davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Imperial Valley press., 1914-10-29
Taken Prisoners.
(By Francis l.. Murray

(By Francis l.. Murray
Petrograd, Oct. 29.-More than 49,
900 German prisoners were taken by
the Russians in the fighting of the
last ten days, according to the Army
Gazette. Military experts estimate
the losses of the allies forces in the
eastern theatre, killed and wounded,
number at least $4,000 more, making
a total of casualties of 10000.
Imperial Valley press., 1914-10-29
Carranza's Resignation.

Aguas Calientes, Oct. 29.-The Ia
patista delegates to the national peace
have not yet been accepted
as full-fledged members, on account
of protests by Carranza. Colonel Gar
"a expects to have the convention take
action Immediately upon the resigna
tion of Carranza.
Imperial Valley press., 1914-10-29
Johnson Goes to Feds.

team received a telegram today from
Vice President Ball stating that Wal
ter Johnson, twirler for the Washing
ton Senator's, has signed a contract
with the Federal leaguers.
Washington, Oct. 29.-"T don't think
il is true" was the only comment of
Clark Griffith, manager of the Sena-
tors, when shown the report that
johnson had signed Federal con-
tract.
Chicago, Oct. 29.-Johnson, reached
by long distance at Fort Smith, de-
ried that he had signed with any
body.
Vote California Dry
Taxicab Robbery.
New York, Oct. 29.-Taxicab ban
dits today held up two employees of
the Stanley Soap Works in West
Thirtieth street and robbed them of
$4,000, the weekly payroll. There
were four bandits and while two held
the victims at the point of revolvers
the other two ran with the loot to
Twenty-ninth street, leaped into tax
icab and sped away.
Vote California Dry
COlOred Peoples Dry Rally-At the
East Side schoolhouse tonight there
will lie rally of the colored people
in the interest of dry state, when
Mayor Swanson, J. l.. Travers, Mr.
Saunders of Imperial and E. F. Howe
will speak Most of the colored peo
pie ne in favor of dry state, and
it is expected that there will be big
attendance.
Vote California Dry
Children's HOur-The usual Satur-
day morning story hour will be held
at the Library Saturday, October 81
This will be the last of the six weeks
story course. Beginning November p
another interesting six weeks story
course will be held. All children be.
tween the ages of five and fourteen
are cordially invited to come and
hear the stories.
Vote California Dry
Fine Music-At the home of Mr.
and Mrs. F. B. Ferris last evening
where DR.. and Mrs. Bowles of Whit.
tier are guests, Mr.. Nettelton assist
ed Mrs. Bowles last evening in {
pleasing musicale, Mrs. Bowles at tn,
piano and Mr.. Nettleton with violin
Imperial Valley press., 1914-10-29
Million-Dollar Fire.

North Tonawanda, N. Y, Oct. 20
With second fire raging, the lumber
yards of Breby Brothers are a total
loss from a blaze which started early
today. The loss may reach $1,000,000.
The iremen had the fire, which start
ed early in another lumber yard, well
under control, when the second was
discovered. 1t is believed the last was
the work of the same incendiary who
was responsible for the first.
Imperial Valley press., 1914-10-29
California Dry
Women Assemble.

Chicago, Oct. 29.-Five hundred
women gathered today at the opening
of the forty-sixth annual convention
of the Illinois Equal Suffrage Associ-
alton and were welcomed by heads
of leading Chicago organizations.
President Grace Wilbur Trout called
the opening session to order.
Uota california Drv
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1914-05-09

edy seen in many moons Following
is the cast
Miss Matilda Perkins Claudia Fay
White
Miss Arabella Perkins Grace Van
diver
Mrs. Josiah Ingalls, Dovie Reynolds
Gwendolyn Perkins Dorothea Quig
ley,
Betty -Leola Eskridge.
Hannah Gladys Banta.
Matilda and Arabella Prim Spinsters
Matilda-St
Arabella- Weeping. sentimental
Gwendolyn Sweet young niece.
Mrs. ingalls,, Betty, Hannah Furnish
the fun.
Mrs. Ingalls, Old fashioned. fogy wo
man keeper Of female hotel
Hannah An Irish maid Of all work
who aids Gwendolyn in her love az
fair
Betty Funny English maid
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1914-05-09

