davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-09-20
ATHHOUSES OF ONCE GAY OSTEND NOW SHELTER REFUGEES

when Shakespeare in his prime, = sustained
what has been called one Of The most reriar.s.
BILE sieges record. IL is extremely interesting
to recall that during this siege the States Gen"
eral, the Dutch federation, we're assisted By The
English and the French and the other foes OF
Spain. Most of the town in ruins before :,
surrendered with ne honOrs of to Ambrogio
Spinola, of Genoa the Spanish general.
To-day its foe is Germany, but the case
three hundred years ago, England and France
are ranged alongside its parent government.
There have been rumors that the Germans would
turn far enough out Of their beaten path inso
France to besiege it, II so, it would probably sar-
render without resistance, since it possesses 70
permanent fortifcations. OF its ancient forts,
which saw service long before Herr Krupp began
manufacturing siege guns, has been turned
into a racecourse.
The town still possesses however, certain
strategical Importance forming one Of the eh;ef
gateways between London and the Continent. Teas
of thousands of Americans, English people ana
Belgians, have fed through it to London since
this war began and thousands of British troops
have landed there for service against the Ger
mans For this reason it has been suggested that
the British battleships and cruisers to be seen
living off Ostend's cleaning sands might take the
place of forts and dispute any attempt at German
occupation.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-09-20
Wheeled Bungalows in Which Fair Femir1iu-
ayUsed to Don One-Piece Suits for the Eyes
Publication Haze a More Sober Role.

better refuge. 0stend like Atlantic City like,
in fact almost any popular watering plsce-has
comparatively small permanent population about
10000 It's accommodations, however, are most
elastic, so that in summer and carly autumn 1t
comfortably care for twice that number--.if
they have the price. OF curse, in the present in
stance ;hey haven't the price, but it is taking care
of them just the same, showing heart. CON
NOR humanity beneath its bedi&ened exterior
And one novel methoNn he's hit upon of shelter
ing these tragic invaders is to turn over its bath
houses them, to be used not as lighthouses but
homes.
or course if one pictures to himself the little
cubbyholes il the hotel Easements with which At
artic City hathcrs familiar. even the slight
ly airer and lighter accommodations parcelled oIt
in the great bathing paviiions, he is not immelj.
ately impressed with the comforts which these
Belgian refugees are enjoying. He would rat.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-09-20
SOME ar he REFUGEES

When the Confederate States found themselves
actually at war with the North they were under
the enormous handicap of having to fight without
a vestige of a navy. The powerful navy Of the
federal government promptly blockaded the whole
seacoast Of the South and made the Importation
OF supplies difficult and hazardous. Jefferson
Davis saw that if the South was to last any
time it must have navy of some sort Besides
pushing work the few mcn-of-war which We're
in course Of construction in Southern shipyardS,
he issued letters f marquc to al vessels VII ch
wis ID % become priyatcers under the Confcd1r-
ate flag.
Dayiss plan to retalIate for the blockade
Of the South by preyng the American NOR
chant marine. At the outbreak OF the war a
large number of the finest ships in the world were
sailing under the American flag. The chance for
plies was so rich that many English cap
tains hurried to join the ranks Of the privatee:s.
Not only were vessels designed to prey Ameri-
can commerce, built, equipped, Quilted and
manned in English ports but they used these as
headquarters from which to carry their oper-
atioas. Before the over the feet Of
priyateers had become 30 large hat the Amerl-
can merchant marine was practically swept from
the sea. The three worst offenders were the Al
bama, the Florida and the Shenandoah. In all
169 American vessels were destroyed or captured
by prvatcers halng from England.
The United States made strong protests 10 Eng
land against this violation of neutrality but the
were ignored. The Civil War seemed to be all the
trouble that could be taken of at once, 50
that England for the time went unpublished A
soon as the war was ended the United StaAs put
H. a claim for payment of something over Sl9
100000 damages to the owners of ships and car
goes destroyed by the English privateers. A.
first England refused 10 consider the matter, and
il even appeared that hostilites might break ou;.
Fortunately, this was averted The affair then
dragged along for period of twenty years
Finally, in 1885, England paid over the whole sum
demanded. As far possible it distribute
TO the persons who had owned the lost vessels
III this way number of families which had beea
made bankrupt By the war were suddenly
stored TO a position OF wealth Supposedly neu-
trail nations are now much more careful about OBJ
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-09-20

