davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-09-26
CANADA'S HOG CHOLERA RE-
STRICTION.

Vaccination Of hogs is not permit
ted in Canada. A regulation of the
Canadian Government reads as fol-
lows: 1.-THE use Of hog cholera serum
or virus. being considered q source OF
danger, the importation. manufacture,
sale or use Of such serum or virus is
prohibited"
The regulations for the admission
Of hogs into Canada from the United
States are very strict. Hogs that
have been vaccinated by the double
method can not be admitted Hogs
coming from localities In which there
has been cholera within the past six
months are refused entrance. Hogs
which are not excluded for these rea-
sons are held in quarantine for one
month at the Canadian border before
being allowed to go to their destina-
tion.-H. Preston Hoskins.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-09-26
PROBLEM OF GROWING FINELY COLORED APPLES

One Of the greatest problems con-
fronting the apple grower is how to
get color in his fruit: where the or
chard is cultivated color is too dull.
We may some day know more about
It. find that few kinds will color
we'll naturally when under tillage.
The Jonathan is an eminent example.
With Baldwin and most other kinds
the color remains dull unless they
hang until fully ripe; even then there
must be plenty Of sunshine. find
that color is added very rapidly dur
Ing tho last three or four days pre-
ceding the correct picking time. A
tree In enfeebled health or whose leaf
functions are in any manner disturbed
will grow highly colored fruit but
these are conditions that we naturally
do not want. I will cite az a notable
illustration a Northern Spy crop that
I grew two years ago. The trees
were very vigorous and under cult
walton. They received two drench-
ings Of strong solution Of ume-sul-
phur Just before budding time; the
first, applied during q heavy wind
was not deemed sufficient az We could
not DO good back spraying. A day
or two later the spraying was re-
peated with an opposite wind, and
they were overdosed, no doubt Of 1t.
The result was that the foliage did
not develop well. Fifty per cent Of
It never got more than half size. the
remaining leaves never became large,
but they had good color. The trees
produced a heavy crop of wonder
fully beautiful fruit of the highest
color and favor. I felt that 1t was a
marvel that they could carry through
20 fine q crop with this scarcity Of
foliage and that It would be such a
drain upon their vitality that they
would never recover; but there were
seemingly no Ill effects for these trees
had more than ordinary foliage and
growth last year.
Would this serve as a hint? Can
we get fine color through the means
OF lime-sulphur in the manner de-
scr1bed? It might be dangerous to
put through such an experiment in
a Wholesale way but would like to
know moro about it.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-09-26

limited period. However, color Is the
thing to strive for and it may some
times pay to take a little risk in wait
ing for more maturity. I feel that
much can be done in this way to i'm
prove the selling qualities Of apples.
The grower who has few of the
IN the natural order Of ripening has
an advantage: he has a more extended
picking season.
make a close study Of the exact
time Of maturity of the various kinds
and aim to gather each kind as near
ly as possible at this precise period.
Our spraying operations are most
thoroughly done and in consequence
San Jose scale and codling moth are
having pretty hard struggle for life
in our orchards. Our worst insect
disturber is the aphis and we have
not done much Of importance to-
wards its control. The leaf roller,
the red bug and the apple scab fungus
In our particular section have not as
yet given us any serious trouble.
When they come the work will be
much harder. We fully realize that
these and other bad things may reach
US at any time and are watchful. The
fruit grower must be ready at a mo-
ment's notice to meet his enemies. It
is never in any case plain sailing as
In the old days when the markets
were less critical and any sort Of an
apple would do; and the man who
now comes out winner by producing
q crop Of perfect apples either must
have q marvellous lot Of natures as
slstance, or must be good fighter.
1t is not alone matter Of knowing.
but Of doing.
In the matter Of picking apples
It Is difficult to explain and describe
when the time has arrived that an
apple has acquired all the perfection
that nature can give 1t. It is some
what matter Of feeling. Yet there
are signs which may be read by an
expert and I believe that It Is rather
a matter Of hours than Of days. Some
have said that an apple IS ripe
enough to pick when the seeds are
black; but that Is not altogether true.
Watch the coloring process: It Is very
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-09-26

