davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-02-11
l. There such Word as "Ruckus"'


Until the Congressional Record Of
Monday Is welcomed by rejoicing eyes
the friends Of homeiy speech and the
Hon. WILLIAM JON STONE of Missouri
cannot be sure II he has invented or
found word unknown I'm these parts,
hut sound. but necessary. and II an
alien, fully entitled to naturalization
In the speech Of MiLToS, SHAKEsPEARr
and BRYAN. To the general regret Mr..
STONE is III. Unable to come to the
Senate he wrote the Hon. JOHN WORTH
KERN of Indiana n letter about the
Panama tolls plank" in the Balti-
more platform. and therein. II the tele-
graph doesn't sing false. is the manly
and noble vocable In question:
1T does not seem to me that there 10
the least occasion for starting a 'ruckus'."
We all know how to start or raise a
"rumpus"; IA 80 ON the rampage" !:
well nil Of us know "ructlons" and the
raising thereof. "Rambustious" is ia
miliar to an unselcct few; "rambunc-
ton" and Its loud adjective "rambunc-
tious" are In many mouths. "Canting"
dictionaries may be MIXED for strong
IL not sweet colloquialisms such as
'rumbusticntor" and ''rumgumption"
ana "rambusk lous" Also rum
snitch." apparently an elder brother
Of the modern punch In the nose"
Rant" racket" and "rakehell" are
still with us; so are ''rapScalllon" and
we don't know how many more RS"
of power and excitement: sprung. per-
haps, from omomatopTia and thieves
or eypsies' hoozing ken. and now carry
ins, many Of them. impudent noses high
in THE best society OF speech.
Is "ruckus' Missouri cousin OF
that boisterous brigade? Or is 1t Il
misprint? Let us not burst In igno.
rance. Let Missouri show"
The good words so seldom visit the
North now. Even In Georgia to-day are
there any OF those "slow- goin', poke.
easy crecfers" like Colonel RICHARD
MALCOLM JoHNsToN's Mr.. ABsALoM
RLIINGsLrA: And "wommnck," IL SO
she Is spelled. Not for twenty years
at least has wommacking-if 1t owns
two "m's'-swum into our ken.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-02-11
The Honor system for Con,,c,s.

To THE EDITOR OF TIVE SrS--Sir: 7
have read with great interest the article
in THE SUNDAY SuN about the way the
convlrts are treated in the Colorado peni-
Tertiary, and also how good the honor
system works think that Il would he
a good plan II this system were put in
operation up IN Sing Sing and down IN
Atlanta. MS II would give a man n better
chance of making good after he comes
out of prison instead OF always being
bounded and bounded until he is forced
to go back at STEALING again and event
ually going back to prison Ex.
NEW YORK February 10
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-02-11
InIlest rUIctIhIc IlnrNlIsi,ni.

To THE EpiToR OF THE SuN-Sit' |
had the pleasure 90 this day oercccivlng
a call from a man OF Washington, u. G.,
who offered me eleven volumes of Mes
sagrs and Papers of the Presidents OF tho
United states" and presumably published
under tina auspices of tho United States
Government, The solicitor came to the
point In time by stating that ! was one
of the few who were To have tn. pleasure
of securing these almost priceless volumes
for the trifiing sum OF $40 per volume,
but must buy at once ana pay ut my con-
venience by monthly remittances
BROOKLYN, February 8, N. HUGHES.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-02-11
The Man Who Might Have been
President.

