davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-08-02

Because only $500 of that was cash,
$500 was in personal qualification"
But business men do not calculate per-
sonal qualification in their ledger account
of cash receipts, and farming is becom-
ing more and more a business proposition
in this country.
Just as efficiency has become the watch
word in modern Industrial and CONNER
cia1 enterprises, SO it is gradually be-
coming the watchword in present-day
farming. Leading. helping and directing
that tendency is the business of the Of
flee Of farm management.
There is no reason. Prof. Spillman will
tell you. for all his pessimistic figures,
why farming should not become well
paid occupation, possibly better paid than
most other occupations, quite eliminating
the items of personal qualification and
health dividends.
But. to get it to that point the plant
for the production of natural food prod
ucts must be managed on the same gen.
eral principles that apply to the man
agement of any other factory. A shoe
factory in these days of fierce COMPETE
ton, must use efficient modern machin-
cry, on which a profit can be shown in
it would avoid the receiver and the
sheriff.
The same rule applies to the farm. The
factory that attempts to run on a scale
beyond its capital and its credit posi-
bilities is doomed to failure. So is a
farm under like circumstances. A fac
tory management studies its market and
adjusts it's plant and its product to the
market demands. So must the success
full farmer.
Grandfather traditions are no safer a
rule for farming than they are for manu-
featuring.
To provide the. expert advice the aver
age farmer needs, to bring to him the
lessons learned by all other farmers in
stations and by the departments corps Of
scientists is the purpose of the Office
which Prof. Spillman directs.
He is the farmers efficiency engineer.
There Is an intensely interesting human
story in the creation Of that Office. Not
long ago an interviewer found Prof. Spill
man in communicative mood and got
him to tell it Here It is:
Twenty years ago. IN 1884. became
professor of agriculture at the state agri-
cultural college of Washington at Pull
the famous Palouse wheat-producing
region. 1 was given a 190-acre farm On
which to operate, and promptly started
on 1t a number Of experiments intended
quite as much to teach me something as
to teach the students and the farmers
around about.
Presently I found out that the farmers
in the country already. knew about half
of what wanted to know. Each farm
er. operating on his own initiative, had
learned something of value. and the total
1t was not co-ordinated.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-08-02

Heretofore pretty nearly everybody In
Central America has been in favor of
building railways. The trouble has been
to map out routes which would afford
traffic, and to secure necessary cap
ital But now some of the treaty OPP
ponents profess to see something sin
ister In further railway construction.
The simple fact is that the jealousies
and clashing ambitions of the various
republics will not be harmonized until
they have better means of communities
ton with one another. Harmony may
not come then, yet it would seem that
a trunk line would be the best means of
promoting the Central American unity
which all claim to want.
~
The physical isolation of the different
countries is not easily understood ex-
cept with a map before one. Then the
difficulties of intercourse are apparent.
There is no means of going by rail from
one Central American capital to an
other. A trip must be made down to
the coast, then steamer taken and
then another railway journey. or, as in
the case of the capital of Honduras.
journey on muleback. If 1t were pos
to another in a day or two. or in a
few hours, the different governments
would be less apt to suspect their
neighbors.
There is no question that the Pam
anna canal makes it desirable to the
United States that there should be
through railway communication to the
Canal Zone. The strategic reasons
which make this communication de-
sirable to the United States are one
Of the causes of the antagonism of the
Central American politicians.
The general idea has been trunk line
from the southern border of Mexico to
Panama. When Henry G. Davis and An
drew Carnegie started in on their Pan
American railway propaganda, the back
bone line through Central America was
recognized as one Of the most important
links. The topography Of Central Amer
lea, with its mountain ranges paralleling
the coast. is not particularly favorable to
the construction Of trunk line of this
character, but with branches and feeders
develop traffic enough to make 1t a feas-
ible commercial proposition, although the
main purpose might be sentimental
The intercontinental railway survey
gave most attention to the route paral-
telling the Pacific, yet an alternative route
was suggested which would parallel the
Atlantic coast part Of the way. AS a
practical proposition. a zig-zag railway
may solve the questions. since it Is not
possible in Central America to build rail-
ways, as the Car of Russia once did.
by drawing straight line between two
points and ordering that the railway be
built.
Mexico was a long time getting down
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-08-02

