davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1914-05-14
I)AIRl]
PROFITS IN SELLING CREAM
Percentage Of Fat They Contain
All Bring High Prices.
0CopyriKht. lsllD


CBy c. n. LANE Expert Dajryman.)
The word cream" signifies little to
purchasers unless II ia accompanied Ny
some term Indicating It's quality or
richness. We therefore have a basis
for grading cream which we term but
ter fat" which IL the amount of pure
oil or fat II contains. This varies from
20 to 60 per cent. depending upon
amount OF skimmilk Incorporated with
IL. Fortunately we have an accurate
method OF determining butter fat In
cream, known as the "Babcock test"
This consists In weighing definite
amount Of cream. placing 1t In gradu-
ated test bottles made for the purpose
and adding sulphuric acid. After shak.
ing, the bottle is placed In a centrifu-
gal machine. which revolves a thou.
sand revolutions per minute. The fat.
which Is the lighter portion OF the
cream, is thrown TO the top, and then
hot water Is added to bring II into the
graduated tube. where the percentage
Is read. Most cities have minimum
standard for butter fat In cream. usual
ly about Is per cent
We have various grades Of cream
based on percentage OF fat they con.
tain. Cream testing from IS per cent.
TO 20 per cent is called table cream"
and is used In households for cereals,
coffee, fruit, retailing for "a cents to
40 cents per quart. The next grade is
termed whipping cream" and tests
from 80 per cent to rs per cent. butter
fat, retailing for 40 cents 10 45 cents
per quart. II kept cold this cream
readily whips and is popular 1t is also
used for making butter In creameries.
The next grade is called heavy
cream" This is also popular and tests
from 40 per cont. to As per cent. butter
fat, retailing from 80 cents to 80 cents
per quart. Another quality is sold un-
! der the name OF double cream" or
| Double XX," and frequently tests
from so per cent. to 60 per cent. butter
fat, Is 80 thick II will not pour from a
bottle and sells for from 75 cents to
81 per quart.
Many farmers have separators re-
moving cream from milk on the farm
and hauling 1t or in some cases ship
ping II to a creamery at distance.
This plan has the advantage OF keep
Ing ekimmilk to feed stock This
cream tests from 25 per cent. TO 35 per
cent. Cream properly pasteurized is
kept in cold storage for three weeks
at temperature of 80 degrees +.
(freezing temperature for cream is 20
degrees FL sweet and without de-
terioration in flavor. 1t is almost i'm
possible for farmer to produce cream
for shipment to the city to be sold as
sweet cream, as It will not keep with.
out being pasteurized.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1914-05-14
MORE HOG PASTURES NEEDED
Most Reliable Crops Are Rape, Rye.
Wheat and eariey-sow on spe-
cially Prepared Land.

According to the department OF az.
riculture, to produce pork profltablv
hogs must feed and Craze continuously
on pastures and crops particularly
planted for them. Very seldom ia the
growing OF hogs for slaughter a
source OF profit, unless proper grazing
and feeding methods are followed.
In the spring, summer and fall there
are many crops for pasturing hogs.
but during the winter the crops 10 se-
lect from are limited. On almost ev.
cry farm the production and keeping
OF hogs In winter is expensive. ana
generally II Is not profitable for the
reason that large quantities of corn
are fed without products OF green
crops. More winter grazing is needed
for which many crops are adapted.
The most reliable are rape rve
wheat and barley. For grazing pur.
poses these pasturing crops for hogs
should be sown on specially well.
drained and prepared land, thar ia
either rich or has received n liberaI
application OF manure. Good winter
pasturage is not obtained except ON the
best-drained lands.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1914-05-14
PQDERpYAETfS
Work for a reputation.

