davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-08-09

the beginning OF oul Ha-
~ tional life, so it is now. war IN
~ which we have direct interest,
N among powers with all Of which we
have been and desire 10 remain friendly, has a
most seriously disturbing effect upon our COM
mercial relations. 1t is not likely, might say
that it is not possible, that the disturbance will
he carried as far or be as malign as in Napole-
onic times. There will be Milan and Berlin
DEGREES and orders in council. There will be
no occasion for US to take up arms to maintain
our rights. There will be no embargo. But, IN
other respects this occasion may prove TO be
as important as that other.
1t blazes before the nations eyes, in char
acters that burn and that should convince, three
tremendous facts:
The need of an American navy commensurate
with the magnitude and the extended distribu-
ton bf Our commercial and social interests;
The need of a mercantile marine adequate to
the transportation of our own passengers mails
and merchandise; and
The UNIQUE and unrivalled opportunity which
is now not merely presented but actually urged
and forced upon US 10 repair in single enter
prising act the neglect Of generation, and to
make the American flag first in peace as well
as in war on all the high seas of the world.
The first act Of the war; actually anticipating the
formal declaration Of belligerence, was the large
spspension Of Atlantic traffic by several of the
chief European powers. The instantaneous re-
suit was worldwide in its distressing effects,
but was felt in America and among Americans
here and elsewhere more than by all the rest
Of the world. The mails were interrupted, trade
was suspended, travel forbidden, and thou
sands Of Americans found themselves marooned
in distant lands. They will be brought home,
Of course, after they have suffered much delay,
loss and distress. The mails may also be car
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-08-09
THE RIGHT OF NEUTRALS TO TRADE WITH
BELLIGERENTS.

Now. subject to these rules concerning contra
band, it is universally conceded that neutrals have
an indsputabe right to trade with bellgerents.
The only denial Of that right in modern times
was during the Napoleonic war, when both Eng
land and France were desperate that they dis
regarded all laws which hampered them or which
gave comfort to their adversary. II viii not again
be denied, unless to some country which is too
weak to maj tain IT, But in order to enjoy it
country must have mercantile marine Of its own,
and that is precisely why the United States is in
an unfortunate condition at the present time.
The total tonnage Of American shipping is in
deed large; perhaps the second largest in the
world. But the major part Of it is on the Great
Lakes and in purely coastwse traffic. In foreign
trade our total steam tonnage is pifully small in
comparison with that OF other countries Th"s'
-a.is..
United StAtcl w., H'
United hhsdom ~ ~ ="
Germany 11'"oio
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-08-09
VARIANCE IN PROPERTY RIGHTS ON LAND
AND SEA.

The basic fault lies, of course, in the persist
ence of the European powers in maintaining the
old discrimination between property rights on
land and at in time of war. On land private
property, industry and trade. if not contraband
are respected and not interfered with. But at
sea they are fair game for belligerent seizure
From the earliest times, and consistently and
persistently down to the present day. the United
States has contended for the enlightened and
humane rule that private property at sea should
be exempt from seizure just as on land. That
was the contention of Franklin in Revolutionary
days and that was an American contention only
the other day in the Hague conference. But the
European powers have never agreed to II, and
it therefore remains nothing more than a pious
aspiration.
The exemption Of our commerce, if we had any.
would therefore depend upon the principles OF
neutrality and neutras' rights, Of which also we
have for a century and third been the foremost
protagonists The first important enunciation Of
neutral rights originated with Frederick the Great
OF Prussia, and later was made through the
mouthpiece Of the Russian government in the first
armed neutrality, but IL did not technically APP
pear in international law until the Declaration %;
Paris, in 1856 That memorable declaration, by
which all European powers are supposed to be
bound to-day was follows;
l. Privateering is and remains abolished.
.. The neutral flag covers enemy's goods, with
the exception Of contrabard Of war
3. Neutral goods, with the exception Of con
traband of war; are not liable TO capture under
the enemy's flag
(. Blockade in order to be binding must be
effective.
Now, the United States did not at that time sub
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-08-09
2FRs OF AIoALANDeRS ALDeR,SHOT AFf1N SPORTS

are most eloquent Let us begin by observing
that we have in New York the greatest port in
the world reckoned by value of trade; and that
Of the other four first class ports, one is Ger
man, two are English and one is Belgian-all four
very directly affected by the war. Here are the
figures of their last years commerce.
New 81 966 25s6l7
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-08-09

