The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1914-09-15

JOnn tOlTInOS. "FlbiIs toI TIE I una
delphia Record. Her annual expen-
ditures on her regular army are i'm
mense, and her eastern possessions
which must be constantly pollced by
French troops. give her ample op-
portunity to accustom a large proper
ton Of her young conscripts to actual
war conditions.
in the Franco-PTusSian War or
1870 the French Empire, though en-
thusiastic for war. was poorly pre-
pared to meet the terrific pace set by
the Prussians, who poured through
Alsace-Lorraine immense armies that
were both more numerous and better
led than those of France. Since lSte
the French Republic has strlven I'M
ceasingly to make her army the peer
OF any on the Continent OF Europe.
Her officers have been especially we'll
trained in the great national mllltary
colleges, principal among whlch are
LEcole Polytechniaue, LEcole SAINT
Cyr and L'Ecole de Versailles.
French military men have peen
among the first to experiment with
the latest scientific devices for max
ing warfare more deadly. They were
among the pioneers in n use of the
%aeroplane as a war craft, and the
adoption of wireless as a means OF
field communication. They nave oeen
especially keen in improving their ar
IllcTV CORDS. anu LII ISoll0N WIN
having some of the finest big calibre
rifles and most expert gunnerS OF all
Europe.
Some French Leaders.
Generals Gallieni, D'Amade, ChoIner
ard Mangin are four of the repre-
sentative leaders Of the present french
army. General Gallieni is particularly
in the public eye at present as the
defender Of Paris. He is in command
OF the Army of Paris and is the Off
cial governor Of the beautiful city on
the Seine under war conditions. He
il was who, several days ago., issued
the terse notice to the ParisianS who
have remained to face the dangers and
uncertainties Of the siege that the
government had removed to Bordeaux
and that he purposed to hold the
French capital city to the last ditch.
II have been ordered TO defend Paris
against the INVADER wrote Gallieni.
''This order l will fulfil to the end"
The brevity and determination Of
this matter-of-fact statement are
characteristic of the man. He has
long been considered one Of the first
soldiers OF France He is the posses
sor OF the Grand Cross of the Legion
Of Honor, one of the most coveted
Of military decorations. Besides be-
ing war governor Of Paris, General
Gallienl Is a member of the Superior
Council of War. the strategical board
which has the governing Of the entire
army. He is also president of the
Consulting Committee on the defense
of the colonial possessions Of France,
and in this capacity has been busy
for many weeks with a multitude OF
arrangements for the preservation OF
the integrity of II French %dependen-
CleS.
Known in England.
Another military figure Of natiOna
Importance in this crisis in Franco Il
General D'Amade. There is no French
officer more generally known to tn
leaders of the English troops SERVING
on the Continent. General D'Amad,
was for years military ttache at Lon
don. and while there made a wide &C
Quaintance among English soldier
and diplomats. Earlier in his mill
tary career he served in French Mo
rocco, where he showed admirabl
military qualities. He bears the repu
tation of being a fine strategist an,
leader Of men, combining bravery
military precision and GOODNESS an
self-possession under fire.
General Chomer has grown old i
the service of the French Republic
Like Gallieni, he is a membe of tn
Superior Council of War. He has bee
a general Of division since SeptembeI
1905. He is n OF the most note
tacticianS OF France and is adore
by the rank and file of the Frenc
army.
General Mansin is one of the hs
roes OF French military operations
Africa Practically his entire seryil
has been in the French colonies.
was in Morocco hat he won his ran
of brigadier general. 1t was Gener;
Mangin who organized the famo,
"black army the native organic,
ton on which has depended much
the policing OF the French-Africa
possessions. Some of the "Turcos,"
they are generally called, have dol
splendid service in the present We
They lave borne a brave part in Il
fighting on the long battle line whit
the Germans have gradually fore
back onto Paris. n probably will
used for Skirmishing and sorties
the defense Of Paris against the Ge
mans and AustrianS.
Paris Transformed.
The great French caDital city