or major interest ut me Tllden cen
tennial exercises last night were Mr.
| FRANCIS LYNDE STETsoN's swift but
effective review Of Mr.. TILDEN's pa.
triotic dcmeanor throughout the great
electoral controversy Of 1876 aud 1877,
and Colonel HENRY wATTkRsoNs re-
iterated testimony ms to the candidates
rectitude under the greatest Of politi-
cal temptations.
''Endeavorlng Justly to estimate"
said Mr.. SrrTsoN. 1.-The self-restraint
and the patriotic self.effacement Of Mr..
TILDEN In this national crisis. I have
been led to wonder what would have
been the action and the consequences
OF the action OF Mr.. BLAINE or of
Colonel ROOSEVELT had either OF them
been similarly circumstanced."
Speaking from direct knowledge"
wrote Colonel WArTrRsoS from Nice
to the Memorial Committee. land upon
the honor Of Il man Incapable of false
hood. I give II you that he was offered
the Presidency for n consideration and
refused It."
There Is another aspect Of the proc
ess OF events that deprived Mr.. TILDEN
OF the Office which majority OF his
fellow citizens believed to he right
fully his What would have been the
decision OF the Electoral Commission
had It not been for Mr.. Justice DAVID
DAvIs's ambition to leave the bench
of the Supreme Court and engage In
Presidential politics from point Of
advantage in the United states Senate!
You cannot state consequences of that
which never happened" Mr.. TILDEN
informs us. But sometimes you can
infer the consequences Of that which
actually did happen.
On the very day Of the passage by
the Senate Of the bill creating an Flee
toral Commission Of five Senators, five
Representatives and five Justices of
the Supreme Court. the Illinois Legis.
lature ut Springfield. after Il long dead
HUN anu vi lue ioItittn buIl't, tIeltI
DAVID DAVIS ms Senator.
The friends OF Mr.. TiLDrS firmly he
Level tina; but for that circumstance
he fifteenth member OF the Electoral
Commission would have been Judge
DAVID DAVIS. Fourteen members were
acknowledged partisans. seven Re
publicans and seven Democrats. The
fifteenth member was TO be n Justice
of the Supreme Court. selected by the
other four Justices already designated
and his was to he the casting vote.
Judge DAyIss independent position In
politics. the public confidence In the
integrity OF his character, his intellec-
tual impartiality and his eminent ju-
dicial attachments all pointed, to him
as the fifteenth and potent member OF
the commission. The country felt as
sured that the decision which Judge
DAVIS might render would be unbiu sed
and just.
II fate had not put the balance Of
power In the Illinois Legislature In
the hands OF five Independents, several
of whom believed that DAVID DAVIS
was destined to be elected President
of the United States four years later.
he and not JOSEPH 4, BRADLEY would
huve been the fifteenth member OF the
Electoral Commission.
Would Judge DAVIS ever have re-
alt . -.
The case?
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-02-11
Cpmmunistic Facilities In the Fed
crai Reserve Act.

Postmastcr-Gencral BuRLEsoN's de-
termincd HdNut|t y of Government own
ership Of the telephone system Of the
country lends peculiar interest to one
of the provisions of the Federal Re-
serve act. In Section 4 There are set
forth certain specific powers which the
new Federal reserve banks will have.
and one of these confers upon them
the right to take out circulating notes
to any amount upon "dny bonds of the
United States" Diligent examination
OF the text OF the Federal Reserve law
In the light Of the Postmaster Generals
propa ganda convinces us that the note
Issue provision In Section 1 would lend
ITSELF beautifully to the accomplishment
or such project. II indeed it was not
designed for that very purpose.
Not only does the Federal Reserve
act seem TO contemplate the eternal
preservation OF the present national
bank note circulation. transferred per-
haps In part to the Federal reserve
banks as the source Of issue, but Il
paves the way for an enormous incren 80
whenever the Government augments its
bonded debt out OF necessity or In fur
therance of political program II.
Tor example. Congress IL prevailed
upon to legislate for Government own
ership Of the telephone system and the
Government should issue bonds to the
present owners OF the telephone bust
ness In payment for their property, the
Federal reserve banks under the law
might seem to jealous visionaries n
very convenient vehicle for facilitating
the transaction.
II the former owners Of the tele-
phone companies did not want to keep
their new Government bonds for invest
ment they could take them to Fed
eral reserve bank and obtain new cir
culating notes to the par value OF the
bonds. because the bank could pawn
the bonds with the Treasury for such
an amount Of notes. The operation
would. to he sure, have some astonish-
Ing consequences on financial condl-
lions, but Congress In legislatlng for
a new banking and currency system
preferred not 10 he well advised in
good many important particulars
That the Federal Reserve act leaves the
door open to fantastic endeavors OF a
comnuniStic kind cannot be questioned
aLd there are plenty Of people with
votes who think that money Is some
thing which can be printed by the Gov
eminent or depends upon governmental
authority.
The point has been made in some
quarters that the rcfunding feature Of
the Federal Reserve oct, contained in
Section IS, severely contracts the posi-
biiities Of increase In circulating. note
issues Of the present variety. This ar
gument rests almost wholly on the ap.
parent limitation to $25OOO,OOO Of the
amount Of Government bonds which the
Federal reserve banks may take over
from national banks In any one year,
the proviso concluding ns follows
(which amount shnll include bonds nc.
CURED under Section 4 Of this act by
the Federal reserve bank"
Inc whole proviso Is 80 clums,Iy
worded as to be capable Of a definition
tssf every Federal reserve bank NAV
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-02-11