to the southern border. Some enterpris-
ing Americans with more pluck than
capital got the concession for a line
from a point on the Tehuantepec ma
tional railway. They called their road
the Pan-American railway. They strug-
gled along with frequent help from the
Mexican government until the rails were
actually laid and traffic was open to the
border OF Guatemala Then the Mexican
government came to the front and took
over the whole project including the COM
pleted line. This transaction was al
legged to be tainted with fraud under
which large profits were obtained by GER
tain persons identified with the Diaz
government. 1t has entered into the
revolutionary movement.
Two Americans. one an ex-diplomat and
the other an ex-member Of Col. Roose-
yelt's cabinet, invested pretty largely in
the deal They were said to have made
large sum of money, but their profits
may have been only on paper. They OBJ
tanned control of the international bridge
across the Suchiate river. 1t was fig
ured that when traffic with Guatemala
bridge would be very large.
Miscalculation was made in this mat
ter. Guatemala was in no hurry to
join up its lines with the bridge, and
there was consequently no traffic, al
though Guatemala always had been on
record as favoring the Pan-American
project 1t Is possible that fear of
Mexican territorial aggression had
something to do with the hesitancy
shown. although, under Diaz. frequent
disclaimers were made Of any desire 10
absorb Guatemalan territory. When
Mr.. Blaine was Secretary of State he
settled an acute controversy between
Mexico and Guatemala observing what
amounted to an ultinatum on Mexico.
1t was after this that the Mexican dis
Chalmers were made. and under Diaz
no forward movement was taken.
* X
The Guatemalan railway system. as
it exists today, is the outcome of c. p.
Huntington's enterprise. He planned it
on broad foundation. but his plans
were only partly carried out. Hunting
ton believed that railway expansion
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-08-02
1ND1AN GIRL CAppY1NaW WATER

through Mexico was certain. and his
early concessions covered lines in Qua
temala which would reach the Mexican
border and join up with the Mexican
system.
Afterward other concessions were
given to different parties. and the I'M
possibility of reconciling them was one
reason put forth for the slow progress
link, so that Guatemala City would be
in direct rail communication with Mex
leo City. President Estrada Cabrera
however, did encourage some construc-
ton. and when the line reached oues-
zaltenago, his home city, there ives a
celebration in honor Of the event as
marking an achievement in Pan-<Amer-
lean railway construction. Since the
revolutionary disturbances in Mexico
the Guatemalan executive has given
further encouragement. and in a very
short time the gap can be closed and
the line completed to the international
bridge Suchiate.
The Interoceanic railway was also an
achievement of the Cabrera administra-
ton. 1t runs from San Jose, on the Pa
cif1c, to Puerto Berries, on the Atlantic
The Pacific section was completed many
years ago. The Atlantic section Jagged
until Sir William Van Horne and Perci-
val Farquhar, fresh from building the
Central railway of Cuba, took hold OF
the project
Farquhar who since then has achieved
a great reputation by the scope ana
daring of his South American railway en-
terprises, was at that time more modest
in his operations. He thought 1t would
be a good business proposition to close
up the gap between the capital city and
Puerto Berries. Whether 1t proved to be
a good business proposition is for the
financiers who backed 1t to say, but IT
undoubtedly was a good political and
national proposition for the Cabrera ad-
ministration.
X
The United States sent a distinguished
engineer officer, in the person of Gen.
George W. Davis. as its special represent
alive to commemorate the event. Wash
ington had a real interest. because with
the railway line completed it could count
on communicating with the capital of
Guatemala by way of New Orleans much
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-08-02
oNSIDER the farm

ONSIDER the farm
a S a factory
whose output is
food products. As
a business propo-
sition. taken by
and large. through
the country. II
does not pay the
I a C tory owner
a n y t h i n g like
what 1t ought to
pay. isl
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-08-02

