davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Kentucky Irish American. (Louisville, Ky.) 1898-1968, 1914-08-01
EDITOR WRITES PLAY.

Readers of the Catholic press will
be pleased to learn of the successful
launching of a new play, "The
Divine Friend" by Charles Phillips,
editor of the Monitor, of San Fran
cisco. 1t will be produced by Mar
garet Anglin. the Catholic actress.
Mr.. Phillips is one of the youngest
OF the editors in Catholic journal
ism, and aside from editorial work
has been a free lance in the literary
world. His Back Home" a Christ
mas greeting to father and mother,
Is considered one of the best of its
kind in verse and received a high
commentator from Col. Roosevelt
when President. This production
has had wide circulation. His Gun
known Dead" written after visit
to Arlington National Cemetery. has
brought to him much praise. All
readers of the Catholic press wish
him and Margaret Anglin a tri-
umphant success with "The Divine
Friend"
Kentucky Irish American. (Louisville, Ky.) 1898-1968, 1914-08-01
AMERICAN CHRONOLOGY.
Timely Record Of Some Memorable
Events in the Catholic His
tory Of America.
by James A. Rooney, IL. D.

BY James A. Rooney, LII. d.
August l, 1902-Death at Hyatts-
vile, Md, of Major James M. T.
Young, U. S. M. c.; commanded
the Marine Corps during the trou-
bles on lsthmus of Panama in
1885; buried in naval cemetery,
Annapolis, Nd.
August 2, 1913-Death of Dom
Antoine (Pierre Oger), inferred
Abbot of Trappist Monastery of
Okla, Canada; born in La Jumel-
liere, France, June IT, 1852; con-
secrated in 1892; rebuilt monas-
terry destroyed by fire July 20,
1909, and established noted
school of agriculture.
August 3, 1S91--Death of the Right
Rev. Kilian Caspar Flasch, sec
ond Bishop of La Crosse, Wis. !;
born at Retzstadt, Bavaria, July
16, 1897; ordained at st. Francis
Seminary, Wis, September 16,
1853; consecrated August "a,
1881.
August 4, 1S16-Samuel Bishop,
noted New England lawyer, con-
vert, baptized and confirmed in
st. Patrick's church, New Castle,
Maine, by Bishop Cheverus, and
made his first holy communion in
presence OF many distinguished
members of the bar.
August g.. 1913-Death OF the Rev.
David N, Burke, pastor OF st.
Agnes church, Lake Placid. N. ";
devoted early life to teaching;
United States Consul at Porto
Cabello, 1885; Bahia, 1887;
Malaga. 1S91;i Tangier. 1896; or
dained TO the priesthood December
10, 1908. by Bishop Cotton. OF
Buffalo.
August z. 1s14-The Society OF
Jesus. which was suppressed by
Clement XIX. In 1878, restored
and re-established by the Bull
"Solicitudo Omnium Ecclesiarum'
OF Plus VII; Plus X. has granted
many indulgences to all taking
part In the observance OF the cen
tenary.
August s. 1s1s--Dedication OF st,
Joseph's Cathedral, Bardstown,
Ky, by Bishop Benedict Joseph
Flaget, with the most imposing
ceremonies Witnessed up TO that
time. Bishop-elect John Baptist
David preaching the sermon.
Kentucky Irish American. (Louisville, Ky.) 1898-1968, 1914-08-01
FONTAINE FERRY.

This week marked the beginning
OF the second half of the season al
Fontaine Ferry, which Manager
Bilger hopes will be as good as was
the first half. Another big bill is
ahead for next week in the vaude.
vile theater. Natiello's band con.
tinues to present a repertoire OF
musical selections in the free con.
certs that possess a quality and snap
that please the general public. Here
this will be the banner bathing year,
as hundreds of converts have been
made to the cause Of fresh air and
fresh water at the swimming pool.
Kentucky Irish American. (Louisville, Ky.) 1898-1968, 1914-08-01
RIVERVIEW.

