davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-01-25

sides this, they are fashioned SO that
in closing, no matter what may be- the
initial velocity OF the stream through
them. the resulting water hammer pres
sure or kick due to the sudden arrest
ing of the flow, will not exceed seventy
pounds per square inch. But for this
ingenious arrangement the blow might
really reach pressure of moro than
5000 pounds per square inch, and this
tremendous impact might do no end Of
damage.
Sacrifices Of course have been n
volved in the way of injuries and loss
of life in the building Of the catSk.l
water system, but these have been held
within very reasonable limits. the On.
gineers say. The principal causes II
accidents were falling rocks. careless
handling Of dynamite. premature blasts,
riding on loaded cars and the tipping
OF buckets filled with spoils.
OF the other side of the human prob.
lem nothing has been more carefully
worked out than the question of camp
hygiene. Remember that thousands II
laborers have lived and toiled within III"
watersheds and basins of our ent.r"
supply system, and the strictest SAM
tary precautions We're necessary to pre-
vent pollution of either the soil or the
nearby streams and lakes. The success
of this work is one in which New York
has plenty Of reason for pride.
But it was not alone sufficient that
the workers should be provided f,r n
this manner: many of them had shear
wives and children with them. and the
lrborers were of divers nationals.
Schools were maintained both for ch.l-
dren and adults by private subsrrip-
ton and by the cooperation of the con-
tractors. A good many of the men r.
ceived instruction in English and the
elementary subjects. besides being .n-
structed in good citizenship and topics
of timely national importance.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-01-25

the vast project could be pushed toward
completion with the least possible
delay.
A fact not commonly known Is that
a very large portion of the aqueduct is
not fully charged with water. Where
the line Is of the so-called "cut and
cover" order there Is an air space in
side above the water of quite foot and
half, and this is counted upon to pro-
vide sufficient headroom for inspectors,
In fiat bottomed boats, to pass through
from time to time for purposes of exam
nation. Remember. too, that the pres
ent reservoir at Ashokan Is only one
part of vast scheme, and the rest Of
the available water in that region will
not be damned until the needs of the
liVe boroughs warrant the outlay.
The present aqueduct feeding from
the Esopus Basin has maximum
diameter Of seventeen feet and is COM
modious enough to take subway train
with plenty of space above the top Of
the cars and beyond their sides. BY
an easy gradient, for siXty-four miles,
the waters are carried to the big Ken
sicO Reservoir. east of Tarrytown and
this basin, capable OF supplying the
city for seventy-five days, will consti-
tute an emergency storage. The dam
which forms the conspicuous part Of
this section Of the undertaking is the
biggest affair Of the kind in the world,
containing 1000 900 yards OF masonry.
Adjacent to Kensico 3l5 acres of land
has been purchased for the purpose of
the building Of filtration plant.
To the south Of Kensico fifteen miles,
Is the HIN View Reservoir, Just north
Of the New York city line. This reser-
voir will be an equalizer. that is. it
will make up the difference between
the Catskill supply and the city's de-
mands as they may vary from day to
day or hour to hour. 1t has capacity
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-01-25
Great Engineering Feat Achieved When
the Last Barrier in the Underground
Conduit Between the Catskills and
This City Was Removed-Tube Has
Been Building Eight Years

lowered until II settled at the bottom Of
the boring. Generally, the stray da-
mond became embedded in the wax and
was thus brought to the surface.
The way in which the engineers
checked the course Of the diamond drills
was ingenious. This had to be done
from time to time, because the drills
only infrequently trace a straight line.
Into the borings would be lowered little
tubular walls partly filled with hydro
fiuoric acid somewhat diluted. This acid
will cut or mark glass. When at the
bottom Of the boring, or any stage
downward desired. the little vessel
would be left at rest for a few minutes.
The surface Of the acid in the inclined
bottle would take a position parallel to
the gradient of the boring and the fluid
would etch the glass accordingly. This
angle. when read with proper allow
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-01-25