ENTRAL AMER
ICAN politicians
who are opposing
Secretary !. Bryan's
Nicaragua treaty
have found a new
grievance. 1t is
I h e encourage
ment which an
American pro =
tectorate would
give to railway
construction.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-08-02
INDIANS ALONG THE
PAN AMERICAN RAILWAY

c. Keith of the fruit company is the
leading spirit in the railway organiza-
ton, although the two are kept entirely
separate and their interests are not en-
tirely Identical.
Mr., Keith's experience in developing
the banana industry in Central America
and in constructing railways. Is one OF
the romances of American enterprise in
foreign countries. Whether his persist
ence and his resources ultimately will
succeed in linking up all Central Amer
lea Is a question of the future. But al
present he Is the most active factor
and is also the object Of much critical
opposition.
The merits Of the various controversies
growing out Of his railway enterprises
do not need to be discussed in reviewing
the general situation. 1t is enough that
some people who are well advised think
that the prospect of pushing the Pan
American trunk line across Salvador Is
not a gloomy one.
The link across Honduras would be
a short one. and its construction easily
realized whenever the Salvador line
reaches the Honduran frontier. Hon
duras as yet has little prospect of an
interoceanic railway, although there is
a short section built out from Puerto
course of many years the resources OF
the interior. which are capable Of ex-
ploitation. might secure the building OF
the line from Puerto Cortez through to
Amapala on the Pacific.
.*
This would be of some Importance to
the United States, since IL the Mica
ragua protectorate treaty is ratified the
United States will have a naval sta
ton on the Gulf Of Fonseca, and there
might be occasions when the United
States would want speedy means of
communication and possibly of trans
portation from New Orleans through
Puerto Cortez to the Gulf Of Fonseca.
Nicaragua, which is the present storm
center of Central America, has several
sections of railway which would. form
links in the Pan-American trunk line.
but there are also important gaps on
which no progress has been made. AS
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-08-02

Read what Prof. W. ]. Spiliman, agri-
culturist in charge of the office of farm
management Of the Department of Agri-
culture. has to say in a summing up of
the statistical information he has assem-
bied on the subject of THE Farmers
Income:
The facts presented Tin his study Of
statistics) indicate that on the whole the
income Of farmers in this country, even
when we include as a part of the in
come those things consumed on the farm
where they are produced, Ii certainly not
more than sufficient to pay per cent
on the investment and ordinary farm
wages for the labor they do, and it Is
probably considerably less than this
Five per cent on investment and ordi-
nary farm wages. which are VIGOROUSLY
low,
The average peanut stand ought to do
better than that.
Gould anything be more discouraging
on the face Of 1t to the back to the soil
movement? Who wants to 60 to farm
ing when the rewards are no better than
this?
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-08-02

Right there the germ Of the thought
Of this office Of farm management was
born. As / began to assemble the things
that they did know, it occurred to me
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-08-02

In Washington there lives a profess
sional man who some time ago bought
a Maryland farm. Last year he boosted
in his club that he had got 1t to point
where it paid him 5000 a year net.
After the income tax law went into effect
a friend maliciously asked him IL he
included this $1,000 in his income tax
return.
Certainly not" was the reply.
WHY"
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1914-10-23
ANTWERP CITY RUINS
POPULACE HAS FLED AND THE
STREETS DESERTED, WITH
GERMANS ON PATROL.
SMOKING DEBRIS ALL OVER
disc Destroyed in Wholesale Dis
trict-Main German Army Passed
On--Capture of City Easy.

Antwerp, via London, Oct 20.-Ant-
werp is dead city. The populace has
fled, and the streets are deserted.
Smoking ruins still mark the havoc
wrought by the German shell fire. The
thoroughfares are piled with wreck
age, millions of dollars worth of mer-
chandise having been ruined in the
wholesale district alone.
The invading host, however, mas
passed on. Only bluejackets and ma
rine infantrymen from the German
stations at Kiel, Cuxhaven and Will
helmshaven now guard the city.
The German staff officers give as
surances that the German commander,
General Won Beseler, had found vic
tory easy in his campaign where hard
fighting was expected, and desperate
resistance where little trouble had
been anticipated The officers said
Antwerp had fallen eight days earlier
than expected, the Belgians evidently
being risheartened by their nine weeks
of defeat, and because of the easy man
ner in which the fortified positions be
hind the river Nethe were carried Oc-
tober 6 and 7.
AS the correspondent drove through
miles of the streets, the city seemed
to have suffered less from lombard
ment than had been believed. Indica
tons of damage wrought by the Ger
man shells were observed in all quar-
tiers of the city, but the destruction
usually was confined to individual
houses at widely scattered points, the
great mass of intervening buildings
being untouched.
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1914-10-23
BIG BATTLE RACES
BELGIANS HOLD POSITIONS BY
DESPERATE FIGHTING ON
RIVER USER.
HALTS THE GERMAN ADVANCE
The Allies Are Again Attempting to
Advance Toward Lille for Relief
of That City-Reports Confirm
ed by Germans and French.

