davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-08-01
STOCK EXCHANGE CLOSES.
avspcrd- business for First Time
since raulr Of 1879.

THO Ncw York stock Exchange sus-
p'rlod business yesterday IN account
~ financial uphenval for the first
me since 1873. The action was taken
only after overv other security mar
h"t of 'hc FIRST class I'm the world
'ad closed and f. became certain that
ne most powerful nations of Europe
were m tho verge Of n war the Ike
r. which tho world has never seen. and
Wat the local market, in case II re-
ma!ncd open, would be forced to bear
The hrunt Of a liquidation that would
h. worldwide.
The board ~ governors decided to
COS" Tho exchange only when they were
wrought face 20 face with these three
conditions. frs. that the banks re-
used 70 guarantee sufficient credit on
margin transactions: second. when il
was realized that It was impossible and
'lN"us % attempt to absorb the lioui-
'Acon ~ the world. and. third. when
ne h's wire houses, which had been
N'abl" 10 roach all their margin Gus
'o'n'rs over night. refused 10 trade.
"hen tho conference of bankers and
sock Exchange governors held at the
'''" ~ J. J.. Morgan & 60. on Thurs
Gay night broke up it was without any
intention Of closing the exchange as
''hS as there was a market. and such
OFT announcement was made at that
anne Yesterday morning, however,
"n'n The tiuancicrs and brokers got 10
''' desks they found a different sltua-
''" awaiting them. The war situation
"'' "''"'n" worse over night and the
''l'''r~ We're that there would be no
market except on the selling side. All
~ 'h' his wire houses announced that
"''' selling orders were in the hun
'feds Of thousands, while their buying
o'"F' w"r" estimated only in hundreds
W.. such a market il would have been
'Nn'ns 10 have attempted to do bust
~ the prices Of securities woult
'i'" melted away before such a flood OF
sHl.r.
hurried melting of bankers wa,
''.'d ar the offices Of j. T.. Morgan &
IhnS" present were j. !. Morgan
=. Dawson, Frank \. Nanderlip
resident Of the National CITY Bank
.raac.E /. UIno. president Of the F.rs
N'''.i' Bank and chairman Of ia,
'a' ~ lIous" committee. y. Barton
''''0 chairman of the board Of di
o.. go. o. II tho CHASE Va .,naI I,anl, m,
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-08-01
Dramatic Scene on Floor
Four Failures An
n0unced.
OTHER MARKETS CLOSE
Trading in Wall Street En-
tircIy Suspended-FOod
Prices Go Up.
Bit LINERS HELD IN PORT
Uomblrg-Amcrican and North
rcrman Lloyd Lines Can
eel All Sailings.

Tho New York Stock Exchange. the
last bi. exchange in the world to re-
main nlcn I'm the face of n general Eu-
rcrcar war. closed It's doors Yesterday
for me first time since the pan" of
81 Tho Consolidated Exchange. the
cotton Tvchan:" and tho Curb quickly
followed The flood of selling orders
bv foreign security holders prccipitated
tdc action.
Fou~ failures were announced. two
houses hclng members Of the Stock En-
change aud two Of the Cotton EX'
change.
The Hamburg American Line and the
North German Lloyd Line cancelled all
settings from this port. The mighty
WIS hold hero and :hc President Grant
0,s rrcnlIcd Lv wireless when 800
mics ~ sea.
FNurcss companies and banks an
rour,,I that no moro travellers checks
would 40 isSu"d and the Post Office De
,artmcn' limited foreign money orders
n one 800 order per person. This
action anrcts 100000 Americans living
10 Europe.
The Senate ~ the request Of Secrc
tarv nf tho Treasury McAdoo. passed
nm amendment 70 the Aldrich-Nrecland
currency net which virtually throw
omen % the banks Of the country $500,
100000 IN the United states Urea Sury
~ emergency currency.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-08-01
WAR NEWS IN BRIEF

