davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-04-25
Must Face Poor Water

New York, April 24.-Poor water will be the army's worst foe in Mexico if war is declared. according to Col M L. Maus, chief surgeon of the First army division. which has headquarters on Governors Is- land.
 The water supply and sanitation sys- tenn of Mexico, he explained were so far behind modern methods that if an army should be sent into Mexico City an en- tirely new system would have to be pro- vided.
 He estimated that millions of dollars would be expended by the United States for sanitation and that from a health standpoint American occupation of Mex leo would be a good thing for that coun- try.
 To insure pure drinking water, Colonel Maus said that filters would be a part of every army division equipment, and If the water proved too impure for filtra- tion 1t would have to be boiled
 He did not express concern because of disease among the soldiers exceut from typhus in Mexico City
 With the sanitation system that the army would provide in the capital city even typhus he declared could be con. Quered.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-04-25

Admiral Fletcher further reported that at 3 p. m today he informed Ad- miral Badger that quiet prevailed throughout Vera Cruz and that af- fairs gradually are being strengthened out and confidence restored. The city council, he said, had called meeting for o'clock in an endeavor to retain present municipal officials in office.
 "The report continued: 'OShaugh- messy not yet arrived. The only loco- motive we have is too inefficient to operate. Have sent out a request that engine be allowed to bring in 'Shaughnessy and the refugees direct to the city, but it will take some hours to repair torn up track
 Admiral Badger in a dispatch dated 4:25 D. m. reports that 500 refugees arrived from Mexico City at 2 D. m., today.
 '''The refugee question is now the most difficult of all,' Admiral Badger stated"
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-04-25
Difficulty Threatened

Paris, April 24.-American operations at Vera Cduz are likely to raise interna- tional difficulties according to London dispatch to the Temps unless they are regularized by admitting the existing of a state of war. It is pointed out that France endeavored to blockade Chinese ports in 1884 without declaring war and that Great Britain protested successfully
 Another case put forward is that when Great Britain at the outbreak of the Boer war asserted that the operations were of police nature against rebels, she was obliged to change her position when German vessels carrying contraband were detained.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-04-25

General Bliss to seize the interna-
 tional bridges at Laredo, Fl Paso and other points on the Rio Grande. In the Secretary's opinion such an in vasion of Mexico would be an act
 of war. though this view was strictly limited by the phrase, under present conditions
 Not Acts of War An old decision of the law officers of the war department holds that such exchanges of shots as those at La redo today are not acts of war There have been a number of such exchanges across the Rio Grande, beginning IS far back as the Madero revolution which did not disturb the theoretically peace full relations of the two countries. The danger in the present situation lies in the possibility that it might be- come necessary for the American troops to cross the river to drive off the an- moving federal sharpshooters. which
 might result in the creation at Nuevo
 Laredo of just such situation as ex- ists at Vera Cruz.
 For the present. however, the Amer ican troops will make no effort to
 seize the international bridges even though. as is commonly understood, several of them are of American owner ship. The troops probably will con tent themselves with training artillery upon the Mexican ends of the bridges to
 prevent their destruction by anyone on that side.
 Two were added 10 the official Amer
 ican list of dead today, Chief Gunner's
 Mate Louis Frank Boweu and Marine
 Private Randolph Summerlin, but they lost their lives before the firing in the city was stopped yesterday. The list now totals IT killed and 75 wounded department statement announcing Admiral Badgers report tonight said: In q ed to the navy department tonight by Admiral Badger are favorable, with food supplies beginning to enter the city and general improvement of mu- nicipal conditions Normal conditions are being rapidly restored Admiral
 Badger said the banks and stores have reopened and the street railway and telephone systems are resuming oper-
 ations under regular management. The dispatch continued: Under Mexican law. former muni- cipal authorities are forbidden to re-
 sume office during the occupation of the city by United States forces, but patriotic citizens are endeavoring to put the administration of the city on a nor- mai footing
 Secretary Garrison received the follow ing report from Brigadier General Bliss
 of telephone conversation between Gen. eral Bliss and the comma anding officer at Laredo tonight:
 "At 1:30 D. m. 32 cars of federal sol- diers came into Nuevo Laredo. At ! o'clock several explosions blew up car shops, customs house, flour mill and other buildings; 2:30, detachment cavalry moved ! slowly west from town. Think they were the destructive party. Colonel Crane
 moved two battalions into Laredo city to | satisfy citizens and protect bridges A later dispatch from General Bliss said:
 During evacuation of Nuevo Laredo
 our patrol at the railway bridge was fired on. Fire was returned and Mex jeans disappeared. I think there is no significance in this instance"
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-04-25
VILLA DECLARES
 CARRANzA'S NOTE
 IS MISUNDERSTOOD
International Situation on Border Greatly Cleared. Rebels Refuse to Join
 Huerta Troops

