davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-12-06

and gained many victories over them.
The mutiny was finally quelled after
hard struggle of more than a year.
There is no record of the number of
Europeans slain or the hundreds of
women and innocent children slaugh-
tered, but with the sacrifice of their
lives new administration dawned, and
India is now directly under the rule
of the British crown.
The present executive power is vest
ed i'll a governor general or viceroy,
appointed by the crown, at a salary of
f25, 900 a year, with certain allowances.
The secretary of state for India,
member of the British ministry. directs
him with the aid of a council of ff-
teen persons, nine of whom are requir-
ed to have had an experience of ten
years in Indian affairs. Their tenure
of office is ten years The present
capital is Calcutta. The viceroy's own
council is comprised of five ordinary
members with commander-in-c chief of
the army as an extraordinary member.
The full force. British and native.
constituting what has been known
since 1903 as the Indian army, is di-
Vided into a northern army, under the
command of Gen. Willcocks, K. C. S. l.,
K. c. NJ. g. G914), and southern army.
commanded by Sir John Nixon, X. G. B.
The organization of each of these
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-12-06
Charges of Dead Men.

TT is related how, during a battle In
India years ago. a squadron of cav
airy had been held in reserve under
cover of a field battery and an infantry
regiment. The artillery duel had end
ed. and the assault of the enemy in
overwhelming numbers had been re-
pulsed by the steadiness of the infan-
try While u cloud of smoke hung over
the field the cavalry received an order
to charge with drawn sabers.
The troopers started in close order
for the enemy's line. About halfway
they met a raking fire from earthworks
in front of them, and from the woods
on their Hanks. n young cavalryman.
with his saber drawn, was shot through
the heart while leading in the first file.
The horse halted. swerved to the right
and turned back. but the rider kept his
seat without fiinching. The other
troopers went on, carried the earth
work by storm, rode at full gallop aft
er the retreating force and converted
defeat into rout.
The dead trooper, meanwhile, was re-
turning with white face and with the
blood streaming from his wound. I'm
der his nerveleSs hand the horse re-
ceiyed neither check nor leading, and
made his own way toward the infantry.
VINO were now advancing rapidly AS
the smoke lifted, the soldiers saw the
solitary rider coming with one hand
in a death grip on the saddle, while
the other still held the sword rigidly
clasped-
IT was a sight never to be forgotten
the gallopints horse with the dead cav
alryIuan still mounted and looking
grim and nerce. 1t was not until the
rider had gone fifty yards from the
spot where he had been killed that he
rolled on the horse.
A similar tale is told of Capt. Nolan,
who delivered the fatal. laundering or
der for the charge of the celebrated
light brigade. he was seen on the
field of Balaclava, riding from the hills
where the STAN officers were drawn up
to the quarter where the brigade was
stationed. The charge began and what
was LETT OF the brigade returned in
broken groups.
Finally Nolan Was seen gallopinS
RAJ idly toward the center of the field.
III was 1r.n4y seated and riding we'll
suddenly the horse sweryed and the
fiaer toppled over.
When the officers WHO were nearest
rushed forward and lifted him from
the ground they found him lifeless
lie had been shot and instantly killed.
but his horse had carried him safely
across the field out of the reach Of
the pursuing Cossacies.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-12-06

