davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1914-01-08
the results Of the hindering pro-

the results Of the hindering pro-
cess.
Into five different test tubes a
culture was placed, and into each
culture few yeast plants or cells
were placed. The culture in the
first tube consisted Of 1 part alcohol
to 900 parts Of other liquid; the 2nd
contained part alcohol TO 90 parts
Of other liquid; the Bird contained
part to Q; the 9Th contained 5 per
cent alcohol while in one tube there
was only pure culture with no al
cohol at all. After a few hours the
number Of yeast cells were counted
in cubic millimeter Of each kind
OF liquid. The culture that contain
ed no alcohol had 2O6i yeast cells
IN one GU. m, M; tube number 4
contained 1891 cells in one GU. m.
M; tube number two contained 992
cells; tube number three had S52,
and tube number four had only 90
cells in a cubic millimeter. Thus
we see that the presence Of alcohol
even in very small quantities in.
tcrferes with the growth Of cells
in the yeast plant II is not
long stretch Of the imagination TO
conclude that IL will interfere seri-
ously with the growth of the cells
the white blood corpuscles and
others-in the human body.
! shall give one more illustration
to show how the use of alcohol is
closely related to sickness and death.
go again to the records of insur-
ance companies. If there are any
figures in the world that tell the
truth they are insurance figures.
Insurance tables are built upon a
thoroughly scientific basis, and il is
very necessary for the companies
to know the exact truth about the
probable length of life Of individu-
ais before they can make a table OF
rates that will be reliable.
A number of European life insur-
ance companies made this investi-
cation which extended over q per-
iod Of more than half a century
and involved the life records Of mil
lions Of men. The companies divid-
ed the men into three groups, all
"A "a, "a ina ~
ticth year Of age. One group con-
tanned the men who drank moder-
ately after they were twenty till
their death; the third group con-
tanned the men who drank heavily
after twenty until their death. II
was found that the first group-the
non-drinkers-die on the average
at the age Of sixty-four, this giving
them an expectation Of "a years.
The second group-the occasional
drinkers died on the average at
the age Of 81 this giving them an
expectation of 81 years. The third
group-the heavy drinkers-died on
the average at the age OF 80, having
an exception Of only IS years.
Group one lived their full time and
died at the end Of IL years; group
two gave IS years of life for 81
years Of occasional drinking; group
three gave 20 years of life for 10
years Of heavy drinking.
| did a little figuring here and
was astounded TO learn that every
heavy drink a man takes costs him
an hour Of life. This statement may
not be scientifically correct, but it
is nearly enough correct to make
n young man think many times be-
fore he begins TO drink liquors of
any kind in any quality. How
many years do you as young man
wish to cut off at the other end of
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1914-01-08
INDIVIDUAL PREMIUMS.

AS already explained The Citizen
is so costly a paper to edit and pub
lish that we cannot reduce the
price. We have. however, secured
three good bargains for our readers.
Any person who sends us one dol
lar for new subscription or a re-
newal may by adding twenty-five
cents receive a premium worth one
dollar. There are three premiums
two for women: jack-knife, a pair
Of scissors, and a book-the House.
hold Guide.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1914-01-08

pect to size of fourth class mail.
Parcels of such matter greater in
size than ~ inches in length and
girth combined can not be accept
ed for mailing.
On and after March i6, 1914, The
parcel post will be extended so as
to include books. The rate of post
age on books shall be one cent for
each two ounces or fraction Of an
ounce up to eight ounces and on
those weighing in excess of eight
ounces the regular zone rate shall
apply.
ID n. Welch, p. NJ, Berea, Ky.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1914-01-08
Portuguese Government on Verge
of Collapse.

II seems to be only a question Of
short time till the expected break
up of Portugal will take place. All
that prevents the government from
being overthrow at the present
time is the fact that the revolution
lists have no acknowledged leader.
The British and German govern
ments are negotiating in regard to
the Portuguese colonies in Africa.
Just what will become of Portugal
itself no one has been able to pro-
phesy.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1914-01-08
WORLD NEWS.
Continued from Page 0ne.)
Huerta Releases the IDENTITIES

Twenty-six deputies, members Of
the Mexican parliament, who were
imprisoned by Huerta last October,
have been released today. The for
mer Minister of Justice and also Of
Public Education are still in prison.
The judge of the courts declared in
the case of the men released that
there was no ground for the charge
of treason which was made against
them.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1914-01-08
S350,000 For Transylvania.

