davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1914-11-27
EATON, OHIO.

Rev. D. r. Wilson of local United
Brethren church, spent part OF last
week at Pleasant Hill, O., where he as
sisted in special services being con
Quoted by Rev. E. P. Huddle, we'll
known in Eaton.
Mrs w. G.. Webb of Gnadenhutten,
is visiting her daughter, Mrs. Warren
Spring.
Charles Mulvhill Of Greenfield, Ind,
spent Thursday here with Mrs Emma
Oxer and daughter, Miss Nell
MI and Mrs. J. H. Jones, D. J. Mus
selman and Jacob Edison were guests
Thursday Of Mr.. and Mrs. Leroy
Brewer at Xenia
Mrs. s. j. Brewer and little son
spent several days last week with her
parents, Mr. and Mrs Sherman Mills,
at West Alexandria.
Mrs. W. f. Young entertained mem
bers of the Bridge Club Saturday after
noon at her home on Bruce street.
Mr.. and Mrs. George Davis and lit
tie son, Of Dayton, are visiting her par
ents, Mr.. and Mrs. c. G. Ross and 9th
er local relatives.
Mr. and Mrs. Holman Roger, Mrs. A.
s. Schlingman and Mrs. Roi Risinger
spent Monday in Oxford.
Mr.. and Mrs Joseph A. Lugar and
son, Joseph, spent Thursday with
| friends at Frankfort, Ind
Try Mrs. Austin's Bag Pancake, sure
| to please you all grocers. 26-7t
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1914-11-27


i
- or university
to
Hema's shaving
handle his
science he yed
UMBRELLA Miss
exceedingly interesting Madeyn Macks
In unraveling the Professor Hemars death
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1914-11-27
Trv This For Your Couch.

Try THIS For Your Cough.
Thousands of people keep coughing
because unable to &c the right rem
edy Coughs are caused by Inflamma-
ton of Throat and Bronchial Tubes.
What you need is to soothe this In
Illumination. Take Dr. Kings New Dis
covery, it penetrates the delicate mu-
cous lining, raises the Phlegm and
quickly relieves the congested mem
branes. Get soc bottle from your
druggist DIR. Kings New Discovery
quickly and completely stopped my
cough writes j.. r. Watts, Floydale.
Texas. Money back If not satisfied, but
it nearly always helps.-Adv.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1914-11-27
NINE. schUMANN-HEINk.

NINE. SCHUMANN-HEINk
There are in New York alone 1O0,-
600 1rishmen ready to go over to Ger
many at the first opportunity and
fight against the allies" This state
ment was made by Nine. Schumann-
Heink, the famous prima donna, in ad-
hitting that she had written a pro
German letter published over her sig
nature in the Berlin Tageblatt. 1--WE
been here for sixteen years. she said.
and am loyal American, but blood is
thicker than water. Half my family
has already been wiped out in this war,
and you can not criticize me if my
sympathies lean strongly toward the
fatherland."
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1914-11-27
The Forum

PARTICLES contributed for this col
umn must not be in excess Of four
hundred words. The identity Of all
contributors must be known to the
editor. Articles will be printed In
the order received
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1914-11-27

Upton Sinclair, the novelist, who has
charged A. F. Thomas and Clayton
Hamilton, authors Of new play that
is making a decided hit on Broadway,
with plagiarism He declared that the
big idea OF the play is identical with
one that he wrote in April. 1913, under
the title THE Great American Play
which he says was read by a number
of theatrical managers. Thomas and
Hamilton scornfully deny Sinclair's al
legations.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1914-11-27

