davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Omaha daily bee., 1914-11-22

Each covered nearly 1,400 square feet.
In one, twenty mailard ducks were per-
mitted to feed. while the other was en-
tirely protected from water fowl, but
we'll stocked with gold fish.
The pool in which the ducks fed was
for several months entirely free from
mosquitoes, while the pond protected
from ducks and stocked with fish was
swarming with young insects In different
cycles OF life.
"In the infested pond-the one that had
been stocked with gold ish-ten well-fed
mallard ducks were then admitted, and
as they entered the pond they were first
attracted by the tadpoles. They, how
ever, soon recognized the presence of the
young of the mosquito, both in the wrig-
gler and larvae stage, and Immediately
turned their attention to these, raven
ously deVouring them in preference to
any other foodstuff present At the end
Of twenty-four hours no pupae survived.
The motion of the water, made by the
ducks, OF course drowned some of the
insects-what proportion cannot be es-
timated.
For some years / have been using
ducks to keep down mosquitoes in
swamps that would have been very ex-
pensive to drain. but l never fully ap-
preciated the high degree Of efficiency OF
the duck as a destroyer Of mosquito life
until the foregoing test was made.
Mr.. William Lockwood, of Boston. an
artist who made a hobby OF raising
aquatic fowl, also expresses an opinion
that the spoon-billed duck is particularly
adapted TO the destruction of mosquito
larvae resting on the surface.
Ducks can be used in ponds, swamps.
both open and in jungles. and can be
driven from place to place Not only
can they be generally used TO keep down
mosquito life. but they also furnish a
delicious and valuable foodstuff."
Omaha daily bee., 1914-11-22
Princess Cantacuzene, Grand
daughter of General u. S. Grant,
Whose Husband, a Colonel of
Russian Cavalry and Aide-de-
Camp to the Gar, Was Seriously
Wounded

TT is common remark that the horrors
of war press hardest of all upon the
= laboring classes.
Is this true? In view of the news that
has come from the battlefelds Of Europe, it
may be doubted. Actually, of course, more
common soldiers must be killed than Off.
GERS, but it appears that in proportion to
their numbers. the titled and upper classes,
who supply the officers, lose more
1t is astonishing how many Queens,
princesses, duchesses and other women of
the nobility have beeen thrown into mourn
ing by the death of husbands, children,
brothers and near relatives, while many
more of them are nursing wounded men of
their families.
Conspicuous among the women affected
are the many American heiresses who have
married into the European aristocracy.
So great has been the loss among the
British nobility that some of the leading
women OF the aristocracy, including the
Duchess of Devonshire and the March
1oness OF Lansdowne, issued an appeal to
English women not to wear regular mourn
ing, on account of the depression il would
cause, but Just to wear a white ribbon.
Queen Victoria OF Spain has lost her
favorite younger brother, Prince Maurice
OF Battenberg, a captain in the British
army, who was killed while leading his
Omaha daily bee., 1914-11-22
Dancer, Whose Husband, Sir
Edward Stewart Richardson,
Is Wounded.

company. The poor Queen received the
sad news within six days of the birth of
her last son.
Probably there is not one family in the
British peerage that has not lost some
relation The Duke of Wellington, who is
a grandson OF the victor Of Waterloo, has
lost his second son, Lord Richard Welles-
ley, captain in the Grenadier Guards.
The Duke of Devonshire, one of the most
influential noblemen in England, has re-
ceived news of the death of his brother
Lord John Cavendish major in the First
Life Guards Captain John Jacob Astor, OF
the same regiment, son of the former
New Yorker, William Waldorf Aston, has
returned to London wounded.
The Duke of Roxburghe, a captain in the
Scots Guards, has returned to London,
seriously wounded. The Duke married
Miss May Goelet, daughter OF the enor.
mously rich New York real estate owner,
Ogden Goelet. The Duchess has been
noted as the most magnifcently dressed
woman in England.
The Duke had two other brothers In the
war. One of them, Lord Robert Innes-Ker,
has beeen wounded. The other is Lord
Alastair Innes-Ker, who married Miss Anne
Breese, strikingly handsome New York
girl
Viscount Acheson, of the Coldstream
Guards, son and heir of the Earl Of Cos
ford, has Jeen wounded. His wife was
Omaha daily bee., 1914-11-22
Keeping Down Fever by Keeping Ducks

