davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1914-10-27
of Shade and Fruit Trees

Very frequently apple trees and
some varieties Of shade trees are seen
with the topmost branches e and
remaining as dry sticks like antlerS
projecting above the foliage. This
condition may be due to various un-
favorable conditions, but it is chiefly
encountered with old trees which have
long remained unsprayed, u%npruned,
uncultivated and unfertiliZed. This
allows opportunity for wood destroy
ing fungi to gain an Once
started their growth will eventually
destroy the whole tree. Severe head
ing back and clearing out Of the dead
and fungus infested wood followed by
cultivation and fertilization should be
resorted to. In some instances it may
be necessary to top-graft to renew the
such treatment do not show the first
year. Great care should be taken not
to leave POUNDS through which the
spores of fungi car ain al entrance
to u future decay.
During the past few years a large
number of shade trees in the north
eastern part of the United States, and
also the Middle States have been af-
fected with staghead. The trouble
appears to have come chiefly from the
root system, but exactly what
it, is not definitely known at the pres
ent time.
There are many varieties Of shade
trees affected in this a and this
means their ultimate obstruction. since
those that do not die outright will
never ecove their tops, and are,
therefore. worthless as specimens Of
shade trees. This dying back is par
t%icularly noticeable on elms.
A characteristic feature Of trees at
fected with staghead, more conspicu-
Gus in slowly dying trees, may be seen
in the Increase of the heartwood n
decrease of the sapwood. The wood
of the dying trees is very brittle. n
the limbs and branches fall of easily.
Old trees reaching the end of their
| grand period of growth, usually show
the same characteristic and for his
| reason they. too. become dangerous.
Many of the limbs and branches fall,
a large percentage when there Is no
wind and where the atmosphere is
unusually quiet, especially during DC
tober and November, after the leaves
have fallen.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1914-10-27

Certain varieties Of grapes n ber-
ries are also more susceptible thar
others. The disease is not necessarily
fatal. but diseased trees are frequently
more or less stunted and sometimes
die from the effects of this disease.
The root system of many varieties will
be imperfect and the trees can be
readily blown out by storms and can
not produce the maximum crop Of
fruit. Certain varieties when affected
will produce a much smaller crop
than healthy trees. Such trees will
occasionally produce good crops, but
do not thrive and produce as we'll as
healthy trees under the same treat
ment. When the disease is predomi-
nant at the crown, the possibility Of
growing fruitful trees, even of the
hardest varieties, is greatly reduced.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1914-10-27

me most common meadow mixture
is that Of red clover and timothy.
Nier these are sOWn together it is
customary to SOW the timothy in the
fall and the clover the following
spring, although frequently they are
occasionally, in southern sections. in
the fall.
Ihe term nurse crop is applied to
the small crop with which ~clovers and
grasses are frequently sown. Rye,
wheat n oats are commonly used
for this purpose and are ranked for
their efficiency in the order given.
The function of the nurse crop is rot
IL directly aid the clovers and grasses
as may be supposed but rather 20
Keep down the growth of wild grasses
emu weeds which ma crow out and
Lestl oy the young plants. Where
weeds do not bother the clover and
grass will always make a better
gioth alone than where they must
ompe with the grain crop. Under
Favorable conditions, however. ore
can usually get a good stand with the
nurse crop n some returns NAV be
had from the land while the meadow
is getting started.
p Where timothy and clover are sown
with a nurse crop the first crop of hav
IL usually obtained the year following
the harvesting Of the nurse crop, al
though on h best lands a fair crop
OF clover may sometimes be cut the
same year they are seeded. The frs.
crop Is usually almost pure clover,
the second about an equal mixture
OF clover n timothy n if left a
third year, the crop will be al1rus,
I1re timothy. Where sOwn alone,
either in fall or spring. a lair croE
of hay, although frequently more D,
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1914-10-27
A CRUMB OF

What DIR. Osler Says About Wounds
in This War-No Dumdum Bullets.
Philadelphia Record.
The is appalling enough at
best; it is ~consoling to learn from DR..
Osler that is it not so bad Is it might
be. He says hat Of TOO wounded SOL
diers in an Oxford hospital only one
has died, n his death was due to
lOckjaw He believes that this war
will establish a new record for low
rate Of mortality from wounds. This
he attributes to the antiseptic effects
of high-speed bullets and to h eff
cheney Of the field hospitals. This is
a crumb OF comfort amid the horrors
OF the greates OF wars. 1t is also
gratifying TO In from DIR. Osler
tina the has seen no wonnds canee6
by or explosive bullets.
Field surgeons on both sides have ga ID
the same thing
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1914-10-27
INJURIOUS PLANT DISEASES
BY NJ. T. COOK.

