davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1914-04-25
UNEMPLOYMENT,
1.-The Problem of Idle
Workers.
By Frederic J. Haskin.

Unemployment has become such a crit,.
cal problem even in this land of hound.
less opportunity that the federal eov-
ernment has created a special body. the
commission on industrial relations. one
OF whose chief tasks is to make a thor
oush study of this subject The commits
sion is now conducting a nationwide in
vestigation of the causes for unemploy-
ment, and is carrying out a series OF
hearings in the large industrial centers.
Every season of the year brings it's ac-
counts of the sufferings of thousands who
are seeking work in vain. The country
has reached a point in its development
where industrial depression cannot be
orldged without severe. distress to great
numbers Of enforced idle workers. De-
spite the average Americans enthusiastic
faith that there Is work for all> on this
continent who are willing to do it, the
problem Of the unfortunate ''jobless' has
grown steadily more serious. With the
accommodating evidence of poverty, slums
and of an army of miserable unemployed,
the attention of an ever-increasing num-
Der Of economists, philanthropists. poll
ticians and business men has been direct
Evening star., 1914-04-25

than to Mariia. who sat quite alone
AT the other end. Their tools, too,
seemed a little better than Marlla s.
though this was not supposed to be
noticed. MariIa had broken handled
knife. i nicked cup. checked plate.
The poorest parts of the food. too, went
her way and all during the meal she was
not spoken to.
After the meal Anna drew Mrs. Chap
man back to the parlor, and Marilla
was left to do the work. t--
That was good meal" Mrs. Chap
man said. "Marilla didn't burn the squash
after ALL did she?''
NO. / snatched it off just in time
Anna replied. crisply.
Mrs Chapman lifted an eyebrow to-
ward Simeon's portrait. I've a great
mind" she said. SLOWLY, Ito take Marilla
right off your hands.
What do you lnean?" exploded Anna.
why. Just, that, my dear. You don't
want her. can make use of her. It's
even when you rent out half Your house
to good tenants as roof ever shell
tered"
You could come and live here with
me- said Anna.
Not when I've got house Of my
own that I'm attached to. And as
for asking you to come and live with
me. why. you'd have to bring MarilIa.
and three's always crowd. If ! took
Marilla You would have your liberty
again. Maybe you'd marry. Sim ddn't I
make you promise you wouldn't. But
can tell you. YOU neverll have the chance
with Marilla as an incumbrance. No
mans going to marry two women, and
one of 'em half-witted'
Anna had thought that over herself.
Call her in and see what she says"
requested Mrs. Chapman.
Evening star., 1914-04-25
MADAME GOLEJEySkI.

average woman is not enthusiastic over
the sport simply because she is unac-
quainted with it.
Nine. Golejevski's interests. however.
do not center in sports. She is the proud
and happy mother OF two small daugh-
ters. So: MIA and kTra. With the eN-
Mrs. Colville Barclay. wife of the coun-
selor to the British embassy, little kyra
Golejevski is the youngest child in the
diplomatic corps. She has attained the
age of eighteen months. Nine. GoIejevski
is a child with her children, entering
with great Zest into their amusements
and giving much of her time to her small
daughters.
Both because her time is much taken
up BY the round of gayeties that consti-
tute social season and because she and
Mr=. Emmeline Pankhurst have the same
native land. it is with something like
SIT prise that one learns of Nine Cole
lcvski's genuine interest in and support
Of equal suffrage. She is not at ali in
sympathy with the militant methods by
which certain of her countrywonen have
won notoriety, but, just the same, she
believes in votes for women and does
not hesitate to express herself to that
effect
Nine Golejevski is especially interest
ed in dramatic art. She is one of several
women in public life in Washington who
are writer's of plays. She keeps up with
the work of modern dramatists but none
OF them holds for her the vital interest OF
the works of one William Shakespeare
Evening star., 1914-04-25

