davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-03-07

marshy. But the sheep can hold it's
place on high priced land as a meat
producer alone. Compared with larger
animals, it has some important adj
Vantages. First, the lambs mature
very rapidly, being marketable at
four months of age or later. according
to breeding and feeding. This is an
economy because a larger proportion
of the total feed goes into increase of
weight than in slower growing ami
mails. Second; the sheep consumes a
greater variety of plants than do
other animals. Many of such plants
are detrimental to pastures and would
otherwise require hand labor to hold
them in check. Third, grain waste in
harvesting can be entirely recovered
by sheep. These facts prompt some
farmers to claim that the summer
food of sheep costs nothing, because
what they consume would otherwise
bring no returns.
Compared with hogs. the sheep has
an advantage in the wider variety of
materials it consumes. Being rumi-
nant, it makes it's gain with a mini
mum of grain and expensive concen-
trates This is especially important
on some lands that are better adapted
to the production of forage crops than
to grain growing.
Like the hog, the sheep has its Pc
culiar ailments, which sometimes re-
suit in loss as we'll as discourage
ment. Unlike the ailments of the
hog, however, those of the sheep are
ordinarily not contagious, and the
means necessary to prevention are
the same as should be adopted for
the most economical production, even
in health.
Disease in the Flock.
The most serious menace TO eontin-
uous thrift in the flock is the presence
! of internal parasites, chiefly stomach
worms. The egg of the stomach
worm are dropped upon the ground
, with the feces from infected sheep.
The small worms are swallowed with
the grass three or four days after
Matching from the eggs. and reach
the stomach. Stomach worms are
frequently present in such large num-
as to draw so heavily from the circu-
lation as to cause emaciation and
finally death of the lamb. Mature
sheep are much less affected by these
worms. though they usually scatter
the eggs.
Keeping the flock upon crops sown
upon ploWed land prevents infection.
Such practise also furnishes the
greatest amount Of feed from each
acre and the kind and variety of food
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-03-07

up this big business. The reward has
justified the labor, but the labor has
to an equal degree, justified the re-
ward.
The real opportunities in bee<-keep-
ing today are open to the young man
or woman of q nature-loving dispo-
sition who will engage in the work
with a determination to master it's
problems, surmount it's obstacles and
extend his operations as his expert
ence grows and capital and locality
warrant.
AS one well-posted apiarist has said,
"A beekeeper who can say i like my
job ought by all means to buy out
the beekeeper who, living in an OK
cellent locality for bees, fails TO take
proper care of his bees and in on
sequence reaps a poor reward. There
is room in all parts of this vast couf-
try for young men who will bug out
the inefficient beekeepers TO be found
nearly everywhere, who conduct their
agricultural operations with lack of
skill or earnest purpose.
I'VE want more master beekeepers
or young enthusiasts who wish to pc
come masters, and, when we say mas
ter in this sense, we include women as
well, as they, too, make very skillful
beelSeepers when their interest is fully
aroused. In many ways aptc 'ure is
admirably suited to businesslike
women who desire an outdoor occu-
patton which is remuneratiye and yet
not laborious, and which does not take
them from home. Generally speaking,
it is superior to poultry culture and
more profitable, as rule"
Where to keep bees is not q ques-
ton difficult to answer. The choice
OF locality is, of course, factor which
modifles the possibilities for profit
and pleasure. 1t Were best to find a
climate where an even temperature
exists the season round, where extern
sive beekeeping is not already prac-
tised in close proximity and where
the growth of nectar bearing fruits
and flowers promises an even honey
flow.
Much valuable assistance in de-
Gliding such problems as where to To-
cate. what strain of bees to keep, how
extensive the beginners first venture
will be and the like may be obtained
entirely free of charge from the gov
eminent department of agriculture,
bureau of entomology or from State
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-03-07

