davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-05-31
Shipping From Further Extension Of Piers

A good many runs were made in this
manner, the Is foot model being moved
laterally either nearer and nearer or
further and further from the steel pins
for the purpose of determining the ult I
mate extent Of the sidewise zone of da.,
ger or influence.
Again, a somewhat similar procedure
was observed In ascertaining the ef-
fects upon ships moored beside docks.
Pictures taken OF these movements gave
very instructive revelations and showed
within what limits Of speed and what
distances large liners could pass the
ends of docks without endangering the
ships moored there.
The result Of the tests showed plainly
the tendency of a vessel moored at
dock to surge forward as the advance
ing liner approached the pierhead
Shortly before the passing of the ID
foot model the 10 foot miniature steam
ship reversed its movement. This was
the alternate Juggling effort on small
scale which the other day caused the
swapping of the lines which had held
two good sized vessels.
Naval Constructor d. W. Tayor's ex.
perlments disclosed just how rapidly
coming or outgoing liner increased her
speed and swept closer to the ends OF
the fianking docks. He found the effect
OF increased speed to be especially no.
ticeable between ten and fifteen knots
To-day, when the tide Is ebbing strongly
the outbound current reaches velocity
OF four miles an hour. An incoming
steamer must have considerable head
1..Il l. ata
this opposition.
Indeed. the report OF Col. William Y
Rossell, corps OF engineers OF the unite'
States Army, makes 1t clear that mou'.
fications in the shore and pier line OF
the North River have radically affected
the current velocities. For instance
opposite Fifty-second street the speeo
of the ebb flow has increased for similar
tides from 2.5l miles per hour IN 1898
to 4,01 miles per hour In 1919. Again
for the Barclay street section the eop
velocities have increased from 2os mics
per hour in 1854 to 3,7s miles per hou'
in 1912"
It has been found from those Wash.
ington tests that at ceSsain speeN
moving liner sets UP perturpatiohs !"
| the water on either side or her reaCni"e
| laterally for distance or four thn.s
her maximum beam. In other "o'us'
there In danger zone extending ou'
ward from the sides OF the Vaterishu
having a combined span OF 500 ieeI
That Is to say, this craft OF $50 feet W
length IL occupying laterally by
body and It's menacing disturbances
stretch Of 900 feet. Ala,
True. longer piers for their pro'''.N.
and housing. further up the river nv
under way, but this does not lessen
bit the hazard of river franc shou,.i
one Of these great steamers pos"
through the bottle neck section between
Chelsea and Castle Poin' Just al NV
time when other craft are traVers'ns
that extremely busy area. IL Wous
seem that these ocean giants nn
pretty nearly outgrown their nerthns
spaces available IN the North h.ne.
and that 1t Is only a question o' ,',.
before New York must provide su''@'"
accommodations elsewhere.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-05-31

tensions OF existing piers. The United
states army engineers have consistently
opposed dock extensions on both the
Manhattan and the New Jersey shores
in that part of the river abreast OF and
approaching the run between Chelsea
on the Manhattan side and Castle Point
on the opposite one.
Their opposition aroused an album
dance of protest on the part OF steam
ship agents whose principals were en-
gagged in planning and building still
larger transatlantic express steamers.
The city's dock experts were in accord
with the mercantile interests and were
outspoken in declaring that the pro-
longation OF existing piers would not
interfere with the rivers flow or add 20
the difficulties OF ordinary shipping in
motion.
Accordingly some way had to be found
to settle this difference Of opinion by
practical demonstrations. To this end
the model experimental tank at the navy
yard In Washington. in a general way.
was arranged so that section OF 1t
would simulate on a small scale the
Chelsea region of the North River. To
this end a scaffolding of heavy beams.
fioored over. was built and suspended
in the basin at different depths 80 that
It would represent the average river
bottom at high and at low tide.
Further, In order to typify the exist
ing channel and the possible effects OF
more narrowing. partitions or vertical
walls were made OF planking and Sc
cured In place by means OF sand bags.
In this fashion the investigators were
enabled to reproduce on miniature
scale the depths of water and the
widths of the free running river between
existing dock ends and suggested eX-
tensions.
At present the maximum width OF
the channel between Chelsea and Castle
Point Is $500 feet. and the investiga-
lions were TO determine what would
follow IL the passageway were reduced
first 10 2,4O0 feet and then to an ulti-
mate minimum OF 1000 feet. Inasmuch
as the width OF the basin was only AZ
feet, and the depth of water to cor
respond to that scale was but one foot,
the miniature river so formed was to
the actual river as l Is to 15-1,0oO.
by the same ratio thousand foot
ship, practically a miniature counter
part OF the Vaterland, was represented
by model 10 feet long, and liner
6j6.6 feet in length was represented By
model 10 feet long. With these two
little craft the required experiments
were made. In the case OF the smaller
model there was no motive power in
stalled, but the 10 foot liner was fitted
with prorellers and driven by an cleo
, trio motor. and was capable of making
speeds which, in proportion to the size
OF the model typlfied velocities up % 20
knots on the part of full sized 'hip
900 feet long and having an ultimate
displacement OF 1900 tons when draw
ing 40 feet of water.
The Is foot model was attached 10
the towing carriage of the model basin,
| but this was merely for the purpose OF
steering the miniature ship it's own
motor drove II along At the same speed
as that OF the guiding carriage. Be
cause of Its reduced scale the Is foot
liner. to represent the conditions Of Z
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-05-31
All that Is left Of the Octagon
Hotel, Seabright.

