davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-11-01

which has been trodden to pieces Wy
driving horses over it and then laying
it between layers of straw. The De-
nose farm runs its machinery by an
electric plant operated by fails Two
miles away. The hacienda has electric
the rays of incandescent. burners
The nursery of Santa Ines is the
largest in Chile. 1t has an electric plant
run by the falls of a branch OF the
Mapocha river. This is now furnishing
12O horsepower. which is used in the
nected with the property. Everything
excepting the farming and cuitivatlng Is
done by electricity, and this includes the
thrashing of all kinds of grain. the saw
ing of lumber, the lighting the owner s
home and the moving of the machines or
a large manufacturing plant. On that
estate there are twelve miles OF rail-
roads. and there is one peach orchard IN
bearing that contains $4,000 trees. Every
field is walled with poplar trees. and
the receipts must equal. ] should
say. the salary of our President. Never
theless 1t was twelve years before santa
Ines began to pay. and during that time
it cost Don Salvador IZquierdo s, who
owns it. an outlay of 100000.
During my last visit to Chile visited
the estate of Macul, which belongs to
an who was long said to he the rlchest
widow Of the world This estate cost
more than a half million dollars when 1t
was bought by Don Cousino. 1t is now
valued at over a million. 1t consists OF
about. 5000 acres of irrigated land. and
it has a large number of fine blooded
horses and 200 cattle bred from the best
Durham stock. Its vineyards I've hun
dreds of thousands of vines, and they
produce millions OF bottles OF wine every
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-11-01

will leave, and it is upon his labor that
the man must depend for the work
upon the estate.
The conditions of employment are
somewhat like that of the old feudai
times The haciendado owns the land,
and he lets each of the workmen have
a small tract to cultivate and also pas
turage for his stock IL he has any. This
tract may consist of two, three. TOUR,
five or ten acres. and it may be only
enough for house and garden. In re-
turn for the use of the land the in
quilino agrees to give one mans work
to the owner when he requires it. This
means that he pays a rent Tor the
house and grounds of about $3.50
week, and at the same time has house
small wages are paid, but as a rule
the man is expected to furnish one
hand for his labor. If his family does
work, they, of course. receive an addi-
tional payment Many of the inquilinos
are in debt to their employers. but the
laws here are not like those Of Peru
and Bolivia. which make the poems al
most debt slaves.
The huts of the poems are of the rud-
est description. They are seldom more
than fifteen feet square. They have
walls of sticks covered with mud and
the roofs are of thatch or rude tile
The huts are seldom lighted except
from the front. and some have no
light but from the door. The ground
forms the floor. and, in many cases, the
the places of chairs, and II there Is
bedstead it consists of a ledge of sticks
built up from the ground. The bed
stead may he separated from the other
Tart of the room by curtain.
I would say. however, that some of
the farmers are paying attention to the
better housing of their workmen. On
the Santa Ines estate they are building
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-11-01

year. The water rents there are about
as much as the salary of a United States
senator, and the irrigation ditches are
marked out by long lines Of poplars. The
park of Macul is one of the finest i'll
Chile
Another large estate is that of
Aguila. belonging to Don Santiago de
Toro, which contains 1900 acres. 1t
is not far from Santiago. and it took
me about two hours on the train to go
there. At the time of my visit the
hacienda had over 1000 cattle and 200
for breeding alone, and for the family
and guests. All of the farm work was
done by oxen. OF the cattle 800 were
dairy cows. which brought in about
six thousand dollars worth OF milk
and eight thousand dollars worth OF
butter year.
The Aguila hacienda has many long
low one-story buildings runningaround
patios and gardens. These form the
home of the owner. They have roofs
of red tile and their floors are OF
brick. They have wide porches, and
They are situated in a grove or trees
which are at least 100 feet high, ana
among these are wonderful palms
When I visited 1t the house contained
about two score of guests. in addition
to the thirty children and grandchii-
dren of the family Of its owner; Each
of these children had its own pony.
Others of the haciendas here have
beautiful buildings of modern con-
struction. with great parks. with miles
of shady drives, and all of the other
surroundings of a millionaires home in
modern machinery, and some are now
experimenting with fertilizers and IN
intensive cultivation. Everywhere
go l see now American plows, and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-11-01
COWBOYS OF A BIG HACIENDA.