Work for reputation.
The fresher the eggs for Matching
the better will be the hatch.
Are the quarters provided for the
chickens clean and sanitary?
A well ventilated cellar is the best
place to operate the incubator.
Sprout your light oats for green
food. The hens like them best that
way.
II several hens are set in one room
It Is desirable to confine them in good
nests.
Too many people, especially novices,
think II essential TO build costly poul-
try houses.
For fattening old or young chick
ens, nothing beats wet mash OF corn
meal and milk.
The best results in natural hatch
ing will be obtained when the hens
are set on the ground.
Don't forget to hatch a few hen
eggs under hens. They will make big,
vigorous breeders when mature.
Eraa ranga obicLans ora no,or NJ
tender for roasting as those with linn
tied range and fed on pure feed.
All eggs should be tested by the
seventh day. which often makes II
possible to reset some OF the hens.
Keep chronic setting hen from
feeling any warmth under her body
and you will break her OF the habit.
The humble hen is a big factor in
the profits of the farm, but she needs
attention just as much as anything
else.
The best place for the incubator
is the one where the temperature is
most nearly uniform from day to day,
under natural conditions.
be mighty careful TO see that your
setting hen is not overrun with lice
In producing louse-free chicks the in
cubator certainly has It or the .-en.
II Is always the hen that lays the
most eggs that produces the most
chicks. In breeders. high fertility is
more to be desired than high produo'
ton
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1914-05-14

season II is not easy at first TO dis
tingulsh between them, while the
young goslings long baffie conjecture
as to their sex.
Yet certain distinctions gradually
manifest themselves, as for instance,
the noise, the gander's hiss, being
more shrill and sibilant than the
goose's.
Newman says that when six or
seven months of age, or at maturity.
the ganders can be told from the
geese by observation. In most cases
the male grows somewhat larger than
the female.
The goose is deeper in the body. a
trihe simmer in the neck, and smaller
in the neck. The call of the gander
is loud. long and shrill, while that
of the goose is merely an answer to It.
There is a curious plan to deter
mine sex adopted in Cambrdgeshire,
England. All the geese are shut in
stable or a pig-sty. A small dog
is then put in. 1t is said the geese
will all lift up their heads and go
to the back OF the place, while the
ganders will lower and stretch out
their necks, kissing all the time.
Gilbert refers TO the same method,
saying the ganders will put their
heads down at the dog and hiss, while
the geese will keep their heads up and
try to avoid the intruder.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1914-05-14
POULTRY
.FAEI1S.
TELLING THE SEX OF GEESE
Not Easy Matter to Make Distinction
In Toulouse Variety as Birds
Are All Of Same Color.

II is not an easy thing to distin-
guish the sex OF geese. especially of
the Toulouse variety. Both sexes are
the same In color. but in this variety
the male or gander is somewhat
larger, has a larger head. longer neck.
and carries himself more erect.
The voice OF the female is coarser
than that OF the male, a point that
is relied upon quite generally by ex'
perienced growers OF these fowls
Gilbert says there Is an embarrass-
ing likeness between the gander and
the A. ose, and out OF the breeding
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1914-05-14
KEEP FOWLS CONFINED
MoNEY.MAKiNo WAY FOR VII
LAoERs AND su6uR6ANITEs.
Birds Do Not Look as Well as When
Given Free Range, but They Keep
on Smelling Out Egas-least
Work With Dry Feeding.
,By GEORGE II. PELLARDJ

(By GEORGE ii. BEbLAltDJ
As cold-blooded business PROPOSE
tion, probably no plan is better than
that of keeping the hens shut in all
the time. They should be confined
from the time they reach maturity un-
I'll marketed as poultry, and fed as
stout ration as they will stand with
out going wrong.
Aside from sentiment and pleasure
in their appearance this is the money
making way for villagers or suburban
ties, who have limited yard room
and need to keep their premises free
from the litter and soiling that are
otherwise nearly inseparable from
poultry keeping.
The fowls GO not look as well as
when on range-their plumage gets
dull and they are less lively, but they
will shell out the eggs and Keep on
expense, than under any other system,
unless IL is the colony system with
free range.
Even then 1t is doubtful II the same
number can be more easily cared for,
or the ultimate profit be greater.
In keeping the hens on this plan
they should be separated into focks
OF 25 to 35 and allowed from 4 to 6
feet square per bird.
Dry feeding entails the least work
and therefore brings the best profit,
as the egg yield is generally better
than where fed on the one-meal.at-a-
time and the quick lunch-systems.
II the feed is properly proportioned
and the supply is always amply, there
will be no trouble in getting eggs, and
lots of them II the hens are in good
health. We doubt II there is so much
difference in the average eggproduc-
tion of hens as is sometimes fancied.
With good feeding, which means the
right kind as well as quantities, most
hens will make good. Srme will do
better than others, but so far 1t seems
! impracticable to select only the best
in this case.
Trap-nesting is the only positive
way OF deciding the question, and
that is a way which is impractical
where large numbers are kept.
Kept housed all the time, the hens
are subject to the most arbitrary feed
ing rules and experience is showing
that they will produce as many, or
more, eggs as when on range.
1t would require a corps of bell
boys and bookkeepers to release the
hens and tabulate the returns.
Occasionally hen will get to feath.
er pulling or egg eating. In such a
case run of few days outside will
usually cure the habit; II not, dark
nests or the ak will.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1914-05-14