bureaus maintained for the benefit of
the industry. Very frequently the
beginner in beekeeping who is in a
favorable location will find his re-
quirements admirably met and be
given the attentive cooperation of q
number of men in the community if
he will find some neighborhood where
Bookkeeping is not practised but fruit
growing is prominently engaged in.
This is due to the value of honey bees
in assisting the Decentralization of
fruit blossoms through their pollen
spreading proclivities.
Fortunately, the initial investment
of a beginner in Bookkeeping need
not be very large. A very simple, in
expensive outfit is needed-two or
three hives, asfew colonies of Italian
bees. comparatively new and more
gentle strain than common Amer
lean bees, two or three good books
on Bookkeeping. q veil, a smoker lots
of perseverance, and a little practical
and thoroughly understood knowledge
gained, If possible, from watching
others. and the amateur bee-keeper' 8
equipment is completed.
A model outfit for one who is maxi
ing start in bees need not cost more
than from S25 to $50 For the lesser
sum a full colony of gentle Italian
DeeS, with queen Oh hlSn ptuiS lee'
in hive of most serviceable design.
supplemented by extra hives and
other fittings. as well as by authentic
textbooks on Bookkeeping, may be OBJ
tanned For twice this amount three
or four fun colonies of bees may be
purchased With such an outfit the
amateur who gives his bees only .
little attention-a few moments daily
or maybe only a half-hour during the
entire week-will, under ordinary
conditions, produce enough honey for
five persons Three or four colonies
to start with, would not only provide
for the home table, but give small
surplus to sell.
From this small start, with only
occasional attention through the year
the amateur may gradually build up
an apiary as large as he may choose
to maintain. Each colony, under nor
NAL conditions, viii throw off one
swarm, and sometimes two, during
the season, and these newcomers, if
properly cared for, will very soon
begin their work of storing up a sup
ply of well-filled sections.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-03-07
NO. o.-THE DARK BRAHMA.

when high fencing has to be erected
and kept in order.
No breed makes a finer appearance.
A flock of dark Brahmas, with their
large size. dignified bearing, plumage
of white, gray and black. is a sight
to be remembered. The legs and
skin are yellow.
They do not wander far, even
when given their liberty, and, for
aging closely, they are great aid
in the destruction of harmful insect
life. BY little persistent effort they
can be readily trained to stay within
a certain range if this is not too
prescribed; therefore, they can be
allowed out of their yards at times
on suburban places. This will prove
of benefit not only to themselves, but
will also be advantageous to the
growth of the grass, trees or shrub
berry through which they roam.
The dark Brahmas are strong and
vigorous. With proper care. they
are remarkably free from disease.
Being closely and thiclSly feathered,
they do not mind the cold, and, on
this account, if properly treated and
ed, will lay during the winter, or
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-03-07

upon which sheep thrive best. Plow-
ing the land prevents danger from
stomach worm eggs dropped upon it.
In warm weather the flock should be
moved to fresh ground every ten days
or two weeks to prevent infection OF
lambs by larvae from eggs dropped
from the ewes If lambs are by them
selves, the time between changes
might be longer but in most forage
crop rotations changes will need to
be made every two or three weeks
Fall-sown rye spring oats, and
YetcheS or peas, rape, cowpeas, soy
beans, crimson OF. Japan clover.
planted at proper intervals, will fur
nish fresh pasturage at times desired.
Some OF the land can be used twice
in a year, as by having one planting
of rape upon the rye ground. The
cultivation of the land destroys all
infection from previous pasturing.
Under such a system CT cropping and
grazing the land will improve, as the
manurial value of the crops is prac-
ticaily all left upon the land and is
very evenly distributed. Like the boil
weevil. the stomach worm was con-
sidered to be wholly an evil thing
until it was found that the methods
of prevention and circumvention were
also the best methods for economical
production.
ololildCu pIHlS are tiutli TESS
troublesome in the cooler months.
Also rape and some other forages
will furnish good winter feed if
planted early enough to make a fair
growth before the coolest weather.
Lambs marketed in March or April
sell at a premium because Of the
market scarcity of genuine spring
| lambs at that time of the year
To Protect Sheep from Dogs.
| The dog question is a serious one
| in many sections. and better state
| legislation is needed to protect flocks
! from the rayages of worthless ours
! Woven wire fences will turn dogs
| While it is expensive to fence large
| pastures in this way, smaller fields
devoted to forage crops will carry the
! flock in more healthy condition and
require much less outlay for fencing.
The whole forage crop area can be
fenced and lower portable fences used
for combining the sheep to the partic-
ular crop ready for grazing.
1t is seldom that the Highly bred
and well-kept dogs attack sheep. The
rowing nondescripts do most of the
| damage. Communities in which the
| majority OF people consider sheep to
he of more importance than dogs will
have a sentiment that is not healthful
| for dogs that trthel independently.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-03-07

