The sun., 1914-09-13
Official Must Be Expert Who
Is Well Acquainted With
Standards.
TYPE or HEAD IMPORTANT
In Many Breeds Character Of
Skull often Determines
Award Of Prizes.

questions of "A correspondent Of THE Sun.
and from time TO time letters on the same
subject are received. 4 dog Ia passed
upon by the Judge. who gives his opinion
as to what the dog IN worth when valued
In the light OF tn. supposed perfect dog
of whatever breed the dog under juds-
mcnt happens 20 he. aud AS the dogs IN
the Clas8 are rated ns they compare "lih
tho perfect dog OF the breed, are they
placed aud AWARDED prizes according ~
their merits.
The kinds of prizes or awards are first.
second. thsrd. very highly commended
and reserve. very highly comm, nded.
highly commended aud commended d.
Where two dogs compete and tAer" -
only on" prize one is siveo nc htst ano
81. other rcs.ryc. This reserve means
tat; IN tho even OF tIs frat log being
,iisqualln.d tho reserve s'"ns ~ 10 IN"
winners place. if H. 'dy CN.N classes
Wher, three chief prizes aye A"nrd"d ana
,,I" Of the winners is d..duil!hed, then the
beet o. the very hghly commcndods- tho
reserve duE-gp into the thi:d place. rs
tn does arc rated according to the opln-
Ion OF the Judge. 90 arc they given their
places In the prize and honor list. Scnre-
times an extra third Is given when ;he
quality OF the class i5 especially goDi, ara
furthcr prizes may be awarded AZ the
option OF the judge. or lie may Withhold
ono or all pE1Ltk II 4lt p'il' - A4AN wv, W
dogs az class are unworthy of that high
,ucri. which should h"ong 20 :rst prize
animal
All b-ccds o. dogs havc n certain valuc
and use t. and for the h-mau and i ~
according % tho utility of the dog to
man. and certain pcculiaHtcs belonging
to certain breeds of dogs tlat IDEAL stand
ards nave been nxod for each breed. II
,. Gpsltd 90 l.-sp on improving the brerd
n tosslble, always bearing ~ mind what
should hc and must he the occupation or
usc % tho dog as "A helpmcct or coHl-
parlon to the human being. The oeaut,
%: -" animal also IS key; In View aud
spund,"Ss and Intelligence also are IDEALS
of Tia. dog breeder.
In tlc hpolt, on dogs there will be
found 'vNat is known rs tn llst % points
and q sralo representing the value OF
'aosc points The most points arc given
20 those chdractcrlst!cs most no'nblc ~
every OF. ir a breed. For instance.
r,cr, body IL acquainted with the head
~ tho lIlldoe That - the chief charac-
, t.ristis of tho breed, 20 a great dea! or
prominence Is given 10 !: by thorough
bulldog fancisrS Tho man who makes
.ie bulldog h'q particular pleasure ana
study can weigh Up at glance the per-
rcctione and imperfcrtions Of the com
rorcnt pn-ts ur the bulldogs head. To
the ordinary person all bulidogs' head.
apnear alike: 20 The eNpert no two ara
tn. sqrno There IL the same distinctive
likeness IN each bulldog head as there IL
among human and 50 keen II tho cS-
per- tlat hc Is able 10 20 into rine
wnc-r there are a. hundred bulldogs ana
, actuail" pick out the most representative
3 nood among rhat nveScore. II VII he
/ found tha, :. is the most representative
head - weighed IN the uInd or IN"
Judge a. tue nearest approaching the
hend desert ned and duly valued accord
ing 20 ',s points IN the standard adopted
/ by the club.
The head ~ made UP OF several points,
including the skull. cheeks forehead.
,omplcs stop" eyes. ears, face, muzzle'
nose and uostr'ls. Each ana every ono
of these has IT, ideal formation, anu OUT
os the 100 points which would be put
, dawn to tho perfect bulldog 10 wouid
lr allowed for the skull neah ana nc
and Ia for the ears. II Is therefore rech-
oned that tho bulldogs head Is quarter
~ the dog. For the head IL the bulldog
..l,irf characteristics. M these points arc
borne in mind by the Judge who Judges
tho, dogs IN hi. head that Is 10 say he
doe. not put down on paper the nuin'N'-
,s,l values Of the points the dog happens
,n ros..ss He carries ali these IN his
mind. and mentally noting The difference
brtw.en tho several dogs as To their near
.s, approach to the standard he places
them accordingly IN tho prize list
When a person decides 70 pnrc7ns'
ID horsc ne always casts hls eyc owe
tho animal 90 its bad po'nts--'' pie",
ishe.. lie knows exactly where to iooE
ro. the iuperfc,tious. And so u Is VIII
Ito experienced Judge Of "A dog ne WI
tAK- IN at a C'aucr the impeftecNoll'
Of me dog au1 VIII look for the dog VIII
the fcwes; lur7erfe'tione. and that doi
will Win
I. can he generally considered tia
- ~. hrGfN
All breed, - dogs have more or less dls
tirctlvt differences IN THEW heads. y.
though dogs may be used for eNactl!
the sane work their heads often are az
rerent. Take. for instance. tho sette
dogn. Tho Irish. Scottish and EnklIsl
sfttcrs' heads are different In their for
nations Yet those dogs are used 70
nvor,ly the same purposes At gun dogs
I rho skull ~ the Irish setter Is domed
1 .1cae az the Scottish ar Gordon an
, I,l rliyh sCtters comparatively NAT tn
n .Lul's are unlike because OF the differsn
p rvres Of the dogs. and II II that type IN
p Judges lop, for and duly recognize "he
- ,nf, award the chief prize 20 tho do
% possessing the greatest "Ahract"rlStl' y
. time honorcd breed
= Nro,nrr Instance may hr noted IN III
= span,cl family. All OF 'heae dogs ar
70 r,,n dogs. Thev originally were hre
T. for tire PURPOSES ~ the sportsinen an
WcrD il existence long, lpnE beror' "
shotgun came into use The spaniel
\ we're par OF tho company of falconer
= and uctters 81 IA. past century as tie
d eye hc.ps - the gunners ~ to-day. W
"A q, fine ppau,cls are found dis'inctN
4: heads That of the Clumher lo dTerer
= cram that ~ the SUSSEX spanisi: Ill
- Sussex spancl Is unlike the fold 'T,anie
!. ,lc reld sDaniel differs from the cooke
= spaniei. Hero arc four spanlels Th'o
/. SHOULD have entirely different heads, T.
d experienced Judge knows the head r
oulred on each oH these splniels, and
Sussex or Clunlber head on n field snan'
:, or on "A cocker would mako that dlffc
cure which males the Judge pt once IL
;, eide on his action. lie will have "
" ideal standard IN his mind, and trustlr
v - His good memory he viii give II
J.. blue 10 the snaniel that most ann~oach'
!, the Ideal " one of the varieties Of sranie
- ,,,ortiOn'd
x THO running dogs such M greyhound
'o deerhnurds wol'hounds and whinnets, ~
:" looked over ard those points which demo-
10 spCed and stamina are looked for, II
~ truc there is q deal OF character or chr
a acter'st'c points IN the Scottish dcerhnur
u and the Russian wnlfhound. But II 9th
Of these old breeds should bf other tina
we'll made IN IT, limbs or n that co
formation associated with "lon2" or cour
ing DOGS then he will have no place alon
ie side Of the sound animal. Il Is tho dee