long knife. Then a sound like the
croaking of a frog was heard and the
six sentries disappeared. Not long aft
erward the general stan of the allies
saw a brilliant fash of light along the
horizon and heard a terrific explosion.
followed by an innumerabie series OF
others. as shell and shrapnel exploded.
The Gurkhas returned unframed to
their gunboats
-
November > a dispatch from CAL
cutta brought the news that the Mo-
hammedans throughout India con-
demned the action of Turkey in en-
gaging in war against England. The
message Of Ag Kahn was received
with enthusiasm by the members OF
his religion in India and wherever
Moslem league meetings are held. Ilr
the mosques. priests eNhort the people
to remain loyal to the British throne.
From Bombay, on the same date.
came the report that Turkeys action
had led to Il demonstration of loyalty
! to Great Britain by the Mohammedans
| all over india. a remarkable Tact, as
India expected an outbreak when the
war began
Another dispatch from London. No
vember II, announced heavy casualty
list OF officers of the Indian army. lay
ing special emphasis on the fierce fight
ing in which the Indian troops have
been engaged in West Flanders. lin
the list are twenty-siX British and
| eight native officers killed and thirteen
British officers and twelve native Off
GERS wounded. besides three British and
three native officers missing.
The climate of India is in striking
contrast to that which its soldiers are
| enduring in Europe. 1t varies from
temperate to tropic heat. The monsoons
winds hich blow half the year from
| the southwest, the other half from the
northeast-have a marked effect upon
the climate and seasons Hence. from
| June to December, the period of the
southwest monsoon, floods of rain fall.
| From December to June the northeast
monsoon prevails and the period is
known as the dry season. when the fall
! of rain is slight.
! India produces some of the richest
! art fanrics of the world. Bengal and
Myso-e are noted for thei- silks. Delhi
for its silk enlbroideries and the holy
| city of Benares for its gold brocades.
Silver is used for the standard coin the
monetary unit being the rupee, equiva-
lent to shillingS or so cents. For
many centuries the foreign trade of
India has been a rich source of reve-
nue. to the empire.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-12-06

put to a cruel death. Following the
Mana Sahib and defeating him at
Bithoor, he Joined forces with Gems.
o tram and NeiII and proceeded to the
relief of Lucknow. With Sir Henry
Lawrence dead, the garrison under
Col. Ingliss was In a pitiab BILE condition.
Though the latter pushed his way into
the city, he brought little relief to the
besieged, except that which came from
added numbers.
August IA Sir Colin Campbell arrived
bearing the rank of commander-in-
chief His coming meant the long-de-
sired succor and the opportunity to
withdraw to Cawnpore. November
Der Sir Colin Campbell rout-
ed the Mana Sahib with $4,000
of his cruel followers at Cawnpore.
and at once proceeded to crush the
rebel forces in other parts of the en-
pire.
BY the first of the new year twenty
three European regiments reached Cal
cutta in addition to those sent from
Madras and Bombay. Lucknow was
gradually recaptured and the army sent
for this purpose divided and ordered
to other districts. The Sikhs and the
Gurkhas, now doing valiant service
with the allied forces on European soil,
fought bravely against the Sepoys.
Sir Colin Campbell was honored for
his bravery by the bestowal of a peer
age being created Lord Give. He
continued his pursuit of the Sepoys
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-12-06

an obelisk has been erected to the
memory of the victims.
Warren Hastings assumed charge of
the affairs of the East India Company
in Bengal in 1872, being the first Off
Ger to receive the title of governor
general. ResigninE. he was succeeded
by Sir j. MCPHERSON in 1885. The fol-
lowing year Lord CORVALLIS, distln-
guished in our revolutionary war,
name familiar to every American. be-
come governor general. His imme-
date successors were men illustrious
in the annals of British India.
In 1857 the whole world was startled
by an outbreak of the Sepoys, native
soldiers trained in English customs and
led by English officers The military
authorities had determined 60 arm them
with Enfield rifles and a new kind OF
cartridge, creased to fit the size of the
rifles. As the cartridge in loading had
to be torn by the teeth, the report was
spread abroad that the government was
trying to defle the natives by making
them bite the fat of pigs and cows, a
sacrilege to the Hindoo. Tense ex-
element prevailed, but the substitution
of the old cartridges served only to de-
lay an outbreak.
x X
May 10 a serious uprising occurred
and many English were massacred. The
mutineers proceeded to Delhi, where
second slaughter took place. officers
were shot and their bodies heaped in
carts. Simultaneous uprisings took
place in several parts of the empire.
Benares. the sacred city, joined the re-
bellion June 4, and at Cawnpore the
next day several Sepoys under Mana
Sahib, Rajah of Bithoor. revolted, and
a horrible butchery followed on the
9th.
During the month of July more than
dozen provinces Joined the insur-
rection. At Lucknow the native troops
had arisen the latter part of May, and
followed the example. Allegiance to
the former King of Dude was pro-
claimed, and the troops laid siege to
Lucknow with it's European inhabi-
tants. The skilled administration Of
Sir John Lawrence saved the Punjaub.
Bombay and Madras continued tranquil,
and, for the most part, lower Bengal
At Indor and Gwalior the maharatta
chiefs remained loyal. but not SO their
followers, whose revolt was serious
blow to the British throughout the
war.
The Bengal army in May. 1857, num-
bered 22,69S Europeans, officers and ma
tive regiments, and 1868 native SOL
diers, the native force being divided
into 167 regiments and irregular corps.
in the mutiny and twenty-seven had
been disarmed and dispersed.
The English used every effort to sup
press the rebellion at the outbreak.
but they were no match for the ma
tiyes in treachery. Besides, the small
number of British troops and the alb
sence of available means of transport
tation gave the mutineers a tremendous
On several occasions cap
tured rebels were executed by being
blown from the mouths of CannOnS
After the death of the commanderin-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-12-06
Anniversary of Death
of Good St. Nicholas