into n geyscr. so they chose to burrow
far. far below into and through solid
rock.
It was first nccdful that solid rock
should he found. From the first the
engineers knew they would have To
go through mountains and under
streams-they actually had to bore
nearly five hundred feet down to dive
below the uncertain bed of Rondout
Creek and to n depth less by about 100
feet in running beneath Medina Creek.
but a harder problem was struck when
the shores of the Hudson were reached.
The puzzle was to get to solid rock
somewhere under the mixed mud. clay,
sand and glacial drift which overlap
the true ledge and formed the sub
stance of the river bed.
a line Of scows was anchored across
the river over the proposed path for
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-01-25
The bridge Kensco necessary mpoundng

ances, would tell exactly just how the
drill was travelling.
The siphon under the Hudson River
south of Cornwall Is the deepest thing
Of the kind in the world; hut, after all.
1t really isn't IA siphon in the proper
sense OF the term. The water in it
won't be sucked up and over the rise
leading to the tunnel that pierce,
Breakneck Mountain. because the head
Of water from the Catskills will still be
good hundred feet greater and there
fore able TO impel the flow onward by
pressure and not by suction.
As yet the water from Ashokan
Reservoir has not been turned into this
sO-called siphon, and curious cOndi-
ton prevails there. The two deep shore
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-01-25

until they met near the centre of the
river. There was good deal Of rivalry
between the two gangs, and after toll
ing night and day for months and
months the last wall Of separating rock
was broken away on January 80, 1912
when the headings met.
White diamonds are precious trim
kets. and even the black diamonds used
In the pioneer drills cost several thou
sand dollars, and more than once there
was CONSERVATION when some Of these
gems were lost In the hole they had
cut. a good round sum was saved in
effecting the recovery of many OF these.
Their salvage was accomplished In this
manner: The drill was withdrawn and
coated with wax and then cautiously
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-01-25

But while this appeared the cheaper
way to proceed 1t had a serious draw
back. Water with a head of six hun
dred and fifty feet would mean a pres
sure of substantially $50 pounds per
square inch on the inside OF the con-
duit. The pent up>water would hunt
for every weakness in the imprisonng
walls and break through where joint
or seam could not withstand that in
tense push. What would happen? just
Imagine the stream OF fire hose mag
nifed and turned loose to dig away
the. enveloping and anchoring mud
around the conduit! The engineers
knew what to expect, and they didn't
care to risk seeing their tunnel burst
ana IN" river, at that point. turned
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-01-25
Son of John Brown Fought for South

ciated in business with James Brow '
Cleveland, Ohio, nephew of "old Ju.'
Brown AS l had TO make a trip '
California James Brown put in ml
charge one of his children who want.
TO visit relative in Cotton. Cal. T'a
relative was one Of the two sons OF Juh'
Brown then living.
The Brown family proved g. Fl
pleasing and cordial hosts. Durinr ''
afternoon several efforts to lead lp q
the Virginia incident utterly tt..
Finally the old man said with a twu
in his eye:
Now you want to talk abou' '
raid. Go ahead and ask anythin-
want to know. It's a tabooed sGh'.
here, but We will waive that"
He was easily drawn out. saying ayes
from human standpoint the ra.i a..
foolish. All found out what VOL, .
the result soon after reaching VIZ
There was no sentiment among tho ,..
ored folks favoring an insure
They We're all, or nearly all, OF,
to II.
Father was advised to give j. 81
Cook was especially urgent, but i1'..
was not a man to turn back. He ~.
said. The faint hearted may return
| am going on with this effort
"Of course. all stood by him.
Passing on to the effect of the n To
said: But the results came. tn,
made the war and the slaves were !.
The credit for freeing the slaves is
due to Abraham Lincoln. II" .
stantly said that freeing the slaves #.
not the object of the war and b" .H
perfectly willing to he President
slave holding country. His Entu
tion Proclamation was merely an
dent of the war.
"John Brown freed the slay,-
Abraham Lincoln" And the oil
changed the subject TO a more c..'
theme.
In the afternoon, as he drONr ..
the train, he once more reverted :.
subject, saying, II have steadily ref
to talk for publication about the "
for I don't want any more contr.
sizes over it during my lifetime"
why didn't John Brown escape So
he had such fine opportunity Z. *
SOP"
THAT question was asked him No..
times while ne was In Jail. lis aU-
invariably was, MY death Will %" '.
full to the cause, while as a fug .tlN' Z,
justice l would be merely an obj,,
contempt"
lie was n firm believer in pred
nation and would say, "Our acts 49, .
all ordered for the best thousan"
ages before the world was begun
Regarding the brother mention
Senator Mcdonald, he said, wv
don't know. but presume 1t is trur D..
boy went to Canada after the rad .
for long time was supposed to he 49, '
He was more like father than am
the boys"
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-01-25
WORLDS LONGEST TUNNEL TO BRING WATER TO NEW YOR