Robert A. Long, a wealthy lum-
Der dealer, formerly of Shelby Coun-
ty, has given si,OOO,OOO to the Disci..
pie Church, providing an additional
five million be raised. This fund
will be distributed among various
UNCONVENTIONAL institutions, $780,
600 Of it going to Pennsylvania. The
University is to be congratulated on
its good fortune.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1914-01-08

the dance at important public balls,
as most of the men dancers are army
men.
Dancing of the tango has also been
prohibited at the most elaborate fes-
tival in the city hall during the
carnival season.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1914-01-08
SEX HYGIENE.
Lecture and Exhibit for all Parents.

Very important exhibit, which is
being sent from city to city, touch
ing instruction in sex hygiene has
reached Berea, and is on exhibition
at the Industrial Building. It is
open to parents, and there will be
four lectures to explain the pictures
and charts which are on exhibition,
These lectures are given in the
Agricultural room in the Industrial
Building at II O'Clock and 1880 on
Saturday and Monday. All parents
are invited.
Admission to both lectures and ex-
hibits free.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1914-01-08
THE TEACHER AND THE TEMPER.
ANCE QUESTION.
CONTINUED from rage one,

many mature people as any other
disease. Every physician knows
that the man who drinks is much
more likely 10 die when he becomes
sick with this disease than the man
who does not drink. In order TO
test this matter doctor not very
long ago made an interesting ex-
pertinent with two rabbits. One he
fed regularly with water the other
he fed regularly with wine. lie
inoculatcd both with pneumonia
germs and waited for results. In
few hours the total abslaincr, af-
ter, being bit indisposcd, was run
ming about as IL nothing unusual
had happened; and the tipler
promptly developed violent case
Of pneumonia, took a. his bed and
died. What is true Of these rab-
bits is true also Of men and women
and every doctor knows it.
II used to be the custom to give
sick people wine or brandy or
whiskey very frequently because
IL was thought that this was the
best way to help them get well. We
know now that this is one of the
Nurest ways to hasten their death.
iany people still insist that those
sick with pneumonia, tuberculosis
and other seed diseases should have
plentiful supply Of alcohol to
drink, but the wisest doctors know
better. II is especially harmful in
cases of tuberculosis. Whenever
the patient takes big drink OF
brandy he drives another nail in
his coffin. An investigation was
made by a great physician about
twelve years ago in French sana-
torium where large number OF
tubercular patients were being
treated and il was learned that
~ per cent Of these patients
were avowed alcoholics, q per
cent were moderate drinkers, q per
cent were occasional drinkers. and
only 6 per cent were total abstain
ers. In another hospital ward there
were &c tubcrcular patients, 81 of
whom were users Of alcohol.
In one province of France where
people used certain amount OF
wine per capita the death rate per
1900 people from tuberculosis was
80. In another province where peo-
pie used three times as much wine
per capita the death rate per 1900
was i0s per cent.
Now you must not suppose that
using alcohol causes people to get
tuberculosis. The disease does not
come from the alcohol. but the use
81 alcohol does prepare the body
for the disease. II weakcns the It's
sues and intoxicates the white cor
puscles. or even binders their
growth nearly altogether, so that
when the tuberculosis germ enters
the body Ia do its deadly work IL
does not have To overcome a strong
bodyguard before IL begins its
work Of tissue destruction.
You wonder how the presence of
alcohol intcrferes with the growth
Of the white corpuscles. You must
remember that the white corpus
cles are cells. They are produced
IN the marrow Of the bones and in
few other parts of the body. As
to just what chemical process goes
on when alcohol is present shall
not attempt to explain. but the fol-
lowing experiment will illustrate
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1914-01-08
IN OUR OWN STATE.

zalion as the Community Welfare
and Progress Association" that the
country schools be consolidated
having one graded school for each
community. That agricultural ex-
perts be appointed in each county
That agricultural account-keeping
be encouraged so that farms might
be run on a business basis.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1914-01-08

life? If you decide to get rid of
a portion of life for a little drink
ing, you can figure it out; take your
drinks and count the hoursl
shall now discuss Alcohol and
Morality.
To be continued.)
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1914-01-08
Huge Skeleton Found in Virginia.