The natural consequence of these conditions is
seen in the small figure which American vessels
nrcsent in the commerce of our own ports. In
1913 the total clearances of American steam yes
sells in foreign trade from our own seaports were
152O697 and of foreign vessels 3l22l,l $50. The
eloarances of shipping from our ports under the
flags of the actual and potential belligerents in
the present war were as follows:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-08-09

This is a stupendous volume of trade, either
for us to enjoy in peace or for us to have inter
fered with, impaired and demoralized in war.
There is, of course, a certain proportion OF 1t
which would have to be suspended, as contraband
of war. But there is larger proportion which
is not subject to such stoppage, but which should
proceed undsturbed and would doubtless do 50
il it carried in our own vessels. But be-
cause we have so pitfully small a merchant
marine of our own, and are therefore dependent
upon foreign shipping for the transportation OF
our own merchandise. that commerce regardless
of its contraband or non-contraband character is
likely to suffer serious and almost ruinous losses.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-08-09
CatacIySn1ic Struggle in Europe Emphasizes
Americas Need of Craft to Garry TRAIT
fc Over the Seven Seas and of
Proportionately Larger Navy.

red, with much delay. The interference with
commerce cannot be so readily or so fully
abated But the major part of the trouble would
not have occurred at all if the American mer-
camille marine had been commensurate with the
requirements of our travel and trade.
Statistics are sometimes dull. Sometimes they
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-08-09

A list of the great steamship companies Of the
world. arranged in order of total tonnage shows
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-08-09

These are the five first class ports. No other IN
the world reaches the bilion-dollar mark. Now
let us see what are our imports from and our
exports to the principal countries which are or
arc 1ikeIv IA no involved i'm this war:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-08-09
eEetnAn EMPEROR 1913 INFANTRY on THE MARCH
Rc5 sv/A"TS""

scribe to that declaration. 1t was willing to do
so with the exception of the first provision. See
ing that it had a comparatively small navy and
an enormous mercantile marine, it very logically
argued that it would be at great disadvantage IL
case of war It's antagonist, with far larger
navy, could rayage its commerce at WILL while
this country could not retaliate by commissioning
its merchant vessels to act &C privateers.
Exempt private property at sea from capture
said the United States, "and we will agree to the
prohibition of privateering and will sign your
declaration"
mo" said Europe, "we want the privilege OF
loctng your commerce if ever we fight you"
SO America did not become party to that dec
loration then, and was not permitted to enjoy its
benefits in 1861, when it wanted to do so in order
to preclude European recognition Of Confederate
privateers. As a result our mercantile marine
then vanished from the high and has never
been restored. However, in 1898 we announced
our adherence to all the provisions of the dec
laration. and that instrument is now recognized
International law.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-08-09
THE QUESTION OF C0NTRABAND, AS
SETTLED IN 1909.


and this was pretty explicitly answered in the
Declaration of London, in 1909, to which this
country and all the important European powers
we're parties. The major part of that declaration
is about blockades, but the last few sections de-
fine contraband. All goods are divided into three
classes, thus:
l. Absolute contraband such and am
munitions; goods which for use solely and ex-
cusively in war or for warlike purposes
3 Conditional contraband; goods which may be
used for either warlike peaceful purposes. This
is the most important class of all, since it in
cludes breadstuTs, meats, forage and all food
stuffs for either men horses clothing, specie
and paper money, fuel, lubricants, uminants,
etc Whether these are to be regarded contra
band or not depends partly upon their destination
and partly upon the use to which 1t be proved
they are to be put. But in the vast majority of
cases they will be regarded as contraband. OBJ
viously food, clothing, fuel etc, intended for the
use OF an army would be contraband The same
things intended for the use of non-combatants
would. on the face Of the case seem to be
contraband. But it would probably be shown that
they were being sent to non-combatants in order
that the natural supplies of the latter might be
sent to the army, and in that they would be
regarded as contrsband.
g. Absolutely non-contraband; goods which are
not susceptible of being used for warike pur-
ments. tools and machinery for the peaceful arts
and industries and articles for the Of women
and children
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-08-09

<UF ENGLAND fights with Russia against
~ Germany it will put an end to all peace
prospects for centuries to come, no mat
ter who may win. Germans never will for
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-08-09
BY WILLIS FLETCHER JOHNSON.

il was in the beginning of our ma
\ tional life, so it is now. war in
which we have no direct interest,
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-08-09
By RUTLEDGE RUTHERFORD,
Editor of National Food Magazine.

