davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-01-10
PREPARE NOW FOR SPRING GARDENING
Early Operations Spring

OF course, you can't dig in the gar
den now, but you can dig on paper
and map out just exactly what you
are going to plant this spring and
where you are going to plant. Try
to get the most out of your plot of
ground by rotating the crops.
After you have decided just what
you are going to raise and where you
are'going to grow it, give early atten-
ton to getting your orders to the
seedsmen. They all carry large stocks,
but it is inevitable that when the
busy season starts they will find 1t
almost impossible to replace stocks
of varieties for which there is an I'M
expected demand.
After you decide on your seed lists
and send IN your orders get ready to
raise some of the plants, such as to-
matoes, cabbage, celery, peppers, in
flats in the home. All you can do
now is to get the flats and the soil
ready, as the actual planting need not
be done for some weeks to come.
The first thing necessary for start
ing seeds indoors for the flower and
vegetable garden Is a supply of suit
able soil. The soil for this purpose
should be a good, fine. sandy, garden
loan. 1t should be sifted through an
ordinary ash sieve with a mesh of
three-eighths to one-half inch. While
this soil should be very mellow and
friable, it should not be made up with
new additions of manure. An over
rich soil is liable to make the seed
lings grow with too much vigor and
become spindIing and weak.
The handiest boxes, or flats, for
starting the seeds should not be over
three inches In depth, inside measure
ment. They should not be too large
and clumsy. Convenient sizes for
easy handling and for window use
should be about ten by fifteen or
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-01-10

twelve by eighteen inches. These OBJ
long-shaped flats are generally used
by both the amateur and the profess
siona1 gardener. Avoid dovetailed
corners, as the moisture of the soil
invariably causes them to warp and
spread apart. The boxes which the
grocer receives his canned vegetables
in, make good flats when cut off to
the proper height.
The bottoms of the flats should
have numerous holes cut through
them. This is positively necessary
in order to assure proper drainage.
These holes should be from one-half
to three-quarters Of an inch in d.
ameter.
The soil which has been prepared
for the flats should now be finally
sifted through fine wire screen.
Place curved pieces of broken flower
pots or cinders over the holes inside,
on the bottom of the wooden flats.
Cover the bottom of the fiat with
coarse screenings to the depth Of an
inch or SO. Place this in carefully,
so as not to disturb or shift the pieces
that cover the drainage holes. Level
this soil, and then soak it thoroughly
with a spray or syringe, using luke
warm water, If convenient
Then fill the fiat with finely sifted
soil. Level this off with a piece of
sharp or smooth-edged board, and
finally lamp the soil down firmly,
but not hard enough to pack it, I'M
til the surface is about quarter
or one half-inch lower than the edge
of the fiat. 1t is now ready for the
seeds, which should be planted about
the middle or the latter part of
February, in this latitude.
The seeds should be planted in
rows running lengthwise with the
flat. The rows should be arranged
about two inches apart. They can
be marked out with the sharpened
edge of a narrow piece of wood.
Great care must be exercised In
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-01-10

Need Of succulent Material.
The feeding Of an abundance of
succulent material is necessary TO
supply the water, for the whole egg
contains over Sc per cent. of this
material.
Mangel beets and cabbage make
ideal succulent feeds, for they can
be grown In large quantities. can
be easily stored during the winter.
and are fed without excessive labor.
In the absence of these, oats should
be sprouted by being spread out on
flats to the depth Of one inch, and
kept at a temperature OF about sew
enty degrees. In about seven days
the sprouts will have attained a
length Of over four inches; this is
the most desirable stage at which to
feed them, to get the most water.
The laying hen should be COM
PEELED to take plenty of exercise
Exercise keeps the layers In the best
physical condition by keeping the
blood circulating and aiding diges-
ton. The best way to induce this
exercise is to feed all OF the cracked
and whole grains In deep litter on
the floor of the house.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-01-10