A A ALARIA and yellow fever are
MI both spread by mosquitoes. The
only problem before humanity
in getting rid of the two fevers is to get
rid OF the insects that carry the fever
germs. DR.. Samuel G. Dixon, State
Health Commissioner of Pennsylvania,
writing for the Journal of the American
Medical Association, advocates keeping
ducks to keep down the two diseases
IL used TO be thought, and IL is still a
common delusiOn, that malaria especial
ly was caught" by inhaling bad air. II
has been proven beyond doubt that the
only way the germ either of it or yellow
fever can be communicated is through
the bite Of the mosquito. When the
mosquito takes up the fever germs in
marshes and low-lying places, the germ
itself has no effect upon the insect, but
when 1t inserts its cutting and sucking
apparatus into man, the bacilli make
their way into the human blood in prac-
tically the same way as though injected
by a hypodermic needle.
DR.. Dixon points out that the duck has
THE widest geographical range of any
bird II Is an omnivorous eater of the
mosquitoes young. Besides it's appetite
its movement through the water creates
water motions which drown the mosquito
young which. just before they hatch into
the full fiedged pests, turn from wrig-
glers into pupae, which are air breathers.
These pupae float upon the surface OF
the water during the brief period OF
metamorphosis into the winged insect
They need to breathe. Amy medium
which submerges them, browns them.
Describing his experiments on ducks
as mosquito destroyers, DR.. Dixon SAYS:
After trying the ability Of fish to de-
YOUR larvae and pupae of mosquitoes,
with varied success, / built two dams
near together on the same stream, so
that each would have the same environ
ment for the breeding OF mosquitoes
Omaha daily bee., 1914-11-22

front seriously wounded. He married Miss
Julia Dent Grant, a granddaughter of our
American General Grant
The French aristocracy have lost even
more than the English, because so many
more OF their countrymen are concerned
but we cannot say that their court has
been plunged into mourning, for they have
none. Many OF the French noblemen killed
were well known at the other courts, and
related to the foreign nobility.
The young Comte de Breteuil, who was
chosen as companion OF the Prince OF
Wales during his stay in Paris, was one of
the earliest victims of the war.
Practically every French nobleman who
could carry gun has gone into the army,
without troubling whether he could become
an officer or was legally required to 20.
The Due de la Rochefoucauld, who is
nfty-three years old, and head of one of the
most historic families in France, is sery-
ing as common soldier. He married an
American wife.
The Due de Talleyrand, Anna
Gould's second husband, has been
working as an ordinary chauffeur.
running between Paris and the
front with dispatches. That was
the only military employment he
could obtain. He Is well advanced II
in middle life. He was known in III
his youth as "scorcher."
II Is perhaps q cheering thought
that as a result OF the many deaths
In the European aristocracy, there
will within a few years be an I'M
usually large crop of young noble
men looking for American brides
Many of the titles of those killed
will pass to boys too young at
present to take part in the war
Omaha daily bee., 1914-11-22

Queen
Victoria of
Spain,
Whose
Favorite
Brother,
Prince
Maurice of
Battenberg,
Has Been
Killed with
the British
> Army
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1914-05-21
ROXFORD

Roxford mercerized lisle,
white shirts and drawers.
beautifully tri m m ID in
sateen and finely finished at
ST. 90 the garment.
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1914-05-21
Beautiful, Soft, Fluffy
Hair an Aid to Beauty

