davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1914-10-31

A candidate for office appears t.
have use for only two colors: whit,
for himself and black for his oppo
neUf
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1914-10-31

Aguas Calientes. which means "hot
water" is assuredly a suitably named
place for the holding of the Mexican
peace convention.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1914-10-31
FULL LEASED WIRE REPORT.
OF THE ASSOCIATED FREES

The State Journal II q member Of the
Associated Press and receives the full day
ganixation. for the exclusive afternoon
publication In Topeka.
The news n received in The State Jour.
pose.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1914-10-31

Senator Bristow declares that the
third party idea is a forlorn hope. And
it might have been to his personal po-
litical advantage had he reached this
conclusion some time ago
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1914-10-31

German reverses are reported. a.
usual. from all Of the war news center
with the exception OF Berlin.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1914-10-31

Belgium will be one great iron mine
when the cannonading Is over, observes
the Springfield Republican.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1914-10-31
K. U. 2, OKLAHOMA 0.

Lawrence. Kan, Oct. s1.-At the
end of the first quarter today the score
was: X. u. 2, Oklahoma 0. The KAN
sans made a safety.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1914-10-31

Kaiser wilhelm was alse forehande,
enough to lay In ar enormous suppl.
Of Iron Crosses,
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1914-10-31
HIGH SCHOOL GAME.

At the end of the first quarter Of
the football game between the Topeka
and lola high schools on Washburn
field this afternoon the score was 0
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1914-10-31

Contributions to the Topeka Re,
Cross fund have come in nicely. Hav,
you added your mite yet?
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1914-10-31
THE ..EATisER RECORD.

Following are observations of the (JnJs-
ed States weather bureau for the twenty
Tour hours ending at O'Clock this
morning: tfatr ~
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1914-10-31
Wcekly I3nnk Statement,

Weekly Bank Statement
New York, Oct. 3l-The statement Of the
average condition OF clearing house banks
and trust companies for the week shows
that they hold $A.sA.s6o reserve in ex-
cess OF legal requirements. This IL an
increase of Sc. 800 from last week. The
statement follows: Average condition:
Decrease.
Loans Observation-Disclosures 7. Isl 900 $685. OCO
Specie ................. J15,O53.OcO sl,70aOeO
Legal tender. ......... 103. ~ 90 s1,z6QO)0
Net deposits. .......... 1913 6S3,O10 1,zfOCO1
Circulation .......... 49, 3e4.0 600 3,072O00
Banks cash reserve In vault. 1851. -. 900
Trust companies cash reserve in
NduitS U0s1oo,OOV
Aggregate cash reserve. .......... 49, so, 600
Excess lawful reserve 14.914,9 $50 6l6l ,aCO
Trust companies reserve with clearing
house members carrying Is per cent cash
reserve, SIS, 38S, 900.
Summary Of state banks and trust COM
panies in Greater New York not included
in clearing house statement:
Loans & Investments. .s6e0. ECO = l77.soo
(SOl0 4US4IsoUU ~Z07,0O0
Currency & bank notes 1As640O 2a7,0Oo
Total deposits. ........-. 654. 40 61.000
increase.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1914-10-31

AFFILIATED WITH THE BANK OF TOPEKA
COMBINED RESOURCES Ss,5oo,ooo

What better safer you make of your idle AIR.
plus great small, than investing in Kansas Es~-
Mortgage, School Municipal Bonds upon rh;.h
there taxes to pay and that yield your inter-
twice yearly?
We prepared to you with choice inve.trn.x
first consideration ~s % the
It is pleasure to discuss these and kindred ,,.++
with who interested Our counsel cosfs v ,tI
ing. u .sSsaf-
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1914-10-31

Next Tuesday will also be a hard
blow to those who have been making
a living taking straw votes.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1914-10-31

Turkeys may be scarce Thankspiv-
ing, as reported by dealers, but there
will be superabundance of lame
ducks.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1914-10-31

A curb-stone politicians pulp is
good SO long as the supply Of pullabIe
legs holds out.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1914-10-31
OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS

Scott Hopkins Pres: F. D. Coburn. W. w Ml,. y
G. E ceul " Pres; E. Cobb. Treas: 81 = 10;
mer Council; John r Mulvane. w. H. Davis II n
DAVID Sowie Arthur Capper. John Sargent yoeb
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1914-10-31

speaking Of the style of furniture
finish known as Antwerp finish" Mrs.
Gabe Whash opines that it must be
something mighty rough.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1914-10-31

Givern Murphy was arrested thi
morning by OFFICERS Kennedy and Won
derby and booked on the police blotte
for petty larceny.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1914-10-31

B. F. Chinn was arrested Friday
night by Omcer Brown and booked al
the station cor running his auto with
out lights.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1914-10-31

The coop who gets dose of pizen
IVY while In pursuit of the festive
paw-paw, should not come for SWIM
pathy to anyone who doesn't eat the
be-dashed insults to the name of fruit.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1914-10-31

The choice of Aguas Calientes as
a place to hold the Mexican neaca
conference will appeal to those who
nave a smattering of Spanish at their
command, as vurry. vurry appropriate.
The peace ENJOYS have been in aguas
ca!entes (hot water) ever since the
thing started.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1914-10-31

However, Lodge says there il no
such animal as the last fly of the sea-
son. he has swatted the last fly of
the season 10 times during the mast
week. S'~
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1914-10-31

once over and the up-and-down. Hon
DO Murphy says it reminds him of the
cardinal principles of Democratic gov
eminent, because it is for, by and orr
just one subject
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1914-10-31

Scott Bradford was fined SO in police
court this morning by G. A. Huron,
police judge Bradford was pinched
Friday evening by Officers Holman and
Douglas and charged with drunkenness.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1914-10-31

Because some people take greater
care to keep the flies warm than they
90 TO keep their children warm, the
FUNERAL notices of the last fly Of the
season is greatly delayed.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-02-11
FODDER FOR FANS

last summers waiver, but Chicago will
claim him under the purchase of last
fall
Outfielder Duke" Duncan. who was
sold to the Philadelphia Nationals by
Dallas, of the Texas League, has signed
threeyear contract with the Buffalo
Feds.
The Detroit Tigers will have two
great southpaws on their staff the COM
ing season in Pug" Cavet and Cove
leskie. Both these twirlers should make
good with Jennings boys and help the
Tigers in securing a berth in the first
division.
Jeff Tesreau fixed his value too high
for the Feds. At least, Stovall has quit
in disgust.
Hank O'Day, inventor of the foul
strike rule, has other innovations up his
| sleeve.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-02-11
Sidelights on Sports
by A. n. c. MITCHELL

matters generally and the enemy
in particular.
There is nothing funny about
this. 1t is the proper thing to do.
The clubs that hold meetings and
talk over things seriously are the
clubs that get ahead
Ned Hanlon always made his
Baltimore players gather on the
mornings before a game and he
and his board of strategy-MC-
Graw, Jennings, Kelley and the
rest; in fact all the players were
members of the board of strate-
gy-would dope out mea sures to
circumvent the opponent.
= ONNIE MACK is a great be-
- lever in the scheme and it is
followed daily among the Ath-
letics George Stallings insti-
tuted meetings of players when
he took hold of the Braves. His
work last year shows what can
be accomplished by earnest play
ers.
Bill Carrigan made the Red
SoX gather for morning confer
ence as soon as he became man
ager of the team He says these
meetings will continue as long as
he is manager
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-02-11

Word from Rome to-day Is to the eff
feet that Charles Comiskey. owner of
the White Sox now touring the world
with the players, has fully recovered
from his attack OF acute indigestion
The tourists will play in Rome to-mor-
row.
President Weeks. of the Illinois Wis
consin League, has called a meeting of
that organization for February 10. 1t
will be held in Madison, Wis.
Cy Barger one time Dodger, lately the
property of the Newark club. has cast
his lot with the Pittsburg Federsls.
The New York State League is facing
hot fight over Mollwitz. who is sched-
uled to play with the Chicago club, of
the National League, next year, having
been bought from Green Bay. San
Francisco. Toledo Indianapolis, Portland
and Buffalo all claim Mollwitz under
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-02-11
$4,000 Is offered
For Evers' Release

