davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Madison journal. (Tallulah, Madison Parish, La.) 1888-current, 1914-04-04
FOREST FIRES IN UNITED STATES :.
| IN 1918 MANY, BUT WELL CONTROLLED
government Forces Fought 4520 Conagraons in That Year.
or Nearly Twice Many Started in 19l2-Tota Loss,
Due to Damage From Flames Estimated at $780,
600 for the Entire Period.

4 Washington,-During 1913 the forces
b the national forests fought 4,52O
res, or nearly twice as many as start
. In 1912, the best year the forests
ave ever had.
i Notwithstanding the great increase
\ the number of fires, Forester
raves considers that the showing
Jade by the forest service was quite
b favorable as that In the preceding
sear, because the damage done and
pc costs Of fire fighting were no
'reater proportionately than in 1912.
y both years practically so per cent
q all fires were detected and extin-
|nished before they burned over
barter Of an acre. and rs per cent OF
18th years fires were put out before
hey covered ten acres. OF last years
res. 3.27S. or considerably more than
he whole number OF fires in 1912,
|fere confined to areas Of less than
|fn acres, and In 1850 additional fires
!fss than one hundred dollars dam
|ge was done by each. In only 25
res did the damage amount to $1,000.
4 The aggregate loss in timber Is es-
3mated at nearly flfty-nine million
bard feet, valued at about eighty-two
thousand dollars, and the damage to
Ioung growth and forage Is estimated
3 about one hundr ID and ten thou
and dollars. making a total of about
ne hundred and ninety-two thousand
Iollars. About eighteen per cent OF
bis loss, however. was incurred on
}rivate lands within the forests
fhere 16 per cent of the fires had
heir origin.
II One encouraging feature Is that the
|ptal number of fires set by railroad
locomotives was scarcely more than
h the preceding year and represented
knly II per cent Of all fires. as
against nearly nineteen per cent In
BIZ; also the proportion set by saw
bills and other engines in the woods
PAS considerably less than in 1912.
This indicates very plainly. Mr.. Graves
'!ays, that the public Is awakening to
|he need of spark arresters and care
Nth engines in the woods.
4 Looking for the reason Of the In
}rease in number of fires. the forester
Ends three main causes:
n First OF all, the unprecedented cleo
<ric storms which swept the whole
tate Of California at the end Of
The Madison journal. (Tallulah, Madison Parish, La.) 1888-current, 1914-04-04

bng dry season and set, almost sim
hltaneously. about seven hundred
hres. The s04 fires set by lightning
In California formed nearly fifty per
cent Of the 1928 fires on the national
forests Of the state from all causes.
and were more than half of the one
Thousand Ave hundred and seventy
'one nghtning-set fires In all the 81
states reporting.
In the second place. there were 757
flres which started outside the for
|ests, OF which ga we're stopped by the
governments fire fighters before they
reached the forest boundaries. as
against 424 which started on outside
areas In 1912. However, the proper
ton of such fires to all those which
the service battled with was about
the same for 1912 and 1913. but this
lucrease was confined to three states.
Arkansas, California and Oregon, all
others showing q marked decrease.
OF the 452 incendiary fires. 1913 were
IN Arkansas. 1873 in California and 142
III OI0kOh, WhOAc WV WcIC
known to have set 70 on one forest
alone. These two and other incen-
diaries were. Of course, severely dealt
with by the law. On the Arkansas
forest, too, II has been assumed that
the 351 fires classed under the gen.
eral heading of origin unknown"
we're mainly incendiary. In Califor.
mia the incendiary fires are largely
attributed to what is known as the
'1ight-burning theory" which advances
the argument that forests should be
burned over frequently to prevent the
accumulation Of debris. The forest
service considers this a pernicious
theory because 1t scars the standing
timber and thus reduces its value; II
robs the forest soil Of its ability te
The Madison journal. (Tallulah, Madison Parish, La.) 1888-current, 1914-04-04
GOT NAME THROUGH BLUNDER
Tophet In West Virginia Probably
Most Amusing Instance Of Error
Of Officials.