1NDEMNTIES PAID BY DEFEATED NATIONS RECENT WARS

serving their neutrality. Such an indemnity as
that paid by England will probably never be nee
essary again.
Prussia, since her rise to power. has always in.
sisted on a course Of unrelentnS punishment for
tic victims of her arms. This was shown in the
Franco Prussian War by the terrible tax men,
toned above as we'll as in other conflicts. In
the Seven Weeks War Of 1856 Prussia took the
field against her present ally Austria Prussia
was then the greatest Of the German states out
side Of Austria, and had ambitions 70 become the
ruling power among tho Tcutonic people. The
smaller German states. realizing that the defea:
Of Austria would mean the loss Of their indie.
pcndcnce, took sides with the Hapsburgs.
After brief campaign Austria entirely
subdued. By way Of indemnity Prussia annexed
Hanover, the Elba duchies and the celebrates o;
Hesse Nassau and Frankfurt. The old North
German confederation also broken up and u
new one organized, with Prussia actually in con-
troll. This great addition OF territory made pos
siblc the present German Empire proclaimed
at Versailles after the fall Of Paris
Closely following the establishment Of the Ger
man Empire came the Russo Turkish War Of 1877
Russia won a rather doubtful victory over the
Sultan, but the indemnity did not go to the Czsr
himself. However, it meant decided blow to
turkey. he treaty OF Beflln, Whlch lOlloWed lhe
Russian-Turkish trouble recognized the indie
pendence of Rumania, Servia and Montenegro en-
larged Bulgaria and created the autonomous state
Of Eastern Rumelia Three small provinces were
coded directly to Russia by the Porte Though
Russias territorial gain small, she had
complished her purpose of weakening the Sultan.
Eight years later Bulgaria annexed Eastern Ru-
Teia. Serva became jealous and started war OF
aggression. Bulgaria victorious. No cash in.
demnty exacted but Servia was compelled
TO give up all her claims to any interest in the
annexed state.
The Far East the seat Of the next two inn
portant wars. Japan defeated China in 1895 ana
compelled the latter to hand over the rich island
Of Formosa, as well part of the Liao-tung Pc
ninsula Japan again victorious in 1905, when
yne fought Russia. The Treaty Of Portsmouth
provided for the ceding of Port Arthur to Japan
5ut called Tor no cash indemnity.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-09-20

family. Near thu centre of the colony num-
Der of stoves with long stoyepipes stretching up
above the roofs Of the surrounding lighthouses
have been set up. This is the community kitchen,
and here daily the rations are served and cooked.
which help a little toward appeasing the ravcnous
appetites engendered by the salt air.
If these refugees could forget the world trag-
edy which drove them to Ostend, if they could
forget the terrible experiences through which they
have been and the less Of loved ones and prop
erty, they might even get good deal of pleasure
out of this outing at Belgiums most fashionable
seaside resort. Ordinarily Ostends season is ut
its height through August and the first half OF
September Russian grand dukes, the famous
mistresses of Paris, the whole aristocracy and
plutocracy of Europe are represented in the elao-
crate hotels and on the sands. Then the Digue
becomes the gayest promenade in the world, nd
these very lighthouses which are doing such
yeoman service in shelterng the tattered rem
nants of scourged people hide the toilets of :he
noblest and daintest of the hemisphere. They
should provide, therefore, besides a clean shelter
in a healthful spot distinct atmosphere of pleas
urc, tonic to the spirits.
glance at the faces of the children in the ac-
companying photographs will show how this novel
picnic pleases them. Possibly, the days go by
and the Germans also, their mothers and fathers
will follow their example and make much OF a
lark out of necessity as circun stances permit
Every summer about New York people pay money
to live for months in much the same way that
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-09-20

rpposE Pennsylvania and New York had
(S Gov vea-s supported huge standing armies
r,sl finally one had declared war against
~ ns o,her. aSl Pennsylvania, the better to
). Nov YoYS. had swept through New Jersey
~ y -, armed hoy6es, And suppose any quaA'
~ - of Jsrseyites from the communities IN The
~ !, the troops. from Trenton nd Bordontown
F'- D-,.Dston and from the farms in between, mad
y - n. coast away from the line of march, to
,.,s,t shelter they could, say, in Atlantic City.
-. to-day presents parallel situation. Bel
l -. caught between two powerful and hostile
P,-hAo-s has bcea tramped underfoot, and thou
-. .rd thousands of her peasants and burghers
-. sed with rhs; few belongings they could
ave together in their haste to tn seacoa5t'
=, bevond the path of the German invasion,
e,..,s the ACavtc City Of Europe, is full Of
atn.
~ eoarsc some OF ,h5a, have s1vcd enough out
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-09-20