GOWN pains anu
backache, and h ad
h headache q good
deal of the time and
very little appetite.
The pains were SO
bad that / used to
sit right down on the
floor and cry, be-
cause it hurt me 50
and l could not do
any work at those
times. An old wo-
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1914-11-27
n sealock. wife and daughter Of Ok

ford.
Mr.. and Mrs. J. NJ. Sawyer entertain
ed Thursday, Mrs. = T. Mcdonald, of
Spokane. Wash, Messrs. and Mes
danes A. J. and Chalmer Aughee and
the latter's son, Willis Of Fountain
City. ]. r. Gard and Mrs. Hannah
Sawyer. Miss Helen Sawyer Of New
Madison and John NJ. Sawyer OF Co
lumbus.
Margaret, the little daughter Of Mr..
and Mrs. Frank Slorp. is quite Ill.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1914-11-27

| Richmond Lodge 1856, F. & A. NJ. will
elect officers for the ensuing year on
Tuesday 1880 p. m. December 1st.. in
GLIDING one trustee for years.
M. d. Poulter, Sec.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1914-11-27
murray SHOWS
NO SIGN OF FIGHT
TBY PLEASED WIRE.l

SAN FRANCISCO, Nov. 27.-Man-
ager Jack Kearns was leading his
protege Billy Murray around town to-
day without a mark to show that he
had defeated Sailor Petroskey. Kearns
was itching for action and flashed
$4,000 worth of bills that he is willing
to bet Murray can defeat Jimmy Clab-
by in a 20-round bout.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1914-11-27
IN SUCH PAIN
WOMAN CRIED
Suffered Everything UnilRe-
stored to Health by Lydia
e. Pinkham's Vegeta-
bic Compound.

Florence, So. Dakota--"I used to be
very sick every month with bearing
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1914-11-27

SaI-vet, worm destroyer, conditioner
and tonic. Qui9ley Drug Stores. 3-tl
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1914-11-27

Try Mrs. Austins Bag Pancake, sure
to please you, all grOcers. 26-7t
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1914-05-08
TAKE SALTS TO
FLUSH KIDNEYS
EAT LESS MEAT IF YOU FEEL
sAckAcHY OR HAVE BLADDER
TROUBLE.

Meat forms uric acid which excites
and overworks the kidneys in their
efforts to filter 1t from the system.
Regular eaters OF meat must flush the
kidneys occasionally. You must re-
lieve them like you relieve your
bowels; removing all the acids. waste
and poison. else you feel a dull misery
in the kidney region, sharp pains in the
back or sick headache. dizziness. your
stomach sours. tongue is coated and
when the weather is bad you have
heunatic twinges. The urine Is cloudy.
full of SEDIMENT: the channels often
get irritated, obliging you to get up
two or three times during the night.
To neutralize these Irritating acids
and flush off the body's urinous waste
get about four ounces of Jad Salts
from any pharmacy; take tablespoon
full in glass of water before breakfast
for a few days and your kidneys will
then act fine and bladder disorders dis
appear. This famous salts is made
from the acid Of grapes and lemon
juice, combined with lfthia. and has
been used for generations to clean and
stimulate sluggish Kidneys and stop
bladder irritation. Jad Salts is mex
pensive; harmless and makes de-
lightful effervescent lithiawater drink
which millions of men and women take
now and then, thus avoiding serious
kidney and bladder diseases. ~.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1914-05-08
Northern Io1ua Items