There Is one permanent institution N
Mexico. the Juarcz raCetraCk. No mat
ter whether the Federals or the Con-
st!tutionalists are in possession Of the
town the ponies" gallop round the
circular track for purses, and the book
makers give odds to grinCors and
er.asers alike. President iiUERTA must
have read with a feeling Of envy that
Annual Interest won the fifth race at
Juarez on Monday eased up in the
stretch
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-02-11

SAN BERSARpINo, Cal. Feb. 81 am
for equal suffrage, and II you do not
believe II, come UP 10 my house any
Monday and watch me do the family
washing" said Mayor JOE CATIcK.-
Philadelphia Record.
The Hon. JOE CArIcK is wise bird
He sees the future come. amid the
fights dellrlum. In the hands OF men
entirely great the washboard is
mightier than the sword
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-02-11

offers to live for one year on 10 cents
"A day." says IA Los Angeles despatch.
Why should an apostle OF the meagrc
diet ask so swollen an allowance for
the pleasures of the table? Years ago
DR.. do LEWIS lived on a cent n day.
Beans and vinegar was his fare. IL we
remember: and afterward he bitterly
regretted his excess OF expenditure.
The vinegar might have been spared.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-02-11
His Winter Comforts.

TO TIVE EpfoR ~ TUE SrS-Sir. Three
founts Of unfailine cheer through a long and
cold Adirondack winter are The Sun, WAL.
tam Marion Re-dy's Mirror and Lever.
Charles O'Mallcy" H. A. sTsnN.
TvrPrk LAKE, February :,
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-02-11

Professor r. W. f.. DAVID Of the Uni
vers!ty OF sydney may be right when
he says that there are paying gold
reefs in the Antarctic but how does he
know that they could be worked as
easily as the Alaska deposits? What
ever Sir ERNEST SHACKLEToN's report
may be. there Will be no rush To the
diggings to recall Nome, Any gold en-
tracted from the Antarctic Continent
would be heroically earned
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-02-11

Prohibition Commissioner BLUE ex-
planned that any one may manufacture
wine or cider for his own domestic con-
sumption.-Despatch from Charleston,
w. Va.
Is hard cider cider? And does the
term wine" include switched? Pros
pectve emigrants from Maine would
like to know Please answer in plain
sealed envelope.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-02-11

TILpEN did not understand democracy
rs Mr. BRYAN understands II. or as Or
WOODROW WILSON understands III he
would have viewed them with astonish-
ment.--Hdrtford Courdnt.
Surely establishment is a m!sprint for
admiration. Otherwise We miss the
meaning.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-02-11

Lack OF plain old fashioned thrift
Spokesman-Reriep.
In short. that highly respectable vir-
tue which a is angry because Is doesn't
practise, and d Is angry because A
doesn't practise. Both love plain old
fashioned thrift. practise handsome new
fashioned devilwagoneering.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-02-11
only lntricd Transit,

