davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Yale expositor. (Yale, St. Clair County, Mich.) 1894-current, 1914-06-04
GROWING THE RASPBERRY REQUIRES
CAREFUL PREPARATION OF The SOIL
Most important of Our Bush Fruits Is Popular Everywhere in
Home Gardens-Whhou Intensive Cultivation Berries Dry
on Canes and Are Practically WorthIess-nured by
Brown Beetle.

wires are strung, one on each side.
This is a simple method and serves to
keep the cane within bounds and this
aids in the cultivation Black rasp-
berries have rather stiff, upright canes.
so that under ordinary conditions, no
wires or trellising are necessary.
The berries should be handled care
fully and rapidly when marketing.
Picking should be done in the cool of
the day and only few berries held in
the hand at one time. Never expose
the fruit to the hot sun.
During the last few years quite
number of growers of red raspberries
in various sections have experienced
considerable disappointment, some
suffering almost the total loss of their
crop. The yield of berries was not
only below normal, but the berries
were not fit to put on the market.
The cause of the injury is a small
brown beetle. belonging to the same
family as the buffalo carpet moth and
the museum pest. This one, however.
has the unusual habit of combining its
attack to living plant tissues, instead
of feeding on animal fbers and tissues
as it's near relatives do. This small
beetle, the raspberry byturus, feeds
upon the young leaves and buds of the
raspberry and the larvae develop in
the head upon which the berry is
borne, causing the affected berries to
ripen earlier, and this tends to make
them small and unfit for market.
The injuries are severe, but are
usually confined to small and some
what local areas.
In one report, June is given as
the time the insects commence their
work and other reports give May as
the month. The following information
in regard to the insect will be of in
terest to all whose raspberry planta-
tons are troubled with these pests
Throughout our country there &C.
ours on the fruit of the red raspberry
a small, white worm, which commonly
remains adhering to the berry when it
is gathered, lying usually on the inner
side of the cup or cavity in the berry.
Hereby the fruit is rendered unfit for
The Yale expositor. (Yale, St. Clair County, Mich.) 1894-current, 1914-06-04

The raspberry will grow in great
variety of soils. but to give the best
results should be planted in a we'll
drained soil, one which is retentive of
moisture, and which is abundantly
supplied with humus. A sandy loam
intensely cultivated, and well supplied
with decomposed barnyard compost
will give heavy yield. The canes on
such soils often make growth or
ten feet or even more.
The raspberry responds splendidly
20 good preparation. Deep blowing
and thorough narrowing should always
be given before plants are set. In
some cases it will pay to pillow several
times, the aim being to get a deep,
thoroughly pulverized condition of the
SOIL Many raspberry plantation has
been a dismal failure because Of poor
preparation Of the soil. Soils that are
The Yale expositor. (Yale, St. Clair County, Mich.) 1894-current, 1914-06-04

they are often unfit for peeled stock.
A good basket-willow possesses the
following characteristics; ability to
yield an annual and uniformly paying
crop of rods; fiexibility; productive
ness. many shoots to each stool; slen-
der and branchless rods; smooth and
white wood after peeling.
Cuttings should be made from one
year-old shoots. Generally they are
made eight inches long for moist, rich
soil. and IL inches for dry, sandy
soil
The experimental planting has
proved that close spacing in and be-
tween the rows is a matter OF para
mount Importance to basket willow
growers.
The tests on wide and close spacing
were made by setting the cuttings of
all the varieties propagated at dis
lance Of six inches apart in the row
by is inches between the rows, 9x21
inches and 12x36 inches.
The form and quality Of the rods
TENS Of spacing show decidedly the
advantage of close planting.
IL was found that the average num-
her Of rods per stool and average
weight per rod increased proportion
ately as the spacing distance in
creased
Cultivate early in summer and as
often as necessary to remove all
weeds and to keep the soil loose. If
this is done we'll for the first two or
three years. there will be very little
trouble with weeds thereafter, because
the dense leaf development will shade
out the weeds. Bind weed and morn
ing glory are very troublesome in
most hollis and have to he removed.
The best time for cutting the rods
is between November 10 and Febru-
airy Is During the first year the
root-system is small. and care must
be taken in cutting not to pull up the
stools.
Rods to be peeled are stood on end
in q pit containing water from four
to six inches deep and kept there
until the sap rises. when the bark can
be removed.
The peeled rods are quickly
bleached and dried when exposed to
the sun, after which they are sorted.
tied in bundles. and stored in a dry,
dark place.
Rods are peeled by drawing them
through a springy wooden or steel
fork, shaped like a clothes-pin, but
much larger This loosens the bark
| by strands so that it can be easily re-
moved by the hands
The Yale expositor. (Yale, St. Clair County, Mich.) 1894-current, 1914-06-04
GET AFTER SUMMER PESTS
This Is the Time to Wage War Against
the Deadly Fly and the An
noyIng Mosquito.

