davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Hermanner Volksblatt. [volume] (Hermann, Mo.) 1875-1928, 1914-09-25

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Hermanner Volksblatt. [volume] (Hermann, Mo.) 1875-1928, 1914-09-25

Gin 8rejs bat seidst: srjt
bas tpmmsaoe alter psrmns ibes saA
aeaenpdrtige su tr0ften.
The Bemidji daily pioneer., 1914-12-18
A CLEANUP week.
Value Of Such a Campaign Exempiifieo
In q Pennsylvania Town.

Value Of Such Campaign Exsmpiifiso
In q Pennsylvania Town.
If there is any one who doubts the
value of cleanup campaigns they nigh,
find some enlightenment in the success
Of such campaign recently completed
in washington, Pa
This campaign was worked up grad.
ua1ly, eliminating in one big day. The
city was divided into wards. districts.
blocks and streets in such way that
when cleanup day arrived there was
somebody responsible for the tidiness
of every street and alley. A carefully
arranged schedule was made up for the
direction of the transfer wagons for
the gathering of rubbish. and thirty
teams completed the collections be-
tween 3 and o'clock on cleanup day
All rubbish from streets and alleys
was loaded on freight cars lying on
railroad SidingS and shipped out Of
town Five carloads in all were ship
ped away. while twice twenty cars
were collected and burned by individ
uaIs on private grounds The total
cost. including office expenses. station
cry. advertising. transportation. Ia Dor
and freight was $2A.
The Bemidji daily pioneer., 1914-12-18

layout of the work should be such
that no member or the crew need
wait on the progress Of the other. but
all proceed simultaneously. and when
they have passed through the street
the work will be done. The method Of
householder sweeping the dirt into the
street. the street cleaner sweeping it
into piles and the piles being removed
by wagons. with the occasional passing
first on one side Of the street and then
on the other of some piece of street
cleaning apparatus. results in contin
ual stirring up of dust. to the great
discomfort Of all concerned. while the
street never really gets cleaned.
: The number of men IN the cleaning
crew depends on the kind OF machin
cry used. As no machine Is capable OF
reaching all parts Of the street a Ger
tain amount of manual sweeping is
necessary, especially when the side
walks are cleaned by the municipality
Such manual sweeping should be car
ried on in conjunction with the ma.
chine sweeping. So that. az indicated.
the whole width of the street will be
cleaned at once
In order that such cleaning may pro-
ceed with efficiency and dispatch ana
consequently with economy the streets
must be practically clear Of traffic. as
the presence OF vehicles. especially
those stuading at the curb. greatly de.
lays the work of the crew
As the operation OF such crew also
handicaps traffic and as the public pre-.
fers to see the streets clean rather
than to see them being cleaned. it is
essential to select a suitable hour for
cleaning German cities have conduct
I'd numerous tests for finding out the
most favorable hour The city OF
Dresden adopted the practice of clean
ing the main streets in the early morn
ing hours. beginnin" about IL IN. and
finishing the business sections by 4
u. m.. some ~ to 81 per cent of the en-
tire street area. The cleaning of the
remainder Uf the streets proceeds fm-
mediateiy after the main StreerS are
finished. and the whole city is cleaned
by = a. NJ Only streets in outlying
districts are cleaned later in the day.
often in the afternoon. but all streets
must be cleaned once day. whether
there is much dirt or little on them
The practice of Dresden has heen fol
lowed BY practically all prominent Ger
man cities.
The Bemidji daily pioneer., 1914-12-18
Street Cleaning Exhibition.