doing away with any danger Of re-
tarding the time of maturity or of
reducing the ultimate size and vigor
of the matured birds.
At maturity the pullets should be
placed in large, weIl-ventilated, dry
houses, for environment is a deter
mining factor in production.
The Ideal Poultry House.
The essential factors which a good
house should provide are: 1. Economy
in construction. 2. Convenience in
caring for. the birds. g. Direct sun
light should reach every part of the
house as much of the day as possible.
4. Absolute freedom from moisture
8. Well ventilated but not drafty
6. Give plenty of room for exercise.
7. Protection from extreme cold. s.
Construction must be rat and YER
min-proof.
These conditions are economically
and efficiently supplied by the use of
a rather deep shed-roof laying house
resembling the one shown in the ac-
companying cut. This is known as
the New Jersey multiple unit laying
house. which is designed on a unit
basis, each unit being twenty feet
square and having a capacity of one
hundred birds. or one bird to every
four feet of floor space, the cost for
material being lightweight cents per
bird.
A congenial environment means
cleanliness in all operations and at
tention to proper sanitary conditions
This means that the droppings should
be removed from the dropping boards
whenever they are wet or give off OBJ
Jectionable odors. When, by the use
of absorbents, the moisture content
can be reduced, they give off no OBJ
jectionable odor and are not harmful
The litter on the floor Of the house
should be removed and repla4d with
fresh clean material whenever it be-
comes wet, finely ground, and loses its
property to hide the grain. An inch
of sand should be kept on the floor.
and this covered with straw or shaw
ings to a depth OF from four to six
inches.
Poultry diseases, especially those of
a contagious nature, can be largely
prevented by spraying the interior of
the house four times year with a
complete disinfecting solution The
following is recommended as being
very effective: Five quarts slaked
lime, one pint of zenoleum, one pint
This mixture should be agitated
well and diluted with equal parts Of
water. and applied with a force-pump
through a spray nozzle.
An abundance of food best suited to
produce the greatest yigor in the lay
ing hens, and to stimulate the repro
ductive organs. is necessary if a
profitable egg-yield is TO be secured.
Efficient Poultry Rations.
An efficient poultry ration should be
prepared with the following factors In
mind: ID 1t must contain a suffi-
cient amount of food nutrients. (2)
These nutrients must be in the right
proportion. (3) 1t must be succulent
and palatable. 90 1t must be eco
nomical, but not necessarily cheap.
90 II must be regularly fed. 90 Grit,
she'll charcoal and salt must be sup
piled.
The following are the New Jersey
State dry mash and supplemental ra-
tions.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-01-10
Old Maine Hunting Gun.

Among his valued possessions
Harry Smith, of Skowhegan, Me-, has
a gun about $50 years old. and 1t has
proved not only safeguard, but it
has helped make history. It was
owned by his great grandfather. Cap
tain Churchill, who assisted Arnold
up the Kennebec on his expedition.
1t is known to have shot several men.
Captain Churchill used 1t at home in
hunting bears, and it has fifty notch
es on 1t to represent the number of
bears that it has shot. 1t is of the
old flintlock type, and heavy enough
to have killed bear if it had dropped
ON him.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-01-10

planting the seeds, so as not to get
them too deeply covered with the
soil.
Very fine seed should be sprinkled
in rows, and then pressed into the
soil with a smooth dry wooden block.
A good rule to follow is to put the
seed about two or three times the
depth of their thickness. Sow the
seeds plentifully, but leave at least
sufficient space between them to pre-
vent them from interfering or
crowding when they sprout and start
to grow.
Spray the surface of the soil thor
oughly with fine rose spray OF
syringe. Be exceedingly careful not
to wash out the seeds by forcing the
water too harshly upon the soil.
Cover the flats with several thick
nesses of newspaper, or a piece of
glass with a paper over It.
If the glass Is used it should be set
on tacks driven in the top edges of the
fats. This preserves the moisture
and admits sufficient air to prevent
mildew.
The flats should now be set into
warm place where there Is plenty of
good air, or at least sufficient indirect
ventilation to keep the air fresh.
Particularly is this necessary after
the seeds have terminated and pushed
their sprouts through the surface of
the soil.
Good, even temperature of from IS
to 70 degrees would be most desirable
for the flats. But a variation of
fifteen degrees at night will not do
any material harm. Sudden changes
of air must be avoided.
Remove the papers and glass as
soon as the seedlings appear. Allow
the flats plenty of light and sun. But
the direct sunlight should be used
with caution, and during the middle
of the day 1t is best to shield the
young growths with a newspaper
placed before the window.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-01-10