Nine Nicoiai Golejevsl>i. wife of the
military attache of the Russian emba ssy,
is by birth an Enslshwoman, and, like all
Ens1ishw omen. she IS athletic. In this
day and time. il is true. when the aver
age woman rides horseback. COLTS, plays
tennis and even hunts and fishes with
men of her family there is small dis
tinction in being an adept at out door
sports.
Nine. GoIejevski is unique in that her
favorite sport is an indoor one. and
sport in which few women have either
interest or proficiency. This sport is
fencing. Whether or not Nine. Cole
jevski owes to her daily exercise i'er
erectness of carriage and her superb
health is an interesting question TO the
women who know her best. Anyway. the
day never passes without A fencing ma tch
between herself and her husband
Nine. Golejevslli declares that the sport
has more to recommend it than any other.
For horseback riding. she says. one needs
a good horse, a smart habit and falr
road. For the enjoyment of golf and ten
mis- and swimming. a like combination OF
external conditions and equipments is
necessary. she points out, while the sue
cess of each is at the mercy of the
weather But for fencing one needs
only foil and some slight degree of
skill. Nine. Goejevsk believes that the
Evening star., 1914-04-25
JAMES C0NLEY ACCUSED
Factory Sweeper Charged in At
fdavits With Phagan Murder.

ATLANTA, Ga. April 25.-Three af1-
davits seeking to fix guilt for the mur
der of Mary Phagan upon James Conley.
negro factory sweeper, were submitted in
superior court here yesterday They were
presented by attorneys for Leo NJ. Frank.
under sentence of death for the murder.
In connection with motion for a new
trial on newly discovered evidence. Hear
inss on the motion began Thursday and
are expected to continue several days.
Two of the affidavits are signed by the
Rev. G. B. Ragsdale, pastor at a local
church. and R. L. Barber They allese
that the atlantis. while talking together
on street here several days after the
murder. heard a negro confess to an
other negro that he had killed Mary
Phagan. Barber. in his affidavit. further
alleges that he recognized the negro who
Is said to have confessed as James Con-
ley. whom he knew. The third affidavit
is by Annie NJ. Carter, negress, who al
ieges Conley confessed to her that he
mad committed the murder.
Coniey was the principal witness against
Frank at the latter's trial and has been
convicted as an accessory after the fact.
Evening star., 1914-04-25

figures to the public. the bureau issued an
accompanying warning that they were
not accurate enough or OF Sach nature as
to warrant definite conclusions on the
problem of Unemployment.
1t would be a matter for deep concern
We're 22.3 per cent Of the countrys army
OF workers without all employment for
any considerable part of the year Inc
census report. however. included among
the unemployed all persons ordinarily
engaged in gainful labor who. for what
ever cause. We're out of work Tor any
part of a month. This. together with the
fact that the reliability of the returns is
still undetermined. makes any attempt at
an exact analysis of the problem based
upon these figures impossible.
Jhe data obtained by the bureau was
complied under the headings: AGricul-
tui al pursuits. professional service
domestic and personal service. trade
and transportation and manufacturing
and mechanical pursuits. The greatest
number OF unemployed were registered
for the agricultural pursuits in 1890,
while. in 1900. the largest number of
idle workers were found to be in the
manufa acturing and mechanical pur1
suits The largest percentages of un-
employment were shown for both years
TO be among the agricultural. domestic
and industrial workers. OF all persons
.eported idle. nearly half we're out of
work for three months or less and
about so per cent Of the remainder
were unemployed from four TO six
months. Further. as the returns in
cluded all persons ten wears of age
and over ordinarily employed. there
were comprised in the comDila ton
many children attending school part of
the year.
Statistics concerning unemployment
gathered during the last census have
not yet been compiled. and 1t is i'm
possible to ascertain whether an in
crease in the ranks of the enforced
idle comparable with that between
1850 and 1869 took place from 1900 to
1910 The census bureau will assemble
this information in the fall. when it
VIII make special study of the
phenomena of unemployment in the
United States and make the results
known to the public in a special pub
Iication.
y r
There can be no doubt that the prob
Evening star., 1914-04-25
.HYATSWLLE ARRANGES
FOR MUNICIPAL ELECTION
Judges, Clerks and Balloting Places
Named by Mayor and Com
mon Council.
Special Correspondence of The Star.