LONDON-Britsh warships with coal stacked high their
decks left Plymouth ostensby for the North Sea- General
preparations are being made for mobilization. Large
crowds of Americans made frantic attempts to book
New York bound liners several of which have al
ready been held up because of the fear of general war
ST PETERSBU RG-The report that general Russian mobi
cation had started unconfrmed The reservists how
have been summoned This that the Russian
army will be brought to strength All races in the
empire have sunk their differences and enthusiastic for
BERLN-Mara law has been declared throughout the en-
pire. The Kaiser a speech in Berlin said: The sword
is being forced into hands. hope that
when all is shall sheath it with honor
VENNAConversations between the Russian Ambassador
and the Foreign Office continued. No results yet
known.
PARSErench troops are being moved toward the German
frontier. No general mobilization has yet been ordered
but preparations continue Jean Jaures the Socialist
leader shot down by assassin because of his anti
attitude.
NISHA handful of Serbs held large force of Ausrans at
Losnza Three we'll defended positions remain between
the frontier and Nish
ROME-The Giornole DIale Germany has sent ul
matum France demanding assurance of its neu-
traity within twelve hours The second ultimatum de-
mands that Russia shall mobilization within twelve
hours Both utimatums expire at to-day Italy Off
ciay declares that she will remain neutral in the event Of
a general war.
NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. authorities took steps to protect
this country. Secretary McAdoo announced that the Gov
eminent ready issue $500 900 of emergency
under the provisions of the act
Paul NJ Warburg agreed to appear before the Senate
Committee on Banking and Currency, which probably
that he will be confirmed as member OF the Fed
era Reserve Board Secretary McAdoo made reassuring
in regard to the gold supply of the Government
NEW YORKThe Stock Exchange closed its doors
of food of selling orders from foreign holders of Ameri
can securities The Consolidated Exchange followed after
half hours session and the Cotton Exchange did not
open. The curb market quit and trading in Wall Street
came to a standstll
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-08-01

Francis l.. Iirc. chairman Of the New
York ClearinG House Association and
president OF the First National Bank.
ssued the following statement shortly af-
ter the close OF the exchange
There was "A meeting Of tho Clear
Ing House committee this morning In
view N the closing of the New York
Stock Exchange and its bearing upon
the general situation.
II was the opinion Of the committee
that the business and financial con-
dition Of New York and the entire
country was sound. but that the "tua-
ton in Europe justified extreme
prudence and self-Control on the part
OF the United States that the closing
OF the Stock Exchange was wise pre-
caution by reason Of the disposition
Of all Of Europe to make II the mar
ket for whatever II wished TO sell
that H. this country there was no
occasion for any serious interruption
Of the regular course of business
either financial or mercantile.
The board OF governors we're not
unanimous In their decision TO close tho
exchange Several up 20 the last moment
stood out for keeping the exchange open
n was not the selling from Europe that
was feared by those who advocated clos
ing as much ~ the selling by banks and
trust companies which hold millions OF
collars I'm par value Of stoclJs here for for
e,gn clients Europeans have been leav
ing great part OF their holdings al
American securities here for years to es
cane the war and other taxes at home
ono large banking institution alone Il
Known TO hold over 5000, 100000 pa
value OF stocks FOR foreign investors.
Throughout tho week the banks actinl
as trustees for these foreign holders hav'
been receiving orders u sell lat the NAV
ket" and to sell at ANY price" when wa
was declared with the political situa
zion in Europe az tense AS il was yes
.terday II would have been counting tinan
olaI suicide To have risked throwing al
that stock on the market under thos
terms II the exchange had opened.
The closing OF the exchange brougl
tremendous crowds In the financial die
triot They collected IN front OF the cX
change I'm thousands until police reserve
arrived and kept hem in motion.
The suspension Of business anectC
many persons who needed money o
Thursday and sold stocks to raise n
NECESSARY funds. As there were no d.
liveries yesterday and consequently n
pavments. such persons must meet thej
needs in some other way.
II O. :. noble. president Of the S'oc
EXchHuse :. T.: STREET. Ernest Groe 7hecl
H. IS poTmoy and Donald O. Geddc
were apno ntcd committee 70 stralghte
out the tangie caused oy the clos'Ng a
the exchange such step Was mad
necessary by the action of the stock FIX
change clearing houses suspendlns all dc
liveries uf stock tying up more tina
| 1 500, 600 shares traded Thursday.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-08-01
Decision Auxiousiy Awaited.

At Ave minutes before 10 o'clock George
w Ely secretary OF the exchange, as
ccnded tho rostrum and struck the desk
before him with the gavcl The crowd
OF brokers centred on the floor. not know
ing what the announcement was 90 be
and fearing word OF failures. surgCd
across tho floor like a grea. wave For
q moment there was silence and then
Mr.. Ely began TO read the words that
told OF the governors decision to close
the exchange until Monday. lie said :.
The governing committee has decided
that the Stock Exchange shall be closed
until Monday. and that all deliveries be
suspended until further notice
At the last word there came a yell
from the brokers and a rush for tel"-
phones to despatch the good news to their
offices The strain was broken. Men
VINO a few moments before did not know
, whether they would be solvent or not at
the close Of the day broke up into litt.e
groups and chatted over the closing OF
the exchange and the war news. while the
crowds ia the gallery drifted away.
\ fe,' moments later there came from
| the Stock Exchange clearing house the
following statement: The chairman OF
| the committee on clearing house an
/ nouncos that all checks for differe noes
due tho clearing house have been GER
! ffel and mcinh rs are notified to call
| for drafts at the usual hour"
! Hardly had the ticker ceased sending
out this announcement when II bcenr
| 10 tell of tho four failures OF the day
! OF these four, two, : " r Pcll n Co
and Flower & Co. were Stock Exchange
| firms The others. Homer, Howe & co.
| and Frcderickson Il Co were Cotton EN'
! change firms
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-08-01
sp,c,oi cabi. D,.paicA TO rnk SUI.