That crown gall and hairy root are
serious diseases cannot be doubted.
That they may be much more serious
in some localities than others and
upon some plants than on others, is
equally true. In some sections of the
East it may be said that they are most
injurious on cane fruits, especially red
raspberries. In other parts Of the
country they frequently prove very in
furious to peach. cherry and some
times to apple trees.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1914-10-27
HEIRS TO GERMAN TRAM.
Gscat Britain Expects To E,,n ~.
Commercial Market From "

ooiiFtiai MARKET Prom War
London Correspondence Foeto-
script.
Now that the first commerce.
turbance CauSed by the g.tr-..
the great European war i ss,.t
down and ENGLAND is btg --.r
take breath again it is evident ~,
defeat OF Germany means the 81
ming Of the greatest era II r-.s,a-
in the history of the United ktn~a'
incidentally it should also hrre
OF grist to the mills Of he -
States.
1t would be idle now 10 conceal -.
fact that something like i crmms,-I
and financial panic took plac,
England in the first DAYS II tie ~
The financial situation was handled ~
a mastertly fashion by tn, soyer,.
ment, which closed the banks for ~
four days, decreed a moratorium -
a month. n issued a plentiful SIN.
ply of paper money full g.arartee.
by the whole credit Of the British
Empire. By the time the banks -.
opened people had "ovc -he-
balance and now the commercial me,
OF ENGLAND have weighed UP the bros.
poets and to say that they are @ate.
fed is to put it very mildly indeed
OF course, all this is contingent IN
the defeat of Germany. but M are IN
Europe outside Of Germany and
Austria believes for a moment that,
Germany will be able t. prevail
against a practically united Europe
To begin with, let us consider The
condition at present. Germany vas
about the best customer England had.
She took in 1912 500, 600. 600 worth.
in round fiures, of goods from Eng
land. All that trade is now stopped
and, whatever the result OF the var.
must be regarded as gone forever.
Austria was a good customer and her
trade also is ost. Trade with Eng
lands allies in Europe has been ham
pered, of course, by the diSorganlAa-
ton consequent on the Outbreak Z
war and the withdrawal Of the greater
part of the producing and consuming
population of these countries from IN
dustry to the colors. For the first
week or SO all trade with the continent
and even across the Atlantic was al q
standStiIl because of the danger x
capture by the German feet and ~
the fast merchant ships which she
had armed and commissioned IS
commerce destrOyers. The British
Inc. bFltlSn navy mas now H1"tNfI.
bottled up the fleet securely Vi prac'
tically swept the commerce destr"yeTs
Off the seas, and except 70 Germany
and Austria trade is now going en- -n-
der almost normal conditions Even
the North Sea, the home II Ger
many's great North Sea feet. WHICH
she sOWed with minesi II the first aaYs
Of the war, is almost as safe as eyer
ad hips r passing and rcpaSSins
constantly between English and san
dinavian and Russian ports ne
Straits of Dover are a carefully guard
ed English highway and trade "itn
France, Belgium and Holland is pro-
ceeding without interruption. ~"
on what do the English mercaHtIe
men base their expectation q 'H0r-
nous profit from the r In 4 " ~
the reply is Germany's eXp"rt trace.
That amounted in 1912 to ro3-h-s
$2,25O, 600, 600. and England eApe.s
to gain far more of it than the <--V-
600. 000 worth of trade with GerHa.,
that she has lost. Her only stT'-'
competitor will be the United states
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1914-10-27
The Sense Organs Of Plant.
TheoSOphical Path.

Various external forces provo
actions in plants: Weight. light 0-A~
electricity. moisture, pressure. ttr'
cal action. For sound no speC1a.
ganS are known. The genera s.h'"e
Is that certain tissues receive tn "
preston. and the MAY "'r
place either in the same tissues 'f +"
remote regions. In the latter
We distinguished zones Of exclt"' ~
zones along with conductors 'a''
place and zones of response. y"
md the greatest morphological 1t
ferentiatiOn, to which must corr
pond physiological dinerertiatlof
the organs Of reception. Thor
organs which might be consio''
could act as lenses, and a perm 't-'
layer Of plasam which could ''
feuna- Such organs exist. but t-'
physiological functions is matte
discussion For the reception d,
forces Of gravity there ire n"
oy their own sravitation. deter
an excitation OF the periphael @s'.
Ihere are no special organs IL
TOT cvonducting impressions, but ~
are transmitted along fbres ~
cannot be regarded as special T.
function.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1914-10-27
Seeding Meadows and Pastures.
tBy G.. HutchinSOn,)

