The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-09-06

be ceded to Piedmont through France Venetia, still under the Austrian crown was to enter the confederation. Modena and Tuscany were to take back their dukes, whom they had driven out.
 Napoleon had become alarmed at the growing importance of Piedmont, to which three other states had asked to be joined Prussia was mobiizing her troops on the French border, and he had other troubles. The Italians, much incensed, had also to submit to the loss of Savoy and Nice, which Napoleon annexed in payment for his aid.
 peror of the French? That is another story. and worth telling.
 During the A years elapsing after the treaty of Paris, when the great powers divided up Europe to suit themselves. Italy consisted of the kingdom of Sar- dinia Piedmont and Sardinia), the duch- ies of Parma, Modena, and Lucca, the states of the Church Romagna and the Marches) and the kingdom of the two Sicilies (Naples and Sicily). The last was in the extreme south and touched the Adriatic on the east and the Tyrrhenian sea on the west. Next north came the papal states, with a coast line on both waters. Tuscany was wedged in between the pope's states and the Tyrrhenlan. Modena and Parma were north of that, with Lucca just southwest of Modena, and Piermont bordered France and the Gulf of Genoa or the north. Sardinia was on the west of the Tyrrhenian opposite Ma ples.
 Lombardy and venetia, which Austria had taken, were north of Parma. Modena and Romagna. And as Parma was given to Marie Louise. Napoileon's wife. and Modena and Tuscany reverted to princes of Austria, that country controlled these three duchies also. All these Italian states were kept separate as part of Metter- nich's scheme to prevent growth of Italian unity.
 Second Republic Falls
 The French on getting rid of Louis Philippe decided that they had enough of kings and that the second republic should be set up. AftG time of much rioting in which 10000 were killed and 11,000 were wounded, a constitution was formed and election claws promulgated. The president was to be chosen by unl- versal suffrage. In the midst of this pop ular discomfort Louis Napoleon Bona parte appeared in France and offered him. self as a candidate Bonaparte! That name proved winner overwhelmingly and the prince-president entered, upon his duties. He found himself with majority in the assembly. The constitution was doomed.
 For three years he shaped his course so cleverly that by December 2, 1851. all was ready for the coup d'etat. That night every man likely to oppose him in what he was about to do was slapped into prison Riots again occurred, and there was street fighting, bloodshed and imprisonment. The farce of an election was held and it was made to appear that the French voters had by nearly 15 to 1 decided that they wished the prince to readjust the consti- tuition to their needs.
 About year later the second act was played and Napoleon was ''elected' em- peror by 2S to l. He established himself as Napoleon III. The name had not lost it's power with the people. Parliment was deprived of most of its powers and there was a return to the government of 1901 The Legislative" body was elected es-t.-.... six years. The senate was appointed by the emperor The emperor's power was absolute. With Louis XIV he might truly say, tL' Etats cest moi.v for it was.