Renaissance style OF architecture. and
is constructed OF white brick with stone
trimmings. 1t will have marble affairs
rails and vestibules Mosaic floor and
Munich glass windows. The Rev. w
K. Norton is the pastor and the Rev
Father Reynolds assistant. The church
will cost close to $4,000.
Cedar Rapids.
Saturday night, William Julien
freight conductor for the Milwaukee
railroad, opened the door of mer'
chandise car in the milwaukee,
yards, and as soon is he swung his
lantern to throw light into the car
two men, evidently thieves. jumped
over his head, and ran, disappearing
in the shadows of the yard. Later
Conductor Julien found that seals OF
seven merchandise cars had been brok-
en-. Whether merchandise had been
stolen from the cars could not be as
certained Immediately. This is the
second breaking OF seals on milwaukee,
cars In this city. Some time age
several cars were broken into and
robbed in the local yards.
Gowrie.
The Methodist and Congreg ational
churches Of Gowrie have been holding
series OF evangelistic Sunday school
meetings for the past week. services
being held in each church every other
night Mr.. and Mrs. Paul S. Deitrick
of Lincoln, Neb.. have been assisting
the pastors and Sunday school super
intendents to bring into the Sunday
school, children and grown-ups VIC
had dropped out. A house to house
canvass Of the town and SURROUNDING
country was taken. and every effort pu,
forth to bring people into the Sunday
schools in Gowrie. The effort was not
in vain. as many were brought In. MI
Dietrich Is an able speaker: in the SIX
lectures given. ne furnished much ma
terial for the teachers and superin-
tendents to work upon.
Dubuque.
Contracts are now being signed FOL
;; excursion trips this season on the va
rious excursion boat lines and II !!
! reported that all excursions out o
lowe ports on the Wisherd and Streck
| fus lines this season will be dry" un'
der q provision In the contracts. An
other excursion steamer line, however
| It il reported. intends to make figh
| on the question Of tabooinE the sale o
liquor on excursions from Iowa cities
| The steamboat captains had consid
cradle difficulty near the close OF thu
| season when orders were issued to pro
hibit the sale OF liquor on the steamer:
! operating out OF Iowa towns. There
was considerable opposition on the par
OF some OF them and in some cases ar
rests were made. Some of the boats
closed their bars when In Iowa ports
opening them after the boat had passed
+ city and county lines.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1914-05-08
Maxwell News Items.
Il IN Times Republican.

Special To Times Republican.
Maxwell, May S.-The Story County
Telephone Company has bought the
building known as the Graves build
ing. until recently occupied by the
Cooper millinery store. The old build
ing which Will be used to store sup
plies in Is being moved 10 the rear OF
the lot and the company expects to
build one-story brick building In
which to install the exchange.
The Maxwell Electric Light and
Power Company Is placing poles IN
side the city limits now and expects to
he ready for business inside Of elk
weeks Mr. Ost'inE. who has the con =
tract for putting up the poles between
here and Nevada. has a large force OF
men at work and will rush It thru as
soon as possible. Many OF the resi-
denoes have been wired as have most
OF the business houses.
The foundation for the new $4,000.
Presbyterian church Is laid and the
brick work Is started. The brick are
from Minnesota and are in two colors.
1t is expected to dedicate tho church
by Sept. 1. When completed II viii
he the most handsome church in this
part Of the county.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1914-05-08
May Help You II
Lungs Are Affected

Proper diet, fresh air and temperate
habits are beneficial to persons suffering
from Lung Trouble: but in great many
instances reports show that the addition
Of n medicine for this affection has ma
terially helped in bringing about recovery.
For more than fifteen years Eckman'a
Alternative, a medicine for Throat and
Lung Troubles. has accomplished good
results. Read what. 1t did in this case:-
Madison Lake, MINI.
Gentlemen: In Deem ber 1908, March,
1909, and September; 1900, j was taken
with hemorrha1ee c14the lungs which con
fined me seyeralSN5eeks;s eaeS, time 70 my
1 bed. Ny doctor adytsed meysto 70 west
In November started Tor Denver,
Col. After: my arrival I met Michael
Brody, Who upon learning Of my conCii-
ton, urged me to take Eckman's Altera-
tive. I kept on taking the medicine and
improved fast. In March,, 1910, | re-
y turned home. am entirely well, have
q good appetite aud sleep we'll When
/ left Denver my weight was 100 pounds.
now weigh 165, my normal weight I
thank God and your Alternative for my
(Afidavit) PAUL u. FAsNAcHr.
above abbreviated: more on reQuest.) -
Eckman's Alternative has been proven by
many years test to be most effcacious
for severe Throat and Lung Affections,
Bronchitis. Bronchial Asthma. Stubborn
Colds and in upbuilding the system.
Contains no narcotics. poisons or habit
forming drugs Ask for booklet telling
OF recoveHes, and write to Eckman
Laboratory. Philadelphia. Pa, for evil
dence. For sale by all leading druggists
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1914-05-08
Disease Among Horses.