tBy G. HutChlnSOn.)
There is probably no agricultural
practice regarding which there is
greater difference of opinion among
farmers than that of the methods Of
seeding meadows and pastures. This
is largely due to the fact hat a stand
Of either clover or grass is dependent
upon many factors, sue as weather
conditions, soil, and quality Of seed.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1914-10-27
WOOD ASHES IF AND
KEfTDRY MAYFURNISHVAlIl-
BLESOURCEO OF POTASH

sidered the richest in potash
tain investigators. g..
A subsequent article vtl H..
methods of thinning a 80
such a manne that the trees
be benefited by the thinu.u- art
material removed may H. @
hrewood' tn ashs Of which vii
nish valuable potash. H.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1914-10-27

less weedy, may be obtained the list
year.
A stand Of timothy may be main
tanned for several years but red clover
is a biennial n most plants oic az
the end Of the second year, especially
if allowed to seed.
Las Vegas optic., 1914-07-27
BIRDS AS MATINEE GIFTS
Baroness d'ArmeIla StartIes Society
of French Capital With Rare
Entertainment.

aris.-Marquis de Ludres has TAX
en- up the latest social fad for "scien-
tiflc matinees." Her salons were
thronged this week with society peo-
pie to witness a film showing the
growth of living tissues and life OF
plants.
The social sensation, however, was
scored by Baroness Sternberg d'Ar-
mella with a Japanese matinee. The
ground floor of her mansion was con
verted into Japanese village, every
feature of which was faithfully repro
duced. ALI the guests came in Jap
anese costume and on their arrival
each received as gift bird cage
decorated with apple blossoms and
containing rare birds found only in
the far East
Las Vegas optic., 1914-07-27

"Tu Chong-Yu, acting magistrate OF
Ching Shan Hsien, allowed his rela-
tiyes and servants to receive bribes
and to frequent evil houses.
"Tung Lai-yu, magistrate of CHA
Yu Hsiena, misappropriated govern
ment funds and has the habit of smok-
ing opium and gambling.
"Feng Jui-sung, active magistrate of
Chung Yang Hsien, refused to hand
over his office when instructed to at
tend the Examination of magistrates"
One regrettable phase of the drastic
program which the government has un-
dertaken is the fact that many innocent
persons have to go to the execution
grounds. It has long been the practice
of trade rivals or any person VINO
holds a grievance against another 10
bring the authorities down upon that
person and perhaps bring about his
execution. One of the most familiar
methods has been for one to sehd
through the mail letters which would
seem to connect his business enemy
with rebel operations. The govern
ment authorities, carefully watching
the mails, detect these letters and be-
Heving them genuine, rur down the
person to whom they are addressed,
and take summary action Perhaps
hundreds of guiltless persons have al
READY been executed as result of such
fraud. It would seem that the admin
istration conld easily detect such
fraudulent letters but the Chinese au
thorities are still naive and life Is
held very cheap because it is SC
wretched and miserable.
1 A serious evil continues to exist ir
the secret Service branch of the gov
ernmeat. The detectives have Ions
made il apractice to extort "squeezes'
|by threats of denunciation and to OBJ
, tain rewards by accusing innocent mel
} of complicity with Sun Yat-sen ant
, his party.
5 An account comes from Chengtu, IL
3 Szechvan province Of an opium smok
+ Ter being executed publicly as a warn
: ing to others who persist in defying tn,
prohibition against use of this drug. /
( is not clear from the report, but |
8 seemsto be the case. that the executio,
z was performed at one of the burning
Of coukiscated opium, which take plac
Las Vegas optic., 1914-07-27
CHINA RESORTSTO
EXECUTIONS
And EXILE
YUAN sHI-KAI GOVERNMENT, LE-
NIENT FOR TIME, ENFoRcES
DRASTIC MEASURES

