davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-06-06

Owing to the gradually decreasing
number of wild fur bearing animals,
mole skins have found a ready mar
ket and are valuable commercially,
according to Farmers Bulletin 55S,
department of agriculture. 1t is
significant to the lack of attention to
small business matters, however, that
American moleskins are not quoted
or offered on the markets. All the
skins used by American furriers are
imported from Europe.
Auction lists of fur dealers In Lon
don show that more than 100000
moleskins were sold in 1911, 1912, and
1918. A small lot OF American mole
skins secured by the Biological Sur
yey, L. S. department of agriculture,
was prepared and made up by an
in every respect equal or superior TO
to European skins. It seems likely,
therefore, that new industry
amounting to many thousands of dol
lars annually might be developed in
this country.
In this country there are five rec
ognized groups of true moles, two
OF which are confined to the Pacific
coast and the other three are distri-
buted over the section east OF the
one hundredth meridian extending
from Canada 70 the Gulf Of Mexico.
In the latter districts and in the
greater part OF New Jersey, Pennsyl-
vaRia. New York, and New England
the common mole occurs with the
star-nosed mole and Brewers mole.
The mole Is so seldom seen. even
by those who are familiar with its
work, that il is often confused with
other small creatures, particularly
the shrew, the mole or meadow
mouse, and the pocket gopher. How
ever. It can be readily distinguished
by its stout, short, front limbs end
ing in broad, rounded hands with
palms turned outward. II has a
rather elongated body. close plush
like fur a pointed snout and a short
tail. Neither eyes nor ears are in
evidence. It is a creature of strictly
subterranean habits.
II is believed commonly that the
mole works only at regular periods
each day, but direct observation
taken in late summer and fall fail to
substantiate the theory. The moles
are distasteful and seldom eaten by
domestic cats and dogs which have
learned to catch them, Hawks and
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-06-06

generally introduced by newly-pur-
chased birds or by birds which have
been 10 exhibitions and. there exposed
to sick fowls. Sometimes 1t is car
ried by pigeons and other small birds.
Very often an outbreak IS caused by
contagion from an apparently we'll
bird which had the disease and re-
covered months before.
The cOntagion is spread through
the mucous which escapes from the
nostrils or that which is forced out
in the acts Of sneezing or coughing,
in the saliva, the secretions Of the
eyes, and also the excrement. When
the disease appears in a flock the
floors Of the houses, the drinking
cups and feeding troughs are at once
affected by the diseased birds, and
the we'll ones soon contract the dis
ease from the contaminated water
and food. II is, consequently, but a
few days before a large part Of the
flock shows symptoms, though some
are much more severely affected than
others.
How Disease Begins.
Diphtheria begins as a local irrita-
ton or inflammation at some point on
the internal surface of the mouth,
throat, nostril or eyes. At this time
the general health is not yet affected,
and there is nothing but the diph-
theritic deposit to indicate that the
bird has been attacked. This deposit
is at first thin, yellowish or whitish
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-06-06