Beel<eepin9 as business presents
possibilities such as are offered by
few other lines of endeavor; an equal
consideration being given to capital
invested, amount of labor required
ard the reward. Keeping bees on a
large scale does not require the at
tention which must be continually
given to poultry-raising. while it's
profits-capital invested being equal
or less-are greater. Bees require
comparatively strict attention through
only a few months of the year. Poul-
try must be fed and watched with
care, day after day, throughout every
season.
But it is not the purpose of the
writer to discourage the raising of
chickens, or to lessen the interest in
any other fascinating and profitable
pursuit, through q comparison of its
money making possibilities to that of
Tie keeping of bees\
Indeed Dee culture ideally lends
itself to combination with poultry
raising, general farming, fruit culture
and almost any other similar work
In favorable alliances like these the
chances for a favorable income, sea-
son after season and year after year,
are greatly enhanced.
carried on by a number of men and
few women in many localities for
years, but it is only since the advent
of the modern bee hive, with it's NOV
able frames, an innovation that COM
rletely revolutionized the industry,
that the attention of mankind has
been directed to the business of fos-
tering honey culture as an occupation
from which a livelihood, and more,
could be made.
One OF the most extensive apiaries
an the United States is that at Delan-
aaon, n. VI, founded by e. w. Alexan-
der, where $50 colonies are kept in one
yard From these many millions of
bees, with the care of only two or
three assistants during the busy sea-
son, this proficient beekeeper has
produced a honey crop valued at more
than $1,000 in a single year. But it
should not be the aim of the beginner
in Bookkeeping to attempt the emula-
ton of the wonderful success of the
Alexander apiary. Years of patient
plodding, countless days spent in
study and experimenting have built
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-03-07

Sheep raising can be made profit
able on the hills of northern New
Jersey, and thoughtful farmers are
more and more taking up the ques-
ton of raising mutton and wool on
ground that might not otherwise be
used.
The consumption of mutton per
capita in the United States is in
creasing every year, though the
amount used is much less, in pro-
portion to other meat. than in
Europe. There are good reasons for
expecting a continuation of good
prices for mutton and lamb, and the
demand for wool also may be eX-
pected to increase more rapidly than
the production. These facts are
brought out In a recent letter from
a specialist of the department to a
farmer who inquired regarding the
possibilities of the sheep business.
The departments specialist called
attention to the fact that while farm
raised sheep have often not been
profitable, this has usually been be-
cause of lack Of proper attention and
management Variations in price of
wool and mutton have stood in the
way of such general interest in sheep
as would cause them to be regarded
do il6h DIS thtS oiiphiN w - Ni'S
future. Ranges all over the world are
now carrying about as many sheep as
they can support under a strict range
system, and an increase in the pro-
duction of sheep products must come
mainly from farms. Here, then, is
the farmers opportunity to take adj
vantage Of the increased consumption
of these products.
While mutton can be produced at
low cost, and there is growing de-
mand for 1t, difficulty in selling may
be experienced in sections where the
amount of live stock produced has
rot been sufficient to make it worth
while for regular buyers to operate.
Strengthening plants that can handle
carloads are within reach of all sec
tions. and if sufficient number of
neighbors combine to have 100 lambs
of similar breeding. size and condi-
ton to ship Jointly, the returns are
assured It will also be possible to
secure visits and bids from buyers
when such a number Is promised.
The same organization can also be
used in disposing of the wool.
Sheep Profitable as Meat Producers.
In countries where economy in farm
management has been studied a long
time, the sheep is considered to be
necessary in utilizing vegetation on
such waste lands as are not wet or
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-03-07

While there has been some un-
certainty as to the origin of the
Brahmas, there is every reason to
believe that they came originally
from the banks of the Brahmaputra.
a river in India. The Brahmas were
not, like the other Asiatic breeds,
sent to this country from England;
instead. they were brought direct to
the United States, where the breed
was improved and then introduced
into England While the Brahmas
are fairly well known, they are not
so well understood, or so popular as
many other varieties,
II handled properly and treated
with care and intelligence they are
one of the most desirable and prof
table breeds. Particularly is this the
case when kept ON suburban places.
In many of these places the space
that can be given to poultry is linn
tied. 1t is advantageous, therefore,
to select a variety that win thrive
we'll in yards. No breed Will do bet
ter in this respect. A fence need be
only from three to four feet high in
order to confine them. thus saving
the trouble and expense necessary
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-03-07
How to Care for Indian Runner Ducklings


For the suburbante with only a
limited space in which to raise poul-
try, the Indian Runner ducks are the
ideal fowl. They do not require run
ming water and will do well on q
small range if provided with plenty
of green food. An eighteen-inch strip
of poultry netting confines them any
where you want them, and, what is
best of all, they do not have lice or
mites.
They are easy to raise and mature
so quickly that they will weigh four
or five pounds at twelve weeks of
age. At this age they are fine roast
ed, have a distinct, gamey flavor and
are really much superior TO the ia
nous wild ducks that are SO much
sought after by epicures.
At five months of age they begin
laying and are justly called the leg
horns of the duck family Such
quantities of large white eggs as
these ducks lay are constant sur
prise to those just beginning the
raising of them. Their eggs are much
IltllGI lllhli lNilo t6EN AOA AbliiitLlN
purposes and are equally good for
the table. They are larger than hens
eggs and not so many of them are
required in making cakes or other
dishes that call for eggs.
They lay practically the year round,
some ducks having a certified record
of 800 eggs. During the moulting
period they lay an occasional egg,
and in the fall and winter. when eggs
are scarce and high, they keep the
egg basket filled to overlooking.
Those who have been breeding
these ducks for three years are more
enthusiastic over their many good
qualities each year.
For the beginner, buying several
sittings of eggs is the cheapest way
of getting n start. These should be
incubated under hens, if possible, as
hen-hatched ducklings or chicks are
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-03-07

