davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1914-07-16

and slowed away In the army wagons
ready to be set up at the next point.
Apart from its usefulness the field bak-
cry is one of the most interesting
sights Of big army camp, especially
when the mixing Is going on in the
big trays In the tent set apart for this
purpose.
How Food IL Purchased.
The supplies for feeding the army
are purchased by the subsistence off,
GERS usually after inviting bids from
different firms, or II the exigencies
of the case require 1t these supplies
are purchased in open market from
anybody who wishes to sell. They are
then sent to the main supply depots.
Naturally the railroads play q great
part in this department Of war for the
base Of supplies proper must depend
on trains to transport the greater part
Of their stuff. This is the case in Mex
leo today where the base Of supplies
Is at Vera Cruz. The foodstuffs are
brought to this point by steamer and
stored away in the warehouse set I'D
for this purpose. Each day q train
carries supplies from that point to
| Funston's men who are encamped be-
yond the city. Should this line Of COM
munication be broken 1t can be readily
understood what would be the result,
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1914-07-16
CU~|gYX<S an The
A2e 1%Me N9H
I2ODNIIe RzZL~o0z2

eminent fosters railroad building as
means Of opening up new country" Is
not an innovation that was originated
solely to meet the conditions In Alaska.
Much of our own west was opened to
settlement in somewhat the same way.
Indeed it was as long ago as 1850 that
stephen A. Douglas, U. S. Senator from
Illinois. and father of the system Of
railroad land grants" introduced In
the Senate the first measure which
aimed to have Uncle Sam lend a hand
in the building Of railroads. Ultimate
ly there were constructed under this
system. in our Southern and Western
States. total OF upward of 1900
miles of railroad so that 1t can be ap-
preciated that what is about to hap
pen in Alaska is merely q case OF
history repeating itself.
Unquestionably there Is as much In
centive to urge Uncle Sam to open
Alaska to the Americans of today as
there was to render the West access
sible to those OF generation ago.
Speaking on this subject recently Sec
rotary Of the Interior Lane, who is an
authority on the monster peninsula OF
the north, said: ITO many OF our
lpeople. Alaska N little more then 2
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1914-07-16

frequently murdered as well. Even
with these outrages General Taylor
continued TO pay for his supplies.
Pure Water An Asset.
Water for the army. too, fs On item,
for pure drinking water is an asset
Whenever possible arteHan wells are
drilled and the water thoroughly an
alyzed by the army surgeons. If the
slightest impurity Is found and none
better can be obtained all drinking
water is boiled, and the soldier who
fails to avail himself Of the use OF the
water wagon and drinks raw water is
made to spend some time in the guard
house and frequently goes to the hos
pital as we'll. The typhoid inocula-
ton has practically wiped out typhoid
fever from the army, but intestinal
troubles Of various kinds may crop
up as tho results of bad water and
lack Of sanitation. consequently a clean
camp, like a clean city, makes healthy
inhabitants. The average person Is
greatly surprised at the cleanliness
| Of an American army camp, for an
hour after meals not q vestige Of gar
bage can be found, as It IS all burned
directly after the men have finished.
It is at this hour that the Mexican SOL
der comes, under a Gag Of truce, to
get the "cold scraps"
The personnel of the Army Simply
Department IL divided into three parts
one for duty with the troops on the
field; another to care for the line Of
communication, and the third for serv-
Ice In the home territory. Each bat
talon has an officer whose duty It is
to obtain food for his troops. For
each regiment there Is q Comu1fssary
Sergeant to assist the regimental Com
missary. Each brigade, division and
army corps has an officer assigned as
chief officer of that unit.
1t was Charlemagne who first took
UP the idea of providing rations for
his troops and obliging them to carry
these rations with them-at least.
enough food to last for a time. In
those days, however, the modern
methods Of supplying an army were
lacking and In the end the men had
to forage for themselves. Hardships
Of camp and starvation during war
have killed more men than bullets,
and the United States Government has
set about TO see to 1t that such fate
shall not befall the men who fight
under the Stars and Stripes.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1914-07-16
with steamboats, that will open up this
whole river country.
VIII Provide Coal For The Navy.

