davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1914-12-28

when the Philippine independence bill
is up for final passage in the senate
are regarded as we'll timed for inter
ests opposing even limited indepen-
dence Of the Filipinos.
A small riot, with only ten men In
volved was also reported at La Guna
Delay.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1914-12-28

tan (proh), 6,oO9; Schank (progD,
15,05s; McCrillis tsoc.), s,462; Spur
geon (ind.l, 24,490.
The vote on governor was greater
In all parties than the vote on United
States senator. The governor is rec
ognized as the head of the ticket and
all political adjustments are made
with reference to the vote on COVER.
nor.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1914-12-28
Zee. stopped Railway Traffic.

Bees held up railway trafhc on the
Iondon and orth-Western mail line
near shap Summit for several hours
recently, The bees swarmed in sig
mi lamp. No relief was forthcoming
until an official from Penrltn oisioue
ed them.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1914-12-28
100000 Fire Damage.

UNITED Press Leased Wire servico.l
AKRON, Ohio Dec. 2s.-Firemen at
500 q. m. today controlled blaze
that practically destroyed the 100000
Walsh block In the heart OF the bust
ness district.
Many firemen were overcome by
smoke.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1914-12-28
Married Most Numerous.


It may not be amiss to consider
some facts concerning the women for
whom the state has to care. We may
next consider what Is being done for
them and then offer suggestions for
further assisting them to become use
full members Of society.
have covered q period OF fifteen
years-July 1, 1899, to June 30, 1917
in gathering the statistics presented.
There were 1877 women received. OF
whom 151 were white and As colored.
The highest number incaroerated at
one time was AZ, the lowest 16, the
average being 81. Those able to read
and write number 1874, unable to do
SO. 33. Only % left home before they
were fifteen years Of age. At the time
Of commitment one-fifth were unmar-
ried, almost one-half were between
the ages OF twenty and thirty, nearly
third had sentences ranging from
five to ten years and one-etghth for
over ten years, and over two-thirds
were employed in housework Of vari-
Gus kinds.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1914-12-28

the acquired habits and delinquen,
tendency in these women, and is seek
ing to train and prepare them for the
new life and certain struggle they will
be called upon to make.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1914-12-28

That there is real throughout Europe the
attitude Of America the proved by the anxious
editorials the subject the of Great Britain France
and Germany
THE LITERARY DIGEST in its issue for November
2lst contains important article this subject including
translated from representative European
Don't miss reading it.
.The Literary Digest week by week only gives the
most comprehensive reliable and interesting Of the
editors keeping in close touch with developments and
public opinion America and elsewhere and Digest readers
will know every phase Of the probable effect OF the
war upon all peoples throughout the world
The busiest of busy people spare hours weekly
reading Literary Digest Even in this short time
they to nothing else they learn about all those
subjects which mankind everywhere than could he who
snends MANY hours in ndiscriminate reading
This Week-NOW-Get 1t From the News-dealer-10 Cents
The literary Digest
Dictionary YORK
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1914-03-22
Church. Going a Good Habit.

There is no habit that contribute
more 10 softening and broadenine
Of character than that of going TO
church. The inauguration OF 'go-tc-
church-Slnday" drew the worlds at
tention very sharply TO the fact tina.
with many people attendance on A.
vine service on Sunday was rare
occurrence. Instead, staying away IS
the fixed habit Any excuse IS maae
to serve Until excuses are no longer
cxpected--the person Just doesn't go
that ia all there is to it. NO con
sidesasicn is given to the Dement'S
tia. arc thls voluntarily foregone.
For no n,an or woman can join,
wee, after week, in the same re
,lig.oas services and not feel a soft
ming influence, a humanizIng out
reach, a Wholesome uplift therefrom
The first incentive to go to church
Is a religious one, desire to give to
God that one day out OF the seven
that His divine command lays upon
ills people But apart from this duty
is the personal effect it has upon
ourselves. We feel our own indiyidu-
ality IN the great fabric of religion
and the marvellous plan of salvation,
That we are but atoms in it all is
true, bit we are separate atoms with
special purpose to work out. This
fact Of a personal responsibility in
the scheme of things is so empha-
sized that we take il away with us
into the workaday world and try
harder to live up to the standards OF
that responsibility.
The man who seldom goes to
church misses the gentle reminder
that comes through sharing in the
Worship. IIo may be an ncnest man,
as the world rcckons honesty. but he
Is more than apt to forget the prac-
tice of gentle judgments and charit
able estimates of others. He may
give dollar for dollar in actual cash
transactions, but he is so far out OF
touch with the spiritual side of life
that he forgets to give the extra
change of patience and tenderness
and helgfulness.
Churchgoin2 as a habit nurtures
these qualities in the heart just as
the rain and the sun bring out tho
best OF plant life. The concentrated
effort shat is being made by ali
churches to revive and reastablish
the habit of Sunday service attend
ance Is one of the best signs of tnc
times. Through it We get back tc
the oh ways of reverence, disre.
gard of which has done so much to
pail down the best and highos,
idcale.
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1914-03-22
Christian Science.