CHICAGO, Feb. 1l.-Johnny Evers,
deposed manager of the Chicago Cubs,
to-day is a much sought ball player.
The Federal League is eager for his
services as are several other clubs in
organized baseball. James e. Gaffney,
president of the Boston Nationals, is
ready to pay $4,000 for his release, and
Frank Chance. leader of the Yanks,
wants the crack second baseman Nor
would give the Trojan a big salary.
Brown lost no time in wiring Evers
when the news of his dismissal from the
Cube broke.
1t was learned in a dispatch from
New York to-day that the National
Commission is going to start an inves-
tigation into Murphy's action, and that
Evers may be declared a free agent.
Johnny signed a fve-year contract with
the Cubs.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-02-11
Columbia Announces
Schedule of Soccer

NEW YORK, Feb. 11.-Columbia' 8
schedule of games in the intercollegiate
soccer football league was announced
yesterday The schedule is hard one
for the Morningsde Heights players,
because the first three games are away
from home, the opening game being
against the strong Haverford team al
Haverford.
The games are as follows March ID
Haverford at Haverford; 81. Pennsyl-
vania at Philadelphia; %, Yale at New
Haven: April 8, Cornell at South Field;
IS, Harvard at South Field
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-02-11
w IHEN good, old Larry La
:" joie starts on his swing

NJ 1HEN good, old Larry La
wv joie starts on his swing
around the American
League circle next spring he will
round out his twelfth year as
member of the Cleveland team.
He will play against few if any
of the men he played against
when he first Joined the Cleve-
land club.
All the old irenlIers of the
Boston club have passed-Col-
Inns, Ferris, Parent. Lachance-
and the same can be said of
every other infield in the league
except st. Louis, where Bobby
Wallace still draws salary. But
Bobby warns the bench quite
bit these days
Danny Murphy, of the Athlet-
les, is also hardly more than a
pinch hitter for Connie Mack.
Twelve years ago he played sec
0nd base for the Athletics.
IT HEY are pol5ing fun at Branch
Hickey, manager of the st.
Louis Browns, because he pro-
poses to start a baseball school"
with his players. The ST. Louis
players will hold meetings before
the games and discuss baseball
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-02-11
Clabby-P etroskey
Bout On Tomorrow

LOS ANGELES, Feb. 1.-THE long
delayed Clabby Petroskey match comes
off tomorrow afternoon and where the
Hammond man ruled a strong favorite
a few weeks ago, the opinion is now
prevalent among local critics that Sail
or Ed stands fine chance of humbling
Clabby.
Clabby is reported to have taken none
too good care of his physical condition
since reaching Los Angeles.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-02-11
Entepsng Bug Teams for Entry Moncke Championship
PRESENT CRACKER LINEUP BATJED 800 IN 1918

these circuits: Central Tri-State,
Northwestern, New York State, I'LL
nois- Missouri, Cotton States, Western
and Ohio State.
Without going the whole way with
this enterprising toiler, we have Sc
lected two teams from the whole lay
out which we hereby beg to stack
up against any other two teams that
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-02-11
international League
Adopts It's Schedule

NEW YORK, Feb. 1.-THE Interna
tional League at its meeting yesterday
adopted without change the schedule
prepared by President Barrow. This
will be made public on February II.
The representatives of the league
nresent at the meeting were c. T. Cha
pin, Rochester; J. j. McCaffery, Toron-
to; j. J. Stein, Buffalo; Jack Dunn, and
]. C. Knapp, Baltimore; c. II. Ebbets
Jr., and H. Medcus, Newark; s. Lich-
tenheim, Montreal, and Frank j. NaVin,
Providence.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-02-11
WI. LEAGUE MEETS FEB. 49,.

ROCKFORD. ILL, Feb 14.--Presi-
dent Weeks to-day called a schedule
meeting of the Wisconsin, Illinois Base
ball League for February 10 at Nadi-
son. Wis Two-thirds of the money
needed for the transfer of the Fond
du Lac team and franchise to Mari
nette or Menominee has been sub
scribed.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-02-11
Sheridan Winner
Over Bobby Waugh

ST JOSEPH, MO, Feb. 11.-With
the milling Mickey sheridan, Of Chi
cago. last night earned the decision over
Bobby Waugh of Fort Worth, Texas
in their lj-round bout. Sheridan has
been matched to meet Joe Rivers oi
Harry Donahue soon.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-02-11
Johnson Refuses to
Meet 'Gunboat' Smith