Sharpless The American consul
Lieut. b. r. pinkerton or the =. $.
navy.
Kate Pinkerton His bride
Spanish Caprice Moszkowski
Madame Butterfly Part ] Long
Mis- Vandiver:
Concerto in G Minor Mendelssom
Motto allegro cou fuoco, Andante,
Motto allegro e viyace
Orchestral parts ON the piano,
Miss Cabell.l
Miss Shaughnessy.
Madame Butterfly" Part ll----Lons
Miss Vandiyer
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1914-05-09
COLLEGE NOTES.
: ! > +++++ +++ = =
4MApAME RUrTERFLY.g n

On the evening Of May IS at $50
o'clock in the O. G, w. auditorium,
the graduating recital of the depart
ment of music and expression win be
given, Madame Butterfly" having
been chosen as the piece. The east is
complete and only a dress rehearsal
or two is required before the perform
ance The piece is under the direc-
ton Of Miss Olive Leaman McClintic.
Miss Grace Vandiver will take the
leading role. Following is the cast and
program;
Madame Butterfly
Suzuki-Her servant.
Nakodo-A conniying marriage broker.
Ymadori-- "A Japanese suitor
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1914-05-09
++++@.++++++++

Extracts from Helen Keller's essl

Extracts from Helen Keller's essay,
Optimism:
If / regarded my life from the point
Of view OF the pessimist, ! should pc
undone should seek in vain for the
light that does not visit my eyes, and
the music that does not ring IN my
ears. J should beg night and day and
never be satisfied. | should sit apart
ia awful solitude. prey to fear and
despair Bnt since consider 1t 4
duty to myself and to others 20 be
happy, escape q misery worse than
any physical deprivation
who shah dare let hi. ncapaciiy FOR
hope or goodness east i shadow upon
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1914-05-09

the courage Of those who bear their
burdens as II they were prlyIleges2
The optimist cannot fall back. cannot
alter for he knows his neIghbor wiz
be hindered by his failure to keep ii
line He viii therefore hold bis place
fearlessly and remember the duty oil
silence Sufficient unto each heart is
It's own sorrow He will take the iron
claws Of circumstance in his hand ami
use Them as tools to break away the
obstacles that block his path He will
work as ii upon him alone depended
the establishment Of heaven on eerth.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1914-05-09

Dizziness, vertigo. cblind staggers)
sallow complexion. flatuIence are
symptoms Of torpid liver. No one
can feel well while the liver is mac
tive Herbine is a powerful liver stim-
ulant A dose or two will cause all
bilious symptoms to disappear Try it.
Price soc. Sold BY Owl Drug store.
ADV. d&w
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1914-05-09
"A MANS VOICE.

Wednesday afternoon at 1870 in the
O. c w auditorium. The students will
render a comedy in two acts entitled,
"a Mans Voice" Preparations afe
complete and The piece promises p be
one OF the most sparkling bits Of s5m'
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1914-05-09
AMERICAN LEAGUE.
Standing Of the Teams.
Results Yesterday.

Results Yesterday.
\ Detroit 10, Chicago 8.
Boston 3, New York 0.
Washington 3, Philadelphia .; ten
inmings
Only three games scheduled
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1914-05-09

Barbed wire curs. ragged wounds,
collar and harness gals heal np quick.
ly when BaIlard's Snow Linimeni ls
applied II Is both healing and amt.
septic. Price 25c, SOC and $3.50 per
bottle Sold By owl Drug Store
Adv. d&W
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1914-05-09

= +4+++++++++++++4
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1914-05-09
NATIONAL LEAGUE.
Standing Of the Teams.
Results Yesterday.

Cincinnati 3, St. Louis 9. >
All other games postponed ON aC
count Of rain.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1914-05-09
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION.
Standing Of the Teams. |
ResuIts Yesterday.

Minneapolis y. Columbus 3.
Kansas city Z, indianapolis s
st. Paul /, Cleveland 3.
Milwaukee 9. Louisville 3.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1914-05-09
FEDERAL LEAGUE.
Results Yesterday.

ST. Louis Z, Pittsburgg 6.
Buffalo 5, Kansas City $.
Others postponeds rain.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1914-10-29
These BIrda Are Thieves.

"Red-headed woodpeckers cost the
telegraph companies thousands of dol
lars every year." said member OF
the New York construction depart
ment. They steal the property of the
company. and this is how they get 1t:
Have you ever put your ear against
telegraph pole and heard the low
humming from the wires reverberate
through the wood? Well, the wood
peckers put their red topknots against
pole. They hear the humming as
you do, but not being highly educated
they mistake the sound for that made
by grubs boring in the wood. Now a
grub looks to lean woodpecker as a
Delmonico dinner to a hungry tramp,
and having decided that the humming
noise denoted the presence Of a square
meal, the woodpecker sets about to
corral it. have just returned from
the West on tour of inspection, and
have seen 25-foot telegraph poles with
two and three hundred holes drilled
clear through them. Some Of the holes
were big enough for me to put my
hand In it. The birds eat them through
in few months.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1914-10-29
New Power Vehicle.

