davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Detroit times., 1914-12-21
HUERTA in HUMBLE
HOME IN BARCELONA
Says, "Pve Hardly Enough to
Live on, After Being Presi-
dent of Mexico IL Months

BARCELONA, Spain. Dec. Civic
toriano Huerta, lately dictator OF
Mexico, is living quietly In a little
dwelling with a small garden. When
a correspondent called by appoint
ment, at 8 D. m. TO talk with him.
the front door was wide open. A
muscular young man, one Of the Gen
erals aids, answered the door bell
and explained that the generals din
ner was Just ready. The reception
room was tiny one and the furni-
ture OF the simplest, cheapest kind.
-Four rooms seen from the hall were
empty.
The general came out Immediately.
He Is stouter than formerly and wore
new overcoat with the collar turned
up. as he seemed cold, but his health
appeared perfect
Upon the correspondent excusing
himself from dining the general
made an appointment TO talk over
Mexican AFFAIRS at the Cafe Maison
Do-e, one OF the principal cafes In
Barcelona. The general goes there
every afternoon and remains several
hours. Later he was found in one
corner OF the cafe surrounded by ten
or twelve men with dark faces.
cleaning eyes and turned-up mus
tachas. On the table were water
glasses half filed with cognac.
The party went into a back room
for /. greater privacy. The general
ordered more cognac. II was slow IN
coming and he vas impatient. Gen.
SIarez, Gen. huerta (no kinsman OF
the former DICTATOR. and Col. Chaves
were among the six generals and
three colonels of the party-all young
men and extremely deferential. When
Huerta took a cigar from his pocket
two or three lit matches and held
them toward him. Two Of Gen. Huer-
ta's sons were also there.
What do you think OF the Mexican
The Detroit times., 1914-12-21

Gals by public service corporations,
we would not have TO live down the
'black-eye' that the company has TO-
day"
This statement came from the man
who has charge of 2,OOe--opsrators In
San Francisco.
Strange as 1t may sound con-
tinued this official. I'VE are trying TO
give the public square deal now De-
cause experimentation and expen-
sive experience, TOBIAS taught us
that honesty is the best policy in bus
mess. We are seeking the confidence
OF the public and TO prove II have
thrown our exchange Offices open to
the inspection OF the public; We vel
come visitors at the central Offices.
The Detroit times., 1914-12-21

We give our girls square deal
now because 10 pays In dollars and
cents The secret OF success In the
telephone business Is service. And
you can't get service with discon.
tented telephone operators.
Two years ago one-sixth or the
switchboard employees had been with
US less than three months that
means they were green-one-sixth OF
the public's servants Today the per
centage is less than one-twentieth and
is decreasing all the time.
Our aim is TO ultimately eliminate
the transient telephone girl; that Is.
the fiy-by-night' operator. She does
service no good. Our treatment OF
our women employees has resulted in
The Detroit times., 1914-12-21

do you intend to return to Mex
icoi"
mo. do not wish to return ] lelt
the command In the hands OF Caroa'
jal, In order that ] might not be
hlndrnnce to the pacincation OF my
country and that It might be seen that
l was not seeking personal advantage
shall not return unless my country
should need me az soldier. not as
president IL my country were threat
ened. then. yes"
The Detroit times., 1914-12-21

situation," the correspondent asked.
"A letter just received by one OF my
aides says houses are being sacked,
highwaymen pillage everywhere. no
one or thing Ia safe. There is burn
Ing. robbing and numbering, No one
respects CarranEa. There IL neither
order nor authority. Bandits have
taken possession OF my property
that N or my wife's. for have moth
ing.
II have never seen Gen. Gutierrez.
He used 10 be miner and had In
Mexico City rather unpretentious
supply store. He brbed the assembly
and II named him provisional pEesi-
dent. He probably will last 10 days.
Rsscals have got hold OF the money
and are masters OF the situation.
The Detroit times., 1914-12-21
STRIKES A MATCH AND
HIS TROUSERS BLOW UP