4 the interior wreck to buy accommodations 80
ae huge seaside hotels which crowd each othcf
n 0stend as they do in Atlantic City. But
rsster part are destitute. Imagine them, th,n
dshevcllsd, dirty, apathic regarding dumbly Tho
rest gaudy los;.cgc. facing the Dieuc. Ostsr''
noncaade, corresponding 70 Atlantic CITY.
Beardvalk And imagine them spreading out av
Il magnifceut beach va. ching the curf and Fee.
yond the dancing. sunit sea. blind to is Joy.H'
sskoning, thinking Only Of the horrors they haze
experienced and Of their empty stomachs. No.
ghsstly role that Of Q rcfagee camp, for brIg1'
Fieked. superficial Ostend
But in some respects they couldn't have picked
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-09-20
YOUNGSTERS
WHO
THINK THE
WAR
A
lARIC

is being attached which is to draw the vehicle
down into the water until its hubs are Immersed.
The point of all Ills is simply that the Ostend
bathhouse is little hut, with n gable roof and
windows, set we'll up off the damp sand on wheels.
1t stands in sun drenched isolation overlooking
the North Sea.
The Ostend authorities have driven five hun
drcd oc these improvised beach bungalows
back from the beach to :; little park from
the Chalet du Ro King Albcrt's aur:mer home,
and to make the thin floors OF tneec homes lit
tic warmer and more comfortable for sleeping
purposes they have equipped al! OF them album
dainty with straw. Each of them now houses
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-09-20

U,aIss sfs ~ tfsa tsssDe 'p pend the night alone
"a srs af ttsas rrr.ssf ha'hhoves, to say noth-
81 81 spsaafs tasfs sft} The rest OF his fam
U.s. Ezfssf f.. asfs hsagh ~ the middle of
r#-Fsr
Hs..... H.ffasHs,. .re very different
#H .r1E one who has wo2-
..t#aa H.srs bathing suits OF the
i3rsas. They amount
r .. aa hvsis. ~ least to lun:h
go "r-a ere enters them. drawn
pa. . ... aaars BE- ..fie Highi Il steps at the
tr.. urs ssFH .fa nata OF his bathing togs
aaa .fss a. Essn snock the roof. 1t is
the dr.., rssIitrg e1'h his whip that the morse
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-09-20

VA malady of princes he was not so
Wv accurate as would at first appear. L
may he the princes who are i'll, but
it is the people who suffer the consequences aad
foot the bills. The cost of the present war has
been estimated many times, bat when it is over
the losers will face further stupendous outlay
in the indemnities OF money and land which VII
be eXacted from them.
At the end of the Franco Prussian War, in lo'l,
Bismarci demanded an indemnity which stag
gered the world. Nothing of the sort had been
dreamed of before. Not only did France icSe
Alsacc and Lorraine, two of her best provinces,
but she had 10 pay in cash the itupendou6 sum
of 5OOO0O0OOO francs, $l000,0OO00O. This
vast sum of money was obtained only by the
loyalty of the French people, who in thousands
of cases gave up their jewery and sllyerware 20
help make UP the mount. The lost territory ana
hardships caused by the huge levy have never
been forgotten, and the defeat If the Kaiser VIII
mean that France will ask for return OF both.
Should she ask for interest oil the Sl,OOOOoV'O'O
for forty-four years itwould make an almost M
possible sum.
The cxacting of a tribute n money or lard or
both from defeated enemy is old as WAY
itself and there are a number of interesting 'N-
amples in recent times When the American
colonies acnleNeu tHelI lHuepeHNShSS bHSJ WIN
the ownership Of their own territory as the re-
suit Of military success. The biggest indemnity
ever obtained by the UAited States, however vas
that following the war with Mexico, in lS47. The
decisive victory won by the United States re-
suited in Mexco's giving up all claims to terri
tory north of the Rio Grande
No cash indemnity obtained from Spain
after the Spcnish-American War, but besides the
freedom Of Cuba tbs country obtained Porto Rico
ard Guam outright and the right to buy the
Philippine Islands for $2OO00,OO0.
The American Civil War brought about
strange condition in the matter of war indemni-
,es. As result of the naval activities OF the
South, England, nation which had had no part
in the war, was compelled to pay an indemnity
of over Sl9OOO,OOO to the United States. This
was because of an indirect participation u We
destruction OF the American merchant marine.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-09-20