Let US bear in mind that one OF
the prime objects of a spring cleanup
is to eliminate the fly and the mos
quito. When we are exercising our
muscles and our ingenuity Kidding
our dwellings and neighborhoods or
dust and filth, II will be worth our
while to give these twin winged pests
serious attention.
The first spring fly. of course, came
some time ago, though she Is still
pleasantly modest and retiring. cit is
not reassuring, however. to reflect
that the little insect is keeping care
fully out OF our sight and the reach
Of our swatters while she lays few
myriads Of eggs, which presently will
hatch out into a whole flying regiment
of nuisances and disease-carriers.
The shy and unobtrusive mosquito
is making the best use OF her time
for the same purpose. When the open
season on human beings arrives she
hopes to have a whole army corps or
her progeny to lead to the attack.
Now is the time to get busy If we
want to preserve ourselves from the
pests a few months hence. The swat
ter and the kerosene can are fully as
important household implements at
this season as the broom and the
scrubbing brush.
The Yale expositor. (Yale, St. Clair County, Mich.) 1894-current, 1914-06-04
A Century AGO.

One hundred years ago DR.. Thomas
Fanshawe Middleton was consecrated
first bishop of Calcutta. The conse-
Grafton took place in London. and soon
afterward the new bishop sailed for
India. In Calcutta. he laid the foun-
dation for the Bishops college in 1920.
and established a consistory court in
that city. While zealously engaged in
his duties he was attacked with
fever of which he died in 1922. For
more than century the efforts to
spread the Christian faith in India
have continued. Numerically the
Christian population in the great east
ern empire is still insignificant,
amounting to only about one per cent
of the population, but it is generally
admitted to have an influence out OF
all proportion to its numbers.
The Yale expositor. (Yale, St. Clair County, Mich.) 1894-current, 1914-06-04

the table or for preserving, until It
has been looked over with the utmost
care, and the berries closely examined
one by one, each berry on which one
of these worms is found feeding being
either thrown away or the worm re-
moved from it, This is a most irk-
some task, and. Notwithstanding this
scrutiny, some of the worms no doubt
remain and are unconsciously eaten
with the berries, it being impossible
for the most piercing sight to detect
them in every instance, especially
those that are young and minute.
when the worm is fully grown, it
drops TO the ground and secretes it.
self under any dead leaves or other
rubbish which it finds. 1t forms a
pupa of pale, dull yellowish color,
and in this situation remains at rest
through the winter, and till the middle
of May or a little later when it
changes to it's perfect form, and is
then a small beetle about twice as
long as thick, varying in length from
IL to Is of an inch.
Spraying should be practised to get
rid of these insects. Spray heavily
with arsenate of lead just before the
emergence of the beetles and this will
destroy most Of the beetles and mate
rally lessen their injury to the flower
buds. In connection with this, thor.
The Yale expositor. (Yale, St. Clair County, Mich.) 1894-current, 1914-06-04

drainage must pc provided. During
the winter it is best to keep the land
we'll drained.
Returns depend very largely upon
the method of culture, but moro upon
the variety of willow planted, because
the shoots of even the best varieties
and In the most suitable soil grow
brittle after the stools become old.
The American green and Welsh will
lows are most generally planted. The
rods OF the former peel readily, split
easily, are snow-white, hard. flexible
and heavy.
They have a tendency to branch.
however, and unless the stools are
planted close together large percent
age Of the rods branch SO much that
The Yale expositor. (Yale, St. Clair County, Mich.) 1894-current, 1914-06-04

country under proper care and man
agement is equal, or superior, to the
finest of those imported from France
or Germany.
The management ordinarily en-
ployed by American growers does not
yield rods with the proper require
ments for high-grade wicker work
The gratifying results obtained by
the government at an experimental
holt at Arlington, Virginia, just across
the river from Washington, will I'M
questionably revolutionize the basket
willow industry in this country.
Perhaps the best evidence Of how
signally the government has succeed
ed in it's endeavors is shown by the
fact that great many farmers as well
The Yale expositor. (Yale, St. Clair County, Mich.) 1894-current, 1914-06-04