Hotel was saved from a fate like that
OF It's nelghbor, the Octagon, only by
reason OF new bulihead OF reinforced
cement. In that survival lesson was
learned. While more expensive initially.
concrete plllng will outlast timber by
many years and, because OF greater
strength and, more steadlness when
driven deep enough, will prove the
cheaper in the end.
The Germans have q saying that all
good things come IN threes. but down
at Seabright the natives will tell you
that hardships parade in the same
fashion. Early the morning of Feb
ruary IL the town had TO face the
attack of another storm. Ocean ave-
nue. was flooded; cellars filled; founds-
tons undermined: and number OF
small houses swept away, once more
the waters from the Atlantic Ocean
swept across the peninsula and mingled
with the tide or the Shrewsbury River.
The ravHges Of these winter gales did
other damage besides smashing buik-
heads, wreclSing dwellings and injuring
property by reason of flooding. Thou
sands upon thousands of dollars worth
OF real estate was sliced away from the
shore front and swept up the coast to
increase other beaches or carried ocean
ward to build shifting sandbars. It Is
this sort Of work that has made many
people wonder how long IL will be be-
fore the peninsula behind which the
Shrewsbury flows will disappear from
view. According to the old residents. in
the last thirty-odd years the shore line
has receded at least 100 feet.
The three storms inflicted upon Sea-
bright within a range OF five miles,
damage amounting to we'll nigh mill
ion dollars Independently of the losses
entailed by the actual removal of big
strips OF shore property. As a matter
Of record these storms recur every six
or eight years Seabright's misfor-
tune has emphasized n condition that
prevails pretty generally upon the whole
stretch Of the Jersey coast and invites
both State and national consideration.
Jesse A. Rowland OF Seabright has
been building bulkheads and jettles for
nearly quarter Of a century. He puts
the problem thus:
1T Is not only the occasional storms
with which We have to measure forces
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-05-31
WINNING HER BATTLE WITH THE OCEA
Officials of Towns Dis.
cuss Plans for Protect.
ing Coast From Bay
Head to Atlantic HI;4s X :.
lands