Fl Paso. April 2l.-1he international political situation cleared greatly today as affecting the status of the rebel gov ernment and that of the United States. This city and Juarez were quiet. A long note from Secretary Bryan to Carranza was transmitted through Juarez to Chi huahua tonight.
 Gen. Francisco Villa, who arrived at Juarez yesterday. repeated his decara- tion that he would not be drawn into war with the United States He repeated this to George c. Carothers, special agent of the state department, and to news paper men and many other visitors. To J. T. MeClammy. his cattle agent on this side of the river, he said:
 Its that little drunkard Huerta's s fight: let him fight it. l wish l had 10000, 900 cartridges right now; I'd march into Mex ico City without a stop"
 Villa said Carranza's note had been mis- understood and that the first chief was as friendly as he Was to the United States. Roberto V. Pesquera and other Carranza representatives nere, said an idiomatic expression in common use in Mexico was literally interpreted in the translation of Carranza's note to Secre- tary Bryan last Wednesday.
 Translation Explained
 The translation made Carranza say that he had desired to avoid war with the United States "until'' toGay
 AS a matter of fact, the expression meant, that although his friend. the Uni ted States. had done a wrongful act, and had thereby injured a friend (Carranza), he desired to avoid war and always would desire to avoid It, explained Pesqueira.
 Villa frankly took the position that he would like to avail himself of what is in effect aid from the United States forces to prosecute his campaign. His wish for 100000 cartridges however. could not be gratifled today, as the em- bargo was on again officially this time and five rapid-firers which were brought to the customs house were turned back Villa was given to understand that the embargo was temporary and he said that he acquiesced in any measures taken to relieve the strain of present relations
 Traffic Closed
 Traffic to Juarez was closed again to- day
 In El Paso the troops remained in the city, reinforced by the arrival of Bat tery B of the Third Field artillery from San Antonio, but there was visible re- duction in the temperature of the polit- ical atmosphere.
 Pesqueira is authority for the state ment that the federal commander at Guaymas, General Tellez. who offered to join with the rebels in that district against the United States, is not the only federal who has made similar over lures and been contempruously rebuffed He said similar proposition was made by the Huerta commander at Monterey, and by committee repi esenting Huertis- tas in Fl Paso.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-04-25
VERA CRUZ SEIZURE COST MEXICANS 12O
 KILLED AND 105 HURT
First Official Announcement of Cas- ualtieS Comes In Dispatch From
 Rear Admiral Fletcher

Washington April 24-One hundred and twenty y-fve Mexi have been killed and 195 wounded in the fighting Cruz since the American forces landed Tuesday, The first of fica of Mexican casualties tonight dispatch from Rear Admiral Fletcher made public by the navy department in this staement:
 "A dispatch under date of 4:15 today received by the navy department tonight from Rear Admiral Fletcher Vera Cruz and showed the list of casualties of the Mexcans 126 killed 95 wounded making total of casualties
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-04-25
Professor TOzzer Safe

New York, April A.-Dr. Albert M. Toz- ger, professor at Harvard and head of the international school of Central Amer ican archaeology, which has been making excavations in the vicinity of Mexico City since November l, IS safe aboard the steamship Esperanza, according to a cablegram received here today by his brother, Arthur C. Tozzer
 With Professor Tozef is his wife and Clarence Hays of Washington.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-04-25
Grim Determination

London, April 25.-The Times corre- spondent in Mexico City in dispatch published today says:
 'The indignation of the Mexicans at the aggressive action of the United States is increasing and 1 observe a grim de- termination on their part to fight for their flag and liberty. Demonstrations in support of the government are being held day and night"
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-04-25
First Snutherner Killed

Washington, April 24-Representative Dupre of Louisiana today called the at- tention of the House to the fact that Lewis Oscar Fried of Gretna, La., one of his constituents, and one of those who fell at Vera Cruz, was the first south- ernor killed in the present Mexican emer- gency. Fried was attached to the bat MasAiH Arkansas
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-04-25
Bowling Tourney

Atlantic City, N. J., April 24-von Loss- berg and Sweiger of Baltimore rolled into tie with Haney and Trucks, Phila- delphia, for third place in the two-man race at the National Bowling association meeting today. The tenders in the indi- vidual set remain the same
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-04-25
Instructions Received

Pensacola, April 24-Definite instruc- tions were received by the commanding officer of Fort Barrancas today from the war department to prepare for 4000 ad- dtional men at the post, who will be sent here immediately from the Atlantic sea- board for mobilization These are all reg ulars and are coming rom many states. Information was also asked if a suitable place could be secured for the mobillza- tion of three or four brigades of national guard and volunteers
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-04-25
Re0ccupy Piedras Negras