Who does not love a head of nrettv
hair? Some women think it is a gift
OF nature and envy their more fortu-
nate sisters. If your hair is not fluffy.
soft and lustrous; is falling out
streaked. faded, brittle, or full of dan,
druf. and If the scalp itches. do not
think it must always be that way. for
pretty hair is only a matter of care
and proper nourishment Of the hair
roots. Hair is something like a plant
If neglected it soon withers and dies.
while with a little attention it keeps
fresh and beautiful.
Partisan Sage is a scientific prepa-
ration that supplies just the elements
needed to invigorate the hair roots
and stimulate the hair to grow long.
thick, fluffy. soft and lustrous. II re-
moves dandruff with one application
and quickly stops itching head and
falling hair. 1t is the ideal hair tonic
and scalp treatment for men. women
and chtldren-contains nothing injuri-
Gus and is delicately perfumed.
II. C. Kennedy or any drug or toilet
counter can supply You with Partisan
Sage-it is inexpensive. You cannot
be disappointed with this delightful
and helpful hair tonic, for the first
few DAYS use will give the hair the
beauty and charm of youth.-Adver-
tisement.
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1914-05-21
BLAMES CITY PEOPLE FOR
HIGH PRINCE OF EGGS

A contributor to the current issue of
Farm and F'ireside writes in part as
follows:
THE city people are themselves to
blame for the hight price of eggs. The
New York Times Annalist shows that
clearly. They have grown fond of
eggs and eat more of them than for
merly. The population of seven great
cities of the United States has in
creased 30.9 per cent. in ten years,
hut their consumption of eggs has in
creased 73 per cent. 1t is stated that
the city person who ate four eggs a
dozen years ago now eats five. So eggs
have risen in price faster than any
thing else.
"If the cities are eating nearly twice
as many eggs as formerly, and we are
producing only a fifth more, clearly
the country people are going without
eggs so as to sell them to the cities.
What more can we do? 1t may well
be said that we might keep more hens.
Well, that isn't bad idea, and we
commend it to all farmers who can
see their way to increasing their
flocks. And IL the flocks now kept
were all cared for as they should be,
and placed under the command of
cockerels hatched from the eggs of
hens with records as first class layers,
conditions would improve"
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1914-05-21
PRESBYTER|AVS To
ELECT MODERATOR
l26 General Assembly Opened by
the Rev. John Timothy
Stone in Chicago

Chicago. Ill. May 21. - The Rev.
John Timothy Stone, of Chicago, mod
orator, opened the one hundred and
twenty-siXth general assembly of the
Presbyterian Church in the United
States here to-day with a gavel made
from the pulpit of George Whitfield,
one of the founders of MethodisIn, who
died in Newburyport, Mass, in 1868.
The gaVel is small and light and its
mallet-shaped head is bound by gold
bands. 1t was presented to DIR. Stone
last year at Atlanta, when he was
elected moderator.
Election of this years moderator
was the most important business for
to-day. SiXty-fve Presbyterian insti-
tutions were represented In pre-
assembly conference yesterday of pres
idents of Presbyterian colleges, at
which the choice of a moderator was
a leading topic.
The general assembly is composed
of 920 members, half ministers and
half elders. Representation is upon
the basis of the number of ministers.
This gives a strong representation to
the home mission fields, States like
Washington having several times more
representatives than the city of PhiIa-
delphia, though with fewer church
members. The interests of the home
missions therefore were expected to
figure prominently in the choice of Il
moderator and in the acts of the as
sembly.
The program for to-day was short.
The assembly was opened with prayer
and after a report of the committee
on arrangements recess was to be fol-
lowed by the election of a moderator.
There. will be general reception to-
night.
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1914-05-21
NEWPORT MEN.PLAN
FOR TRACK EVENTS
Saturday Will Be Flag Raising
Day; Officials Are
Named