Tie tent caterpillar. which last
summer did considerable damage 70
apple, wild cherry and other similar
trees throughout northern New Jer-
sey, promises TO be eTen more abun-
dant this year, and is certain to DO
considerable more damage unless
proper means Of control are adopted.
This pest should be fought b. every
one, no matter whether the owner Of
q feW trees or mauv.
One Of the best descriptions Of the
tent caterpillar and its habits and
methods Of control is that given b.
Professor z. Dwight sanderson. di-
rector Of the Vest Virginia station,
as follows: From the earliest times
the webs Of the tent caterpillar have
adorned the neglected, waysitle apple
and cherry trees in all parts Of the
country east Of the Rocky Mountains.
On the Pacific coast a nearly related
species has very similar habits. The
adult moths are common in July in
the north or In May in the Gulf States.
They are stout-bodied. Of a reddish
brown color. with two nearly parallel
white bands extending obliquely
across the forewings. The females
have wing expanse Of about one
and one-half inches. while the males
are smaller and may be distinguished
by their feathery autennae. The sexes
soon mate and the females deposit
their eggs about five or six weeks
after apples blossom. The egg-mass
is from one-half TO three-quarters Of
an inch long and forms a grayish
brown, knot-like band around the
twig on which It is laid, closely re-
sembling the bark in color. Each
macs contains about 200 eggs placed
on end packed closely together and
covered with a light brown, frothy
glue, which gives a, tough, smooth,
glistening surface to the whole mass.
The little caterpillars hatch just as
the leaf buds are expanding in the
spring. Outlines they emerge before
the leaf buds have expanded sutfi-
GENTLY to furnish any food, in which
case they satisfy their hunger with
glutinous covering of the egg-mass,
spinning a thin web over il.
Soon they are able to bore into the
buds and a web is commenced at the
nearest crotch. Wild cherry and ap-
pie are the favorite food-plants and
are often stripped of foliage year
after year. but all of the common
fruit trees are more or less. fire.
quented, and when very abundant the
common shade trees are attacked and
occasionally one is defoliated. The
little caterpiilars from one egg-mass
cooperate In spinning the tent which
furnishes them shelter at night and
during cold or wet weather. This is
gradually enlarged with new layers
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-06-06
THE MOLE THAT SPOILSLAWNS
= HAS A VERY VALUABLE PELT

owls take small toll from the mole
tribe. as an examination of the stoTn-
ach contents of over 1000 of these
birds disclosed the remains OF but u
naoles. of which had been eaten By
the red-tailed hawk. by the red
shouldered hawk. and one each BIZ
the broad-vinged hawk, the barred
owl, the great gray owl and the
screech owl
From an examination Of the stofn-
ach contents Of 200 Moles taken n
all months of the year 1t was found
that earthworms and white grubk
constitute the bulk OF the food.
Beetles and their larvae, spiders, cen
tipedes, cocoons and puparia also
form a part of the diet. Seed coats
OF corn. wheat. oats and peanuts
have been seldom found in stomachs
of the moles.
Complaints Of damage or depreda-
tons by moles are frequent and in
sistent. However. in very many cases
a thorough investigation would show
that the smaller rodents which follow
the mole's runways are responsible
for the damage to corn and other
cultivated seed products that grow
under ground.
When il IS desirable to destroy the
mole the trap will be found to be the
most efficient means. So far all ex-
periments undertaken with the OBJ
ject of finding an acceptable poison
bait have given negative results. as
the very nature OF the animals food
makes it difficult TO secure salts
factory substitute of 1--we worms,
grubs. and insects. Moreover the lit
tie animal seems to be shrewd and
quick TO sense the danger. in poi
sOlOllS substances
There are a number OF excellent
mole traps on the market. most Of
which win give good results II prop
erly set. There are the harpoon, the
scissor jaw, and the choker types.
happening traps are designed to i'm
pale the mole in the ground BIZ
spring driven spikes. The scissor jaw
traps are intended to be set astride
the runway TO grasp the mole firmly
when he attempts TO pass in either
direction, and the choker trap has ..
set OF wire loops that encircle the
burrow when the trap is set. Ali
three types are designed to be sprung
by the same sort Of mechanism, a
trigger pan resting on a depressed
portion Of the mole ridge in such a
way as 10 be lifted when the animal
masses beneath.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-06-06

be a dust bath, where the hens may
get rid of lice. Poultry lice breathe
through pores in their sides, and fine
dust fills these pores and suffocates
the vermin. Road dust, hard coal
ashes, or dry dirt OF any kind will
accomplish the purpose. Wood ashes.
II damp, may stain the feathers and
otherwise harm the fowls.
Sometimes, If the hens are badly in
tested Persian insect powder may be
added to the material in the dust
bath. A tight box, 3 feet by 3 feet,
and l foot deep, is a good receptacle
for the dust. 1t should be placed
where the sun can shine on 1t, as
many hours as possible, for when the
hens are not exercising by scratching
for their food they will spend a good
deal of their time in the dust BATH
which induces exercise.
The hens will not use the bath
freely unless the air is warm, for
they dislike to open their feathers and
expose their bodies to air below so de-
EreeS
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-06-06
81 ,AW CABBAGE FROM CHINA