Muscatine. May S.-The importation
of livestock is believed to be the cause
Of the appearance Of fever which is
raging among the horses In the vlcin :
ity Of West Liberty. County Crop Ad-
wiser Kirkpatrick has been informed
as 10 the ravages of the disease. Fully
one fifth of the horses on the farms
in that locality are unfit for work and
the loss Of several valuable animals is
reported DR.. Heck, veterinarian
has been treating the diseased animals
with serum and it is understood that
the vaccination has proven generally
successful.
The disease Is referred to AZ ship
ping fever and it is believed that the
first animals affected We're those
shipped into the country.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1914-05-08

Cresco.
Lewis w. Perry. former resident
of Cresco, and brother OF A. d. ano
W. B. Perry. has been appointed chlei
farmer on the White Earth Indian
reservation. For number OF years Mr.
Perry has been head of the Beaulieu
Indian boarding school. His long ex-
perience with the Indians on the reser-
walton fits him admirably for his new
duties.
Carroll.
Last Wednesday night In the Pres
byterian church the new pastor, rev
J. P. Lester, Jr., was formally in
stalled bv representatives OF the Fort
Dodge presbytery. Rev. DR.. E. ~
Hastings presided and he was assisted
bv DR.. Parker. OF Glidden, and Rev
w. I. Caldwell of Jefferson. A master
full address was delivered by DR.. Hast
ings. He was followed by the Rev
Caldwell who charged the pastor.
Cedar Rapids.
A cablegram was received in this
city Sunday conveying the news Oh
the death Of Miss Loduska Wirick. a
missionary who has been In the ser
vice of the Christian church In Japan
for the past twenty three years. MISS
Wirick's death occurred In Toxic
following a short illness Of peritonttis
Miss Wirick was well known in this
city. having been born In Cedar county
near Upton, and having relatives In
this city and in Marion.
AIsona.
The Algona ministers played Joke
upon their respective congregations
last Sunday. At secret meeting they
agreed to change pulpits. The names
of the churches were placed In q MAJ
and each drew name. Not even the
wives Of the ministers were made
aware Of their intentions and there
was much CONSERVATION and wonder
ing when the new minister opened w
the services.
Manning.
Unless the unforeseen happens Man
ming will see paved streets this sum
mer. At an adjourned meeting OF the
council Monday evening II was ths
unanimous vote OF the members OF tina
body to order Main street paved. ?. A
Edquist. an Omaha civil engineer. Wa'
here and furnished plans and speech
cations for the work. Report has Il
that Main street will be paved from
Milwaukee railroad to the Northwest
ern. with the side streets paved a bloch
each way from Main street.
Waukon.
TIL handsome new st. Patrick's Cath.
Ollie church is rapidly nearing compile.
ton here. The bell has been placed II
the tower and the interior Is beina
rushed to completion. This splendid
edifice IL 100 feet long and sixty fee
wide. II 10 of the Spanish mission o
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1914-05-08
SAC CITY WOMAN GETS STOMACH
RELIEF AFTER DOCTORS GIVE UP

Just such reports come nom AL 60
the country. Thousands know the IT,
merit OF this remedy. Tho nrst d.
convinces--no long treatment.
Mayr's Wonderful Stomach Remedy
clears the digestive tract of mvcoeh
accretions and poisonous matter. ~
brings quick relief to sufferers from
stomach, liver and bowel ailments.
Many declare II has saved them from
dangerous operations: many arc sure
1t has saved their lives.
Because OF the remarkable success OF
this remedy there are many imitatore.
so be cautious. BE sure It's MAYRS.
Go to a. 7. Elders drug store and ask
about the wonderful results II has been
accomplishments send to Geo. H.
Mnyr, Mfg. Chemist. 15&-lSs Whiting
ST.. Chicago. H.. for free book on st0rn-
ach ailments and many grateful letters
from people who have been restored.
Any druggist can tell you it's wonderful
effects. "
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1914-05-08