One of the chief expectations in con-
nection with the new railroad In
Alaska Is that 1t will save Uncle Sam
millions Of dollars In providing coal
for our warships on the Pacific. AS
the matter stands at present there IL
little coal In California, some low
grade coal in Oregon and a better
grade in Washington, but the only
naval coal on the Pacific coast OF
America is In Alaska. The Navy now
consumes 10000 tons Of coal a year
on the Pacific, but in the event OF
war the consumption would jump to
100000 tons per month. Even when
the Panama Canal Is completed and
freight rates are cut in half this
would mean an outlay of more than
$9,0O0,0OO n year in time Of war for
transporting coal from the Atlantic
coast.
In considering the significance OF
the new railroad it Ia well to bear In
mind that ALASKA Is equal to one-hfth
the whole area of the United States
About one-quarter of Alaska lies north
of the Arctic Circle and this portion
alone presents the bleak and frozen
aspect popularity associated with the
whole Of Alaska. South OF the range
lQf mountains which lnarks .the. AXSQc
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1914-07-16
Sx20H 5SSOy IL N0STt
SIX0S3 O%e5<20H
RNoGKz7S UeH<22c

barrier there is a territory equal in
area to all the States east of the Mis-
sissippi and north Of the Ohio river.
which is capable of high development.
But the Yukon river. which drains
Alaska's great fertile basin, enters the
Behring sea at q latitude which pro-
hibits the use Of the stream as con-
nection with ocean-borne commerce
excepting during the three summer
months. Hence the need of the new
railroad. There are good harbors In
Alaska that are open throughout the
year and some Of which are only about
1000 miles distant from the ports on
Puget Sound but number OF these
harbors are, under present conditions,
connected with the interior only by
means of trails or wagon roads.
To sum up the case, transportation
has been difficult and expensive be-
cause Alaska has today less than 500
miles of railway in nine disconnected
systems, less than 1000 miles Of wagon
road. 500 miles of winter sled roads.
and less than 1000 miles OF trails,
with 5000 miles of important navi-
gable waterways which are closed by
Ice for about three-quarters of the
year. And this in a country COMPARE
BILE in size, resources and climate to
Norway and Sweden. No wonder the
government experts who have investi-
gated the subject have come to the
conclusion that the two great inland
valleys Of Alaska can never enjoy their
full development until they are
brought into communication with
ocean ports. Ice free the year round.
According to the latest estimates
Alaska has permanent population
not greatly in excess of $4,000 people
of which number something over one
half are whites. Perhaps one-half OF
the total population is located in Gen.
trail Alaska. tho region which will be
benefited so markedly by the new rail-
road which Is to be constructed at
government expense. This sparse pop
ulation In the region to be tapped by
the new road is due to the fact that
up to the present time the industrial
conditions h4Ya been sueb ~ to At
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1914-07-16

that Cordova Is the best harbor to
serve as a terminus for the new rail-,
road.
Difficulties OF Railroad Construction
Whatever be the route selected Lei
is certain that railroad construction,
in Alaska Is going to be fraught with
many difficulties and will afford count |
less opportunities for the display otI
mans ability to triumph over nature.
No matter what pass Is selected for tn OF
route over the mountains 1t means that
the steel tracks must ascend to an alti-
tude Of about 5000 feet, and there will
be tunneling through solid rock. Snow
sheds will have to be constructed tot
prevent the blocking OF the lines inl
winter by slides Of snow, and 1t goesi
without saying the powerful rotary
snow plows such as are IN use In theS
Rockies will have to be provided in
abundance on this Alaskan system.
on the White Pass Railway, which
Is at present the principal rail- tine,
in Alaska, rotary snow piows are re-
quired from November until the latter
part Of April.
The railroad builders will have THAR
own troubles II any portion OF the line
be projected close to a giacter mas-
much as tracks In such a locality are|
always In danger Of damage by AMI
advance Of the ice. The frozen condi-
ton of the ground which prevails In
much of the inland region Of Alaska
will also offer difficulties to the rail-
road builders. All bridges ana trestles
will have to be constructed very
strongly In order to stand the strains
imposed by snow and ice, and also the
rush of foods.
While 1t is, of course, impossible to
predict authoritatively at this time, iet
is the feeling In official circles that the
decision of the government Will be to
build two lines in Alaska, one con-
Meeting the valley of the Yukon with
tidewater, and the other devoted to the
valleys Of the Kusk okwtm and Susitna,
The best available route. II is officially
reported, for the first railway system
is that which leads from Cordova by(
way of Chitina to Fairbanks. whereas
the best available route for the second
road ia that which leads from Sewardj
around Cook Inlet to the Iditarod.
The first line would be connected with
the Behelng coal field, and the second
line wse2id tap the Matanuska coal
field. Eventually the two systems will
be tis6 together and branch and To-
cal linn6 will be constructed as the
1890 deYelQQS
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1914-07-16