hornless; the face and legs are OF a
gray-brown color. The best rams.
when fat, often weigh from ITS to 200
pounds. the ewes from 1875 to $50. The
body is rather blocky. This breed
furnishes a fleece OF good quality.
weighing from six to seven pounds.
The wool is rather short, but OF
medium fine texture. The mutton ia
OF excellent quality. The Southdoyn
ewes often produce two lambs at a
birth, and sometimes three. They are
very valuable breed for early lambs
as the lambs grow rapidly The
Southdown is an English breed, taking
Its name from the Southdowns, the
broken and hilly lands OF Sussex and
neighboring counties OF England.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1914-05-14
FEED FOR THE DAIRY COWS
Brief and Simple Rules Given by Ne.
braska Experiment station-8ls
Aid to the Dairyman.

The Nebraska station gives the fol.
lowing brief and simple rules as an
aid in determining the amount OF feed
required by each COW;
Feed all the roughage, such as al,
falfa, corn silage, etc, that the COW
will eat up clean.
Feed approximately one pound OF
grain for every three pounds OF milk
produced per day.
Give the cows as much feed as
they will consume without gaining
In weight
Feed some succulent feed. such as
corn silage or roots, TO make the ra-
ton moro palatable.
BE prepared to supplement- the
pastures by feeding silsge when the
ar1 season sets In
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1914-05-14
MILK BOTTLE TRAY is HANDY
Directions Given for Making Cheap
Carrier Which Does Not Permit
Bottles to Hit Each Other.

Bottled milk is difficult to deliver
without knocking the bottles together
when carrying them or while In a
wagon. There are several kinds Of
wire baskets for carrying the bottles.
but they all have the disadvantage OF
allowing the bottles to strike one an
other. writes @. II. Clemmons of Storm
Lake. la, in the Popular Mechanics
A carrier not having this fault can be
made very cheaply as follows: Pro-
cure a board one inch thick. eight
inches wide and two feet long. plane
and make II smooth, and use ordi.
nary tin fruit or vegetable can for
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1914-05-14
Profitable Side Lin.

One factor about the sheep business
is worthy OF special emphasis. This
industry is one OF the most profitable
side lines that can fit the operations of
the general farm. Sheep require little
attention during the sowing. haying.
cultivating or harvesting seasons
when the time of the farmer is needed
elsewhere, II is during periods when
the farmer has plenty OF leisure that
the necessity arises for according the
aock additional care and attention.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1914-05-14
DEVICE FOR CARRYING EGGS
Flexible Carrier, When Tightly Tied,
Prevents All 5reakase by Roll.
Ing and Rattlinp.

Soft-boiled eggs that are lust laid"
are possible now that the parcel post
Is supplemented by device which is
claimed to really carry eggs in the
mails without breakage." In a recent
invention, pasteboard box folds in
such way as to truss the box, giving
1t unusual strength. says Popular
Mechanics. The illustration shows
each egg suspended in an individual
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1914-05-14
Flexible Egg Carrier.

compartment, between upper and low.
er pyramids, giving eight points Of
contact. These compartments. being
flexible, accommodate themselves to
eggs OF various sizes, and when the
box is tightly tied the eggs do not roll
or rattle. The eggs are thus held
apart from each other and away from
the sides OF the box. 30 that the box
will stand not too rough handling.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1914-05-14
Color Of Skin and Eaqs.