plants will make better growth.
The plants must be manured
heavily when about eight or ten
inches high-not sooner, or they will
"burn," and not later or they will
not mature before cold weather. The
leaves should be tied UP when they
are pretty we'll grown, SO that the
long, loose leaves will not fall away
from the centre and become FROST
bitten il extra fine close heads are de-
sired. The cabbages need a good
deal of room. Therefore the plants
should be placed not less than two
feet apart in rows that have at least
three feet space between.
Further information on how to
cultivate this cabbage, as well as
seeds for the same, may be obtained
by writing the Office of Foreign Seed
and Plant Introduction, U. S. Depart
ment of Agriculture, Washington,
d. C.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-06-06
Success with Lima Beans.

Please tell me in the Question Box
how to plant and raise Lima beans.
East Orange. T. B. NJ.
only moderately rich soil, as the
tendency of more than moderate fer
tility is to produce an abundance OF
vines and comparatively few beans.
Contrary to this general tendency,
the lima bean requires a rich soil;
there is no use trying to raise limas
on poor land for they will hardly re-
turn the grower his seed. They want
the warmest and richest soil In the
garden.
There are two types OF lima beans,
the pole beans and the bush or dwarf
sorts which require no support. In
general, the pole sorts are less hardy
than the bush varieties. and so will
not stand as early planting as the
latter kind. However. with due pre-
caution as to this point, and care as
to thorough culture. the pole beans
usually gives satisfactory results.
They are rapid growers under favor
able conditions, and will ordinarily
come into use only a few days later
than the low-growing varieties.
The ground for limas should be
deeply and thoroughly worked before
planting, winch, with pore SUITS,
should not be done before rea-
sonably settled warm weather.
Plant the latter in hills about
three feet apart. using five OF
six beans TO the hill. These
should be scattered somewhat If pole
supports are to be provided, leaving
the centre of each hill vacant to give
place to the pole. Many gardeners
prefer q trellis of posts and wire or
Irvine because poles are often difficult
to obtain. The gardener who has a
supply of poles should preserve them
from year to year. Bush limas may
be planted closer than the pole va
rieties; the rows may be from "a to
90 inches apart and the hills 20 inches
apart or single plants about every
nine inches in the rows. Cover not to
exceed an inch in depth. Give IRE
ouent shallow cultivation until the
flowers appear.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-06-06
Time for Moving PeOnies, Irises an
Delphinlums.

Time for Moving Peonies, Irises and
Delphiniums.
Will you kindly inform me as to
the best time to transplant old and
established clumps of peonies. del
phlniums and German irises, also as
to the preparation of the soil for the
peonies? L. L. w.
Newark.
It is advised that the clumps OF
peonies and irises be moved some
time between September 1 and Octo-
Der 10, and the delphiniums late IN
April or early in May. For the
peonies, excavate two feet deep, put
in six inches of well-rotted COW
manure and dig it in, then fill W, the
excavation with rich loan in which
a fourth part of well-rotted COW
manure has been thoroughly incor-
porated from six months TO a year
before use. If the soil is heavy
clay. use a mixture Of one part Of
soil. one of well-rotted manure, one
Of leaf mold and one of sand.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-06-06
Poisoned Bran Mash for Cut Worms.