PORT CLINTON. o., Dec. 2l.-If
you struck match on your trousers.
still damp with gasoline you had used
to remove a grease spot. and the most
obvious thing in the world happened.
would you have the presence OF mind
10 hunt up a river and jump into 1t?
Well. anyway, that's just what
David Bosler did.
All these things happened to Bosler
here. He's still living, but possesses
painful burns, a threatened cold and
not much more than the grease spot
OF the once highly valued trousers
The Detroit times., 1914-12-21
MEN
ARE IN TIGHT RACE

At the end OF the first lap of the
Interstate Three-Cushion Billiard
leoeue schedule Charles NORM. Of
Chicago, is at the top OF the stand
Ing column, one full game ahead Of
his nearest competitor, John King.
or Kansas city. Martin Maley. OF De-
troit, is in sole possession OF third
place and only a half a game behind
King. Five players, Ksckhefer, OF
Milwaukee,; Ellis. OF Cleveland;
Keogh, of Rochester; Cullen, OF Buff
falo, and McCourt, OF Pittsburgh, are
now tied for fourth place and right
at the heels OF Maley.
The Detroit times., 1914-12-21

Astronomers in the Carothers OBJ
servatory at Houston. Tex. report a
new method OF observing sun spots
without the aid OF a telescope. as fol-
lows: II images of the sun be formed
through clean cut round holes OF
proper size in darkened room at
sufficient distance from the aperture
and cast upon clean white paper or
cardboard, sun spots OF ordinary size
may be readily seen. on the image.
This method would enable amateurs
to note the progress OF the spots
across the solar disk,
Detroit Times Job Printing DEPART
vu~nt-Mafu
The Detroit times., 1914-12-21
Toledo Times Publisher Drops Dead

oIedo Times FubtTsHcf OTops Ucdu
TOLEDO. o., Dec. 21.--George w.
Dun, publisher OF the Toledo Times,
dropped dead in HIS Office here this
afternoon. cath was due TO apoplexy.
Dun was formerly business manager
and part owner OF the Columbus Citi-
zen
The Detroit times., 1914-12-21
RgsT ROOM OF PACIFIC TELEPHONE SAN FRANclsc

bringing home girls into the service.
At the present time nine out OF 10 OF
our operators live at home. That's
what we are striving for. II means
that the enormous payroll OF the teie-
phone company stays In San Fran
cisco-the city which has more phones
per hundred people than any other
city In the world! 1t means, also.
that the girls have not only the pro-
lection OF the company but the In
fiuence OF the home as well. And II
means that they are satisfied. And
satisfied operators mean good SER
vice, and good service means more
business.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-06-24
GOSSIP OF WALL STREET.
Pa n ha n,llr Dividends.

The Panhandle directors will mcet to-
day to take action on the common and
preferred dividends. In March these divi-
dends were reduced on account OF poor
earnings. II IL known that the business
OF the roads I'm this section has not i'm
proved since and 1t n suspected that the
Panhandle has been making poor weather
of II. Under these circumstances II Ia
not unlikely that the road has earned
much more than ats nxed charges and
that tho mana cement may consider q
further cut in the dividends, and possibly,
SO far as the common IL concerned. a
temporary suspension in payments The
common stock declined four points and
the preferred one point In anticipation OF
action along these lines. There might
have been more selling OF these stocks by
the trading element except for the now
general recognition that they afford All
extremely poor medium for speculative
sales The experience OF several traders
who took the short side on the break fol-
lowing the March reduction IL fresh In
the memory. on that occasion everybody
sold apparently except tho stockholders.
The price was forced down to 20. Tho
next sale was at IS and from then on the
shorts covered as best they could. The
stocks and the remainder 10 very closely
held The market Is. therefore n danger
ously narrow one
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-06-24
BUSINESS TROUBLES.