somewhat deficient in humus and nitro
gen will be greatly benefited by first
blowing in a crop of vetch, alfalfa,
crimson clover, field peas or other
leguminous crop. This will give the
cool moist condition that raspberries
naturally thrive in.
The red raspberry is propagated by
means of suckers or sprouts. These
are always produced very abundantly
in fact, too abundantly for CONNER
cial growing. Many of them must be
removed or the rows become over
crowded. Black raspberries are prop
agated by roofing the tips. BY placing
a little dirt just back of the tip, and
pressing it lightly with the foot, roots
are forced out and new plants pro-
duced.
Plants may be set either in fall or
spring. For high attitudes or regions
subject to winter-killing, spring plant
ing is preferable. Deep planting is
generally resorted to-from three to
four inches. The plants are set at
varying distances. A common method
The Yale expositor. (Yale, St. Clair County, Mich.) 1894-current, 1914-06-04
MONEY in BASKET WILLOW

There is an uncommonly high mar
gin Of profit in willowgrowing. A
large demand for willow is now sup
piled by import, though American
grown rods are of good quality when
proper care is taken in their culture.
OF late years willow furniture has
sprung into fashion, and today no
minor industry is more prosperous
than that devoted to its supply. Man.
ufacturers demand steady supply Of
superior willow and If more American
farmers could be convinced Of its
practicability there is no reason why
the further development of the indus
try should not be possible.
Experiments show that the CONNER
cial quality of the rods grown in this
The Yale expositor. (Yale, St. Clair County, Mich.) 1894-current, 1914-06-04
BY e. VAN BENTHuYsEN

as manufacturers of willow ware have
been encouraged ITO plant willows for
profit on lands hitherto considered
entirely useless.
Poor soil produces paying crops
where there is a market for short
rods. Land on which water is stag
nant during the summer should be
avoided. If by drainage the water
level can be lowered at least six feet
below the surface, the ground will be
appropriate.
In the fall pillow 10 or ~ inches
deep for planting in the spring. This
turns the top soil so deep that seeds
cannot spring up.
Where there is insufficient rain the
willow bed must be irrigated, though
The Yale expositor. (Yale, St. Clair County, Mich.) 1894-current, 1914-06-04


Sprayed and Unsprayed Vines.
6uds Showing injury by Byturus
Beetles.
is to start the plants three feet apart
in the rows, allowing six feet between
rows. Some prefer four by eight.
Unless very intensive cultivation is
practised the berries dry on the canes
and are worthless, or even, if har-
vested, are small, hard and seedy. The
problem is to conserve the moisture by
producing q soil mulch on the surface.
The finer this is, the better will be
the results. All weed growth should
be kept down. Towards fall cultiva-
ton should cease, as intensive late
cultivation encourages growth which
is very soft and subject to winter
killing.
Red raspberries should not be
summer pruned as this practise often
seems to encourage winter-killing. 1t
is a good practise to remove old canes
directly after fruiting. These canes
should be burned as soon as removed.
In spring, further pruning VIII be nee
essary. Black raspberries should be
pruned in summer, when the canes
have reached from two to four feet in
height, the ends should be pinched
off. Some summer primers make the
serious mistake of allowing the canes
to grow to height of six or eight
feet and then cut the canes back to
four feet This kind of pruning re-
moves all the fruit.
The training OF the vines is very
simple. A common practise is to set
posts from ten to twenty feet apart,
according to size. and at a height of
three or four feet from the ground.
Cross-pieces are nailed on the posts.
From the ends OF the cross-pleces
The Yale expositor. (Yale, St. Clair County, Mich.) 1894-current, 1914-06-04
Glad to Sec Them COT

Patience-I see q London railroad
station has been equipped with pen
ny-in.the-slot machines for the sale OF
tickets to persons who wish to &C
company friends to the train plat
forms.
Patr!ne-That's too cheap. l know
I'd give more than a penny to see
some OF my friends leave the town.
The Yale expositor. (Yale, St. Clair County, Mich.) 1894-current, 1914-06-04
Bound to Be Heard.

