davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1914-08-08

the use and effectiveness of firearms. OF
which they stand In great awe. The
greatest excitement was invariably caused
when birds We're shot OH the wing This
was mystery which could not bc ex-
ulained to their satisfaction.
As it is always hot at Admiralty,
the natives have no conception of cold
as We know it. and when given pieces
Of ice 1t gave them the. sensation of
being burned They would carefully
conceal the ice in their canoes and
when. after a time it melted and dis
appeared. there was always great
discussion over this wonderful phe-
nomenon. Tho food of these ssvages
consists Of fish. tropical fruits such
as coeoanuts and bananas AND of birds
and small game. which theyA spea rim
the forest The fish are caught with
small hand nets or by spearing them
in the shallow water close to shore.
All these people are babitusl users of
tobacco and betel nut and every man
has his pipe and betel box, this latter
being made from a small gourd. Of
ten curiously carved. ~.
r. -r-.f'x
The interior OF the island is practi-
callr uninhabited. AS fish constitute
their principal meat supply. the major
ity of the natives live near the sea
and seldom penetrate into the interior
except in time Of danger or to make
occasional hunting trips. Community
or village wars occasionally occur, and
as rule are brought about by one
village encroaching upon the rights of
another. The fighting is always hand
to hand. and is generally severe. The
victors carry off the women and arHer
girls, who become the wives of the
conquering heroes
AS to cannibalisn, the fact was ELECTED
that they often ate the flesh of enemies
killed in battle. with the idea that such a
practice will give them additional strength
and courage. Cases are on record where
they have killed and eaten white men.
but only in retaliation for mistreatment
ilized race. At times they have suf-
fered severely from attacks by white
men.
The officers relations with them were
always cordial. for the former respected
| their tribal customs and treated them with
kindness and consideration. Later. dur
ing the ships stay, visits were made in
much smaller parties, and once or twice
excursions were made into the jungle,
where a sudden attack. would have
meant annihilation, but the natives were
always faithful and at no time show ed
signs of treachery.
The visit to Admiralty was of course
not complete without a visit to this
trading station. The trader had a large
cocoanut grove on his islet. which
yielded him considerable copra He
also exported native curios. and at
times found n few pearls in the oysters
which abound in the harbor. His house
was a miniature fortress and he and
some of his natives were armed a; all
times.
Evening star., 1914-08-08

Baroness OrcZy movers.
THE STATESMAN'S YEAR BOOK;
Stattatic0l and Historical Annual OF
the States of the World for the nenr
1914. Edited by J. Scott Kettle
LII. D., secretary of the RpNai
Geographical Society, etc. Assisted
by NJ Epstein. NJ. A.. Phi. D. fiftN.
first annual publication. revised
after official returns. New YORK:
Macmillan & Co.
This annual appears for the current
year in good season for purposes of ref
erence in connection with the present
war involving SO many of the nations
Of the earth 1t embraces all the usual
features. with the addition of matter rem
dered necessary by the Balkan wars. IN
admirable map showing the new align-
ment of states in the Balkan peninsula
resulting from these struggles is usefnl
addition. while another map shows Mon
golia. recently separated from the Cht-
nese empire. and n third gives a general
sketch of the proposed scheme OF South
and Central American intercontinentai
railways. Another chart represents the
public service wireless stations in differ
ent parts of the world. All the statis-
tical matter relating to the various gov
ernments are brought up to date render
ing this a work of invaluable importance
to those who are interested in interna-
tional matters.
Evening star., 1914-08-08