Can YOU give me any method of
killing cut worms, which seem to IN
fest my garden this year? E. r
Orange. -,.
one of the most important classes
of insects the vegetable grower mas
to combat is the cut worm. These
are readily controlled, however, by
using the bran bait prepared and
applied as follows:
With twenty-five to thirty-hve
pounds of wheat bran thoroughly
mix, while dry, one-half pound OF
paris green. Dilute one quart or any
cheap syrup with two or three gallons
of water and mix with the bran ana
green. Add enough more water TO
wet all the bran, but do not nave II
sloppy. The exact proportions are
not important, and in making up
small lots it is customary TO SUR IN
lust enough paris green to give 20 the
mixed product a faint tinge OF green.
Then sweetened water is added unta
the mass is of the right consistency
This bait is scattered over infested
lands in little heaps, which keep
moist longer if covered with pieces
of board. The cut worms are more
ant to find the poison when thus ND
den since they retreat to such loca-
tions for hiding during the day. A
teaspoonful Of the mixture put at the
base of each garden plant liable TO
attack will afford good protection. II
the plants are in drilled rows, me
of bait may be placed along each SIDE
of the row. 1t is always best, when
possible. to put the bait in gardens
when freshly plowed, before the
orons are DIanted. The worms, find
ing nothing above ground to eat put
the bait, feed on it greedily, ana are
DESTROYED before the crop is planted.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-06-06
Alfaits for Hens.

Is alfalfa and dry-cut clover a good
feed for hens? j. +.
Newark.
Alfalfa Is one of the best green
foods. 1t is also valuable dry, prefer
ably mealed. When this is not prac-
teal, feed from racks, keeping it be-
fore the hens all the time. Cut clover
is nearly as valuable as alfalfa and
should be fed in the Same way.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-06-06
Setting Out Celery.

What time shall I set out celery
plants? a "a
Nutley.
That depends upon several condi-
lions. II you want TO get the crop
for summer use you should have
bought plants big enough to put out
in the garden in April. But If you
do not care to have the crop mature
until October you need not plant
until the first of July.
There are really two seasons Tor
growing celery, the spring season and
the fall. The characteristic OF the
crop is that 1t requires cool and wet
weather For that reason 1t does not
thrive in midsummer. There is an
early demand for celery and some
gardeners manage to have ii to offer
at all seasons. But the main crop is
set in July, and even as late as Au-
gust /. Moisture and manure are the
key words.
If it is rich enough and wet enough
YOU can grow il anywhere. Celery
does not injure by light frosts, it will
stand uninjured when other crops go
down. But a heavy freeze which
makes ice will hurt it. And a repeti-
ton of such freezes will cause it TO
rot at once. --1
Whether you plant for early or late
crop persistent and careful culture
must be given to secure rapidity OF
growth,
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-06-06
THE COUNTRY CALENDAR
Practical Hints About Things Do at This Season in Garden
and Greenhouse, the Orchard and the Poultry Yard.

Remember that in selecting any
bushes, vines or flowers, there are
many varities of one family. For in
stance. a trumpet vine has clusters OF
scarlet flowers, and you may plant
one and be surprised to find your vine
bearing yellowish- scarlet trumpets.
Then, too, there is not only a scarlet
sage. but a blue one as well, under
the family name of saliva.
Spireas are pale pink and yellow,
as well as the better known white.
Every garden should have two or
three planted together in a corner.
Do not separate your bushes.
If you have several lilacs keep them
together, or If half a dozen Of the
beautiful barberries, plant them to-
gether around the porch or as a
hedge. If you have but one OF each
variety, then let it stand alone as a
specimen
The lilac requires sun and good
soil. Dig deeply, using bone meal or
manure Plant from three to FIVE
feet apart TO allow for spreading
Everybody may not know the wei
CELIA, with It's trumpet-shaped bios
SONS of rose, pink or carmine, some
times white. The carmine pink, Eva
Rathld," is recommended for it's
length of towering time. II is also q
tall bush.
The barberry is an exquisite bush
and should become as well known in
small gardens as in large. It is grow
ing rapidly in favor because il is as
beautiful in winter as in summer.
The Japanese barberry has white
flowers, masses Of deep scarlet ber-
ries lasting all winter and brilliant
autumn foliage. Il grows about three
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-06-06
ASK THE QUESTION BOX"
What You Want TO Know About Gardening Poultry and COun
try Problems Answered by Experts

only
to
in
of
Newark
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-06-06

Get the layers to drink all the
water or milk you can. Eggs are
very largely made up of water, and
the birds cannot lay heavily without
a constant supply. Frequent changes
induce frequent drinking
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-06-06