.HYATTSvILLE, April 25. 1914.
A special meeting Of the mayor and
common council was held Thursday night.
when the following judges and clerks to
conduct the election to be held hero Mon
day, May 4. were named, together with
the polling places in the several wards.
First ward: Office of L. L Gray & Co.. ad-
joining Mrs. r. H. Vincent's residence:
judges, L. o. Wissman, ]. Moses EdIa-
witch and Alexander Sakers; clerks. Err
nest F. Gasch and John Walsh. Second
ward Office Of the Hyattsville Independ-
ent; judges, w. F.. Pierce, P. G. Mel
bourne and N. H. Spicknann: clerks, E.
r. Burn and James Severe Third ward :
Truck room, Municipal building; Judges
V. V. MacNeil, Arthur Gambrin and W.
{. Soules; clerks, J. Dallas Erwin and
James u ID. Briscoe. The election is for
the purpose of electing a mayor. to serve
for two years; treasurer. to servo for
two years, and a councilman from each
Of the three wards, each to serve for two
years.
The voters of Capitol Heights, Prince
Georges county, met Monday evening in
convention in the town hall and nominat
ed the following ticket to be voted for at
the municipal election to be held Monday.
May 4: For mayor, Lyman J. Laughton;
for members of the council at large, R1-
fus r. Gibbs. Morris H. Rackey and John
Gabriel. Mayor Charles Sweeney de-
ciined a denomination. He presided at the
convention, with Town Clerk Louis F..
Litz as secretary. Over half of the vot-
ers were present at the convention.
Judge Fillmore Beall, before whom
Wade Coleson. indicted for the larceny of
chickens at Bowie several months ago.
was tried. has ordered Colesons release
Evening star., 1914-04-25
THE EVENING STORY.
THE INCUMBRANCE.
Copyright. 1911. Icy ". wernerl

fCoryrichf 1914. Icy W. WernerD
Old Mrs Chapman was spending tht
day with her niece. TIE WIDOW ba"t'
She had arrived early. bianketsd enc
cushioned in her Wheeled chair wiira
Marilla Poole had trundled- ma 40
Was enjoying herself hu2c'y as she Sd
IN Mrs f:udd's front room. where -
had been lighted in her hCnor. with ~
feet on u footstooi. a shawl over ~
knees. and Nnnas biscuit CUSHION pc
hind her head
That biscuit cushion was Anna
sacred treasure and it tore heF he4tt
IN see her aunt's few reniairing -raN
hairs and black lace cap rtssin5 against
II. old Mrs. Chapman EHcU nat
lore Suua.s heart and delighted in Z.
ANY other cushion voult ha.'' done -
Y oil for !, hesdiest but she would have
Ia other. So Nina had IT cd in ~
biscuit cushion. the dslit ate mo-
rrothy thing that she had n'ade VIII
rer own hands out Of BITS o. SIS c~'e-
fuIlv garnercd through m%nE >eiia. ~
dared deny her aunt no,hi g, A''i4h IS m
wished to. for she was cid Mrs. nap
mans next of kin and hei'' 20 al he
ieavnss.
Nnna Budd was Httis woman. gray
I. d
!. hen it came 10 doNn:i.s..- ieel ns. Sii'
had ON her bes, 81; ~ =, sod H. ne
cha'n and the scant .sin e q hllf across
Her forehead had oecn ,u lec that min
Ing with an iron. Bangs hat beSH be
eor,inq to Nnna'S yoU.h ana she ST
elIng to them as she clunS to the mar
wreath i'm the frame between the WIN
COWS and the wax 81 oss unde The Sla
t-c.. on the marble center table W h-n
.Tnna Budds bang was e1rled am she
sat in company with the HAIR wreath
and the wax cross i'll her best room she
euvied nobody.
n ;,tout the same way that she re
gat,led her parlor ornaments Anna ielt
tow ard that MARI age which lat IN her
spifsteThuod had given her new name
and a new Importance in the commrni-
" She had married Simeon Budd be-
caua" he was the first man VINO had
sslsei her to wed and she always had
wanted to marry. He had iived barrel
three years and death had been his
apothcuSis in more wa : than Cne. Anua
added "a big crayon pJstr4it Of him to
her parlor and she always caited v.s..oFs
attention to if. She vas y. Out oil De-
in- the widow Budd. S m4tn had ha3-
pcn,d along just in tine 10 save he
name and memory consp.cuously iii graf
ftude With his money she cnjoyen the
comforts of life. There had been enough
money. indeed. to erab;e her to have a
good many things which her long spin
sterhood had not provided her with
Anna knew the value of money and she
liked il as she liked nothing else Oh
earth.
There had been. however. one serious
drawback to Simeon's money. Marilla
Poole. Simeon's niece. had always iiNta
with him as a daughter. and when
Simeon married Anna he did not turn
the girl away. She had lived in the
house with the newly welded pair. but
Evening star., 1914-04-25

