The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1914-06-02

shows that he sold us thirty sheep for
$3.50 or for Is cents apiece. The
other accounts run much the same
But doesn't this method Of car
rying crops so cheaply TO the markets
compete with the railroads"
"Of course it does" replied the
h~aciendado. Why should use thu
railroad TO market any crops when I
can have my Indians TO do it for
nothtnge would not give a centave
TO have q railroad pass my farm. II
it did. myself and family would ba
the only ones who would use ut. II
| send my goods by the Indians on ths
longer. but if the weight is short
| when they reach the market the In,
dian is responsible. Suppose I ship a
hundred pounds of barley to Cuzcp
by rail. and it comes in four pounds
short l could not get damages Of
the railroad. but the Indian would
have to make up the balance. He ~
responsible for everything he carries.
and if be should break a plate or a
glass in the load OF goods he brings
me he has TO q for it,
"Put how can you force the In
dams to submit to such treatment ,"
They have been used to IL all
their lives, and besides We can punish
them in various ways. For small Of
lenses We can put them IN the farm
prison on a diet OF water and a very
little else for a couple of days. We
can also whip them for stealing. pro.
yided we are careful not to let thu
authorities hear of what We are doing.
or we can make them come to CuZco
to work here as ongOe for a month
or so. There are some cases in which
the Indians are badly treated. and I
know of an instance on my own farm
where an Indian was tied with \
rope under the arms and raised to
The top of a eucalyptus tree and left
there for two hours. If it had been
found ont, the overseer would have
gone to Jail for two or three years,
Justice, however, is more in favor Of
the master than the servant IN his
part of the world, and although the
avs to protect the Indians are fair
ly good the Indian has little chance
before the courts if one of the higher
classes is the defendant"
: In further conversation. this man
, told me something Of the Indian VIII
ages, and how they are governed
He says the farmer works almost en-
+ tirely through the Indian village Of
! ficials. Each town has a native al
! calde or mayor. who, as a sign of
authority, carries a cane as big
!, around as a ball club. which is decor
5 ated with silver ornaments. and he
has in addition two other officers with
3 smaller canes 1t is the business OF
these men to rectify o~ffenses ard to
t pass upon disputes. They have the
d lected each year. In addition each
e village has q mandon, who is a kind
of Oyerseer Of the work Of the town,
y and of h ndian as employed by
2 the farmer. The farmer gives all his
e orders through h mandOn. and the
latter is responsible for seeing that
IS the work shall be done. He has also
. charge Of the farm tools, and is re-
n sponsible for the success OF the crops,
This is a high office and is greatly de-
: sired.
q asked some questions as to the
education Of the Indians, and was
told hat there are practically no In.
% dlans IN the schools in the Out-of-the-
o way provinces. They sometimes &c to
e publlc schools in the towns. and
there is no regulation that prohibits
them from attending them. 1t IL
some trouble. however. to establish a
SchooI on an estate far away from
the railroad. 1t has to be done
IF through the minister Of public in
o Structlon. of whom there is a repre-
sentative of every province. To dn
Is this requires money, time. trouble
re ana influence, and the majority Of
is the landholderS do not care. Some 81
le tnem prefer to have ignorant and
al wiling laborers to intelligent and in
&c dependent ones, and they say that j,
Is the educated indian who usualy
s, causes most trouble One of the
n~aclendadoS told me that he found
p those INDIANS who had been in tn
1T army the most difficult to control. and
Id that he wanted his Indians as work
m efs and not as scholars, or as advisers
pr or friends.
he In closing this letter I would sa,