The history of the origin Of post
office names affords many amusing
facts. Not a few of the names grow
out Of plumbers In writing and spell
ing. The postofflce department pre-
sumably hasn't the time to conduct
a special investigation in every neigh
borhood. so /. often jumps to conclu-
sions or draws upon its Imagination.
In the Princeton Press Of West Virgil
mia we find a curious instance Of a
name conferred upon a postoffice be-
cause of an error in one letter of pc
tition. There is district in that state
known as Hill Top. When the people
OF Hill Top decided to ask for post
office a petition was drawn up and for
warded to Washington city. The wri
ter was not careful to dot the 81 in
Hill. Instead, he made a sort Of loop
that was interpreted as an ''e." Call a
postoffice Hell Top?" That would
never do. 1t shocked the agents OF
Uncle Sam. But they thought they
The Madison journal. (Tallulah, Madison Parish, La.) 1888-current, 1914-04-04
FEEDING C0TT0N-SEED MEAL
Result Of Tests Made at Arkansas ex-
pertinent Station-Ansmais Are
Affected Differently.

The experiments were undertaken
mainly to test the effects of various
methods of treatment Of cottonseed
meal in removing or lessening the
toxic action of this feed, write X. K
Dinwiddle and A. X. Short, Arkansas
Station. Also to learn IL any sub
stance was removed from cotton-seed
meal by simple methods Of extraction
with aqueous and acid solvents, or by
cooking, which would produce in ami
mails symptoms comparable with those
produced by the untreated meal in
corresponding amounts.
1t was found, in one trial. that fer
mentation" or decomposition Of cot
ton-seed meal for 4S hours at tenn
perature of 20 to % degrees Cent?
grade did not lessen its toxic action
when fed to pigs.
Cotton-seed meal, from which 2 per
cent. more of fat had been removed
by extraction with gasoline. showed no
diminution of toxicity.
In two trials 1t was found that cold
aqueous extraction removed from cot
ton-seed meal no substance which
could be shown to be toxic for pigs.
The extract similarly obtained by
dilute hydrochloric acid proved non
toxic In one trial. In a second test a
temporary sickness occurred in one
animal the identity of which with cot
tonSeed poisoning was not established
The fluid strained from cotton-seed
meal, after prolonged steaming, caused
death with symptoms and post-mortem
changes Of eotton-seed poisoning in
one case. This fluid, however, was not
a clear solution of matters extracted
from The meal, but contained much
material in suspension. The meal it.
self, after such cooking and separation
of the fluid, also proved toxic.
In young cattle (fattening steers)
symptoms Of poisoning appeared after
q consumption of cotton-seed meal
(along with hulls) equal to from rs to
los per cent. of the body weight. The
anatomical lesion of cotton-seed pois
oning of cattle is an interstitial ker
atitis which may end in complete
blindness.
In hogs there is a degeneration OF
the muscular tissue OF the heart and
of the parenchyma Of the liver and
kidneys. with extreme passive conges
ton of all the viscera and fluid effusior
into the Serious cavities, especially the
pleura. Hogs which have recovered
and gained their thrift did not show
after slaughter, any microscopic
changes in these organs.
1t may be noted finally that the IL
effects resulting from the feeding Of
cotton-seed may be due to a prolonged
absorption of poisonous products gen
Grated in the digestive tract by decom
position or putrefactive changes pc
culiar to this feed. The problem. how
ever, has not yet been approached
from this point of view
The Madison journal. (Tallulah, Madison Parish, La.) 1888-current, 1914-04-04
ToRTyRES OF HORSE SHOWN
Photographic Films Are to Be EN-.
pioyed to Show Up Anglo
Flemish Evil.

Brussels.-Through the action Of
the British Society for the Prevention
of Cruelty to Animals long-standing
scandal is about to be disclosed to all
eyes. Photographic films have been
taken of the different phases of tor
ture inflicted upon old English horses
which are periodically imported to
Antwerp to be killed and sold for
meat. The British consuls have often
drawn attention to the terrible agony
inflicted on these animals.
Such complaints having proved
fruitless, the scenes Of torture have
Just been cinematographed for the edi-
f1cation of the British public, whose
loud protests will, it is hoped. pro-
woke diplomatic interference and
radical reform In the Anglo-F1emish
horse traffic.
The Madison journal. (Tallulah, Madison Parish, La.) 1888-current, 1914-04-04
BARS WOMEN IN FRENCH ARMY
Minister Of War Cuts Cantlnieres
From the Active Service, Declar.
ing Them Oetriment