The Christian Science society
meets a. the Jewish Synagogue 1l0J
Commercial avenue, every Sunday
forenoon at II o'clock and every
Wednesday evening at O'Clock.
Sunday school at $50 a. m.
Pupils up to the age OF 20 year;
are welcome to Sunday school.
The free reading room in the in,
terurban station is open every even.
ing except Wednesday and Sunday
rom to 8 o'clock All are Wei.
ONE.
Subject for Sunday, MasDa -2ud
Matter" Golden isaiaf
1872, "mhom hast taou rcproache,
nd blas2hencd? And against wtt
has chou exalted thy Voice and lest
I'd UP thine eyes on high Eve.
against the Holy Che Of Israel.
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1914-03-22
RELIGIOUS NEWS
Cairn Rantist.

Corner Tenth aud Poplar streets
Rev. A. +. Garrett. Pastor. Hours
of service: Sunday school 1000 a
m. n. Y. p. L. $50 p. III. Juniors
$50 p. m. Prayer meeting wednesday
7:45 p. m. Hours Of service: Morn
ing worship. 1900 a. m. Evening
worship 1880 p. m.
At The evening service the paste.
VIII give the third number in tn
cyies of sermons on Life" til
theme of this one beng The Salts
fed Life" Every member of thu
church is urged to near these ser.
u IN,
~ lie morning service the pas
tor will speak The Peril of Gossip
or 'aTbe Power of a Tongue
All services will be held in til.
annex. This viii be the last SUI
day the services viii have to b.
held In the annex as the auditorium,
will be recpenad with concert on
Thursday evening,
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1914-03-22
Heavy Blanket MORTGAGE.

Paducah is as chesty as q pouter
pigeon over the recent decision of thu
/ Interstate Commerce Commission ~
which it was granted the sa me rat9
on lumber from Mississippi anu
Louisiana and "equidistant points
as these enjoyed by Cairo. Paducah
however, on account Of its close
proximity, has the edge on Cairo
when /, comes to rates to Helena
Paducah has been headed in that d.
rection ever since 1907, the high
waters Of 1918 giving it the impetus
necessary to slam it topping on the
brink Every day one can pick IN n
Padneah paper and see where some
merchant has filed a petition in
bankruptcy. Too bad, too bad Ana
lta sach pretty little city alwass
so nivc. coy ana warm in winter on
account of the heavy blanket more
gage spread over it.
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1914-03-22
Calvary BAPTIST.

Corner of Sixteenth aud Poplar
Rev. J Fl. PennuCk. pastor; resi-
dence, 232 Sixteenth street.
Regular hours OF service. morning
Sunday school at 9:45; preaching ut
l o'clock: evening at 7;4j; Youns
Peoples meeting at $50. PRAYER
meeting every Wednesday evening
at 7:45.
Morning subject, Christian Ex-
perioncc. Psalms to:t Eyenin-
subject. Witnessing fog Christ
Acts is.
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1914-03-22
PRESBYTERIAN Church.

Corner Eighteenth street and
Washington avenue. Rev. Alfred VI.
Eells pastor.
Regular hours Of service: Sunday
3chcot at 9.a5; service with sermon
at IL O'Clock; Christian EIdeavoI
at Gas; evening preaching service
at 730: Wednesday night prayer
meeting each week at 1880.
ii dorlig aalc,t. n Sacred Liba-
ton"
Solo. Paul Clcn1encn.
Evening subject, "Thc Iionors c.
Right VERSUS those OF the World.
Solo. Mrs. Claude Winter.
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1914-03-22
Church OF the Radeener
(Episcopsl.l

Fourth Sunday Ill Lent.
Corner of Washington avenue and
Sixth street.
Rev. +. J. Batty, recor. Rectory.
coo Washington avenue.
Holy Communion at a. M: Sun
day school at $50 q. M; Morning
Prayer at HOO a. m; Evensong
with sermon 500 p. m.
At the morning service NJ, Go l.
smith will sing THAT Sweet Sto-y
of Old, by West The choir Will
Sing The Story OF the Cross, VITA
Mr. Bethel and Mrs. Cant as sole
lists. At the morning service the
sermon viii be the last in the series
on Tho Temptation rac subject
for the evening sermon will be
"Coniicn
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1914-03-22
Emmanuel Lutheran.
Fourth Sunday in Lent.