ment their confidence aud friendship
had been gained. they could never be
persuaded to show any of their women,
but at last they did allow some Of the
younger boys of the tribe to be seen.
These Youngsters were miniature re-
plicaS Of the men, and We're expert at
spearing fish and small game.
The canoes used by these people are
hewn by Incredible labor from the
trunks of large trees. and are from
thirty to fifty feet in length. They are
extremely well made. and have large
outrgger. on which is built q sort of
platform. used to carry passengers or
provisions. In time of war, additional
fighting men are carried here. who.
when the canoe effects landing. are
the first to attack the foe the paddlers
forming the second line of defense or
attack. Fully equipped for battle. one
Of the larger of these canoes may carry
about twenty fighting men.
Having established friendly relations by
frequent visits and fair treatment, with
several Of the villages. the officers began
to dicker with them for some of their
wea pons and other articles of interest.
They were willing to trade. but Uncle
Sans men soon feared that none! was
Of no value as a medium of exchange.
They preferred tobacco. bit would ac-
cept pipes. cloth and such triu,lets as
beads and small mirrors At first. d
beautiful spear could be procured for a
small piece of tobacco. but later they
demanded two or three pieces of tobacco
per spear or other curio. This business
acumen on their part afforded much
amusement. They were invited to come
off to the ship. but at first they were
chary in accepting. Toward the last of
our stay. however. their curiosity over
came their shyness and several large
canoes finally came alongside the ship at
different times. The natives We're kindly
treated and were very much impressed
compared with their own. After few
days it was comparatively easy to con-
verse with the natives by means OF signs.
and in this much knowledge was ac-
qiired of their tribal and social life.
Each village is a separate community
with its own chief, who is their leader
IN war and has supreme authority at all
times. At his death he is succeeded by
his eldest son or by one of his nearest
male relatives.
The status of the women Of the tribe
is very low. They are considered a bur-
den to the tribe and many female in
fants are killed soon after birth. or SO
neglected that they die very young. AS a
result of this there are MANY more men
than women III each community. The
savaSes are very migratory in their hao-
its and move from place to place along
the coast. according to their fancy. aban
donin: their old village and constructing
new one. often miles away. They are
very primitive in every respect. They
have no iron or steel weapons or imple-
nlents. Everything is either of wood o.
obsidian. Fire is nlade by rubbing two
sticks together. and matches were
source of wonder and comment among
them Naturally. they have some idea OF
Evening star., 1914-08-08

by one Of these obsidian spears would
be terrible one. as the obsidian is very
brittle. and after striking enemy
freaks into numerous splinters
Physically. these savages are of me-
dunn height. slender. active and well
developed. They belong to the Papuan
race. are decidedly negroid in appear
ance. being almost black and having re-
nlarkable suits of long and kinky hair.
which. from their peculiar method Of
arranging on their heads. gives them a
striking appearance. Projecting from
these immense masses of hair We're one
or more long splinters of bone. which
at first were thought TO be primitive
hal: pins.
Some of the men had pierced noses.
which We're embellished by pieces Of
carved bone thrust through the perfora-
ton between the nostrils. Most of them
Were adorned with bracelets aud neck
iaces made of sea shells. and one or
TWO wore lava cloths made of cocoanut
fiber rudeiy sarnished with small ses.
shells
The village consisted of about twenty
Evening star., 1914-08-08
FIRING THE SHRAPNEL