Peking, July 27.-Yuan Shi-kai's gov
ernment. Ienient for while, has be-
come SO severe that the summary exc
cutions of sentences to death or exile
for political offenses, are again numer-
Gus. It is not only those who violate
the law but also those who but pas
sively support it and who will not
work for reforms. on which the hand
of the law is set.
Yuan Shi-kai has found that drastic
regulations are necessary for improv-
ing the provincial administrations and
purging the country of rebels, who are
still striving to turn the army against
the president. A recent presidential
mandate precribes execution for OH
cials who receive bribes for pervert
ing the law. Life imprisonment Is
prescribed for those who accept brides
for neglecting to put the law II
force 1t appears from the mandatt
THAI puulSAAuCuI NY dCoth may SsAhN'
the form of shooting" instead of thu
old time decapitation, and penal ser
vitude may take the form of Danish
ment to remote and unhealthy provin
ces."
Besides rebels and corrupt official
persistent gamblers and secret servic
men of vicious practices are also to
put to death, If the presidential order
can be enforced. Such lists as th
following are appearing daily, indica
ing those whose life may be the 70
felt of their crime.
''Tong-chong. acting magistrate I
Hsiao Kan Hsien, failed to perform b
duty and practiced 'squeezes. givin
great trouble to the people.
Las Vegas optic., 1914-07-27
STATE FAIR OFFERS
PRIZES TO WOMEN
BANKS SUBSCRIBE FOR CASH RE
WARDS FOR FEMININE
EXHIBITS

albuquerque, July 27.-Through the
co. operation of the banks of the state
the prizes offered in the woman's de-
partment of this years fair at Albu-
duerGue are to be of a substantial ma
tlre: being cash in sufficient amounts
tc Justify any woman IN taking part in
the various competitions in the fine
arts and domestic science department.
Mrs ]. H. Toulouse, of Albuquerque
Superintendent of Department j, the
feminine section of the exposition, has
made a personal campaign for cash
prizes among the banks of the state.
She has met with most gratifying sue
cess Bank after bank has consented
to give cash prizes until the depart
ment has grown from one of the poor
est to one of the best rewarded of the
entire fair.
The banks for the most part, are
making their prizes for the best dis
play of needle work, embroidery OF
some of the other feminine special
ties. for the county in which the bank
is located. Chaves county banks for
instance, have contributed several cash
prizes of $5 each for the best examples
of plain and fancy needle work from
that county. The woman who is ciev
er with the needle will have an op
portunity to earn substantial sun
of money in the fair competitions ant
the second and third awards are large
enough to be well worth competini
for.
In addition to the cash prizes Albu
ouerque business houses are outdoinl
themselves to make this department
attractive. There are two prizes Ger
tain to appeal to any woman of 81
hats from leading millinery shops
Las Vegas optic., 1914-07-27

There are several dozens of these spe-
ciai awards, ranging all the way from
photographs by Albuquerque's best
photographers to furniture, sacks OF
flour, reading lamps, and many other
articles ranging in value from SO to
$40 Every one of them is certain to
appeal to the feminine competitor All
are listed in the big premium book
which may be had on application to
Thos. F. Binkert, fair manager, Albu.
querque.
Las Vegas optic., 1914-07-27
BOY MINDS BABY; HANGS SELF
Young Lad Makes Good Threat te
Mother When Left to Watch
Child.

Knoxville, Tenn.-"Mind the baby
while I'm gone," Mrs. Lawson Smith
of Fish Springs told her ten-year-old
son as she left home to call on a
neighbor.
"rll be hanged If do" replied the
boy.
When Mrs. Smith returned home
two hours later, she found the boy
had tied a rope around his neck. tied
it to limb of an apple tree, climbed
the fence and then jumped. He was
dead.
Las Vegas optic., 1914-07-27

from time to time and are made oc-
casions of public rejoicing.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1914-08-19
OILED ROADS SAVE HEALTH

Health, as we'll as motor cars and
tires, is conserved by oiled roads, ac-
cording to General Manager George
NJ. Dickson of the National Motor
Vehicle of indianapolis, one of the
strongest advocates of oiled roads in
the United States Dickson declares
that the oiling of roads, by doing
away with dust, saves the health, not
only of motorists themselves, but OF
persons residing along thoroughfares
where there is any considerable traf-
fic.
"Oiled roads are really a saving
rather than an expense to a commu-
nifty" declares Dickson. "The av-
erage cost to a mile is only about
$50, and this is small when compar-
ed with the amount of saving on the
road itself. Besides the increased
comfort, consider the fact that the
health saving cannot be computed in
dollars and cents"
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1914-08-19
FEDERAL INQUIRY Is WIDE