London, September !.
~ He srg will receive short shrift in this wal.
Mover before has there been such mcrcI-
los unauimity among the great powers
10 WEAK vengeance or the spy. Never
'as the spy system attained such an oyershadow-
ng importance in the conduct of war as now.
The Paris Temps speaking of he spirit and
Hvaniaation Of the British troops, says there are
NO things in PARTICULAR which stand out-thc
complete oommssariat arrangements and the
quick way" Of the English with spies. OF the
alter the French writer says:
II there is one thing which hould like to see
'g chiefs initiate along British lines, it is the
severe way in which they treat spies. An inter-
Sster put at the disposal of our allies by the
Minister Of War told me that every person taken
the act or convicted from papers found upon
Ain Of having dealings with the enemy is instantly
shot"
Sparihg the lie Of a spy, according to military
'7lhOrities, is a crime, and jeopardizes the lives
81 hundreds Of thousands Of soldiers. A British
general is quoted as saying in this connection:
"You may talk about humanity, but in such
'''ss humanity is deceit. To spare the life Of
spy or to postpone judgment is a crime agains:
'cr own troops The spy may find means Of get
ing rid Of his information or he may recommence
rs work the next day early enough to advise the
'aemy. who NAV surprise us when We think he IS
AerepareG In such a case an i'll advised leniency
nay cost the lives Of many hundreds of men.
'''h thing viii not permit | am inexorablc'
DAY by day reports from the Continent show
nat these views arc held by generals on each side.
iHRRESCORE CARRIER PIGEONS SEIZED
BY ENGLISH MILITARY AUTHORITIES.
When the English military authorities seized
1'eeseOrc carrier pigeons few days ago 1t was
= occasion Of moment. 1t illustrated another
ae0ium through which spies are now known to
'''A TIE twentieth century spy is anything but
'''etscgar. for he is only part of a we'll or
S'aaed system. At least, this holds good of the
Continental nations
rfevOas to the outbreak or the war Germany
1' France were seized with SPY scares not dupli-
so IN recent years Many innocent persons
~ hei1 under suspicion, only to be eventually
unea loose. But it showed the existence in the
S.@ ne o. the European military officials of the
Prevalent. '', '''' 'P''' WIZ ~ ~
-. - long way from Nathan Hale and Major
l' 70 the modern spy. There are few who
~. " ever will know except relatives-Of tho
4, hundreds Of spies who have been shot
- me vars outbreak
~. twentieth century spy does not venture on
h.~s WIN his valuable papers in his pockets, in
SsG'Sin Ihe soles Of his shoes, or yet with any-
h !, "ehed away in the corner of his mouth.
eN,s o. peace, letters, telegraph wires and
h,.e the mediums through which he works.
~, - VI var it is different. He needs the car
ssn.,,s 0n; ne even uses wireless; the aeroplane;
t.n,e- ne can take a chance on a courier
1 MIA ne can himself deliver the knowledge
hs ~, Is hidden to get; and oftener he dies.
Is ~ business, he death toll Of the first
The war already attcsts.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-09-20

patches Of the day the spy shuddcrcd bit when
told he must be shot, and then he was led out, the
shot wa free and that ended tho matter.
The aeroplane so it has been argued, will largely
obviatc nc practice Of spying Az least. it is con-
ccded il may obvatc it in cases Of army move
mcnts. 10 longer would il be possible as in the
cid Indian story Of the American Revolution, Tor
ono of the tribe who rad been properly schooled
by resourceful American 20 tell the enemy that
the Americans were as thick as the leaves on the
trees a short distance off, thereby soaring away
the enemy. An aeroplane would soon ascertain
the truthfulness OF such statcments. II mas been
argued by numerous military authorities that the
aviator in times of should be shot, because he
was really spy.
Stonewall Jackson could have outfanEed the
devil if that worthy had been leading an army
The same is now said ABOUT the general Who has
an efficient fierce OF avatOrs.
The dread of the spy has much to do with the
poor reception of correspondents. especially
by the Germans. 1t has almost resulted in the
execution of several correspondents who ere
known Internationally.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-09-20