Saturday, June 81. The second series
will start on the first Saturday in
July and will expire on the second
Saturday in December. The shares
are rs cents each. Payments are
made weekly at the church club
rooms.
The purpose of the association is
to enable the depositors to save some
thing each week in order to have
some ready money at vacation time
and during the Christmas season.
Shares may be taken out at any time
during series. Carl Koelbe has been
elected treasurer of the association
and Harold Gartley assistant treas
urer. The official organ of the Semper
Paratus Club. TIE Torch. appeared
today.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-01-10
Savings Club Organized by
Young Men of "Old First"

The Young Mems Semper Paratus
Club Of the Old First Presbyterian
Church has organized a savings club.
which will be officially known as the
Semper Paratus Savings Association.
Membership in this association is not
limited to members of the Paratus
Club. but any who care to can take
nut shares. The savings club will
$un in two series of six months each.
he first series began on Saturday,
january 3. and will continue until
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-01-10
men by the state College onel.ls.

Under these conditions 1t is the best
policy to restrict the amount Of mash
eaten by leaving the hopper open DUR
ing the afternoon only. thus inducing
the birds to work more for the
cracked grains in the litter.
The following modification Of the
above mash will be found more eco
nomical for summer feeding, especial
~ II the birds have an abundance OF
free range with green grass and plenty
of grubs and insects:
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-01-10
MASH

Total .........-... lOOO <119o
1t will be seen that this dry mash
costs $3.50 per 100 pounds, and has a
nutritive ratio of 1-3.02.
This mash should be kept before the
birds all the time in large self-feeding
hoppers. During the moulting season,
or in the months of July, August and
September. it is advisable to substi-
lute oil-meal for the gluten in the
same proportion to hasten the growth
of feathers. The above mash is de-
signed especially for the feeding of
Leghorns. Where the heavier breeds
are kept, especially yearling and two
year-old hens, the tendency will usu-
ally be to take on an excess OF fat.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-01-10


1t will be seen that the summer dry
mash costs $1.70 for each 100 pounds,
and has nutritive ratio of 1-322
A Good Scratching Ration.
AS supplemental to the above mash
the following scratching ration is fed
every morning about o'clock, both
winter and summer, in deep litter.
It's primary object. aside from its
nutritive value, is to induce exercise
About five pounds of the scratching
ration is fed TO each 100 birds. on the
floor of the house or under some
shelter where the litter is dry and
where there is protection from cold
winds
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-01-10

At 4 or o'clock in the afternoon, de-
pending upon the season, night ra-
ton is fed, composed of whole and
cracked grains at the rate of ten
pounds to each one hundred birds.
This manner Of feeding gives to the
birds the material suitable for sup
plying heat TO the body during
the night. The following night RAJ
ton is designed for White Leghorns.
When feeding heavier breeds it is de-
sirable to eliminate one-half of the
cracked corn and all of the buck
wheat A good rule in feeding this
ration is to give all that the birds
win eat. or rather more, so as to have
a little left for them to go to work on
the next morning:
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1914-12-17
Stamp Out Shop-Liftins.