Paris, France.-The picturesque can
tinieres, or women who take charge
of the French regimental canteens,
and who have played many heroic
parts in French military history. are
no longer to share the dangers OF act
i've service with the troops, according
to the minister of war. The women.
one of whom is commissioned to each
battalion of infantry, regiment Of cav
airy or battery of artillery, are In fu-
ture to be retained simply In times OF
peace.
Formerly the women. wearing the
uniform of their branch Of the service,
marched into battle with the troops.
serving often as nurses or carrying
soothing drinks to the wounded. They
we're the wives Of nOncommissioned
officers or musicians.
The minister of war has decided
that the women are tax on the food
supply Of the army and interfere with
the rapid movement Of troops march
ing to the front after mobilization. He
says, too, they are a source Of distrac.
ton to the soldiers.
Napoleon l paid a high tribute to
the cantinieres for their service dur
ing his many campaigns. Several OF
them were made chevalieres Of the
Legion of Honor by him. one of them,
Josephine Tiequart, for saving the life
of her colonel by killing a Cossacb
who had attacked him during retreat
| from Moscow.
The Madison journal. (Tallulah, Madison Parish, La.) 1888-current, 1914-04-04

proportion set by railroads and camp
ers indicates, according to forest Of
ficers. growing carefulness on the
part of the general public.
Last year, as in 1912, California led
all others In number Of fires. this
lead being natural because California
has such a long dry season. 1t was
followed by Arkansas, Arizona and
Oregon, in the order named. Kansas,
which had only one fire in 1912. es-
capped without any in 1918. North
Dakota repeated its record Of 1912
and had no fires on its one small for
est Not single severe fire occurred
during the year In District 4, which
includes Utah, Nevada and southern
Idaho. and in which a large proper
ton Of the forests reported no fires
at all.
There was proportionately greater
loss ON private lands within the for
est boundaries than on the public
lands. 1t is pointed out by the forest
officers that these lands cover ap-
proximately IL per cent Of the total
area included within the forest bound
aries, yet the area burned over on
these private lands was more than
twenty-five per cent Of all. The for
est service expended more than thir-
ty thousand dollars in protecting the
private lands within the forests and
lands adjacent to and outside of the
forests. In addition to this cost,
services and spplies to the value Of
more than seventeen thousand dollars
were contributed by co-operators for
fire-f1ghting on these areas.
In the middle Of the fire season,
The Madison journal. (Tallulah, Madison Parish, La.) 1888-current, 1914-04-04

credit he likes, but his signature Is
not sufficient. and those who give him
credit cannot collect unless the guard
ian's signature has also been obtained.
A curious case in this connection came
before the court this week.
A youth, son Of rich parents. pro-
vided with a conseil judiciaire. in
stalled a bathroom in his apartments
at a cost of TOO francs (s140). The
legal guardian refused to pay the bill,
arguing that 1t was not necessary to
battle at home nor to battle all over at
the same time, when wash bowls could
The Madison journal. (Tallulah, Madison Parish, La.) 1888-current, 1914-04-04
DERIVE BENEFIT FROM PEAS
Growing Lesuminous and Non-lesumL
nous Plants Together Adds Higher
Content Of Protein.

1t has long been known that some
plants are benefited and some are
injured by association. Association
seems to be especially beneficial in
case Of leguminous plants (peas.
clover, etc. and cereals or grasses
Recent investigations throw new light
on the reasons for this beneficial ef.
feet. It appears that the leguminous
plants not only gather nitrogen from
the atmosphere by means Of their
root-tubercle bacteria and are there
fore able to make a large growth, but
that some of the nitrogen so gathered
is passed on to the grain. grass. or
other non-leguminous plant associated
with it.
The result is larger growth Of the
nonlegume and also higher content
The Madison journal. (Tallulah, Madison Parish, La.) 1888-current, 1914-04-04

would comply as closely as possible
with local sentiment, so they named
the postoffice "Tophet." Tophet was a
hill on which the refuse of Jerusalem
was dumped and burned. The fires
were almost continuous, and hence To
phet came to signify hell, or a place of
endless perdition. Many postoffice
names are duplicated. but West Virgil
mia boasts of having the only Topic.
! the land. What difference one let.
ter of word makes in history! It is
said that Nome, Alaska, got its name
from the fact that the "a" Of the word
Name was misinterpreted for an 90"
At that. 1t is very impressive name.
Tacoma Ledger.
The Madison journal. (Tallulah, Madison Parish, La.) 1888-current, 1914-04-04
Ex-Confederate Pensions.