ROME. July 81. - The
Pope has not yet interviewed
directly in the war. AT the
earliest opportunity. how
ever. he will offer his SER
vices as a mediator between
the nations involved.
The legates and nuncios
at various places have been
instructed to Join their eff
forts with those of other
diplomats in an effort to
avert a general war.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-08-01
GERMANY in STATE OF WAR; BRITISH FLEET OFF FOR NORTH Sea-
RUSSIA CALLS OUT RESERVE NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE CLOSE

governors Of the Stock Exchange was
called at that institution. For the next
fifteen minutes the telephone wires be-
tween the Morgan offices and the ex-
change were kept hot and messengers
darted back and forth between the two
buildings
At IA the meeting at the Morgan Of
fees broke up }. T.. Morgan wnen pressed
for statement said that the first word
mus come from the Stock Exchange.
In the meantime the greatest crowd Of
years had gathered ON the floor OF the
exchange. Brokers who have not been IN
the financial district for years appeared.
The situation on the floor was tense. The
usually calm faces OF the brokers showed
lines OF care and "a growing undercurrent
Of uneasincss began to be fcl, az men
circulated from one group to another and
found that only selling orders were to
be had.
The galleries were crowded with Nisl-
tors Men and women from al over the
city and from New Jersey had hurried
to the secretary's offices carly in the
morning and secured passes To- witness
one OF the most dramatic scenes IN the
history Of financial New York.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-08-01
As Editor of "L'Humanitc"
He Denounced Extended
Military Service.
ASSAILANT is ARRESTED
Says Deed Was Justified by
Dcputy's Attack on Army
Measure.


Fans. July 3I.-Tean Jaurcs. leader
90 ono Of rho wings Of tho Socialist
partl In the Chamber of Deputies and
editor of L'HumdH'tc. was assasSnatci
tonight as he snt down 10 dine in the
Croissant, famous restaurant near
the Bourse.
The man who shot him il Raoul
Villain. 90 years old. student ut the
Archaeological School. He is the son
of clerk In the civil court az Rcims
His mother has hecn lunatlc for
twenty years and he himself is known ,
as crank. He il u member of the
rarti Sillonist. which Is hostile to the ,
Camelots du Rot
! His only explana ton for his act was
that in opposing the three years mill !
/ tnry service measure introduced by !
Premier Niyiani the Socialist leader /.
! had Shown himself an enemy OF his
country and that il was necessary that
some one put him out OF the way. lie
did not resist arrest and went quietly
TO the police station.
NJ. JaurcS. accompanied by several
members OF the stan Of LHn,adnite.
went 70 the Croissant shortly after q
/ o'clock. He was seated near an open
window ana was chatting with his com
paniOns on general topics when Villain.
who was we'll dressed. thrust himself
through the open window and fred two
shots. Both bullets entered the head of
NJ. Jaures and he died within a few
minutes.
Premier Nivlani issned tonight on
behalf of the Ministry the following
statement
"A most abominable crime has been
committed. NJ. Jnures was statesman
and orator who gave distinction 10 the
French Chamber of Deputies. He has
been assassinated in n most cowardly
manner and personally and on behalf ~
my colleagues I how before the tomb
so suddenly opened for this Socialist.
Republican who struggled for such
noble causes and who in trying times
periodically sustained the authority OF
the Government in the interest of
peace"
a. -.
Wv !" ''"'' '"''
u'"I'"'''eS ma! ""' "e 'h'i'"seu' iit
sah the III" snoulu ne aiIoWeh 10 tahe
lis course IN the punishment or the
assassin.
he Temps commenting tonight on
the fact that poliical differences have
dia1 out in tho roce ~ tbe ir,napdin,
- 80
hur"lf"" 'f'S'S' pu"tes from 'he Hrll-
Giles written for LHUnidHuo by NJ.
Jauros in which he attacl,ed Carm.uv
, ...., =. .. -, 800
, lot attempting !" 'or'' r'ai'e 10 orlug
, her Influence 10 henr upon Russia to the
orI th,t russia may ha kent from, IN
+, -, "
terlerlhg VII" huslrh campaign
against Scrvia. VI. Jnurcs approved of
4 rho prerautions tolxen nv tho Govern.
I
10 iheh' III We" VI 'ne 'orh""o'e oU''
: look.
70 lean Leon JuAres had been the most
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-08-01
l.. s. MAY AID PEACE.
ChicI Obstacle IL Necessity of Act-
Ing I'm -diRtrIy.
SnIcldi Cabh Nespatch 70 Tnr Sr\

