns.
200 Foreigners at Nagasaki.
Only Nagasaki has any considerable
foreign population. There are about
| q -sS.nerlCdno sHsfe
They have ample opportunity to es
cape to sea If a serious condition con
fronts the city.
The foreign Office received a dis
| patch from the former minister tt
| China, Fl. 1juin, now a resident Of
| Kagoshima, sent from that city only
a few hours before. 1t read:
"About ten persons have been killed
and 80 injured. The whole city is II
| great confusion"
The. foreign Office thinks this indi
Gates the early reports were vastl,
exaggerated.
Lower coast gazette., 1914-01-24
PLANTER TAKES OWN LIFE
Will 3. Graham Leaves Letter Blam,
ming Financial Troubles for Act.
western Newspaper Union News Service,

Western Newspaper Union New Service.
shreveport.-After writing letter,
to his wife and son, in which he ex,
planned that on account Of financial
troubles he planned the tragedy some
time ago, and would have enacted ii
sooner had it not been for his desire
for the family to pass the holidays
happily, Will B. Graham, aged about
so years, one of the best-known Red
River planters, residing at Red Chute,
Bossier parish, lay down on q hotel
bed while fully dressed, placed a mis-.
toll at his right temple and pulled the
trigger. The bullet emerged through
the left temple, causing death almost
instantly.
Graham was prominently connected
in Caddo and Bossier parishes.
Lower coast gazette., 1914-01-24
Judo Vale Resigns.

Baton Roue.-Governor Hall has
received the 'efgnation Of John Dale,
as Judge Of tb Tenth Judicial Dis
trict, comprbiE the parishes Of Ten
sas and Cclcrdia. Judge Dale re-
signs to tale lp the law practice Of
the late j. ). oatner. j. E. Clayton,
of Concordh, member of the legis-
..,ature and 81 of the administration
floor leaders the house, will be a can.
didate to sued Judge Dale.
Lower coast gazette., 1914-01-24
FAVORS LAW TO SAVE CALVES
U. 8. Hotel Keepers in Next conven-
ton Will Discuss Subject Of
Serving Of Veal.

Chicago, Ill.-A petition for a
law to prohibit the killing Of calves
and the serving Of veal in the United
States may be signed by the hotel
keepers Of Chicago al their next con
yention.
Richard Gray, president of the Ho-
tel Association tts Chicago, started a
discussion on the subject, following
the action of the hotel stewards Of
Atlanta, who adopted q resolution de-
claring that no more veal be served
in Atlanta hotels.
Lower coast gazette., 1914-01-24
NAV Lease Ou.Riohta.

Baton Rouge.-Fred ]. Grace, regis.
trar Of the state land office, went to
iberia parish to make an inspection
OF Lake Peigneur to investigate the
advisability of accepting bids for the
lease Of the oil and mineral rights on
this land. Several such bids have beer
received recently.
Lower coast gazette., 1914-01-24
TAFT SITS FOR A SCULPTOR
Bust Of Former President Of U. S. 10
BE Put In Hague Peace Palace
Nearly Completed.

New York.-For several weeks
Prof. William Howard Taft Of
Yale has been giving sittings to c. S.
Pietro of this city, who is making a
bust Of the former president to be
placed in The Hague Palace Of Peace.
The proposal to install the bust
there was conceived by the New York
Peace society. The work is now prac-
tically completed.
Lower coast gazette., 1914-01-24
paw $500 for plantation.

shreveport Congressman Rufus
Hardy. Of eicana, Texas, and his
cousin, Cold George W. Hardy, Of
shreyeport,v e purchased the Chicot
Island planon, on Red River, COM
nrising nea 1900 acres, for $1,000
from Stateaator Leon X. smith.
Lower coast gazette., 1914-01-24
train ErozAn to Rails.

Albany, N. VA Delaware & Hud-
son train froze to the rails at Sara
toga and had to be thawed out, which
consumed half an hour. It is reported
that the mercury dropped to As de-
grees below zero at Wilton.
Lower coast gazette., 1914-01-24
Tone Bandlt Holds up Traln.