a grand scale. In many parts of the val
ley 200 acres is little more than a gar
den patch, and the irrigated farms of
5000 and even 10000 acres are common.
There Is one farm of 10000 acres, and
several which have $4,000 and more.
The estate of Lo Urmenta contains
1000 acres. and of these 200 are now
bearing grapes. 1t has cellars with a
capacity of 100000 gallons of wine, and
it bottles and ships vast quantities
every year The Errazuriz vineyard.
at the foot of the Andes. puts up 5000
bottles of wine day in addition to
1t ships more than 100000 bottles of
wine every month. There is another
vineyard that ships 100000 gallons a
year.
One of the richest families of Chile
is that of Augustin Edwards, who is
now minister from here to the court
of st. James. He has one hacienda
paraiso that supplies 4 part of that
city with milk. He has 500 mich cows.
and he breeds fine dairy stock. He is
also noted as breeder of horses not
only for racing, but for heavy draft.
He has in his stables IS Arabian mares.
so Percherons and 10 Yorkshires. He
has 10 shorthorn bulls, some of which
were brought from England. Another
big dairy hacienda. which also sup
plies Valparaiso, is that of Don Tomas
Eastman. On that estate there are sew
eral thousand cattle, including 1000
mich cows. On the Denoso dairy farm
there are still more. The latter ha-
cienda has the biggest silo in the
world and one of the queerest. 1t is
nothing more than a great ditch $50
feet long. 20 feet wide and IL feet in
depth This is filled with red clover
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-11-01
SCENE ON A CHILEAN RANCH.

there are three or four importing
houses in Chile who have their
travelling statesmen going over the
country drumming each haciendada as
to the Introduction of American harv-
esters, reapers and windmills.
One of the interesting features OF
farming in Chile has to do with the
labor This is made up almost alto
sether of a class known as inquilinos.
or the class of which travellers some
times speak as the rotos. This is
wrong. The word roto is a contemptu-
Gus word. meaning torn or ragged, or,
as it might be called, ragamuffin. The
proper term is inquilino or farmer. He
is a respectable person and he may or
may not be ragged. These people are
the descendants of the Indians and the
immigrants from the northern prov
inces of Spain. They are the laboring
class of the country, and they corre-
spond to the poems of Peru, although
they are far above them in character
and efficiency. They are excellent
workmen, and they can learn almost
anything that requires hardness and
craft. They are very proud and will
not tolerate abuse or insult You might
kick a Peruvian peon and he would
stink away humbly. The Bolivian In
dian is afraid that his master is angry
il he is not punished now and then,
but the inquilino would be likely to re-
sent such treatment and leave. Indeed.
/ doubt II it would be at all safe for
his master to lay his hands on him. On
the haciendas where / have been there
seems to me a good spirit existing between
the haciendado and the laborers. The lat
ter are deferential and the owners sustain
a sort of patriarchal relation toward them
They are interested in treating them
well, for if they do not the inquilinO
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-11-01

that of the richest parts of the Union.
There are crops in sight all the way,
but the fields are divided by rows of
tall poplars or eucalyptus or with
walls Of mud and stone rather than
fences. 1t is only along the railroad
chief buildings to be seen are the great
rambling structures. the homes of the
haciendados and the mean mud-walled
thatch-roofed huts of the laborers-
There are no barns standing out on the
fields, and no elevators at the stations
for storing the grain There are plenty
of cattle and horses, but very few sta
bles or outbuildings. The weather Is
SO mild that the stock Craze out of
doors all the year round. and this is so
all the way from Santiago to the Strait
of Magellan. Therefore there are no
haystacks or Strawstacks. Such grass
and alfalfa as are cut are put up In
bales and shipped to the cities or north
to the nitrate desert, where they bring
higher prices The climate of the CEN
trail valley is about the same as that
of Lower California. save that there is
nearly everything has to be irrigated
At present there are something like
two and half million acres now
reached by artificial canals, and l am
told that it is possible to put water
upon as much more. The most OF the
shall write more fully of them in the
future.
Oxen everywhere take the place Of
horses and mules. They are yoked tG
clumsy carts by wooden bars tied tc
their horns and are driven with long
goads with steel spikes in the ends
Nevertheless. the farming is well done
and on many estates il is equal to tina,
Of the Urit.d States.
NCarls eve ywhc.c the business is Oh
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-11-01