NORRIS LESSER. salesman. asa West
st. Gallen Manufacturing Company, iaces,
and a paftner In the nrm OF :. 8. Lesser
liabilities. fiNse0; assets consist OF 100
shares OF the 81. Gallen Manufacturing
Company OF no value and gold ring
worth 800. for which he claims exemp-
SOLOMON DE wALLTEARss, real estate
suctioneer and appraiser, 1873 Broadway,
who resides In the San Reno Hotel, filed
petition in bankruptcy liabilities. Sib.-
ship In the Real Estate Auctioneers As
ISOLATION. 5000 accounts for services as
appraiser. ~ AIS: cash in bank, ,i2;
office furniture: $50, exempt. and paint.
RoRERT MownsoS' pndertsker, ass' Lsnox
liabilities, sss,s; assets. ,IS in sc
counts. He has been In business In this
ely for twenty.three years
street, filed a petition In bankruptcyi liza
blllties, slLeS2t no assets.
BRON FMAN 4 SHEINBERG---A petition In
bankruptcy has been nled by credi tors
sEsa,ns, Leopold hronfmsn and Joseph
Bronfinan . sheinbere. manufacturers OF
suits and dresses at las West Twenty M n
street They began business In 1909. They
made an assignment yesterday to Morris
IDA ALTscHULER-A petition In bank.
ruptcy has been nled by creditors against
Ida Altschuler, dealer In hardware and
house furnishing goods at lT83 Southern
boulevard IT was alleged that sho sold
sna rsmoved property from the place OF
WILLIAM sPlTz-A petition In bankruptcy
spis ef TBS FIRST 's sVsnss against William
MAX sriELVoGEL manager and sales.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-06-24

Conflicting arguments by the traders
made the market for Pennsylvania "A
rather erratlc one. In the morning the
stock was bid up by spectators who
bought II on the theory that the Penn
sylvania's holdings OF Southern Pacific
gave II the largest single interest In the
enormously valuable oil fields involved
In Mondays Supreme Court decision. In
cidentally there were rumors that the
Pennsylvania was already realizing profits
from that source. selling OF Southern Pa
cihc on the bulge being attributed In part
to selling for Pennsylvania account. In
the afternoon Pennsylvania was sold by
the same traders because of the stories
of further reductions in the Panhandle
dividends and the price dropped from
l12L to lli& between sales and then
to lil%. Last March Ia, points We're
taken on Pennsylvania on the same
reasoning, although the reduction In the
income of the parent company was some
thing like l-l0th of per cent. Similarly.
as on the former occasion, stocks of other
roads serving the plttsburg district,
notably New York Central. were also
under pressure.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-06-24
TO BUY IN RAILROAD COUPONS,
~. Louis aud San Fra ncisco Com
mittee Decide on Plan.

Judge Sanborn having refused appli-
cation to issue receivers certificates to
nay the interest due July on the 4 per
cent. refunding bonds Of the st. Louis
and San Francisco Railroad Company
the committee of which Frederick Strauss
In chairman has decided to call for the
immediate deposit OF the bonds. The Cen
trail Trust Company OF New York. the Mis-
sissDpi Valley Trust Company of st.
Louis, the Berliner Handesge se llschaft
OF Berlin and the Associate Casa OF
Amsterdam have been designated as
depOsltaries.
The receivers have Informed the COM
mittee that the earnings OF the road have
been largely In excess OF the amount
needed to meet the interest az well as
rentals on leased property. but that the
money has been applied to tho physical
rehabilitation of the property, the pay
ment Of car trusts and to other capital
purposes.
The committee announces that II has
arranged to buy the coupons and claims
for registered bond interest due July I.
In addition 10 Mr., Strauss the following
are members Of the committee: j. ".
Wallace, Alexander Y. Hemphill, Edwin q,
Merrill Harry Bronner. c. w. Coz and
Breckenridge Jones.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-06-24
THE CURB MARKET.