sex cannot be distinguished or is inn
material Hen-An adult female
fowl; in exhibition classification a
bird one year old or over; also in
compounds, turkey hen, pea hen.
Lawn and sunfiowcr.
Will you tell me what TO do with
my lawn? My husband let his chick
ems on it in the fall and spoiled it,
What must | do with it now? Also.
what must | do TO make sunfowers
grow? | have planted the seed in the
spring. but somehow have not been
able to make them come up; also do
chickens Matched out in March mott
their feathers like the old hens in the
fall? MRS. J. c.
Harrison
We would suggest raking over the
lawn thoroughly as soon as the frost
is out of the ground in the spring
and scattering seed over all of the
bare spots. \ liberal dressing of
manure, together with careful water
ing will probably put the grass in
good Shape
Sunfiowers require good, rich soil.
If 1T is not fertile, liberal manuring
must be practised. Any land on
which corn does we'll should be suit
able for sunfiowers The method of |
planting and cultiVating given, should |
be the same as for corn.
AS a rule chickens do not molt I'M
til they are year old Experiments
at the Cornell experiment station
showed that the older each hen be-
came the later they mott. and the
longer the time taken-one, two and
three years old using an average of
", lol and lO4 days, respectively.
Petunia Seedlings sickIy.
have tried to start my seeding
petunias in an old hotbed but the
seedlings grow poorly and the foliage
becomes siclSly yellow. Can you
suggest a way for me to overcome
this trouble?
Orange. p
The hotbed soil is undoubtedly too
rich for starting petunia seeds You
should start them in a fiat contain
ing good garden soil, consisting of a
friable. mellow, sandy loan, and then
transplant the seedlings to a slightly
enriched soil, making sure not to
shock them during transplanting.
Aim rather to keep them growing in
moderate and well-aerated heat
breeders of Houdans.
] have read with much interest your
article No, 8, Whose Who in Poul-
try" on the Houdan breed in poul-
try and would like to know if you can
give me the addresses of breeders of
these fowls from whom l might get
eggs for Matching. Also please tell
me how much the settings of eggs
would cost? D. S. M
Dover.
The following are Well-known breed
ers of Houdan fowls located in North
ern New Jersey:
w. f. Bast, Il Marshall street,
PhillipsburG.
| II. Beam, Bound Brook.
Charles r. Hendrickson, 10 Mont
! gomery street. Jersey City.
George II. Hid, Whippany
Lands &. Spring, Vineland.
L. Mege, Teaneck.
Joseph Pillion Whippany
Peter Pillion, Whippany.
Walter A Schultz, Englewood
Mrs. j. p Smelling, Towaco.
William j. Stryker, White House
Station.
Yuo had better write to several of
them telling what you want. and ask
ing if they can supply you with eggs
and what their prices would be.
The prices usually charged for such
eggs are from $1.50 to s. per setting.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-03-07

much stronger than machine-hatched
ones. The eggs should be sprinkled
twice weekly with lukewarm water
the first three weeks. The last week
they must be sprinkled daily. They
hatch in twenty-six days.
The ducklings may be raised by q
nice gentle hen or in a brooder Most
people prefer the hen as being less
trouble. but she must be a quiet fowl.
as q nervous, wild hen will knock
them over and may kill some They
should be put in a warm, dry coop and
must not be fed until thirtysiX hours
old; then give them soft mash OF
shorts, bran, stale bread, grits,
mixed with warm water or sweet
milk, with little grit mixed with it.
Give them only little at time,
and when giving the mash be sure
they have water Give water often
in a tiny tin can or dish about two
'inches deep the first two weeks. After
that the vessel may be larger. The
water must be deep enough for them
to immerse their heads in or their
nostrils will get gummed up and they
will die, but they must not get wet
nor be allowed to play I'm the water
until they are at least two weeks
old
a little fine charcoal should be
sprinl1led over their food two or three
times weekly. They should be fed
five times daily the first three weeks,
after that three times daily is suffi-
cient. They should have the run of a
grass plot or have plenty of green
food supplied them. They like lettuce
best of all. After they are two weeks
old a hopper of grit, oyster shells
and coarse wheat bran should be
kept before them constantly. These
should be kept in separate compart-
ments, never mixed. They will con-
sumo quantities of the bran and
grow like magic. A little green bone,
freshly chopped. may be given twice
week.
Aside from the commercial value OF
these ducks they are a pleasure to
raise, are graceful and are ideal pets,
an ornament to any lawn