Grand Forks daily herald and the evening times., 1914-08-20

n~E s7o4Z0
after-that he was liable to fainting
fts, which was quite untrue, as that
was the only occasion on which he
suffered in that way, m it vas en-
tirely due to the heat and the vitiat-
ed air of the chapel.
Attempted to Isolate Him.
That was the first opportunity for
the officials Of the Vatican to step in,
and on the pretext of protecting the
Pope's health, attempt gradually to
isolate him from the world. However,
they were not always successful. One
of the yearly American pilgrimages
had left the United States at the be-
ginning of July. 1903. On their way
to Europe Leo XIII., who should have
received them, died, so hat they were
in Rome during the conclave, and the
day on which Plus X was elected and
descended into st. Peters to give his
first benediction they were in the
Basilica, with two American flags wav-
ing above the immense crowd assem-
bled there and joining their ringing
hurrahs to the cheering which greet
ed the venerable figure. Some days
after the same American pilgrimage
was in the Vatican gardens when sud-
denly, the work of the officials having
already begun, they were ordered
away as the Pope was seen approach
ing. With true American determine
ton they objected that they did not
want to leave. Plus X, who under
stood something of what was going on,
inquired. and Cardinal Gibbons. who
was among those who accompanied
them. explained that 1t was a pilgrim
age of his countrymen who desired to
pay homage to the Holy Father. They
had asked for an audience and were
waiting for h appointed day. The
Pontiff Immediately said there was no
necessity to wait. n that he would
receive the Americans at once in the
adjoining Museum Ladiparium. Thus
Plus y. received the first pilgrimage
of his pontiflcate, held in his hands
and blessed the two American flags
which are still preserved. one in Rome
and one in New York.
Did MOI Change Policy.
Plus X. did not intend to change
the substance of the policy which his
two predecessors had followed to-
wards Italy. His protests against the
loss of the temporal power. however,
lost the vehemence and bitterness
"iiIH toIIiltilN characterized them.
The strongest of his protests on this
subject was issued when President
Loubet, disregarding the prohibition
to all Catholic rulers and heads of
states to visit the king of united Italy
in his capital. was the first with the
exception of Prince Ferdinand of Bull
garia, since 1870. to go as guest to
the Quirinal.
This. however. was not only caused
by the feeling towards Italy but
much mora by the state of religious
war with France, which was the most
remarka BILE event in the last pontif-
cate, and of which many have attri-
buted the responsibility to Plus ".
while the hostilities had already be-
CUR under Leo XIII.
France found %inlitators in Spain.
which passed in parliament bills
against the religious CONGREGATIONS
and the clergy, leading to The recall
of the Spanish ambassador accredited
to- the Holy See: and in Portugal.
where the republic proclaimed on DC
tober 8, 1910, brought about a com
plete separation between church and
state. the expulsion of the religious
congregations and the confscation of
their properties.
Relations Were Cordial.
"'iiS SuS ipQS VI !SlSeS were TAN
ing place between the Vatican and
some of the Latin countries, which
had been known in history as the most
faithful OF the Holy See, the relations
with Italy. while maintaining in the
outside form the usual character of
hostility, were in substance much
more cordial.
1t would TAX long to enumerate all
the reforms of a religious character
initiated by Plus Y, such as that of
restoring the Gregorian chants, of
preaching every Sunday from a text
from the Bible, himself giving the
good example by having as long as
his strength allowed him, the faithful
of the different parishes of Rome in
the courtyard of San Damaso to hear
him explain the gospel story, and car
ry1ng out one after the other as Pope
the same ideas n principles which
he had protested and advocated as
Bishop and Patriarch. One of his un-
~dertakings will leave an important
mark in the history of the Papacy-
the codihcation of ecclesiastic law. He
entrusted to the work to an illustrious
scholar in Canon Law, Mgr. Pietro
Gasparri, on whom he conferred the
Red Hat in December, 1907. Another
epoch-making task was that of the re-
vision of the Vulgate, which he con
fded to Father Francis Aidan Gas
quet, Abbot-President Of the English
Benedictine congregation, SO well
known as a learned historian.
Condemned M%odernists.
Plus X. vas determined to restore
the most iron discipline among the
clergy, and this lee to an u%nrelenting
campaign against that section of &C.
~clesiastics who protested unorthodox
opinions n were called Modernists.
The encyclical promulgated on Sep
tember 8, 1907, condemned the Mod
ernists and their doctrines.
Following this several leaders Of the
,Modernist movement were excommun-
icated In Italy, England and Germany
The Pope displayed even greater an
ergy on November IS, 1907, when he
reafirmed the necessity Of combating
by every possible the spirit 81
rebellion. and ordered the bishops to
watch and II necessary to dismiss the
professor infected with the Condemn
ed doctrines and to prevent from TAX
Ing orders those students who were
suspected OF sympathising with the
movement. 49,
New rebellion broke out, and Plus
further In the struggle, with
n new anrvNA%ay dc k.,NRa HI-a