Riverview Park makes a delight
full place for an outing, as the cool
river breeze is a refreshing expert
ence in itself. But Riverview offers
in addition thereto many other de-
lights. There are the free picnic
tables, the Fairgrounds for the
children, the open air concerts and
the "Spotless Kitchen" which offers
a fine menu and up-to-date service
with every delicacy of the season
awaiting your order.
Kentucky Irish American. (Louisville, Ky.) 1898-1968, 1914-08-01
THE REASON WHY.

Many Catholics do not know the
reason why green vestments are
used so frequently on Sundays this
year Green is the proper color for
all Sundays outside the penitential
seasons of Advent and Lent, when
the office of the day is not super
seeded by feast of higher class. For
merly many feasts of saints were
celebrated on Sundays, which made
the color either white or red. In a
rearrangement, effected by the pres.
ent Pontiff, the offices of most saints
that fall on a Sunday now drop out
and receive simple commemoration
instead.
Kentucky Irish American. (Louisville, Ky.) 1898-1968, 1914-08-01
NICE GIFT.

The late Susan L. Emery, author
of the timer Life of the Soul" and
other works, left her writings to the
Catholic Foreign Mission Society OF
America, Maryknoll, Ossining, N. Y.
Miss Emery was a distinguished
convert and from her Protestant
days had a special interest in foreign
missions. Her sister, who never be-
came a Catholic, was one of the
leaders in Protestant mission move
ments.
Kentucky Irish American. (Louisville, Ky.) 1898-1968, 1914-08-01
HAPPILY Welded.

A pretty wedding was solemnized
with a nuptial mass early Tuesday
morning at st. Patrick's church
when Robert A. DAWN led to the
altar Miss Corinne McNally, a pop
ular young lady of that parish. The
bride and groom are now on their
wedding trip, and after August 10
will be at home at 521 North Twen-
ty-first street. The best wishes OF
a host of friends follow them into
their new life.
Kentucky Irish American. (Louisville, Ky.) 1898-1968, 1914-08-01
BISHOP COMPLETES BURsE.

The Providence diocese, through
the Right Rev. Bishop Harkins, has
lately completed burse ($5,0O0) in
the American Foreign Mission Sem
mary at Maryknoll, Ossining, N. Y
The money has been invested and the
interest will be applied to the train
ing of missionary priest. The
hope has been expressed by Bishop
Harkins that Rhode Island shall al
ways have at least one representa-
tive at this seminary, for which from
its start the Bishop of Providence
has manifested an active sympathy,
Kentucky Irish American. (Louisville, Ky.) 1898-1968, 1914-08-01
HELP HOME RULE.

Ten thousand dollars was sent to
the Trustees of the Irish home rule
fund in Dublin by Thomas B. Fitz-
patrick, of Boston, National Treas
urer of the United Irish League,
Tuesday night. In a letter accom-
panying the draft Treasurer Fitz-
patrick says that recent events have
intensified the feeling of sympathy
among Irish-Americans and that
further financial aid will be ex-
tended.
Kentucky Irish American. (Louisville, Ky.) 1898-1968, 1914-08-01
PRIEST REsCUEs WOMAN.

The Rev. John J. Downey, pastor
of st. Michaels church at Hartford
Conn.,, was playing golf near Good
win Park pond on Saturday, when a
patient of a sanitarium jumped from
her carriage and threw herself into
the water. The priest plunged in
after her, and despite the woman's
struggles, in which his face was
scratched. brought her to shore.
Kentucky Irish American. (Louisville, Ky.) 1898-1968, 1914-08-01
ANDREW JACKSON.

Andrew Jackson. born OF Irish
parents. who was the seventh
President OF the United States, was
first employed in making saddles,
and 1t was from the shop OF the
saddler that he entered law office
at the age of eighteen. From this
profession he entered politics, then
into the army, and after defeating
10000 veterans at the battle OF
New Orleans. he became our Chief
Executive.
Kentucky Irish American. (Louisville, Ky.) 1898-1968, 1914-08-01

MACKIN COUNCIL, 2O5.