of the bishops robes for only brief
period he was begged by certain
| community near Myra to come release
it from the continuous prosecutions OF
the disciples of Diana. The appeal
came from Christians. Nicholas re-
sponded. He went down into beauti-
full valley and found a sanctuary de-
voted to the Grecian goddess of hun
tress fame. He tore down the lovely
image. destroyed a temple and SO inn
pressed the worshipers of the goddess
with his message of Christianity that
they became converts, says the legend
Pictures of this saint are often made
to include an anchor, illustrating that
he was patron of sailors. ships in dis
tress always appealing to him IL an
cient times, and believing that any re-
lief which came was a direct answer
God.
In England as churches have been
dedicated to st. Nicholas. A long time
ago, December s, the choir boys in
English cathedrals would elect one OF
themselves to be boy bishop of
authority of bishop This boy was
then given gorgeous apparel a inter
ana crozicr. and. having arrayed him
self properly. was free to demand ca
npnlcdt ODeuitntt Oh MS 1eltONS- nov
attired as priests. The child bishop
then took real command OF the cathe-
DIAL, and. with the exception of per
forming mass, saw to all ceremonies
from December to December IS, In
nocents day.
The most interesting legend of ST
Nicholas. perhaps, is one relating to
the we'll known sign of the pawn
broker, the three gold balls. st. Niciio-
las Invariably being represented as
carrying three gold purses. His father
was exceedingly wealthy, and he WAS
the only heir. When a very young
man he heard one day of man who,
having lost his last coin and become
involved in deep debt. was about to
allow his three daughters to become
eternally disgraced. because they would
have no dowries. 81. Nicholas. th"re-
fore, on three successive night threw
into an open window of this house
purse filled with gold.
This same legend is also the sup
posed origin of Eift-givinG. and not SO
long ago young girls in European
converts were in the habit of placing
q pair of silk stockings before the door
OF the abbotess. with note recon-
mending themselves to Great St Mich
olas of her Chamber" and expecting to
be called the next morning to witness
the generosity of the saint who had SO
literally filled those stockings with con-
fections. This was always on the 9th
of December.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-12-06

chief, Gen. George Arson, Sir Henry
Barnard was given provisional charge
The first steps were taken against
Delhi. which. after being besieged for
three months under Gems. Barnard
Reed and Wilson, Was assaulted Sep
TENDER II. The troops took possession
OF part of the city the same day, but
were six days in subduing the whole.
They captured the king, his two sons
and a grandson. The former was sent
into perpetual exile, the sons and
grandsons were shot by the hands of
Capt. Hodson.
In the meantime Gen. Havelock, hav-
ing gathered a small force AT A1laha-
bad, marched to Cawnpore. where a
large number of women and children
who escaped the first massacre were
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-12-06
"HOOSRENABAD EMANBARA, GARDEN, LUCKNOW