some way of reducing the bulk and
weight Of food for military purposes
by drying out tho food and making
Il into tablets, etc. Colonel Maude In
his work on 1.-THE Evolution Of Mod
ern Strategy tells how he lived on
rations Of mixed vegetables and meat,
the supply for eight days Weighing
only one pound. "a single mule"
continues Colonel Maude, could carry
days rations for q war strength bat
TALON or a single wagon loading up to
two tons could transport thtrty-two
thousand rations, or enough for O
| cavalry division of two thousand ga
bres for nearly fortnight"
During the hikes made from time
to time by the soldiers of the United
States Army each man can carry his
own dinner and supper If necessary.
This Is put up In a little tin box and
consists of coffee, sugar. bread. bacon
and salt, but it IS doubtful whether
this would be of very much account in
real war, and in this event the army
would likely be fed from the supplies
brought In along the line of communi-
cation.
No Looting Allowed.
AS to footing and foraglng Tor food
the Japanese Field Marshal Oyama
handled this situation In a manner
which might we'll be copied by other
nations. Soon after landing at the
mouth Of the Huayuan River where he
made ready for the capture OF Port
Arthur, he issued a proclamation t.
the inhabitants informing them that
an army in the enemy's country had
the right to levy contributions but that
such right was vested in the entire
army and not in any individual. He
declared that any Japanese soldier
who took property of any kind with.
out the consent of the owner would
be severely punished. This order wa:
rigidly enforced. with the result thai
the Japs had little difficulty in gather.
ing supplies.
During the war with Mexico in 1S41
all supplies requisitloned in Mexico
were paid for even after President
Polk had issued instructions to draw
supplies for our army without pay.
ing for them" This act on the par
OF the President was brought abou
, by the fact that when our soldiers wer,
, sent out to purchase supplies many o.
them were robbed of these supple:
, by lawless bands of MeXicans. ant
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1914-07-16

Alaska, Is going to prove Wor-
thy successor to Uncle Sam.
w canal builder in Panama. From
the burning tropics to the frozen Arc
ito Is a long Jump and a sudden transi-
ton but the United States government
bids fair to make it successfully.
Il is no pigmy railroad line, either,
which Congress has authorized the
President to construct in Alaska.
Uncle Sam already owns several small
railroads. ranging In Importance all
the way from the 47-mile Panama
Railroad at the Isthmus to the CON
struotion roads" which have been con-
structed to transport supplies and ex-
oavated material at some Of the big
reclamation projects in the West. But
the new Alaska railroad will over
shadow all Of these, for It will be
fully 1000 miles In length-an extent
of steel-traclrsd highway which drops
a hint as to how big Alaska really Is.
This new rail system upon which the
President 10 authorized to expend any
SUN that may be necessary up to $685.
100000 has no official name as yet. It
is left to the Chief Magistrate to So
ieot q name just as It Is left to his
JuQk IuenL 10 tcltCL tIt TOute OF ROUTES
to be followed by the new steel tracked
highway which Is to mean SO much
to the future of our most northerly
Territory.
WIN Aid in the Settlement of Alaska.
There is no doubt but that this gov
ernment-managed standard gauge rail-
road. opening up a hitherto isolated
region, will do what no other infiu-
ence could accomplish for the speedy
settlement of a rich and promising
domain. Indeed to bring about the
settlement Of the public lands as well
as to develop the agricultural. min
erai and other resources OF Alaska
Is the specific object of the scheme.
And when the reader Is told that more
than one-half of all the unsold public
domain In the United States Is located
in Alaska he will begin to appreciate
that Uncle Sam Is justified in assum-
ing the role of railroad builder as we'll
as promoter in order to find ambitious
occupants for this vast territory. Ger
tainly It would seem better to open up
this region to our people than to let
them mako their way across the bor-
der to settle in Canada as American
farmers have been doing to the tune
Of 100000 year Tor the past six OF
eight years.
OF course the plan whereby the GOV.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1914-07-16
All Food Is Purchased,
Even In the Enemy's
Country Waste From
the American Soldiers
Table Helping To Feed
the Mexican Army.