came TO Carroll county in the early
sixties. locating At Old Oaroaton. but
removed to Carroll whom the seat Of
county government was transferred to
this oity,. engaging In the dray bust
ness, which he followed up TIL ten
years ago. His second marriage was to
Miss Catheryn Reynolds. OF this city
who died number Of years ago. since
which time he has lived with his
daughter. Mrs. +. b. Lawrence.
Early pioneers recall the days when
Mr. Oldham, in company with Strong
Davis, Of Carrollton. walked the entire
distance. 126 miles, to Sioux City
where they had been drawn az federal
grand Jurors. At that early date the
mode OF travel was somewhat primi-
tive. there being no railroads from this
part Of the state into Sioux City.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1914-05-08
81 ceuent ID lnic''
MRS. S. A. WEIR,
s27 w. 18th St, Pueblo. Col.

"Per,ina ID an excellent tonic for
the weakness that follows grip. II
everybody could have bottle or two
.,pf Psruna after they have had grip
they would get we'll q great deal
sooner than they usually do.
! ~There 10 no better medicine in
che world for colds and grip than
Peruna. One bottle did more to re-
,iieve me Of . bad cold and case Of
grip than any remedies that I have
aver taken"
othsr things being equal, The
ready TO take medicine II the
cheaper. On this phase Of tho sub.
iieet Mrs. Weir says:
! II am q widow with very small
income. and have to look to every
penny very CLOSELY. Under these
circumstances your. medicine is
'godsenA to me. One bottle Of Peruna
has accomplished for me more than
an expensive course Of treatment Of
any other sort. OF this feel sure.
AS a matter Of economy every one
ought to. have a bottle Of Peruna lin
(, the house."
81 Speak from Experience"
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1914-05-08
Mrs. Myr;ek Finds hsrssk on the Way
to New Health After Taking .
Few Doses Of Remedy.

Mrs. Perry Myrick. OF Sac City, Iowa,
sufferer from serious digestive trou-
bles. was In despair after three physi-
clans had told her that the only hope
was In consulting IL specialist.
She tr ed u dose OF Mayr's Wonderful
Stomach Remedy.
The swift results surprised and
pleased her. Che took several more with
marked Improvement.
MIR. Myrick in discussing the case
with Charles Brynteson. his druggist,
remarked
My wife has doctored with three d,f-
ferent doctors. with no results. They
stated that she could get no help unless
she consulted n specialist. She has now
used four doses OF Mayrs Wonderful
Stomach Remedy and feels better than
she has for years"
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1914-05-08
EPISCOPAL chURcH MEETING TO
Dc HELD m COUNCIL
bluffs.
THREE HUNDRED DELEGATES
FROM ALL PARTS OF STATE
May II and 10 Days For Iowa Diocese
Miss Alice French to Have Promi-
Omaha Church Disnitaries TO 30
Hsard-Eiaborats Local Plans.