The skeleton of huge mastodon
unearthed near Blue Ridge Springs,
Va, will be sent to the Smithsonian
Institute at Washington. II meas
ures thirty feet in length, with a
jaw four feet in width, ribs six
inches wide, teeth five inches in
width and tusks five feet in length.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1914-01-08
Tango Forbidden.

Uniformed officers Of the Austri-
an army are forbidden by a War
Office edict to dance the tango at
public balls. This practically bars
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1914-01-08
UNITED STATES NEWS

made due to previously existing inc
qualities and after special consider
alton of each individual case. The
reductions total $1,000 and affect
fifty employees. The increases total
over $4,000 and affect 400 men.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1914-01-08

an hour of life. This statement may
not be scientifically correct, but it
is nearly enough correct to make
n young man think many times be-
fore he begins TO drink liquors of
any kind in any quality. How
many years do you as young man
wish to cut off at the other end of
The Washington herald., 1914-11-15

action. are other features Of the navy
exhibit
A small arsenal, fully equipped and
engaged in making ammunition, is to be
exhibited in the Ordnance Department
of the United States Army. The chief
of this department, Brigadier General
William Crozier, is taking personal
charge Of the preparation and display Of
this exhibit. The electrically operated
machinery and the officers and men who
will use 1t in making ammunition at the
electrical exposition and motor show will
come from the. Frankfort Arsenal at
Philadelphia.
However, most of the $50 exhibits al
ready arranged, and which make this
forthcoming exposition, which is the
eighth annual one in New York, the
largest of its kind ever held anywhere,
are devoted to a more peaceful use Of
electricity, to its constructive rather than
its destructive employment. The govern
ment also participates In this phase Of
the exposition, for a United States mint,
The Washington herald., 1914-11-15

it enters into a wide variety of uses.
For the purpose of showing how i'm
portant a part electricity plays in mod
ern warfare, the army and navy OF the
United States are arranging q series OF
special exhibits to be included In the
electrical exposition and motor show to
be held in New York city. &c..
One of these exhibits will show the use
OF electricity in coast defense service.
1t will embrace the mining of harbors,
handling of big guns, signal devices and
lines of communication. the use of
searchlights, etc, in all OF which. cleo
tricity plays a more or less important
part. One of the navy exhibits will be
the bridge OF battleship, complete in
every detail, and showing how electricity
is used to control the great fighting
ships Of this nation, and, incidentally,
how those of other nations now at war
are handled when they go into action.
How electricity is employed in sub
marines and the new electric cooking
range for warships, also to be shown in
The Washington herald., 1914-11-15
Economic Work of Your Heart

IN reading paper recently on Heart
Strain and Its Prevention" before the
Institute Of Hygiene, DR.. ]. Strickland
Goodsll drew attention to the enormous
amount of work done by the heart.
From before birth until, usually, a short
time after death 1t beats uninterruptedly
at rates varying from 10 to 160 or more
contractions a minute, doing at each con-
traction enough work to raise a two
pound weight through a foot. Some con-
ception of the work done can be gauged
by placing a two-pound weight in the
hand, resting the elbow, and raising and
lowering the weight from the level of
the elbow to the shoulder.
Acute heart strain Is dificult to pro-
duce in young, well nourished and
healthy adult; but 1t is very easy to pro-
duce II the heart muscle Is anemic,
or the seat Of degenerative
change. When the heart Is strained IL
loses its power Of doing extra work.
Cases have been observed In which the
heart had actually burst, and one case In
which an animal had ruptured its heart
and died from emotion. Heart strain
may be induced by some Of the common,
actions Of everyday life, as,
for instance, in the action of running
TO catch train. In an actual experiment
made on q person with healthy heart,
before the run the hsart rate was 76 per
minute, and the heart was doing 152
Of work q minute; after the
nun the heart rate was $50 per minute
The Washington herald., 1914-11-15

