davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-12-26
DeceiNing the Enemy.

Referring To the practice of lecelving or
trying to deceive the enemy as one ct the
features Of strait Ky, the eyewitness says
Reports of an intended invasio' Of eng
land may he spread by the energy IN the
hope of causing dlslocation of plans II
which fun advantaEr can be lAIer Such
a course would be only In acc lraaace with
the action of the Geimans in lN1o, when
they spread abroad rumurS that there
were large concentrations Of their troops
in the BLACK Forest-wher' there We're
practically in order to induce tho
French to detain forccs In southern Alstc".
Misleading reports of this nature are
usually set in circulation by those in
terested and spread either by rhelr dupes,
honest people who are purpnsely allowed
to oVcrhear carefully arranged converse
tons held for their benefit: by means
of 'espiuns doubles. or agents In the pay
of both sides by common traitors willing
to sell their own nation, or 10y men work
ing periodically for their own country
who have an intimate acquaintance with
the en- my nation. As an example of this
may NE mentioned the presenc" at tho
capital of neutral country OF "A Ger
man officer who was for some years
stationed in London and has AN intimate
knowledge OF our naval, military. polit
cal and social life and has probably made
such deep study OF our national
psychology that he would he Well equipped
to play on our idiosyncraclcS,"
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-12-26
JEWS OF JAFFA IN DISTRESS.
Zionist Committee Confirms Report
Of Expulsion by Turks.

The Provisional Executive Committee
ior General Zionist Affairs has received Il
cablegram from Alexandria, dated De-
cember 20. confirming in part the report
of yesterday that Jews fleeing from Jaffa
had been subjected to violent treatment.
The facts as reported to the provisional
committee are as follows:
The offer OF the Turkish Government
TO Russian Jewish subjects to become
ottoman subjects without f0rmality was
accepted by a large number of Jews in
Palestine, but many of them. owing to the
.act ;hat they have property and their
antilles in Russia could not renounce their
russian allegiance. II is these Jews OF
Palestine who were ordered expelled by
he Ottoman Government. They mum
hered CSC men, women and children. They
Embarked at Jaffa on an Italian ship
Nound for Alexandria, but before leaving
Jaffa they were robbed and terroriZed
and arrived in Alexandria in an exhausted
condition, many families having been
separated in the confusion of embark
ment.'
The provisional committees correspond
ent states that the distress Of these cN-
patriates Is great and that relief must
lie sent at once, The Alexandra Jewish
community is not in a position to help
these families owing TO local economic
conditions. To relieve their distress f200
weekly will be required.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-12-26

apparent. The Straits of Otranto are forty
miles wide. On the eastern shore S The
Albanian port of Avlona. with a fine bay
and harb)r. In Italian hands Avlona COM
mands the neck of the Adrlatic and can
be made an Italian Gibraltar. III held by
Austria Avlona would be Il constant men
ace to Italy.
T.ia step taken by italy seems to be
decisive move in the extraordinary diplo-
matte game that has been played by
Austria and Italy for long time In
Albania. Austria placed on the throne
OF that artificial state Prince William of
Wied, william the First and Last" and
Italy promptly coun;ered by throwing her
influence TO Essad Pasha. the popular
hero of the Albanians. Essad drove the
Mpret from Ddrazzo and was publicly EN-
braced by the Italian Minister.
Fooled in her original plan and angered
by Essad's election to the provisional
Presidency OF Albania Austria instigated
the dsaffected Albanians. both Moslem
and Christian. to revolt and distributed
arms and ammunition to them. 1t IL this
revolt that Essad Pasha is attempting to
crush and to deal with which he Is as
sembling force in krojn.
In one sense the occupation of Avlona,
to the certain anger of Austria, IL particu-
larry significant. That is. that Italy should
have taken such an aggressive step at the
very time Germany was attempting to
placate Italian feeling by sending Prince
Won Buelow to Rome.
The situation in Albania is a maze of
religious and racial animosties. The
province is under six different and an
tagonistc tribes and sects. Scutari Is
governed by a local commission COM
posed of Nosems and Christians Avlona
Is under similar governmental body. In
upper Albania, the Merdtes Il Christian
sect, have formed "A separate state. The
Malissori tribes remain a patriarchal in
stitution. Greek invaders hold the south
ern districts Durazzo and the region
round about are under Essad Pasha. over
all. exercising a shadowy authority. IL the
Albanian Senate, which elected Essad as
provisional President.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-12-26

