davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-07-11
PRUNE PIONEERING SHRUBS
NOW IF YOU WANT BLOOMS

have faded, and the shrubs should
not be touched again until the next
year at the same season. There are
great number of these early flower
ing plants Among them are golden
bell, towering currant, lilac, mock
orange, SNOWFALL, deutzia, diervilla,
bafberry and many species of spi-
raea. These are among our choicest
hardy shrubs. If any one fails with
them the pruning is probably at
fault.
Another group, conspicuous among
which is the favorite hydrangea, pro-
duces flowers in late summer. In
this group the blossom buds are
formed during the present season,
and SO the rule, prune after the flow
ering. may be stretched until early
the following spring, because the
buds are not formed in the autumn,
but upon the new growth made dur
ing the spring and early summer.
Some of these shrubs are much more
tender than the spring blooming
group; therefore, it is wise not to
prune them until time of frost is
past in the following spring. The
group is small one, and this list
should be welcome: Sweet alder. the
blue spiraea. witch hazel, Gordonia
pubescens, spiraea bullatta and SIS.
conspicua. The Gordonia is not hardy
in cold climates, and some of the
others are subject to winter killing,
especially If their growth is too luxu-
RANT.
In pruning, best results are always
secured with sharp tools and by MAX
ing all necessary cuts close to the
main trunks of tree-like bushes that
produce a great number Of stems
The only other rule to remember IS
to cut out all old wood as soon as 1t
is observed so as to permit the free
circulation of air and the admission
of sunlight. Beyond such pruning as
this. the only cutting that need be
done is to restrain overambitious
limbs and to keep the bushes in pleas
ing forms. Just here difficulty is
likely to arise. Too many people like
TO shear their shrubs into formal
shapes. They cannot expect abund-
ant flowers If this is done.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-07-11

The most critical period for the cell
cry crop occurs during July and Au-
gust when the weather is hot with &C.
casional thunder showers and close,
oppressive atmosphere. IT is during
this kind of weather that the disease
known as blight" or rust gener-
ally makes its appearance upon the
leaves of celery. No one seems to
know where the little spores, or seeds,
of this disease comes from, but they
are very light and float in the air SO
that the least breeze will carry them
from their winter hiding places and
distribute them over the celery fields.
Generally these spores have been ly-
ing dormant among the trimmings
and waste leaves from the celery crop
of last season and do not become
active until conditions are right for
their development
The spores of seeds of celery blight
cannot grow SO long as they remain
perfectly dry, and like any regular
seed they must have both warmth
and moisture for their development
For this reason there is very little
blight on the celery crop in certain
seasons when the air is dry and the
nights cool Even when there are
heavy dews the spores do not de-
velop unless the air is warm during
the night and while the days may be
hot the foliage of the celery is dry
and the disease does not get start
There are two important methods
Of warding off celery diseases. first
by preventing the carrying over of
disease in the trimmings and waste
from one seasons crop to another,
and second, by coating the foliage OF
the growing crop with something
that viii destroy the spores of the
disease as soon as they start to grow
and before they have gained access
TO the tissue of the plants.
In carrying out the first preventa-
tive measure it would be desirable
to cart from the celery field all trim
mings and refuse celery, and after
sprinkling it with a mixture of air
slaked lime and pulverized copper sui
phate. stack it in a pile and cover
the outside with earth. 1t would be
sufficient. however, to simply coat the
outside of the pile with lime and pull
verized copper suiphate and then add
a little earth The decayed matter
should not be used as manure on
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-07-11

celery land. Another method would
be to thoroughly spray the refuse ma
terial in the field with solution con-
sisting of six pounds copper snlphate
to fifty gallons of water. After spray
ing, the trimmings could be safely
plowed under; however. it would be
necessary to turn the refuse in order
to thoroughly coat 1t with the spray
mixture. In cases of severe infesta-
ton the trimmings should always be
removed from the land.
The second preventative measure is
most easily accomplished by spraying
once a week or ten days with Bor-
deaux mixture, consisting of three to
four pounds copper sulphate (blue-
stone or blue vitroD. five to six
pounds of freshly burnt-stone lime
and fifty gallons of water Dissolve
the copper sulphate in about two gal
Ions of hot water in an earthen jar
or cheap wooden pail, and dilute to
twenty-five gallons with cold water
in large wooden tub or barrel. AS
the copper sulphate is being dissolved,
Stake the lime in another tub or bar
rel, adding just enough water from
time to time to prevent it's burning.
When the lime is slaked to a thin,
creamy paste, dilute it to twenty-five
gallons by adding clean, cold water.
When both solutions are thor
oughly stirred, pour them together
into a third barrel. 1t Is good plan
to have fine copper screen or piece
of cheesecloth across the top of the
mixing barrel and pour the solutions
together through this to remove any
Jumps or sediment. Burlap or gunny-
sacking are not suitable for use as
a strainer on account of the lint
clogging the nozzles. When the mix
ture has been made it should be load
ed into the sprayer and applied i'm
mediately.
While much repends upon the
proper mixing of the materials, the
main essential is to properly dis
tribute the mixture over the celery
plants. AS already suggested, spray
ing for celery blight is preventative
measure rather than a cure for the
disease. To prove effective the spray
ing should be commenced before the
disease has made its appearance, so
that when the little spores, or seeds,
which cannot be seen with the un-
aided eye, fall upon the foliage they
will alight upon portion of the
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-07-11