READY the famine scare has seized
parts Of Germany and England. France,
too, remembering the days of 1871,
when meat sold at $50 a pound, is feel
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-05-27
PERSONAL

Mrs. Mary W. r'reiley Is very i'll at the home of her son, the Rev K, N Archibald, 1908 Tuscaloosa avenue.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-05-27
Trade In Birmingham

The city commissioners of Birming ham have issued proclamation calling on the people of Birmingham to do their trading with Birmingham institutions: the Commercial club is also calling upon the people of Birmingham to Trade in Birmingham; the Board of Trade has joined in the general chorus if indeed the Board of Trade did not begin it. Trading in Birmingham does not consist of buying clothes In Birmins ham exclusively, or the purchasing in Birmingham items from our industrial plants, but more particularly ought to include the purchasing of such things as insurance from Birmingham con cerns.
 The Protective Life insurance in an other column in today's paper asks that the people of Birmingham consider the Protective Life in placing it's insurance. The company explains what 1t is gath ering here to lend: that it cannot bor- row, that therefore, it Is one institu- tion in Birmingham, the growth of which is of large consequence to the city It asks that 1t may at least be allowed to compete for business in the city of Birmingham, and furnishes in the advertisement alluded to a eompara- tive statement of it's affairs for three years.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-05-27
PRINTERS ELECT
 OFFICERS TODAY
Much Interest Here in Result of Con- tests for Delegates to the
 Annual Convention

Union printers throughout North Amer ica and the national possessions are to- day voting for officers of their interna- tional organization, who are elected by popular vote of the membership.
 Delegates are also being elected to the annual convention of the International union, which meets in August next at Providence, R. l. Considerable interest is felt by the 200 local printers in this con- test, which is being staged between c. l.. Bailey, F.. R. Calhoun, N. F. Cornett and T. T. Mock. Two are to be elected For alternates J. E. Carson, R. H. White and c. E. zealey are campaigning.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-05-27
GIVE PLAY TONIGHT
 AT HIGH SCHOOL

The Dramatic club of the Central High school will present Shakespeare 8 Midsummer Nights Dream at the high school auditorium tonight at s:lo o'clock. The production will be under the direction of Miss Marguerite Wea- yer, head of the expression depart ment.
 The plays presented annually by the students of the high school have all ways been up to high standard and have been marked by careful atten- ton to detail. Rehearsals have been
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-05-27
ELECTION IN THIRD
 OFFICIALLY CALLED
 BY HE GOVERNOR
In Proclamation Designates Monday, June 29, as Date for Choosing Claytons
 Successor

Montgomery, May 26.-lSpecia1.) )-The governor of Alabama today. by official proclamation, designated Monday. June 2s. as the date of the special election in the third congressional district, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Rep resentative Henry D. Clayton, newly ap- pointed United States judge for the north ern and middle district of Alabama.
 The governor ordered that writs of elec- tion be issued to the sheriffs of Barbour. Bullock, Coffee, Dale. Geneva, Henry, Houston, Lee and Russell counties, com prsing the Third district. directing them 10 hold the special election. The gov ernor yesterday signified his intention of calling a special election in the Third district for June 29 though he did not issue his proclamation until today.
 Indications are that there will be only
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-05-27

one candidate for the short term. J. ]. Speight of Eufaula. secretary to MT. Clay ton. Oscar Mulkey of Geneva had been prominently mentioned as a candidate for the short term, but MT. Mulkey is said to have declared that he would not be a candidate.
 With only one aspirant for the short term, the democratic executive committee of the Third district, when it meets here next Thursday. June 1. to arrange for the election will probably declare MT. Speignt the nominee of the party. and ask that he be elected in the special election ordered by the governor. & B. Rainer of Union Springs is chairman of the committed
 The candidates for the long term are Judge A A Evans of Barbour. Col. Sid- ney Frazier of Union Springs and Henry B. Steagall of Ozark.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-05-27