Council Bluffs, May S--Among the
most important meetings to be held In
Council Bluffs this year is the diocesan
convention Of the Episcopal diocese Of
Iowa, which will begin two day ses-
sion here May II. More than 800 dele
delegates from something over 100 par
ishes Of the state are expected. be-
sides the members Of the womans aux
iliary which meets concurrently with
the main convention.
Both the rector and the congregation
OF st. Paul's parish are determined to
Guido their former efforts in the way
of entertainment of the convention and
Dr. Buxton in speaking of the coming
meeting said that turnout the diocese
there is a feeling that Council BLUFFS
is the most pleasant point in the sta,e
for the convention. RecOllectionS OF the
hospitality shown by the parish and by
the city at large on the occasion of the
convention held in the city fifteen
years ago are still vivid in memory OF
Episcopalians who attended the former
meeting.
Reception Of Delegates.
Saturday evening May l6. recep-
ton for the delegates will be held at
the home of Dr. and Mrs. Donald Mac
rae and a star az the business OF the
convention will permit the entire time
Of the visiting churchmen will be filled
socially. Other arrangements for the
entertainment of the delegates vii lhe
announced shortly.
The local parish has arranged to
meet every delegate at the railway sta :
ton with an automobile. accommoda-
lions will be waiting in the homes or
the city and everything possible Will
be done to show the pleasur" Council
Bluffs feels at the opportunity 70 en-
terrain the church.
Sunday morning services Will begin
at 7 O'Clock and the entire day will be
filled with special services. The hishop
OF wyoming, Rt. Rev. DR.. Thomas. will
preach at the morning service. The
evening service Will be distinctly a
missionary meeting for which an e!ab-
crate program ~ IN preparation,
Speakers From Abroad.
convention VIII be Bishop Williams OF
Omaha. Rev. Samuel Fl. Bishop OF
New York City. Henry Stanley $ XII
bourne Of the board Of religious educa-
ton of New York City.
Perhaps the most prominent delegate
to the woman.s conference viii be Miss
Alice French of Davenport whose rep
utation as an author. Under the per
name OF Octave sThanetr is nation
wide. Miss. F.rane1wlll shave'a apromi-
nent-place .onsvi svam OF the wom-
ems meeting Ind heF Visit, also will he
made the occasion OF several distinct
ly feminine soejA events.
DR.. Buxton IS swaiting the arrival OF
the official progran from Bishop Nor
rison Of the diocese. before making an
nouncement Of. the meetings. The
business sessions will begin Monday
and probably viii extend into Tuesday
All reports will be submitted In print
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1914-05-08
"a form and expedition will mark the
disposition Of the business OF the con-
vention.
IOWA ROADS FEDERATION.
Dranoh Of National Highways Assoeia
tion Formed In hawksys State.

Special to Times Republican.
Des Moines, May S-The National
Highways Association has issued a
charter for a division in Iowa to be
known as the Iowa Good Roads Fed
Grafton, Iowa division of the National
Highways Association.
A meeting OF the seven trustees, to-
gether with the tifty-three men who
will act al state councillors. has been
called for Thursday. May 14th at the
Slavery hotel. Des Molnes z. d. Dun
lap, Of Columbus. o.. assistant director
general OF the National Highways AS
ISOLATION has had personal charge or
the work and he has enlisted the efforts
OF coterie OF men who VIII carry TO
completion the plans of the assocIa-
ton.
The OFFICER. OF the federation EN-
brace list OF men prominent thruout
the state for their activity on the good
roads question They are:
President. Thomas y. Murphy. Req
Oak; vice president r, II. Spauldins'
Grinnell. Secretary. Joe u. Long, Dies
Moines; treasurer. Kent c. Ferman.
Cedar Rapids, director, d. 3. Long
Russell.
Executive committee--C. d Oldham,
chairman. Perry: F.. II. Spauiding,
Grinnell: j. l.. Long. Des Moines,
Trustees-W NJ keeley chairman
Washington: Floyd Douglass. Fort
Dodge: Thomas d. Murphy. Red OAK ;
+ n, Spaulding. Grinnell; Joe l.. Long,
Des Moines: Kent G. Ferman, CEDAR
Rapids: c. d. Oldham. Perry.
The primary object OF the state
Good Roads Federation is to build a
great organization in Iowa on sub
stantial business basis. and the broad :
est possible foundation for the better :
ment OF rural conditions. and the aid
in the rapid construction of hrs'
class system of 1856 day in the year
roads.
Governor George w. Clarke has ac-
cepted and is at present member Oh
the council of governors OF the Ma
tional Highways Association, and j
w Holden and Fl. c. Beard. OF the
Iowa state highways commission are
members OF the council or commis
sioners.