without her. Anna? Miss herr
Anna shrugged her shoulders ..It's a
good miss. 1 amt pining. Any time
you get sick of her, Aunt Ell, send her
back Don't keep her one minute longer'n
you feel on my account she remarked
oh, amt keeping her on your ac-
count. my dear Tn keping her on nv
own. It's sorta refreshing to find a
human critter that don't know a dime
from dollar. All the same I'm teach
ing Marilla to look after the money, for
snes maple to have some of her own
some day"
Anna jumped. How? WHOM leave it
to herr she demanded
Mrs Chapman laughed and laughed
Between You and me- she said, you
mad all Sinrs money. and SO I've decided
TO leave mine to Marila. / feel it my
duty to see that she ceases to be an in
cumbrance'
tTHE END)
Evening star., 1914-04-25

Marila came with her big eyes start
ing. The only times sine ever entered
the parior was when she cleaned it.
I'm going to take you home with me
tonight and keep You while. Mrs. Chap
man said. II want you to be a good girl
and come. I need you and-your aunt
here can spare YOU just as well as not"
Mariila stood staring at the old woman
Then suddenly she fell on her knees
and. seizin= the gaunt old hand, began
to wep over it. Mrs. Chapman lifted her
to weep over it. Mrs. Chapman lifted her
trait and her black eyes spar<led like
a witch's.
She took lariila home that night
A month later she said to Anna who
was calling upon her: Now, that girl
knows more'n you think. She's learned
the difference between dime and a
dollar quick as this She's picked up
a considerable. How'd you get along
Evening star., 1914-04-25