occupied. and we are now masters OF
M his first line of defence.
In the Argonne, in the Forest Of
La Grurie. at Bagatelle, Fontaine
Madame and st. Hubert we have re-
pulsed five attacks and strengthened
our front. Between the Argonne and
the Meuse, In spite Of the snow and
fog, we have made progress ON tho
Boureuillcs-Na front.
In the region of cuisy and tho For
est of FORCES our heavy artillery,
by suhduing tho batteries and ma
chine guns OF the enemy. has enabled
our infantry to take a step in adj
vance.
ON the right bank of the Meuse the
Germans have bombarded the south
corner Of thu Forest OF ConsenvoyC,
where We have established ourselves.
In the Forests of ALLY and Apre-
mont our artillery has forced the
enemy to cvaCuate several trenches
In the lower NosGes we have adj
vanced 10 within 1900 meters CAL
most l mile) of Grey, on the Nesouze
River.
In Russia, on the loft bank OF the
Nistula. the Germans have been
hurled back from one OF the positions
which they occupied on the right
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-12-26
Dr.. Ltebknecht Ordered
to Serve in Katser'S Army
German Government COntem-
plated Charge Of High Trea-
son Against Socialist.
no DISUNION IN FRANCE
Sn.c-al cnble D,spntch 10 TnE stH

Sptc'1l cable Despatch 10 TuL ST..
PANS. Dec. 25.-B'Humdnitc. the So
clalst organ. says tn German Govern
mont intends to discipline pr Kari I.ieb-
knecht. who recently voted against n
war appropriation in the RcichstaG and
xho some time ago. after 4 Welt to Bel
GUM. said the outrages pegpetrated by
German troops in that country were not
realized In Germany. The Government; Of
Germany feared that an accusation OF
high treason would be too dangerous at
the present moment. and therefore DR..
l.iebknccht was simply oNiered 10 join his
regiment. He ~ ~ years of ag'.
The French Soc alsts have issued a
fresh declaration in which they EXPIRE. /,
confidence IN he Governm mt after tivr
months Of war, saying their faith has not
been shaken. Everything, the statement
says. confirms tho justice OF Frances
cause.
The declaration says doub,s are be-
ginning 20 arise among the German So
cialists. Some OF these are asking whether
the unity Of &c many FOR her place in
ths sun ought to be Identified with the
domination OF the Junkers and the am
billions OF the Hohenzollerns.
The manifesto admits that restrictions
due TO military necessities may hamper
the right of criticism o. those who have
been modified The families Of those
out of work may be the victims OF the
strife between the classes and corrupt
capitalism and bureaucracy may strive to
re.ssert themselves, but such difficulties
will bo overcome. The manifesto con-
tnucs:
THE struggle is difficult. it may be long.
II is war the effect of which is most ex-
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-12-26
CANADA FEARS NO BORDER RAID.
Cutlery Against German "Spies" Has
Also subsidized.

OTTAWA, Dec. 25.--Fear Of German
raid upon Canada from across the border
has been pretty we'll allay"d. This Is
largely due to the assurances of the Gov
eminent that there was nothing TO fear
and to the extra precautions which were
taken in the various communities where
raids We're thought likely. Home guards
in the chief ontario cities are now thor
ouRhIy armed and well drilled. stories Of
elaborate preparations at Buffalo and else
where for German invasion Of Canada
were carefully Investigated by the Domin-
ION secret service and found to be without
foundation.
The cutlery against the Spy menace"
has also largely subsidized 1t is believed
that the great majority of the would-be
trouble makers have been rounded up. In
Fort Henry at Kingston there are over
500 prisoners, mostly Germans They are
mainly employed in building roads and are
heavily guarded.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-12-26
FRENCH FOUND INSULTING.
Spscia, Gable Despatch 10 The Sun.

BERS. via Paris. Dec 25.-The Frank
jrrtcl /eitung discusses the French gov
ornamental declaration of war 20 the end
syithout mercy" in an article headed ~ n
Insulting French Manifesto" ana asks
how Il Is possible to carry on a discussion
with an adversary who calls "the collec-
tive pillages of this terrible war which
have been imposed upon " ANA OF which
our blood and property form ne stake .
system Of murderrg,
"The French Government has placed IT.
self IN "A position in which IL will forever
be impossible TO negotiate with it, the
articl. goes on AT the same time It has
stifled our feeling of sympathy for the
French people. who assuredly have shown
some nobleness"
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-12-26
QUIET In FLANDERS,
Is GERMAN MESSAGE
Further Part Of British In
trcnchmcntS Taken. .tc-
cording to Report.