with pointed head. is a charge of pow
der called the bursting charge. In front
of that is thick steel disc called a da-
phragm. and in front of that are 2J2 lead
and antimony balls. each of 1861 grains
weight. These balls are imbedded in
mat1lX, once called Il smoke prod ucing
matriN that the point of burst might be
seen from the gun. but lately that matriy
has been replaced with one of a high en-
plosve
In the head Of the steel case is a me-
chanical fuse. known as ring or dial
fuse. in which the time train is set by
turning graduated ring which carries
part o. the time train. The time action
of the fuse is set in opera lion by the
firing Of the gun. Running through the
center of the mass of balls and their
matriX from the bursting charge in the
base Of the case to the fuse is slender
steel tube. When the time train in the
fuse has burned the number of parts OF
seconds required for the given range
hame passes back through the steel tube
ignitinG the bursting charge. which forces
the steel disk forward. carrying the Shrap-
mel balls before it and stripping off the
fused head of the snrapne case. If the
fuse has been set for a greater number
of sixths OF seconds than required for the
flight from gun to target the Shrapnel
bursts on impact with the effect. or near
" the effect. OF "A high explosive shell.
The matriX around the balls which a few
years ago was naphthalne. producing a
ball of dense. white smoke at the point
WHefe lHe SHTdpnel DhfSt. Is now a n1S
explosive called trinitro-toluol. an eN-
plosive formed by acting upon toluene
with nitric acid.
The shrapnel may be burst at any part
of its path desired but is most effective
Il burst three yards high at LOCO yards
range six yards high at :.s|o yards nine
yards high at 5000 and twelve Yards high
| at i.e3i. The front swept by the balls is
| twenty yards wide and the depth OF the
zone covered depends on the steepness
with which the shrapne is coming down
!, at the end of its path and thai Steepness
increases as the range is heightened The
! bursting charge in the shrapnel case
which drives out the shrapnel balls gives
| TO them velocity of about 400 second
| more than the unbursted shrapne had,
! SO that the velocity of the balls at the end
! of the longest range of the gun is great
! enough to kill a man or horse
| When the shrapnel is put into the gun
! ii is AT the head or the front end. of a
! big cartridge and projects from a brass
case. In that case behind the shrapn
case are twenty-four ounces OF nitro
| celulose-smoheless powder. Behind that
| is a small amount of auick-burnng black
| powder to help ignition of the slower
| burning main charge. Behind all and in
the base of the brass case is primer of
| potash, antimony and sulphur.
Evening star., 1914-08-08
THE EVENING STORY.
APPLE TREES.
copyright. 1914, by w. werner.)

copyright, 1914, by w. WernerJ
Mrs Marriott flung up her blue
checked ginsham apron to shade her
brown eyes from the sun. dazZingly re-
fected by the sand stretches. Her
Young. white forehead knotted. she
peered down to where the old orcha rd s
not very green boughs shadowed the
adjacent corptield.
He is" she said wonderingly. Il
didn't think he would. To plough up
that lovely orchard and make it into an
ugly cornfield."
She watched unbelievinaiy. But the
blue e-overalled figure appeared through
the vista between the trees. The two
brown horses appeared less plainly. al
though she could catch the dart of sun
light from the plough's blade. And in
the fall. when he wasn't so busy. he
" ould cut the trees down and the view
would be spoiled.
Nelly Marriott turned fiercely into the
house and washed the breakfast dishes
Evening star., 1914-08-08
The Men Who Are the College.
,et,er in the New York Evening Post,

Letter In the New York Evening Post
In the Evening Post Senator Root. as
chairman of the board of trustees OF
Hamilton College, is reported as announc-
ing change of policy in these words:
The trustees have adopted plan oi
graduated increases tof salary) for the
professors. On that plan we shall work
and viii press forward toward making
the professors. the men who are the col
IeGe. feel that they are appreciated
surely our doughty senator and Ham
iItou College are old fogies. Nowadays
in most of our seats of learning the
men who ARE the college are the di-
rectors of athletics, the managers OF
student activities" stunt performers,
smoker panegyrists-in short anybody
and everybody but the humdrum profess
,s,rn. sorr; who merely ~ to 'esc" and to
Evening star., 1914-08-08
|'HE shrapnel vies with the rifle
bullet in the European catastrophe.

