The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1914-10-27

in discussion of Is going to hap
pen after the present war is over and
peace Is here. Numerous well-in-
formed men have declared themselves
as believing that peace will be main
tanned hereafter by the United States
Of Europe, a federation OF the pow
ers for the common welfare and last
ing peace of the continent, says an
article in the New York Times.
If the United States of Europe be-
comes an accomplished fact it will
mean the realization of the dream of
the late William Il. Stead and the full
fillment OF the aims Of the European
Unity League, which was founded by
Sir Max Waechter and was hard at
work just before the war in furthering
its purpose.
Mr.. Stead, in using the term the
United States of Europe. declared
that the phrase was naturally sug-
gested by the United States of Amer
ica. The latter" he used to say, EN-
ables the former to be at least think
able" Napoleon Ill, Mr.. Stead point
ed out, used to dream of constituting
some kind of a federation of Europe,
To which the editor added that it was
not only in Kings Courts or in i'm
perial or Papal councils that the great
idea brooded over the minds of men.
1t was the theme of the poets song,
Of the saints deVotions. 1t inspired
much Of the swelling rhetoric of VIC
tor Hugo. 1t was the burden Of the
prophetic vision of Mazzini."
Sir Max Waechter, a German by
birth, though a naturalized English
man since 1865, worked with Mr..
Stead oward the proposed federation
of Europe, the formation of the Euro
pean Unity League being the out
growth Of the work. In 1903 u con
gress was called, OIL Sir MaX's initia-
tive, in Rome, where delegates from
Nravtnno pnt;nrc lk-n,crnI tho Foo cibi1-
ity of a federation. 1t was not a con-
ference of Governments. but of emf
nent men from all parts of Eu-
rope.
A few years ago Sir Max also made
O tour OF Europe, in the course of
which he personally laid the plan be-
fore sovereigns and governments. At
the same time he studied thoroughly
the differences between the nations.
His study led him to the conclusion
that is was not an impossibility TIC
bring about a European federation.
Cost of Armed Peace.
Last year Sir Max estimated that
the armed peace was costing Europe
$4,000, 600 900 yearly, declaring tina,
all progresses was retarded by this eX-
penditure. In discussing the question
of ornaments he made a prophetic
forecast, saying hat Europe might
soon find relief from militarism in q
mighty war. Sir Max said:
Waste creates povety. The enormous
military burdens Of Europe are nc
doubt largely responsible for the pre-
valence of poverty, for the loWneSS OF
wages. and for the great emigration
from Europe. Money spent on war.
like preparations cannot go into trade
In America and AuStrali;
enterprise is greater and wages arr
niger partly because these countrie
have greater natural resources, partl,
because their wealth is not draine.
away by the mad race of ornaments.
The nations of Europe and Euro
pean civilization itself threaten t
break down under the military bur
dens. The people are grooming an
muttering. Dissatisfaction is spread
ing apace. The tension is rapid
approaching the breaking point
Peace is proving more costly tha~
war.
Before long the nations may en-
deavor to find relief either in a grea
war, compared with which the Balki
war was merely child'S play, or tn
people may revolt in despair and ovel
turn their governments, or nations
bankruptcy may become general i
Europe. Evidently Europe is face
with the greatest dangers. The bun
den of ornaments threatens not onl
to subvert the European States an
society, but to overwhelm Europea
civilization itself.
What can be done to bring tn
mad armament race to an end? VIII;
can be done to prevent the nation
rushing into war, bankruptcy, and rev
olution? IT is evident that no sing
nation can take the initiative of r.
ducing it's ornaments, for in the pre-,
ent state of The world such a ste
might je~opardiZe it's existence. 1t
therefore, clear that q reduction
ornaments is possible only if it
Jointly undertaken by all the gre;
nations.
1t has often been recommended tn;
ornaments should be reduced I
mutual agreement of the power
Hitherto that step has proved impra
ticable. n even if successful it cou
only bring transitory relief to Euro
as long as the fundamental cause h
not been removed.
The Hague Tribunal has done We
xalanh ln- Sar1.iGnS L. ill.,.