AMSTERDAM. Dec 25.-An official com
issued by the German Arm.
Headquarters to-day says:
IN Flanders yesterday things were
generally quiet. To the east of St.
Hubert n further part Of the British
intrenchments was taken.
Near Chivy, to the northeast OF
Nailly. our troops surprised a hostile
company. which had taken up a posi-
tion In front OF ours and captured i72
FrenChmcu. In attempting to recap
ture this position the enemy suffered
severe losses.
French attacks near Souain and
perthcs, as well as minor attacks to
the northwest OF Nerdun and west OF
Apremont, We're repulsed.
'In the eastern theatre OF the war
the situation was unchanged"
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-12-26
NOT SEEKING
PEACE, SAYS DUMBA
AustrO Hungarian Ambassador
Repudiates RumOr of
Negotiations.

WAsHINGroN, Dec. 25.-The crcum-
stantlal reports OF the last few days at
tributed to financial circles" alleging
that Austria Hungary was ready to sue
for peace are emphatlcally repudiated
in n statement issued here tonight by
Baron Dumba, the Austro- HUNGARIAN
Ambassador.
The Ambassador declares that not only
her treaty alliances with Germany but
also her own honor and self-!ntcres;
prevent Austria-Hungary from breaking
from her ally and seeking now To make
a separate peace for herself. The AM
bassador declares that the wish Is father
to the thought in those responsible for
these reports, particularly with refer
ence to the statement that Galicla is
TO be coded to Russia and Bosnia TO
Servia.
Here IL the Ambassadors statement
The Paris press spreads from time to
time news OF Austria-Hungary or Hun
gary alone being tired OF the war and
longing fer peace. The latest report IN
a Washington paper alleges that Austria
has made unoffi:ial peace over;ures TO the
Allies through Vienna bankers on the
basis OF the cession OF ,aiicia TO Russia,
and Bosnia to Servia.
1.-THE Austro-iiungaran Ambassador
wishes to contradict these rumors as alb
solutey unfounded and misleading to
public opinion in the United States.
without speaking of the article Of the
treaty of the dual alliance OF 1879. ac-
cording to which Germany and Austria
Hungary engage themselves to support
each other with their whole armies agains:
Russia and to conclude peace only con-
Jointly, every consideration Of honor and
self-lnterest prevents Austria Hungary
from breaking from her ally and entering
into negotiations for a separate peace.
THE cession Of Galicia and Bosnia
could only be agreed upon after crush
ing defeat of the dual monarchy, an
eventuality which happily does not CORE
spond to tho actual situation on the battle
fields. 1t is not improbable that with the
authors of these rumors the wish is father
Ia, 80
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-12-26
RUSSIA CEDES SAKHALIN.
japan Gets Island In ENchanuc for
Guns. B-rlin Hears.

EEi:ii::. De-. - ;I,- ~,ioi,ss 10 Say
willie. " YD--Among the Items given out
by the official press bureau to-day is tine
following:
Copenhagen reports that Russia has
ceded its portion OF the Sakhalin Island 20
Japan In exchange for heavy guns
,Sakhalin lies east Of Asia and is sepa-
rated from the ma 'nland by the Gulf OF
Tartary. The island was officially Rus
sian until September, 1898. by the terms
of the treaty of Portsm II, y. IL, the
southern half was coded to Japan. Its
area IL estimated at 2s.4oo square miles }"
"Constant!uople says an English cruiser
endeavorei to enter the Gulf of Akabah
(the eastern horn OF tho Red Sea-, but
was forced to withdraw"
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-12-26
AUSTRIAN CHIEF OF STAFF ADMITS
ITALIAN FRONTIER is FOR Titled
Says Servia Is Eliminated
From Present Military
Operations.