London. Oct 21-Fighting of the
most desperate character is in prog
ress in West Flanders and northwest
ern France. The Belgian army, sup
ported by the allies, is holding stub
bornly to the line of the River User
and thus far has successfully halted
determined efforts of the Germans to
advance along the coast
This is announced in the French Of
fetal communication and is admitted
in the report of the German general
headquarters. which says fighting has
been going on since Sunday in the vi
cinity of Newport, which stands at the
crossing of the river near the sea.
A little further to the south the al
lies are attempting to advance toward
Lille for the relief of that city, which
has been in German hands for some
time. They also are pushing on to the
north and south of Arras. Their eff
forts Tuesday to advance on Lille
where the Germans hold strong posi-
lions. were repulsed, according to the
German report.
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1914-10-23
Russia Plants Mines.

Petrograd.-The Russian govern
ment announces that because Of the
presence of German submarines in the
gulf of Finland and the sowing OF
mines in Russian waters, it has been
compelled to have recourse to SINH
lar measures. Consequently certain
zones of Russian waters, especially
those near the CULTS of Riga and Fin
land and the Literal archipelago,
must be considered dangerous.
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1914-10-23
IDAHO TOWN POSTOFFICE
ROBBED; MAN HELD
Barber Under Bed Had $500 in His
Shirt, Is Story Given Out
to the Public.

st Maries, Idaho.-The postoffice at
Fernwood and the store of j. K Hood
in the same building are alleged to
have been entered and robbed by Jas.
Mannon, Jr., barber, last Tuesday.
Mr.. Hood, on opening the postoffice
and store, found $500 in bills missing
Mannon was found hidden under a
bed in the back room with $500 in
bills hidden beneath his shirt, it is as
serted. Mannon was placed under az
rest and brought to st. Maries and
arraigned in justice court on charge
of grand larceny I'm default of $1,000
bond he was locked up.
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1914-10-23

Up-to-date retailers do not regard
their windows as silent statesmen"
They make them talk. A swell-dressed
widow has no greater attraction for
gay bachelors than has well-dressed
window for shopping danes.
1t is reported that German officers
going to market in Brussels to buy
cattle recently found that the Ameri-
can minister there had cornered the
entire stock. Later arrangements
were made by which the Germans
could buy one carcass out of four.
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1914-10-23
Mexican Wounded Come to U. S.

Naco, Ariz.-Two hundred and fifty
Mexicans wounded during the attack
on Naco, Sonora, were brought to this
city Sunday through special permits
sion from the Washington government
The Carranza government has prom
ised that they will be attended with
out expense to the American state OF
national government
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1914-10-23
Canada Raises Another Army.

Ottawa, Ont.-With $4,000 Canadian
volunteers already landed in England,
and 5000 under arms guarding strate-
gic points in the dominion, the gov
eminent has decided to Immediately
put 10000 men into training and dis
patch them to England in units of TO-
900 each.
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1914-10-23
MARKET REPORTS
? Chicago.


Hogs-Steady to sc lower. Bulk,
S7.30@7.s5; light, $7.5O@S.05; mixed,
s715@s.15; heavy, $7@s.10; rough, 81
OTIS; pigs, $4.5OQ7.70.
Cattle-Steady. Beeves $6.50@1O.90;
steers, $6.1O@9.1O; stockers and feed
ers, $5.30@S.15; cows and heifers $3.40
90; calves, $7.50@11.65.
Sheep-Easy. Sheep, $4.75@6.00;
yearlings. $5.5O@6.4O; lambs, $4,000
100.
Wheat--No. red, $1.1O@1I1; No.
hard, $1.10@1.11.
Corn-No. 2 yellow, 72h@7sc; No.
yellow, 721s @7234c.
Rye-No. 2, 90@9015c.
Barley-55@72c.
Timothy-$4@5.25.
Clover-$11@14.
Butter-Lower. Creamery, 23@30c.
Eggs-Lower. At mark, cases includ-
ed, 19@22c; ordinary firsts, 1917 a
2O1sc; firsts, 21h@22c.
New York.
Coffee-Spot market unchanged at
6Ac for Rio rs and 10Ac for San
tos As.
Raw sugar quiet; molasses, 3.S7c;
centrifugal, 4.52c; refined dull.
San Francisco.
Barley easy. Shipping, $1.O5@1.10
Oats-Red feed, $1.35@1.45.
Butter-Fancy creamery. 301sc;
seconds, csc.
Eggs--Fancy ranch, 4sc.
Portland.
Cattle-Unchanged
Hogs-5c lower. Prime light, $7.4(
| @7.5O.
Sheep-Steady.
Tacoma.
Wheat Bluestem, $1.O2h @1.04
fortyfold, e7@9sc; club, 94@95c; fift
92@94c. Car receipts-Wheat, 80
barley 4; corn, 2; oats, 4; hay, 5.
Liverpool.
Wheat-Spot firm; No. 1 Manitoba
9s Sd; No. 2 red winter, new, IS 61ad
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1914-10-23
British General Killed.