We've sailed the earth and rallied the earv,
Wen Nv around 1t big;
but childhood's plan remains untried--
hole 10 china dig
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-02-11

A Connecticut laborer who never re-
ceived more income than 81 day lived
on bread and onions and saved 000.-
Baltimore American.
A good example for every not abso-
lutely forehanded grandfather with a
proper regard for the comfort Of his
descendants.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-02-11
Iirniity and the Ballot

To THE EDITOR OF THE SuN-Sir: When
women vote | believe that none but hand
some men will have a chance Of being
el"ct~' to the Presidency. a man Ike
Abe Lincoln. for instance. would not have
ghost Of n chance. SrRiNus.
NEw York. February 10.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-02-11

Vicious crows in the Christian Hook
section OF this place Killed and ate II ,at
on the Marion farm yesterday afternoon.
-Oceonsids, l.. l., despatch.
In spite OF this nature story We be-
lieve the cat will come back
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-02-11

Non-recognition OF yesterdays earth
quake in New York may be easily ex-
planned. The shock was generally at
,ributed to the reorganization Of the
Democratic party.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-02-11

Preparation Of q Presidential primary
bill, as advocated by President WILSON,
will begin at once .-Wdshtngton desputch.
So organic consideration yields to in
organic.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-02-11

London once, bingham House, I Arundel
street strand.
Paris Once, Rue de la Michodiere, OF Rue du
Quatre Septembre
Washington orlrr. Hlbbs Building
Brooklyn once l06 Livingston street.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-02-11

Illustrations for Publication ulsh TO hare reJscted
articeS returned oy must In az eases send SANDS
to nat purpose
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-02-11
Defined.
Identified.

knicker-Whst is tho new tresdom"7
Bocker--More jail
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-02-11

Knickcr--Whst model IL your cary
BoGker-secOnd mortgage
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-02-11

BILLY WHITE OF Fmpor!a Ia Justly
praised for his jovialty -kdnsds CITY
Journal.
Say rather his mercuriallty and ample
apollinity.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-02-11

Published daily. including Sunday. by the sun
Printing ard Publishing Association at no Nassau
street In the Borough OF Manhattan, New York
President and Treasurer. William c. Reick. I7O
street: Nice-president. Edward p. Mitchell.
lao Nassau street. Secretary, c. T.. Luxton. i7O
Nassau street.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-02-11
Report ON Child Labor.

Under the heading OF extension Of child
labor investigat ons. the report says.
Elaborate inquiries could not be- under
taken Immediately. because o. iusu'''a' ~
funds Before another Government Ir-
quiry along these lines H. undertaken ~,
results OF the exhaustive Investigation of
the condition OF woman and cnild wac,
Gamers. recently completed by the bureau
OF labor statistics az a cost Of ten tines
the entire appropriation OF the ctildr.r
bureau. should be studied. dir,stcd and
popular zod
one Of the most important suffice -
with which the oh dren's BUREAU has t.
deal liz that of the relation OF the Chill
TO industry. Among the topics Wi
the law directs the bureau to 'tspecit.'t
investigate are employment and 'u.u-
gerous occupations The duties outline.
for the children's bureau In this dire.
ton are much broader than W .f..u
he implied by the expression child lahu'.
for the bureau Is confronted by tn" entire
problem of the transition OF tie ,i'I
from economic dependence to economic
independence. 1t is not merely
question of the age at which children DO
or should make this transition, or u! The
number of hours they work or should b.
allowed to work after having mad. II, bat
II Is "A question involving the entire r'...
ton OF the child to his Industrial equiv.
ment for adult life. Perhaps no pruhl.r
OF child labor are more important tua..
those furnished by this transition tI,.H
childhood to a useful occupation Hen"
the bureau cannot IN this connection ctl".
the problems OF industrial and vocational
training"
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-02-11

All checks. money orders. &C.. 70 be made pay.
able 10 TIE Sun.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-02-11
Comments On Mothers Pensions.