p lCHMOND department stores that have
L y united in determined and aggressive
crusade against shop-lifting deserve credit
for their efforts to stamp out this particularly
offensive form Of dishonesty. The shop
litter usually is woman who is not driven
to theft by anything resembling necessity
Either she is an old hand at the game. en-
gagged i'll 1t wholly Tor profit, or else, prompt
ed by a foolish vanity, is endeavoring to
supply deficiencies in her wardrobe at some
body elses expense.
In either the failure to prosecute is
false Kindness, both TO the offender and to
the community. 1t confirms her in her prac-
tees, encourages the emulation Of others
similarly weak in mind or morals and adds
an expense to store management that the
public has to meet
Thefts OF this type should be followed by
arrest and punishment. In cities where a
mistaken leniency encourages their commits
sion, system OF espionage is made neces-
sary. that is not nearly SO inconspicuous as it
is believed to be by the talented sleuths who
conduct IL, and that frequently is the occa-
sion or gross annoyance to respectable
women.
A few Jail sentences in cases where the
evidence is clear and palliating circum-
stances are shown, would have an excellent
effect.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1914-12-17
A "Purnle Paper" From Iluerta

IICTORIANO HUERTA is only former
President Of Mexico which is no par
ticular distinction, but his recent cabegram
from Spain to American newspapers is in
class quite different for certain Fortnight
directness and intelligibity from the white
yellow, and other hued papers" issued by
the various European governments concern
ing what brought about the European
conflict.
MI Hucrta does not call upon the judg-
ment Of mankind for fitting epithets to apply
to Messrs. CarranZa, Zapata and Villa He
merely goes into his own mind and produces
therefrom the unequivocal statement that
the man who asserts that he UIuerta) has
offered his fortune and sword to Villa is "a
villainous liar"-whatever other vices he
may have, Mr.. Huerta has never been accused
of being a punstcr---and then he proceeds to
solemnly declare" that he can never have
dealings with "Carranza the four-nusher.
'Aapata, the highwayman, nor with Villa the
iailbird."
Let it be admitted that the estimable and
euphonious Fictoriano has some acquaintance
with the three Mexican leaders as to whom
he issued his emphatic statement" There
fore, his carefully differentiated descrip-
lions of them are not without interest. MIR.
CarTanza is dubbed "a four-nusher," term
as we nave learned after much arduous re-
search, is applied to one engaged in Il game
at cards known as draw poker" who seeks
10 appropriate the stakes a hand that
contains four cards Of the same suite and
one Of another whereas five cards of the
same suite are the irreducible minimum
F1guratively, then, it is applied to one with
out the power to achieve his desires or en-
force his wishes--a basically less than
ne would have others think him to be or than
he thinks himself to be. Perhaps intelli-
gent observers of Mexican affairs would not
be disposed to challenge very resolutely this
characterization Of Mexco's most bewhisk-
cred Constitutionalist
In referring to the energetic Mr. Zapata ns
a 'hlghwayman,' we assume that Mr. Huerta
means TO be taken literally, and would in
sinuate that that son OF Mars is prone to
make wayfarers stand and deliver, at the
point OF the pistol, and that he does not in
tend to convey liguratively that Mr.. Zapata's
political morality does not approximate the
high ideals Of Mr.. Huerta himself
After calling one gentleman a highway. it
is bit OF an anticiimax to call the next one
merely jailbird, the description which Vic
toriano applies to Villa. And then there are
lallblrds and jailbirds. Some are agles and
others are crows. Some have the atmosphere
or noisome cells, and others of the big out
of-doors. Some croak hoarsely; others issue
words OF command that are heard and obeyed
Nlctoriano's purple paper" would be even
more illuminating than it is. had it speci-
fled just what sort of a jaiibird ''Pancho''
Villa is.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1914-12-17
War News Fifty Years Ago
tFrom the Richmond Dispatch, Dec. II, 49,

