davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1914-01-09
LITTLE THINGS COUNT
English Farmer Profits by Keep
ing Detailed Records.
Ram Is Kept Separate Until Ewes Are
Gathered for Inspection, Thereby
Avoiding All over-Exertion In
Running Around.
CBy e. H. JAYNEs.)


Nothing is more discouraging than
a lot Of lambs of various ages, uneven
In size. running with flock of ewes
that would. had they been given the
opportunity, have lambed at the same
period. For the past month or two
the ram should have been in a lot by
himself and eating all the nice Juicy
grass he desired.
The value Of such a grass plot can
hardly be over-estimated. It gives
the ram tender bit of picking, caus-
ing him to take sufficient exercise to
keep him in the best of trim.
Supplement this with an abundance
OF fresh water, a little salt and trifle
OF oats, and we have a combination
guaranteed to give results in the line
OF big, strong, vigorous sire.
A practice that is common with
English breeders and which our
farmers must eventually follow is the
hard coupling of ram and ewes.
The American farmer turns his ram
with the ewes and trusts to luck u
bring him good crop. He does not
know whether the ram is safely set
Ting the ewes or not.
Too often the ram abuses himself,
to the detriment of the latter part of
the crop. Then, too, the exertion from
running around, as a ram in a bunch
OF ewes usually does, undermines his
vigor.
Compare this with your English
farmer The ram is kept to himself
all the time except when he is led
out to the ewes. He gets his allowance
Of grain and his bite Of grass, no mat
ter how hard pressed the farmer is
for feed. for he knows too well that a
handful Of grain given to the ram is
as good as one given to each of the
ewes.
When evening comes, the farmer
leads his ram out to where the ewes
are gathered for the inspection of the
ram. The lead is loosened from his
halter and he quietly proceeds to in
spect the flock. One il found In heat,
she is served and the shepherd quietly
removes her while the ram continues
his inspection.
When all has been served the ram
is removed and a record is made OF
the ewes bred, the date and anything
else that may be needful.
The pure bred owner takes the ear
tag number Of his eve and her date
Of breeding Is put down on his flock
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1914-01-09

former who has to tell by guess"
about when eve is to lamb, and who
consequently looses a high per cent.
of his crop.
Is 1t too much trouble to do this?
Is 1t too much trouble to get your corn
planted or to harvest your oats when
ripe?
Your lambing season is your har-
vest. 1t awaits you, but the time OF
harvesting (giving birth to lambs) Is
uncertain, unless you know by your
records when to expect 1t.
Brother farmer. 1t is these little
things that count. They mark the
difference between the progressive
farmer and the shiftless or Indifferent,
between the business farmer and the
work horse kind. between the money
maker and the loser, between success
and failure. We are all of US either
one or the other.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1914-01-09
UNKNOWN TO SCIENCE
STRANGE ANIMALS BELIEVED TO
EXIST IN AFRICA.
Particulars Have Not Been Made Pub
lie, But Professors oENaturaI His
tory Arc Inclined to Credit
the Report.

Elk Africa semper aliquid novi. The
proverb Of the ancient world still holds
good in the busting days and amid the
unf1agging activities of the twentieth
century. The latest report from what
used to be known as the Dark Cont
nent appears in contemporary, the
London correspondent of which re-
cords report Of the discovery Of yet
another strange and unknown beast"
in East Central Africa.
Particulars are said to have reached
the Natural History museum at Lon
don Of the existence of an animal
about the size of bear, tawny color,
with very shaggy long hair" This in
teresting creature is also described as
short and thick-set in the body, with
high withers and a short neck and
stumpy nose," and "its existence is
vouched for by more than one off,
cial"
Inquiry at the museum by repre-
sentative of the Pail Mall Gazette
fails, however, to confirm these attrac-
tive details. In the eyes of the author
tiles at South Kensington "particu-
lars" of such discoveries have to be Of
definite and material kind in the
shape Of some portion of the animal,
bones, for example, or piece Of
skin.
Nothing Of that sort Is at present
forthcoming. "Rumors have. however,
reached the museum" said an official
Of the mammal department, "of the
existence of hitherto unknown ami
NAL, possibly such as is described, but
we have no particulars and can,
therefore, substantiate no account of
details. When the okapi was discov-
cred particulars were forthcoming in
the form of belts made from its skin
and worn by the natives"
you do not. then, credit the &C.
count?"
I'VE don't say such an animal does
not exist All that can be said is that
no particulars are to hand up to now.
There was rumor some time ago Of
the discovery of water elephant
which, apparently, was of the nature
OF very substantial tapir. but moth
ing seems to have come of 1t. II we
could have proper systematic survey
OF Central Africa 1t would probably re-
suit In the discovery of any number
OF new creatures.
THE Kongo region, whence this ru-
NOR in all probability arises, is almost
unknown from geological point Of
view. There are, for instance, any
number Of new monkeys there, con-
corning which we find nothing in the
books Of ten years ago. A few men are
engaged In natural history research on
the borders Of the Kongo region, and
the East Africa districts have been
swept by the big game expeditions of
Roosevelt and others. But without
doubt there are many unknown ami
mails yet to be discovered in the Kon.
go region"
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1914-01-09