"Who is that man that always &C
companies you to the ball games?"
He's a Scandinavian. When l want
to speak slightingly of the umpire I
tell it to him and he translates it into
his own tongue. Nobody understands
him. so nobody can take Offense."
The Yale expositor. (Yale, St. Clair County, Mich.) 1894-current, 1914-06-04
Method of Training and TreIlises.

ough cultivation in the fall, close up
to the bushes, will destroy many of
the pupae Bordeaux may be added for
fungous diseases, and will help hold
the arsenate of lead on the foliage
and buds, making the spray slightly
more efficient than If arsenate of lead
we're used alone"
The Yale expositor. (Yale, St. Clair County, Mich.) 1894-current, 1914-06-04
Good Cultivation.

Good cultivation at the proper time
admits air, lessons the ascent of water
from the suhsoil. causes the soil to be-
come warmer, and stimulates better
growth.
The Yale expositor. (Yale, St. Clair County, Mich.) 1894-current, 1914-06-04
Seejno Is Believing.

Miss Brown--Do you think that
Sally Collins believes in this "uplift"
movement?
Miss Jones--From the way in which
she mounts street car | have no
doubt OF it,.
The Yale expositor. (Yale, St. Clair County, Mich.) 1894-current, 1914-06-04
currxcomh Saven Labor

To tighten the labor of cleaning
horses there has been invented a
pneumatic currycomb which pumps
away the loosened dust.
The Yale expositor. (Yale, St. Clair County, Mich.) 1894-current, 1914-06-04
Get the Kernel.

Look to the essence Of a thing,
whether it. he a point OF doctrine, Of
practise, or Of interpretation Marcus
Aurelius.
Baraboo weekly news. [volume] (Baraboo, Wis.) 1912-197?, 1914-07-09
ECONOMY WAVE
REACHES WEST

The wave of economy that has per-
vaded many of the eastern and south
ern railroads resulting in employees be-
ing asked to take vacation without
pay has also reached the west and
many departments on the Chicago &
Northwestern system are feeling its
effect At Baraboo in the general
Offices curtailment of expenses for
the summer is the order, resulting In
many that are employed in a clerical
capacity taking vacation of several
days each month. At Chicago it is sta
ted over 1900 clerks in the employ of
the Northwestern road will be affected
and the pay envelope for July and
August will be smaller. Retrenchment
is also being made in other depart
ments and outside work on Friday and
Saturday willsbe dispensed with where
possible along the line.
notwithstanding the apparent spirit
of economy throughout the system
business appears to be good on this di-
vision. Ten engineers were set up
the first of the week.
Baraboo weekly news. [volume] (Baraboo, Wis.) 1912-197?, 1914-07-09
ACrobuf Hero
in Collision
at Madison

Two ladies returning to Baraboo after
attending the big show at Madison
Monday witnessed a rather unusual
feat which was not included in the reg
ular attractions. With sixteen others
they were returning from the show
grounds to the depot in large open bus
when an automobile ran into the horses.
They were soon beyond the drivers
control and most of the occupants of
the bus began wild scramble to get
out. Suddenly rather large man, who
was seated near the rear of the vehicle,
jumped over the back of the seat,
turned a complete somersault and in a
moment was at the horses heads quiet
ing them. 1t was discovered that the
hero of the occasion was Oscar Mirano.
an acrobat with the circus. The bus
proceeded on it's way at once and arrived
at the station on time The incident
occurred after the evening performance
between IL and II O. clock.
Baraboo weekly news. [volume] (Baraboo, Wis.) 1912-197?, 1914-07-09
IA VALE

Irma Borchcrs, Susie Pearson, Marie
Byrns, Hazel McWilliams, Beulah
Griffin, Mary GibIin, Grace Marshall
and Percy Paddock are, attending the
summer school at Reedsburg.
There will be an ice cream social at
the basement Of the Bible school build
ingnext Saturday night, July
Mesdames H. Kreutzman and Mrs.
Otto Borchers and children were guests
of Hillsboro relatives Saturday and
Sunday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Frank Groat, F. Kar~
stetter and Miss Laura Cameron at
tended the circus at Madison Monday.
Frank Gardner cames from Milwau-
kee for the Fourth and returned Sun
day afternoon.
Mr. and Mrs. C. Weidman went TO
Madison Sunday to attend the circus
Monday.
E. A. Richards, who was injured ir
runaway last Wednesday is doing nice
ly and at this writing, Monday, heis axle
to sit up some.
La Vale had representatives in sew
eral places the Fourth, some going to
Reedsburg, others to Cazenovia. Wone-
woo, Madison and Lime Ridge.
Miss Dora Hanusa of Reedsburg was
the guest OF. friends a. few days last
week.
Ralph Mallows of Hillsboro visited n
town recently.
Mrs. Fred Thompson and children f
Corliss are visiting relatives this week.
Mrs. Eva Berry and daughter, Edr a,
of Chenille spentISunday with friel DIS
here.
Mrs. Bingham of Ironton is CARR G
for Mrs. Klett, who fell and hurt he'll
SELF
Miss Clover Inman of Chicago is
spending someE time with her grand
parents, Mr.. and Mrs. George Inman.
Baraboo weekly news. [volume] (Baraboo, Wis.) 1912-197?, 1914-07-09
CANDIDATE FOR
STATE SENATOR