The latest addition to the family of
motor-driven vehicles is the autoped.
This machine has the carrying plat
form below the wheel axles and is
designed to be ridden while standing
upright on one or both feet, the con-
troll being in the steering pillar. The
engine, 21s horsepower. is built in
the front wheel and the steering pillar
Is hollow, serving also as the gasoline
supply tank. The working parts are
entirely inclosed, making them dust
proof. and there are no pedals or
cranks about the machine, which will
maintain, so the inventor claims, an
average speed Of 20 miles per hour
over country roads. with consump-
tion of gasoline Of but one gallon to
the hundred miles,
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1914-10-29
Dyak War Yell.

was anxious to hear war yell,
writes the rance Of Sarawak In the
October Wide World magazine, and
asked the rajah to get native to give
vent to one of these sounds of graft
fication, heard when heads are taken
by Dyaks without loss to themselves.
A curious falsetto sound issued from
his lips. 1t went higher and higher,
louder and louder, something between
the Growing Of a cock and the whistle
of steam engine, and then it died
down into a whisper Two or three
times he repeated this performance,
which greatly interested me. 1t was
not SO terrible as ! had imagined 1t
must be, but the rajah explained that
when heard in a chorus Of thousands
of men. all yelling at once. as he had
heard 1t after successful skirmishes
with the pirates, it was most terri
flying experience and froze the blood
in ones veins.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1914-10-29
eermany,s First Letter Post.

The first actual letter post of Ger
many seems to have been established
in the Hanse towns in the latter part
Of the twelfth or the early part of the
thirteenth century. A line Of lettel
posts followed connecting Austria with
Lombardy in the reign of Maximilian
(1459-1519), which is said to have been
organized by Franz of Thurn and
Haxis, who established another post
route in 1916 from Vienna to Brus
sells, connecting the more distant parts
of the domain of Charles V. The fam
lily of the prince of Thurn and Texts
continued to hold certain rights with
regard to the German postal system
until 1906, their posts being entirely
distinct from those of the crown.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1914-10-29
TONED UP WHOLE SYSTEM.

Chamberlain Tablets have done
more for me than | ever dared hope
for" writes Mrs. Esther Mae Baker,
Spencerport, N XVI Il used several
bottles of these sahiats a Few months
ago. They not only cured me Of bilious
attacks, sick headaches and that tired
out feeling, but toned up my whole
system. For sale by all dealers.
Adv. d&w
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1914-10-29
Unklnd Comparison.

An agricultural expert. who had
been invited to address a state
grange, expressed opinions with which
local farmer, a plain, uncultured
man, found fault After some discus
sion. in which the sense of the meet
ing was clearly with the farmer, the
expert lost his temper. Sir" he said
to his opponent, striving to speak
coolly, do you realize that l have
been in two universities, one in this
country and one in Germany" What
of that?' demanded the farmer, with
family flickering SMILE Il had a
calf that nursed two cows, and the
observation / made was the more he
nursed the greater calf he grew
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1914-10-29
Deafness Cannot Be Cured

BY local applications. as they Ncannot
reach the diseased portion of the ear
Theme is only one way to cure deafness,
and that is by constitutional remedies.
Deafness is caused by en- inflamed condi-
ton of the mucous lining of the Eusta--
chian Tube. When this tube is infiamed
you have a rumbling sound or imperfect
hearing, and when 1t is entirely closed,
Deafness is the result, and unless the in
f1ammation can be taken out and this
hearing will be destroyed forever; nine
cases out of ten are caused by Catarrh
which is nothing but an infiamed condi-
ton of the mucous surfaces.
We will give One Hundred Dollars for any
case of Deafness (caused by catarrh) that
cannot be cured by Halls Catarrh Cure.
Send for circulars, free
F. j. CHENEY & CO., Toledo. Ohio.
Sold by Druggists. s5c,
Take Halls Family Pills for constipation
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1914-10-29
First Public Schools.