6VHe od'0tt u Up fdIn.
Atlanta, Ga.-A lone bandit boarded
Western and Atlantic passenger train
No. ] at Winnings. Ca. robbed passen.
gers IN n Of the coaches Of several
hundred dollars, and after engaging
In q revolver duel with a deputy
sheriff. who was on board, jumped
from the train at Baton. Ga.
Lower coast gazette., 1914-01-24
Ship Reported in Distress

Halifax, N. S.-A wireless cry Aol
help from the Royal Mail steamer
Cobequid, fast on the drea4ed ieoses
of Grand Manan, followed five hours
later by a final ticker Il her radio
saying the ship was allirg, mas caused
grave concern for the 72O persons on
board.
Lower coast gazette., 1914-01-24
]. $4,000 for Prize auIi.

Utica, N.Y.. NJ. Jones. Of Clinton
has completed negotiations for the
purchase Of Spring-farm Pontiac Cor.
i1ucopfa, 9 Holstefn Ftiesian bull, for
which he will pay $4,000 to Colvin
Yeshane Of Richland N. Y.
Lower coast gazette., 1914-01-24
Olive OH for Shoes.

Patent leather shoes may be kept
in good condition during the cold
weather by rubbing them with a little
olive oil and polishing with a piece
Of Canton flannel. This will keep the
leather from cracking and the shoes
will always appear new.
Lower coast gazette., 1914-01-24
Teachers to Go to Munich,

Washington.-A party OF about IS
teachers will go to Munich, Germany.
in April to study the educational
methods employed in the trade con-
t:nuation schools Of that city, the fed.
eral bureau Of education announced.
Lower coast gazette., 1914-01-24
Ioui.;ara Debates Named.

Baton p,uge.-L0uisana's varsity
dehaters who vii meet Tennessee
and Teas this var, we're elected by
the faulty committee on debating, as
fo,,oIs: A. B. Whitlow and Fisher
Middleton, prinapals, and J. NJ. Ben
1T. alternate for the affirmative
cam; "A. S. j. Trappey and 7. ].
Magee, princirls and R. H. Lee, al
ternate for th negative.
Lower coast gazette., 1914-01-24
Ancient Grown Is Found.

Vienna.-Seyere storms at Cracow.
in Galicia, formerly capital Of the
kingdom of Poland, have unrooted
an ancient elm, revealing the hiding
place of the crown worn by the FOR
ner kings Of Poland.
Lower coast gazette., 1914-01-24
~. 00O for : Foot Of Land,

$27,UUU Tor q FOOT OF Land.
Chicago.-One foot of land fronting
en- State street was bought by a de-
partment store for $4,000. The land
has a depth of 80 feet and was q
strip between two properties which
had never been built on.
Lower coast gazette., 1914-01-24
Admits Drownjno ChUdren.

Vu'H'1S DROWNING Cht1oreEI.
Union City, TENNIS. Hennie
Yates. charged with drowning her two
small stepchildren, pleaded guilty to
second.degree murder and was given
an indeterminate prison sentence Of
from 10 to 20 years.
Lower coast gazette., 1914-01-24
7 Persons Freeze to Death.

New York.-In the intense cold In
and about New York seven persons
have been frozen to death or died
from the results Of exposure. Not
since February, 1899 has New York
known such bitter weather.
Lower coast gazette., 1914-01-24

Everett, Wash.-Posses are search
Ing for five masked men who escaped
with $4,000 after holding up the State
bank at Granite Falls, Is miles north
of here.
Lower coast gazette., 1914-01-24
PIcketlna IL Held Local.

Kansas City, Mo.-:Union men have
the right to picket, so long as they are
peaceful and do not use b~oisterous
language or conduct themselves In
an obnoxious way, Judge Ralph 8.
Latshaw decided in the criminal court
Lower coast gazette., 1914-01-24
Fears for German Liner.

Havana.-Repeated wireless mes
sages were sent from here seeking
some report on the big Hamburg
American liner DANA, which Is due
here from Europe. The agents attri.
buted the delay to heavy weather.
Lower coast gazette., 1914-01-24
Car Filled With UndesirabIes.