MACklN COUNCIL. zoo.
Meets Monday Evenings at Club
House, 944 North Twenty-sixth.
President-George ]. Thornton.
First Vice President-John Ken
ney.
Second Vice President Fred
Schiller.
Recording Secretary = John r.
Barry.
Financial Secretary-Will Cassin.
Observation-Disclosures Hubbuch.
Marshal-Raymond e. Schott.
Inside Sentinel-William Schott.
Outside Sentinel. e. Crater.
Executive Committee-F. G. AID.
ans, George Simonis, Frank Geiler,
w. A. Link, Chas. Schiller.
Kentucky Irish American. (Louisville, Ky.) 1898-1968, 1914-08-01
DIVISION 8.

DIVISION 3.
Meets Every Monday Night, Egh-
teenth and Portland.
President-John M. Maloney.
Vice President-Matt j. O'Brien.
Recording Secretary - John P.
Price.
Financial Secretary-John ]. Hes
sion, Jr.
Treasured. j. Dougherty.
Sergeant : at Arms = Martin J..
Kallaher.
Sentinel-Thomas Noon.
Kentucky Irish American. (Louisville, Ky.) 1898-1968, 1914-08-01
CARDINAL MANNiNG's STORY,

II was Cardinal Manning who re-
lated this incident as having hap
pened to himself:
One night was returning to my
residence In Westminster when ! met
poor man carrying a basket and
smoking a pipe. I thought over
this: He who smokes gets thirsty;
he who is thirsty desires drink; he
who drinks too much gets drunk; he
who gets drunk endangers his soul.
This man Is in danger OF mortal sin.
Let us save him. affectionately
addressed him:
Are you a Catholic?"
Il am. thanks be 70 God"
where are you fromf"
Kentucky Irish American. (Louisville, Ky.) 1898-1968, 1914-08-01
YOUTHFUL BISHOPS.

The youngest Bishop in the world
Is Bishop De Aquino, a Salesian, who
is Bishop of diocese in Brazil, and
IS but thirty years of age. BishoI
M. j. Curley, recently consecrated
for the see of st. Augus.!.e, Fla.
ranks next in youth, being thirty.
four years old.
Kentucky Irish American. (Louisville, Ky.) 1898-1968, 1914-08-01
DIVISION 4.

Meets Second and Fourth Mondays,
Bertrand Hall, Sixth Street.
President-John H. Hennessy.
Vice President-Thomas Lynch.
Recording Secretary - John ].
Barry.
Financial Secretary-Thomas ].
Langan.
Treasurer-Patrick Connolly.
ergeant-at-Arms-T Far
rell.
Sentinel-M. ]. McDermott.
Kentucky Irish American. (Louisville, Ky.) 1898-1968, 1914-08-01
TAKES HIGHEST GRADE,

Sister Earnesta Minder, of St.
Johns Hospital, Springfield, ILL.,,
was recently given the highest grade
ever awarded by the Illinois State
Board of Pharmacy. st. John has
more registered pharmacists on its
staff than any other hospital in that
State.
Kentucky Irish American. (Louisville, Ky.) 1898-1968, 1914-08-01

From Cork, your reverence"
Are you a member Of the Total
Abstinence Society,""
mo, your reverence.
"Now," said /, that is very
wrong. Look at me; l am mem
ber."
Faith, maybe your reverence has
need of it,"
shook hands with him and left.
Kentucky Irish American. (Louisville, Ky.) 1898-1968, 1914-08-01
BARRED FROM AFFAIRS.

Rome dispatches say strict decree
has just been issued by the Sacred
Congregation of Rites in which cleo
trio lights are absolutely forbidden
on or over any altar containing the
Blessed Sacrament or the relics of a
saint.
Kentucky Irish American. (Louisville, Ky.) 1898-1968, 1914-08-01
ATTENDS CHAPTER.

Rev. Father Peter Englert, o. F.
NJ. OF st. Boniface Monastery, was
in Cincinnati the first part OF the
week, where he attended the annual
chapter of the Franciscan Fahers,
held on Tuesday at st. Anthony's
Monastery, Mt. Airy.
Kentucky Irish American. (Louisville, Ky.) 1898-1968, 1914-08-01
SUPREME COURT.

The Supreme Court of the United
States is at present composed of nine
Judges. In all only sixty-two men
have served in the Supreme Court
since its creation in 1889. Edward
ID. White, of Louisiana, is the pres
ent Chief Justice.
Kentucky Irish American. (Louisville, Ky.) 1898-1968, 1914-08-01
BACK HOME.