ShaftS ana, or course. the h0rlzOntal
section lila feet down are filled with
water that has gathered there since the
work was finished. Apparently. some
where near one Of these vertical shafts
there must be deposits Of rock salt.
for the water has become noticeably
saline.
Salt water is heavier than fresh
water, and the column of salt water
weighs enough more than the column
Of fresh water in the shaft on the Oppo-
site shore to force the lighter column
three feet higher at the surface than
the Other one. No. don't worry you
won't have to drink salt water later on,
because the steady flow from the noun
tain source will completely Obliterate
all trace of salinity.
The work on this gigantic undertake
ing began less than eight years ago,
and from the beginning Of operations
the aQueduct made weekly progress
varying from 1000 to 1000 feet Of con-
struction. During the climax Of opera
lions the army Of toilers numbered
$4,000 in the open months OF the year,
but even with this force the advance
could not have been at the remarkable
rate maintained except for the employ
ment Of electricity.
OF course. compressed air. too. played
an important part because most of the
rock drills were so driven. Air for that
work had twofold advantage: 1t was
a convenient motive power and the ex-
haust from the drills helped to st'mu-
late circulation Of air and thus to pro-
mote ventilation at the headings re-
fro .Ea Lao t,x., al, ,,,l
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-01-25

the aqueduct and test borings driven
down seven hundred feet, but even
then the drills failed to find the desired
ledge. Boulders We're pierced from
to time. and each time the drills dropped
through these Instructions the hopes
of the engineers fell likewise. Rock
was found sooner near the shores, but
thence the ledge elanted away and down
from each shore tantalizing angle.
How. then. did the men under Robert
Rdgway and j. Waldo Smith finally
reach their elusive goal?
For $50 feet straight down on each
side Of the river a shaft was cut in the
rock. and from each was started a
diamond studded drill on slanting
course toward a central point $50 feet
beneath the Iludsons surface. After
months Of work and careful checking
Of the paths followed by the drills they
crossed through solid rock $50 feet
below the deepest part of the glacial
drift OF the river bed.
This was promising but not conclu-
sive. so another line Of horings was run
after the same fashion but converginG
at point 1900 feet b low the surface
Of the river The longest of the drills
reached into the rock for a distance Of
nearly half a mile. At depth of lila
feet or half way between the apiccs Of
these two lines of bor!ngs, the engineers
decided to run the aqueduct tunnel.
Accordingly. the shaft on each bank
Of the river was driven down to the
desir, d depth. and then the two gangs
started the horizontal gallery across
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-01-25

in the Adirondack re-
gion passing near North Elba in
l. Essex county usually have the
John Brown home and grave
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1914-10-21

