davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1914-11-12
THE CHRISTMAS SHIP
oskaloosa's Contribution Received
Aud Acknowledged. IT,.

W., G. Eby has received acknowl.
edgement of the Christmas contribu.
ton sent from Oskaloosa to Chicago
for the first Christina ship that is
sailing from Brooklyn soon. Con.
5ervatively estimated the value of
the gifts sent from oskaloosa was
around $500. The boxes and bundles
went forward by express from here
ind will have place In the FIVE hun:
dred.ton ship load OF Christmas
goods, the gift of the United States
for, the boys and girls In the war
zone beyond tAe seas.
Official notice was received by Eby
Friday evening Of the safe arrival OF
the goods from oskaioosa and ex-
pressing appreciation Of the special
interest taken by this community.
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1914-11-12
Rural carrler KiIled.

Knoxville, Nov. II. B. Young, Jr,
the son of Mr.. and Mrs. o. P, Young
of Knoxville was Totally injured in a
motorcycle accident on the streets OF
Pella, dying a few hours later. Mr.,
Young was rural mail carrier on route
2 out of Pella, and had just returned
after making his trip. He had been to
the postoffice and was on his home
trip riding around the public square,
when he fell from the motorcycle and
struck his head against the wheel of
an automobile. 1t is thought that his
neck was broken.
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1914-11-12
". "A. c. A. Athletes.

Physical Director Davis, OF the
local Y. M, G. A. announces the fol-
lowing schedule OF gymnasium
classes:
Business Mems Glass Mondays,
Wednesdays and Fridays, at 5 p. m.
Seniors - Mondays and Wednes.
days, at 8 p. m,
Intermediates - Tuesday, and Fri.
days. at $3.50 p. m.
Juniors - Wednesdays at 4 D. M,
and Saturdays at a. m.
Employed Boys Mondays and FRI
days at p. m.
High School Mondays and Thurs
days At $50 pm. W
& Basket BallAT Tuesdays AZ g.s0 ..
volley Ban Thursdays a 1880 p.
MI IN
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1914-11-12
To Have New Expert.

Muscatine, Iowa, November T.
The present month will determine
the fate of the county crop movement
in Muscatine county. The executive
committee of the local county crop
improvement association has decided
upon several days automobile cam
paign as a means of securing pledges
to the amount of $4,000 to support
the work, Failure to secure this am.
cunt will result in the abandonment
OF the project which has the backing
OF the United States department OF
agriculture.
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1914-11-12
Farmers Not pellyer;na Zoos.

The state food and dairy COM
mission Is again receiving complaints
from over the state that the farmers
are not delivering eggs to them, The
dealers say that some of the farmers
are attempting TO hold their eggs
for higher prices. The state inspec-
tors will be instructed to investigate
the complaints,
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1914-11-12
FIVE DIE IN A PRAIRIE FIRE
They Rush From School House In an
Attempt to Reach Safety and
are Stricken Down.

Dickinson, North Dakota, Nov t.
Miss Gladys HOLSTER. teacher of
country school near here and four of
her pupils are dead and three others
will probably die, following a prairie
ire which swept this part of the state
doing much damage. The little school
house which they deserted in an at
tempt TO reach safety stands unharm-
"a 5.Es
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1914-11-12
GREAT WESTERN
WILL HAUL CORN
FREE FROM IOWA
16.YEAR.oLp BOY AckNoWLEDe.
ES TO ARSON.
PELLk RURAL CARRIES KILLED
A Champion Corn Husker Reported
From Page County. museatine
County in Effort to Raise
$4,000 Crop ImproV't.
PELLk RURAL CARRIES KILLtI

Des Moines, Nov. Z. - The Great
Western railroad has offered to haul
corn free from Iowa points on the line
to Chicago to aid the Belgian relief
work. d. s. Chamberlain, chairman OF
the committee, is devoting his entire
time to the work. After the shipload
OF corn reaches Chicago, the London
relief committee will pay the trans.
portation to New York and over sea
on ship, '.
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1914-11-12
Prominent Attorney Dead.

pes Moines, Nov. 7.-Alonzo c. Par
kel, a prominent lawyer, died this
morning following a brief Illness OF
peritUnitis He is survived byFa wild
ow. H ewas born in Indiana in 1858
and came here in 1894. At one time
he was associated with N r. Guern,
sey, now of new York. 81
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1914-11-12
Tramps Are Many.