Nature is too lavish to withhold
beauty from her own handiwork and
she generously eonceals the crudi-
ties in mans work also. Even when
he distorts or obliterates her lowell
ness and in sheer WEAKNESS, rests
from his strenuous task, she silent
ly, patiently begins her work Of re-
adornment.
A treeless roadside. a naked fence.
or a bare rocky bank may coincide
with one ideal of neatness of utility,
but they are unlovely. On the other
hand, some of the finest bits of
country beauty are directly contrary
to the practise of the economical
farmer; such as a boundary fence,
festooned with poison ivy; Canada
thistles and wild carrots along the
road sides and in the corners of
fences, a roadside border of golden
rod and wild asters and masses OF
wild sumas glowing red in the au-
tufinn sunlight.
One OF the most glorious autumn
color masses that can be imagined
was one formed by a tall spruce
hedge over which the gold and Grim
son foliage Of Virginia creeper hung
in gorgeous festoons and waved in
delicate spirals from the tips of the
branches Let the man who would
keep his fence a boundary hedge in
preserVation-and comply with the
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-07-11


not necessary in connection with the
cost accounting, but may be kept i
the farmer desires. and they VIII
often prove useful.
The potato account given as sam
pie account in the second article OF
this series was studied when il was
closed and the following facts were
obtained: Total acreage, IL total
yield, LIPS bushels: yield per acre,
sos bushels; total cost Of crop, Ss6s.ze.
cost per acre, S33.51: total value Of
crop, sS57.S3; value per acre, $751;
total profit, SsSS.62; profit per acre.
$27.76; man hours per acre 81, horse
hours per acre, so; labor cost per
acre, Sl0.S1, horse labor per acre. SGT:
cost per bushel. 41.6 cents; profit per
bushel 34.4 cents. The average value
per bushel was higher than is ordi-
narily received for market potatoes.
Besides the satisfaction of actually
knowing what crops or enterprises
paid and how much. there are many
other ways in which the accounts
may be useful They may be used
to study the seasonal distribution Of
labor on the farm as a whole, and on
separate enterprises and also 10 de-
terminate what crops and what ami
mails are the most profitable BY
comparing ones results with the facts
detailed III DunGllHS Oh the SAME STU
ject one can find how his efforts COM
pare with those Of other farmers as 10
economy of labor the working eff
cheney OF horses, and many other
points.
, By keeping farm cost accounts one
cannot help but gain an idea Of the
value of labor He soon finds that
time represents money ana that il .
equally as important to save one az
the other. He sees that it is just as
important TO save an hours work by
man and team on an acre OF oats as
| it is TO get a yield of an extra
bushel per acre and that IL is more
wasteful TO have a team idle than 70
have one man idle for the same
length Of time.
I Farm cost accounts will help 10
teach one that very often the largest
yields may not pay. After closing
the accounts the farmer usually gels
many surprises. Often he finds that
the enterprises which he thinks are
the best and to which he devotes
most of his time are being conducted
1 at loss. while the steadier. more
common enterprises or crops may be
4 the only ones that show profits
The system of farm cost account
ing outlined in this series Of articles
| is not a theoretical system. bit one
which for several years. with mans
types of farming and under widely
differing conditions, has given salts
1 faction 1t is hoped that what has
been written win furnish helpful sua-
gestions to farmers who are keepi1s
accounts and are not satisfied with
the results obtained from their pres
ent system. and that it viii be q
guide to be followed by many Others
1 who wish To keen accounts but have
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-07-11

Would you recommend planting a
ounce orchard of five or more acres,
and, If so, what varieties, distance
apart to set trees and early treat
ment2 G.F. r.
Newark.
ounces are profitable when their
culture is understood, and several or
chards of about this size in New
York State have proved so. The best
variety is the Orange. They should
be planted at least twenty feet apart,
cultivated the first few years and
sprayed with bordeaux 4-4-50, with
three pounds of arsenate of lead add
ed, at approximately the same time
that spraying is done for apples The
trees should be watched carefully for
the first appearance of blight, and all
such branches removed and burned
at first indication of the disease.
After the first few years the sod
mulch method is often practiced in
ounce orchards.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-07-11
PREVENTING Mormx atape.