All of the southern states pension
their ex-soldiers. The amount given
is small as compared with that given
by the United States government to
the Union soldiers. but it is all tina;
can be afforded. II you will write to
the governor of Louisiana or his secre
tary you will doubtless be furnished
with the specific information you de
sire. Direct your letter Of inquiry to
Baton Rouge. the capital.
The Madison journal. (Tallulah, Madison Parish, La.) 1888-current, 1914-04-04

Of. protein, or heterogeneous matefia''
which considerably increases its vaiue
as food for stock. Such benent nA'
been noted from the growth OF Glove,
and timothy, alfalfa and timothy, anu
oats and peas. Other combination,
have not been studied. The increaseV
growth OF plants in combination oser
that of single crops, together win mo
improved composition Of the formsl'
has resulted in some cases In an ID.
crease of more than 80 per cent In ln0
production of protein per acre in''
increased value probably extendS "
the roots and stems left In the SUI
and means much in the production "
food for stock and in soil impro'0
ment.
The Madison journal. (Tallulah, Madison Parish, La.) 1888-current, 1914-04-04

retain moisture. and effectually pre-
vents the reproduction Of the forest,
since such fires destroy all tree seed
lings before they have a chance to
get a good start.
In 1912, lightning caused more fires
than any other agency, followed
closely by railroads, campers and In
cendiaries, In the order given. In
1913. however. the fires caused by
lightning outnumbered the next near
est cause by more than three to one.
but the order-railroads, campers and
incendaries-remain the same as In
1912. A considerable decrease in the
The Madison journal. (Tallulah, Madison Parish, La.) 1888-current, 1914-04-04

also be propagated from cuttings. Thu
cuttings are usually taken from the
slips which have been planted in tho
field and which have made a growth
of four to ten inches. These cuttinv0
are taken off and either rooted in I,
favorable place or may be trans.
planted at once into the field.
In order to get the slips 1t is neces.
sary to bed out the tubers The com.
mon method of bedding out the svee,
potatoes Is in a Geld frame or hot he'd
1t has been found by many that on the
whole better results are obtained from
the cold frame than from the hot bed
in the bottom of cold frame a LAYER
of sweet potatoes is placed and GOV.
cred over with sand or very sandy soil
to a depth of two or three inches
This is then watered well and a glazed
cold frame sash Is placed over the
frame. Occasional sprinkling will be
necessary to keep the soil moist dur.
ing the time the potatoes are sprout.
ing. Immediately after the first crop
of slips is taken off, the sweet potato
bed must be sprinkled over thorough
ly and If any of the tubers have be.
come exposed they must be covered
over In ten or fifteen days another
crop of slips is ready for transplant.
ing. After the second crop OF slips Is
taken off, the sweet potato bed must
be treated as before. From three to
five crops of slips may be taken of II
care is taken of the bed. The general
practice is to plant in ridges from
three and a half to four feet apart
and transplant in the rows from Is to
1S inches apart.
The Madison journal. (Tallulah, Madison Parish, La.) 1888-current, 1914-04-04

that is in July, the service had hign
hopes of small. fire damage during
1913, and this hope kept up until the
middle of September. when the fire
season on the national forests ordi-
narily Is about at an end. At that
time there was less damage than had
ever been recorded. and only 2.26O
The Madison journal. (Tallulah, Madison Parish, La.) 1888-current, 1914-04-04
INTRODUCING New Hoes,

When the new stock SOW or boar is
received at the farm. put it by itself
for a month or six weeks at least. II
at that time it seems perfectly healthy,
and has been improved in flesh, it is
safe to put it with the other stock.
This is a safe preventive of the in
PRODUCTION of disease on the farm.
The Madison journal. (Tallulah, Madison Parish, La.) 1888-current, 1914-04-04
KILL SERUM-TREATED SWINE
Ten Days Should EIapae Between Vac
eination and Butchering-Care-
fully Note Condition.

(By II. PRESTON HOSKINS. Assistant
Veterinarian. University Farm. st.
Paul, Mimi
How long after hog Is vaccinated
before it can be butchered for food
prrposes?" we are often asked
At least ten days should be allowed
to elapss between vaccination and
The Madison journal. (Tallulah, Madison Parish, La.) 1888-current, 1914-04-04

be used and public baths offered their
services. On behalf Of the tradesman
1t was argued that hygiene is no lux
ury and even a prodigal has the right
to wash at home. The courts adopted
this view and ruled that the expense
was justified.
The Madison journal. (Tallulah, Madison Parish, La.) 1888-current, 1914-04-04

Sweet potatoes are propagated by
means of what are called slips" A
slip is a sprout which develops from
the invisible buds or eyes on the sur
face of the sweet potato. The tuber
is capable of producing large num-
Der of slips. While the common
method of propagating sweet potatoes
is by means of these slips. they can
The Madison journal. (Tallulah, Madison Parish, La.) 1888-current, 1914-04-04
Absorbs Poisonous Fumes.