PARIS, Feb, 11.-Jack Johnson to-
day definitely declined an offer to meet
"Gunboat Smith in a worlds cham
pionship match across the Mexican bor-
der next summer He will, however,
meet Frank Moran. the american
Heavyweight on the day before the
ago.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-02-11
Columbus Champions
Clash With Georgia

COLUMBUS, GA, Feb. 1.-THE Uni
versity of Georgia basketball team VIII
clash with the local Young Mems
Christian Association five here tonight.
This should be the best game of the
local season. The university boys have
a stronger team this season. as evi-
denced by their defeat of the Atlanta
Athletic Club team in Atlanta recently.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-02-11
LACK FARRELL DIES,

NEWARK. n j., Feb. 11.-Jack Far
rel. who played second base for the
Providence Grays when they We're the
baseball champions in 1884. is dead at
Overbrook Charley Radbourne was one
of the pitchers and Arthur Irwin, now
a scout for the New York AMERICANS,
played shortstop on the team with Far
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-02-11
Mercer Five Plays
Tech Friday Night

The Mercer University basketball
team will play the Georgia Tech Das-
ketball team at the Crystal Palace az
Tech Friday night. Tech defeated
Mercer in Macon last Saturday night.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-02-11
JUMPS TO FEDS,

BTCYRTS, OHIO. Feb 11.-Luther
BONN, former outfelder of the Column
bus American Association team an
nounced here that he had signed a two
year contract with the Buffalo club of
the Federal League
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-02-11
coTcH MAY wResrLE AGAIN.

CHICAGO, Feb. 11.-If Paul Samson,
the German, wins from Stanilaws
Zbyszko in their wrestling match here
February 10, Frank Gotch will emerge
from retirement and wrestle Samon in
an effort to keep the worlds cham
pionship in American. This was an
bounced to-day by Emil Klank, Gotch's
manager.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-02-11

They're all in the Official Guide.
Just for the sake of argument, we'll
pick No. to win. How on earth
could anyone hope to trim a club
containing that magic infield combi-
nation, Gygli, Wuffli and Katz-or
ito put 1t In classic doube-play style)
Katz to Wuffli to Gygli?
Gould you even tie it?
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-02-11
Mocha Whips Driscoll
In Ten-Round Bout

NEW YORK, Feb. blob Moha.
the Milwaukee mddleweight easily
In a ten round bout at the Broadway
Athletic Club. in Brooklyn, last night
Mona was the sggressor from the tap
of the first gong. and had a decided ad-
vantage in infghting
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-02-11
WASHINGTON, D. G.

The Southern Railway announces
sale of round trip tickets from At
lanta to Washington. d. c., for $685. ;
tickets on sale February 16, II and
IS, with return limit February rs,
1914, corresponding fares from other
stations.--A2vt.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-02-11

NJ on baseball headquarters
while Major Galloway is alb
sent in the East, processes himself
very well pleased with the showing
the 1914 Crackers have made-so far,
They look pretty good to me, was
Mr. Ryan's way of putting it, after
which we got some paper and a pen
ell and totted up the Crackers on
hand, adding in Annoy Mcconnell for
reasons WHEN will be given later.
Omitting each and every one of ten
pitchers, the batting and fielding av-
erages averaged up pretty well.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-02-11
SECOND BASE is A 100000.

Second base seemed to be the hoodoo
position of the Detroit, New York and
Chicago American League teams last
year All of these clubs expect to have
regular men occupy this position the
coming summer.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-02-11
kNAeE,s FEDS GET ANOTHER.