W n AR to the mind of the average
n person suggests battles, cam
paigns, generals and SOL
w diers-all aiming at some
end Few analyze the ways and
means adopted to accomplish this end.
and still fewer ever give a thought to
the manner in which an army is fed,
and yet the Commissary Department
Is the most important of all the equip
mant OF the army. An inefficient COM
missariat may seriously impair the eff
fect1veness OF an otherwise we'll dis
ciplined body OF men, however capable
may be their officers or how praise
worthy may be their bravery and
patriotism.
At f1rst blush 1t might seem to be
o difficult task to feed a large army,
but the exercise Of good Judgment and
foresight makes It, while not a simple
matter, yet one which through proper
organization Is free from really Sc
rfous troubles.
Much depends upon what Is known
as the line Of communication, which
means the road to the base of sup
pftes from which the food Is brought
to the field. II this Is broken by the
enemy the army In the field can be
easily starved out. During the Mex
bcan difficulties General Villa has man.
eyed to keep his line OF communion
don always open, and on several oc-
casions has broken that Of the Fed
erals with disastrous results to
Huerta's men even though they are
used to foraging for food.
Helping To Feed Mexicans.
More armies have been destroyed
by starvation than by battles, and
knowing this fact the United States
Government will be prepared to feed
say, an army Of half q million men,
The cost of feeding such an army
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1914-07-16

AR to the mind of the average
person suggests battles, cam
paigns, generals and SOL !
diers-all aiming at some
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1914-07-16
The Government To IN
dertake a Notable En-
cheering Project in the
Great Peninsula g A
Worthy Successor Of
the Panama Canal AS a
MarvelofC Construction
Difficulties of the Task.

lNCLE SAM. railroad builder In
Alaska, is going to prove a wor-
thy successor to Uncle Sam,
canal biIider in Panama From
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-06-09
Handicapping the School System.

1t would he nothing short Of a farce If every
body on earth except the City Superintendent of
Schools and the associate superintendent were
authorized to employ the services Of the newly
created Bureau of Information and Research of the
Board of Education. That Is the Interpretation
which the Public Education Association places on
the pending bylaw of the board defining the funC-
tons OF this bureau. That is the Interpretation
which some members of the board place It, It's
wording should be changed that there could be
possibility Of such ridiculous state of affairs.
This bureau Of information and research can be
a very important part Of the Board of Education's
machinery. 1t is intended to gather information
for the Board Of Education as we'll as to supply
information about the city's school system to the
public. To adopt bylaw which would not permit
the director of the bureau to cooperate with
Superintendent Maxwell and the associate superin-
tendents in any line of research work would be
unthinkable 1t would be deprving the school sys-
TEN Of the full worth of its bureau. Some
members of the Board Of Education have attributed
the seeming exclusion of Dr. Maxwell and the asso-
ciate superintendent to the fractional trouble
between the City Superintendent and President
Churchill of the Board of Education 1t is to be
hoped that personal differences differences Of
policy as to educational affairs will be strong
enough to prevent the amendment of bylaw which
is so mischievous.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-06-09
A DEPARTMENTAL COURT
Also a Civil Night Court Is Demands
by a Reader.