The department OF street cleaning OF
New York city recently held an exhi
Dition of street rleanin" appliances
The purpose Of the exhibition was
threefold- first to show the people OF
the city of New York the types OF
equipment now in service: second. to
give manufacturers of modern street
exhibiting their various appliances. not
only to the citizens Of New York. but
also to otiriaiS OF surrounding com
munitieS who We're invited to attend:
third. to provide IN opportunity for
practical tests or demonstrations OF
street cleaning appliances The street
cleaning appaklrus included all sorts OF
broomS. BRUSHES. sweeping machines.
flushing machines and other equipment
or appliances used in cleaning streets
rubbish cans or receptacleS used by
househoIderS: carts. wagons. motor
trucks or other vehicles used for col
lecting garbage. ashes. rubbish and
street sweepingS: conveyances for
refuse by water or by rail:
methods used for the disposal Of gar
bage. ashes. rubbish and street sweep
ings. including garbage reduction
works. garbage crematories. incinera-
tors, Instructors. etc. The exhibition
attracted great deal of attention and
is worthy Of being duplicated in other
municipa lities.
The Bemidji daily pioneer., 1914-12-18
GERMANY's FORESIGHT.
Has Great Central Market In Berlin
Under Railway Station.

Has . Great Central Market In Berlin
Under Railway Station.
The important question Of how to
feed its population is a serious one for
the German people even in time of
peace. The problem is. of course.
thousand times greater during the pres
ent war. Germany now fully believes
that it can feed the fatherland for at
least year. The German government,
with rare foresight. has always borne
in mind that the time might arise when
it would have to be fully prepared for
such a condition This is especially
true of Berlin
Right under the famous Stadtbahn
(city railroad) on the busy Alexander
platz. in the eastern part of Berlin, the
Berlin municipality erected its great
central market Let it be remembered
thatath Stadtbahn was built primarily
for military purposes. and when lately
the German army around the German
capital was modified every officer, ev-
cry soldier, knew his particular seat on
the railroad which carried him to the
front
In the same way the great central
market supplying most Of Berlin's food
supply was established right under one
Of the stations of the Stadtbahn. 80
that at all times trains could most con.
veniently bring food supplies from all
parts of Germany and from foreign
countries; also the direct connection Of
the markets with the Stadtbahn by
means Of viaduct has made possible
the rapid unloading Of market freight
The city of Berlin assumed the cost
Of the viaduct, tracks and depot OF
the central market. but the Prussian
railroad bears the responsibility for
the loading and withdrawal of freights.
However. the maintenance of the
tracks. payment Of the salaries Of rail
road officials and furnishing of mate
rails are left to the city. Elevators
also make possible the bringing OF the
foodstuffs to the lower floors Of the
market H. d
Not only goods are now carried by
special market tratn& runnmgs to the
central market In the night, but are
also brought BY trains from distance
and pass over the regular state rail
roads. While originally market trains
had to wait until regular trains left,
it is now possible that full cars are
united and even during the day run
to the market halls. In fact, rapid
uploading Is obtained by regulation
that first trains must be emptied with
in an hour and half after bills OF
iading have been received.
The Bemidji daily pioneer., 1914-12-18
Street CLEANING
and EFFICIENCY
Must Be Performed In a Sys-
tematiC Manner.
REDUCED TO A SCIENCE.

The Purpose ls to Remove as Quickly
and as cheapIy as Possible All For.
eign Matter In Highways and So Con-
duee to the Health Of tho Public.
The cleaning Of streets, to be prop
erly carried out, should be under the
supervision Of engineers of experience,
as where the work Is put in t;:a hands
of mere politicians, as sort Of any
good fellows job. the results. as seen
In so many American cities. 81 about
what could be expected. say. Frank
Koester in Modern City Planning and
Maintenance"
The lack of system and want of tech
nical training on the part OF the off,
cials in charge make street cleaning
unnecessarily expensive, leave the
streets. in a bad condition and cause
the cleaning to be carried out in dis
agreeable and insanitary ways
In foreign cities engineers specialize
On this subject. Street cleaning has
been reduced to science. and econ
omy. efficiency and the comfort and
convenience Of the public are consider.
ed at every point
The purpose Of street cleaning is to
remove as quickly and as cheaply as
possible all foreign matter in the
streets and thus to conduce to the
health Of the public by minimizing the
circulation Of germ laden dust
: The cleaning. OF streets shouldSbe car.
ried out In a systematic and thorough
manner. The cleaners should proceed
In crews with the necessary apparatus
both to clean the streets and the side
walks as well. If necessary. and the
The Bemidji daily pioneer., 1914-12-18
Commission Government.