Conferring of NJ D. degrees and pres-
 entation of Diplomas. Dr. l.. C. Morris, dean. Music Because It's You
 Charge to the graduating class in dent istry, Dr. Charles A. Merrill, dean. Conferring D. D. s. degrees and presen- tation of diplomas to graduates in dent istry, Dr. Charles A. Merrill. dean Music. Some Baby Charge to the graduating class in phar-
 macy and pharmaceutical chemistry, Dr. A. R. Bliss. Jr. | Music selection. I Conferring degrees of Ph. G.. Ph. Ch., 1 B. S and Phar. D., and presentation of l diplomas to graduates in pharmacy and l chemistry, Dr. l.. C. Morris. dean. l Music selection. l Benediction, the Rev. J. A. Bryan. ! Music. selection.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-05-27

The twentieth annual commencement exercises of the Birmingham Medical col lege will be held tonight, beginning at SIS o'clock at the Jefferson theatre. degrees tonight at the hands or pr. l.. U. Morris, dean. Dr. H. $. Ward will charge the medical graduates, Dr. Charles A. Merrill will charge the dental graduates and Dr. A. R. Bliss, Jr., will charge the graduating class in pharmacy and phar- maceutical chemistry.
 The first of the commencement events was held last night in the form of ban auet at the Hotel Hillman. Sterling A. Wood acted as toastmaster and called upon several speakers. Isadore Shapiro
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-05-27
ENSLEY LODGE TO
 HAVE PAGES NIGHT

Steel City lodge No. 19o, Knights of Pythias, has decided to hold a pages night at which 1t expects to have at least 90 candidates for initiation. The candidates will be known as the ''I4. G. Waldrop class in compliment to the present grand chancellor of the state. who was former member of Steel
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-05-27

are that Deputy Adair went to the resi- dence of Tuck to place him under ar rest. According to the account given by the deputy it appears that Tuck asked to be allowed to eat his supper and when the deputy was not looking ran out of the door Deputy Adair ran after Tuck and got him. A struggle ensued in which Tuck was shot.
 Long distance telephone conversations with Jasper last night established the fact that as yet Deputy Sheriff Adair had not been arrested
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-05-27
TUCK IS KILLED BY
 WALKER DEPUTY

A report reached Birmingham yesterday morning that Will Tuck, a farmer. who lives at Sellers. near West Sayre, was shot and killed Monday night on the coun- ty line near Dora. The shooting is all legged to have been done by Clark Adair, a Walker county deputy sheriff
 The meagre accounts of the shooting
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-05-27

spoke on Ideal Birmingham:'' Dr. ]. S. McLesters topic was "Alabama's Posi- ton in Medical Education Dr. F. L. Chenault took for his subject "Birming- ham: The Logical Medical Center of Ala bama." Dr. A. F. Toole spoke on Bugs and Dr. R. F. Loveladys subject was Our Duty to Alma Mater"
 Following the banquet the annual exec utive session of the Alumni association was held.
 The programme for tonight follows:
 March. This Is the Life
 Invocation, the Rev. Middleton Barn. we'll
 Music. "Rigoletto."
 Commencement address. pr l.. s. Hill
 Music. Adele.
 Charge to the graduating class in med- icine. Dr. H. s. Ward.
 Music. Tt Happened in Nordelands'
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-05-27

tin progress for the past several months and at the dress rehearsal last night the players were letter perfect in their parts.
 Tomorrow morning the class eXer- cises will be held and the students will read ther graduation papers and the president will make his address. To- morrow night the diplomas will be pre- scented and the annual reception given by the board of education to the grad uates will be given in the gymnasium
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-05-27

City lodge. All the lodges Tn the district will be invited to ioin with Steel City lodge in the presentation of pages night The committee in charge win announce the details In few days.
The Dickinson press., 1914-04-04
A Sunset In ScorIano.

