The sun., 1914-09-27

Compasscs of German make with winch
the vessels OF the submarine lotila
have long been equipped.
The North Sea has hccn heir favorite
field for exercise. and the boats have
been frequently sent from tho mainland
to IIclEoland and back again when tho
weather was stormy. Each Of these
spectacular performances has been duly
recognized. and N the most noteworthy
cases the Kaiser has personally CON
Era ulated tho commander and his crew.
So long az tho submarine keeps below
the surface ne tho sca she t. safe II, IN
attack on tho part OF ordinary fighting
ships. For purposes of observation the
submarine need not expose any vital
par; of lar body and the shooting away
Of her perlscope merely blinds her in
a measure. with this power nf sight
destroyed the boat can either so to the
bottom, provided the depth does not
exceed the pressure resisting strength OF
her hull, and rest there until the enemy
has gone away, or she can dive, use
her ryroscopic compass. and steal away
submerged 10 tho propuisivc limits OF
her storage batteries. Tho destruction
OF her pariscopo need not Of itself forco
her to come to tn" surface nor would
S'N " All luJulN Iull ilfr HlIuCiUrHltN,
Just what the submerged speed Of
tho German hoats may he IL German
navy secret. I, has bocn suspected that
the vessels are SO designed that they
can us" their ol.ongines for submerged
propulsion for limited periods In making
sudden dash or squirt.
Tho power NJ the oil motors is much
greater than that ~ tho electric DIVE
using fr,,,, c,,r, ~, T.. -.
two drawbacks bave hitherto hampcrcd
IN" employment Of tho explosive engine
when running under water. First, tho
exhaust is apt to leave long trail Of
telltale bubbles upon the surface,
clearly marking tho path Of the an
preaching boat. and. second. the prob
lom Of supplying sufficient air for the
engines under such circumstances tx a
serious one. These difficulties are not
nsurmountahle. but a submarine tha,
has So used M her supply or compressed
air lS Ike runner al TIC end of his
race. and the boat would have to CONS.
10 the surface a short while aftcrward
II she had recourse 10 this emergency
ms nduVre
rms possibly explains some OF the
ra'ler remarkable performances = the
NaIsers submarines during tho various
war games IN the North Sea and, too.
probably accounts for tho manner in
which on" OF tl-c I class was forced TO
~" Surfac" after tho Pathfinder vas
sunk. She came ,horo 20 breathe. So To-
speak. and we know the penalty the
British guns cNactcd.
Al of tho German boats arc ed,Ilpped
with special form OF safety helmet
ana "merg"nCN breathing apparatus
ana each member Of tho crew is 50 uro-
N,ded primarily. these devices are de-
NSn"d to facilitate escape from the boat
should III" vessel sink and the air bc-
come foIl or tho compartments flooded
Bui i is quito within reason tina, mon
OF courage bent upon doing y daring
deed would willingly don those helmets
in order that the last breath of good
AR IN IN" craft might be turned int,
IN" engines to accomplish .he crd de-
s.red. thus r"t'ing speed iy and uncS.
p"'tedlv within sIrc s;riNng distance
Of II" foo.
TIL" German submarines owe their
me pti0u to Spanish subject. II.
dEqucvil'cN, born in 1873 and later cdu-
eaied ~ France. VI. d'EGucviiley began
we building ~ submarine boats n 100.
lv th" construction % the Fnrellc FOR
~. Russian GovcruOar. l., t.o, 10
presented Dlans ia ,br I,r.rrh ,d,,,i-
raytl ana oven worked for , White so /.
j. said. I'm tho Ernrcr uini.,r, -,
Marine and in thai department devoted
particulnrlv 4, tho dsvo,o,r,o,,, ~
underwater c-1fi.
The authori,i,e bove,er ,,,.o ,i,,, -,
substantial cncoursgcp;cr, and uc.
curd'rgly he took his designs IN CO.
many and laid ,hon hoso-a no o,,,,,,.,,
Of tho crra. E-r,n v.,rI.. THO 81,
WAS = crm..,Yt'r,, v.,',b r,r ,',,,,
stirred mn a y,r.t,bl. borre,s, roo. l.,
France. because il was charged ,ba. mic
Spanish subject hsd l.,rraa ~, ah,,,,
Engineer Laubeufs sulrariros a,,d ,,.as
fully advised as "a tho hest Of Frerch
prac,lce Thi, a,,acL r.,s da.,..s, -,
have been quite uniustlsed
However. be undouh,e1,. ,oa all =,
the essentials of n splendd sor, =, .,,,,.
marine in his designs and fror, ,ho
Very first boat The II, tho so.ra,rn1
krupp underwater craft h,yc boon nj,
n distinctly sup,rior order. otbcrulee rho
Kais.r's fotillas could NOT have d,n, tra
things that stand +, ,beir crodi, rho
TO. to which Berlin gave tho rrc,i, ~
sinking the three British cruisers ia NOT
a new boat as the torn ,nn,I.s ~ ,bo
art a. submarine naviga,io, ,o.da,.
Built four years apo and having , s,r-
foca ,noad 80 ,ht..a...