On Douglas street between Wash
lnGton avenue and Walnut street,
Rev c. Robert Dunlap, pastor. Bell
phone $50. Residence Az Dougias
street.
Hours OF service; Sunday schoo,
at 10 o'clock a. M; preaching at II
o'clock in the morning and 1880 in
the evening.
Morning subject God Is Good.
Evening subject why 60 Il
Church," At the Lenten seyvio
"Wednesday night, the subject VIII
be Christ Before Plate
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1914-03-22
First Methodist Episcopal Churc

Corner of Eighth and Walnu.
streets. Rev. NJ. Fl. Loar, pastor,
Phone Bell IFS. Parsonage No. 40S
Eighth street.
Hours of service: Sunday school
9;30 a. ~, a graded school. Preach
Ing l0;45 a. m. and 1880 p. m. Spec
lal music at all preaching services.
Junior League p, m. Epworth
League $50 p. m. Prayer meeting
Wednesday 1880 p. m. The official
board meets on the first Monday CT
each month at 1850 p. m.
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1914-03-22
Has Two Plants TO Manage

Z. r. UoIdston left Yesterday for i
vacation trip 10 points in northcrn
Illinois for three weeks, has been
given the management of the Pic
0ocr Pole and Shaft ccTpanys plant
at Evansville, in conjunction with
the local plant. He is to divide his
time between Cairo and Evansville
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1914-03-22
Lineman Slightly Injured.

y liacman employed by the Homo
Telephone Co., Lester Reynolds OF
Mound City, received an electric
shock Friday whilo at work. \
crossed electric wire is said to have
causd The trouble REYNOLDS vas
rendered unconscious by the shoes
he received but recovered q few hours
later and is reported us not bcin',
9criou5ly injured.
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1914-03-22
Ledger Posting Device.

The Cairo National Bank has IN
stalled labor saving macnine tnat
is the pride of the accountants OF
the bank; it is a ledger posting ma
chine that posts in type written fig
urcs, which not only adds but also
subtracts. Cashier Cox takes pleas
ure is showing the new device II
everyone. Mr.. Cox SAYS this machine
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1914-03-22

Streets; Rev r. d. Kennedy. pastor.
Residence secs Elm street. Bell
Phone eco.
Regular hours of service: Sunaag
school at 9:i0 4 m. Preaching It
II O'CLOCK; Junior Epworth League
at p m; class meeting al , p. m.
Senior League at $50 m; pgeach
ing at 1880 o'clock PRAYER meetin ;
each Wednesday evening.
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1914-03-22
MOUND CITY

All the regular services VIII he
held 1t the CONGREGATIONAL cAur'l
next Sunday. Morning worship eel
.1O:45 ocl,ck. Theme Of -erm-n.
How the Pew May Help the Pulpit,
Evening worship at $50 o'clock.
Subject Of sermon The Indispensable
Prayer for Everyone \ cordial
welcome to all. Rev. n. Washington
Burton, pastor.
]. w. Painter is quits i'll at Ia
home west of the city He has been
confined TO his bed with j1undicc TIE
past week
Harry LAWYER has bought the Z,
&c. restaurant equipment in the
Neadstino building and opened t9e
restaurant for Business THURSDAY 3.
c. Buckley, the former owner, lett
Thursday night for Salt Lake CIV
where ne will locate.
Mrs. Asnes Meyer and son Can.
and Miss Lena Westcrman left Fri
day for st. Louis on n shopping ,ou:.
They will also visit friends thcre.
Mr.. and Mrs. Peter ZeHer and
children OF Holloway. Ky. pen,
Saturd ly with rAis. Belle piapd and
family of Poplar street. A pretty
wedding was solcmnized at the home
of Mr.. and Mrs. zener last Sunday
afternoon at five O'Clock when Miss
ammo now ms ana .am.,e. ,.......
forc we're n,ar,,,1 The voupg connie
arc ap.nli. ta.iy hen 97l It 81
80
G II. More Of K.-y7,, vas in tie
! cit. Friday on busioc.-
gc5n Johnson or O,r,-t-d tr9nsao.-
Cd tr.'aoee to-e Fridav
Horn and family na.a moved
fvrr fo1-r-av +, .P7-ior- Ky.
Pert Slccrmh who sYont the viii
FOR with bie da,ahtr, Mr. wi,nan,
! AehbaYoh loft tbie voak for D,nvc~
colo whore NO viii rnioin t,o Soils
Flrto show ccrnanv which will he
gin ifs seasons to,r soon
"r,r.,-alit portv was oivon Ia,
c,vhia richbnrn Wnnifrcd crs.,,r,
land Anna Magdalinc SnoIton AZ tbr
ho.-a IF ccabia ri,bhorn op Mai,
,troat 7ridav ovo,jr.. oor,,li.,c ,,...,,
to AIota and Iris FinIev who Will
leave .oon for Irrn,iIt3n. 0hih whoIs
/ ~, .r,
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1914-03-22
calvation Army.