upon a market already giutted with WORK
ers. The contrary is true in reality, and
statistics show that stands rds of life are
continually rising. that the individuals
share of goods is growing larger all the
time. as. also, more diversified.
The general adjustment of the SUNNY
of labor to the demand is regulated by
economic forces.
Land Is Plentiful: There is land in
Capital Abundant y pe, = eanr esp,s.. "
amassed in greater stores for the future
of the race Considering solely and alone
the problem of unemployment at living
wages and not the problem of the distri
button Of wealth. the variable ouantitis.
making for better or for wor.e co,di-
tions in the labor market are the kind or
machinery for the distribution Of labor.
human nature. organization or d;sory,,,
za'ion OF the labor market and the mo-
bility of labor. The total a.n.,a g.,
LABOR cannot be less than its total .unnlv
are always more good things to be
uesireo oF practically every one Of the
people, onhi every desire for the prod
ucts has been stiled. there is work IN the
~otiu " uo i"T every one who Will and
can. lay his hands to it.
As stated. the elements in the labor
problem are a lack of an efficient ma
chinery for acauainting the unempIoyed
worker with places in his town, city or
neighborhood which he could fiji: a pres
ence of mentally and bodily unfit, hope
less fnefHcfents. the unwilling, lazy and
vagrant. labor market disorganization
which tends to swell the ranks of the
casual worker and increase the destruc-
tive competition of large labor reserves
with regular forces by making possible
a shiftless rotation of part-time work
ers; and. finally. the difficulty of chang.
ing kinds of employment
In great part the problem of the unem-
ployed is one OF working oaf more eff
cient methods than labor -peddiing from
door to door for maintaining the adjust
ment of the body of workers to the thou
sands Of special, uneonnected markets a.,
labor
Evening star., 1914-04-25
lem of unemployment is very real. Not
W t h g anding
Problem Becoming the apparent in
Very Real One. ,nis conntry:s

a Very Real One. this eountrv:s
resources for supplying any popula alton
that may develop within it until re-
mote future. there is growing class
of people who. with every desire for
employment, are unable to find steady
work Nor are all of these people in
capable or unwilling to earn inde-
pendence through honest labor. Rec
ords of many city charitable organiza-
tions are filled with cases of pitiable
struggles against the degrading need
OF begging. 1t is an old dogma that
every man has a right to have work.
II this is so. and if there is a growing
class unable to exchange its labor for
sufficient means of existence, then ef-
forts toward the solution of the prob
lem are urgent
According to old economic theory un-
employment is a result of overpopula-
ton. Applied to the United States, with
its extensive waste lands. its well
stocked mines. its youthful extravagant
housekeeping and its business vital with
the buoyancy Of optimism. this theory
skaters. In fact. the doctrine does not
hold anywhere in the western world: for.
even in the far more densedy populated
countries of Europe, wages and stand
ards of life are rising. Further, it is
improbable that the supply of labor can
outgrow the demand as whole People
would not be. and are rot, born at a rate
out of all proportion to the possibilities
of earning a living. When a sufficient liv-
ing is not there for the individual. it is
either his fault or societys fault. In
most cases. it is probably the fault of
social organization.
Overpopulation is not the cause of un-
employment. There is no need. as yet. of
restricting the population. as was sug-
gested by older economists. nor for fore
ing the expansion of industry at an un-
natural pace. II the world were over
people today to such an extent that there
remained less labor than laborers. stand
ards Of living would be steadily decreas-
ing. each birth and each immigrant would
be a fresh force for lowering the general
social level. another competitive unit
Evening star., 1914-04-25
Utah Guards Get Target Range.

President Wilson, on recommendation
of Secretary Lane. today withdrew 49,
100 acres of public land in Utah for use
of the Utah National Guard as a target
range and maneuver grounds. The
Withdrawal was requested by the Gov
ern0r of Utah. and was Endorsed by the
Secretary of War
Evening star., 1914-04-25
Hugh R. Wilson Weds in London

LONDON. April 25-Hugh R. Wilson.
secretary Of the American legation at
Guatemala. was married at st. Peters
Church. Eaton square, at noon today to
Miss Katherine Boyle of Ann Arbor.
Mich.
Evening star., 1914-04-25
ed to the question. and many plans have