At what time and with what prep
aration should spraying be done to
prevent wormy grapes2 j. H. S.
Montclair. n
So-called "wormy'' grapes are due
to infestation by the grape berry
moth. There are two broods each sea
son. The larvae of the first brood APP
pear on the young grape berries soon
after the setting of the fruit; they
spin webs and join the berries. At
this time the caterpillars feed ex-
ternally, and thorough spraying of
the cluster with arsenate of lead
three pounds, whale-oil soap three
pounds and water fifty gallons is
very effective. This is IN fact the
most important spraying. The Sec
ond brood appears in July, and
spraying when the young larvae
hatch will kill many when they at
tempt to eat into the berries. Use
the same material as for the first
spraying. Destroy all wormy fruit, as
this eliminates the moths which
would lay the eggs next spring.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-07-11
Best Seeding for Permanent Pasture

Best Seeding for Permanent Pasture.
What is the best seeding for a
permanent pasture2 Z r. A
Westfield.
1t is desirable to have succession
OF grass occupying the ground the en-
fire season and thus affording both
early and late feed. If the soil is
heavy the following will be found ex-
cellent Kentucky bluegrass. twenty
five pounds; white clover, ten pounds;
perennial rye grass, thirty pounds;
red fescue. ten pounds; red top,
twenty-five pounds This assumes
that all those except the white clover
are in the chaff. Sow thirty-five
pounds per acre. If one can get the
recleaned seed, usually less than half
the number of pounds per acre will be
required. For light, sandy soils,
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-07-11

service costs onyreq and COM
petea eonyo
andals the II
Newark j..
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-07-11
THE COUNTRY CALENDAR
Practical Hints About Things to Do at This Season in Garden
and Greenhouse, the Orchard and the Poultry Yard

may entirely ruin a young orchard
within few days. Poultry and right
young calves are about the only ami
mails that can safely be, pastured
among fruit trees.
DO not try to dry the calf by rub
bling 1t with hay or straw Allow the
COW to dry 1t with her rough warm
tongue. She likes to do 1t, and it is
natures way.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-07-11

Remove the harness and the heavy
collars from the horses during the
noon hour. You will note the diifer-
ence in their work in the afternoon
One hundred and fifty ss year
Is what an average scared lot
pullet should produce.
1tis not good piansto pasture the
orchard with large animals. Hogs
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-07-11

Molasses for Farm stock.
Is it profitable TO feed molasses TO
farm stock?
Rutherford. c. A.
Yes; molasses has a decided value
as food. 1t is practically all di-
gestible, very palatable and laxative.
1t will not supply protein or bone,
and should never be fed to take the
place of bran or that character of
feeds. At present prices it is con-
siderably cheaper than corn meal and
to be recommended where dry fodder
only is available
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-07-11
ASK THE QUESTION BOX"

What You Want to Know About Gardening POuyand COun-
try Problems Answered by Experts
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-07-11

How can land be rid of milkweed?
Verona. H. p A.
Milkweed is a perennial with under
ground stems or latent buds. Pull by
hand after a rain, when stalks have
their growth and before the bloom
appears. or even up to the appearance
OF the seed heads.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-07-11
Best Lice killer.

BelleN1llS. d. - - -.
one of the best lice killers is the
powder recommended by the Depart
ment of Poultry Husbandry at the
New York State College of Agricul-
ture. This is a homemade powder,
and, consequently, is much cheaper Tor
the farmer or poultryman to use than
the commercial lice powders. The
following is the formula for making
this powder and the method of apply
ing it:
Spread two and one-half pounds or
plaster of paris in shallow pan or
tray Pour one-quarter of pint or
crude carbolic acid into a cup, and
into this pour three-quarters of a pint
of gasolene. Pour this mixture over
the plaster of paris and mix thorough
W. Rub through wire window SCREEN
ing upon a piece of paper, allowing 1t
10 stand for one and half or two
hours, until thoroughly dry Do not
Mace near a stove. Keep powder IN
a closed can or jar. Apply by means
of an ordinary sitter or with fingers,
brushing the powder in among the
feathers about the vent. fun and
under the wings. Repeat in about two
weeks in extreme cases. Ordinarily,
this need not be repeated for six
months. A small pinch of the powder
is sufficient for each fowl. To avoid
tainting the flesh apply one week be-
fore killing.
In addition to using this powder 1t is
well to carefully and thoroughly spray
all the perches and wall boards near
the perches with a solution OF one
part of crude carbolic acid to three
parts kerosene. In about ten days
time this operation should be repeated
IN order to kill any lice Matched out
of the eggs which were on the bodies
of the fowls at the time of the flrst
application.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-07-11
Care of strawberries.

