The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1914-04-28

prestige and. chiefly. from a high
sense OF civic patriotism.
In some OF the larger cities OF Ger
many citizen deputies are appointed
by the council TO advise and aid It.
An Berlin are about a hundred, sery.
ing without pay, drawn from ali ranks.
assisting In various important flnc:
tons OF government, particularly
those having 70 do with city social
and philanthropic work. This unusual
feature of municipal government has
brought to the service OF the city
many experts who have contributed
much to the development on right
lines Of the modern German city.
Mayor a Business Director. n
Distinguishing features OF German
city administrations are their perma-
nency and the business method on
which they are conducted, The town
councillors are elected for six years..
one-thtrd every two years. The bur-
gomaster or mayor is chosen for
twelve years. In nearly every city
are public officials who have been, re-
elected for twenty or more years. City
administration has become a business
in which the German does not wish
amateurs. The mayor Is chosen as
the business director of great cor.
poration. 1t is not unusual to find
in German newspaper an advertise
sment for a mayor! Some German
city, having lost its mayor, wishes the
hest to be had in the empire and adj
vertises for one with experience as
mayor. Frequently as mayor Of a
large city is chosen a man who is
serving with conspicuous success as
mayor in smaller town. The Ger.
man system secures a, continuous pol.
icy Of city administration and one
In which business rather than poll.
tics rules. That the syetem is too
often controlled by big business Is a.
result Of the electoral plan under
which 1t Is chosen rather than OF the
system Itself. This electoral plan is
sixteentheenturya German 'feudalismt
brought down to!date. ~ l
Housing Conditions Bad.
The German city, despite the benev-
olent bureaucracy of its highly organ
ICED administration, has left much to
be desired in actual municipal life.
Upon looking within we find oppres-
siye restrictions, high rents, crowded
quarters, the slum and the German
"barrack.house." The average Ger.
man, laborer. mechanic, clerk or smaA
merchant, does not live on the. boule.
Yards or near the open places. His
home is in small rooms, with outlook
upon a dark courtyard where innu.
merable carpets are beaten twice a
week. Flats, with congested quarters,
take the place of the detached dwell.
ling houses which are familiar in
American cities. Clean streets but
| gloomy and dark interiors, lacking air
but not lacking dust and noise, are
the rule in the larger German cities.
1t may be questioned whether the
bright ;bouletards and the red gera.
riums in the balcony windows com.
pensate to the city as u whole for the
dizziness, STIFFNESS and worse OF the
average citizens actual living rooms.
How far all this could be. prevented
by municipal effort, It is impossible
to say.
When the outside Of the German
city is commended, however. and the
admirable features Of its municipal
administration, the unsolved problem
of the "barrack.fat" makes consid.
cradle Offset to the merlted praise.
In London six per cent. of the popu.
lation live in dwellings" or one room,
in Berlin Al per cent. The declining
birth rate in the German cities-a few
babies are more to be desired than
many boulevards-is to degree, the
result OF the lamentable housing con.
ditions.
Municipal Land Ownership.
A striking feature Of the German
city Is its ownership of land. Within
ten years Frankfort has expended $780,.
100000 in buying real estate and now
owns more. than, half Of the land on
(which the city stands Berlin owns
$4,000 acres, Munich $4,000, and other
cities own large tracts. tits urged
In favor Of municipal investment In
land that 1t enables. the municipality
10, carry out adequate plans for town
building, keeping factories together,
opening desirable streets and parks,
providing better conditions and pre-.
venting the land speculation which
deforms and disfgures SO many
towns, small as well as large. An,
other argument urged in its favor is
that in this way the municipality. not
private individuals. who usually have
done little or nothing 70 bring 1t about,
gets the benefit OF the unearned in,
crement which comes with The city's
growth. This ownership of land with
the financial profit therefrom has. In
many German cities reduced or elimi.
mated taxation and made the munich
palities rich.
Must Improve Living Conditions.
In any view of the German city to.
Il =. IA -