Which Is the better for egg produc-
ton, beef scrap or graduated milk?
Caldwell z. 5.
Beef scrap generally gives the bet
ter results.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-06-06

A neighbor tells me that the dust
bath for hens is useless in this age
Belleville. ]. F. r.
In every poultry house there should
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-06-06

Nons Cataiog Of Seeds. Plants and Bulbs
ia a trustworthy guide for dependable yar.e-
siiustrstionr from photographs and 10 book
81 valuable and reliable informs lion with
many suggestions. The catzlog viii be lady
sent 10 ali who appreciate QUALITY II eeedA
a postcard viii bring Il.
J. h. N0LL q CO..
2zk Mulberry street. 6ew1xk y. =
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-06-06

Is sweet corn difficult to grow? l
have a small plot 1 would like to use
for this vegetable. A u
Irvington.
Sweet corn is crop that is very
easily grown. 1t is not particular as
10 soil. provided it be fertile. After
narrowing thoroughly, lay oil FUR
rows three to three and one-half feet
apart and drill the seeds at least SIX
inches apart, or thin them TO that
distance after they come UP. One
would perhaps do better to drop the
seeds. two in a place, twelve to fifteen
inches apart. Frequent shallow Guilt
walton should be given throughout
the season.
There are different types of sweet
corn some maturing much earlier
than others. The ears should not be
allowed to harden before harvesting.
They are ready to use as soon as the
Grains have passed what is known
as "the milk stage.
The best varieties are Stowells
evergreen, Country Gentleman,
Golden Bantam and Mammoth White.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-06-06

feet high. The common barberry
-four to five feet has yellow flowers
and purplish-red berries completely
covering the plant and remaining
nearly all winter. The purple barber
~ Is the same as the preceding one
but with lovely purple foliage. The
priclSly nature OF the barberry fits il
for hedging.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-06-06

Look hard after lice and use liquid
lice killer and lice powder freely.
Don't let the bugs" get start.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-06-06

Have you provided shade In tho
runs? Failure TO do so results In
chicks that won't feather
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-06-06

An original and remarkably effect
i've border for beds is a mixture Of
white alyssum and parsley, and the
daintiest Of crimped and curled love-
illness Is parsley. Forget its useful
ness for a moment and regard its
beauty. Picture its crisp. curly green
ness combined with snowy patches OF
our old friend. sweet alyssum. Pars-
ley stands up straight and fresh
through July drought and November
snow.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-06-06

The deutzia is fine, medium-sized.
free-flowering bush bearing a foun-
tain OF snowy blossoms in spring or
early summer and good separately or
in masses. These. too, thrive In the
sun. There are several good varieties.
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1914-03-19
NORTH DAKOTA'S WONDERFUL
RESOURCES.

The bank capital and surplus of
North Dakota's state and national
banks is $2O,6O0,OOo.
North Dakota's bank deposits in
creased from $9,109,OO0 in 1898 to
$9O.321, 900 in 1918, or 1000 per cent.
No other state can approach this in
percentage Of increase.
North Dakota has the largest unde-
veloped coal area in the world.
North Dakota has the largest till
able are of any state in the Union.
North Dakota has the loest death
rate and the highest birth rate of any
state.
North Dakota live stock marketed
at South St. Paul as follows: 49,.
In 1913, hogs, head, 160,033. 1912,
hogs, head, 64,044, percent increase,
~.
In 1918, sheep, head, 79,425. 1912,
sheep, head, 59,572; percent increase,
80.
In 1918, horses, head, 558,237. 1912,
horses, head 100000; per cent in
crease, 1875. ..-
In 1913, car loads, 6,310. 1912, car
loads, 4,104; percent of increase, 81.