Attorney Austin Il. Walsh re-
turned home the first of the week,
after a successful ten days business
trip to Chicago and Milwaukee.
While impressed with those cities,
he says that for him they are not in
IL with Louisville.
Kentucky Irish American. (Louisville, Ky.) 1898-1968, 1914-08-01
REQUESTS TO CHARITY.

John Murray, a pioneer contractor
of New York City, and a member Of
the Tammany Hall Central Commit
tee, who died recently, gave sac. 500
to Catholic charities by his will,
which has Just been probated.
Kentucky Irish American. (Louisville, Ky.) 1898-1968, 1914-08-01
EDUCATION AND CHARACTER.

Education that does not mold
character is not education. II Is
impossible to build character with
out a religious foundation. A good
many Christian people outside the
Catholic church are beginning to see
the futiiity Of education without God.
Kentucky Irish American. (Louisville, Ky.) 1898-1968, 1914-08-01
DIVISION 2.

Meets First Thursday at st. Will
Jams Hall, Thirteenth and Oak.
President-C. ]. Ford.
Vice President. j. Sullivan.
Recording Secretary - John T.
Keaney.
Treasurer-James Welsh.
Sergeant-at-Arms ]. Cunning.
ham.
Sentinel-Thomas Harmon.
Kentucky Irish American. (Louisville, Ky.) 1898-1968, 1914-08-01
SOCIETY DIRECTORY.


DIVISION 4.
Meets at Falls City Hall on First
and Third Tuesdays.
President-Thomas Tarpy.
Vice President - Henry McDer-
mott.
Recording Secretary Walter
Cusick.
Financial Secretary-Joseph Far
rell.
Tleasurer-Thomas keenan,, Sr.
Sergeant-at-Arms-Tim Lyons.
Kentucky Irish American. (Louisville, Ky.) 1898-1968, 1914-08-01

The less some people have In
their heads the more they find TO
talk about.
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1914-05-06
QUEER STYLES IN HATS.
The Kokosehnik Of Russia and Winged
Headdress of Alsace.

The Kokosehnik of Russia and Winged
~ Headdress Of Alsace.
In Russia the maiden who is fancy
free may dress her locks as she wishes.
But not so the wife. She must hide her
hair. So, as a recompense for this
sacrifice, she dons a hat which may
we'll be called weird. In shape'it Is
not unlike q bishops miter, and it Is
adorned as the fancy or the purse Of
the wearer dictates. Gold, silver and
even precious stones have been used in
decorating this kokoschnik, as It Is
called.
In certain parts Of Spain hat sini-
lar to the Russian style Is worn Par
ticularly is this popular with the dan
GERS among the Toledo peasantry, al
though it must be very hot and un-
comfortable for this purpose.
The Dutch maiden Of Amsterdam
pins her faith-and her head-to hat
which resembles in shape an inverted
1owerpot. 1t may not be the style
most suited to her round, placlQ 1ace,
but she would not. change it for the
latest thing" in millinery.
On the island of A1arken, in the Zuy-
der Zee, the fashionable hat is again
Of the miter~ shape. but with the addi-
ton OF wide. tapping wings. Farther
north. in Norway, IL maiden on her
bridal day dons !: traditional erection
which can best be likered to an eccen-
tric castle.
In the province Of Alsace-Lorraine
the women wear huge winged head
dresses. The wonderful thing about the
Alsatian hat iS-how IS it supported?
Are there concealed wires? And how
does 1t stop ON" in high wind?-
London Answers.
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1914-05-06
lnterrupted the Eirinq.

# IS told Of Lieutenant General Le-
onidas Polk Of the Confederate army
that he rode into the midst Of an In
diana regiment late in the evening at
Perryville. He had observed body
Of men firing upon his troops and sup
posed that those firing were Confed-
crates and were shooting by mistake.
He rode over that way to order the
firing to cease and found himself con-
fronted by Hoosier colonel. General
Polk wore dark blouse, and the dusk
Of the evening saved him. He was
asked as to his identity when he Or
dered the firing to stop. but, making a
threat to show them who he was, rode
away. AS soon as he reached ccpse
Of wood he put spurs to his horse and
rapidly drew away.
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1914-05-06
THE HUMAN SKIN.
It's Evolution Forecasts tho Coming OF
an Ultra White Race.