With the tendency toward IN
creased prices on all kinds OF
feeds and with the increased at
tention to the business side OF farm
Ing, the economical maintenance OF
mature work mules has become an
important problem on many farms IN
the states where mules are USED. IL
has been the custom to maintain
mules on various rations consisting
of oats, corn, timothy hay and per-
haps some other common feedstuns.
These have been feed in varying guam
titles and combinations. Corn has
been used extensively as grain ra-
ton. Many students of animal nutri-
ton have given the matter consider
alton and have recommended less
extensive use Of corn and an addition
of an increased portion of oats and
other feedstuffs.
It has been a prevalent opinion
that oats is q better feed than corn
for horses and mules. Various argu-
ments have been presented as proof
of this statement, yet the fact remains
that corn constitutes a great portion
of the feed given to mature work ami
mails. The protein content Of oats
and the mineral content together with
the physical condition Of the oats as
q feed have all been cited as reasons
for the efficiency of oats. It has been
suggested that q mixture Of oats and
corn for work mules would be q more
satisfactory ration than either oats
or corn alone. To determine these
points experiments covering a period
Of two years were made at the Mis-
souri, station. It was the plan Of the
experiment to feed two lots of mules
the grain ration received by one
being oats while corn alone should be
given to the other. The roughage
consisted Of mixed clover and timothy
hay. BY this method. data has been
collected which makes possible tho
following comparison Of the two ra-
tons for mules:
Mules receiving corn and hay MAIN
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-09-26

cfates this extra effort. This wiping
should be done Immediately after pick
Ing, on account of the sweat or oil
that may gather on the surface Of the
fruit rendering wipine practically i'm
possible.
The fruit should be carefully culled
er, because flrst-class packing can not
be done If It must be graded and sort
ed at the same time. This as we'll
as the wiping of the apples and pears
may be done as soon as the fruit Is
brought from the orchard and then
placed in packing boxes for storing,
until packing begins.
Quite a large number Of growers
pile their fruit in bins, but this is very
detrimental indeed. 1t. admits of a
great deal more sweating due to poor
ventilation, and also Of considerable
bruising in handling.
It Is very commendable feature
that many growers are using q l1tho-
graph instead OF the old method Of
having an ink stamp on the end Of
the package. Another plan which
should be followed is to stamp on the
other end of the box the number Of
peaches or pears or apples which 1t
contains. as we'll as the number Of
tiers.
The writer believes that better grad
ing can be done If, instead Of packing
the fruit on side benches where the
fruit Is packed from single boxes. the
packers had a large amount Of fruit
to pick from. This would mean a
modification OF the benches or else
the adoption Of tables. Certain 1t Is
that better grading can be done from
large quantities than from small ones.
The packing of any fruit is largely
matter Of experience. There are
certain principles which apply to all
fruits. though more care must be ex-
ercised with some varieties than with
others.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-09-26
HOW CHINCH BUG INVASION MAY BE CONTROLLED

Warm, dry weather IL favorable to
chinch bug increase, and the weather
conditions Of the past few seasons
seem to have been especially suitable
to an increase of these destructive
pests. The present year has seen an
extension of the infested territory and
the damage In the aggregate has
amounted to large sum. The fight
against these insects has been hard
one. During the past few years much
has been learned of the history and
habits Of the chinch bug which Il ap
invaluable aid in destroying them. Mr..
H. A. Gossard, writing Of the work
in Ohio of the endeavor to save tho
crops from the attacks OF the chtnch
bug, says:
Each female Is capable Of laying
500 or more eggs The PERIOD OF egg
laying for the Individual lasts from
ten days to three weeks. and for the
brood from five to six weeks. The
eggs hatch in from twelve to twenty
two days, and the young require forty
DAYS or more to tecome adults after
issuing from the eggs. 1t thus 70
quires two months, or Few days
less. to pass from the newly-laid egg
to the adult condition.
The eggs are laid on tho roots OF
the plants on which the bugs are feed
ing. at or just below the surface OF
the ground; or they may be laid on
the surface about the bases OF the
plants, or in the leaf-sheaths OF
grasses; in short. in almost any place
where the surroundings are cool ana
damp.
The newly Matched larvae 1eeo on
the roots Of their host plants, largely
underground and out OF sighr II very
numerous they may congregate ABOUT
the bases Of the plants above ground.
when tho wheat plants are killed at
.-arvest. the young migrate at once
IN search Of other sustenanoe and.
when thus collected together IN great
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-09-26

Timothy meadows may be well-nigh
killed without the owners suspecting
why they are dying. A very careful
examination Of the roots Of timothy
is needed to detect the presence of
the insects, even where they are very
plentiful. The second brood Of bugs
rarely gain attention, because they are
developing underground on the roots
Of corn, foxtail, millet and other
plants.
In the late fall, about the time of
Indian summer, the insects commence
choosing their winter quarters, coll
lecting in great numbers among the
weeds, grass and leaves that are found
along roadsides and in angles of worm
fences, among the leaves lying in
brush. patches and woodlots, beneath
| shocks Of corn fodder. under newly
| spread manure and straw, under bits
Of board and stones, and beneath all
sorts of similar protection. They will
be quiet until spring. beginning to fly
about in April, unless cold weather
is prolonged until late. The appear
ance Of the insects will be scattered
over several weeks and the first eggs
may be laid before all Of the bugs
have left their winter shelters.
The insects fly considerable dis
tances and generally settle In wheat
fields, the plants being Of suitable
/ age to be inviting.
Either the cleanest kind Of culture
should prevail over the farm in early
autumn, all grassy and weedy borders
around fields and along fence rows
| being kept closely moved to prevent
the development Of suitable hiberna-
ton quarters, or else these should be
allowed to grow vigorously 80 as to
entice, in late fall, as many Of the
insects beneath the shelter as possible.
In early winter, after the insects are
| nicely settled or else In early spring.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-09-26