Newport, Pa. May 21-Plans for
field and hag-raising day in this old
town. Saturday, May 20, were COM
pleted last night. 1t promises to be
some hig time. Excursions will be
run to Newport from surrounding
towns.
To prove their liberality the Mems
Association, under whose auspices the
big event is being held. will have all
kinds of sports, and entries will not
close until twenty minutes before the
track events start. The contests are
for three Classes-under IL years, be-
tween IL and 15 years. and all over
% years.
The officials will be:
Field judge, ]. 3. Baker: high jump,
judges, 3. +. Demaree and Harry Nor
row; broad jump judges, Earl Buffing-
ton and the Rev. NJ. II. Stahl.
l0O-yard dash and running bases:
Starter. w. 7. Hanly: assistant starter,
the Rev. w. c. Ney; judge. Maurice
Wolf, and timer. ]. I. Kerr. Shot-put,
judges, the Rev. William Dorwart and
i. P. Whitmer; throwing baseball,
judges, Harry Williams, Park Knisley
and the Rev. r. VI. Ramsey.
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1914-05-21
4MIDDLETOWN.
COMMENCEMENT MAY IS

Plans for the annual commencement
exercises of the Middletown High
School are nearly completed. This years
exercises will be held in the Realty
Theater, Thursday evening. May IS, at
o'clock. The program follows
March. Miss Elizabeth Seltzer '15 in
vocation. the Rev. T. c. McCarrell; salu-
tary. John E. Kohr; chorus, "Tis Morn"
scene between Cicero and Catiline, John
C. Peck and Enrol F. Shope; piano duet
grand opera, Clarence II. Fishel and
Marian q. Martin: reading, Legend of
BregenZ," Miss Rachel Nj. Poist: ora
ton. The Panama Canal" Robert
Engle; octet, The Storm Fiend," Misses
Matz. Wickey. Hershey. Martin and
Messrs. shope, Ruby, Engel and snave-
ly; HAITI oratorical prize defamation
"Spanticus to the Gladiators," Harry H.
Longenecker; presentation of picture to
the school, John E. Kohr. president of
class of 1914; acceptance, H B. Carver;
class prophecy. Miss Marian B. HAITI
piano solo, Mildred X. Etter; valedic-
tory Grafton, Miss .Susannam Wickey;
presentation of diplomas. NJ. II. Cling
rich, president of School Board; ad-
dress to graduates, DR.. Eugene A.
Noble. president of Dickinson College;
class song; benediction
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1914-05-21
l.. w. COOK

profitable. Thirty pigs were diveded
into three lots, the heaviest eaters in
one lot, and the others graded accord
ing to their capacity for consuming
feed.
"A hundred hogs like the heaviest
eaters, at the rate of gain made and
present prices, would make a profit of
S297.65, or almost exactly So head.
A hundred like the poorest feeders
would have made a profit of S115.65 or
only a little more than a dollar a
head. They were evenly graded as to
size and SEX If there is this great
difference between the heavy eating
hogs and the light eaters-and most
hog-growers will agree with the gen.
eral proposition-it would seem that
breeders might well devote themselves
TO breeding appetite in hogs, instead
of color of fancy points. If the ap-
petite makes the profits, breed appe-
tite"
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1914-05-21
STEELTON
TRACK TEAM WORKS
FOR READING MEET
S. H. S. Boys Expect to Make a
Better Showing Than at
Harrisburg Meet.

Determined to make a better show
ing than at the recent meet in Harris
burg, the Steelton high track team is
practicing daily for the inter-high
school meet at Reading on Memorial
Day.
The boys are not discouraged over
the results of the Harrisburg meet.
Several of the best local men were
forced to run against teammates in
trial heats and krout, the fast little
sprinter was placed in trial heat
with faster man, disqualifying him
for the finals, where he would have
been sure of at least second place.
The entries of the local team for
the Reading meet follow: 10Oyard
dash. Krout, Chambers, Starsinic and
Good: 220-yard dash, Krout, Starsinic,
Chambers and Hooker: SS0-yard dash.
Sellers, Chambers, Kohlhaas, and
Shipp: mile, Jeffries, Shipp, Haines;
low hurdles, Shipp. Dayhoff and
boyles; high hurdles, Shipp, Dayhoff
and Boyles; relay, Good, Sellers,
Chambers, Shipp, Shelley, Hooker anu
Starsnic. Shot put. Crump, Werlich
and Gardner: broad jump, Shelley,
Krout, Chambers and Gardner; high
jump. Newbaker. Alden and Crump;
pole vault, Gardner, Shelley and Day
hoff.
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1914-05-21
&RfeyttkRteoA@EQeA@SR