Application Is being mare at po-
lice headquarters, almost every night
for lodging and shelter. The mum.
Der of men on tle road Is said to be
unusually heavy this fall. They are
drifting to tne south and west.
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1914-11-12
Makes Husklna Record.

Shenandoah, Nov. 7.-Shenandoah
has an entry for the best corn huskeI
in the state. Grin Virgins of Oswega
Kan, who is husking corn for George
for George E. Gordan, shucked 13S
bushels one day last week in eleven
hours.
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1914-11-12
FARMERS NATIONAL 8ANE
". I. Beans, President. go az
W. H. Pike, Vice President
r. X. Davis, Cashier.
CAPITAL STOCK, 100000
Paid In Fun.

Directors: w. !, Beans; Charley
Victor; w. H. Springer; Thos. J.
Wilson; R. W. Moore; w, q. Reed;
W. H. Pike; Paul synhorst; Geo. s.
Prime; r. X. Davis; M, s. Downey.
Complete set OF Safety Deposit
Boxes. The $50 stockholders are All
Mahaska County farmers.
Farmer: Make this your head,
quarters while In the City. l6tt
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1914-11-12
LARGE Eaqle Killed.

An eagle measuring six feet from
tip to tip OF its wings was shot by
a boy on his fathers farm seven
miles from Charles City last week,
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1914-11-12
Keen Them Locked,

Good idea 10 keep outbuildings
under lock- Night prowlers are
about In many parts oE town and
tramps are working down from the
north.
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1914-11-12
THE VOTE ON SHERIFF
Details Show The Trend Of Results
In The County.

| The following table gives in detail
the vote on Sheriff In Mahaska coun-
ty and indicates the general trend of
results: .-t- ~'...'. -~...... . -. e..
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1914-11-12
Good pflce Tor land

Bert Moore has sold his 20 acre
farm north of Delta 10 Elenry Rey.
DoldA OF McInklFe Iowa Consider
ton, $500. which II sz76 an acre.
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1914-11-12
Farm saIee Are SORTED

Farm sales are fine entertainment
just now with spirited bidding for
any description Of property
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1914-11-12

kaloosa, VS.. William NeiI, charged
with speeding.
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1914-11-12
Aahaska County State Bank
Of oskaIooss, iowa.

Safety Deposit Boxes for Rent.
Il Dr.. %.
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1914-11-12

- and -
Union Savings Bank.

Capital and surplus. 49,. .pf79oOo
deposits '................ $500, o0q
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1914-02-05
COURT DID NOT
QUESTION MERITS
Recent Decision Affecting Chi
r0praGtors was Without
FinaIity

A decision covering the practice Of
chiropractors has recently been the
subject Of comment by F. H. Hart
well, a prominent lawyer of MdIHau-
kee. In telling Of the decision, the
attorney speaks OF the weakness of
the state medical law, wherein it
does not provide for the introduction
Of new sciences.
A recent case of Arnold VS.
Schmidt, which was an attempt to
stop the practice Of the new profes-
sion because of the lack of a license
from the state board, gives an impor-
tant decision on the subject
The language of the supreme court
shows that they cid not discuss the
merits of the professions at all, but
confined themselves to whether the
fact to be proved was within the
statutes against practising osteo-
pathy In the records there appeared
no authentic description OF the sci
ence ard as to whether the pro
fessicn was an Illegal one did not
arise in the court recorGs.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1914-02-05
GRAND RAPIDS LOSES

The basket ball games between
the first and second high school
teams from MarshfieId and Grand
Rapids resulted in a victory for the
second Grand Rapids team by an
to count, and a victory for the
first Marshfield team, by d sore OF
Is to Is.
The gym at the Lincoln building
was crowded with rooters for both
sides A large bo6y of rooters ac-
companied the team from Marshfield
The curtain raiser was a game be
tween the second teams of the two
schools and resulted in victory
for the Rapids by an to ) count.
The main event of the evening,
the game between the first teams,
was hair raiser and there was not
an instant when the excitement was
not forthcoming. A close score and
a sea saw game made it a heart
breaker for the spectators. An idea
of the cIoseness of the play may be
gained when it is known that the
score at the end of. the firettss half
was 8 to Z in favor of Marshlield.
after the call Of play
in the second half, the Rapids men
rushed the playing and soon led by
a score of II to 9. This lead did
not last, however, for the Marsh
filed men again forged to the front
and finally captured the game by a
score of 1S to 10. Which is a re-
close score. The Rapids
men did good work, especially when
it is considered that the Manshfieli
team has a coach and that it play
ed as guard one of the members OF
the Co. A military team of that city.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1914-02-05
VOLUME So. NUMBER Z.