upon farm implements and with ma
nure containing smutted onion refuse,
as discarded onions are usually de-
posted upon manure piles. In some
sections the losses resulting from this
fungus have been so great that the
growers, in some cases, no longer find
the crop profitable.
The severity of the disease in DIFF.
ferent localities Is variable 1t ap.
pears at first in isolated spots here
and there in a field, and from these
spreads in all directions until the
whole piece becomes affected, and the
cultivation Of onions upon 1t has to
be discontinued. Short rotations do
not materially diminish the amount of
smut; in a particular field badly
smutted the order of planting had
been clover for two years, corn one
year. A five-year rotation will not,
from the experience of growers. elm
mate the disease.
1t appears reasonably certain that
the disease is not generally spread by
the seed. 1t may, however, occasion
ally be introduced with seed from an
infected locality 1t is also certain
that the smut is spread with plows,
weeders, harrows, rakes and hoes. by
spores clinging with infected earth to
the implements.
When soil is known to be affected
one pound Of 40 per cent. formalde-
hyde to 1888 gallons Of water should
be applied with drip attachment on
a seed drill at the rate of 500 to 700
gallons Of solution per acre. This
has been used with success by sew.
eral large growers. In one instance
the treated part Of field yielded over
500 bushels per acre, while the un.
treated plot yielded only about 100
bushels of inferior onions to the acre.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1914-01-09
Practical Nursery Rug.

For a good all-round rug in a room
where children run about, an army
blanket is just the thing. 1t clings to
the floor and dust does not go through.
1t sweeps easily and washes without
any shrinking or wrinkling.
When asbestos table mats are soiled
and unfit for table use, try laying
them for few minutes on a glowing
fire In the furnace, handling them
carefully, with a garden fork; they
will come out with the dirt burned or
and white.
Lemon Juice will clean aluminium.
II your aluminium pans and Kettles be-
come blackened. just put little of
the Juice on cloth and rub the uten-
sill we'll.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1914-01-09
Rot Of tomatoes.

This disease often attacks plants
that are not sprayed. 1t is first no
ticeable as small, black or brown spots
on the leaves or stems Of the plants,
occurring first on the lower and older
leaves; but with favorable weather 1t
spreads rapidly until the plant is de-
foliated, and the spots on the stems
have coalesced into irregular. blackish
patches. II piece Of bark with these
spots be examined under high power
microscope, innumerable small, cres-
cent-shaped bodies may be seen.
These are the fruiting spores Of the
fungus. Spray with Bordeaux mixture.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1914-01-09
AUTUMN CARE OF THE COLTS
Young Animals Should Be Given Some
Grain and Hay Just Before Pas
tures Begin to Dry Up.

Young colts should not be left out
In the pasture until they begin to get
low in flesh. It is much more profit
able to begin feeding them a little
grain and hay along before pastures
begin to dry up to have them in readi-
ness to 60 on dry feed later without
any serious trouble.
This Is too often neglected; and.
when young colts are brought in thin
in flesh. and they cannot be taken
through the winter in the condition
that they could have been. this neg
lect 10 inexcusable.
In weaning the colt from the mare,
It should have the very best Of care,
a. the change Of conditions is liable
to cause some trouble. While on the
good summer pasture the mare gave
milk that was easily digested and in
taking colts from milk to dry food
1t is necessary that they should re.
ceive the very best Of attention. They
should be properly fed in order to
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1914-01-09
FALL
Hlsh-erade Apples Of Few Varieties.