nell, Spring. Copeland.
conductor up: Houdeshel.
Flagman up: Harvey. -
Brakemen = up:e Watts. Kope. Dow
hover. ShultZberger. Hubbard, Knupp.
Stehman. Mcintyre. GFiffie. Collins Cox,
Busser. Cause, Wiland. McGinnis
Middle Diyision-217 crew first to go
after so p. m: 249. PSI, 240, 16, %, 90.
is. IS, 2l.
Firemen for Is. IS.
Flagman for %.
Brakemen for 20, %. q (two).
Engineers up: Clouser. Havens. Web
ster. Welcomer, Free, Hertzler. Bennett,
Garman. kugler, Smith. Simonton.
teiger. Arnold. Drewett. Karstetter.
Stephens, Fritz. Seagrist. Bornman,
Wright, Sheesley, Schreffler, Reeder,
Conductors up: Huber, Patrick, Kirk.
Basgkins. Bogner.
Flagmen up: Frank
Rrakemen up: Marlin, Fritz, Kerwin.
Roller. Kane. Fleck. Kipp. Bolan. Plack,
Baker, Bowie, Lauver. Heck, Putt,
Martz. Pin. Wenerick, Stahl, Schoffstali,
Troy, Kaufman.
Yard Crews-To go after p. M:
Engineers for 1859. 707, HI. 1920,
Elremen for 7o7, 1855, 175s. "A. 90.
Engineers up: Biever. Blosser.
Thomas, Houser, Meals, Stahl, Swab,
Silks, Crist, Harvey, Saltzman, Kuhn
Harter
Firemen up: Lackey. Cookerley. Bar
tolett, Getty. Hart, Barkey. Sheets,
Batr, Eyde, Keever. Haller. Ford, Kler-
her, crawford, Crow. Revie.
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1914-05-21
PLAN MEMORIAL SERVICES

Members of Sergeant James Lascomb
Post, Grand Army of the Republic, will
meet in their North Front street hall
tomorrow evening to formulate plans
for the annual Memorial Day exercises,
MAY so. Frank b. Wickersham, AS
sitant District Attorney, has been Sc
lected to make the memorial address in
the Baldwin Cemetery. An invitation
has also been extended to the Patriotic
Order Sons of America, Sons of Veter-
ans and Spanish War Veterans to take
part in the exercises. The post and all
auxiliary bodies VIII attend services
in Centenary United Brethren Church.
Sunday morning. at 1880. The Rev. A.
X. Wier will preach special sermon.
The members will meet at the Grand
Army of the Republic hall at 1915.
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1914-05-21
Grammar Students
Ready For Exercises

Students of the grammar schools of
the borough We're busy this morning
decorating the high school auditorium
in preparation for the annual trans
fer exercises to be held this evening.
The big hall is now dressed in pro-
fusion of school and college pennants
and n hugh bank of ferns and potted
plants covers the front of the stage.
Admission to the exercises this
evening will be by ticket only on ac-
count of the large number of relatives
and friends who will attend. The
doors will open at 7.15 and the exer-
cises will begin at S O'clock.
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1914-05-21
AN AMBIGUOUS ANSWER

Mr. and Mrs. Murphy were fire.
quently in court Sometimes Murphy
complained of his wife, at other times
Mrs. Murphy had her husband arrest
ed for abuse, and on still other occa-
sions neighbors had them both in
court for disturbing the peace with
their brawls. The judge was becom-
ing rather tired of having them before
him.
This is the sixth time one or the
other of you has been up before me for
fghting," he declared, out of pa
tience; now, tell me truthfully, can
not you two live happily without
fghting?"
mo, yer Honor" replied Mrs. MUIR
ply: mot happily" - Warren Mason
in February Lippincotts.
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1914-05-21
WHOSE FAULT?