cordially disliking the English. sought
an opportunity to declare war against
them. With no chance for preparation.
tured Calcutta, and the English part of
the garrison at Fort Williams. under
the command of Mr.. Howell. number
Ing 146 persons. They were locked up
for the night in a small barred room
eighteen feet square, containing one
small window opening toward the west,
through which little air could enter.
II was in June, when the heat is
well-nigh uncomfortable to Europeans.
Suffering from thirst and the sitting
atmosphere, several died in Il few hours.
BY morning only twenty three sur
vived. \ warehouse now occupies the
site of the "black hole" and nearby
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-12-06

who lived in the twelfth or thirteenth
century b. c.
tory of India was the Persian invasion
under Darius. the king. 51s-521 b. c.
Alexander the Great conquered the Per-
slams in 327 B. c., and afterward led
an army into India. defeating the king
and subduing that part of the country
now known as the Punjaub.
In the succeeding centuries events
followed in rapid order, but little is
known of historic value until AID. us.
when an army under the command of
Mohammedan governor of Bassorah to
seek the return of an Arab vessel
seized near the Indus river. kasim was
successful in conquering Sinde and the
southern part of the Punjaub and in
establishing and maintaining Moham-
medan rule for forty years For nearly
three centuries the land was undis-
turbed.
In the years 1001-i030 Mamoud led
ten expeditions into India. conquering
and pillaging the land. His successors
occupied the throne for 500 years. sub
jecting the country TO invasions. plum
der and discord.
In 1851 Akbar, the son of Humayun.
came to the throne and reisned fifty
one years. He is renowned as one OF
the ablest and most generous OF the
Mogul rulers. Under his statesman
like leadership the boundaries or the
empire were restored, the army and
finances reorganized. the burdens OF
the people were diminished, all reli-
gions were treated fmpartially ana the
Hindoos admitted to a share in pubic
affairs. from which they had been ex-
cluded by the Mohammedan authori-
ties
The son of Akbar succeeded him in
1906. taking as his title "Jahanglr, the
Conqueror of the World" His early
life was dissolute and cruel. but his
marriage with Nourmahal, the light
of the harem.' said to have been one
of the most beautiful, accomplished and
remarkable women In history. Her
influence over her husband was great;
he took no steps without consulting
her. needing her will as law. The
poet Moore has immortalized her in
La Rookh." describing the love OF
the ina gnificent son of Acbar for his
young Nourmahal:
Yet dim before the smiles of them all.
And the light of his harem WAS Young Nourmahal
Shah Jehan. known as 1.-The Builder"
succeeded his father and during his
lifetime caused to be erected buildings
which have won the admiration Of the
world. The most beautiful of them Is
the 'IaJ Mahdi. Il superb ulduSOicuIIi,
erected in memory Of his dearly loved
wife. and justly regarded as the most
splendid edifce in India. 1t is built of
white marble and 10000 men were
employed twenty-five years in it's con-
struction. at an estimated cost of
f3.174.S02 sterling, about $15.S74.-
900. The mosaic work of the interior
is described as exquisite. the whole
Koran being inscribed upon the walls
in precious stones. The sarcophagi of
Jehan and his wife are in the crypt.
With England the dominant power
in India the Mogul empire came to an
end. The history of the English East
India Company. whose charter dates
to 1900, is filed with a record of fac
tory building. the acquisition of ter
ritory and military and political power.
In 1856 Surajah Dowlah. becoming
suba hdar, or viceroy. of Bengal, and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-12-06

