davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New Britain herald., 1914-04-03

isters' association wish to extend to
 him their congratulations on a we'll
 merited advance, while at the same time voicing profound regret at his departure An original member or
 this body, the counsels of Brother
 Lawson have been invaluable, and his co-operation in the various tasks un- dertaken by the association has been a great asset to its work. We feel that by his departure we and the community in general suffer distinct loss. Yet recognizing that in the Christian ministry permanence or residence can never be assured, ana that these changes are inevitable for us all we congratulate ourselves on the period 1t has been our privilege to enjoy the fellowship of MT. Law son, we wish him God-speed for the future. and assure him of our af- lection for him and interest in his work. And we take this opportun- ity of commenting him to the min tstry and to the church at large, as an industrious student. clear and progressive thinker. an excellent preacher, faithful pastor. a good soldier in the cause of righteousness in every form. and Christian gentle man. We believe that he will do splendid work in the years to come, and it will ever be a privilege to re- call his membership in our body, and his work in furtherance of the gospel among us.'
 New Books at Library.
 The board of directors of the local library has purchased several new books for the reading public of the town. The books have been placed on the shelves in the library in the Town hall, where patrons may ob- tain them. New editions in the fiction class are: "The Silver Cross," by $. B. Knightly; "The Circular Study A. K. Greene: .Idonia," A. F. Wallis;
 '.Cleek of Scotland Yard" T. w. Henshew: 'The Light of Western
 Stars" Zane Grey. and "The Cory
 ston Family" Mrs. Humphrey Ward. Change Date For Play.
 The committee in charge of 2 the
 presentation of the play, 'The Town
 Marshal" for the benefit of the fire
 mems auto fund, has decided to of
 fer it on April 21 instead of the 18th, the date originally selected.
 The comedy will be given in the Town hall. The cast will be as follows: J. J.
 Bonney, John J. Clarity, William J.
 Cunningham, James J. Graham, Ray
 mond Babcock, A. J. Greener and
 the Misses Anna. and Julia Graham and Nellie Conlon.
 In Favor Of sewer.
 Among those strongly in favor of
 the plan of building sanitary sewer Is First Selectman w. J. Johnson,
 who has announced himself as U
 sewer advocate. Mr. Johnson be- lieves that the town Is greatly in
 need of such an improvement and he thinks the district should make
 the necessary arrangements at once.
 The annual meeting of the voters will
 be held Monday evening and it is
 expected that the selectman will have
New Britain herald., 1914-04-03

the court room in the Town hail The proceeds will be added to thj library fund.
 Thomas c. Russell of East Mai} street, who has been i'll for the pasl few weeks. has improved to such d extent that he is now able to be ou| for short time each day.
 The woman's Relief corps yester| day afternoon entertained the de| partment president and her stan. AI enjoyable social hour followed th) regular business session.
 Charles Sames has returned from Baltimore. where he has been spendl ing the past three months.
 The date for the opening of th( spring term in the local schools hal been changed to April 20. Th( Easter recess will begin at noon nexl Thursday.
 George M. Cameron, the New Haven baseball magnate. underwent another operation yesterday at | Chicago hospital. His wife, whd prior to her marriage was Misa Katherine Flynn of this place, wad advised by telegram last evening that the operation was successful.
 The probate court has issued ar order limiting to six months the time for presentation of claims against the estate of Miss Maria Flynn.
New Britain herald., 1914-04-03
NOT LEGALLY ADOPTED.
Supreme Court Denies Contention Q Miss Florence Louise Brandt.

New York, April 3.--The appellate division of the supreme court today decided against Florence Louise Brandt, in her attempt to csts sbiish that she is the legally adopted daugh- ter of the late Wm. Ziegler, a multi- millionaire. Miss Brandt claiSnn one-half of the fifteen million dollar estate left by ziegler. the bulk or which went to William zieslcr. Jr.. an adopted son. .i l.sS
New Britain herald., 1914-04-03
DIFFICULTIES ARISE.
Viscount Kiyoura Opposed in HI
 Endeayor to Construct Cabiue6.

Tokio, Japan, April 3.-Dificuity in constructing new Japanese cabs inet has been encountered by vis- count Keigo Kiyoura.
 The political groups in the hcuse Of representatives, including the con < stitutional party, which is the strong est body in the chamber, as well as the entire press. are opposing the new premier on the ground that his se- lection signifies a revival of the old bureaucracy, instead of being an evidence of progress. They declare that tho existence of the political parties has been ignored #
New Britain herald., 1914-04-03

Paintings and bric-a-brac remair| ing from collection of Mrs. Juli@ Lynch will be sold at auction Saturl day afternoon at 2 o'clock in Grante hall, Plainville. c. R. Sherman, A3 A. Mcleod. administrators.-ad
New Britain herald., 1914-04-03
She'll Goods Dept.