ST. LOUIS, Feb. 11-Ben Meyers,
outfielder last year with the Toronto,
Ont. team, has signed with the Balti-
more Federals.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-02-11

could be picked. Also, scoring a
game between the two is our idea of
free transportation to Milledgeville.
Here they are. in all their glory;
Team No. |. Team No. ..
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-02-11

a. H. LOUIS, Feb H. Benny Meow
~ Louis featherweight, last night
,-i nom Stanley Roberts, of Cardiff
b,2f. after eight rounds Of snappy
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-02-11
Spies Not
in Favor of
Numbering.

tlnguish, whether on the of
tense or defense; even their
own coaches sometimes know them
better than their mothers. The &C
ton in football maneuvers is often
so rapid that it is even out of the
question to determine not only who
the individuals are, but from what po-
sitiOn in the line or back of it they
came.
Certain football coaches are OPP
posed to the plan on the ground that
10 use numbers would aid scouts and
spies to decipher and pick out the
lhtricacies and details Of a teams
system of play more readily than is
at present possible. Well, what of it?
so long as all teams wore the num-
DeTs they would all be equally open
10 observation and the scouts would
an, presumably, get an even advan-
,dge from thus watching the num-
oefed players. So long as the system
would not operate unfairly, or to the
oeJrlment of some teams while work
nag out to the advantage of others,
inns can not constitute a serious OBJ
lection,
Yale is, strange to say, foremost in
Fl'ancing this objection; and they
laHt the position that it is beside the
POINT whether the numbering would
ne'p the public or not. They assert
N'al the game was not invented for
en- Is not played for the benefit of
WI public: that il is an incidental de-
llH That the public goes to the games
aJ all, and that it is merely the play
e.N and coaches themselves whose
WISHES in the matter need be re-
Nea.ded.
AS yet no Southern college has
a'ed that they will number their
.'al ers next fall; but have no hest
,-J'n IN saying that Tech, for one,
w be quite willing to enter into
cement Oh this point with any
oa0 dozen other colleges in the
''ila that will do the same thing.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-02-11
II ERE they are:
Team average 49,. 300 g

All the figures, of course, are based
on last years averages, and If Steam
boat Flanagan doesn't hit his 1852 in
Glass A company, why, Andy Nc
Connell is more than likely to kid
his Glass IA average enough to even
things up.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-02-11
HEISftANS
]Q0a;:!C0LLfGf
AaaCONDtlN
By j. w. Heisman.

BY u. w IlClSllld1l.
rANY will regret that the Foot
Nj ball Rules Committee did not
4NA see its way clear to pass the
nile calling for a numbering OF the
r,Iavars: but decided to leave the mat
ter in abeyance for another year, I'M
III the experience OF the various
teams that have decided OF their own
accord to try the system next year
shall be forthcoming.
This is conservative and, perhaps,
host on the whole; but it Is most
S,f,cult to understand why it would
nnt he a most desirable thing to do,
II may indeed not be as good a thing
os some imagine, but in no event that
can see could it work out to dis
advantage or to the detriment OF the
game.
The idea is to attach to the back
NJ each player a large number, which
number will indicate on a score card
......,,o,oo>oo~, who the player is.
BY means of this
should number the spec
Number All tators will be en-
: Players. aolea 10 ten read .s
s",o---~~"0-@~~~~ player is making
certain good or bad play, whereas
without such a distinguishing mark
it is almost impossible for one person
in a hundred at the games to recog-
nize individual players.
For some years / have urged this
system of numbering not only for
football but for baseball men as well.
In baseball the players are much
more widely scattered than they are
in football contest and when In
the field at least they may generally
be identified by reference to the po-
sitions they are playing, which posi-
tons are indicated on the score card.
But when they come to the plate to
bat there is no way of making out
who they are unless one is personally
familiar with the features or physical
appearance of the player and with
his name; or unless they screw up
courage enough to trespass on the
good nature of a neighbor who may
or may not know it all
And not only do we sometimes
want very much to know the identity
Of the batter, but of several base run
ners who may be on ahead of him.
Perhaps we are trying to keep the
score, and, though we make no pre-
tensions to being an expert scorer,
yet it affords us a certain small sat
isfaction to keep a score of the game
in our own humble way. But we are
not as familiar with the personal ap-
pearance of the players as they come
to the plate as are the regular official
scorers and sporting editors, and so
We are pretty apt to make a complete
fizzle of any attempt to keep an in
telligent score.
The club owners would aid us
greatly in this respect if they would
number the players, and they would
be doing something to make the en-
joyment of the games all the keener
on the part of their patrons, the fans,
II they would act on this suggestion.
While this is only my personal opin-
ion, am we'll satisfied that my sug
gestion will meet with the hearty con-
currence of large number of fans.
But if it would be good idea to
number baseball players, how much
more valuable and pleasing would it
hA fD