pecjany that OF Tom Hood, and two
verses of his hundred or more on Hero
and Leauder spring fresh in memory
oh: Bards of Old: what sorrows have ye sung,
And tragic stories cbrOnicled In stone
Sad Philome restored her ravished tongue,
And transformed Niobe IN dnnbnrss shown;
Sweet Sappho On her love forever calls.
And Nero the drowned Leandcr falls.
There stands Ahy,ios here is Sestos' steep.
Hard by the susty margin OF the sea
Where sprinkling waves continually d" leap:
And that is where those lannon's lovers be.
A huilded gloom shot up into the gray,
As II The nrst tall watch-towr of the day
:: i:
Lord Byron swan the Hellespont,
though i'll the days of that master of
musical verso the Hellespont had come
to he called the Dardanelles- Homer
called the Hellespont broad or
''boundless, though its width at the
point he had in mind was about a mile.
Byron's comment on the controversy as
to Homers meaning, wrote:
The wrangling about the epithet the
broad Hellespont' or the 'boundless
Hellespont.' whether ii means one thing
or the other. or what it means at all
has been beyond all possibility OF de-
tail have even heard it disputed on
the spot. and not foreseeing q speedy
conclusion to the controversy. amused
meantime. and probably may again be-
fore the point is settled
Many candidates for the natatorial
the Hellespont where it is narrowest.
and also where it is relatively wide.
The Hellespont. or the Dardanelies, is
1oy, tlln AaC
TO the Sea of Marmora. or the old Pro-
points, and its width averages three or
four miles The narrowest part OF the
strait 's at the mouth Of the Rhodus,
where stands the town of Dardanelles,
the principal town and the sea; OF 2oT-
eminent of the Turkish province of
Bigha. in Asia Minor. That was where
the bridges of Xerxes and Alexander
We're thrown across. where Lcander
breasted the waters and at length per-
ished. and where Byron made his swim.
In Byron's Pride of Abydos' many OF
the local facts are dealt with. though
classic geographers and archeolosists
now dispute that the city of AbyGos
stood there.
+ X
Al this point on the strait stand two
old castles. The city of Dardanelles is
OF Dardanus, in the Tread where sulla
ana Mithr. dates, King of Pontus. met
in 81 &. c. Dardanus was the son of
Zeus and Electra, and in the fairy tales
of old Greece he was the ancestor of
the Dardors of Troad and the founder
of the city of Dardanus on the Heiies-
pont.
The town of Dardaneiles takes its
name in deriva ton from Dardarus and
the two old castles guarding the mar
rows came to be called The Darda
nelles. In popular way "Dardanelles"
came to stand for the fortified strait,
and as ordnance vas improved to COM
mand the widest part of the strait. and
as Notifications were built by the Turk
ish government at the Aegean and
Marmora ends of the strait, the whole
strip of water came to be called the
Dardanelles.
The British once forced the passage
of the Dardanelles. That was in 1907,
when Admiral Duckworth with his
fleet fought his way from the Aegean
to the Sea of Marmora. By the treaty
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-12-06

ligiou and the idea of caste. forming
themselves into the three higher castles
of Brahmans. kshatriyas and Naisyas
the vanquished people forming the Su-
Gras or servile class. Just when this
Invasion occurred is not accurately
lsrown. 1t is believed to have ante
dated the fourteenth century b. c.
Sanskrit is supposed to have been
spoken by the conGuerors and to have
noon ii language OF their sacred
writings, the hottest of which are the
Nedas, believed TO have been compiled
about the fourteenth century i. e
The poem "Nahabharata" narrates the
deeds of two dynasties of kings, the
race of the sun and the race of the
moon. the most famous of these SOW
ereigns being Rama, or Ramchunder,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-12-06
improving the Boomerang.

THE boomerang OF the Australian
native, an instrument which is
more or less f:tlli!:a.' to American BOYS.
is o. various shape, and patterns. 1t
has remained for an Englishman so TO
improve the Australian cross-shaped
weapon that il is no more than a cross
of plain God, the lower strip of the
cross being one-third longer than the
other arms of it.
In throwing this the long lower end
of the cross is held firmly between the
thumb and finger vertically. with the
plane OF the cross beside ones face.
Thrown seventy-five feet, the boomer
anS will not return. but after il has
traversed 100 feet or more the revo-
1utioEs increase rapidly until it sweryes
and tegias its return flight to the
throVer.