High-Grade Apples Of Few Varieties.
Oregon Agricultural College, Corval-
lis.-Western fruit growers ship too
many varieties East, and put in grades
that are too low, according to Eastern
dealers. Instead Of growing 65 vari-
eties in quantities sufficient for ship
ment in carload lots, they should con-
fine themselves to about 16 varieties,
choosing from this number the kinds
best suited to their districts, say the
Eastern dealers. And the only two
grades that should be shipped are
fancy and extra fancy.
The varieties most favorable named
by jobbers and retailers are as fol-
lows, according to DR.. Hector Mac
pherson, who made careful investi-
cation of Eastern apple markets, as
the Oregon representative of the
American Commission: Winesap,
Staymen Winesap, Newtown Pippin,
Delicious, Spitzenberg, Rome Beauty,
Ortley, White Winter Pearmain, Black
Ben Davis, Gano, Arkansas Black,
Jonathan, Grimes Golden, Winter Ba-
mana, and Mcintosh Red. On the ques-
tion Of grades, DR.. Macpherson thinks
the rigid exclusion Of all but the two
highest grades may be little ex-
treme.
"If the fruitmen were strongly
enough organized to operate their own
systems Of cold storage, canneries,
dryers, and vinegar and cider plants,
the risk OF handling the lower grades
would be reduced to minimum" says
DR.. MACPHERSON, of the Oregon agri-
cultural college. "An efficient system
OF market reports would indicate the
best disposal Of the low grade fruit.
II sampled dozens Of boxes of West
ern fruit that was on sale in Chicago
stands, and have many pages Of my
notebook filled with the names of
growers and shipping associations.
And 1t Is fact that many Of these
apples never should have been shipped
East. They should have been sold at
home for what they will bring, or util-
lied In a cannery, dryer or vinegar
plant.
"But the whole matter hinges upon
effective organization. The most far.
sighted wholesale men in the East
said to me: Unless you Western apple
men can get together somewhat after
the manner Of the citrus organizations,
you will run amuck over and over
again. A reliable organization should
standardize and control the apple crop
Of the whole Northwest. No other
force can place the fruit where It is
the most needed and in the right form
to command the highest price,
"Is such an organization possible? ?
The question is answered by a map
Of fruit distributing association, which
was displayed at the National Apple
Show In Spokane, indicating the sale
Of 2779 cars Of fruit, whereby more
than one and quarter million dollars
were put In the pockets Of Northwest
growers. II looks as though organiza
tion were already an accomplished
fact"
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1914-01-09
Small Fruit Matters.

During the fall and winter Is a good
time to begin preparation for the set
ting of the strawberry bed next
spring, or those bush fruits that
should be found in every garden.
Late fall plowing is advantageous. It
tends to the destruction of insect life.
Fall plowed land is, as rule, in a
workable condition in the spring
ahead of unplowed land.
The action Of the elements will
make the soil more friable. Because
of these two points gained, the mois-
ture, contents and conserving power
of the soil will be increased.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1914-01-09
Poultry.