Eagle Pass, Tex, April 24-One hun dred Mexican federal soldiers, said to be part of the force which evacuated the town yesterday after attempting to destroy the international bridge, reoc- cupied Piedras Negras tonight. Mai. T Garcia, in command Of the troops, de- clares he will permit no disorder.
 In Eagle Pass a volunteer guard is patrolling the streets tonight. Residents are required to remain within their homes after o'clock Twelve American refu- gees arrived from Maya, Mexico, to- night
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-04-25
Publishers Pledge Loyalty

New York, April 24.-The American Newspaper Publishers association. on the last day of it's convention, adopted a resolution pledging loyalty to President Wilson in the Mexican situation.
 A resolution was passed upholding the enforcement of the newspaper publicity law which provides for a full statement as to ownership and circulation
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-04-25
IN MEXICAN
 SITUATION YESTERDAY

Calexico. Cal, April 24.-Four com panies of the Seventh regiment, Cali fornia National Guard, arrived today and pitched camp. The soldiers ar rival created a feeling of relief in the Imperial valley, where fears had been Mexican federal garrison at MeXicali, just across the line, had been busy all night throwing up breastworks.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-04-25
Situation Alarming

Vera Cruz, April 2.-The situation in the capital daily is becoming more alarm ing for Americans, according to refugees who arrived here today. The mobs in the streets were increasing, they said They confirmed the report that rifles and rapid fire guns that recently were permitted to reach the American em- bassy had been seized by order of Presi- dent Huerta and stated also that a house to house search had begun for arms
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-04-25
Ammunition Waiting

AntWerp. Belgium, April 24-Seven hundred tons Of ammunition are lying here awaiting shipment to Mexico. A consignment of GOO tons of cartridges left here for that destination last week.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-04-25
To Assemble Marines

Washington, April 24.-Secretary Daniels issued orders today for the sembly of 250 marines from Atlantic stations at New ' ork to join the forces of the battleship New York when she sails for Mexico. either Sunday or Mon day orders also were issued for the assembly of a like number of marines in San Francisco for duty on the West Virginia when she sails for the Mex jean Pacific coast.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-04-25
Asks Protection

London, April PA cabled appeal from the American manager of the Te- hauntepec railway led Lord Cordray to visit the British foreign office and the United States embassy today to request protection for foreign employees of the line. Eighty per cent of the employees American citizens, and, according to the cablegram, Mexican authorities are threatening them with arrest and for bidding them to depart from Mexico
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-04-25
I. c. C. Mayo III

Cincinnati, April A-John c. c. Mayo, Kentucky member of the defocratic, na- tional committee, was removed from a hospital here today to New York for treatment Mir. Mayo has been danger ously ill and has received two transfu- sions of blood from his brother
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-04-25
No Anti Feeling

Washington, April 24-American Con- sul Edwards at Juarez, Mex, tonight telegraphed the state department that there is no anti-American feeling notice able in the border Mexican town. The message said: f
 No anti-American feeling noticeable No change in attitude or movement of troops. No additional forces arriving Usual cordalities extended by all off cials. Small number of refugees arriv- ing" tii
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-04-25
Refugees Arrive

Douglas, Ariz., April 24.-Two hun .dred and fifty-seven refugees arrived here today. The rebel authorities ex- tended every courtesy and a rebel guard accompanied the train that brought them.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-04-25
Eighteen Americans in City

Eighteen Americans still are in Tierra Blanca, among them J. O. Cook, chief engineer of the isthmus railway; J. O. Schneider, J. D. Longston, c. D. Harrf- son and wife and children and MT. and Mrs. George McComber An indirect re- port received here today from Mexico City said a mob attempted to burn the terminal of the Mexican railway but was prevented by President Huerta's 8 troops.
 The Mexicans are confiscating all ldco- motives and rolling stock of the Mex ican railway and concentrating them at Apizaco, an hours run south of the capital. All engineers of that line have been held and sent to Orizaba.
 Police court affairs in Vera Cruz were administered today by naval lieuten- ant, who heard the cases of Mexicans picked up by the patrols or arrested dur ing the recent fighting. He proved to be a lenient magistrate much to the sur prise of the Mexicans. many of whom be- lieved the "Gringos" would order their execution.
 Thomas B. Hohler, British charge d'af- faires, who had charge of the train that brought the refugees from the capital here last night, intended to return to the capital tonight.
 The British cruiser Hermoine, which has been removing Americans from Tam pico, reports that only few are now there.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-04-25

Washington, April 25.-The navy depart ment announced at 1245 a. mf1 today a dispatch from Admiral Mayo from Tam pieo, reporting that the collier Cyclps had been sent to Galveston with $50 ref ugees in company with other steamers with 375 refugees. He added that about HOO refugees remained on board warships at Tampfco. The Patterson and Paulding were sent from Tampico today to Tux pam to look out for refugees from there
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-04-25
Organize Government