these Belgian refugees are now living, and It -
not always that their tents offer as good protec-
ton a. the Ostend lighthouses.
Ostend as a watering place is not much older
than Atlantic City, but Ostend as town and 1ea-
port dates back to the eleventh century, to The
time of the Norman conquest of England. As
early as 1884 the industrious inhabitants of the
surrounding country had connected it with canals
10 neIghboring towns Toward the close of the
sixteenth century it became prominent as the last
stronghold of the Dutch in the South Netherlands
In 1888 and 1856 it repused two hostile attacks
by the Spanards, and between 1901 and 1904,
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-09-20
GUARDING THE RESERVOIRS IN GREAT
BRITAIN.

It is an undiseuised secret that ali reservoir
in Great Britain arc closely guarded because Fears
have been felt that German spies would throw
typhoid fever germs into the water supplies OF the
big cities. Here we have the spy who not only is
after arv information he can secure but is me
diam of destruction. No railroad bridge in the
country is now urguarded; track walkers closely
inspect the tracks day and night. At principal
iunctions the khak-clad soldiers with gstenlnE
.bayonets end loaded rifles show the merclless way
in which spy agents would be treated if appre-
hended a. work.
Special constabcs patrol the streets of outlying
districts that arc travcrsed by important railroad
lines.
The iron band hat surrounds Germany one
forged by itself to prevent the entry or the nigra
ton of snies is harder to escape than it has ever
been, and this is the case with France
Thousands of cameras and moving picture ma
cBines were confiscated in Germany when war
was declared This resulted in hundreds OF Amer
loans being deprived of innumerabie snapshots Oh
an entirely innocent character But the Germans
know 70 exceptions. They we're taking no chances'
Sketches by artists, especially landscapes, were
seized. No campstool with legs that would uh'
screw was permitted to go through the ilhe''
These stools, by the way, equipped with mono"
legs so brushes can be hsndy carried apout III
tbem have always been regarded with susPlclon'
Shortly before war broke out a well known Eng
Hsb artist was held because a plan oil a iortresS
wa. found in a lcg of his stool when opened II.
wa, thrown into Jail. Eventually it vas proved
h. German woman that secret agent "nXlou'
TO make good had taken the artists brushes
ont Of the stools leg and placed the plan there
The artist was Their released. but what punish
ment was meted out to the ag,nt was not a'e'
closed. He probably was commended tor MS ''S''
lance. ''
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-09-20

? HEN Erasmus described war as "the
maady of princes he was not so
accurate as would at first appear. i
may be the princes who are i'll, but
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-12-20
SULTANS DECLINE SEEN
IN HOLY WARS FAILURE
Great Britain Working to Alternate Arabia, the Los
of Which Would Mean End of His Power
in the Moslem World.

have had more effect in those regions
Of Northern Africa with which France
is concerned. while two of the neutral
nations. Italy and Spain, appear to be
much more alarmed b. IT than any of
the beliigerent Allies.
Sultan Losing Authority.
In England the general disposition
is to s-of at the Sultan's action. A
holy war, in which Turkey is fighting
with 4 Christian nation, Germany. by
her side, will, il is asserevaretd, never
enlist the sympathy of the MahOme-
tan populations. which have experience
Of the advantages of being ruled by
other Christian nations like France and
Great Britain. The Sultan AS Caliph.
il is also declared has for years been
losing authority. "The Caliphate."
says "The Nation" sis peculiarly vul-
nerable institution. There have always
been Moslem doctors who questioned
the claims of the Sultan of Turkey,
because he is not descendant Of the
sacred clan OF the Koreish. and won the
succession. from a weak Egyptian
dynasty by right of conquest"
In any case, the tenure of the Caliph-
ate depends upon the safeguarding Of
the nOIy pldSes VI ~ dDld anu pioNlulub
for the security of all pilgrims who
visit Mecca. Britain has obviated. so
far as in her power, the possible fear
that war with the Sultan might bring
about dangers of this kind by declar-
ing that she will respect both the holy
places and the rights of the pilgrims
TO Mecca. But in the back of the mind
of the British government there are
possibly other plans-plans of a far
reaching character which may bring
about as great a change in the chart
of the worlds religious domination as
the war may bring about in the maps
of Europe's national divisions.
These plans, or these possibilities,
are outlined by "The Nation as fol-
lows:
at has often seemed to be ques-
tionable whether Turkey could retain