state expenses are $12, 600, 900. The
governor admits that the state tax
of Wisconsin has multiplied three
fold in a single year, but Justified
the advance that other states and this
nation are taxing the people unmerci-
fully, so that Wisconsin, to keep it
self on the map, must be follower
(she was once a leader). He also
says. the dairy commission saved the
state $4,000 900. The railroad COM
saved $4,000, ,000 Well, for
the love of Mike" can't there be a
stop put to these great savings?
With the boasted saving of the rail-
road taxation, income tax, and now
a clear saving of $12, 100000 by COM
MISSIONS, our taxes have increased
300 per cent in a single year. 1t is
ime to find the leak and plug it up.
The people Will not be much longer
blinded by subterfuge Most of them
NOW that two and two make four.
JACOB LUSK.
Grand Rapids, Wis, Jan. %.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1914-02-05
Mr.. GROUND
Hoe COMES OUT
No Sun, no Shadow. Stays Out,
Winter Over?

According to tradition we VIII
have an early spring. Mr.. Ground
Hog did not see his shadow when he
came out of his winter quarters Mon
day. That means that the winter is
practically over, that is if we believe
the tradition, some do, others don't.
It's a pleasant thing to think about
at any rate-no more winter, no more
coal bills, no more wood to saw and
split, no more snow to shovel. But
at that, the grounding may be mis-
taken, or the theory may be wrong
and we may have, as We have had
IN days gone by, six more weeks of |
winter whether the ground. hog saw !
shadow or not. Whatever your par
ticular idea may be about the cor
rectness of the tradition and its eff
fects, it is a cinch that Mr. Ground
Hog did not see his shadow Monday
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1914-02-05

A. J. Cowell, sheriff of Wood coun-
ty, drove up from Grand Rapids by
automobile this morning and boarded
500 train No. for Oshkosh. He was
accompanied by his daughter, Mrs.
Bluett, Mr.. Crawshaw, a hotel keep
er at Spencer, and the latter's daugh
ter, Alice Crawshaw, a young lady
of about % years. Alice was pro-
nounced insane and ordered commit
ted to Northern Hospital.
The case is a peculiarly sad one,
as Alice is a good looking girl and
has been a social favorite in her
home town. She has been keeping
company" with a young man and
they were engaged to marry, in fact
the date had been set, the briderto-
be's trousseau prepared and practic-
ally all other arrangeme ents made
when the fellow reconsidered with
out any known rea SON This was a
few months ago, since which time
Miss Crawshaw had been brooding
over the affair and this week her
mind gave way completely.-Steyens
Point Gazette.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1914-02-05
RIGHT ARM BROKEN

Orson Cochran, when returning
from church Sunday evening, slipped
and fell as he was going into their
residence on the sidewalk and frac-
tured his right arm within a few
inches Of the shoulder. He was tax
en- into his home and Doctor A. L.
Ridgman took care of the broken arm
This accident is unfortunate for Or
son as it will confine him to the
house for some time His work of
tuning pianos is such that he will be
unable to attend to it for some time.
The ice on the sidewalk was cover
ed with light furry of snow and
Orson slipped as a consequence. He
tried to save himself with his right
arm and in that manner it was brok-
en-
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1914-02-05
TEA ROOM OPENED

The Tea Room of the Johnson &
Hill Co. was formally opened to the
public last Thursday. The tearoom
located on the mezzanine floor and
presents a very attractive appearance
The room is prettily decorated with
ferns, palms and artificial flowers.
The removal of the soda fountain
to the mezzanine floor where it will
be used in connection with the tea
room has made a decided difference
in the appearance of the mezzanine
floor. The handsome soda fountain
and the prettily decorated tea room
have turned this part of the store
into one of the most attractive spots
in the entire building. Hot choco-
late, ice cream, sodas and all foun-
tain dishes will be served beside
sandwiches, doughnuts, etc.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1914-02-05