Vera Cruz. April 24.-Five divisions of the civil administration were organized today-police, sanitary, harbor, finance and customs. An effort was made to put Mexicans at the heads of all departments, but as this was impossible at least in two
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-04-25

that I should give out my views not yet, anyway
 Then he burst into laughter and said:
 You newspaper boys will get me into hole yet with your uneding questions. You'll get me to say some thing before I am ready to say it. Just say that 1 know war too we'll to want it, and particularly with your country across the line. I like them for a fact. Americans have stood by me when needed friends and I know them better than any other foreigners in Mexico
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-04-25

retary of State for the cUurtesies extend ed him in connection with his departure. Algara, who is accompanied by Chief Flynn of the United States secret serv- ice, sent the telegram from Buffalo. N. Y.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-04-25
Atlanta and Return S5.25

Account Atlanta Musical Festival. Dates of sale, April 26 to 1st. inclu- sive, also morning trains May 2 Limit May 5. Trains leave 7;15 a. m, $500 a. m. and 800 D. m via Seaboard 4-25-tf
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-04-25
Cavalry Arrives

Browrsville, Tex April A.-Two troop. of United States cavalry arrived here to- night from Fort Sam Houston. imme. diately dertaining and going into camu ~ Fort Brown. The total military sfsepgth on tias lowe border ls 60 mon.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-04-25

pul dl the IOOt 3I the SlaIut Ol PcAheO Juarez, national hero"
 Press Reserved
 Rio Janeiro. April 24.-The general at- titude of the press of Rio Janeiro on tho Mexican situation is one of reserve. Edi- torial comment Is meagre, but several newspaper express the hope that a peace ful solution of the difficulty may be found.
 If the United States does not intend conquest. as We wish to believe says the Gazeta de Noticias, the occupation of Vera Cruz will have a salutary ef- feet in making Mexico united again"
 The Noticia fears the United States will be overtaken by events and find it. self in an ambiguous position toward the nations of the world.
 The Correio Da Manha appeals to the good offices of diplomacy for the settle ment of the trouble.
 Disapproves U. s. Attitude
 Buenos Aires April A.-The Buenos Aires press is unanimous in it's express sions of disapproval of the attitude of the United States toward Mexico. La Nacion today says:
 President Wilson tried to make Huer- ta resign and the revolutionists were counting on the sympathy of the White House. This would explain the conduct of Huerta in the Tampico affair. The quick action of the United States shows they had intended to intervene. The memory of this conflict will live in the history of the relations between the Uni- ted States and Latin-America. The mili- tary action by the United States aims at Mexico and not at Huerta.
 We fear a repetition in Mexico of the protectorate system the United States created in Cuba. The policy of the Uni ted States will revive the dstrust of Latin-America. International law and the Monroe doctrine do not authorize inter- vention or the establishment of a pro- tectorate or the tearing down or setting Up of governments y
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-04-25
You Newspaper Boys Will
 Get Me Into q Hole, Says Villa

Juarez, Mexico, April 2i.-Asked point blank by a reporter as to his attitude with respect to Carranza s note to Secretary Bryan, General Villa looked sharply at his inquisitor, walked to the window, came back and then, after two false starts, said ab- ruptly:
 Tt was great mistake that he stopped. wiped the perspiration from his forehead and added: Well. friend, l am only d subordinate off cer and l don't believe that it is best
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-04-25
Provided Train

Vera Cruz, April A-Many Mexican refugees here who desired to go into the interior were provided with train to- day.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-04-25
Confirmation at St. P.u1,s

The Right Rev. E. P. Allen, D. D..
 bishop of Mobile. will confirm a large class at St. Paul's church tomorrow in,-
 mediately after high mass. which begins at 10:30 o'clock.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-04-25
NUEVO LAREDO IN
 RUINS AS RESULT
 OF FEDERAL FIRE
Continued from Page One,


 by the presence of the federals until this afternoon. Smoke was seen issuing from some of the buildings around the plaza the center of the town. The municipal building and the American consulate on opposite sides of the square broke Into flame simultaneously Next door to the consulate. the postoffice, temporarily closed, also was seen to be burning and around the plaza smoke began to issue from the windows and roofs of other buildings.
 A few minutes later a loud explosion wrecked several houses and the fire spread rapidly in all directions. Amer jeans began to gather on the river bank but hastily retreated when warned that other explosions nearer at hand might occur. Troops at Fort Mcintosh were ordered out on the dou- ble quick and in a few minutes a rigid guard, amounting almost to martial law, was established in the danger zone. At the two bridges across the river the guards were reinforced and it was here that the only known loss of life occurred.
 Battery A of the Third field artil- lery was sent to the power house of the Laredo Electric and Light company fearing an attack there, but 1t was soon seen that there was nothing for them to do