and the heart was doing $50 foot-pounds
rninute-an increase of 228 foot
pounds per minute. Great strain may also
be imposed upon the heart by ascend
ing stairs hurriedly.
Emotions affect the heart, and as a re-
suit Of anger the work of the heart
may be increased from 152 to 224 foot
pounds per minute. Keep your tenn
per" is, therefore, good physiological sd
vice. When the cardiac rate and work are
increased by strenuous exertions, It
is not only during the actual exer-
tion that the hearts work is in
creased, but extra work continues to be
done for some time after the cessation
OF the exertion. The enormous amount of
total extra work done by the heart Is
shown in the experiment of riding a BIZ
cycle uphill, the gradient being In 10,
the length 2,s04 feet, and the time of the
ride three and one-haH minutes In q
tested example the extra work would
have raised one and one-eighth tons
through one foot
The work Of the heart could be econ
omized In many ways. II one went to
bed every night at 10 instead Of II, the
heart would be saved $4,000 foot
pounds Of work year; by lying down
half an hour daily there would be an
annual economy OF 21S.00o foot-pounds:
an hours rest every Sunday would save
e2,4o0 foot-poundB; and By spending
every Sunday IN bed instead Of sIseptng
eight hours, the saving IN the year
would be sss.40o foot-pounds
The Washington herald., 1914-11-15
FREEZE
CIDER to
MAKE it
KEEP!

THE specialists Of the fruit and vegsta-
BILE utilization laboratory Of the De-
partment Of Agriculture have COM
pleted arrangements for a commercial
test Of the recently discovered method Of
concentrating apple cider by freezing and
centrifugal methods As a result a cider
mil in Hood River Valley, ore. win this
Iall undertake to manufacture and test on
the retail market 1000 gallons of concen-
rated cider, which viii represent 5000
gallons OF ordinary apple cider with only
the water removed
The new method, It is believed, makes
possible the concentrating of cider in
such way that II viii keep better than
raw cider and also be 50 reduced in bulk
that Il can be shipped proftably long
distances trom the apple..groWing regions.
Inc old attempts to concentrate cider by
boiling have been failures because heat
destroys the delicate flavor Of cider Un-
DER the new method nothing is taken
frof1 the cider but the water, and the re-
sultAnt product Il a thick liquid which
contains all the apple-juice products and
can be restored to excellent sweet cider
BY the simple addition Of four parts Of
water. The shippers and consumers,
therefore, avoid paying freight on the wa
ter In ordinary cider. In addition, the
product, when properly barreled, because
OF Its higher amount of sugar keeps bet
ter than raw cider, which quickly turns
to vinegar
The process as described by the de-
partment's specialists consists of freez-
Ing ordinary cider solid. The cider ice Is
then crushed and put into centrifugal ma
chimes such as are used in making cane
sugar. When the cider ice is whirled
rapidly the concentrated juice is thrown
on and collected. The water remains in
the machine as ice.
At ordinary household refrigerator
temperatures this sirup-like cider will
keep perfectly for a month or six weeks,
and II kept at low temperatures in cold
storage will keep for prolonged periods
At ordinary house temperatures it Of
course will keep shorter time.
To make the concentrated sirup, the
cider mill must add to its equipment an
ice-makfng machine and centrifugal ma
chinery, so that the process is not practi-
cable on a small scale. The specialists are
hopeful, however, that the commercial
test soon to be inaugurated in Oregon
will show that 1t will be possible for ap-
pie growers to concentrate their excess
cider and ship 1t proftably to the far
South and other. non-producing regions.
The specialists also believe that it will
enable apple producers to prolong the
market for cider
The Washington herald., 1914-11-15

THERE are a hundred artful
dodges for turning the tables
upon an enemy in battle. To i'm
itate the enemy's bugle-eaIl, to wear
his uniform or make him waste his
ammunition upon dummy guns
these are all parts of the game of war,
as is also the placing of sharpshoot-
ers in holes and bushes so as to pick
of men serving the enemy's guns.
Pitfalls and pointed stakes are mil
itary traps as old as history, but
barbed wire is very deadly novelty.
Imagine a squadron of cavalry en-
tced in the twilight of dawn into a
welter of barbed wire. The horses
fall and cannot get up again, but lie
The Washington herald., 1914-11-15
TRAINING French Army HORSES

young horse when being
made to canter or trot
round these lanes. There
are three of these pad
docks" At the age of
four the young horse is
backed and begins his
more serious training.
which Is not completed
until he Is six or seven
years old, according to the
progress he makes. All
these horses, on mobili-
zation, are allotted to
stan officers, ETC., Of the
different army corps, and
by this method a highly
trained, well-conditioned
thoroughbred h orse is
available at a moments
notice for nearly every
staff officer who will re-
quire to be mounted. The
thoroughbred horse IL
much preferred at the
school.
The Washington herald., 1914-11-15

and come at that age to
Saumur. At the age of
three til cir education
commences. They are
first Of all lunged on the
maidan and subsequent
ly driven over the bars
and small fences in the
"paddocks." These pad
docks" are enclosures
thirty-three yards long
by fifteen yards wide, and
are enclosed with q high
furZe fence, which COM
pletely obscures the view
of the young horse from
anything outside which
might distract his atten-
tion.
! lane three yards
wide runs around the in
side edge of these en-
closures, across which
are placed bar-rails and
small bush-fences. Every
kindness Is shown the
The Washington herald., 1914-11-15
WORK-BAG Gand SPOOL HOLDER