Fowls laying brown or dark brown
eggs as a rule have yellow skin and
orange-yellow legs-while those lay
ing light colored eggs have whitish
skin and light Qemon) colored legs.
BY selecting the dark eggs to hatch
from and for breeding from the yel-
low-skinned and yellow.legged birds,
the quality of the dressed fowls will
be greatly improved.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1914-05-14
Ratlons for Chicks.

Rations for chickens should include
a small portion of meat but, as rule,
II is quite expensive. Commercially II
is sold in such forms as beef scrap,
animal meal, blood meal. aud fish
scrap Sour skim milk as a substitute
for meat has given splendid results.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1914-05-14
Mismated Fowls.

Never mate a long-legged cock
erel with short-legged hens to improve
the shape OF the progeny" writes a
poultry expert. You only make mat
ters worse" Just how is not made
clear, SO the reader is left to conclude
that the caicks will have mismated
laLA
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1914-05-14

the bottle holders. : Cut each can on
2h inches from the bottom and
smooth of the jagged edges with a
file. Nail these in two rows on the
board, starting one inch from each
end Attach a segment OF a barrel
hoop for handle. The carrier can
be painted as desired.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1914-05-14
Preparing Damp Washes.

When damp mashes are fed, they
should be mixed so that they are dry
enough to be crumbly, yet moist
enough so that the particles of ground
grain, etc, win hold together.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1914-05-14
SOUTHDOWN SHEEP IN FAVOR
One Of Most Popular Breeds and Quite
Extensively sred-Furnlshed Good
Quality Of Fleece.

The Southdown is one OF our popu-
lar mutton breeds of sheep and is
quite extensively bred The breed is
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1914-05-14
Plant some apple trees.

' iN' P'""o "'"'
Don't delay
corn occupies valuable place In
'ne rotatloh OF crops
great ueAi IN saving manure.
=
SEED oats should be cleaned with
rien.y OF pure water Is Imperative
where large egg Yields are expected.
ine uinerence is IN tne COW ratner
'hah 'ne ieeo or mixer or the churn-
wnI soon run all 10 nose ana DTS
'''''
son neu " ueepiy uhuer all youi
s'o'A
~ 49,. -
49,, 'aAns soou eare Oh "ha'
'OO nave
II is M, ,rs, 70 tran. .o,,a. Z,
Won canno, ,Iaca ro,.so1, g. a. a,,a.
position
'O"
fowls whan ,aa,, ansn y
befora ,hor, 90 "'
no. .
wav ioh q, nrrntn
wbe,ho, ,,,o
ous n herd ., oo,,a - 81
vovo go ,o ' p'"'' 70
In, NJ hoos 4, l., .u
with clover ,,,,i oon,o' y, :, ,i.
tn their ouna,,o n,,a,,s, 0'
Hand sono,,o
o,har NO, e. -, sopal a'eu any
NV ANo"'
Soc tha, tho shoa, h. .,
ply a, COO, c,oan pa,a. - eVou sup
Iute,v necessery :, va, ~ 70 "o'o
the oa,s &c a., a. -. 10y ""en
noos 49,, ..,,.,,. eH ',ee anu
~ '"e pou''
spcoess ,r no., s,, .
~ arectoa ,n ,ho ,,an,,n
the heaI,h ana no,a,os, 80 ~
Sou 'o'
The kicking cow wn ar,vo ANA.
the hired man ana m,Lo ,ho -,
tired ~ ,armirg sana ~
butcher
wbv M, e.h, ,ox,o ,
sowing seed free n, waed soodoo wS',
:. =, '"'
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1914-05-14

Clocklike regularity In the feeding
and watering OF cattle on full feed Is
OF the utmost Importance. II possible
the same man even should always do
the feeding, and II is important that
this be the most intelligent and trust.
worthy man on the farm.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1914-05-14

For the lands sake. haul out the
manure and scatter 1t over the field
whore II viii do the most good. The
farmer who does not value this waste
product OF the dairy cannot appreciate
the true benefits accruing from the
business.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1914-05-14

Fowls do not thrive during the win.
ter unless they have some green feed.
The natural food OF domestic fowls is
that which they pick up on range, and
II suddenly deprived OF Il. both as to
green vegetable matter and meat in
the form OF bugs and worms, the evil
sffect Is quickly seen.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1914-05-14