A casualty list of the British ex-
peditionary forces in France, dated
October IA, reports the death of Ma
jor General Hubert l. w. Hamilton
and 10 other officers and the wound
ing of rs officers.
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1914-10-23
"Marse Henry" With Pres. Wilson.

Washington. - Henry Watterson
editor of the Louisville Courier-Jour-
nal, called on President Wilson at the
White House recently, following the
example set October by George Har-
vey, former editor of Harper's Week
ly. The meetings marked the end of
the controversy between the president
and the two editors which arose dur
ing Mr.. Wilson's Denomination cam
paign for the presidency. Mr.. Waiter
son, like Mr.. Harvey, went to the
White House at the invitation of the
president.
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1914-10-23
To Make Fuller Skirts.

Chicago. Much of the surplus
cotton of the south will find its way
into the 1915 petticoats, which will be
of generous fulness, according to a
bulletin issued here Monday by the
Fashion Art League of America.
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1914-10-23
Making Reserve Bank Notes.

Orders have been given by the treas
ury department to begin engraving
work on s25O,OOO,O0O federal reserve
notes for the use of the IL federal
reserve banks. Deliveries of the notes
will begin between November 1 and
is. They will be in SIS, $40, $40, $50
and 500 denominations.
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1914-10-23
Austria Summons More Men.

Venice.-The Austrian and Hungar-
ian governments have decided to sum-
mon to the colors all men between the
ages of "a and sc, liable to service N
the landstrum, who hitherto have not
served owing to physical disability
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1914-10-23
Sugar Reets Crop Short.

Washington.-From the condition of
sugar beets October l, the depart
ment of agriculture, in forecast is
sued Monday, estimates a harvest of
4,826,000 tons compared with 5,659,0O
tons, which produced 1,466,S02,OOO
pounds of sugar last year. A yield
of about 1913 tons per acre is in
dicated.
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1914-10-23
shushanna, Alaska, Gold Arrives

Seattle.-Fold dust valued at $780,
600 was received fro mthe north Tues
day by the steamship Humboldt, which
arrived from southeastern Alaska
ports. Sixty thousand dollars came
from the Shushanna gold fields, which
were discovered in the spring of 1913
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1914-10-23
Can Care for BeIQians.

Washington.-Th German bovern-
ment has consented to the admission
of food supplies for destitute BelgiaDs.
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1914-10-23
w EDNE SDAY.

Vienna officially reports Austrian
successes in Galicia. east of Chyrow
and Przemysl.
The Russian commander in chief
announces tersely that there is no
change in the situation.
Thirty thousand Germans are re-
ported to have occupied the coast be-
tween Ostend and Newport.
Japan announces the occupation FOR
military purposes of important ISL
ands in the Marianne, Marshall, East
Caroline and West Caroline archipel-
agos.
1t is estimated that there are not
less than 100000 Belgians outside
the borders of their own country and
that there are at least 100000 wound
ed in France.
The German marines are leaving
Antwerp to join the fleet and the ships
at Kiel have been extensively provi
stoned, portending possible activity
on the part of the German navy.
Picking dispatches report on the au
thority of refugees from Tsing-Tau
that the Japanese have lost several
thousand men in the ir campaign
against the German concession in
China
The Germans not only are attempt
ing an advance along the coast of the
North sea to the French ports but
have attacked the allies at many
points on the battle front from the
extreme north to the heights of the
Noise.