THE shrapnel vies with the rifle
bullet in the European catastrophe.
IL is one of the dread instruments
OF battle. Its wounds are uglier than
those made by bullets flying at ripping
speed from the barrels of high-power
rifles II may not kill so many men as
rife bullets. but it is deadly enough 1t
is mankiller that represents the high
est are and attainment in field cannon
! ammunition. and where it does not kill
its threat is menacing that it tends
To break down the morale OF seasoned
troops.
The popular understanding Of n shrap-
mel, at least in the United States. where
military education or instruction has
been limited to small part of the popu
lation. is mea2er and defective. The
average man has heard of grape and
canister. Inc genesis of the shrapnel
may be found in those forms of ammuni-
Canister was fired from smoothbore guns
and the dispersion of the shots began
directly on eaving the gun. so tina, it
was effective only at short ranges The
! shrapnel is effective at any range within
| the. power of the gun. though its maxi
mum of effectiveness depends on the in
terval of the burst the height of burst
and the angle of fall The height of
+, burst can be- controlled at the gun and
| the slope of fall is dependent on the
range, the slope increasing with the
range
| capt. William l. Westervelt of the
United States artillery. in little publi
! cation issued by tine War Department
entitled "Gunnery and Explosives for
! Field Artillery Officers. says:
| The a;tack of personnel would be very diti
| clil. matter without snrapncl. The high explo
sisr effect OF percussion she'll IS restricted 10 i
yeT! nIap whereas shrapnvl. i.urst
! ;S... in air. distributes large number of
proJactilcs .x.n one Of which IS capable of kill
/ Ing man o: hotde nj r-asonable distances from
4 tt,. point of burst.
+. Tie shTHpnel IS TIE vehicle for the trinsfer
OF the shrapne ball, from gun TO bursting point
At this point the powder charge in rs base is
| iynited ard lhc balls driven with in
| creased velocity After the time i'ursi each
shrapn.l ball pur>ues Its ira jcctory, depend
/ iuy upon its ,elocity AID initial direction The
| projer,ilc has motion OF rotation due 10 which
| the balls are thrown away from the trajectory
which the shrapnel would have followed lad
not burst Ia the air. The path OF all the shrap
mel balls taken collectively form cone called the
cone of dispersion. The ground section Of tnis
cone is an irregular oval with its longer axis ap
proxiuately In the plane of lire. The dimensions
of this section will vary with the angie of fall
tar height of burst. the slope Of the ground and
the relation between the linear and rotationa
yelocities at instant Of time Of burst.
Evening star., 1914-08-08

Quincy is plowing up the old orchard -
the old lady continued. interestediy. Co
ing to put it into corn?"
Yes briefly. -
MY. it will be a job chupping down
those trees. I suppose he'll put that off
till fafl?"
II guess So.
II 'spect YOU hate to 80 en- go down.
Awfuly pretty. that Old orchard is
always like to look down this road,
Evening star., 1914-08-08

50 tempetuously that two gold trimmed
succumbed. And although
they were FROM her wedding set. which
shouldn't begin to be broken after only
three years of marriage, Nelly scooped
the pieces up and flung them out un-
Il didn't think he wouldr' she NUT
tered. rebelliously. even though Quincy
had threatened. then coaxed for her
Evening star., 1914-08-08
Carpentry and Building.

Arthur: William. Contractors aud Rujde-~,
Handbook. 1911. So Ar7.c
Arthur: William. New Building Fstlmstor
1913 SEC-ArT7n
Hasluck. 7: y Cassclls carpentry aud Jo,n-
cry. 1912. SF-HoTc ~
HodSs"n. r.. T: Ruilder.s Reliable Estimator
and t"nfractor's Guide. 1911, SEC IIts64b
Hoigs"n v. i. common sense stair building
and Ilanirai Hing. 1913 SIP H.ssi-
Hodgson. r. r. Practical Treatise on Tho Steel
Square. ~. 1914. Sf H6s4pr
fntcrna ti"nal Correspomcnce school Rudinr
Trades Handbook 1898. Sc InS3
ton. 1872. SE-M6aT
Maginnis. o. r. How Frame House. 1914.
SF-Ni274b
reker. c. G. Hints for Carpenters. 1909. sr.
Peker. c. C. Practical House Framing 1902
81 -P36p
Sylvester, ". A. Modern Carpentry and Build.
ing. 1907. SF-Syasm .
Tyrrell II. q. Treatise on the Design and Con-
struction Of Mill Buildings. 1911. SE-Toss,
Evening star., 1914-08-08
THE PUBLIC LIBRARY
ENGINEERING AND THE
TRADES.