AS was recently intimated in the
News w. r. Turner of Columbus is to
become a candidate at the primary
election for the Republican nomination
for state senator of the twenty-seventh
district to succeed Senator John NJ
True of Baraboo who, it is understood,
will not be candidate. Mr.. Turner
served two terms in the assembly and
fathered several important measures.
His views on the political situation
are as follows:
Wisconsin can and should be pro-
gressive, but in a sound business way,
without burden some tax levies.
Our large effective commissions
should not be disturbed, our smaller
ones may be combined under one head,
the unnecessary ones abolished.
Do away with every unnecessary
salaried position in the state, and re.
duce the number of state employees.
A fixed amount for educational pur-
poses, including the university, should
be appropriated so that it would not be
changed by the valuation of property.
The highway law should be amended.
Reduction should be made in theap-
preparations and local control of the
levyir G and expenditure of funds.
Change the bill factory back to
reference library.
Repeal the law making large APP
for future new buildings at
the university.
Repeal the useless school board law.
No state tax.
The expenditures should not exceed
the state reneues.
100 day limit for session of legislature. |
Baraboo weekly news. [volume] (Baraboo, Wis.) 1912-197?, 1914-07-09

from Friday until Monday at the home
of her sister, Mrs. Ionic LANCE. west
of the village.
Mrs. John Liefer visited few DAYS
in Reedsburg,
John Thorn now has Ford automo-
bile.
Mrs. Louis Schroeder and daughter,
Edith, returned Thursday from ten
days stay in Chicago While there
Miss Edith had her tonsils and adenoids
removed and she recovered from the
operation very nicely.
Mr.. and Mrs. George w. Hackett en-
tertained Tuesday evening in honor of
Veo Douglas of Belvidere who was
visiting their son, Harold.
Charles Johnson has gone to North
Dakota to spend the summer because of
poor health.
The members of the Baptist Sunday
school celebrated the fourth in the
grove South of the village. There was
a good attendance.
Miss Ida Wascher of Chicago visited
Miss Florence Linnel Friday.
Mrs. j. Fosdick and daughter have
returned from two months stay with
her daughter, Mrs. Doll, in Milwaukee.
Baraboo weekly news. [volume] (Baraboo, Wis.) 1912-197?, 1914-07-09
SaHduSkV

Lena Hanko, Mrs. VIM. Mccarthy
ana Ionia Pfiel were Lime Ridge visit
ors Monday.
Evangeline Croal and Miss Mary
Croal attended the Eighth Annual COM
mencement exercises of the Sank
County Training school last Friday.
Several from here attended the cele-
bration at Lime Ridge Saturday.
John and Evelen Reuter- and Mabel
Snyder of Lone Rock spent from Fri
day evening until Sunday morning at
the Albert Fago home.
Mrs. Emagene Powell and Eva
Holmes spent Saturday night and Sun
day at the home of Fred Powell.
Olive and Isabel Reitman of Reeds
burg are visiting at the home of their
uncle, G. L. Reitman.
Mr.. and Mrs. Walter Walling visited
at Frank Wheeler's Sunday.
Chester Powell drove to Lime Ridge
Sunday in his car.
time at the August Wagner home in
Lime Ridge.
Sarah Powell took Sunday dinner
with her cousins, the Fred Powell
children.
Everett Prouty is visiting here at
the home of his parents.
Margaret Laughlin of Lacrosse and
Olive Gallagher of Reedsburg are
visiting at the Mccarthy and Pfiel
homes.
Our postoffice has recently been
changed, Miss Nettie Zwieg being the
present postmistress. Peter Constan-
tine has resigned his position as post.
master.
Elmer Angles, wife and son spent the
Fourth with Mrs. Helen Barley.
Mr.. and Mrs Albert Faga and son,
Fred, were Lime Ridge visitors last
Tuesday.