PARIS. July 3l,-The suggestion nm
douhtolly has been made 10 the United
States. as the greatest Power not d.
rerlly interested In the present Euro
pcan situation, that the American r"
public should ask the Powers Of Europe
II there Is any possibility of their nSins
its services In an effort to maintain
pence The suggestion probably has
been made only scmi.otficialiy.
The chief obstacle to . peect5'h 90
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-08-01

Continued on Fam Po0s
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-01-25
VERMONT ACADEMY.

SAxToN's RIVER. Vt. Jan. 2i.-The Rev.
Robert Il. pattison. 81, of Waltham,
Mass. comes Monday night 10 deliver his
illustrated lecture. Palestine before the
student body. Dr. Lawson. principal of
the school, spoke IN Brattleboro recently.
His subject was "Chris,ian Education"
The hockey team and several rooters
Journcyed TO Hanover last saturday,
where they met the Dartmouth freshmen.
The score. & to in favor of the wearers
of the green. scarcely indicates how nearly
equal In ability the two teams proved
to be, Fourteen men were used 10y
the winning team. while v 4. had only
eight men In her entire squad Jude
ing from tho results of the first two
games Coach Keith IL confident that the
team Is bound to give a good account of
itself all season.
The recital of "'rhe Man From Home"
by Edward H. Frye OF Boston was en-
Enthusiastically received by the student
body and many townspeople last Satur-
day evening.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-01-25
BROWN UNIVERSITY.

President Faunce OF Brown University.
Providence. r. l.. sent the following ad.
dition to his reply. received too late for
insertion In last Sundays school page.
concerning the query as to whether 800
a year should be enough to take boy
through college THE SUNS inquiry did
not say what kind OF college or In
clude the possibility of earning oppor-
tunities. 1t makes n vast difference where
the college is. up country or in the city.
If the former $500 should be ample, be-
cause living Is cheap. At the same
time there are no opportunities
for outside employment as In a large
college city | see daily boys who I
know are going through Oh half Of seven
hundred. ! can pick them out by their
pinched. haggard, harassed looks. Again
! see boys who spend twice and thrice
seven hundred. living luxuriously while
Indifferent a. to their studies II IL were
not that the former had opportunities
for earning out OF college hours. II some
did not get college aid or win prizes
they would find II difficult to get through.
How to strike "a balance between the two
classes Is n difficult proposition. How
ever. II is the boy with seven hundred
or less who gets the best there IL out Of
the collegiate course"
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-01-25

HERE has Just closed at the beete
School, II East Sixtieth street an
= Interesting exhibition OF art work
of the school. The exhibits were arranged
to show in the instruction consistent
desire to develop Imagination and the
expression of ideas This was increas-
ingly evident In the progress from the
drawings by the youngest children OF a
flower depicted In n decorative manner
or n Halloween witch flying on broom
stick among deep blue clouds. through
realistic cast drawing to the expression
In clay of modern ladies and familiar
operate characters. That the interest
deveIoped does not stop with the end
OF school life was shown by the work or
graduate students who have continued
their study here and abroad.
Miss Sybilla Mttell was represented
by two large canvases In oil. when
have received most favorable comment
Baer showed some charming little bronze
figures one of "a dancer full OF grace
and movement. Mrs. Olive Davis
Fleischer showed a portrait In charcoal
simple. suggestive and most tHectiNe
Mrs. Ella Stein Chase. child's head.
displaying "A thorough Understanding OF
child nature; Mrs. Jesse Hirschman ana
Miss Margaret Oppenheimer, monotypes
full OF character. Miss Herminie klei-
merit, a portrait and n landscape. Miss
Madeline Stenhardt was represented by
some clever advertisement and fashion
designs. which have been used CONNER
cially; Miss Therese Stelnhardt by several
dainty place cards Miss Helen Sachs
and Miss Florence Bass by choice de-
signs for Interiors with illustrative mate
rails. Miss Stell4 Jacobs by two very clever
little copies OF Meissonier Miss Miriam
Newberger, Mrs. vida Lindo Gultermah
and Miss Dorothy Obermeyer by some
L.. IA. Tao I.tt ~
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-01-25
CASCAD1LLA SCHOOL.