Car Filled With UndestrabIes.
San Francisco.-A carload Of q un-
desirable citizens, ordered deported
by federal authorities, left Oakland
bound for New York. Ten different
nationalities, picked up in all parts
of the west are represented.
Lower coast gazette., 1914-01-24
hand Soar.

Hard Soap.
Soap that is allowed to dry and
harden lasts twice as long as If used
when fresh. Therefore, 1t is cheaper
to buy in quantities and keep 1t in q
dry place.
Lower coast gazette., 1914-01-24
N.,w jsiana postmasters

New ,Isiana Postn1asters.
Washing 7. Falconer
has been ointed postmaster at In.
mis-, Ia, aired Peninger at Grabow,
La.
Lower coast gazette., 1914-01-24

New FrankIintcn Bank Opens.
Franklinton.-The Washington Bank
and Trust Company has opened under
favorable auspices,
Lower coast gazette., 1914-01-24
AMERICAN TELLS
OF SAKURASH|MA
WITNESS DESCRIBES DEsTRuc.
TON OF KAGoSHiMA DEvAs.
TATED BY. VOLCANO.
FLEE IN WILD PANIC
Buildings Crash About inhabitants
Rushing for Safety 50 Waterfrontaa
Refugees Are Camping in
a Graveyard.

Tokio.-A letter received here from
I. K. Hoyer of the Young Mems Chris.
tan association at K~agoshima, tells
graphically the story of the eruption
Of Sakurashima and Of the events that
followed 1t. The letter, which Is dated
Jan. IL, says:
"Sakurashima has now been in VIC.
lent eruption for Is hours. There
was a severe earthquake at 6:35 this
evening and in panic the people fed
to the hills.
Great damage was done by the
shock. Stone walls are lying ia the
streets, chimneys have fallen through
the roofs Of the fimsy wooden struc'
lures, the dixie lies in ruins and In
every home furniture has been smash
ed and valuable vases and ornaments
destroyed.
"The people who remain in the city
are camping in the streets, the temple
grounds and graveyards. There has
been no footing. although the shops
are exposed. The crater's roar keeps
all the people awake. The. first erup'
ton occurred at 9 O'clock this. morn
ing and ashes were hurled high in the
air. Schools were suspended and
usiness came to a standstill.
Lower coast gazette., 1914-01-24
Island Mass Of Pumics.

"Sakurashima, which is 26 miles IN
circumference, probably was the most
beautiful island in Japan, but now It
will be q disfgured, ugly mass Of
pumice il It does not disappear alto
gether.
"As the foregoing sentence was
written a door collapsed directly on
the front Of my desk. The air concus.
,sions are terrific. It Is impossible to
tell how long the house will bear the
shaking. The very floor is moving
away from under my feet. It is dan.
gerous to walk in the street, for the
fear OF being struck by falling walls
or tiles. Sleeping is entirely out Of
the question.
Early this evening the skies above
s~akurashima were fire red and the
large full moon actually was bloody.
No painter would have pictured dooms
day more wildly"
Lower coast gazette., 1914-01-24
People Flee Destitute.

EE A .Hr-#r ML-
"Many persons had left Sakurashi.
ma, warned by the severe earth shocks
and the swelling Of the earth. Hun.
dreds OF sampans brought the desti.
tute across the bay to Kagoshima.
From this city could be seen the ap-
palling shower Of rocks, some of them
apparently as large as a house, hurled
hundreds of feet into the air and
9v~efss5
evening it Is probable that all the vii.
lagos on the mountain have been
buried.
AT the wharf many pitiful scenes
were witnessed. Women were weep.
Ing or crying for protection. They
could hardly wait to reach the shore
to tell the story Of those left behind,
One old man carried a pet bird. Five
thousand destitute persons are quar-
tered in the schools and temples Of
Kagoshima. All the people have fed
from the waterfront and carts packed
with bedding and trunks, and women
laden with burdens on their backs
are Fastening from the city.