The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-09-17
Chap. Y..-PRESENT TIME..-P |

4
tcopyrish; iel, by The Tribune Company)
l':om about 1870 to the present yea,
was 81 TINE Of peace and Industrial
progress IN Genital ana Western Eu-
rope II il true that i'm sumc coun-
/ 'rirs IT was peacc with tho hand on
! the swur'!. and on moro than ono occa
Sion the .cabboatd was nearly thrown
away but no actual break came aud
international relations were amicablc.
on the suriac" q, least
France had some minor wars OF con-
quest In distant colonies ond went
through the prcyfuas scandal. which
stirred the nation to n danger point
ENGLAND had Egyptian troubles and its
two ;ocr wars, ard tho Russian cmuirc
contested with Japan :hc mastery of
tho crst
Italy like other ovcrpopuintod coun-
tries OF Europe, embarked between
1870 and 1850 upon q policy OF coloni-
zation. In the latter ycai ii occu-
pc some territory on the Red Sea
viii. the tacit consent OF Great Britain
and the porte Aft"r some explorers
had been killed by natives and ltaIinn
troops had zone to Tho locality. partly
to help p.cify the Sudan hos,iIi,ics
between Italy and tho ncgus of Abys-
sini; broke on; which lasted several
ycara because of italys attempt to
extend her zone Of occupation
ttniy Loses >h,..inian Territory.
Th" war Of AbyS.iannn succession
involved Italy s,ili deeper ami var
went on Internationally. the natives
bcine generally successful They
greatly outnumbcrcJ the italians md
ON several occasions their Victories re-
Sulten in na ssncros. the Italians being
killed almost TO - man.
Finally IN 1895 terrific battle took
place at Adowa, where 100, GOO OF nas
Mcuclcks troops fell upon 2j.ope sol
dicrs, Italians ana their native allies.
The total fatalities were ! 900 killed
and over 10000 wounded. The result
was the delimi,ation OF the italo-
\hyssiuian boundary. and iialy was
LETT with an insignificant holding there.
Three years ago Italy declared war
upon Turkey because OF disorder III
1ripoli aud it's PROVINCES which the
Turkish government would not con
troll aud because of tho alleged wrongs
To about 5000 Italians living there. rho
war was condemned in many quarters.
but Italy at once kombardcd Trinoli
and drove its garrison inland She
then lanGcd $1,000 troops and fought
several hard battles with tho Arab de
tenders. II MAS charged that the ltal-
ians Inassacrcd tho enemy. not even
sparins women and children. but the
Rome government denied this
The war lasted n wear. and by thc
treaty signed III October. 1917: Turkey
granted autonomy To the Libyan Prov
incc and consented that Ital" cstab-
lish her own system OF government
there. with Italian sovcreigntN rcco--
nizcd. Had il not been FOR the Balkan
states attacking her at this time she
undoubtedly would have wagcd :, more
successful struggle against Italy
tustrin Improves Waiting system.
Austria Hungary made surprising
progress. considering its previous re-
dictionary reputation. In the early
nF 80 All al
much fractional and racial disscns:on.
but agitation seemed to have been sub
stitutcd tor revolution ana the results
were much more satisfactory while
less violent There was great in
equality in tho voting system under tho
Constitution u; 1867, and the adVau-
taEc was generally with tho rrivi.
legged classes. but gradually tho neccs-
stiles OF the government caused u re-
vision Of the electoral system and little
by little II was modified and improved
until finally in 1907 suffrage WAS made
universal.
Following the prussian triumph over
Austria. hungary has received rccoE-
milton Of it's Importance, and The EN-
pcror had been crowned King OF ,Iun-
gary. The influence Of the German
Austria had prevented bohemia from
obtaining - similar honor. lad feel
ing cnsucd. but this largely disap-
pcarcd owing 10 other advantages
accorded the ruling races.
Nil this time there WAN steadily grow
ing in Austrin Hungary, as there was
also III the German cupirc. q strong
Socialist party. Under constantly cX.
tended suffrage the Socialists increased
their representation In Parliament. Just
as was tho case in Germany When
suffrage was made universal this party
elected no less than ciGhty-seven mem
bcrs.
The old Emperor has been sfnGularly
unfortunate personally. The Crown
Prince Rudolph was murdered; the
Empress Elizabeth, wife Of the En-
pcror, died by an assassin's hand, and
several heirs apparent or prcsumtivc
rcnounccd their right OF succession.
Archdukc John. a brother, disappeared
aud was never heard Of, and in June
Of this year the heir apparent, Arch
duke Franz Ferdinand, the Emncrora
nephew. also was assassinatcd while
visiting in Bosnia.
Since tho treaty Of Berlin Austria
had occupied Bosnia aud Herzegovina.
the provinces formerly belonging 10
Turkey. This fact was tho cause Of
great resentment on the part Of the
Balkan states and Of Russia. for n large
part of Tho people OF those provinces
were Slavs. In a0S Austria formally
annexed the provinces, promising them
"A Constitution. and declaring tho San
jak OF Novipazar would BIO given back