The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1914-06-14

nent upbuilding and Improvement
Cotton and corn, instead Of being
grown year after year on the same
land. should be grown in a syste-
matte rotation, including the iegumes."
jackson County Soils.
"A1l of the state of Florida is com
pretended in the Photographic prov
fnce known as the Coastal Plain. The
geological formations Of this division
are all sedimentary, lie in nearly hor-
zontal beds, and consist mainly of
clays and sands. The sea occupying
the present position of Florida was
in early time remote from sources Of
sediment and the proportion of wash
from the higher land to the north and
west was much less here than nearer
the original shore line. The clear and
open sea was favorable to the exist
ence of certain forms Of shell life,
which f1ourished in vast numbers,
their accumulated remains being later
transformed into limestone. Florida
is thus exceptional in being underIain
at shallow depths by consolidated Sc
dimentary deposits. The general ge-
ology Of Florida is comparatively
simple, as all the rocks are of sedi-
mentary origin.
From a geological standpoint the
Florida deposits are all Of compare
lively recent date. The oldest forma-
ton described is the Vicksburg lime
stone believed to belong to the Oil
gocene division OF the Cenozoic. This
formation, which doubtless underlies
the entire state has an estimated
thickness Of between 200 and 800 feet
This rock is, as a rule, soft and fri
able, although 1t may contain flint
masses which are very resistant to
weathering It contains an abundance
of foraminifera and many other ma
rine invertebrates and bivalves mol
1osks and corals predominating. 1t is
the most important water bearing for
nation OF central Florida. Much OF
the surface of the surveyed area is
dotted with sink holes Of all sizes
These sinks are formed where the
near the surface and are not found
where the earthly mantle has a con-
siderable thickness. Underground
streams and caves also evidence the
proximity of the limestone. The sinks
tend to fill by the caving in of the
sides and the addition of material
washed and blown from the surround
ing land, and a result a dark col
Ored heterogeneous spill is formed in
these depressions. These sinks and
solution basins give rise to the Swamp
soil and the semi-swampy Wyatt fine
sandy loan type.
The cred Lime Lands"
1.-THE Vicksburg limestones fire.
Quently outcrop along the Apalachi-
cola and Chipola rivers and Holmes
creek and influence the soils in vary
Ing degrees. The red lime lands of !
the Mariana area have been CORE |
lated with the Greenville series and |
are quite extensively developed. They |
characterize, in a general way the !
country from north of Campbellton |
to near Mariana and are said to ex-
tend east and northeast from the |
point nearly to the Chattahoochee /
river. They also extend north OF the |
area into Geneva county. Ala. These /
red soils are reputed to be rich in !
lime and are considered strong soils |
for general agriculture. The Greenville /
clay bears but little evidence Of the |
original Lafayette covering. The sub /
soil IS product OF the direct wealth /
eE1ng OF the close underlying Nicks-
burg limestone
East and west Of the Chipola river
the country generally has a higher
elevation and here the Nicksburg is
buried beneath later formations. The
Lafayette formation is believed to
have covered all or practically all of
Jackson county. The several, soil
types OF the uplands having gray sur
face SOILS with yellow or reddish sandy
clay suh-soils trace their derivation to |
the Lafayette deposits. The SUPER j
f1cial sands OF the upland country II
grading In color from gray to pale II
yellow, are believed by eminent au- II
thorities to be bIea ched OUT Iayfavett,. Il
sands, although some observers regard II
them as material Of the Columbia for II
nation. II
Norfolk and Orangeburo.
THE soils having the yellow sub u