The Alaska daily empire., 1914-08-26
HOW GERMANY GOT
 PROVINCE OF KIAoCHoU
cRy Gertrude E. Mallette.l

the Chinese Empire, located on the. south coast of the province of shan tung on the bay of Iliaochou. At one time this city was very important as trade center. but the bay became clogged with silt carried down by the i've streams which empty into 1t, This bay of Chaocbou measures fifteen miles each way, and the harbor of Tsingtao, at the extreme end of the peninsula of Lao-shan which forms one side of the bay, is the best harbor on the coast.
 The City of Kiaocnou and It's ex' tensive group of suburbs, all within one wall, became German property in rather an unusual way. Two German missionaries were murdered by Chin csc on November 14, 1897, and Kiao, chou, the scene of the tragedy, was seized by a German fleet as a result Negotiations followed which culmin. ated in Germany's securing 9O-year lease covering the two hundred square miles of the Kiaochou domain. In 1898 1t was declared protectorate of Germany, Tsing-tao was made a free port and by agreement with the Chin. csc government the custom house is managed by the Chinese Imperial Maritime Customs.
 When the Germans took possession of the protectorate they bought out the Chinese merchants and made the port of Tsing.tao the foreign settle ment and capital of the zone. Strange ly at a variance with the old native idea, fine wide streets have been made, electric lighting, telephone systems and waterworks have been installed, European houses constructed, and a railway has been built connecting the capital with Wei-hien, which is locat- ed in the center of large and yalu. able coal district
 The administration of the colony is | to certain extent autonomous. At the head of affairs is German naval officer with the title of Governor who is assisted by council composed of the heads of departments, and three elected members. The garrison num- bers Sl25 men, consisting of German marines and Chinese soldiers.
 Francis Joseph.
 The demon of misfortune seems to have stalked ever in advance of Aus tria's hoary Emperor. who has lately been spoken of as the "saddest man in Europe" In 1S4S, a popular and handsome youth of eighteen, Francis Joseph, mounted the Austrian throne upon the abdication of his weak.Eneed uncle, Emperor Ferdinand, and his people hoped that he would be able to quiet the dangerously conflicting interest of the monarchy. As boy he had learned the various languages spoken in the heterogeneous Austrian domain, and he had seen military ser vice under Radically in Italy, and the . whole Empire looked to this scion of the house of Hapsburg to straighten out its fearful political tangle.
 His first step as Emperor was to promise free and constitutional gov ernment in his country, but the Hun garian revolt very shortly forced him to close the National Assembly and assume absolute power. The first of his great international troubles began when in 1853 he endeavored to in- , fluence Russia to abandon her am . bilious designs against Turkey and . the autocratic Czar Nicholas was fur . ther displeased by Austria's refusal . to assist Russia against the Western l Powers, and they in turn were az grieved because Franz Josef declined to throw the weight of his name into their scple. Historians agree that the unwillins ness of Austria to take up , the cause of the Western Powers has been severely punished, for had she joined the alliance against Russia in 1854, in all probability Louis Napoleon would not have crossed the Alps and dictated the Peace of Villafranca. : In April. 1854, Francis Joseph mar. ried the daughter of Duke Maximilian Joseph. the Princess Elizabeth Amalie Eugenie, cousin on her mothers side to the King of Bavaria. This year is important in his record for another reason, the conclusion of the Con- cordat with the Pope which put the educational and ecclesiastical affairs of the Empire entirely into the hands of the Papal See. It established an ecclesiastical censorship of the press, and placed all schools, even private ones, under the surveillance of the bishops; 1t proclaimed the complete independence of the bishops in rela. tion to the civil government so that all decrees proceeding from Rome might be published without obtaining the Royal permission, and it author. ized the bishops to convoke the pro. vincial councils without the consent of civil authority.
 When, in 1867, Francis Joseph was crowned King of Hungary the concord. at came up for discussion almost i'm. mediately, and as the result of the strenuous demands of the Liberal sec tion of the Reichsrath the concordat was abrogated in 1870. This natural. y incurred the great wrath of the Pope, and to add to the Emperors troubles, his only son Rudolf commit. ted suicide just a few days before a message was received from the Pope declaring the revocation of the agree. ment "abominable."
 The chief cause ct all of Austria's