Hall 1l06 Washington avenue.
iIoars of service: Week days, open
air. $50 p. M; Sundays. open air.
1890 -. m. ESQ p. m; 1:l5 p. m;
at hall II a. m; 1889 p. m; $3.50
=. m. and s p. m. All are welcome.
Capt. and Mrs. Giberaon, officers in
charge.
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1914-03-22
st. Patrick's Catholic Church.

Father James Downey, pastor.
Regular hours of service: First
mass ard sermon, 5 o'clock; higk
mass 10 o'clock; Sunday school
o'clock; vespers and benedlction o,
S O'Clock.
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1914-03-22

not only is absolutely accurate but
that it saves from IS to 20 percent
IN time. No matter how many col
umn3 CT figures are to be placed IL
the loose leaf ledger sheets which are
used, he machine stops automatic
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1914-03-22
BIT. Michael's Episcopal
Services at 10 and II a. m.
THOMAS DYKE, Priest.
First Christian,

I II 81 VIIl Iot.C.H'
Corner Sixteenth and Poplar
streets.
Rev. c. NJ Arthur, pastor Resi-
deuce 2&2 Sixteenth street.
Bible School at 10 a. m. Preaching
at II a. m. followed with the com
munion.
M9rnig subject, The Kingdom
Il Christ, The pastor mas not de
cided on ais subject for the evening
sermon.
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1914-03-22
st. Joseph Catholic Church.

Corner of Cross and Walnut SIS.
Father James Gillen, pastor.
Hours of service on Sunday, mass
s a m. second mass o a. m; Chris
tian doctrine, p. M: Benediction
2:30 p. m.
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1914-03-22

Cairo is as proud of her comine
"Spring Style Show as il she hal
originated tho ,olored wigs witt
goggles to matca---an cnterprisinp
lceal 'nerchant intends to make =
big display of a large assortment a,
both for the occasion.
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1914-03-22

II you should meet a strange,
upon The street wearing a long fac,
complaining Of that tired feeling"
and having a bad taste in the month
you can bet the aforesaid stranger Is
from Paducah--this miserable con
dition is the result of the reg,,reita
tion of the Padueah sewer system
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1914-03-22
TELEPHONE ACHIEVEMENTS
Telephone Service of Today the Creation of the Bell Co.

In nc line of human endcayor has tho inyca~
tive brain of the scientist contributed more to
the worlds progress than by the creation of TIE
art o. telephony, Of which the Bell system is tho
embodiment
When the telephone was born nothing ali.
aogous to telephone service a. now know
it existed. There was no tradition to guide, no
experience to follow.
Tho system. the apparatus, the ucthods-aa
ehtire new art had to be created The art of
electrical engineering did not exist The Bell
pioneers, recognizing that success depended up
ON tho highest engineering and technical skill
at once organized an experimental and research
department which is now directed by staff OF
over $50 engineers and scientists, including
former professors postgraduate students scicn,
tliic inVestigators-the graduates OF over ~
universities.
From its foundation the company has contin.
uopsly developed the art. New improvements
in telephones, switchboards, lines, cables, have
iuowed one another with remarkable rapidity
While each successive tyre Of apparatus 70
the superficial observer suggested similarity
each step in the evolution marked a decided
IMPROVEMENT These changes, this evolution
has not only been continuous, but is confirm.
ih@. substantially all Of the plant now in use,
Including telephones, switchboards. cables ana
wires has been constructed, renewed or recon.
'trnoteG in the past 10 years,
Particularly N sVitchboards have frc
changes been 80 radical that Installations Co.'S.
ing in The aggregate millions have frcEuctui,'
hcen discarded after only foW years of us,
Since 1877 there have been introduced
tFrcs AMI styles Of receiver. and T3 types euI
STYLES of trausmitters, OF TIE t2,o0O.00O telc.
phone receivers md trausmittera owned by The
Bell Company January T. 1914. mono were in
nsc rIior to 1912, while the average age is less
than live years.
Within 10 years VIC have expended for con
struCton and reconstruction an amount nor,
than equal to tao present book value Of our or
tire liant
Lons-distance and underground transmits
sion was the most formidable scientific prch-
len confronting ii" telephone experts
The letarding fleet of the cartA on The tele-
lhoh' current eleu impaired conversation
thiouFh one nile UNDERGROUND as much as
through lNN pIts overhead ,,tgh.ad con
"tsai ms had it., distinct LIMITATIONS.
No nossiblc i"rrorcmcqt in The teleahcn,
iransmitter could Ct Itself solve these diffcui-
Ties.
me solution was only found in the cumuls-
tive elect of improvements, great and small
III te'erhone, tra1sa'ittcr, limo cable switch.
loaro ana every other piece e apparatus CT
faat required in the tranapivsjln OF speech
WI ie the Ha,it CT commercial overhead
talking had increased from strictly local +,
over GOO niles as carly as lS93, ii was nor
htil '5po thGt .ott c.GGt.en cc.}!d' he hsd over
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1914-03-22
NEWS DREv|T|ES
Underwent Operation.