According to the federal census bu
reau. there are 1876 cities in the United
States with population in excess of
10000. OF these 195 cities sixty-nine
have adopted the commission form of
government. the success of which is ev-
idenced by the fact that. while the av-
erage per capita operating expenses Of
all the cities is S17.34 per year. only
five cities under commission govern
ment-Sacramento. Cal: San Diego
Cal: Pasadena. Cal: Denver. Colo.
and Atlantic City. n. J.-exceed this
average. In the case of Denver the e1
pense of operating IS Offset BY the ex-
ceedingiy low per capita debt Of only
S382
The Bemidji daily pioneer., 1914-12-18

A want ad VIII sell It for you.
The Bemidji daily pioneer., 1914-12-18

lead the Pioneer want ads.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1914-03-21
BIG Battle WAGED.
VILLA HASTENS TO RELIEF OF
ARMY.
NOnstltutiOnalistS, Met by Strong Fed
cral Column at EscalOn, All But
Ovcrmatchcd-NO Details of En-
Sagemcnt Yet Available.

Juarez, Mexico, March 17.-Heavy
lighting with the rebels hard press
ed was reported here tonight. A
force Of federals is said to have met
Villas army at Escalon, an impor-
tant railroad town 100 miles north of
TorreOn, and both sides have been
reinforced. The battle is said to
have ragged fiercely all day today.
The railroad from Torreon runs
north through Escalon to Jiminez,
Chihuahua, and beyond. On each
side Of the road are mountains These
for ten miles are marked with rifle
pits, dug in previous revolutions. 1t
is reported that the federals moved
out Of Torreon in two detachments,
pursuant to orders from Provisional
President Huerta. One detachment
is said to have moved west of the
railroad, with mountains between it
and the road, while the main body
went directly by rail to Escalon. The
eastern detachment evidently was
trying to get in Villas rear, as it was
moving in the direction of Jiminez,
55 miles north of Escalor.
Gen. Urbana of the constitutional
.sts. however. had been posted at
Rosario to guard against just such
strategy, and last Saturday is said
to have encountered the federal ad-
vance guard at or near that city,
which is about 110 miles west Of
JimineZ. He is said to have been out
numbered and to have telegraphed
for reinforcements.
The main battle at Escalon, ap-
parently nicely timed by Gen. We
lasco. the federal commander, to
occur after reinfOrcements had been
detached to assist Urbana, is believed
to have begun last night or early to-
day. No details are available. The
facts Of engagement were contained
in a Is word telegram.
The Sargosa br' gade of 1900 vet
Grams, under Gen. Aguirre Benavides,
encountered the federals at Escalon
and is reported to have been pressed
back yesterday. This is believed to
account for the sudden departure
from Chihuahua Of Gen. Francisco
Villa. the rebel commander in chief
He gave his staff one hours notice
and then departed on a special train.
1t is assumed that Villa brought up
reinfOrcements today and that the
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1914-03-21
ANOTHER BIG WARSHIP.
Keel OF No. 80 Laid at Brooklyn Navy
Eard.

New York. March 16.-Laying Of
the keel of the battleship No. 80,
which may eventually be named eth
er the North Carolina or the Arizona,
at the navy yards in Brooklyn today
marks the beginning Of the greatest
fighting machine in the United States
navy and the peer OF any ever built or
projected by any power
With a Displacement Of 31,5OO tons,
she will be slightly larger than the
Pennsylvania and will be the tenth
vessel of the superdreadnought class
to be added to the fleet. Like the
others Of her class she carries main
ly 12-inch guns, mounting IL of the
guns altogether
Although the keel laying occurs
only today, work on the gigantic ribs
and plates has been going on for sew
eral months, and they are ready to be
riveted in place. No. 80 is already
about ten per cent completed.
The superdreadnought New Ysrk
which was built at the Brooklyn navy
yard, is almost ready for her trials.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1914-03-21
REBEL FORCES DEFEATED.
Five Hundred Men Reported Killed.
Captured or Wounded.