Trading was less active In the curb
market yesterday, except In tho oil stooxs.
and prices were heavy. Rock Island COM
mon hardened u to 10 and tho preferred
stock rose y to STA Tie rights wore
traded In actively around az Rlker &
ITegeman was sold quite actively ard re-
coded u to So. Maxwell Motors shares
we're depressed on moderate dealings.
World Film eased y to .. Tobacco Prod
ucts preferred declined u to s. and Ster
ling Gum was steady at 6%.
There was some Increase Of trading In
the oil division and stocks were under
pressure as a result OF the Supreme Court
pipe line decision. Ohio Oil was the most
active and receded to l73. with n suhsc-
quent recovery to 175. closing at a los.
OF points. Buckeye Pipe Line yielded
point to l4o. Southern Pipe Line closed
unchanged at 223 and Cumberland Pipe
Line sold at 81 and Sc. Standard oil OF
New York declined 2 points to 2i3. stand.
ard Oil OF New Jersey lost an egIa
amount and Prairie oil and Gas exhibited
a recession OF : points at $50.
transactions In detail In the market
YESTERDAY were ne follows
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-06-24
Chronic Ueaviness.

or the market leaders Amalgamated
Copper has been chronically heavy for
many weeks This heaviness was con-
spcuous yesterday when. after the dec
laration of the regular dividend by Ana.
conda. Amalgamated closed Mt 70is. This
II the lowest price for the year. with
the exception OF the three days OF the
war scare" at the end OF April when
the stock dipped below 10 for brief
period. There doesn't seem to be any
specific cause to which this unfriendly
attitude Of the Street toward Amalga.
mated may be laid 1t In recalled, how.
ever. that five or six months ago Anal
gamated was freely tipped" as stock
that was In for big rise. Columns
were written about the extraordinarily
strong position OF the trade even II this
strength depended solely upon the heavy
export movement. Including the talk
OF the possibility OF runaway market
in the metal all the familiar signs OF a
bull movement In the stock were present.
IL the heaviness now merely represents the
aftermath OF that abortive attempt at a
bull campaign the market should be in q
healthy condition.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-06-24
THE GRAIN MARKET.
wheat Prices Break over . Cent on
Good Crop Prospects.

Wheat prices tumbled again yesterday
and closed at about tho lowest for the day,
with losses OF Y to I NC. Lower cables.
rejecting better crop conditions abroad.
particularly In Russia, where the crop is
expected to be OF average Size and ex-
cellent harvesting conditions in the South
west Induced heavy selling which sent the
market OF sharply.
The Coburn report. in which a crop Of
1sO.0oo.000 bushels was predicted for
Kansas was another factor OF importance
In the decline, and stop loss orders were
reached on the break. Receipts were
slightly smaller than shipments. About
100000 bushels were taken for export at
the lower levels. The worlds Visible
supply showed a decrease OF 1913. 900
bushels
Corn held frm and closed at near the
high point for the session, with gains OF
about bc. Unsettled weather in Argen-
tina made for firmness. and there was a
better Eastern demand ror corn, which
advanced cash prices. Corn east OF the
Rockies increased $4,000 bushels In the
visible supply. Oats was dull, but steady.
closing practically unchs need after pre-
vious losses OF approximately Isc. RE-
ceipts were smaller than shipments Oats
decreased i,7t4.0 900 bushels in the visible
grain.
Chicaeo rrtces uer..
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-06-24
MISCELLANEOUS MARKETS.
Conee Closes slightly Lower-Price
Range Narrow.

Coffee was duh but steady Yesterday.
with little In the news to AFFECT values
either way. The cables We're firmer but
receipts were still heavy. Most OF the
sales were In the May and July positions
The price range was narrow. The market
after opening / point lower to l point
higher closed to 9 points lower.
The Havre market opened steady "a fr.
higher and closed unchanged. The
Hamburg market opened unchanged tn
Y pig higher and closed unchanged 10
u pig. higher. RIO No. 7 was un-
changed at $500. Santos No was
80 reis lower at $3.50. Santos No. I
was so rels lower at 5sO5O. Rio and
Santos receipts were $4,000 bags. against
$4,000 bags last year.
AT Sac Paulo they were 10000 bags
against 10000 last year, and at Jundahy
they We're 10000 bags. against 1900
last year. New York and New Orleans
warehouse deliveries OF Brazilian coffee
were 1890 bags, against 1885 bags
last week. Prices were
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-06-24
81. Joseph Lead Company slx Per Cent
Gold Notes.