What is the best method of treat
ing strawberry bed the second bear
ing season. c. H. H.
Verona
AS soon as berries are done NOW the
bed close to the ground, rake all tops
and coarse parts of mulch in wind
rows and draw off. Put on a sharp
large tooth eultiyator and go as many
times through each row as is neces-
sary to work it up thoroughly, wild
ening out the cultivator and leaving
a row of plants about six inches wide.
Chop out all old and superf1uous
plants, weeds, etc, with sharp hoes,
then side dress the rows with fer
tilizer analysing 10 per cent. phos-
phoric acid and per cent potash and
cultivate it in. BY this time the bed
should be as clean as a new one and
should be given the same treatment
for the remainder of the season. How
much work this will be depends en-
tirely on how clean the bed was in
the fall.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-07-11

Does it pay for farmer to go into
truck farming? MA
Arlington.
II man is located near town or
city where he can readily dispose of
his truck. and has plenty of labor
that he can command at will, this
sort of farming is very profitable, but
If one must ship to the large markets
and compete with all the world, or
is restricted in labor supply. he would
be better off not to attenpt il
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-07-11

For Cucumber and squash Vine Bugs.
What is the best remedy for cucum-
Der, squash and pumpkin vine bugs .
Irvington. S. Nj. T.
For the striped cucumber beetle
dust the plants with one quart of
wood ashes, land plaster. air-sIaKeo
lime or road dust, in which has been
well stirred a tablespoonful of kero-
sene oil
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-07-11

Canada bluegrass, five pounds;
orchard grass, five pounds; tall rye
grass, five pounds; perennial rye
grass, twenty pounds; red top, thirty
five pounds, using forty to forty-five
pounds per acre. It will be better in
most cases to add to either of these
mixtures five pounds each of red
clover and timothy Now the field
the first year. which will give the
grass opportunity to become firmly
rooted. and it will not be injured by
pasturing as is likely to be the case
il stock is put on the first season.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-07-11

seasonabie Flowing for Oats.
Which is better for oats. spring or
fall blowing?
Morris Plains. M. s. F.
This will depend somewhat on the
soil. If it is heavy soil the fall
blowing Is to be preferred. The frost
will have some effect in loosening up
the soil, and the oats, which is a cold
weather plant. can be sown a good
bit earlier than where the blowing OF
such land is delayed until the spring.
This also applies to sod land, which
it seldom pays to SOW to oats unless
fall-plowed. With the lighter lands.
spring blowing is better
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-07-11

More FrOntaDfc mems.
Which hens are the more profitable,
large or small?
Newark III. A. F.
For farmer or poultryman
who has but a few fowls the
medium-sized bird is more profit
able than either the large or
small This medium size or general
purpose bird will produce an average
number of eggs, will hatch her eggs
and mature her young, and at the
end of the season will provide good
marketable carcass. The large fowl,
commonly known as the meat type
of bird, is less desirable, as 1t lays
fewer eggs it is more difficult to keep
and is not as good for Matching and
brooding purposes: neither does II
make as desirable a product for mar
keting purposes. A small breed. COM
monty known as the egg producing
breed, is especially desirable on spe-
cialized farms where large numbers
of birds are being kept. 1t Is ques-
ton in such cases as to whether the
medium or small sized breed is the
more desirable 1t is generally held
that the small-sized breed, commonly
represented by the Leghorns, is more
profitable under such conditions.
Small breeds do not hatch and brood
their young and are not as prontaple
for marketing purposes Their prin-
cipal point of merit is their ability
to produce a large number OF eggs on
a low consumption of food.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-07-11

Kerosene on the Coat of Horse.
Is it beneficial or harmless to the
coat of a horse to rub with kerosene
cloth2 p. T.,
East Orange.
The use of a small amount of kero-
sene on the coat of morse is of adj
vantage, since it has a stimulating
effect upon the pores CT the skin and
makes the coat more glossy.
More Profit in Calves or Pigss
In which is there greater profit.
raising calves or pigs2
Irvington. T. w.
II farrier has plenty Of skim milk
and the pigs can have some forage
plants, -ney will probably pay bet
ter return for the milk than any
stock on the farm, except poultry.
Nevertheless, if he wishes to main
tain his dairy at its best, 1t will be
necessary for him to raise his own
calves. Both have a place on we'll
regulated farm
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-07-11

Which is the better feed for poultry,
whole or cracked corn l.. r.
Newark.
Cracked corn is easier to digest, but
the difference will not pay for the ex-
pense of cracking the small varieties.