1t was a sunset Of strange tints that
evening, a background of clouds of
deep violet tipped: with crimson. The
sky, Of the very. palest blue, had been
turned by the brightness Of the sun
into a lake Of silver, in which foated
small 1eecy cloudlets Of brilliant rose
pink, like islets floating in a crystal
sea. The rays Of the sun behind the
purple clouds threw long shafts of
dazzling brightness, which tipped the
dark background with silver as the SUN
kisses the petals Of a daisy. Every
peak in the long range of mountains
on the west was rose tipped, but the
highest Of them all lowered clear and
cone shaped in the distance, glistening
in a shimmering mantle Of silver and.
pale blue, as if the sky had wrapped it
round its own c%erulean color.-"A Gar
den of Spices" by A. Keith Fraser.
The Dickinson press., 1914-04-04
RANCH AND FARM

Wanted-A registered Hereford
Bull. G. II. Foster, Belfield, N. b. ct
For sale-Jersey bull is months old.
Joseph Pazoureb. S miles west, " mile
north Of Dickinson.-adv. 3-2S-3t
"a A. L. Foster, one Of the prominent
farmers near Belfield, sold a two year
old mare to a Beach party for $3.50.
The mare was a very high grade Per-
cheon. q, =.
For sale-Four pure bred Perche-
ron stations and one standard bred
pacing driving horse with fast rec
ord. n. B.. Schaffner, Marshall, N.
D.-adv. = 4-4-4t
P. H. Rumble has been studying the
wool situation the past few months
and is of the opinion that prices will
average about the same as in 1918.
He will represent J. Bateman Co. this
season as in former years.
TO LEASE-Tract of land known as
the MoGillivray ranch. consisting of IA
sections. located in Billings County.
N. Dakota. Good grass and plenty of
good water. All fenced. Address P.
o. Box 1924, Grundy Center, Iowa.-adv.
3-21-3p
The Eddie Cuskelly case was up
again the first of the week, Tom
Christensen complaining witness.
The charge was killing a steer be-
longing to A. G. Elfstrom. This
was the second action started in the
case and like the first it was dis
missed on grounds of some technical
ity. The third arrest va made and
the hearing is set for April 21st at
Manning. Defendant claims that he
killed the Elfstrom steer by mistake.
T. F. Murtha of Dickinson is attor-
ney for Mr.. Cuskelly.
Mott, March Both. George Buch-
fink, supposed to be in the employ
of the government, and who has been
here for several days buying horses,
shipped a carload by express today.
They were shipped via the Milwaukee
road and are destined for Hudson, N.
Y. There were 81 in the carload.
Upon reaching the main line at Nc
Laughlin they will be attached to the
Olympian express, and rushed as fast
as possible. reaching Chicago 81
hours after leaving Mott. After
resting a few hours in Chicago they
will be routed over the Pennsylvania
road by fast express to Hudson, ar
irving at their destination, which is
1000 miles, within 81 hours from the
time they left Mott. The horses
weigh from 1,4O0 to 1900 pounds,
and the price paid was from 5000
to $3.50. George Helming, cashier
of the State Bank, did the selecting.
All were inspected and passed be-
fore leaving. It is thought that
they are intended for use in war,and
the rush isEtaken7 to mean that the
government is in a hurry to get them
into service. -.
The Dickinson press., 1914-04-04
Sure Indications
of Lumq Trouble

Among the indications of threatened
Lung Trouble are a, continued cough,
fever and night sweats. A Change of ell
mate often helps, but it seems that some
thing more is needed to stop the cough
and sweats and arrest the progress of dis
ease. Eckman's Alternative, after many
years of use, is known to be most bene-
fetal in bringing about relief; in many
cases complete recoveries: Investigate
this CaSe:- Schell City, MO-.
"Gentlemen: I had a terrible cough,
night sweats and pleurisy in my lungs;
A man who heard me coughing ADVISED
M to take your Alternative. paid no
attention to him then. l got so bad
the doctor said l. should go to Wyoming.
I did, and when I got there. I steadily
grew worse. Then 1 remembered what
had been told me about your medicine.
l began taking it, with no faith what
ever, but before I had taken three
bottles, I could eat anything. Fever and
night-sweats stopped and for over q year
/ have been well and In better health
than I ever was"
(Af6davit). w. +. BOMAk.
(Above abbreviated: more on request.)
Eckman's Alternative has been proven by
many years test to be most sefheac1ous
for severe Throat and Lung Affections,
Bronchitis, Bronchial Asthma. Stubborn
Colds and in upbuilding the system.
Contains no narcotics, poisons. or habit
Forming drugs. Ask for booklet telling
of recoyeries. and write to Eckman
Laboratory, Philadelphia, Pa. for evil
dence. For sale by all leading druggists
~ 49, -,Er 4L.7s,sr., 5s~v.,,: trt .-.. -. ..--.S -.