Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1914-07-08

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ing are now evidenced BY federal in.
vestigations. court procedures, etc.
Exclusive emphasis upon the me
chanical. produced students who
were more nearly automatic than
anything else. They knew little
about meeting extraordinary situa.
tons and with the laws Of industry
they were absolutely unfamiliar.
The movement to remedy the "get.
educated-in.six.months" craze was
conspicuous when the curricula OF
many prominent universities and col.
leges were modified SO as to include
business subjects and when the high
schools inauguratcd their business
courses. The greatest obstacle in
the way, at first, was an incompetent
teaching force. At that time, how
ever, there we're few facilities for ad.
vanced study. But this condition
was rapidly being remedied. IN 1912
there werelia the United States 224
universities and colleges offering
courses in commerce, at least ten OF
which today are doing work Of extra.
ordinary scope and distinction.
But there is still need Of advance.
ment. The curricula of our com.
mercial high schools need revision
and the teaching force vigorous sup.
e~rvision. Short courses, except when
offered to mature students with pre-,
requisites, snould be generally elm.
mated. Between the business fra.
ternfty and the educational interests
there should be a spirit of genuine
cooperation; and most important Of
all is q general recognition Of bust.
ness as a profession.
TUESDAY AFTERNOON
Abstract Of address before the Gen.
erai Sessions.
subjeet-T1aehers' Pensions.
Author-W. 1. Hamilton, Agent, Mae
e~achusetts.5 Board Of Education,
Boston, Macs.
As a nation, we have made marked
progress in the development of re-
tirement funds for teachers. Seven
years ago, two state were paying re-
tirement allowances to teachers out
of state funds Now twelve have
made more Or less satisfactory pro-
visions for such payments. These
states contain over twenty-five per
cent Of the population of the coun-
try. Twenty.thrce states have enact
ed laws Of varying scope regarding
teachers retirement allowances, with
the result that nearly one.third Of
the teaching force of the public
schools Of the United States nov
have the protection afforded by some
sort Of a pension system.
A Statement Of Principles.
Current knowledge of teachers re.
tirement funds makes POSSIBLE GER
tain assertion of principles that are
now proven to all fair minded stud.
ents Of the problem. Among them
may be enumerated the following:
The straight, or gratuitious, PEN
SIGN as applied to teachers does not,
and, probably on account Of its ex-
pense to the public. as we'll as the
question: ofsHAblic policy. never will
meet the needs Of the public school
service. On the part Of the public
there IL q growing hostility toward
such payments, butt an increasing
willingness to participate in helping
those who help themselves.
The cost Of a c%ontributory system
to teachers will, to a degree, be shift
ted over to tho public in the form of
higher salarieS, particularly III the
case Of the lowest paid teachers. but
even SO; the by-product Of such a
system, the habitsOf regularly saving
a part Of; one'slincoine is Of no small
value, considering the number Of
peODle involved. Hast
The custody 81 4tle accumulated
saviAEs4 BY thd,statSyori municipality,
forced sAvfngsIssthough they may he;
guarantees safs si1vestment for "a
group Of people not heretofore con
spicu0us1y sucSessful ins4their invest
lmentsa. ! SSEttss4l sEzS55##alI f,FTA sstEeT.e%
The return " tho total anlountyof
all savings wlthardnpcind interest
to- the teacher who witfdraws; from
service. before bei1g@rBtirpd should
be guaranteedsaa@svefy retirement
system hereaftSffa stsbiished Re-
tanning any portion u these savings
isa absolutely snjusttaGbis soelongsas
OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES lived pro.
fession Under existing conditions
Al.p>~o-.. gAx..hau~ 11RS nfxtA1, SS,e,~