public, although there is an extensive
wheat-growing region below it in
which great forests are now being cut
down and the clearings turned into
farms.
The central valley of Chile is one of
the garden spots of the globe. 1t will
grow anything If it can only have
water. AS one of the haciendados said
on the ground and drop in seed, and,
presto. there is a tree" There is no
part quite SO fertile as that. but trees
do grow here three times as fast as in
North America. l have seen groves of
eucalyptus that are 100 feet high, and
still only ten or fifteen years old. 1
nave already described my visit to
Santa Ines, the fields of which are
walled with poplars as high as
church steeple. There are thousands
Of trees on that estate as high as any
in the eastern part of our country, and
they have all been planted in the past
twenty-five years. 1t is the same with
all kinds of vegetation. In the frri-
gated sections. peach trees bear at one
and two years. and grains and
grasses, including alfalfa, are wonder
fully 1uxuriant- This is SO, notwtth-
standing some of the land has been
under cultivation for many genera
tions. The lands about Santiago have
been titled for 300 years. and today
among them are numbered some of the
fine farms of the world.
IS
But before l describe the big hacien-
das let me tell you a little more about
the region in which they are seated.
The central valley is a wide strip of
low1and ranging in width from fifteen
to hundred miles. and about 700
miles long. II begins above Santiago,
and winds its way south through about
one-fourth of Chile. On the east of 1t
are the snowy walls of the Andes, with
here and there the mighty cone of a
dead volcano rising above the other
peaks, and on the west are the lower
mountains and hills of the Coast
range, their tops almost a desert, but
their foothills covered with green. The
average width of the valley. all told.
is about thirty miles. and its area is
sinia and Maryland. This country is
settled throughout. 1t has many large
Towns along the state railroad, which
.uns through it from one end to the
6her. and the most of it's lands are
Gvided up into large estates.
In the north these estates are all I'M
aer irrigation and 1t Is only in the far
south that the rainfall is sufficient to
dispense with the artificial watering of
The crops. Much of the country is
slightly rolling. It 10 cut by many
by the Andean SHOWS. Some of these
streams carry down a great deal of
silt, making fat the lands over which
they go. Others such as the Bio-bio are
AZ clcar as crystal from one years end
to the other.
Riding southwark through this coun-
try. the scenery is far different from
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-11-01
paws, aroused

paws. aroused himself Tor an instant to
look at the somber-clad figure of a
broad-hatted priest, as the padre
strolled down the street. Then, after
casual recognition with a wave of his
tail, the dog returned to his dreams and
the village drowsed in the sunshine.
The road was bordered by a line OF
stately poplars. and 1t wound. about
half a mile from the little village
chapel at the end Of the house line, into
Il verdant wood. flanked by the neat
little fields in which the women worked.
Out of the. road-pass through the
woods there trotted four horsemen into
the open. One was in the middle of the
road, to the front. one was further to
the rear, while each of the others made
his way near the bitches which marked
The roadside From the right arm of
Zach a slender lance dipped rearward.
while the black and white pennons
which Haunted beneath the spearheads
stood out. then dropped. as the horses
were abruptly refined in.
The patrol had scarcely reached the
open before it was seen by the women.
The toilers stared a moment. as though
overcome with fear and astonishment,
then dropped their implements of TIL
iage and fed precipitately for their
homes within the village.
The uhlans. the uhlans." they
screamed as they ran. "Mary-Joseph
defend u.s." And. panic-stricken, they
stumbled across the fields
the patrol leader, and at the word the
horsemen were galvanized into action
The horses were put squarely to the
hedge intervening between road and
field. and. rising Clearly, they cleared
ditch and hedge and scampered to
where the frightened women had hud-
died in white-faced terror
The corporal in charge of the patrol
smiled upon them kindly. You cannot
go to the village just yet" he said,
but We will not harm you. Remain
here for the present.
4 larger group of cavalry came
through the gap on the road, while, at
the same moment. from a score of
points at the edge of the wood, other
'atrols appeared. pausing a moment to
can the country to the front
A hugle note rang out and the patrols
plunged forward. They started at a
trot, which in moment changed to a
steady gallop and the gallop to a rum
The larger body on the road kept pace
with the advance and the entire line
itreamed helter-skelter across field.
fence and ditch. converging upon the
duiet village. in which, as yet, there
was no sign of life
AS the pounding hoofs beat the road
way to dust. heads were popped out of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-11-01