ed to the question. and many plans have
been devised for relief
There are no accurate statistics showing
the extent of Unemployment in this coun
try at airy one time. In the first place.
the subject of Unemployment las received
only a small amount of attention IN the
United States until just recently The
almost unlimited resources of the country.
the repeated examples of startling careers
from lowly station TO wealth and power.
the noodtide of general prosperity which
has s;gnaHEed tire development or Amer
ion. have all resulted in filling the aver
,oe citizen With intolerance Tor Ia eS CT
failure. Even today Il great part of the
noo-,-e NEE iii reference 10 problem
Of unemployment with the impatient re-
iter:,t ton Of the dogma that there IS WORK
,or all who viii Those Who are leie. u rs
fr,c f,yo-its contention. are so c,tnSF
100, choice or from inefliciencI.
W;.h such an attitude predominant
,ba-e co,;ld be Iittlc done toward a COM
prebensive investigation OF the prooie,''.
The first important attempt 10 learn tue
extent of unemplo fment was III .ae
-,ts oe 1880. The returns appeared so uh-
s,t;sfactor,. however. that ti,ey were not
g.o,,,,,red i, the ce1suses of 1929 and iNE
,be erdeavor was made again 10 ieaih
the number Of idle workers. ne iesu..a -
Y ere published IL the census fepoiis
those vca:v. Besides the returns OF tue
I-pited states census cfi7ce. add'ronai
senbled in occasional reports by 1he De,
nart,,er. o. DO. state and municipal
s;.rteys. 9apor;s OF idleness among or
r,nized WORKERS by the American federa
ton OF Labor an, reports OF the = ntea
States geological survey e'lunerati'ie
lie da.s OF suspended WORK IN Goa
mines.
The statistics compiled by the census
bureau in 1880 place the total unem-
ployed at 3,J2',
U. s. Statistics Of 80 which is rat
the Unemployed. cent Of all pe--
sons employed in gainful occupations.
The same statistics for 1900 show 6. 4S6 :
36i unemployed. Or -: per cent of the
whole. With the presentation of these
Evening star., 1914-04-25

The statistics complied by the census
bureau in 1880 place the total anem-
Evening star., 1914-04-25
U. s. Statistics Of
the Unemployed.

soas employed in gainful occupations.
The same statistics for 1900 show 6. 1856 :
36i unemployed. Or -: per cent of the
whole With the presentation of these
Evening star., 1914-04-25

The general adjustment of the supply
of labor to the demand is regulated by
The American issue. [volume] (Westerville, Ohio) 1912-19??, 1914-05-22
PLANS OF PENNSYLVANIA AN
TI-SALOON LEAGUE: COUN-
TY OPTION.

Philadelphia, Pa, May o-The
Pennsylvania Anti-Saloon League is
planning to promote a bill providing
tor the county unit for local option in,
Pennsylvania and an amendment to.
the Brooks High License law giving
power to residents of any community
to limit wholesale and retail LIQUOR
licenses.
1t is believed that with such a
county unit law, one-half of the state
OF Pennsylvania could be cleared out
OF saloons within two years. Then
the door would be opened for state
wide Prohibition movement.
The measures will be introduced
separately. By the amendment to
the Brooks law, it is proposed to take
out OF the hands of judges the power
to grant new liquor licenses or renew
old ones when a majority of the res
ldents of any section sign remon-
strances against saloons. This amend
ment is designed to keep the saloon
out of the residential sections of cit
les and towns
The American issue. [volume] (Westerville, Ohio) 1912-19??, 1914-05-22
IS GOOD TO SPEAKEASIES.
Marion, O., Mayor Accused of Leni-
ency To Those Who Violate Lii
quor Law-Illegal Sales In
License Territory.

Marion, o., May 8.-Authority of
Governor Cox to remove derelict
mayors has been invoked by the state
liquor license commission, which has
flled with the governor complaint
against Mayor Don E. ]. Brockett.
OF Marion, who fined Barney DeWolf
5000 for bootlegging, suspended the
sentence during good behavior and
then granted Barney a new trial.
Marion is wet. 1t has saloons on
Grated under the license law, which
law, the liquor folks told the Ohio
voters, was sure preventive of IL
legal liquor selling. 1t was pointed
out that only in dry territory were
there bootleggers and speakeasies.
but in Marion the rule seems to have
gone wrong.
The license commission wants
Brockett fired for being too 1enient.
1t makes no complaint concerning the
hundreds of licensed saloonists who
have violated the license law.