In this weeks list arc included some
of the Public Library's books on car
pentry. painting and decorating, heat
ing and rentilating. plumbing atf SAINT
tation. All OF the following hoqts can
he obtained in the industrial depart
Evening star., 1914-08-08


IN ~ part of the world. either by
vN railroad or boat but very few
II have ever reached Admiralty
Island and only small pro-
portion of the population of the world
have even heard of it.
Admiralty Island, or "Manus. as it is
called by the South sea people. is sit
| uated about fifty miles north of New
Guinea and is about two degrees south
of the equator. It is about forty miles
long and some fifteen miles wide. The
island was first discovered by the carly
Dutch settlers in the seventeenth cen
the mainland until 1879. when the famous
Challenger expedition. sent out by the
British government, landed and surveyed
the coast line. The interior of the island
has never been explored. and to this day
remains terra incogpta.
Admiralty is now owned by Germany.
which nation annexed it in 1854 after
a treaty with Great Britain.
In October. 1909. while attached to the
L. S. s. Pennsylvania. which vessel was
making South sea cruise. it was the
writer's good fortune to visit this little
late one afternoon and anchored in
beautiful harbor on the southern end of
the island. No signs of life were ap-
parent, except on a small coral island
at the upper end of the harbor where
several small houses were noted. This
was trading station manages by a Ger
man, who at once came off to the ship
and bade the passengers welcome to
his lonely isle. He said that the natives
were savage and treacherous. and a0-
vised the visitors to go well armed and
in large parties If they landed He
said that cannibalism was practiced
among them. and that on this account
his native employees, who were semi
civilized Solomon Islanders. were very
much afraid of the savages, and never
yentured beyond the limits of the trad
ing station. He stated that he always
maintained an armed guard at the sta
tion. and never allowed natives with
weapons to land on his islet The
curiosity of all on board ship. was
aroused by his interesting description
of the island and it's savage inhabi-
tants, and majority were eager to
land and study these strange people
at close range.
Eariy next morning several large ca
noes were seen in the distance apparent
iy Observing the ship but aone came
near enough to have a good look at the
occupants. who, by the aid of glasses.
armed with long spears
Dufin2 the early afternoon a strong
party of officers left the ship with tbe
intention OF visiting the mainland They
We're all we'll armed, and while antici-
paiine no trouble We're amply prepared
Evening star., 1914-08-08
Sanitation and Sewage Disposal.
This Outdoor Fad.

From tie Chicago Post.
4 house is dressing room for a sleep
ing porch.
Evening star., 1914-08-08

The shrapuel case is of Steel with
solid base. Around it is copper band,
called the rotating band" which, when
the case is forced through the gun,
takes the rifiing of the gun and gives
to the shrapnel the rotary motion which
s-.4l ps id true on its course. In the base
of the eel case. which is cylindrical
Evening star., 1914-08-08

When the man at the gun. or can
noneer No. I. presses down the firing
handle g tae gun. the firing pin strikes
the percussion primer 3ame strikes the
Evening star., 1914-08-08
Limited Funds.

From the Boston Transcript.
Toni wish | knew what ny girl
would like for birthday present
Jack-Why don't YOU ask her?
Tom-Oh, ] haven't money enough 10
buy anything expensive.
Evening star., 1914-08-08

Forty nnfnonS dollars We're So. n
the sout4>-l states alone on ron
provement 6.s<lng 1918.
Evening star., 1914-08-08
Decorative Work.

Arrowsmith. James. Psper-ha Companion.
1907. SIC-Art7
GALLOWAY. !. Staining. Vanishing and Ep-
ameling. 1910. StQGl35s
k2asr.
Kelly. A. a. Expert House Fainter 1913. SO
k2aseh.
Kelly. A. A. EIper' Paper Hanger IaIa SIC
Kelly. A. 4. Expert Sign Painter. 1911 SO
K29s
Kelly. A. 4. Expert Wood finisher. 1872 SIR
Mairc Frederick Exterior Painting 1910.
$40 M2S1e
Maire. Frederick Interior Painting 1910 SO
M2s7I
MaiiV. Frederick. we,d rInishcr 1871 SIR
MaS.w
T'rkcr. q. q. Hints for Painters ard I,ceorators
and Papcrhangrrs. 1911 SO t'.:s.h
Whigelt. George. Architectural Iiandwu"l FIN
ishinC. 1906. SIR Wa1t
Evening star., 1914-08-08
Heating and Ventilation.