the enemy's line, prevent reconnais-
sance Of the following main body. break
through the opposing screen and def
nitely locate the position Of the waiting
main body or battle line. defeat the op-
posing cavalry SO as to render 1t in
effective, and always. at any hazard,
get the information gained back to
headquarters
1t is paradoxical. but true, that the
more severely a screen is received and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-11-01

cut up by the enemy. the better it has
performed its mission. The cavalry
must establish contact all along the
line, not merely with the enemy's line
of observation, but with his fighting
forces. When solid barrier of steel
is encountered, the enemy's position is
disclosed and contact must never be
lost.
AS the patrols of the screen pushed
forward, followed by their supporting
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-11-01

OR the past week
/ have been trav-
cling here and
there through the
central valley of
Chile. This ex-
tends from San
tiago to Valdivia,
more than 500
miles south. 1t
contains the larg-
est and best eS-
tates in the re-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-11-01

speedily the masses of the enemy
main forces. as speedily transmit the
information to the cavalry screen as a
forewarning. and then have the news
forwarded to headquarters. that the
maps might be accurately plotted.
The cavalry screen is necessary in
stitution. Two or three days march in
advance of the army, the Independent
cavalry forms a pliable buffer between
the combatant forces. 1t must feel out
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-11-01

This is the fourth OF a series OF pen pic
lures Of modern warfare by an American
army officer who himself has q iot Of
hard lighting The fifth article will appear
next Sunday.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-11-01
Forms a Pliable Buff
fer Between the Com
Blatant Forces-A Hell
ter-skelter Race Across
Field and Fence-A
Melee of Whirling
Horsemen-The End
of a Days Task.

= 1T TIE hamlet
strung itself along
a broad, smooth
highway in the
fr e s h n e g s Of a
sun1it m orn ing.
A few p e a S a n t
women were bend
ing over the har-
v e s I s of I h e ir
fields. A t a W n y
dog. " i t h n o 8 9
Graded on crossed
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-11-01

platoons, wings and squadrons. the
greatest caution to prevent discovery
was used. The lances were reversed.
that no futter of gonfalon might dis
close position. The accouterments,
sabers, cantneens, rifles and equipage
all bright parts covered with cloth or
caked with mud. to prevent glimmer
of sunshine betraying the presence of
the troops.
AS a wooded crest was approached
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-11-01

copyrighted. 1914. by Frank G. Carpen,er,
The Washington times., 1914-12-13
TROOP ENTERTA|NS
INDIAN At BERWYN

Boy Scouts OF Troop Sc. of Berwyn,
are today the hosts of Red Fox James.
a Crow Indian from Montana. who has
Travelled on horseback from his native
State to this city, TO present a petition
10 President Wilson for the establish
ment of a national Indian holiday in Oc-
tober of each year.
Red Fox arrived at Berwyn last night.
and was given an ovation by the boys
Of the troop. He expects to be present.
I'd to President Wilson on Wednesday
by Commissioner Sell, and has request
ed that a delegation of Boy Scouts &C
company him. He has identified him
self with the Boy Scouts ever since
his coming East of the Mississippi river.
and intends to assist in organizing
troops of scouts among the Indians on
the Crow reservation upon his return.
On Tuesday evening he will give an IL
'Estra-ed lecture under the auspices of
Troop IS.
When in New York q short time ago
Red Fox James spent Saturday Win
20 Boy Scouts, and entertained them
with stunts and stories of Indian lore.
He expects to leave Washington for
The West the latter part Of this week.
Next Saturday the members of this
troop Will take a hike in the woods,
accompanied by Assistant Scout Com
missioner Aplin.
The Washington times., 1914-12-13
Georgetown.