Ir,,.c. ~ " I.r o. ~. ,,,. ,,,..,.
10 ha,dina r.,.a,S.,. 80 ~ iee Nluo
axcan,i,,. ,ha 80, -, ISL, wees
r.c,io,, - t,.,', VIC vi,
MAN. son,a ,in,a hntnu. ~. ,,..
,i'n Go IL e - Wv. s .,as'e. vaca
,,d ,hotr f.,o,., ,'' 'o ''""e"''
Th. To-, ME, d., <.,. -
hosts a, Ton ana ,a,,o a., my WeIo
iIy ron,, 80. o,,arr,,' ,',, ',e assem-
Of ,h. nh,an,,onan,a go, 20 uSn Nuns
d,nc.s so co,n,,,nn nor,,aa,.a 80 o ...'.u |"
nancsd h, H.. oha $780, ~ ~ .o.a,o
mon, co,,r,i,,oo ~, ,ha ,n,,,,'' -.
nnon ,yas ~, a,,,a,,,h, - ~, w ~
ox.nira,,ors 49, b,Ia s,,-,,, u. .eh.n',
i'm Iy,i, uau nonami,,, 49, ~ ..,N
M tho .x,,rina,,on. ,a,,'so, 80 ~. ..'Ia
,,,lI .u,.r r,rns,, n. ~ h.,..I.i.- 20 a.. y
..,,n,I s,.,,,.,.,,s -, r, vi ,r ,,'e
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-01-25
VIRGINIA POLY.

BLAcKsBuRG, Va, Jan. 2t,--R. l., Hunt
has been elected associate professor or
animal husbandry at the Virginia Poly
technic Institute. succeeding l.. J.. Sum
mers, resigned to go into private business.
Prof. Hunt IL "A graduate OF the Kansas
Agricultural College and has been extern
slvely engaged IN stock Judging through
out the West. He taught In the winter
courses at the Pennsylvania State College
for two years and comes here from the
University OF West Virginia. where he
gave half his time to teaching and hair
to agricultural extension work.
A distinguished visitor of the week Mt
the college was DIR. s. c. Mitchell, presi-
dent OF the Medical College of Virginia
and an eminent Baptist clergyman DR..
Mitchell made two powerful addresses to
the students and faculty during the time
he was here.
Monday, January 10. Lees birthday,
was observed ut the college ny n suspen-
sion OF all college duties. In the evening
a remnant OF the organization that made
Polk Miller famous throughout the South
gave an entertainment In the German
Hall before a largo audience.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-01-25
STAMFORD PREPARATORY SCHOOL

STAMFORD. Conn, Jan. 2%.--The dra-
matte club of Stamford Preparatory School
is working hard preparing the three play
let's which are To be given In April. The
school has some very good talent and q
first rate performance " expected.
number ~ students visited Or. Big4
lows Mature Home" a day or ~ ago.
The doctor gave some interesting points on
nature. The fellows were accompanied by
"A master and had very enjoyable time.
Mr.. Brcdemus. physical director. has io-
sued an announcement Of the first annual
indoor athletic games These games ara
to be held In the state Armory on Satun
day evening. February %, 1914.
The basketball team has won the hrst
two games Of the season, defeating the
Seventh Company seconds by score OF
~ to . and trimming the bridgeport High
School team by an IS to 10 count. Great
things are expected Of the team this year.
Manager Bob Worns.r is arranging n very
good schedule in baseball for 1914
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-01-25
Latest News of the Life
Within Academic Walls

recalls an interesting fact which had
escaped their notice. lie organized and
was captain OF the first football team AT
st Pauls. The authorities. to whom the
game was new, had some goal posts set
up for the occasion which were two feet
in diameter at the base. In the FIRST
game. which was played with Berkeley
school, they proved serious menace 10
the lives OF the players
The sixth form defeated a team repre-
senting the rest of the school In a fast
game OF hockey on Monday score 8 to Q.
g. L. Hubbell, Jr.. s. r., II. and W1liia:cs.
10, has made the Williams relay team.
The Rev. w. J. Gardner the school
chaplain. preached at st. Matthews In
brooklyn Manor on January is, His sub
1ect was Christian Education" Last
Monday evening the Rev. Mr. Gardner, Mr..
benjamin and Mr.. Mckinney took n mum.
Der or the boys to New York to see
Forbes Robertson In Hamlet" Mr.
Marsh and the Rev. Mr.. Gardner attended
the Archdeaconry meeting at the cathedral
on wednesday. Several Of the delegates
took the opportunity to visit the school