The Alaska daily empire., 1914-12-16

TEE POLAND or TODAY
 Tbe Poland of 17t5 wae larger than any other European country, wish Chg exception cl Russia. roday it hoa DO political enltY says the Nedonal Geo graphicei society at Washington D. c. in & statement recently issued TWO centuries ago ila domain reaeheo from the Baltic Co che Carpathine and stretched fr0m eaat Co weaL for D diatance of approximately 600 nilea'
 sThe first partition Of Poland came in 1772 when Prussia and Auslria alarmed by the progress of Russia in poiand spsso8Jcd, as meane oi maintaining the equilibrium ol Eur ope. that ali three powers readlue. themselyes at the expense of Faieno reads the Soolety's bulletin. "Polapd lay utterly helpless. sho lost about one-iifth of her population and one fourth of her territory. The second partition. in 17e8, reduced Poland to one.third oi her original dimension with g population Of about S,59Q00O, A third treaty Of partition was slenea In I7s6. The Congress of Vienna, in 1915. divided Poland between Prua. sia, Austrll and Russia with the 5x- cepton Of Cracow. which was erected into a republic embodied in Galicia. Prosen and Gnegen, with 9 popula- ton of S10.000, were left 70 Prussia. Austria remained in possession of Ga- lcia, with its 1.500000 population. Lithunia end the Rutrenian Palat. nates continued to loo incorporated with Russia. The remnant was con. stituted as the so-called Congress Kingdom under the emperor Of Rus. sia as the king of Poland
 Tn the same year Czar Alexander ]. granted the new Kingdom consttu. ton, which declared it to be united 10 Russia, in the person Of the ear as a separate political entity. Poland retained its flag and national army In 1880. following the outbreak of the French revolution, a military revolt took place in Warsaw. This war last ed for ten months and at it's conclus- ion the Congress Kingdom was re- duced to the position Of a Russian pro vince The last remaining remnant of Poland's separate political existence was Cracow. and it was finally occu- pied by Austria in 1S46 The last at- tempt of the Poles to achieve inde. pendence was in 1863. It was marked by no real battle, and the uprising was soon repressed. Tho national history of Poland closes with this attempt atI freedom. In 1868. by ukase of theI emperor of Russia, the government was absolutely incorporated with that Of Russia and the use of the Polish language in public places and for public purposes was prohibited.
 Russian Poland contains the first line Of defensea Of the Russian Em- piro on its western frontier. The marshy lowlauds covered with forests on the western bank of the Yistula, offer a natural defense against an army advancing from the west, and they arc strengthened by a number of on that river The center of these later is Warsaw.
 ''The Poles arc rather of medium stature. and well built Those in the south are dark and in che north are inclined to be fair While well en- dowed by nature they are today not remarkable in that energy which that characterizes the northern races of Europe and in a sense Of unity which has been the strength of their pres ent rulers. and the reason is obvious. For several years past the German element has been annually increasing. both in number and in influence, in ! Russian Poland From remote anti Quity Poland has been celebrated for the production and export or grain. Since 1875 there has been a remark able development of manufacturing en- l terDrIse. The railroads of Russian Po- ! land have an aggregate length of Fl 800 niles
 "The entire administration of .he province is under tho governor gen eral. residing ct Warsaw. After tho of 1863 an towns with less than 2.O0O inhabitants were de- prived of their municipal rights. The elective municipal councils were prac-l dcally abolished. and Russian offic- CTS nominated in their place The prevalent religion is Roman Catholic
 -e.-e-c--
 Dainty practical. hand.made Xmas ! gifts. The Vogue, ST Seward st. etF