t.on Is. largely governmental prob.
lepa etAsmuch as the sand carried from
our beaches now Is transported north.
ward toward Sandy Hook and depos.
tied right across tho channels which
we are trying to keep clear for ocean
traffic. believe the Government
could safeguard this coastline all the
way from Sandy Hook to Bay Head
mt a moderate outlay and. incidentally,
lessen thereby the cost OF dredging the
water routes leading In and out OF
New York bay.
"The scheme liz a simple one and would
entirely obviate the necessity OF FIRE.
auent small jetties such as | have g..
ready described. In short, would rec.
ommend single jetty reaching sea.
ward at right angles with the shore
for a distance Of half "A mile from a
point at the southern extremity Of the
United States Government Reservation
at Sandy Hook. In other words. Just
north of Highlands Beach.
"A jetty OF this description could be
constructed for "A quarter OF a million
dollars and would cut off the sweep OF
the northbound erosive short current
for distance southwark surely as
far az Bay Heal Within that zone.
the floating sand In the sea water
would be caught and deposited In this
fashion building out the beach for hun
dreds OF yards and leaving the bulk.
heads practically nothing to do excepN
to break the force of the worst OF heavy
storm seas.
These would be virtually buried BY
drifting tossed fhara no m.
winds, and instead of rebuilding these
barriers every ten or fifteen years they
might reasonably be expected to endure
for several decades. You know. Sea
bright was not the only Jersey resort
to suffer last winter, even though It
was the hardest hit, and sooner or later
something must be done to safeguard
the property interests at stake and 10
make secure these pleasure places a,
the millions"
Undoubtedly Mr.. Howland's plan is
an engineering undertaking Of no mean
proportions, but his years OF expert
ence satisfy him that the work can be
done rapidly and within the limits OF
cost which he has named.
The tax that has been laid upon the
people OF Seabright by reason Of the
three storms of last winter has brought
them face to face with the need OF
outside aid. AS far as possible they
have paid the bill which the seas at
lacks have run up for them. but II
Is quite clear that the battle II an un-
equal one and that securer safeguards
must be provided.
Frequent jetties cut up the beach
line, while a single jetty such as Mr..
Rowland offers as a solution would be
far cheaper In the end. wider In its
benefits and would give to that stretch
of coast q sandy unbroken run south
ward to Bay Head. In brief the de-
structive current Of to-dLJ IL to be
coaxed by engineering cunning TO build
wall against itself and to do the very
opposite to that which has marked II
In the past!
This Is what Mr.. Howland's years o.
practical experience have taught him
1t Is the fruit OF many battles lost and
won upon that treacherous coast. =
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-05-31
Experts Using Model Experimenting Tank in Navy Yard Washington
Show Disturbance of Current and Effect Moored Vessels
When Giant Steamships Advance

they did 1t in this way, and the course
Of the imaginary particle OF water was
Appropriated by employing certain
skilful makeshifts:
Thin steel rods buoyed by weighted
aluminium globes. and these in turn. an
chored below the surface, had their tips
projecting just above the water. These
tips were free to swing and swirl. and
these points represented, for the time
being, imaginary particles Of water. Be-
low these rods. marked upon the floor
ing of the false bottom. was painted an
oblong checkerboard,w which was in vivid
contrast to the plain color OF the floor
ing OF the supposed river bed.
This checkerboard was reflected in a
mirror extending out from the side of
the tank and tilted toward the water an
an angle Of forty-five degrees. In other
words. a person standing fifty or more
feet from the mirror could see the bot
tom marked with its checkered lines
and also the dots represented by the
tips of the steel rods. In order to keep
these rods steady until the proper mo-
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-05-31

to the ferryboat and to other kinds OF
river craft. Practical confirmation OF
the tests was given when the Vaterland,
at the time of docking. nearly drew
ferryboat under her stern,
Naturally the layman will want to
know how the disturbances set up in
the water by the self-propelled model
were ascertained and recorded. and here
Is where the moving picture apparatus
has shown a new field Of valuable appli-
cation. Theoretically the investigators
really wanted to trace the paths OF the
stream lines Of the water sweeping by
the model in motion and at the same
time the degree OF force with which
each OF these invisible currents was
swept aside from It's normal course be-
fore returning to its accustomed line Of
travel.
Plainly Vt was quite impossible to see
these movements below the surface Of
the basin. and yet It Ia beneath the sur
face that much Of the disturbance &C.
ours. How, then, were the experiment
ers to make the unseen visible? Well.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-05-31

