The Washington times., 1914-06-09
BedIington Terrier Educated as
a Child, Gives Remarkable
Exhibitions of ThG.stN Do
Psychologists.
Spells PhoneticaIIy by Tapping
and Corrects Own Mistakes
in Language - Describes
Pictures. Also.

Instinct or reason?
To which can ne dscribe th'
high intelligence of certain ami
nldiSi
How much different is man from
the animals over which he hold:
dominion
With more than fifty years o.
evolutionary teaching, there is still
deeply rooted the feeling that mar
alone possesses a soul.
Research and experiment are as
sailing this stronghold.
Will future experiments disclose
lessons that will shame our mora
code2 asks DR.. G. B. Jacob, q
Woman, who contributes the fol-
lowing Illuminating study of "The
Reasoning Dog of Mannheim,
whose exploits have startled psy'
biologists the world over.
BY DIR. G. B. jacob.
The marvellous intelligence repeat
edly observed in some of the high
er animals is thoughtlessiy put
down TO mere instinct. and the COM
prehensiveness of this term is eH-
panded to absurdity. No theory
of instinct could possibly explain
the undeniable fact that dogs dream
and it is impossible for an unpreju-
diced person, who has observed
the behavior of an intelligent dog.
to doubt that animals possess pow
ers Of reasoning. And TO anyone
who has acquired the habit OF evolu-
tional thinking. this is a necessary
logical conclusion. We possess.
moreover. material proofs OF the
high potential qualities of the brains
of some OF the higher animals. The
condition of a dogs mind is prob
ably very much the same as that
of a deaf-and-dumb child.
The dog has hitherto been unable
to express his thoughts; but il ap-
pears, from several scientific COM
nlunications recently published in
Germany, that this difficulty has
now been overcome, and that We
may be looking forward to an un-
dreamt-of development of animal
psychology In the future. The most
recent observations in animal psy-
chology concern a Bedlington ter
rier named Rolf. three years old.
belonging TO a lady in Mannheim
Discovering his unusual intelligence,
his owner determined to educate
him exactly as II he had been q
child, and without knowing anything
Of Herr KralIs method OF animal
instruction.
Taps With His Paw.
DR.. Gruber. Of the University Of
Munich, publishes in one of the best
known German medical journals an
account of four examinations Of the
mental power Of this dog, made just
before Christmas 1913. He points out
that any kind Of fraud or voluntary
or involuntary signs made TO the
dog was absolutely out Of the ques-
ton, because Of the strict control
and precautions taken, quite apart
from the fact that the owner of the
dog is a highly esteemed lady in
Mannheim, who does not exhibit the
dog for gain. These examinations
were made in the presence Of several
weIl-known biologists and other in
dependent witnesses, and sometimes
in the absence OF the dogs owner.
When answering questions Rolfs
behavior is entirely different from
that seen in trained animals. He
gives his answers by tapping with
his left paw. either on a piece Of
cardboard held out TO him or direct
ly in the hand Of the questioner:
every letter OF the alphabet is eX-
pressed by a certain number Of taps.
and after every letter he makes
distinct pause.
His spelling, like that OF the Elber-
field horses. is purely phonetic,
and all unnecessary vowels are omit
ted. "Mutter'' is spelt ''mdr" and