BUDAPEST. December 20.
~ ARON CONRAD Won HOET-
r. ZENDORF. chief Of the Gem
eral Staff of the Austrian
army, in an Interview published to-
day in the newspaper Ascst, prac-
tically admits that the defeat of the
Austrian army which invaded Servla
has resulted In the elimination IF
Servia from the theatre of opera
tons.
Baron Conrad Won Hoetzendorf said:
$50 far as Austria Is concerned the
principal theatre Of war at present Il
Poland and Galicia. where the Austro-
German forces arc concentrating all
their available forces against the Rus
SLAMS. Servia IL u secondary consid.
GRAFTON which can be attended TO later.r
When he was questioned about re-
ports that Italian soldiers serving In
the Austrian army tbecause they
were born in the "unredeemed"
provinces) were placed I'm the front
rank of the fighting forces and that
many Austrians of Italian origin in
Trieste and the Trentino had been
executed for anti senti-
ments. Baron Conrad Won Hoetzen-
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-12-26
BERNsTORFF REPLY NOT MADE.
plagiarism Charge Unanswered by
German Am IN ssndOr.

Ambassador Won Berns,ortt was not IN
Washington sterday, it being given out
~ tho German Embassy that he would
not return there until Monday, 80 ~
effort to got reply from him on the
imputa ION of plagiarism made by IA
writer in the Nation, printed in THE SUN
vest rday, was unavaillng,
Il was said at the lHtz-'arlton Hotel
that neither Count Won Belnsiorff nor
p. Bernard Dcrnburg were there last
night
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-12-26
ITALY TO GET COPPER
SEIZED IN HER SHIPS
Government Gives Pledge That
Metal CargOcs Will Not
Be Reeyported.

ROME. Dec 25.-The question between
England and France on one side and
italy on the other in regard to the Inn
portation Of copper into Italy has been
settled. England and France have given
assurances to the Italian Government
that cargoes of copper in Italian steam
ships, principally from the United states.
which have been held as contraband Of
war, will he released, and Italy in re-
turn pledges herself TO prevent the re-
expectation OF the copper.
The British authorities at Gibraltar
and elsewhere have held up number OF
Italian steamships with copper cIrgoes
on the suspicion that some OF the in
creased supply of the metal reaching
Italy was being forwarded To Germany
and Austria
It is stated now that Italy needs all
the available supplies OF copper for her
home industries.
THE SUNS Rome correspondent told
some time ago Of shipping company
organized by Austrians n; Mestre, near
Venice. This company chartered six ships
- .aLe over tho cargoes of German and
Austrian ships which did not dare TO con-
tinue their Journeys to Austrian ports be-
cause of the presence of French and Brit
ish war vessels in the Mediterranean and
Adriatic. The cargoes, transshipped TO
the Italian ships, were taken to Venice
and there trnnsshpped second lime 20
steamers which took them on to Trieste
and other Austrian ports.
ON October II n French cruiser stopped
and finally seized an Italian steamship off
the coast of Calabria. The Italian steam
ship, which was bound for Venice, had on
hoard cargo which had been trans
shipped from an Austrian vessel at AL
meria. The steamship is now held at
Biserta awaiting the decision OF prize
court
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-12-26
URGES SWISS AS MEDIATORS.

PARIS, Dec EN-. Eyschcn. Minister
of state OF Luxemburg has asked swiss
mediation between France and Germany,
according to a statement of the Bern cor
respondent of the Pcfit Porisien. The Lux
emburg Minister, the correspondent says
had previously made similar proposal
at The Hague hut his suggestions got no
from the Dutch Govern
ment.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-12-26
WANT NO HEAD AFTER CAIILAUX
Radical Party VIII Abolish Once
of President.

PARIS. Dec. est is reported that a
committee of the Radical party has de-
Cided to abolish the office of president Of
the party, which is now held by Joseph
CaillauX. ex-Minister OF Finance, whose
wife killed CASTOR Calmette, editor of the
Figaro.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-12-26

NJ. Caillaux was appointed general pay
master of the French army at the OPEN
ing of the war. on November 10 he and
his wife sailed for Brazil Their sailing
was accompanied by much secrecy. Later
reports said that VI. Callaux's trip was
undertaken to purchase raw materials ana
foodstuf for France.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-12-26
JOAN'S KINSMAN VALOROUS.

Npeull 'lLi Dssoatch Ia TnE suN.
PARIS. Dec, 95.--Major de Haldat du
Lys, who Is said TO be a kinsman OF
loan uf Are iS mentioned In the order
~ tine day for vtlor and disdain of dan
Ger al the front.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-12-26
DUTCH LOAN SllO,0O0,OOO.
New Issue VIII Herr Interest at .
Per Cent.