A DELAIDE s. HEMsTREET, of In
n dian Head, Canada, has Just been
granted q patent for combination
crochet vork-bag and spool-holder The
Work-bag is suspended on belt. On the
belt also is placed sheet metal bracket
with arms for holding the SPOOL This al
lows the thread to be easily unwound as
Il il being used. There is no chance for
the spool to slip on ones lap and roll
across the floor and for the thread to be-
come tangled. 1t is q practical invention
which should appeal to all women who
are still old-fashioned enough to do cro-
eheting.
The Washington herald., 1914-11-15
NOISES That We DON'T HEAR

NHYsICIsTs have shown the world
- Of warning men that the firing line
OF soldiers ~ust be regulated II
fewer casualties are to result. Close
upon. the enemy's hre or far away result
in the most unbeatable wounds; midway
between the range Of the ride bullets is
the satisfactory position.
The reason 10 that the distance which
Q bullet travels Il divided into three
parts. the nrst distance the bullet travels
or sidswise; the middle distance it
The Washington herald., 1914-11-15

A T Saumur. the great
"a Ere mel h military
riding school, there
are some 1000 horses.
The majority Of these are
thoroughbreds; some are
Anglo-Arabs, and a few
half-bred. Such a stable
of close on 1000 horses,
with the condition, quail
ity, and power which
these animals have, can
certainly be found no
where else in the world.
The greater proportion
of these horses are pur-
chased by the Remount
Department; however, a
few are bought from OF
the race course by the
Ecuyer = en- Chef. They
are purchased as two
year-olds and upwards,
The Washington herald., 1914-11-15
ELECTRICITY PLAYS IMPORTANT Part in Modern WARFARE

LOW widespread and important is
the use of electricity in modern
warfare. as It is now being waged
in Europe, is not generally understood.
From sparkling the motor of the
swift-hying armored airship. or the heav-
fly loaded motor truck of the commits
sary department, to revolving the tur-
rets and controlling the fire of great
battleships, or setting on the mines
which destroy these monsters of the sea,
The Washington herald., 1914-11-15

sleeps" or moves on an exact plane,
and the third distance, being partly
spent, 1t wabbles in a serpentine move
ment again. When the bullet sleeps
1t cuts a clean hole through the part
Of the body hit, but when 1t is on the
arst or final distance it tears a jagged
hole and moves either up or down and
In likely to remain in the body.
When the battle range Is regulated in
such manner that the line OF soldiers
IL exposed to the range Of the Sleep
ing" bullets there is less work for the
ambulance corps.
The Washington herald., 1914-11-15

actually in operation making real money,
is TO be shown under the direction Of
George Roberts. director of the mint,
Washington, D. c. An electrical dairy,
where real cows are MIXED. and butter
and cheese made. all through the use
Of electricity, the electric stimulation of
plant and flower growth, and electric
automobiles in operation on a ten-lap
track, are among the many other inter-
esting features already arranged.
The Washington herald., 1914-11-15
Cover Holder

II ERE is some
ii thing that will
save the fond
young mother many
anxious N o m e n Is
during the cold
winter nights. It Is
q bed cover holder
which makes it i'm
possible for chill
dren to pull the bed
covers loose on cold
nights. It is formed
wholly of wire
spring, bent 80 that
Il forms q natural
damp. This is the
Invention of Henry
Q. Evald, Of Louis
vile, KY.
The Washington herald., 1914-11-15
IDENTIFIES
Soldiers

THE Identification disc is served out
to all soldiers in the British army
at the beginning Of active service.
1t Is made of aluminium and is worn by
The Washington herald., 1914-11-15

war and Scent su-
gar. It was in
vented by Lewis A.
Iams, OF North Da-
kota. By means of
this sugar bowl the
landlady can regu-
late the amount of
sugar her boarders
can take for each
cup of coffee. Pres
sure on a lever