The Hartford republican., 1914-10-09
some NOTABLE
WARS OF HISTORY
SConinued From Second Page.)

Moslem emperors of India, and from
sprang into semi-independent exist
ence after the death of Akbar. These
concessions embraced not only trad
ing privileges, but territorial sover-
eighty. France, Portugal and Holland
had likewise East Indian Companies
established on a similar footing.
The British East India Co. grew,
enlarged its trade obtained by dip
lomacy or successive concessions. and
ultimately drove its rivals out of the
Peninsula. The English government
appointed the Governor General and
had veto upon the domestic admin
istration and foreign policy of the
Company. But the Company rules
over a domain ten times larger than
Great Britain, maintained armies,
levied war and concluded peace. The
army consisted partly of British
troops. and partly of native levies,
the latter called Sepoys. The army
at the time of the mutiny amounted
to about 10000 Sepoys and $4,000
British troops. For some time prior
No 1857, elements of disloyalty had
been apparent in some of the Sepoy
regiments. At Meerut May 10, 1857,
the standard of revolt was raised.
Many Sepoys thruout India Joined
them. 4 series of sanguinary battles
followed in which the rebels were
defeated, resulting in the complete
overthrow of the mutineers and the
re-establishment of the sovereignty
of the Company from the Himalayas
to Cape Corwin.
In September 1858, the British
government dissolved the East InA
dia Company. having bought out its
interests and vested the government
OF India thenceforward in the Crown.
The Secretary of State for India is
appointed by the Crown and is a
member of the British Cabinet. The
Governor General is also appointed
by the Crown and holds Office for
five years.
The American Civil War.
The anti-slavery feeling which ex-
listed in the Northern States of the
union from an early date, grew as
the years went on. II received sue
cAssive impulses by the annexation
of Texas, the admission Of California,
the Kansas-Nebraska legislation. and
grew rapidly after the nomination of
j. c. Fremont for the Presidency
ID 1856. The election OF Mr.. Lincoln
as the nominee of the Republican
party in 1860 brought on the crisis.
Tho the President-elect declared that
he had no intention to interfere with
slavery, and his desire to administer
the affairs of the nation within the
limits of the constitution. the slave
States believed the existence of slav-
cry menaced, and took immediate
steps to withdraw from the Federal
compact. alleging that as the original
States entered the union of their own
volition. that they had a right to
withdraw from the union If their fun
damental rights were jeopardized.
One State after another south of
Mason and Dixon's line seeded and
established a new government known
as the Confederate States of America
The war which followed lasted from
April 1861 to May 1865. During the
contest many sanguinary battles were
fought with varying success. The SUI
periOr resources of the Federal gov
ernment in men and in money at last
broke down the Confederate resist
Iance and re-established its author
ity from the Atlantic to the Pacific,
and from Canada to the Gulf.
The Franco German War Of 1870.
Treaties which bring one war to
4tn end frequently contain the germs
of war to come. The Dano-Germanic
Duchies of Schleswig Holstein be-
longed originally to Saxony. then to
Denmark, then to Russia and again
to Denmark. The King of Denmark as
Duke of Schleswig- -Holstein had a aseat
in the Germanic Diet. For some time
prior to 1868. an agitation was TO-
mented in the Duchies by Prussia,
whose object was complete detach-
ment from Denmark of the Duchies
and then incorporation with the Ger
manic confederation. Prussia and
Austria invaded and seized the Ouch
les in 1864. They Their quarreled
over the administration of the an
nexed provinces with the result that
in 1866 Prussia declared war on Aus
tria. The latter was disastrously de-
feated In the battle of Koniggratz,
and was compelled to sign treaty