To the Editor of The Tribune.
Sir: Your editorial on "A Departments
Court" is certainly conclusive In !fs ~
guments why such a court should u
established in the near future. ana 70
which may be added Magistrate Frescnrs
able and logical reasons. as expresses
by him in to-day's Tribune. NO mo's
convincing reasons should be needed a.
to why such a departmental court snooio
be authorized by the Legislature 10 DO O.
tablished in each borough.
In the last Legislature another un
failed TO pass, and that was bill for tns
establishment OF q civil night court y"
wage earners. to be open from D. ~.
to 1880 p. m, for actions at law prous"
by wage earners against their employers
or persons liable therefor TO recos"
wages in the sum OF not exeeed'ns ~
For the passage OF such law Merria -
Gates, jr, formerly attorney for tho y
gal Aid Society. claims that inc 'i'-s
wasted and the expense incurred py w.
earners of small means who are oouss
to attend day sessions OF the mumcp,
courts in this city are argument snc.s
for such beneficial legislation" Tho ~
nicipal Civil Court is truly the poor mS -.
court. and II should be open for nim ~
his convenience. TRIBUNE READEn
New York. June Z. 1914.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-06-09
SEC. BRYAN AND HIS FRIENDS
An Investigation of His Course ir
Mexico Is Asked.

To the Editor Of The Tribune.
Sir: In these days Of investigation IL
would seem that 1t is about in order TO
investigate the Department OF State-at
least It's distinguished head. Mr.. Bryan.
There is growing suspicion that his
championship Of Villa and Carranza Is
tased on something in the nature or a
deal. All along he certainly has acted In
their behalf In a manner to suggest that
he was obligated to a certain course or
action, no matter what the consequences.
II now the A B mediators. representing
the point Of view OF all Latin America,
6istrust his good faith he is responsible
for the great and lasting harm which the
conviction of double dealing will do to the
relations between our great country ana
the aspiring nations to the south Of US.
Every intelligent observer Is amazed at
the combined audacity and evasiveness OF
the Secretary of State in handling the
Mexican matter, and very many persons
are Of the opinion that it would promote
the cause Of world peace II some light
were thrown on the subterranean activi-
ties Of this professed apostle of peace.
Has he been handed a gold brick or
Is he selling one? Bring on the invesu-
gators. EDWARD ENSLIE
Stapleton. Staten Island, Juno 9, 1914
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-06-09
Mr.. Hearst's Boomerang Attack on Root.

If Mr.. Hearst wants to make himself candidate
for Senator he should find some better way 10 uo
It than 20 base his campaign on an assumption Vi
merit because Of an attack on Senator hooe' in''
is not likely to get him very far
This state has the measure of Senator Root anu
II also has the measure of Mr.. Hearst For thaC
Senator Root is in great degree responsible Inc
political memory of the average voter IS not yer!
long but it is long enough for most OF them 10
remember the mastery analysis of Hearsts poll
tics and performances which Senator Root, at fresi-
dent Roosevets request made al Utica When lIc
editor aspred to be Governor. When this 1or-ahd-
against Tammany politician, this viliher OF puohc
men whose policies disagree with his personal de-
sires attacks Senator Root as he did Mckinney
and has attacked Wilson he inevitably recalls all
that Senator Root, with President Roosevelt $
authorization, called him then That may be
good campaign policy. but Mr.. Hearst is too sharp
player of the political game to think so very long
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-06-09
The Coming Tower
JUNE.

composed especially for this spisot OF solidar"N
The roses are here, the roses are here'
The flowers TO us most welcome ana dear
From bush, and from tree ana clalhpeiins ine
They're breathing their gift of fragrance 50 hhe
No blossom that blows is rich as the rose
Whose loneliness beams wherever she grows
And sweet pure and good, in garden or woou
She is the fair queen of bright howerhood
So here's to the rose, the beautiful rose,
Fran ont whose dear heart such radiance flows,
The sweetest and best OF all natures flowers,
Born midst sun and dew of Junes merry houfS
MARY C. BURKE.