Now is the time to get rid of all
surplus stock, such as an oversupply
Of cockerels, culls, and late-hatched
pullets that won't begin to lay till
spring. Place this surplus, which Is
not to be used for breeding purposes,
in a fattening pen and feed the follow
ing ration, selling when prices are 60
ing up and do not wait too long:
FATTENING RATION-Equal parts
ground oats, middlings, and cornmeal
with 20 per cent beef scrap, moisten-
ed with sour milk fed all that will be
eaten up clean three times daily. It is
a good plan to pour boiling water over
the corn meal to cook it before mixing
the mash. Begin to feed this ration
two weeks before marketing.
Feed all laying hens balanced ra-
ton, consisting Of a variety of grains,
requiring them to exercise a good part
Of these days by scratching for the
grain portion Of their rations. Feed
a little more corn at the evening meal
during these coolest nights, but keep
close watch on the fowls appetites to
see that they do not become fat and
lazy. Give abundance of green stuff,
such as mangolds, carrots, kale, and
cabbage.
Keep all fowls comfortably housed
where there are no drafts or damp
ness, but plenty Of fresh air and sun
shine. See that the buildings are alb
solutely free from lice or mites. A
good plan is to twhitewash the houses,
placing in the whitewash few drops
of carbolic acid as a disinfectant, and
painting the under sides of the roosts.
Provide the fowls with a good clean
straw five or six inches deep, and II
the floor isn't dirt one. place a good
dust bath in the sunlight where the
birds will have free access to 1t. Keep
all hoppers supplied with grit, granu.
lated bone, crushed oyster shell, bran
and ,protena. Keep the sexes separate
until the mating season, which is not
far off. This will result in stronger
breeding power and more fertile eggs
at the proper time. Now is the time
to get all new breeding stock for the
coming season. Feed these male birds
well and see that they exercise in or.
der that they keep healthy and vigor
Gus.
LILLIAN BLANCHARD.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1914-01-09
Reverse English,

The school concert had begun. Four
little girls were dressed to represent
the word Star" and each had one
letter of that word pinned onto her
snowy-white dress. Each letter began
the verse of a touching little song.
Now" said the teacher, form your
selves in position, and wait until the
curtain goes up"
The little girls did as they were told,
and while the piano played the accom-
paniment the curtain went up.
Instead Of applause to greet the
little girls. howls from the audience
met them.
The word they spelled was Rats. I"
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1914-01-09
LILLIAN BLANCHARD.

Two railroad men in the Terminal
yards were discussing. James ]. Hill
on the occasion Of the empire build
er's recent visit here.
Hes a great man, this Jim HILL"
said one.
That he is," replied the other.
Have you ever seen him?"
Seen him? Yes, often"
What does he look like?"
WELL" thoughtfully, 'he has the
same whiskers as Jesus In the pic
lures you see, but he's a leetle bit
heavier SET"
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1914-01-09

record. The grade sheep owner
marks his ewes in some conspicuous
manner.
For instance, the first week he uses
red paint placed on the hip, the Sec
ond week on the back, the third on the
shoulder, etc. Different colors of paints
being used, If possible to know by the
mark on her back just when she will
lamb.
When lambing time approaches
there is no question about when a
eve should lamb. He has the records.
A glance and he has the whole story
before him. A sharp contrast to the
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1914-01-09

This is the most important ap-
plication for California Peach
Blight. Fall spraying should
become regular orchard practice
in all sections where this dis
ease occurs. After the disease
Is once under control fall spray
ing should be sufficient and
the spring applications for this
disease may be dispensed with.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1914-01-09
New Exploslva.

Trotol Is the name Of a new explo-
sive said to be the safest high ex-
plosive known. Its formula was
worked out by Lieut.. Harold G. Wood.
ward, an officer in the New York Ma
uonal Guard. Six ounces Of trotol. IL
Is said. will do the work Of IL ounces
Of dynamite.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1914-01-09

prevent any bowel troubles. This rule
will hold good in taking young calves
through this period and in fact will ap-
ply to all kinds Of live stock. but
more especially to the young Of the
farm which are expected to turn in a
profit for the farmer the next year.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1914-01-09

Italy has Joined several other Euro
pean nations in prohibiting the manu-
facture, importation and sale Of alb.
sinthe.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1914-01-09
Keep the Garden Worklno.

Allow no ground in the garden to lie
idle. As soon as one crop has been
picked, clear up the ground and plant
another.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1914-01-09
HOW ONION SMUT IS SPREAD
Disease ls Conveyed From Field to
Field on Farm lmplements-One
Remedy Used by Growers.

During the last five years this dis
ease has spread rapidly, the smut prob
ably being conveyed from field to field
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1914-01-09
Pores In Mans Hand

There are $4,000 pores In the hand.
Of q man.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1914-01-09

II spraying prunes, Bordeaux,
4-4-60 or lime sulfur, 1-40, can
be used with safety.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1914-01-09

Ordinary paving asphaltum
should be used and can be ap-
piled with a paint brush. Ap-
ply from base of tree to IL or
IA inches up the trunk.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1914-01-09
Spray Calendar for Stone Fruits.