before they have wakened into ac-
ttvtty, burn over ell such retreats. -e
1t is impossible or undesirable to burn
over woodland retreats, the leaves and
trash on the ground may be collected
and burned II the prospective dam
age by the insects exceeds the value
Of the husnus that would be DESTROYED
by burning. II bushei or SO Of
leaves are collected and carried into
a warm room, keeping them covered
with cheesecloth, day or two will
determine II many chinch bugs are
hidden among them, since the insects
Will crawl out and show themselves
as soon as the chill has passed from
them.
be left standing In the field over win
ter as the bugs sometimes congrAgate
by millions in the butts Of these. If
the Insects are noticed under the
shocks when hauling to the barn It
will be well to take spray pump
and pure kerosene, or else Kerosene
emulsion diluted with to parts
Of water, to the held An another wagon,
and spray the bugs on the gr0Hnd as
fast az the corn is removed. Care
should be taken to dlslodge all bugs
from the butts Of the fodder by Earring
or brushing while loading. The gen
eral utilization Of corn fodder shocks
as traps would do much to amelorate
damage throughout a neighf,orhood
the following season. Do not scatter
manure in the fall. when chinch bugs
are abundant, unless the manured
field can certainly be plowed under
deeply in very early spring before the
insects have crawled from beneath the
s..elter and dispersed. After blowing,
harrow at once and roll firmly to
prevent any Of the bugs from escap-
ing. Do not spread barnyard manure
on wheat in fall, during chinch bug
invasions. for this invites almost GER
tain destruction of the grain the fol-
lowing spring.
The wintered-over adults are very
partial to young millet, Hungarian
grass and spring wheat, and if borders
of these are sown in very early spring
around wheat fields, they may prove
useful in intercepting many of the
insects from entering the wheat and
will certainly be useful in stopping
the migration of the bugs to nearby
corn fields after harvest. AS soon as
the bugs are about all collected in
the grassy border. which will be in
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-09-26
Pertinent IInpcrtinence.

A teacher in a western public school
was giving her class the first lesson In
subtraction. Nov, in order to sub
tract" she explained. things have to al
ways be Of the same denomination.
For instance, we couldn't take three
apples from four pears nor six horses
from nine dogs"
A hand went UP in the back part Of
the room.
Teacher" shouted a small boy,
can't you take four quarts Of milk
from three cows ?"-Exchange.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-09-26

such cases, realize more than enough
to repay the additional cost.
If wiping is done In the proper
manner it will not impair the keeping
quality Of the fruit. Severe rubbing
would probably be an injury, but if
the unnatural spots and color result
ing from the presence of sprays, ETC.,
are removed. this is all that Is nec-
essary, though If the fruit is to be
sold for immediate consumption, a
higher polish would probably be of
material aid since the market appre-
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-09-26

rapi' on the last days and when 1t Is
apparently finished 1t is not well to
leave the fruit long upon the tree. 1t
has probably gotten its perfect de-
velopment, It's best keeping quality
and Its finest flavor. 1t should be
Immediately picked and cared for: If
possible. 1t should be wrapped in paper
and placed in cold storage II wanted
in its perfect deliciousness and crisp
ness for the winter market. In the
case Of the yellow or green varieties
the signs are much the same and
one must learn to read them. al
though the color factor here is lacking.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-09-26

the fruit be picked ana transferred to
the box very carefully.
A few fruit growers practice the
method of using their packing boxes
for field work. The market demands
good, clean boxes and it Is almost i'm
possible to take boxes into the orchard
t. be dumped around, filled and haul
ed into the packing house without
getting more or less soiled. Hence,
by all means orchard or picking
boxes should be used.
OF late the subject Of wiping the
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-09-26
Pruning Blackberries.