ninth. was built upon in 176l, and the
same house is standing today on the
broad eminence overlooking Washing
ton and the Potomac, surrounded by
gnarled and twisted oaks struggling 10
survive the old mansion. II was pur-
chased recently by Mr.. Hollcrith to be
restored and remodeled.
Page and pages could be covered with
the descriptions and histories OF George
towns magnificent homes, these are bus
few that hold the interest. The old
Robinson house. now the Dumbarton
Club. erected by n family named Tur-
ner, Is a fine specimen of the splendid
residences Of n century ago
Others are the Boggs place, almost
, out of sight on the terrace on Dunbar
! ton avenue across from the Machall
Juse; the House of the Good Shepherd,
which was at one time the residence Of
the late Dick Cox, and tho handsome
Earls. and destroyed ~ make way for
the Western High School.
Mrs. George L. Morris, who was Mary
Steele, owns the magnificent old home
Of the Steeles. in Prospect avonUc. near
which is the Stoddert mansion. at
Twenty-fourth. which has been occu-
pied by various interesting families. 1t
was built in I7S5 by Col. Benjamin Stod-
dert, a member OF WashinSton's staff
and the first Secretary Of the Navy
under President Adams. Gen. john Ma
son. William Augustus Washington.
Martineau minister from tho Neither
lands: Pairo, the banker. and DR.. J. w.
Kidwen were some OF its noted resi-
dents.
Used BY Troops.
After the second battle of Bull Run
It's beautiful terraced gardens. which
extended to NJ street. were overrun by
the retreating soldiers. and because of
The Washington times., 1914-12-13
@ Street Bridge Will Bind Smart
Neighborhood Of Sheridan
Circle and the Once FASH
ionable Heights.

its location on the crest of the hill ever
looking the river and Virginia. signals
were constantly sent from there to
troops across the river.
On the next corner at Thirty-flfth
street is the Kearney residence, bulIt
for DR.. Charles Worthington In 49,
whose estate reached in those days from
the river 10 what is now Volta place
DR.. worthington, the first Of long line
of physicians, entertained Geherai
Washington there many times; also,
many wounded officers Were cared ioI
there after the attack on "ashlhslo ii
bv the British ,.,os;-
dence i'm 1860. and 1t has remained IN
his family until the present day: 1 hIs
house was built of brick bought from
ENGLAND. 1t has a rear wall over ~
inc the oId-fashioned garden ana the
old slave quarters. all OF MLiC ~ To-.
The Waters house. at the northeast
corner of Thirty-fourth and o streets
Is al least eighty years old. ~ was
occupied at various times by william
RidgeIy. DR.. Edwin Linthecuh' anu
Col. McHenry Harlingswortn' are
which it was purchased, IN 10, ~, " 9o,o-
seph G. Waters. president OF the PotoI
uac Savings Bank. During the cINii
var that street was a camping ground
and the building was used as a par
racks by the troops. IT,,
The Waggaman house. at Thlrty-thlru
and O streets. now the Bruen home
Is magnificent structure. as also Is
the Bell house, at Thirty-fifth and Vol
IA place. formerly the home OF Dr.
Alexander Melville Bell. T1mothy
O'NeiI built this house in 1915 and sold
n TO DIR. Bell in 1851, who lived there IN
iii the tine Of his. death. when PROF.
Alexander Graham Bell. his son. pre-
scented IL TO the American Association
to Promote the Teaching OF Speech 10
the Deaf.
Two Magnificent Homes.
The Smoot place, the large white
brick colonial house. in street, be-
tween Twenty ninth and Thirteth
streets, and the Dunlop house. on the
next block. are two more of these mag
n,ficent homes which tend to make
that section of the District beautiful
and desirable.
GEORGETOWN has its own traditions, It's
own appeals. The antiquity of the old
city seems to stand to its own people
as n prior claim to distinction over
washington. yet they stand ready to
omen their hearts and doors to the Ma
tionaI Capital. now drawn closer by
the Q street link.
The Washington times., 1914-12-13

Troop No. - IS already busy prepar-
.yg for the rally on December Is for
n troops of Division No. 3. The troop
1eguIar weekly meeting was held on
friday. and plans for the rally we're
EnSSldered.