tn HE giant ocean liner Vaterland
provided an abundance of thrills
i the day she arrived, and her
departure was even more hair
raising. The advent OF this enormous
ship, with length OF $50 feet, beam
OF flvescore feet and a dead weight or
displacement of $4,000 tons, has fur
hshed the municipal authorities OF New
York and neighboring Hoboken with
plenty OF food for thought.
The query that is naturally upper
most now is Shall New York harbor be
made to fit these steadily growing trans
atlantic liners or are these immense
passenger craft to be modelled to suit
the physical conditions of certain parts
OF the waterways of this port? Appar-
emily the ship owners at present are
building their vessels to suit their own
commercial requirements,
The day the Vaterland arrived brought
many an anxious quarter hour for the
shippers OF river craft. All went fairly
well until the great liner was just about
ready to turn her nose into the slip
and then "A brief delay, due to a passing
tow upset the whole programme. II
took a good four hours fight with the
tide and the services of twenty-five
pushing and pulling tugs before the
Vaterlands bow was again In position
and the ship was sliding safely into her
berthing space.
During that time the crafts immense
bulk and deep draught acted substan-
TALLY like n newly planted island in the
channelway, and because of this OBJ
struction the passing waters flowed
more swiftly, thus adding to the diff
culties OF docking the ship, and dis
turbing the movements OF regular traffic.
Indeed the stimulated current or sue
ton near the floating monster was 40
great that a ferryboat was nearly drawn
in under the Naterland's stern. Apart
from this, ferry traffic for a while was
entirely blocked and train schedules
upset, while other ships about to sail
were unable TO do so until the great
liner got alongside of her dock
The climax OF this lesson for the
harbor authorities came when the
Vaterland sailed Ave days later. Once
more the liner b'ocke6 traffic, and even
though the tide was favorable the ship
had plenty OF difficulties and narrowly
escaped actual collision with some OF
Manhattan's DOCKS.
In avoiding this catastrophe the
Vntcrland's great screws were set In
motion. This drove rearward n mil
race OF turbulent. rushing water, and
the force was snch that II flooded and
sank big coal barge and tore n couple
OF moderate sized steamers from theiI
mornings, snaprirg wire and hemper
hawsers as II toy were threads, The
returning wave, on ma other hand
hurled two of the Southern Pacific
steamships violently against their docks
and pier ends, causing a good deal OF
damage.
AFTER a fashion the arrival and the
6erarture Of the Naterland were not
much removed by analogy from the
manpuvres OF an elephant In the mar
row aislcs Of a china shop. The cir.
sumstances were pretty much as scienc;
had predicted, and the army engineer!
derive from them more arguments fol
their opposition to the narrowing OF
parts of the North River by further ex
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-05-31

- ress In repairing the damage done
by the three furious storms
which assailed It's bulkheads last
winter, and in addition It's citizens are
discussing plans for the permanent pro-
lection of the resort against the en-
croachments of the sea.
The situation OF seabrisht Ia pecul.
Jar. II Is built on a sandy peninsula
bounded on the east by the Atlantic and
backed on the west by the Shrewsbury
River. Tho habitable stretch from
ocean TO river ranges from 100 feet to
modest maximum OF 400 feet in width
and has only n very moderate altitude
above sea level. After a fashion, Il is
Just about like living upon the top Of a
coastwise Holland dixie. only in the pres
ent instance the height Is not 30 great
and there Is water tapping at the back
door. The curious physical aspect of
the situation IL that a river should run
parallel with the sea with SO thin a
barrier between It and the Atlantic.
When city dwellers were rejoicing
last Christmas night the people along
tho nearby coast OF New Jersey were
rlled with anxiety and face to face with
peril. A violent winter storm was driv-
ing In upon them from tho east and be-
fore the fury of that gale great seas
were hammering ut their very front
doors. When morning dawned the pic
ture was one of desolation and ruin, and
or all the New Jersey seaside resorts
seabright had been hardest hit.
Almost in the centre OF Seabright's
shore line lies tho fishing community
popularity known as the Fishery, and
practically the whole of this settlement
was demolished. about twenty-seven
homes being totally wrecked and the
twenty families then present being
driven out. The bulkhead which had
formerly stood as defence against the
sea was utterly shattered.
Popular subscriptions netted q relief
fund of $4,000. and every cent of this
was devoted TO the building OF a new
and stronger bulkhead between the
wreckage OF the community OF fisher
men and tho Atlantic. Most of this
money was raised among Seabright's
own people. but contributions came from
afar The Mayor of the city. George
w. Elliott will show you two nickels
which he prizes highly. the gifts OF two
little girls In Omaha who wanted to
help the other little girls OF the Fishery
settlement.
Seabright had scarcely recovered
from It's first blow when another gale
broke loose. on January the wind
came piling in from the Atlantic with
ever Increasing fury until 1t attained a
velocity of more than seventy miles an
hour. Before II great waves were hurled
against the Jersey shores and again be-
gan record OF destruction. The attack
of the earlier storm had loosened the
pilings OF many OF the bulkhesds and
they gave way before the second storm
Again the Fishery suffered severely,
and from the temporary repaired cot
tages the fishermen and their families
were driven. 1t was this storm that
completed the demolition OF the Octagon
Hotel. begun on Christmas Day. Dur
ing the gales OF December % and jan
uary 3 about half a mile of breakwater
had succumbed. and the Peninsula
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-05-31