Laredo, Texas, March 16.-Dseis-
i've defeat Of column OF constitution
alist troops en- route, it is believed, 10
take part in the proposed attack ea
Monterey, Mexico. at Bustaments
Canyon, is reported in official advices
received tonight at federal headquar-
ters at Nuevo Laredo. The rebels
were utterly routed, according to the
dispatch, with a loss Of about s08 men
killed, captured or wounded. The
federal losses were not stated.
Bustamente Canyon is about mid
way between Laredo and Monterey.
In their flight the constitutionaiists
were said to have left behind large
quantities Of arms and ammunition
and the federals claimed the capture
of many wagons, ca rrying arms and
supplies, and 100 loaded pack anil
mails.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1914-03-21

"A VERY GOOD SECTION FOR
CATTLE RAISING.
Tick IYrst Obstacle. but With That
Driven out. Doors of Future Will
bc Open To Industry.

Washington, March 1.-THE geo
graphical location and the climatic
conditions OF the South are such as
to make IL good section for cattle
raising. The soils are so varied that
what may be said i'm a general way
Will not hold true for all places or
sections of this large area. They
vary from light sand to heavy clay,
or to the black prarie soils. or the
stim post-oak. AS rule the sitter
the soil and the greater the content
OF lime I'm the soils. the more nutri-
tious the grasses are, and the greater
is the variety OF clovers which will
grow.
The Piedmont section of Virginia,
West Virginia. Western North Caro-
lima. Tennessee and northern Alaba-
ma is fine grazing country. and
thousands Of good beef cattle are
found there. The shorthorn is more
popular than any other breed in this
region. and they do exceedingly well.
The grazing plants are chiefly blue
grass. white clover. red clover, red
top and orchard grass. The cattle
fatten very rapidly during the graz
Ing season and raise excellent calves.
Most Of this region Is free of ticks
and tne loss from death are rela-
lively small.
The black prairie section of Alaba-
ma. Mississippi and Texas and the
Delta lands OF Mississippi and Louisi-
ana, are extremely favorable sections
for raising and finishing beef cattle.
Experiments conducted by the bureau
OF animal industry and the Alabama
experiment station show that cattle
when kept free OF the cattle tick, can
be raised at a cost of or 4 cents
n pound. This cost includes the keep
OF the cows for one year. charges for
pasture and all feeds consumed at
market prices. depreciation in the
value of the herd. and 6 per cent in
terest on the money invested. The
principal native grasses which are
Indigenous to these soils are Ber-
muda. Johnson grass. lespedeza and
melilotus; but red clover. alsike Glow
or. bur clover and white clover grow
readily when planted i'm the pastures.
and the grazing season can be extend
ed greatly by their use. Alfalfa. soy
beans. COW peas, corn. sorghum and
other forage crops do well on these
lands and produce an abundance Of
roughagc and hays for wintering and
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1914-03-21