honAcrs AEust NOuipuny, trustee unusr
Trust Agreement dated January 1, 1914.
securing the six Per Cent Gold Notes OF st.
Joseph Lead Company, will. July /.
1914. with the sum OF $3.50. 900, to be paid to
II on that date, and not otherwise, purchase
for the sinking fund notes issued under said
agreement 10 an amount SUFFICIENT as nearly
as may be to exhaust said sum. and II hereby
invites sealed offers to be submitted to Il at
or before $500 o'clock T. NJ. June 20. 1914.
At It's office. is Wall street Manhattan. New
York City, for the sale to II Of such notes
at prices to be named In such offers, which
oners shall be for ali or any part of ths
notes 80 offered. provided, however, that no
Offers Will be accepted which shall be for
sum in excess OF one hundred and one per
centum loies) of the principal amount OF
such notes, and accrued interest. Notices
of provisional acceptance of offers will b.
mailed June ss. 1914, to the makers Of such
the addresses dssiGnated by them .rsspec.
lively. Delivery Of notes accepted. with
coupons maturing July l, 1914. and sub
.ssuentiy :,tachsd. should be mad. at ths
o'clock p, ~, July J. 1914, after which date
'nisss Sx On sc TSIsr nSlss ~, os4,s
BY II. y WILSON. Jr.
Assistant fscretary.
Dated. May ~. 1914.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-06-24
SECURITIES AT PUBLIC AUCTION

FOR ACCOUNT OF EXECUTORS.
~ shs. s.elshipt Oyster Co. pfd,, Old Colony
100 sS; ; Atlantic; ,Guli 4 West Indies steam
IS shs, Atlantic duff 4 West Indies Steam
chip Lines common,
$50 shs, The Waubun 90. pfd
6 shs, walpolc Tire & Rubber 60, common,
sns wal pGHs' r TP or R Si Pp Co. p
Federal Trust Co, ctt of Dep
81 500 Teiepost Company CONT. ssrle. "a"
,r"r ~ ss . tT 3 / / p. K.,eh,m i. Coz
10000 shs. Stewart Mining Co,
1000 shs. Stewart Mining Co
:$$$$$$ a: a: s:ss+, S S%%%: 3:
5000 Michigan Stat. TsiepSon. Co, list Is.
$4,000 seat,,: Lighting Co. S" Ref M,s',
.S.. brooklyn Tru.. Co
Gold Mtss. BIDS. due January 1895. all
LIT sSs. S as.ansr t crSsSsp Co. ptd.
sS ~: ~. ssP PsSsyD T TrSs; CO CO pfd
50 .h.. Msohaniss Bank OF brooklyn,
s'! ssss 'ss.s IA. ,sssss.'"'D''' r. n, list
SCI 81, ME- M: nina ~ f Book i' Realty Co.
''', =, NV; "a; =. ana A, ii T,sS, s,s:
risSs. ~. sps ln. !. T. II sSa % '.s
S 1. tcs sat {. s: .sss ss 4. k ESes
IS 81. tnis.a Xinsns.' trust Co.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-06-24
TO THE HOLDERS OF
THE PITTSBURGH COMPANY

First Mortgage and collateral Trust Bonds
DATED JULY I. 1899.
Notice Is hereby given, as provided in The
Mortgage, dated July /. 1893, made by The
Pittsburgh Company TO Guaranty Trust
bonds bearing the following serial numbers
have been drawn for the sinking Fund and
will be paid at par and accrued Interest on
and after July !, 1914 at the TRUST DE-
PARTMENT OF the Guaranty Trust Com
psny of New York, 40 broadway, New York
city, after which date interest on said bonds
will cease; Bonds numbered 80 IS, ~, 81
and 2l5 The bonds should be presented
with coupon due July LIST attached.
THE PITNBuRGH COMPANY.
nv SAMUEL A, ROELOFS President
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-06-24