Allen J. Il. Notes on Heating srul Ncriilation
1911. SIH-All?
,;roene. A. ~ r. El"r,cnis a. IIcriin. and
Ne-tilat!on. 1919 SIII-';S,
King. 4. q. Prsrti'ai Steam al '',' Water
Heating and Ventilation ioI" siitt-
Lincoln H. e.. nsn"d Steam arl iio' Wa'e-
Heating. M: SiII IIc;5s
Me'e-. k"nrad. mr"'ani"s af Wratifs anI IN
tilatnC. 1917 SIH M3Tsm
Stari,urk. Y. ". Orcsti i.,',s and t'Sr-.r t'e
Practice ard Thc"rr of Steam npI ii,t rarr
Heating. 1912 SJlLST,1op
Evening star., 1914-08-08
- 3EzEoTI@@ zz5erxke 1D0MIGR B9oK6HEE 9 MsA{{

christianity in Rome. 1t is the best of
Baroness Orczys novels.
Evening star., 1914-08-08

NoHk NM NEAIth: ~ human
Valuation. BY j. A. Hobson. author
of The Industrial system ETC..
New York: The Macmillan Com
pany.
S'his is searching and profound
Judy of the many sided relations that
work, in all of lis human implications,
bears 10 the subject of wealth.
The purpose of the Investigation IS
twofold. ON the one hand IL aims
10 present in a full formal, concrete,
inconrrovertible exposure :he cnor-
nous waste of vital human energy
that modern industry cxacts. with the
individual and social loss accruinS
from this waste. On the other hand
its obiAt is. in very broad way. to
outline measures that are definitely
Evening star., 1914-08-08
BOOK REVIEWS.

ANCIENT AND MEDIEVAL. ART: \
short History. BY Margaret VI. Rulley.
Illustrated New York: The Mac
Evening star., 1914-08-08
Plumbing and Sanitation.


Glow. g: y. Practical rp-:o-datn rumbing.
1871. SIw-c6aSp
Glow. u. b.. and Dona'd-"u william STANDARD
American rluril-s 1ai. NIGGA
cosgrovc. ]. J. rrnciries and Practice Of
Plumbing i"oG sIw-rs.ip.
ti"ns. 1910. Iw-Cso4nl.
Hutton. William. Hot Water SIMPLY and
Kitchen Ro'ler Connections 1919 SJwIIIa..
Hutton. William Joint wiping and Lead Work
1912. SJWR-HaTT
Putnam. ]. + Piumains and Household santa-
tion. 1911 SJwIpscp.
Snow. w. g. Pine Flirting Charts for Steam
| ard Hot watcr. 1912. SwE-Snsr.
Plumbers 1910 sJw-SteS
Starinck u. NJ. Modern Plumbing Illust ratrd
1909. SIw-S 2sIn.
Sta rbuck " ~ Questions and Answers on the
!'rnrticr and Theory Of San'ar! flumblns. ~
Sfarim"k n NJ standard Practical Plumbing
1910. SJw-St.ss.
Sanitation and Sewage Disposal.
Foiwcll A. T. Sewerage 1910. SKD-F1I37
Fuller Il. W. Sewage Disposal. 1872. SKI
G:oolrich W r. Modern Destructor Practice.
1879. SFtcf2 in.
Purifcaton. 1911. SKI -K41m.
Ogden. II. NJ and Cleveland ~. Il; fr, iiral
Mcthods of Sewage Disposal. lai:. SKI -og.i
Watson. II. :. Sewerage Systems. 1911. SKID
Hydraulics.
Errireerng. ov. 1872. SI-Ams1h.
nrnkorley. Stanley Hydraulics. ~. 1898
81 -DgoIb
Hazen .ii"n ,1sau Water and How +, Gel ".
H's..o-. q L. Hydraulic Eng ne ring, i9oS.
81 -fi6.::.
Nnrrt.nar Ian-ie'd Elements Of iiy'l faniics.
1912. SI-M.5,'.
Evening star., 1914-08-08

AN today is travelling to every
part of the world. either by
railroad or boat, but very few
have ever reached Admiralty
Island. and only a small pro-