The report says that laws en1h ~
needy mothers TO retain the care OF tu...
own children by the method puru'l-'v
known as mothers pensions have t.'H
passed In sixteen states during The I"s.
year. Reports of commissions and ,n..
fcrences upon this subject. copies . bis
submitted In various States and copies ~
avs passed have been carefully gathered
Commenting on this Miss Lathrop SAYS
mo child should be- separated from mo
care Of a good mother because Of puNr.''
alone. The documents studied also r,,.A.
great uncertainty and inequality ~ o. f'.'
methods proposed 20 AVOID such s,I.r.-
ton OF mother and child. Tho laws pissed
show great variety and much ho0,~, q 4.
ference of opinion as 10 the Nal.r
methods thus far proposed The Ia's.I
therefor" desires to undertake an irl ~
INTO methods in use IN the various A..
IAN states for providing for needy .'.
drel IN their own homes"
In conclusion the report saws.
Tnqucstonahly tho bureau sNorlt ..
coed as rapidly as possible 20 carr, me-
the explicit directions Of the law r,5..-.
the following Investigations lnfar' '..
tality. birth rate urphanagr. Jaw q,
courts. desertion, dun-crouS ur-,r...
accidents and diseases Of childr,..
ploymcnt and legislation affecting
drcn
The Increase OF staff and appropr .-
necessary for beginning these Tnr
studies hay" been carefully Corsld. r.. .'
pans submitted, Ia accordance with o.. -.
plans an increas" Of the stan r1r l9l- -
soN"nty-siN persons Is requested a'.. .-
appropriation for salaries sni .N.'.s
II slGt64O"
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-02-11
Subscriptions, BY Mail. Postpaid.

Subscriptions by Mail. Postpaid.
Jail Pcr nth.'....,...,..............e % Sd
bHiIh' fer year ......,......,............ OO
SUNDAY. Fer Month. ................... as
SUNDAY TO Canada. Per Month. 90
SUNDAY, 4cr YEAR.. .................... SO
DAILY AND SUNDAY. Per Year....... . so
DAILY AND SUNDAY. Per Month. ...... IS
foRIIdS RATES.
DAILY. Per Month. Observation-Disclosures. I rs
SUNDAY Y. Per Month. ..................... 0S
DAILY AND SUNDAY. Per Month. .... I %
THE EVENING SUN. Per Month. ........ 7S
TiiE EVENING SUN, Per Year. ......... SO
THE EVENING sun Forel gnl. Per Month. I Oh
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-02-11
NEGLECT KILLS HALF
THE BABIES WHO DIE
Miss Lathrop, Federal rhil.
dren's Bureau Chief, Makes
First Report.
HAS BIG PLANS FOR 1914
Will Make Wide study Of Child
Labor and Juvenile
Crime.