w. Packard, Mrs. John c. Sims, Jr., Mrs. VIII
liam wurts Harmar, Mrs. John Wallingford
Muir Mrs. John L. Cox, Mrs John II. Packard
Mrs. Joseph NJ Fox, Miss Monges and Miss
MAZDA Fox, the latter debutante of last
son.
supper will be given for the receiving party
after the tea.
Another smart Chestnut Hill affair will also
be held on Gravers lane this afternoon, when
Mr.. and Mrs. J. A p. Crsfeld will introduce
their daughter, Miss Lille Habersham Crisfed.
This reception will differ from Mrs. Large's
tea in that there will be no debutantes in the
receiving party Miss Crisfeld will wear a
dainty model, which is a rich combination of
lace, chiffon and tule. Mrs. Crsfeld will have
receiving with her Mrs C. V. Anderson. Mrs.
Edward S. Dunn, Miss Sarah Coleman Drayton
and Miss Harriet Dawson Drayton.
Miss Crisfeld Is descendant of Mrs. Noble
Jones' who decided leader among the
Southern families in this city many years ago.
A small dinner dance will follow the tea.
Miss Ethel Hastings will be presented also
this afternoon by her parents. Mr.. and Mrs.
John Victor Hastings. at their country seat in
Bryn Mawr, at a tea, with dancing from until
6 o'clock.
Miss Hastings will wear beautiful imported
gown, which is combination OF silk tule and
lace. Quite a number Of the debutantes will
assist in receiving
The day will end with a small dinner dance
which Mrs j. Ogden Hoffman, of THAN Derl-
wyn, Radnor will give at the Radnor Hunt Club
in honor OF Miss Hope Truxtun Beale and Miss
Aimee Hutchinson. The guests will be seated at
small tables which will be decorated with au-
tumn flowers. About 10 persons will attend.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1914-10-21
WEST PHILADELPHIA

Mrs John Willing, OF 1929 Walnut street. has
issued invitations for luncheon, followed by
auction bridge. Thursday, October 29 at the
Philomusian Club. 39A Walnut street.
Mr.. and Mrs. Charles F. Gerhard. who have
Just returned from their wedding tour, held a
reception at their home $40 Arch street. on
Saturday evening. Mr.. and Mrs. Gerhard toured
the New England States. Both are very we'll
known IN West Philadelphia social circles, Mrs
Gerhard having been MISS Gertrude E. Sulli-
van before her marriage. some little time ago.
Among the guests were Dr. and Mrs. ]. T.
Wallace, Mr.. and Mrs. Cuneo, Miss e. Hup-
litz. Mrs. a German, Miss Anna steeble, Miss
McGinn Miss r. Rodgers, Mr.. and Mrs. John
J. Gerhard and Messrs. H. Margrave. ]. sealy
J. Mcnamara, Thomas Kane. Thomas Devlne,
James CastIgan, Howard Bowling and w.
Webber
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1914-10-21
GERMANTOWN

'iiSs Grace Anderson Porter. OF Earlham ter
.1.e' mas recalled her Invitations for October "a
- alu Will give an informal tea Friday, October 80
,a--- "0''r OF Mrs Edward Hughes. of German
York - ~"
1''' ana Mrs William r. Tucker entertained
:. ana Mrs, George Fritz Chandler Informally
at dinner last night,
80, IS A. Earnest Breeht. OF West Hansbury
49, accompanied by her two daughters. Mrs.
eNuS CoFln and Mrs. Lawrence Putnam KeI-
res 'sn Yesterday for Atlantic city. where
NJ WIZ spend fortnight at the Dennis.
ana Mrs, Henry w. Frost. OF Summit N
,,,.s sSsn' several days in Germantown visiting
sosla 'Snas' The Frosts formerly lived at 2s5 West
,,s.l ana Mrs. William Barnes are occupying
lane - = west school Rouse
' Daniel Wendell HuburG Of Gssaas stSsst
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1914-10-21
SOUTH PHILADELPHIA