Miss Katherine Casper of the town
of Rudolph, and Mr.. John Fiiilebrand
Of Manitowoc, were united in mar
riage at SIS. Peter and Paul's church
on Tuesday morning, Rev, VIM. Red
ing officiating. They were attended
by Misses Adeline and Elizabeth
Casper, and John and Joseph Hille-
braund of Manitowoc. The bride
was gowned in white messaline and
carried white roses and pink car
nations. Following the ceremony
wedding breakfast was served at the
home of the bride in Rudolph. Mr..
Carl Hillebraund and daughter, Re
gina, and Mr. Joseph Stein of Manlto
Voc, were the out of town guests
present at the wedding. Mr.. and
Mrs. HilIebraund will leave on Satur-
day for Manitowoc, where they Will
make their home where Mr.. Hille-
braund is employed as a painter.
Their many friends wish them long
life of happiness,
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1914-02-05
MARRIAGE LICENSES

The following marriage licenses
have beeen issued by County Clerk
F. H. Eberhardt.
Wesley A Merritt of Pittsville,
and Miss Margaret Sawin of Pitts
vile.
Frank A. Eelhofer of the town of
Richfield to Josephine PankTatz OF
the town of Marshfield.
Herbert Earl Tubbs of Arpin, and
Gertrude Caroline Benson OF ATp;n.
Otto Reinhold of the town of Lin
coin to Elizabeth Book of the town
of Richfield,
A. L. Brigham of Bayfield, and Hen
rietta R. Barr of Marshfield.
Charles Erlund Of Rudolph and Mrs
Amelia Kubisky of Grand Rapids.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1914-02-05
SABBATH SCHOOL
GROWING RAP|DLY
Make Additional Room and Re-
organize Glasses

This month of January has witness
ed a definite proof of the develop
ment of Christian ideas and ideals
here in Grand Rapids. The First
Congregational Sunday school of this
city has been compelled to move it's
entire junior department into the
large room which was formerly used
as a church dining room. This move
ment was necessary in order that t, e
increased number of pupils could be
properly cared for. This department
has recently shown an increase in
attendance of about so per cent. This
rapid growth in attendance in addi-
ton to the corresponding increase
i'll the Intermediate and senior de-
partment showed the need of addi-
room was fitted up for the Junior
department. The attractive arrange
ment of the tables, chairs, rugs and
of the decorations make a cozy,
cheerful atmosphere which is very
helpful
In order to increase the efficiency
of each teacher most of the larger
classes have been divided into small
er groups. This plan will enable the
teacher to give the pupils more of
their personal attention and help
than was formerly possible.
Here is an opportunity to ally your
helping to make Grand Rapids a
better city. ~
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1914-02-05
MANY FARMERS GATHER

MADISON, Wis, Jan. 29.-Meet-
ings of the following associations viii
be held in Madison on Friday, Febru-
ary 6:
Wisconsin Ayrshire Breeders as
sociation, Wisconsin Red Polled
Cattle Club, Wisconsin Aberdeen An
gus Breeders association, Wisconsin
Shorthorn Breeders association, Wis
consin Jersey Breeders association
Wisconsin Poland China Breeders
association, Wisconsin Horse Breed
ers' association, Wisconsin Duroc
jersey Breeders association, Wis
ton, Wisconsin Chester White Breed
ers association and Wisconsin She p
Breeders association
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1914-02-05
WISCONSIN MAY
GET S752,5OO
Measure Pending Before Con-
gress for Yearly Appr0pria-
ton of S25,OO0,000.

WASHINGTON, D. c., Jan. %
Wisconsin will be entitled to $752,-
800 annually from the United States
government for use in making and
maintaining good roads, il the
Shackleford Roads bill becomes a law
This big measure carries an annual
appropriation OF $4,000, 600. to be ex-
pended in various states in proper
ton to their road. mileage, and the
state treasury is to match it with
an equal sum, if the state desires
federal aid
The bill is of interest to Wiscon-
sin, inasmuch as cne Of the trainers
of the measure is Edward E. Browne,
congressman from the eighth district,
a member of the committee on roads.
"a" Roads Get 500 Per Mile
In speaking of the measure, Mr.
Browne says:
"The bill reported by our commit
tee provides for an appropriation OF
$25 100000, which is to be appOrt.on-
ed as follows: one-half OF the amount
according to the population of each
state. and one-half according to the
number of miles of rural post roads
in each state. Wisconsin, under
this apportionment, win be given
1882, 500 The state has an option
under this bill to expend that money
in making a system Of permanent
roads approved by the Secretary OF
Agriculture of the United States, or
to distribute the money ON the re-
ward plan giving any road district
a reward of $50 per mile on a road
which is designated i'm the bIl as
"A" which is a macadam road or
its equivalent; $50 per NILE On a
road designated in the bill as "B'
constructed of gravel or gravel and
clay or its equivalent; So per
mile on a road designated in the bill
as &C" which is a sand road we'll
BY dragging and kept in good condi-
drained and crowned and compacted
ton.
State Must Provide Equal Amount,
Each state has the right to use
the money apportoned on any or
combination of the above plans. The
only conditions are that the. state
provides an equal amount OF money
10 be expended with the amount of
money furnished by the federal gov
ernment, and that the road be con
structed according to the plans and
specifications given by the United
States secretary of agriculture, and
so as to meet his approval The re
ward plan specified i'm the bill had
to be given to enable the states
whose constitutions do not permit
of state aid for road building, to re-
ceive aid. If this bill becomes a
law il. means that the national
government, with expert eng, ,neers
such as constructed the Panama
Canal, will take hand in road build
ing"
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1914-02-05
GRAND RAPIDS CHOSEN