rIris
Dor Louisiana and eastern Texas gen.
.r.Ny isr to-day ana Tomorrow. lIsht to
south wind,
FOR -ui.tn Texas fair to-day and to-.
morrow
yor Arkansas and TENNESSEE. generally
a,r ana continued warm to day and to-
norrc-.
Aftcr displaying irreeularity with reln.
.v,y small price changes the cotton mar.
20, developed heavlness toward the close
and ended at a moderate net decline yes
.4rday supporting orders that were In
evidence during the early part Of the SEES.
ION were apparently withdrawn. Belsted
rscognitlon was given TO the weekly
weather bulletin. which reported the most
tavorable weather 80 far this season. II
Id been generally anticipated by the
,rads that this Official document would
Cad bearishly. but expectations we're
more than fulfilled
In this report It was stated that sho wers
had occurred over practically the entire
CENTRAL and eastern belts. afording re-
,tsf 20 the drought suffering districts, and
lIr,hermore that scattered rains In the
western belt had been OF benefit. Mention
was made OF boil weevil being present In
urts OF Mississippi, Louisiana and
Alabama but 1t was argued that there
VAS nothing fresh in this statement
The foreign news was again "A depress-
lng factor. Spot sales at Liverpool arc OF
small volume. yesterdays business
amounting to only 1000 bales. Late in
me day there were private cables re-
.eived claiming more unsat sfactory con-
"a
the Lancashire district and these advices
prompted predictions of continued COM
parative hcaviness OF the foreign CONTRACT
market,
Sentiment gives evidence OF being more
divided There ~ undoubtedly tendency
TO cur;ail commitments, owing to the APP
prJach Of July tender day and also be-
,ause OF the uncertainty over the probable
showing OF the Government report on
July I. Meanwhile there IL diligent alb
sorpiion OF the near deliveries by spot
houses. although yesterday this demand
was accompanied by distribution OF SELL
,ug orders In the distant deliveries for the
cams interests.
Estimates as to the prospective tenders
II range from 10000 to 10000. and II
the consensus OF opinion that the re-
turns to the Bureau of Agriculture Will
Indicate a crop condition Of from IS tC
-. which would be an Improvement OF
about 4 points over last month but APP
proNinately 80 per cent. under last years
,undtion as OF this date. The acreage
figures should be at a small decrease.
Complaints of high temperatures were
gain received from scattered Eastern
and Western points. These dispatches
.ufficed for a time to restrict selling opera
Ions especially as some OF the local
traders were Inclined TO render support
However, no aggressive buying was wit
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-06-24
Burlington I Missouri River
Railroad Company In Nebraska
Consolidated Mortgage
6 Per Cent. Bonds
DUE JULY l, 1918.

NOTICE Is HEREBY GIVEN THAT In
pursuance Of Trust Mortgage D-sd 81
ecuted to The New England Trust COMPANY.
Trustee, BY the Burlington a. Missouri RYE
Railroad company In Sebrnska, dated July
/, 1873. tho following G% a. rsolidated Mart
gage Bonds duo July 4, 1919. Of said RAT
road Company. secured by said Deed OF
Trust have been drawn for payment. viz;
Two Hundred and Ninety -four t29S) BouAs.
ii OOO Eacl mum beru.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-06-24
THE PHILADELPHIA MARKET.

PHILADELPHIA, June 23.-The market
was narrow and duh. The weakness OF the
traction shares supplied about the only
feature. Pennsylvania was In some de-
mand by reason Of apparent small In
vestnent buying. There was odd lot
buying OF Philadelphia Electric and United
Gas Improvement The summary:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-06-24
international Navigation Company
(N~ ssl,sd IstunalsasI MssMiIh MsIm csMpsD
First Mortgage Sinking Fund
SO Gold Bonds
Due First day Of February. 1880

NOTICE Is HEREBY GIVEN that pursu-
ant TO the terms OF the mortgage dated the
first day OF February. 1900. two hundred snd
fifty-two l252) OF said bonds. Of u 900 each.
demption by tho sinking Fund At par and ac-
crued interest, as Of August LIST, 1914. when
all interest thereon will cease.
The numbers OF the bonds drawn are ~ fol-
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-06-24

sales were J3,JoO bags,
Provisions closed quiet and heavy. Cash
beef was steady. Beef-Packet, S17.50m
SIS; family, slsmS1s.50. Pork--Mess,
$22GS 2250; family. s24ns25. Lard
Prime Western, s1O.45 refined Continent.
$10s0 South American. sil.25.
Chicago nrices vera.