The Bamberg herald. [volume] (Bamberg, S.C.) 1891-1972, 1914-04-16
Coal From Mine to Market.

working mOdel or cOllleTS dIu wal
mine is now in operation daily for
FIVE minutes every half hour as the
first exhibit of the new division OF
mineral technology of the United
States National Museum. To child
rem it will be source of delight,
greater than even the most Intricate
modern mechanical tops can AFFORD
on account of its size and complete
ness and the variety Of its operating
parts, while adult visitors Will hnd
the accurate representation of a COL
liery in operation intensely interest
ing.
Coal does not go directly from
mine to market, but passes through
various processes carried on by what
are known as the tipple, Washery,
coke ovens, etc. To illustrate these
processes this large model has been
devised. 1t occupies space of 80 by
40 feet, and is not merely model,
but a miniature colliery, one-twelfth
actual size, reproduced with every de-
tail faithfully represented down to
the railway spikes. All of the parts
are mechanically operative and the
buildings are Illuminated just as in
actual practice. The model is gift
of the Consolidation Coal Company,
of West Virginia, and reproduces the
conditions at that companys mine
at Fairmont. A small electric haul
age locomotive makes periodic trips
in and out of the mine Loaded cars
are run upon an automatic dump IN
the tipple, arranged beneath which is
a system of gratings and screens,
which separate the coal into its var
ious market sizes of lump, egg, nut
and powder or slack. The larger
sizes are all loaded directly into
waiting freight cars, but the powder,
since it contains most of the i'm
purities originally contained in the
coal, must be cleaned. The mechanf-
cal separation of the powdered coal
from it's impurities is made in the
washery by a process called Zig
ging.'
An equipment for the use of the
washed coal powder in the manu-
facture of coke is shown by row
of beehive ovens, with all their ap-
purtenances-the charging with coal
of one of these ovens and the with
drawing of the resulting coke from
another. This lump coke may be
loaded directly into the freight cars,
or first treated in crushing and siz-
ing building, which is also shown in
operation. Not only the colliery
buildings proper, but the power
house. boiler house, railroad yards,
office building, superintendent
house and miners cottages are in
cluded.
In addition to the direct mining
and marketing Of coal for industrial
and household use, an enormous in
dustry has developed in the manu-
facture of large variety of coal pro-
ducts, extending all the way from
gas, coke and tar to drugs, photo
graphic chemicals and rare COM
pounds To a great extent this in
dustry is incidental in the manufac-
ture and supply of Illuminating gas
for household use. A series of
models and samples is now being
developed showing the process involv-
ed in the Illuminating gas and by
product industry, together with ex-
hibits of the products secured. There
will be shown two-hundred pound
exhibit of the products secured.
There will be shown two-hundred
pound lump of coking coal, with the
preportionate amount of gas, tar,
ammonia and drugs obtainable there
from, as we'll as a model of by
product plant in (which the process
is carried on.
The geological occurrence of coal
is represented by a model of the
Takashima field, in Japan, a gift
of the Mitsu Bisbi Company. This
field was selected owing to its two
fold interest; it not only serves pri-
marily to illustrate the occurrence
OF bituminous coal in general, but is
also unusual in that the mine opera
tions are actually carried on under
the ocean. Another model, that of
the Jenny Lind Mine, in Arkansas,
presented by the Western Coal Com
pany, represents the general layout
of whole mine, but while showing
much greater detail than the forego-
ing model, it does not indicate the
coal working practice. This is re-
served for third model of the col
liery of the First Pool, No. 9, mine