II leaf curl, moss and lichens
are the only troubles use Bor-
deaux $3.50. II curl has been
serious in previous years, and
insect pests are present use
Bordeaux in February and lime
sulfur plus Black Leaf-40 as
buds are swelling.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1914-01-09

Repeat last week in May. II
disease Is especially serious
make an application in the mid
die Of May also.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1914-01-09
FARM zND .4:l,!' ORCHARD

Notes and Instructions Agricultural Colleges and Experiment Stations
Oregon Washington Specially
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1914-01-09

These insects cannot fly, there
fore any sticky substance plac-
ed on bands about trunks
should keep them out of the
trees. Tree tanglefoot Is prob
ably the most efficient material
to use. Bugs in trees when
bands are put on can be shaken
from tree by jarring.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1914-01-09

Not necessary to make this ap
plication II insects do not ap
pear.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1914-12-11

smart ~ the modes exhibited At
Toledo.
Tho most startling thing sbou,
the 1915 modes IL the 1915 flare.
skirt.
II has Increased from q gentle
ripple to n mountainous billow. 4,
has reccd.d from tn. ankle TO the
ahoe top.
But IT'S chic and IT'S cute. and
tia very daring and naturally tia
very popular with all upto-the-
styles women.
Not all the skirts In fashions
pageant ripple or flare. however.
Two OF the models illustrated are
made on straight limo designs. but
10Th wer- very popular AZ tho 70.
cent fashion exhibit.
Dark blue poplin IL used in the
upper illustration.
The suspcnders that uphold the
full gathered skirt are Its distinc-
tive feature.
White silk revers trim tho cuffs
and collar.
In tho lower picture chic little
suit In shepherds plaid IL shown
The particularly French touch
about II is the rcd velvet belt and
collar and cuffs and the vivid vel
vet that bands the rather wide
skirt.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1914-12-11
To Put on Flesh
and Increase Weight
A PhyaIelan,s Advice

Nost thin peopls cat from four TO six
pounds Of good. solid. fat-rnskfns food
every day. and fiii do not Increase IA
weight one ounce. while on the other
hand many Of tbs plump. chunky folks
eat very lightly and keep gaining all the
tims. IT'S All bosh to ssy that this 10
the nature Of the Individual II isn't
Natures way At all
Thin folks stay thin bsoause their pow
ere Of assimilation ar. defective. They
shsorb just enough Of the food they eat
health and strength. ssuffinG won't hsip
them. A dozen meals a dsy Won't make
them gain n singis stay thsrs" pound.
All the fat-producinG elements of their
food Just stay in he intesttnss until thsy
pass from tho body as waste. What such
peopis nsed IL something that will pre-
pare these fatty food siemsnts 90 that
their blood can absorb them and deposit
them ali about tho body--romsthins, too
that will multiply their red blood cor
puscies and increase their blood's carry
Ing power.
For such a condition always recon
mend eating a ssrsoi tablst with every
meal. sarwoi IL not. as some bsiisve. a
patented drug. but 10 scisntiflc com
bination ~ six OF the most effective and
powerful flesh building clements known
TO chemistry. II IL absolutely harmless
yet wonderfully effective. and q single
tablet eaten with each meai often has
the effect Of Increasing the weight Of q
thin man or woman from three to five
pounds q week Barroi IL sold By Bar
tell Drug Co. ssifts Pharmacy and
other good druggists evsrywhers on a
positive guarantee Of weight Increase or
money sck.---Adysrtisem.nt.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1914-12-11
H0LDUP BEATS
AGED MANI MAY
Die Of HURTS

Because he refused 10 comply 20
the demands OF thug who tried 10
rob him Thursday night about 7
o'clock. Martin Johnson. 6s. an en-
pioye OF the city street department.
was 10 badly beaten he may die.
The thug struck Johnson over
the head several times with load.
ed slug. One OF the blows crushed
Johnson's skull.
The attack occurred IN front OF
the Peoples market. on Phinney
ave. near kilbourne IT.
Two men followed johnson after
he had slishted from a street car.
One OF them accoeted Johnson and
demanded his money.
His refusal enragcd the hold-up
man. who attacked him.
Johnson ~ being treated at the
Noble hospital.