The Olneyville times. (Olneyville [Providence, R.I.]) 1887-1917, 1914-06-05
BIRTH OF A RIVER.
How the ST. Lawrence, the Oldest
In the World, Was Formed.
ITS BED WAS MADE TO ORDER.
Nature Saved This Historic and Un-
changing Stream tho Trouble Of Cut
ting a Channel For Its Course From
the Great Lakes to the Sea.

CHdH8HB StIosH tHo tTobo'o w WV
ting a Channel For Its Course From
the Great Lakes to the Sea.
What is the Oldest river In the world
The st. Lawrence. 1t Is also one OF
the few rivers that did not have to
make its own bed and has remained
unchanged since the very beginning Of
the American continent.
Try to think Of time when the
earth was covered by mass Of water,
hot, steaming and often tremendously
disturbed by the throes Of a globe be-
meath 1t that was shrinking because 1t
was becoming cooler. AS the globe
shrank every particle Of the outside
was naturally pulled In toward the
center, and the hardening crust which
could not be packed any more solidly
than 1t was, had to wrinkle, sinking
down here and bulging up somewhere
else.
After time certain OF these rising
wrinkles, or folds, the thicker or firm
or parts Of the earth's crust, stood the
strain and became permanent ridges.
The oldest Of them that geologists
know and apparently the first that
bulged up above the universal ocean
and remained high and dry was the
broad mass on which Canada now
rests. 1t Is part OF the original crust
Of the earth, and we can see II today
wherever IL ls not covered by newer
rocks or soil just as 1t crystallized and
cooled out Of the primeval molten ma
terial.
This mass formed q broad V from
Labrador down to Lake Huron and
thence northwestward to Alaska. On
account Of its shape geologists call it
the Canadian shield. It Is the oldest
land known and apparently the strong
est, for there are no signs OF any eX-
tensive changes In ii Except the wear
ing away Of the surface) since it first
rolled the ocean Off It's shoulders.
or the eastern coast Of this prlmi-
tive continent lay chain OF lofty Is
lands about on the line of the Blue
coast and Nova Scotia. Between these
islands and the mainland was trough
like space that ran from eastern Que
bee southwestward to Ohio. 1t was
two or three hundred miles wide and
filled with shallow sea, and just out
side the island chain was the great
hollow that held the Atlantic ocean.
Time went on. For ages the strain
ing and cracking OF the shrinking
globe, earthquakes, sun and frost,
pounding surf, running water, blowing
gales, ice-all labored to tear down the
mountains and carry the wreckage Of
rocks and dust away into the valleys
and seas. In this w9y vast masses OF
rock In layers Of shales. sandstones,
and what not were laid down In that
narrow, troughlike sea between the
chain Of islands and the continent
All these "sedimentary' rocks were
soft and weak as compared with the
solid old GRANTEES deeply rooted on
either side Of them, and the trough It
self, sagging fold, was line OF
weakness in the crust. AS the load OF
deposits became heavier and heavier
the floor Of this trough slowly yielded,
and as 1t sank toward the heated re-
gion below the underside melted and
grew thinner and thinner.
That could not go on forever, and
soon the continual shrinking Of the
x1a hn nj nf
the weight of the ocean became ire
sistible. The Canadian shield was
immovable, so the rock In the trough
began to bulge or crumple all along It's
length. Gradually, not all at once, but
by slow and varying movements, those
folds were squeezed up. which in their
broken and worn down form we know
as the Appalachian mountains.
Toward the south there was room
for this action to be rather gentle and
regular, but In the far northeast the
trough was narrow, and the soft rocks
were set on edge, overturned and splin-
tered against the solid continent.
Very early In the struggle great
ETdCLuTe OI tue edTlu y CRUST oCCuIEtu
here along a curving northeast and
southwest line. II left deep and
broad trench between the crushed and
displaced rocks OF the trough and the
granite shore Of the Canadian shield.
Into this trench rushed all the Interior
waters Of the continent, draining away
to the sea, and the st. Lawrence river
was born! There, no doubt, 1t will re-
main as long as the earth keeps its
present form.
At that time there was no gulf OF st.
Lawrence. The land extended out to
coast line that stretched unbroken
from Nova Scotia to Labrador. The
present gulf is the result Of sinking
Of the coast region. Most OF ii Is very
shallow, but chart of soundings
shows the ancient river bed as chan
mel winding out between Newfound-
land and Cape Breton TO the deep
ocean.-Youth's Companion.