WASHINGTON. D. C., Aug. 10
Reports to the department of justice
today show that the investigation in
to food prices is progressing in every
state and almost every large city
The United States attorney at San
Francisco telegraphed that the in
vestigation already had prevented an
increase in shipping rates to foreign
ports on canned goods.
From Kansas City comes a repor,
that there was no beet sugar on the
market.
William ]. Young, district attorney
at Brooklyn. telegraphed that he had
issued subpoenas for a grand jury
which will meet next Wednesday
Other district attorneys asked for
special agents to supplement their
own efforts.
The district attorney at Baltimore
wants three special agents because OF
initiation of prices there.
The department of justice is gath
erlng comparisons of food prices on
July 1, 1913, July /, 1914, the prices
below the first declaration Of war in
Europe, and the present prices in
this country.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1914-08-19
FRENCH WOMEN ARDENT
FOR SCOTCH SOLDIERS

LONDON. Aug. 19.-The Daily Tel
egraph prints a story from Boulogne
of the experience of British soldiers
there
The people of this CITY," says the
dispatch, have given over their ordi-
nary occupations in order to show
their hospitality. to the men of the
British army who are on their way
to the front.
"A Scottish battalion. which was
irst to leave for the battle line. was
greeted everywhere with vast enthus-
siasm. All the townspeople have
learned to use the English words
good luck ond goodbye AS the
kilties swing down the hill toward the
train, the crowd presses forward to
shake the hand of each soldier and
express delight at the Scotchmen once
more fighting for France.
AS the soldiers approach the sta
ton to the sound of bagpipes, the
crowd becomes more insistent, more
enthusiastic. The soldiers march
daily and are not abashed even when
some old woman or young maid rush.
es out to bestow a kiss. This fire.
quently happens and amuses the
crowd hugely. You can't help liking
these big strapping men. One re-
marks:
They call us the 'die-hards' and
We shall live up to our name when
We meet the Germans.
''As they leave the crowd sings the
Marseillaise. to which the soldiers re-
ply with God Save the King"
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1914-08-19
BY Till SCISSORS
HIS FAD Is BORES.
indianapolis News. j.,

4NtWbs
"A friend OF mine" said Jasper
Bulwinkle, has taken on a new fad.
Of which he Is likely for some time to
come TO have a monopoly. For some
time it has been in my mind that he
was in some fashion making a study
OF me. He was not long since a per-
son OF somewhat irascible temper. and
Listened but badly to some. / may say
TO nearly all, Of my best stories. Now
he smiles encouragingly. ana listens
as a lamb meekly 10 any narrative no
matter how ancient, how long, or how
dreary 1t may be.
"No matter how anacholuthic an
anecdoate. in the telling he remains
smiling TO the end. have recently
found out that ] am not the only per-
son TO whom he is gracious: that half
a dozen persons whom you and ]
know 10 be out and out bores are be-
ing fostered and encouraged by my
strange friend. and / no longer en-
Joy the monopoly supposed was
mine.
1T is a whim, a fad he admitted
20 me the other day, that / have ta-
ken up and out OF II / get not only
amusement--and some little instruc-
tion--but a discipline in patience that
] have long needed. II ls teaching me
10 be kind. gentle, and conslderate OF
certain Of my fellow creatures whom
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1914-08-19
OUT OF HIS CLASS

England's poet laureate utters this
faint falsetto 'Can to Arms.
Thou careless, awake:
Thou peacemaker. fight.
Stand, England, for honor,
And GOD guard the right.
The monarch ambition
Hath harnessed his slaves.
But the folks OF the ocean
Are free as the waves.
Up, careless, awake:
Ye peacemakers. fight.
England. stand for honor.
God defend the right.
Shades of Byron, to what low lev
els has the imperial genius of Eng
land fallen! The laureate is plainly
out of his class. He should be writ
ing nursery songs. The lisping mon
arch that ignored him may we'll and
soberly turn now to Kipling and chant
with that great bard:
The sinner that foreswore Thee,
The fool that passed Thee by.
Our times are gone before Thee.
Lord, grant us strength to die.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1914-08-19
Echo Of Dearborn Massacre.

CHICAGO, Ill, Aug. 19.-Mem-
bers of the German-Irish Alliance
gathered today about the monument
to the victims of the Fort Dearborn
massacre, East 18th street and the
Illinois Central tracks, and carried
out the last part of the program
marking the centennial celebration
of that historic battle. This was
the third memorial celebration in as
many years in connection with the
centennial. In 1912 the state of
Illinois had charge and last year the
government
Peter ]. Ellert. president of the
German-Irish alliance, was the prin-
cipal speaker and freshened the men,
cries of those about him of the hor-
rors connected with the massacre.
At the conclusion of his speech he
placed a laurel wreath on the mon
ument, speaking the following words
as he did so:
"In the name and on behalf of the
German-Irish Alliance of Chicago,
place at the base of this monument
this wreath. in memory of the men,