Mrs {. 0. Ray Of 100 Twenty-frs.
street is at st. Mary's lndrmary
where she underwent a surgical
operation Friday
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1914-03-22

F; Ambassador Page docs not play the
testers part very successfully; here.
after he will stick to the usual din.
lomatic nothings" in his after-din-
ner speeches.
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1914-03-22
Church of God.

Service Sunday at 325 Thirty
fourth street will be as follows:
Sunday school at 9:45 a. m. Preach
ing at II a. m. and o'clock in the
evening. Young peoples meeting at
O'Clock p. m. Rev. j. w. Henry,
pastor, Mrs. j. w. Henry, assistant
pastor.
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1914-03-22

This is the open season for wire
Screens and gpring poets.
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1914-03-22

The more you advertise the buster
fou get. n Mr
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1914-03-22

ally al tho beginning of each colum !.
This is the Iirsi machine of the Kind
iGtr1drced in Cairo.
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1914-03-22

II yo1 want to Buy--Read The Al
yertisemc
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1914-03-22

iong-distance circuits of which as much as "a
miles was in underground cables. BY 1906
underground talking distance had increased to
80 miles. BY 1912 it possible to talk M
foreground from Now York to Washington.
1t was then that thG construction of under
ground conduits from Boston to Washington
was determined upon-not that it was eN-
pected to get through underground talk be
tween those places. but in case of storm Cr
blizzard TO utilize intermediate sections in con-
nectiou with the overhead.
Our persistent study and incessant expert
montation have produced results more remark
sble still.
We have perfected cables. apparatus anl
methods that have overcome obstacles hereto
fore regarded as insuperablc both to long-dis-
tanee overhead and underground conversation.
Underground conversation is now possible BE-
tween Boston and Washington. four times tho
length of the longest European underground
line. This enabled tho Bell system in the re-
cent great storm, 50 destructive on land and
sea. to maintain communication for the public
between all the cncipal points en- the AtaAG'
scab0drd.
Telephone communication is established be-
tween New York and Denver, is potentially
possible between I'll points in the United state
ana Ey 1915 viii he an accomplished fact .e.
tween New Yor.. ard San FRANCISCO
ln our usc vi sartbuis or a1poraiaa We aro
tuptu5ticd lo NO ono system. We own con
uo or have the Iight ~ use inventions neee5-
sarv to operate amy wst2m recognized or &c.
ccptod as thc most efficient The Bell S}atem
NEST always recogni1e, and IN its selection
must always Re governed by the necessities O.
national service, with its complex require
menta, which is infinitely more cXacting than
local CT limited service,
These achievements represent vast expeuGi-
tires Of u0ney and immense concentration OF
effort which have been justified by results o.
Unreasonable benefit 10 the public No local
cernanv unaiicd could bear the financial or
saiaatite burden Of this work Such results
ere POSSIBLE only through = centralized genera
staff. G1o.d;ng tasteful duplication Of effot.
working cut problems common to all, for The
benefit of all
Tho uianccra al the Bell system recognized
that telephone anryjte they it. was -
The hroadest sense public utility: that upon
them rested public obligation TO give the
ttet 0QSihlr serNlre al the most reasonable
-ates consistent with risk, investment and the
continued Improvement and maintenance of its
property
Without this expenditure of millions and
concentration of effort, the telephone art as il
Exists could not have been developed.
What We have done in working out these
great problems in the past should be accented
Is Cuarantcc of what we will do in the future
TliEo. \. VAIL, President.
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1914-03-22

Southern Methodist.
Corner Of Thirty-sixtth and lin