It is impossible to be precise in an
swering the question as to when and
where the first public schools were in
stituted The idea probably originat-
ed with John Calvin about 1887, in
Geneva, from which time and place
the idea of popular education spread,
with many vicissitudes, to the other
countries OF Europe. especially Hol-
land, England and through Englend
TO this country. It was not. however,
until the establishment OF the United
States that the public school system
became thoroughly rooted.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1914-10-29
Express Want Aou bring results-
First Published ! I ed. September Sep 9; 1914; ,


SALE OF SURFACE OF INDIAN LANDS IN
Eastern Oklahoma by United States Government.
There will be sold at public auction to the highest
bidder at different railroad points in the Choctaw
and Chicsasaw Nations in eastern Oklahoma,
from November 16. 1914, to December 2. 1914. the
surface of approximately 3750o0 acres of Indian
aggregated coal and asphalt lands. at not less
than certain minimum prices. One person can
purchase not exceeding 100 acres Of agricultural
or $40 acres of grazing lands. Bids may be sub
mitted in person or by mail or by authorized
agents. Residence on land not required. Terms
rs per cent cash. rs per cent within one year and
the balance within two years. with per cent in
terest from Cate of sale. Where houses or other
improvements are located on the lands the same
will be sold. with the land. at appraised value.
improvements to be paid for in full at time Of
sale The coal and asphalt underlying these
lands will not be sold with the surface. except
where authorized. Where the coal and asphalt
are to be sold with the surface descriptive crcu
lars will so state. For maps and full information
communicate with the Superintendent for the
Five Civilized Tribes Muskogee, Oklahoma.
CATO SELLS. Commissioner of Indian Affairs.
9S1Ow
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1914-10-29
The shivers.

"One of the duke of Wellington's
famous sayings was that every uni
form didn't cover hero"
The speaker was Col. George Har-
vey. He continued:
THE best drilled troops have never
fought before. How, then, can they
fight well when they see on every side
their companions getting their heads
and arms and legs blown off?
"Chivalry may have been all very
well in the past, but today is the day
of machine guns, and SO rather hold
today to the little girls definition Of
chivalry.
'Chiyalry.' said she. is when you
feel colds
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1914-10-29

Jack frost will get you if
you don't look out. Get in
to and under a cover Of Mum
sing Underwear and you can
stand all the antics Of win
ter. Why Munsing Wear?
Because Of the high grade
yarns used. the superior
workmanship finish and fit;
although elastic, Munsing-
wear does not stretch out Of
shape. Neither will it shrink
If properly laundered. Mum
singwear is in every way
equal to and better than the
best among all rivals. It's
satisfactory throughout ev-
cry moment of underwear
wearing and to the final
hour Of service. A trial
means another friend for
our underwear department.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1914-10-29
n ) Personal
1'8 Mention

Sugg theater tonight We have one
of those good comedies. 1t
Jack Kilgore left this morning for
Tuttle ON business.
Childrens hats from soc up to $500
at Miss Bradfield's Saturday. lO-29-2t
Henry J. Johnson has gone to Am
Der on business.
Watch for that Kozy serial feature.
10-26-3t
w. S. Thompson of Agawam is in
the city today on business.
Sugg theater tonight. We have some
thing good to offer you. Such Little
Queen" featuring Mary Pickford. 1t
Sherman Hostick of Verden is spend
| ing the day in Chickasha on business.
| can save you money on your suit
or overcoat, if you give me a chance.
Webb Tailoring Co. Phone 1856.
10-24-6t
]. II. Stearns Of Ell Reno is a bust.
ness visitor in the city today.
Koy English. plumbing and heating
contractor. Phone BAL. fit
e. NJ. Higgins, travelling freight
agent of the Rock Island, is business
visitor in Lindsay today.
Full line OF ladies tailoring as cheap
as ready mades. Webb Tailoring Co.
Phone 1856. 10-24-6t
DR.. William r. Barry of Bradley is
| spending the day in Chickasha on bus.
| mess.
/ Let me refine your old coats and
! put new collar and buttons on. Webb
/ Tailoring Co. Phone 1876. 10-24-6t
H. A. Camp has resigned his posi-
tion with the mechanical department
OF the Rock Island,
Il Money to lend on farms and Chicka
sha property. See, or phone Harden
Roche Mortgage Co. 10-1-1mo
1.-THE Rose and the Thorn" Vita
graph feature. Kozy Thursday.
1O-2S-2t
1 We wish to thank our neighbors ant
4 friends for their many kindnesses and
floral offerings during the illness ant
death of our boy.-Mr. and Mrs. F. E
Baker and family.
Miss Vera Yost has resigned her po
sition as stenographer Of the Rocl
Island master mechanics office hers
and will return to her home in e
Reno.
Children's day for hats at Miss Brad
fields Saturday. 1O-29-2
The second number of the Lyceun
course will be the Hampton Cour'
Singers in sixteenth century costumes
at the college auditorium. Monday, No
vember 2. Benefit United Charities.
10-2S~5
Some show. "The Rose and the
Thorn" Kozy Thursday. 10-2S-2
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1914-10-29