Its Evolution Forecasts the Coming OF
an Ultra White Race.
Professor Daniel Berthelot, eminent
French specialist, declares that the
skin of the human race has undergone
great changes since our primitive an
cestors. He finds notably that, while
the whitest of modern skins reflect al
most all the colors Of the spectrum, the
skins Of the more primitive races abb
sorb the colors Of higher and finer VI
brations and only reflect the stronger
colors at the spectrum's lower end
For instance, the skins Of the primi-
tive negro races reflected practically
no colors at all. The red skinned races
reflected only the reds at the lower
end Of the spectrum and the SO called
yellow races only as far as the yellow
in its center. The white skins Of the
races Of today are able to reflect not
only the blues, but also the violets at
the top Of the visible spectrum, al
though the strength and clearness OF
the reflection vary with each individual
skin.
But no skin has been found so far
capable Of rejecting the ultra violet
rays, which, although present in al
most all light, vibrate at a rate too
high to be visible to the human eye.
1t is therefore believed that the past
evolution Of the human skin fore
shadows the existence in the distant
future of an ultra white race, which,
in addition to its other capacities, will
have a skin capable Of rejecting the
Invisible ultra violet rays.-IndianapolIs
News
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1914-05-06
win Relieve Nervous Depression and Low Spirits

The Old Standard general Strengthening tonic.
GROVES TAsTELEss chill TONIC. arouses t.s=
liver, drives out Malaria and builds up the sys
tcr1. A sure Appetizer and aid to digestion. Soc
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1914-05-06
NEW ROAD
TO AUGUSTA
-AND ATLANTA.

" Commencing May 3rd the Atlantic Coast Line will naugu
rate THROUGH SLEEPING CAR SERVICE between vii.
mugon Florence Sumter Augusta and Atlanta in connection
with the Georgia Railroad
Following is the schedule Manning with
the service:
Ly Manning, T. 81 P. NJ.
Ar Sumter, g. 20 P. NJ.
Lv SUMTER g. 30 2. NJ.
Al: Orangeburg. TO- SO P. NJ.
Ar. Augusta: l. 40 A. NJ.
Ar. Atlanta, g. 60 A. NJ.
Passengers may remain in sleeping until ZOO A, NJ
Returning train leaves Atlanta, 500 F. NJ, Central
Time and arrives SUMTER 20 A NJ and Manning 1924 A. NJ
made the Union depot Atlanta with the
Dxie Flyer eavng there at 800 A NJ which solid train
Chicago carrying sleeping dining and observation also
through sleeping ST. Louis and with the South At
Limited Qeaving A NJ solid Cincinnati
carrying sleeping and dnnng also through sleeping
Louisville aud indianapolis
Connections are made Atlanta with the Atlanta and
Point R. R. Montgomery Mobile New Orleans and the
Southwest with Southern Railway for Birmingham Memphis
and and With other dvergng lines for points in South
Georgia, etc.
For reservations tickets suedues Western des
nao by this and attractive rone by old and reliable nes
apply to II. D. CLARK,
Ticket Agent of the Atlantic Coast Line.
The Standard Railroad of the South.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1914-12-15
Hearings This Week Under Publ
]. = Utilities Board. N

The following hearings will be held
I this week as ordered by the Public
Utilities Commissions:
A hearing will be held a. A. M. to-
day at the Office of George S. Hobbs,
vice president of the Portland Ter
minal Co., at Portland, on the accident
involving extra work train No. $50
and light engine No. 460. One person
was killed and three were injured In
this accident.
8 At p NJ today the Commissoiers
will be at Springvale, where at the
station a hearing will be held on the
petition OF the Atlantic Shore Railway
asking the manner and conditions OF
crossing the track of the Worcester
division of the Boston and Maine Rail
road near Springvale station.
The last hearing ordered for this
week will be held at 10 A. M, Wednes-
day, Dec 16. at the court room OF the
commissioners at the State House, on
the petition OF the Lewiston, Augusta
and waterville Railway Co., asking
the approval Of certain changes in the
City of Augusta. y ~ eaaT
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1914-12-15