MADISON. Wis, Jan. 29-The next
annual meeting of the Wisconsin Po-
tato Growers association VIII be held
in Grand Rapids. in October or No
yember Of the present year.
This was decided at a special ses-
sion of the officers recently held in
Milwaukee.
The members of the executive com.
mittee. ). W. Hicks of Phillips. Ben
f. Faast of Eau Claire and James G.
Milward Of Madison, will meet a dele
gation of growers in Madison on
February 5th to consider a plan of
state wide seed certification.
The necessity of careful inspection
not only of the tubers intended for
market and seed, but of the growing
plants as well, has been proven and
many of the leading potato men Of
the state have already indicated a
Willingness to cooperate to the end
that Wisconsin potatoes will be even
better than ever.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1914-02-05
Jury CASES
DISPOSED Of
Two Divorce Cases Also Dis
posed of Wednesday

The jury cases came to an end
Wednesday evening when the case
of Anton Dallendorfer versus Walter
Woodford ct al, went to the jury at
about five O'Clock.
Immediately after the jury retired,
two divorce cases followed each
other in quick succession.
The first case was Hanna Doloway
versus Lewis Doloway of Port Ed
wards Cruelty was the alleged
charge. A divorce was granted, each
side paying its own costs. Chas. E.
Briere appeared for the plaintiff and
John Roberts appeared for the de-
fendant.
The second case was II. G. Werth
versus Augusta Werth. The charge
being adultry and desertion. This
case went by default, Chas. E.
Briere appearing for the plaintiff.
The divorce was granted and Mr..
Werth was given the custody of the
ten year old daughter.
The jury in the Schmidt Bros.
versus J. C. Keifer case, after being
out fifteen hours brought in a YER
dict at 2 o'clock Thursday morning
The verdict was that there was no
cause for action ON the part OF either
parties. The case was claim and
q counter claim over the digging or
drilling of a we'll for the defendant
oy the plaintiff.
The jury in the Dallendorfer versus
Woodford ct al, case was out about |
seven hours and came in little |
after midnight with verdict Of no |
;ause for action. The case was |
over an alleged claim for S100 by |
he plaintiff for services in making
/ real estate deal.
Ida Gass was granted a divorce
rom Godfrey Gass of Marshfield, on
Thursday morning in circuit court.
The. bill of complaint alleged habitual
R. E. Andrews of
Iarshfield appeared for the plaintiff.
The defendant was not represented
md the case went by default.
This brings the jury casse to
lose for the. October term Of court.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1914-02-05
TARIFF CUTS BUTTER PRICES
Many Countries Unload Supplies in
New York-Uneasy Wholesalers
Reduce Quotations.

NEW YORK, Feb. Am influx Of
foreign butter from all parts Of the
world, due to the reduction of the
tariff from to 21a cents pound,
has caused a decline in the New
York wholesale price of 10 cents a
pound since Jan. L.
Three hundred thousand pounds
from Australia have been laid down
here within the last three weeks.
Butter has also been shipped from
Argentina, Denmark and Siberia.
The shipments, butter dealers
admitted, have created marked un-
easiness in the wholesale market
with heavy unloading of various
stocks. The best grade butter sold
Saturday at 2612 to 27 cents pound.
wholesale. The American demand for
foreign butter has caused a rise of 2
to 3 cents a pound in some of the
foreign markets.
1t is generally admitted that the
price of butter in the future will be
kept at a lower average level than
before.