Mr.. and Mrs. william Creighton. of the
Girard Estate. gave dinner dance at their
home, 25Os South Cleveland avenue on satur-
day evening, the tenth anniversary of their
wedding. Covers were laid for 81 guests. The
decorations were cosmos and white roses. The
dance room was transformed into a Japanese
garden with the use OF lanterns and flowers.
The orchestra played in one OF the alcoves and
was almost hidden with palms and ferns.
Among those present were Mr.. and Mrs. Det-
wiler, Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Radcliffe, Mr.. and
Mrs. Herbert Radcliffe. Mr.. and Mrs Led-
wanger. Mr.. and Mrs Rambo. Mr.. and Mrs.
James o'Connell; Miss Haokes OF Lebanon
Pa; Miss Smith. of Reading. Pa; Miss Foley
Miss Fraser and Messrs. BorrelI. of Lebanon
j Buckley, OF Reading; ]. Fox, w. Hermont.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1914-10-21
ALONG THE MAIN LINE

ovERBRoOK-Mr. and Mrs. Philip A. sCastner
who have been visiting Mr.. Castner's parents
Mr. and Mrs. Samuel Castner, Jr., at Devon
nave returned TO their homo on wynnewood
evenue
MISS Marjory Edwards, who spent part of the
summer at Cape May. has returned to her
home on Sherwood road.
hERIoN-Nr. and Mrs. Nicholas Thouron will
not go in town this year. but will spend the
winter at Derlwyn.i their attractive place on
Montgomery road.
Mrs A. NJ Lewis, of Baird road and Miss
Arnold have returned from two weeks visit
TO New York
WHNNEWoOD-Mr. and Mrs Arthur Primrose
bangh closed their summer home at James
'o"h' H. L. last week and have opened Prim-
Eose Hall, their country seat at wynnewood,
mrs T. Frank Devlin. of Manor road. ex-
peets to leave next week for Pittsburgh.
"nere she will be the guest or Mrs Benja-
MIN Frice for Il fortnight.
AhDhoRE Mrs. Granville B. Hopkins, who will
De remembered as Miss Helen Hancock. whose
marriage took place this summer at Cape
"'aS' VIII be at home this Thursday and the
IO''o"lns Thursday, from to o'clock, at
".' ne" home, Lanfair road and Montgomery
p'Ae' Mrs Hopkins will be assisted in re-
'eN'hs by her sister, Mrs. Nelson B. War
"leA' and Miss Helen Dando
mrs j, Stanley Reeve OF Coopertov,n and
"'uinoTe roads. returned yesterday from few
uaSs visit TO New York
''s' > p Curtis. who spent the summer at
"s' camp at Lake Keuka. has returned home
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1914-10-21
DEBUTANTE AFFAIRS
Miss Isabel Page to BE Presented Today at a Tea
to be Given by Her Aunt, Mrs James Large.

Miss Isabel Page TO BE Presented Today at a Tea
to be Given by Her Aunt Mrs. James Large.
Honors will be divided between Chestnut Hill
and the Main Line again today, for three deb
utantes will make their formal bows to society.
Mrs, James Large will give a large tea to in
troduce her niece, Miss Isabel wurts PAGE
daughter OF Mr. and Mrs. William Byrd Page
at her home'~ Summer Crest, at Evergreen ave-
nue. and Gravers lane. Chestnut Hill Mrs
Large and her niece Will receive In the Iargs
drawing rooms Of the house, which are enec-
lively arranged with autumn foliage and the
numerous flowers received by the debutante are
artstcally arranged about the rooms Miss
Page will wear a simple gown OF white en-
broidered MULE and chiffon. number OF deb
utantes will receive with her. Miss Mary stuart
Wurtz Miss Hilda Tunis Miss Rosamunda
Fisher, Miss Kate Furness Jayne Miss AlIca
Atlee, Miss Cordelia Bddle, Miss Molly Wood
Baily, Miss Marian Savage, Miss Mary tyson
Denckla, Miss Elizabeth Thompson. Miss Emily,
La Farge ClaXton, Miss Hubsrta Potter Miss
Eleanor PorcheT Miss Edythe smythe, Miss
Dorothy Foltz and Miss Mary Gest
Mrs. Large will be assisted in receiving nv
Mrs, William Byrd Page Mrs. Robert II Large
Mrs Howard W. Page. Mrs. Charles p. Fox
Mrs, Thomas r. Tunis, Miss Pauline d Bowie
Mrs. Felix du Pont, Mrs William sawtell Muir
Jr, Mrs, G. c. Meade Large, Mrs. David
Pepper Jr., Mrs, Robert Kennedy Wurts, Mrs
j. Gardner cassatt Mrs. Joseph j. Brown. Mrs
Charles Penrose Keith, Mrs George B. Warder
Mrs. Charles Stewart Wurts Mrs. 2 Harri.,,
Taylor, Ars. Joseph B. Goodwin. Mrs Charles 8.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1914-10-21
ROXBOROUCH