fattening the cattle. The red clay
soils produce crops very similar TO
those mentioned for the prairie
soils.
There are great areas Of "cut-
over lands i'm the South that range
In price from 81 To $40 per acre,
which could be used for beef produc-
ton. The soil OF such lands is usu-
ally sandy or postoak, neither Of
which are as good for grazing as the
prairie or delta lands, but which
would furnish good grazing if little
care was taken in getting pasture
plants started. On the soils carpet
grass, Bermuda. lespedeza. white
clover. red top, paspalum dilatatum
and bur clover do exceedingly we'll
The carpet grass furnishes abundant
grazing on the sandy lands while the
Bermuda does better on the soils
which are q little stiff. The paspa-
lum. white clover, and red top do
we'll on the damp lands, and if some
lime is present alsike clover will fur
nish fine grazing. The foundation
Of all pastures on sandy or sandy
loam lands should be carpet grass,
Bermuda and lespedeza. The variety
of forage crops which may be raised
on this type of soils is large, and it is
an easy matter to grow all the hays,
silage crops and forage necessary
for feeding the stock which may be
kept on the farm.
One of the greatest drawbacks to
the cattle industry of the South has
been the presence Of the cattle tick
which transmits Texas fever, which
kills many of the cattle and stunts
others in growth. The tic Is rapidly
being eradicated, and it is only a
question Of time until the South is
freed of this pest.
The native cattle of the South are
cold-blooIed scrubs carving vari-
able percentage OF Jersey blood. They
are small in size and inferior in quail
ity. but they have stamina and the
cows produce good calves when bred
to beef bull. Some of these cows
Weighing not over 600 pounds, haEe
given birth to half breed calves which
have developed into 500 to coo pound
animals at IL TO Is months of age.
They usually weigh about 500 to
$50 pounds at two years Of age when
raised under average Southern farm
conditions. The half-breed calves do
not fatten out as we'll as calves of a
higher grade but II permitted to
grow until two or three years Of age
they finish out as very good animals
The half breed heifers when bred to
beef bulls usually produce excellent
calves.
No section OF the country can
raise cattle as cheaply as the South.
and the variety and prices Of feeds
are such that the animals can be
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1914-03-21
battle was renewed with increased

battle was renewed with increased
vigor
The rebel troops have been NOV
ing south from Juarez and Chihuahua
and closing in from other directions
fer month. Rebel leaders have laid
claim to as high as $4,000 men, but
1900 is regarded as "a closer esti-
mate. Refugees from TOrreon have
placed the federal force under Gen.
Refugio Velasco at 1000 to 5000,
adding that he rapidly was being re-
inforced
A fortnight ago rebel generals un-
der Villa were disposed Of as follows:
At Jiminez, Gen. Herrera with 1000
men; at Escalon between Jiminez
and TOrreon, Gen. Garcia with 1900;
near Mapimi, Gen. Urbana with $500;
in the hills Of Durango, southwest of
Torreon, Gen. Contreras with 5000,
and south of Torreon, in the noun
tains, Gen. Natera with 1000. Gen
Aguilar had been recruiting east of
TOrreon and recently Gen. Benavides,
with the celebrated Zaragosa brigade
entrained at Chihuahua for Escalon.
The rebels have insisted for some
time that TOrreOn was absolutely cut
off from the rest of the world, but
an official communication il. raiload
circles Yesterday reported the rail-
road line open between Eagle Pass,
Texas, ani that city.
The first mint received here of the
imminence of battle came Satur-
day, when it was stated that as all
trains were needed for the transpcT-
tatiOn OF troops the regular tri-weekly
service between Chihuahua and
Juarez would be abandoned temporar-
lily.
This was taken to indicate an early
movement southwark and the impres-
sion was deepened Sunday when the
censorship at Chihuahua, which had
been nominal, suddenly descended on
press dispatches and allowed only the
briefest paragraphs to get through.
Last night and today, with Villas ac-
tual departure, the censor apparently
stopped all messages, except those on
official business.
The country north of Torren is a
desert and one of Villas greatest
problems, which he solved by the use
of tank cars and reservoirs, is to as
sure water supply for horses and
men. The desert is one of the worst
! in Mexico. TIL, cactus alone thrives,
and under tive drifting sands the
traveller frequently comes on the
bones of animals which perished from
thirst, and even those Of men, for
Gen. OroZco fought over parts of this
country two years ago. His men suf-
/ fered terribly from thirst So precious
is the supply Of water regarded by
Villa that he has ordered that none
shall be wasted on such superfluities
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1914-03-21

as bathing and the cleansing of linen.
Villa is supplied with wireless
outfit by which he can communicate
with Chihuahua and Juarez The fed
erals also have stations connecting
Torreon with the city of Mexico, 7e7
miles to the south.
AT Fort Bliss today the wireless
station occasionally spluttered out de-
tached Spanish words, but they were
unintelligible.