Dave G. Bone has returned to his
home in Wichita, Kan, after visit to
his brother, |. A. Bone, in this city.
The latter has returned from trip to
Dallas.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1914-10-29

Sugg theater tonight. We always
give you your moneys worth. Mary
Pickford. Little Queen" tonight. 1t
A. S. Riddle left this morning for
Gracemont on business.
Children's hats from Soc up to $500
at Miss Bradfield's Saturday. 10-29-2t
Hans Simpson of Keokuk, Iowa,
owner of farm near Norge, is here
on a business trip.
Cleaning and pressing. Same old
price. Suits $780, Skirts as cheap as
the other fellow. Hand work Webb
Tailoring Co. Phone 1876. 10-24-6t
H. Fairmon, trainmaster of the Rock
Island at FL Reno, is spending the day
in Chickasha on company business.
Voyles have the only 1915 model
steam press with the natural body
shaped buck. 1t
BIG SALE-Selling trimmed and un-
trimmed hats at cost, lasting two
weeks only, at Mrs. Mahoney's. Bon
Ton Millinery 423 Chickasha avenue.
10-27-12t
Born last night to Mr. and Mrs.
Henry Burns, at their home, six miles
northeast of the city, boy. Mother
and babe are reported as doing nicely.
Get your harness and harness re-
pairing of Wadsworth & White.
Stiff
, See that Vitagraph feature, 'The
Rose and the Thorn" Kozy Thursday
It's classy. 1Oi2S-2t
| me second NUMBER or the Lyceum
course will be the Hampton Court
Singers in sixteenth century costumes,
at the college auditorium, Monday, No
vember 2. Benefit United Charities.
10-28-5t
| Henry Every has accepted posi-
tlon with the mechanical department
OF the Rock Island, and will be in the
service at Hobart.
A Halloween party will be given by
the Ladies' Aid of the Congregational
church in the basebent of the church
Friday evening, October 30 Good
things to eat and plenty of it in store
for you. Admission, including refresh
ments, 10 cents. 1O-2S-3t
Vitagraph presents THE Rose ant
the Thorn" at Kozy Thursday.
lO-2S-2t
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1914-10-29
NOTICE.

The Ladies of the Maccabees will
serve home made pumpkin pie, coffee
and popcorn balls in the dining room
of the X. of p. hall Friday night at the
Court of Honor dance. 10-2S-3t
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1914-10-29
3 DAYS MORE.

Men and womens suits cleaned and
pressed, 75c. The best work in town.
You can pay more. but you can't get
more. Voyles. Phone Ala. II
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1914-10-29
b y = = . " !. = = = . . y 4
READ THIS, PLEASE.

READ THIS, PLEAsE.
For months ana months no
tice has been running In the 4
Express requesting readers TO
report sociaN items to Phone 4
rs before Friday noon. The
instructions to the society ed I
itor are to accept no items for 4
Saturdays paper after that
hour unless they concern hap 4
penings on Friday afternoon or 4
evening. In spite of this re-
} quest in numerous instances I
reports on events occurring
early In the week are phoned
to the reporter on Friday
; afternoon. The rule adopted
is not an arbitrary one, but is
made necessary by the mechan-
, ical arrangements Of the news
, paper plant. Our readers win
confer a great favor by kindly !
, needing it.--Editor
? I. + 7 + + + Z 4 + = + Z Z + :
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1914-10-29

Henry Every has accepted a posi-
tlon with the mechanical department
OF the Rock Island, and will be in the
service at Hobart.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1914-10-29

Vitagraph presents THE Rose and
the Thorn" at Kozy Thursday.
1O-28-2t
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1914-10-29

The second number of the Lyceum
course will be the Hampton Court
Singers in sixteenth century costumes,
at the college auditorium. Monday, No
vember 2. Benefit United Charities.
10-2S-5t
Some show The Rose and the
Thorn" Kozy Thursday. 1O-2S-2t
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1914-10-29

Children's day for hats at Miss Brad
fields Saturday. 10-29-2t
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1914-10-29

Sugg theater tonight We always
give you your moneys worth. Mary
Pickford. Little Queen" tonight. 1t