If painting in the inside OF mouse
place buckets of water around; IL az
serbs the poisonous fumes from Wv
paint which has arsenic In IT, esp0
cially green paint.
The Madison journal. (Tallulah, Madison Parish, La.) 1888-current, 1914-04-04
RANGERS Cabin In National Forest.

fires as against 2.470 in 1912. with
about sixty thousand acres burned as
compared with 100000 in 1912 and
100000 In 1911. At the end of the
month. however, the electric storms
in California and one or two out
breaks Of incendiarism changed the
whole situation.
But even in the face Of these diff
culties, the fire-fighting force, with its
plans and experience from preceding
years, was able to cope with the STU
alton.
The Madison journal. (Tallulah, Madison Parish, La.) 1888-current, 1914-04-04
Bee Hives for Flat DweIlera.

st. Louis.-Frank c. Pellet, state
bee inspector Of Iowa, addressing
bee-keepers' convention here, said
that everyone who lives in q fat
should keep q hive of bees.
The Madison journal. (Tallulah, Madison Parish, La.) 1888-current, 1914-04-04
Cow Unlike a Machine.

Remember that the COW is MOI :.
actly like a machine or a mill IN
can't put in a certain food and get n,i ~.
of desired quality. The co" nA
il in her own individual way.
The Madison journal. (Tallulah, Madison Parish, La.) 1888-current, 1914-04-04

butchering. II, at the expiration o, eI !.
time. the hog appears TO be heaita, -.
every way, it is fit for food II ~
hog shows any signs of sickness, IN
matter how slight, 1t would not DC w. "a
to butcher it until fully recovered ~.
then the carcass should not Dc W..
IL it shows any extensive alleiae
as the result of the previous iiines'
The Madison journal. (Tallulah, Madison Parish, La.) 1888-current, 1914-04-04

Fruit is a highly perishable proo .ss
and the successful fruit grower !" ..
one who gives not less STUDY " - 4
keting his product than to sIo"
The Madison journal. (Tallulah, Madison Parish, La.) 1888-current, 1914-04-04
WINS THE RIGHT TO Battle
IN Court Decides That Bathing 10
? 10. No Luxury-Man Can
Wash at Home.

YreeBy French law a prodigal
laughter or even father or
pe. nday be provided with con-
IRE, or legal guardian. whose
uuS Ast be obtained before the
tne coy 1fapend any money except
set sOe 4 the actual necessities OF
m .s q FOdisal can obtain all the
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1914-09-17
Stops That First Fall Cough.

Check your fall cough or cold at once
don't wait-it may lead to serious
lung trouble, weaken your vitality and
develop a chronic lung ailment. Get a
bottle of Or. Bells PineTar-Honey to-
day: it is pure and harmless--use it
freely for that fall cough or cold. If
Baby or Children are sick give it to
them, it will relieve quickly and per.
manently. |. soothes the irritated
throat, lung, and air passages. I'oos-
ems Phlegm, is antiseptic and fortiiies
the system against colds. 1t surely
prevents cold germs from getting a
hold. Guaranteed. Only 25c. at your
Druggist ADV.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1914-09-17

In directing attention to the posi-
billty that the trade OF south America
heretofore going to Germany ana
Great Britain, may be gained largely
for the United States, the Cincinnati
Enquire says:
.rhie means much to the States, the
cities. the people OF the South anu C,.o
central West, much to the mahuIactur-
ars the merchants, the FARMERS, tle
miners and other working men VI llo
states of Ohio, indiana, west NirRIhi"'
Kentucky and Virginia. ,,,o vouor
90 the people OF the ONO NalleS
This situation is full of hope ana enco-
,,r,onmeut, and through IT, II wisely
y,iIed of, profit and pro sperlty 10 an
extraordinary degree can be co'n'hauu'
ed 10y them. .Lo,noh no roil n
al ,,rao, nocts Of the Atlantic coast
and ALSO those Of the Gull, connected
',i,h New Orleans by awater way direc'
,J oyo;Iahlr. The inhabitants OF the
Mo valley are admirably located 10
orioy the benefits that this trade OF the
,,rys,no and certain to be developed
sso pon'Ie 10 the south Of US brings to
our very doors
ITS an i'll will that blows NOBODY
any good The United States should
Jain proat commercial advantage IN
tho Sonth American countries 10y rea
SON Of The war in Europe and the com
rle,ion OF the Panama Canal.