A wife there was who opposed her
husband taking life insurance
He thought of her and also of their
boy
The man died-it was not expected
but he died
Now the widow must toll, and the
boy-that's the question
Whose fault?
The policies that ESSICK sells pre-
vent such reverses.
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1914-05-21
HEARD ON THE "HILIi

Walter Sohn, of this city, was ap-
pointed a notary to-day.
The Perry Telephone and Telegraph
Company to-day filed notice of in
crease OF stock from $4,000 to
1000.
Commissioner Jackson is at Wilkes
Barre to-day.
Five cases of typhoid due to chill
dren drinking from Brandywine creek
have been reported to Commissioner
Dixon.
State attaches will set their checks
on May 25 as usual.
The State Armory Board is holding
its monthly meeting to-day. The Leb-
anon armory may come up.
c. NJ. Johnson, general counsel of
the Pittsburgh Coal Company, was on
the Hill" to-day.
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1914-05-21
Standing of the Crews
HARRISBURG SIDE
PHILADELPHIA Diyisiou-l26 crew fir

90 go after l p. m: 11S, 123, 122, l0l,
Ill, l1s, l24 116. 1O2, l2s, lO6. l12, 104
Engineers for 1l2, 1913. 12S.
Firemen for 101, LOG. lie, 1le.
Conductors for 102. liz, 126.
Flagmen for LOG. 116. 124, 126
Brakemen for Ill, 113, 1l9 126, I2S
Engineers up: Kelley. Sober, Happier
kett Smith. Brubaker, Spease. Hindman,
Hogentogler, Statler, GeSsey, MCGUIRE,
Wolfe, Buck. Sellers. Kautz. Newcomer,
Davies, Martin, Smeltzer. Albright, Hem
necke, keane. Crisswell. Grass
Firemen up; McCurdy, kilian, Hus-
ton, Martin, Shenk. Bemer Reno Deck.
Kochenouer, Wagner. Myers, Cover,
iShoads, Warfel, Slime. Laverty, PEN
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1914-05-21
SYNOD IN SESSION
By Associated Pyesy

Cincinnati. Ohio. May 21.-Addi-
tional delegates arrixed during the
night and almost every State in the
Union was represented when the an
nual meeting of the synod of the Re-
formed Presbyterian Churches of
America was called to order here to-
day. The meeting began last night
with sermon by the moderator, the
Rev. w. II. Galley, of Philadelphia.
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1914-05-21
ALL COKE RECORDS BROKEN
Bu Afsocinttd Press

Washington, D. c., May 81. = An
records of production of coke in the
United States were broken in 1918
when the total output was 46,311,369
short tons, valued at s12S,951,430, ac-
cording to the geographical survey
o-day. Last years production was
greater by 2,S27.000 short tons than
that of 1912 which was the previous
high record year.
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1914-05-21
PREsBYTERIANs MEET

Kansas City, Mo-, May 21. - That
delegations of 6iscontented people
will keep on coming to the churches TO
disturb worship, until after a while
they will be arrested by the message
they hear instead of by the police"
was the declaration of the Rev. ]. s.
Lyons, of Louisville. KY. in the mod
orators sermon before the Presbyte-
ian General Assembly here to-day.
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1914-05-21
"THE QUALITY STORE"
Amazing Values
For Friday Only

EXTRA SPECIAI-Ladies' and
misses suits in black and white
checks In reseda green, tango. ma
hogany and all the newest shades.
Jackets are both plain and fancy;
skirts are I'm the new rutlie and
draped effect. Prices were from
$3.50 to $3.50: special for Fri
day at 1928 to S1S.75-JUST HALF
PRICE,
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1914-05-21
POPE RECEIVES BISHOPS
By Assoefatsd Prett

By A55oefaisd Press
Rome, May 21.-Blshop Joseph j.
Fox, of Green Bay, Wis; Bishop John
j. McCort, of Philadelphia, and Bishop
John Ward, of Leavenworth, Kas..
were received to-dy in private audi
ence by the Pope.