WAsHrNGToN. Feb. 10.-AccoGdI tlts
first annual report OF Miss Ju.I u,
Lathrop chief Of the childrcn's hu-,. ..
the Department OF Labor. about 2u...)
babies under one year OF age d.. 81
year In the United States
AT least half would be iivins l.. .
as individuals and communities. apY 4
those measures OF hygiene and SAINT on
that are known and available" sad Mss
Lathrop.
Here Is "A vast and unmcasuied loss Cd.
infant life, due solely 20 individual and
civic neglect The economic and indus.
trial significance of such loss In Ga.
general scheme OF social well beng is
beginnln. to be realized. II is agreed
that the conditions that destroy So many
OF the youngest lives must also result IN
Gripping and manning many others AMI
must react unfavorably upon the health
OF tho entire community"
Miss Lathrop says that on account ~
the lack of funds the bureau has been
unable to conduct II comprehonsiva IN
qulry into the cause of infant mortality,
but II was decided to begin the work IN
a small scale and the city of Johns,owr
Pa. was chosen as the subject OF the first
inquiry There were 1851 schedules nlied
out, embodying n picture OF the social
civic and industrial conditions OF the
family. together with a careful history %.
the growth of a baby during the first year
OF life, with especial attention to feeding
The report of this first field inquiry Will
appear in the near future.
Referring to the childrens bureau. Miss
Lathrop says: This bureau IL the result
of the belief OF those Interested IN the
protection and betterment OF children that
the Federal Government should aid n
that service, Just as the various bureaus
Of the Department Of Agriculture as, -
In the bcttefment OF farm plants and sul-
mails The field OF the children's bureau
Is defined as all matters pertaining 70 ne
welfare OF children and child life"
Miss Lathrop recommends a large n
crease In the force OF the children's hu-
reau, which now consists Of but fifteen
persons, and to date has had an aprgp-
priation OF but s25.6i0
ut seems plain that the infant NOR
tally inquiry should he carried forward
as rapidly possible" she SAYS. Local
interest and activity will he much NOR,
effectively stimulated by an inquiry made
in various centres simult tneously'
The Dickinson press., 1914-04-18

FERTILE Valley Farm Land Company,
= Notice OF Special Meetings Stockholders.
TO the Stockholders Of the Fertile Valley
Farm Land Company: Please Take Notice,
that! pursuant to an order. Of the Board Of
Directors duly and regularly made, you are
; ssse1,yd 1Stiaed & that ia = Special Assdi;l Meeting e1;agg q T. the he
Land Company will be held at the Company's
Office, at Dickinson. North Dakota..o n the first
day OF May, AID. 1914. at. SOC O'clock In the
afternoon OF said day for the purpose Of grant
this Corporation to issue and negotiate, by
pothecate and sell this Comyany's bonds in an
amount not to- exceed One Hundred Fifty
Thousand Dollars (S15O. 10000 and@to make q
erty OF this Company as security for said
bonds. Said trust deed or mortgage to cover
such, lands and contain. such terms as may
seem IN the discretion OF the Board OF Direc-
best Interests 81 this Company. Said bonds to
be IN such denomination. bear such rate OF
sinterest,Itbe due and tpayablesat such time as
said Board of Directors and 0facefs may deem
sadyissable and said trust deedsor5mortgage to
pany Of st. Paul, Minnesota or such other per-
sons or corporations in trust. and as trustee,
as the Board of Directors and Of1cers of this
Company may designate. At this same meet
Laws for adoption BY this corporation D the
meeting will be held for the purpose OF trans
acting such other business as may regularly
come before said meeting. with full authority
purpose Of accomplishing said objects. This
notice of meeting is issued o. order. of the
Board OF Directors and has been approved by
them. SAM SHEPARD, Vice-Pres. n Director;
JOHN seo'y and Director. Ap-
HoI1MAN, Director; 81. J. KooYER. Director;
D. c. HUNTINGTON. Director. 2-21-10t
The Dickinson press., 1914-04-18
NOTICE FOR PUBLICATION
Isolated Tract
.p11n1 1c 1.ANn SIZE

PUBLIC LAND SALE
Department Of the Interior, u. 8. Land
Office at Dickinson, Nd, March "a, 1914.
Notice is hereby given that. as d.
rected by the Commissioner Of the Gen.
eral Land Office, under. provisions Of Act
Of Congress approved March 49, 1912.
pursuant to the application Of Frank
ikralicek, IF: serial. 01S5eS, we viii offer
at public sale. to b highest bidder, but
O'clock a. NJ. On i3;es sfh day yt 81 May y
Ecribed land:. Lot 4, Sec. 4, +. AT n,
cordance with and subject t the pro-
visions and reservations of the Act of
June %. 1910. i36 Stat. $3.50.
Any persons claiming adversely the
above-described land are advised to file
their claims, or objections, on or before
the time designated for sale. q
j. g.. QUINLIVAN, Register.
|4-4-5t w. "A. MCCLURE, Receiver.