SDccidl cable Dcspdfch 10 TUE SUN-
I.oNpoN, Dec. 25.-A Rotterdam des-
patch 10 the Daily Mai says the new
Dutch loan has been fixed at 275.000.0O0
guldcn ,sllO.000, 0O0) II will bear in
terest at per cent. II is intimated that
II the loan is not subscribed TO fully, an
obligatory loan OF per cent. will hc is
a,ial
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-12-26
EMPEROR NOT ILL, SAYS VIENNA.
Report That Francis Joseph Was
Ncnr Death IL Denied.

LoNpoN. Dec 25.-R,uter's correspond
ent at Vienna, tclegraphng by way IL
amsterdam. says that Emperor Francis
Joseph is In excellent health and that no
is spending Christmas with his family at
Schoenbrunn Castle
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-12-26

The above Is in direct contradiction to
persistent rumors current in Rome and
cablcd on December % that the Austrian
Emperor was dying. Thrs" reports said
that the Pope had been asked TO send his
blessing to the SOVEREIGN and that the
Kaiser had been summoned To the bed
side OF his ally
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-12-26

"0PEN Air to Every
~ where means more
now than ever, for you
can 60 by Bus every few
minutes from
Washington Square the Harlem River
via Seventh Avenue, the great boulevard
of Harlem
And skirting Morningside Heights past
the College of the City Of New York up
ST. Nicholas Avenue nearly to the historic
Jumel Mansion
And along Cathedral Parkway, passing
the Cathedral of St. John the Divine and
ST. Luke's Hospital, to and up Riverside
Drive.
So, you see the pleasant
est means of transportation
in the city is better suited
to your convenience
Take advantage of it
Take a BUS.
Fifth Avenue Coach Company
road Street east Of Fifth Avenue
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-12-26
Explore Gruesomc Area.

When darkness falls with infinite eau
tion an occasional patrol OF solitary
SHIPPER may explore this gruesome area.
crawling among the debris over dead
bodies and ia Inequalities Of ground
until some point OF vantage Il gated
whence the cnemy's position can Toe eN-
amined or good shot obtained.
"on the 9th side of this zone II
unburied dead brtstles "A similar fringe
81 wi'e and a long succession OF low
mounds and parapets Of the enemys no.
sition. Woe bctide tn man VINO In day
light puts up his head careleSsly and
takes long glance at IT,
The eye witness says reconnaissance by
aeruplanc or otherwise is the most direct
and probably the quickest way OF obtain
ing news of the enemy. but the Us" ~
spies Is still most to re relied upon Ia
modern warfare. lie divides the methods
Of obtaining Information of the enemy's
plans or movements into three groups.
They arr, broadly" he says. recon
rossance, whether It be by cavalry, In
ftntry. or both 10y motor cycle or air
craft the employment of spies or, as they
are more pleasantly called, agents and
the collection of such information as can
be gained from an inspection of the uni
forms worn by the dead or by prisoners
and from the papers carried by oI the
cross-eXamnation OF ;he latter.
The employment or agents ~ on ON-
casiun tn. most Wholesale way IN which
int lligencc can lie gained. and at is
best it furnishes "A hroIAcr basis upon
which 20 build than the others. The
work OF such ~ rsuns do 5 not always
i PEND on the accuracy OF vision Of
an individual. which is "A vory variabl"
quality. bu, is often established ON
statements Of facts produced win the
greatest OF care by tn enemy for his own
use"
since the composition Of tho larger
formations of all armies IS known. IA
is possible, except IN those eases wherc
sweeping changes are made during n
war. to extract vital Information from
the connection OF even n single soldier
killed or captured nj a certain spot with
n certain battalion. The result OF ascer-
tanning that this battalion was At thtt
point at given time may al to IN"
first suspicion that a much larger for
nation to which the battalion belongs
ia not somewhere else where its presence
has been assumed.
THE possible Significance OF the results
of such a discovery when corroborated is
obvious. This explains why the identihca-
tion OF units with localities by means OF
accoutrements badges. &c, takes so much
~ the time of certain bureaus in nj
armies NJ It has been fippantly but by
no means inaccur1tely expressed, an in'
portant part OF the duty 81 a great G'n'
oral Stan Is that of CONSTITUTING army
corps out of shoulder straps"