The American Bridge Company Club opened
its season OF entertainments on Saturday night
with musicale and dance at Woodvale, its
clubhouse. An interesting program was rem
dered by the Adelphi Quartet; E. n. Marks
viOloncellst; Mrs C. Caywood, soprano. and
James Smith. tenor.
Mrs. William S. James. who has been the
guest Of her mother. Mrs Hiram L. Wynne
OF Pechin street, has returned 90 her home in
seaford Del
The Harmon Road Sewing Circle will reor-
ganizs the end OF the month with the follow
ing members: Mrs Thomas Morrow, Mrs
Harry Carty, Mrs Walter Righter. Mrs Harry
Eisenhart, Mrs. Clarence c. KsenAr and Mrs.
Joseph MeMGnuA
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1914-10-21
TIOGA

MI and Mrs. Charles Chapman, of a5l3 North
2d street. are receiving informally on Tues
days. Mrs. Chipmsn was Mrs. Mary Cummings,
OF Germantown
Germantown
Mrs Charles Edward HaIlowell, of 1922 West
Tioga street, entertained at cards yesterday
afternoon. when her guests who are members
OF her card club, included Mrs. Ernest Ermold.
Mrs. Henry Barry Miss Mcfarland. Mrs.
James Hoag. Mrs. Frederick Jennings. Mrs.
William Schultz and Mrs Franklin Kribbs. The
game was followed by BUFFET luncheon.
Mrs Ellen Monahan has announced the mar
riage Of her daughter, Miss Sara NJ T. Mona
han. and Joseph Martin English son of Mr.
and Mrs. William English, OF 1851 Old York
road, The ceremony was performed by the
Rev. James J. lyman. assistant rector of ST
Stephens Catholic Church, Broad and Butler
streets. Mr. and Mrs. English will reside in
TIoga.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1914-10-21
ALONG THE READING

Cards have been sent out by the "Terpsicho-
reans," of Oak Lane. announcing their dances
for the season. 1e14-1915, which are to be held at
the Hotel Adelphia the following dates: No
vember 81, December 10. January 16, February
20, March 20, April IL.
The Terpsichorean dances are becoming more
popular every season, and this year promises to
be of the most successful The committee
In charge consists of A. w. Borton K. ]. Birn-
brauer, H. X. Kerr, G. H. Knauer, ]. P. McCul-
Tough, j. E. Pierce, A. G. Smith, w. V. Winder
and G.. E. Wolfnger.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1914-10-21
HARKINS-FARNIER

The marriage of Miss Helen Elizabeth
Farmer, daughter of Mr.. and Mrs James 3.
Farmer. and DR.. Leonard Jones Harkns. of
Oxford. Pa. will take place this afternoon at
o'clock in the Episcopal Church OF All Saints
Dr. and Mrs. Harkins will leave Immediately
after the ceremony for the West. They intend
making tour of California visiting the ex-
position and returning to Spokane Wash
where they will make their home Doctor Har-
kins has large orchards in Deer Park, Wash.