To keep poultry healthy give plenty
of exercise, good comfortable houses.
a variety of good wholesome food and
plenty of pure fresh water and fresh
air, Grit, charcoal, shell and freedom
from lice can be added to the list.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1914-05-14

The strawy stalky manure makes an
ideal mulching fertilizer for both
young and old apple trees. A great
many are literally dying from starva.
ton. This coarse manure will con-
serve moisture and fertility.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1914-05-14

Success in extensive cultivation de-
pends great deal on raising the
proper kind OF vegetables; do not try
60 sell your customers poor-looking
or tasteless vegetable.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1914-05-14

II is always more profitable to grow
a crop that your neighboring truck
gardener is short on, also always plant
just enough OF each crop that will al.
low you to sell as long as the demand
is good
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1914-05-14

See II your trees are infested with
oyster shell bark louise. Look over
the trees on the lawn and in the or.
chard This is an old pest and should
be looked after
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1914-05-14

Fix the hog pasture at the back o.
the farm so the growing pigs anC
the brood sows will be compelled tc
go out for their forage and bacl
for their ration OF grain at night
The exercise is beneficial, particu
larly to the pregnant brood sows.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1914-05-14

Unless there is considerable meat
in the table scraps that is fed to the
poultry II is wise TO buy commercial
beef scraps. for hens must have meat
TO lay well.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1914-05-14

The red mites or lice do not stay
on the fowls during the daytime, but
hide In cracks during the day, sally.
ing forth after dark to seek their
prey.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1914-05-14

II is always the hen that lays the
most eggs that produces the most
chicks. In breeders. high fertility is
more to be desired than high produo'
ton.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1914-05-14

In planning for that new orchard
give plenty OF room. Sunshine de-
stroys fungous growth and should be
let in about the trees and to the
ground beneath.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1914-05-14

When you use trough in grindln
in cold weather. let the water out afto
you are done. To let the lower PAL
OF the stone stay in water. freezing OF
and thawing, is pretty sure way I
ruin the place which touches tn
water.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1914-05-14

BE mighty careful to see that your
setting hen is not overrun with lice
In producing louse-free chicks the in
cubator certainly has It or the .-sn.
The Telegraph-courier. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1888-1946, 1914-05-28
Two New Guarantees For
Disease Established Mon
day By Health Board.
ITALIAN JUST LANDED IS SICK

There was unusual activity at the
Offices of the health department this
morning on account of the re-appear
ance of smallpox in the city and on
Monday afternoon Health Commission
er McShane established two quaran-
tines for the disease. The first was
at the home of Angelo Morocco, &c
West street, who was found suffering
from a we'll defined case.
Morocco had been in Kenosha Just
nine days and it is thought that he
contracted the disease while mingling
with steerage passengers on board the
steamer which brought him from Italy
to this country. The Italian reached
Kenosha in seemingly good health and
he began to show the presence of the
disease on Monday. In the meantime
he had mingled with a lot of Italian
friends who were anxious to get mes
sages from relatives in their own
country and it is feared that on this
account the disease may be given a
new impetus in Kenosha. DR.. Nc
Shane at once established a rigid
quarantine at the house where the
Italian is stopping and at the same
time he ordered a general vaccination
of all the friends Of the man.
"This is case of real hard luck, -
said DR.. McShane. "Just when we
were thinking that we were through
for summer at least the Italian brings
in case of smallpox from Italy or
from somewhere else. I do not think
that there is any great danger in this
case. We have taken every precaution
possible to secure the vaccination of a
lot Of Italians and are hopeful that
this with the coming of hot weather
will make it impossible for the disease
to SPREAD j
Gregory Sullivan was qnuarantined
at his home on Exchange street this
morning and he is suffering from a
mild attack Of the disease.
While Kenosha has had lot of small
pox this year the city seems to be
no worse off than lot of other cities
in Wisconsin. The last report of the
state board of health shows that dur
ing the last three months 1908 cases
Of the disease were reported in Wis
consin. In all five deaths resulted from
the disease, all of the deaths being re-
ported from counties in the extreme
northern part of the state. The num-
Der of cases in Kenosha has been de-
cidedly small compared with those re-
ported from many counties in the
state.