IT is best to prune blackberries in
the fall Usually only five or six
canes from each root should be al
lowed to grow, the others being pulled
out while they are still small. When
the canes are two and one-half to
three feet high the tips should be cut
or pinched back two or three inches.
This checks upward growth and many
laterals push out. These-laterals bear
the fruit the following season.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-09-26

Farming at the present time is en-
tirely different from what character
ICED the farming Of our forefathers.
Drawn is no longer at q premium On
the farm. It is skill in the art and
science of the farm that wins instcsd
Of hard labor. or course the farm will
always demand labor from she farmer,
but it is the labor from the skilled
hand directed by the trained mind
that will best succeed.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-09-26

Some men have said they could not
bother to use trap nests, that 1t took
too much time. They have never
tried them, hence do not know how
little extra time 1t takes-and they do
not stop to consider that they are
losing more in the food consumed by
the non-layers than they would put
into time spent on the trap-nest rec
ordS.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-09-26
PREPARING FRUIT FOR MARKET

On the general principles Of picking
fruit, practically all growers agree.
A great many, however. are careless
in the handling, the fruit often being
needessly bruised. It does not mat
ter q great deal whether buckets, bas-
lhets, or sacks are used to pick in,
bat the essential requirement Is that
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-09-26

they may blacken the entire
surface Of large plants. such as corn
nearly grown So insidious Is their
work in wheat that their presence Is
often unrecognized until after the har-
vest, when the vast hordes Of insects
marching into cornfields attract the
farmers notice for the flrst time.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-09-26
BY 8. L. BENNETT.

fruit is attracting considerable inter-
est. and many questions. such as,
Does wiping inJure the keeping quail
tiles Of the fruit?" docs It pay to
wipe apples?" are heard at conven-
tons and meetings Of fruit growers
1t always pays to wipe fruit if~the
trade prefers. as they generally. In
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-09-26

In pruning grapes It must be re-
membered that the fruit grows on the
new wood Of the present seasons
growth which spring from wood grown
the preceding season. and never on
last years wood. The fruit is borne
near the base of the shoots. Each
shoot should bear from two to six
clusters, but only limited number Of
clusters should be allowed to develop
on single vine.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-09-26

we'll as did those getting oats and hay.
No difference in spirit could be de-
tected in the different lots Of mules.
Mature mules required three per
cent more grain and one and four
tenths more hay to approximately
maintain live weight when fed oats
and mixed hay than when fed corn
and mixed hay.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-09-26

Plant few evergreens judiciously.
They are always beautiful. They give
life and expression to the whole group
OF shrubbery which, Of course. adorns
Hevx yards and lawns.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-09-26
BY w. 8. TEATOR

that the orchardist cannot always
help. The fruit must be gathered be-
fore the storms come or there will be
great loss. If the crop is large the
work must begin early unless help Is
abundant enough to care for 1t In a
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-09-26
CORN VERSUS OATS FOR MULES

The mules receiving corn and mixed
hay did six per cent more work when
the number Of hours is used as q
basis than did the mules which re-.
ceived oats and hay.
No abnormal effect could be mo-
ticed In any Of the mules receiving
either ration.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-09-26
BY e. A. 1RoBR1DGE.

tanned good health and appetities as
did the mules fed oats and hay.
The mules which received corn and
mixed hay maintained their weight
slightly better than did those fed oats
and mixed hay.
The mules receiving corn and hay
endured hard work In hot weather as
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-09-26

The mature mules in the two-yeaf
test were maintained twenty-eight per
cent more economically on a ration of
corn and mixed timothy hay than on
one consisting Of oats and mixed
clover and timothy hay when corn
is valued at so cents per bushel, oats
at 40 cents per bushel and hay at
So. per ton.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-09-26

It is almost impossible to get
enough fresh. pure air inside of four
walls, and 1t is not possible at all to
keep the wholesome flush Of health
in rooms unvisited by the daily sun.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-09-26

Hens ought to pay at least dollar
year per head. If they do not some
thing Is wrong. Learn the trouble.
The sooner the better.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-09-26

II some work cannot be given every
day, turn the horse out in the yard
or paddock. Exercise Is essential.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-09-26

It Is a fact not generally known that
eggs absorb foul odors almost as
quickly as butter or milk.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-09-26

It's difficult for the average man to
live up to the opinion he has Of him
self.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-09-26

Aside from being the subject of
profane conversation. no man has
ever found any use for the mosquito.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-09-26

Boston and other New England
cities demand eggs with brown shells.
while New York and San Francisco
prefer them white. There is an ac-
tual difference in price due to colors
in these centers. The color OF eggs
depends upon the breeds Of hens.
Those of Mediterranean extraction
produce white eggs while the Asiatics
produce brown. AS a matter OF fact,
the color makes no difference
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-09-26

One of the great essentials of a silo
Is tight walls to exclude air.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-09-26

The crying need OF our markets is
for apples with their color. The bulk
Of the Baldwin crop does not have a
chance to get its color as it Is gath
cred too soon. and this is situation
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-09-26

WELL for asparagus bed is a
permanent feature, and it brings q
lot Of comfort to the one who has It.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-09-26

receiving corn and hay MAIN