1000 foot ship at 20 knots had really
10 move at only fraction OF that
speed. In other words. when the model
was moving at 2.45 knots Its full sized
typemate would be going a score Of
miles an hour.
The 10 foot model, representing a ship
666.6 feet long and 6s.6 feet wide. was
really a reduced replica OF the lines OF
the so-called 1000 foot steamer, but
this miniature craft was designed to
play a passive part In the experiments,
which explains why II was not provided
with motive power. It's function was to
lie alongside of a pier and to indicate
the probable effect upon vessels 40
moored when passing liner of the
Vaterland class moved up and down the
river in approaching or in leaving her
dock.
In addition to this the 10 foot model
was to determine the measure and the
zone of suction set up by the big liner
in motion when passing other vessels
In the harbor, and especially In the
North River. This applies prospectively
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1914-05-07
Death of Mrs. Edgar kaliher.

Mrs. Agneta Kaliher, wife of Ma
than Edgar Kaliher, died at her
home in Wahkon on May 2, 1914.
Remains were brought to her child
hood home in Greenbush for inter
ment in the Greenbush burial
ground.
Funeral services were held in the
Swedish Lutheran church Tuesday
afternoon. Rev. j. A. Levine Off
ciated. Isl
Mrs. Kaliher was born in Sweden
in 1869, coming to Minnesota with
her parents when three years of age.
She was married to Edgar Kaliher in
October 1900: moving to Wahkon a
few years since. Deceased leaves
husband and four children, her par
ents, Nr. and Mrs. Peter n. Kron.
strom of Greenbush, and four sisters.
Mrs. Kaliher will be missed in the
community. She was a devoted
wife and mother.
The husband and children have
the sympathy of this community in
their sad loss.
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1914-05-07
$500 in Prizes to be Awarded.

Rome G. Brown of Minneapolis
has started prize contest, open to
high school and law school, under
graduates of the state. Altogether
the prizes offered by Mr.. Brown
amount to S2OO-SlOO in the high
school contest and 500 in the law
school. These prizes will be
awarded for the best written argu-
ments against the adoption by the
people of Minnesota of the amend
ment to article seven of the state
constitution providing for the recall
of public officials, as proposed by the
last legislature, and which will be
submitted at the next general elec-
tion. For particulars of the condi-
tions governing these contests stu
dents should write to Rome G..
Brown, 1905 Metropolitan Life Build.
ing, MINNEAPOLIS.
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1914-05-07
Wrong Inspiration.

Some of the pamphlets and circu-
lars sent out by reformists to the
boys and girls for the purpose of in
spring high moral standards in sex
hygiene matters, are the very things
that will awaken in those minds
thoughts just the contrary to what
these would-be theorists are so de-
sirous of promoting. 1t is delicate
matter to say the least, and though
very proper subject for considera-
tion it is a matter that should be
taken care of by the mother and
father of these young people. Some
of these printed circulars now being
sent broadcast over the land should
be prohibited the use of the mails.
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1914-05-07
Death of Leonard Scalbere.

A. Leonard Scalberg died at his
home in this village on Tuesday af-
ternoon at 2:30, blood poisoning
being the direct cause of his death.
Funeral services we're held by Rev.
E. B. Service in the presence of rel
atives at the grave. Deceased at
time of his death was 81 years and
months old. He was married in
1906 to Selma O. Lofgren of Maple
Ridge, Isanti county. One child
was born to them but died about a
year since. He is survived by his
wife, his parents, Mr.. and Mrs. VIM.
Scalberg of Cambridge, three
brothers Elmer of Cambridge, Fred
and William of Princeton.
Leonard Scalberg was Of genial;
sunny nature. He had great big
heart and no person in want could
appeal to him and go away empty
handed. He made friends wherever
he went. =
The sincere sympathy of this COM
munity goes out to his hereayed
wife and relatives.