The monotony tho lines around Richmond
and Petersburg has been broken only by the ad :
vent OF many deserters from tho Federal lines.
These arc mostly Germans and hired soldiers of
other foreign nations. 1t seems that these for
eigners are deserving the Federal armies In large
numbers whole battalons coming over at a time
The result is that the Federals selecting tn cir
England, New York and Pennsylvania regiments,
and these are instructed to shoot deserters on the
day furlouEh and $50 In greenbacks has been
offered to any picket who shoots arrests de-
serter.
The enemy now has on the Richmond side of
the James River the Twenty fourth corps
twhite) and the Eighteenth corps. in which all
or the armed negroes have been consolidated.
me Iwenty-fourth occupies n part OF the line
to our extreme left while the negroes darken
the works from Fort Harrison. inclusive, down
to the rivers edge.
Secretary of War OF the United States. wired
General Dix in New York that he had no news
worthy OF mention except such as he had gath
cred from tho Richmond papers OF the day be-
fore. and that was as follows: Richmond
papers report General Sherman ut Bloomi n gdale
fifteen miles from Savannah. The severity of
the winter weather has prevented any important
move by either side at Nashville Nothing of
Importance is reported from the army OF the Pc
tomac or Of the Shenandoah"
Northern papers. insist that portion of Cen
ed the Cumberland River, twenty miles above
Fort Donclson. to invade Kentucky, and have
captured Hopkinsville in that State.
Northern papers also tell US that General
breckenridge. with force OF 10000 men is at
sparta, Tenn, endeavoring to form junction
with Hood.
In the Senate Of the State Legislature yester-
day Mr.. Nash, OF Chesterfield County. made his
first appearance and took his seat In cxplana-
ton OF his absence since the first assembling of
the Legislature he said ne n Confederate
soldier as well as Senator, and he had been very
busy I'm the field since the assembling of the law
makers. and this WAS the first chance he had had
to leave the front His excuse" was received
with applause, and after shaking hands with
every Senator the floor he modestly took his
seat.
The SO called peace resolutions offered In tho
Confederate Senate yesterday by Mr. Turner, Of
North Carolina, amended or all shape
and finally withdrawn for the present. Mr.
Barksdale, OF Mississippi. was the man who did
the most of the amending.
The markets are rather poorly supplied with
Christmas luNurics Turkeys and chickens are
very scarce, and Santa Claus seems have en-
tirely overlooked Richmond The Indications
that the Christmas festivities OF this year
will be very much on the lean order
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1914-12-17

certain sources Of revenue arc TO bc
given over entirely TO localities Tor
taxation and certain others TO III.
state. Thus tho taxes Oh real esta;.
and on the properties OF water. hcrt
light. telegraph and other compauior
Will be subject IN local taxation, whit,
the state VIII claim the WHOLE rctus
from clerks OF courts, corporations. iu.
surancc companies. intauriblcs and
similar classes. The alternative plan
Is FOR the appointment OF a permanent
commission to take charge Of taxation
The segregation" scheme is :, cievc,
attempt 10 siGcstep the question. The
greatest complaint has been over ,,u.
equal real estate assessments AS BE-
tween the various cities and counties
with the resulting disproportion "a
state taxes, by giving aver thc cntir.
income from real estate 10 the loc:.I
governments this abuse disappears
Plausible ms the remedy is, II Is q
remedy only To amateurs In the
states where segregation has been
tricd-Ncw York and Connecticut,
has proved n failure.
Reni Hope in Commission
The other plan Of a permanent tax
commission may OF may not u" bcnr-
hc!a!. Our last state viii nc worse
than the first IL the commission s.
used for the purpose OF supplying Of
hccho!ders with jobs. on the Other
hand, II commissioners are appointed
who understand their business, Viz
sinia will profit greatly.
The commission plan, however wa.
suggested years ago. and the tax com
mission merely wanders back Ia H.
The report is no Improvement on tn,
former one: indeed, II is not as good
hut what was to be expected OF corn
missioncrs who take pains 10 declaro
that they have made no genera! study
OF taxation. and have no wish to benz
1T by the experience OF others? As
was inevitable, the report Is crude ant
superficial and 1t has little other use
than TO serve as the basis OF another
report. TAXPAYER.
Richmond, December 10. 1915.