State House Chat

Major E.. E. Philhrook. field agent
of Gypsy moth work, was very pleas
antly surprised Saturday morning
upon receiving a gift of value, gold
watch, presented by the Gypsy moth
workers and the officials Of the state
department of Agriculture as a token
Of their. appreciation of his efncient
work and of their friendly feeling to-
ward him. Major Philbrook was Sat
urday morning letting his Gypsy moth
workers go for the winter and 1t
seemed fitting time to make such
presentation. The watch was Howard
of q Jewels and was a beauty. Al
though greatly surprised Major Phil-
brook soon found words to express his
heartfelt thanks.
With the exception of two years
Major PhiIbrook has served as neid
agent of GYPSY Moth work CONTINUOUS
~ since 1905, and has naturally seen
many changes, particularly In the
methods of fighting the pest. In SPEAK :
ing Monday morning OF the work Oh
his department he emphasized the
fact that the men who have been IN
the work with him have been very
loyal and are experts in their line
Recent visitors at the State museum
were as follows: Laura b. PIERCE,
Solon: MT and Mrs. Charles Bradoury'
Belfast: Miss Catherine Quimby' Bel
fast; Hon. Z. p. Viles, Skownegan'
Mrs. r. L. Woodbury. North Brldgton
Abbie E. Woodbury.. Portland; H w.
Gordon, waterville.
The work of the Board OF Charities
and Corrections is now being carried
On in the room on the fourth floor
which recently has been used as blue
nrint room and during previous sess-
ions of the Legislature has been
occupied by the barber. me cnas
was made Monday morning in order
to prepare the room on the tniru noo,
for the occupancy by the repo Sn 81 -
the House of representatives. 5,lsFr
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1914-12-15
School Reporters

If the ballot repeater has been elm
mated as civic problem it is clear
from the annual Maine school report
that the school repeater is still found.
According to the figures there were
last year $3.50 pupils who were going
over for the second time the work of
grade. The State superintendent in
dicates that this is a kind of educa-
tional waste that ought to be reduced
very considerably, If not entirely elm
mated. 1t is pointed out that these pu-
pills generally represent serious prob
lens of the schools, that they are not
only themselves the discouraged and
disheartened element that is being
trained towards failure, but that they
are likely to impede the progress OF
the classes of which they are members
To reduce the problem it is recon-
mendcd that in all the larger school
systems there be established special
rooms under the charge of the most
successful teachers to be found IN the
teaching corps and that in all school
systems much attention be paid TO in
dividual instruction to assist these
retarded pupils OF regain their lost
ground. The number of repeating stu
dents for the year ending July l, 1914,
was T31 less than the number report
ed for the preceding year. This reduc-
ton shows that superintendent are
giving attention to the checking OF a
form of waste which from both a n
nancial and an educational point Of
view should ultimately be completely
stopped.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1914-12-15
Sheriff

AS is well known the foundation Rfoi
the present apportionment of salaries
was laid 10 years ago at the time the so
called fee system was abolished and the
legislature then in fixing salaries was
necessarily under the influence of the
fact that the remuneration of the once
of sheriff had been large and it was q
question of how much reduction from
the wonted income of the office should
be made. Teh result was that the sal
aries of sheriffs are large by comparison
with those of other officers; indeed, the
argument is, fair one that whatever
salary is paid to the sheriff is, to a eer-
tain extent clear loss to the county
because under the fee system the, sheriff
derived his income from the service OF
precepts for which the public paid, whiie
aat the present time the same fees are
paid to the deputies for the service OF
the precepts and the sheriff's salary is in
addition to this amount. In other words,
in the case of the sheriff, the fee sys-
tenn on the civil. side was not a polished
at all, but continued in full force and eff
feet and a liberal salary was paid to the
sheriff in addition. We have accordingly
thought it unwise to recommend salaries
which would result IN an aggregate In,
crease over the amount at present paid
and the changes recommended are in the
line of what appears to us an seuualiza-
ton, taking Into consideration the size
and character of the various counties.
and these recommendations are as fol-
lows: 49, sss