BARRETT ES-Shell and amber for Saturday, one lot, special 7c, lot special for 20c and one for 40c.
 Hair pins, shell and amber special for zoe box Dressing Combs, special for zoe each-and extra strong for 47c each .
New Britain herald., 1914-04-03

Templars, which is to be held next Sunday afternoon at the Bungalow in New Britain.
New Britain herald., 1914-04-03

Buy your Sunday dinner at home. Save time and car fare. Prime rib roast, 20c lb. Short and loin steak. 2Sc lb. Other meats in proportion. Fresh shoulders, lamb roasts, etc. $. M. Cowles.-advt.
New Britain herald., 1914-04-03
Long White Kid Gloves. Real Value $500, Saturday $l.95

These gloves from the finest selected glace kid, every pair perfect. fresh goods. in all sizes. regular 16 button length, for Saturday, $1.95.
New Britain herald., 1914-04-03

LOST-Gold bar pin along road or at social last Friday evening at Second Congregational church, Berlin. Finder please return to Grace Skinner. Berlin. Tel. 79-3
 l-S-1d
New Britain herald., 1914-04-03

i-2 price sale at M. 'Morsan's Sat
 -advt>
New Britain herald., 1914-04-03

WANTED--Carpent and mason work. Jobbing and repairs. Chim neys repaired. Cisterns built Tel H. J. Foiren, Berlin.
New Britain herald., 1914-04-03
Notice.

Notice.
 Best quality we'll screened coal, D. 900 lbs to the ton. Give me your summer orders now and get lower cash prices. Geo. H. Baldwin, local coal dealer.---advt.
New Britain herald., 1914-04-03
Saturday Specials in Lunch Cloths and
Bedspreads'

lunch One To of dpred gd rd 5
New Britain herald., 1914-04-03

The Woman's club will give a food sale tomorrow afternoon at 2:3O in
New Britain herald., 1914-04-03

"A " % 1oS or InSS' oS rH'r
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-11-03
RELATIVE DURABILITY OF POST TIMBERS
BY j. J. CRUSILEY.

The material published in this ar
ticle has been obtained from the !ex-
animation Of 292 fences containing
So.160 posts. These fences are sit
uated In Ohio, Indiana. Illinois. Kan
sas and Texas.
While data was being collected,
mon were found living on adjacent
farms--one believing very steadfastly
that posts should be seasoned before
they are put into tho ground. the
other just as firm in his belief that
they should be set green: and again,
one believing that posts should be set
with the top or small end In the
ground; that IL, the opposite to the
way they grew In the tree, the other
that they should be set with the top
or small end up. These men were
probably speaking from their actual
experience. Such circumstances may
be duplicated over ana over, showing
plainly that many conditione-such as
dry or damp soils. and variations in
climate may bring about very differ
ent results.
In the following list OF percentage
of sound posts in average fences. an
effort is made to picture the relative
value Of the different kinds Of timber
by giving tho per cent Of posts that
are usually found to be sound at
various ages beginning at ten years
and counting each five succeeding
years I'D to fifty.
Usage orange posts-10 years. 100
per cent were found to be sound; Is
years. 100; 20 years. 100: Is years,
100; 80 years. 90; 81 years. SO: 40
years, 81.
Locust posts-10 years. 100: Is
years. %: 20 years, 50: rs years. IS;
30 years. 50: IS years. ~.
Red cedar-10 years. 100: Is years,
81; 20 years, 81: rs years. 81; 80
years, 80; IS years, IS.
Mulherry-10 years. 81: IS years.
CO.: 20 years. IS: 25 years. IS; 80
years, 60.
White cedar-1o years, IS; IS years
rs: 20 years, 81.
Catalpa-10 years, 90; Is years, 70;
20 years. So; Is years. SO; 80 years,
As.
Chestnut-1o years. II: rs years.
g..
Oak-1o years, II: Is years, 81; 20
years. At.
Black ash-10 years, 40.
It will be seen from the above that
the Usage orange is in class entirely
alone with no close competition. Vel
low locust and red cedar come next
very close together, with a little in
favor Of the locust. In the case OF
the red cedar. only that which grew
in the woods Is counted. That which
grows in the open is about the same
as oak in durability. Considera bly,
below these two is the mulberry
Then white, cedar and catalpa are
quite close together. The varieties of
oak counted are white oak, chinqua-
pin oak, burr oak, the majority being
white oak A small amount Of black
oak and post oak has also been ex-
amined.
Besides these varieties there nave
been found a few at place OF money
locust. sassafras, black walnut, Whlte
walnut and elm. The durability OF
these is usually poor; though some
instances Of excellent durability nave
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-11-03

Tent caterpillars come from an egg
laid by brownish moth, of medium
size. The eggs are deposited in bands
around the smaller twigs Of apple,
wild cherry, and other trees. They
hatch the following spring, and--the
caterpillars begin feeding upon the
young leaves.
When full grown, the caterpillars
are about two inches long, somewhat
hairy, and one form has longitudinal
white stripe in the center Of the back.
At this time they leave the tree and
wander off singly. to seek sheltered
places where they spin their cocoons.
Three weeks later, the moths emerge
and lay their eggs.
If grower is spraying his fruit
trees faithfully with arsenate of lead
in any shape, this, Of itself. will pre-
vent injury from tent caterpillars,
since any internal poison is fatal to
them; or, the tents may be crushed
with the gloved hand, when they can
be reached; or, they can be burned
by torch on the end Of a pole; or.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-11-03
Poultry House
Ventilation

Fresh air keeps the house pure and
dry. Nothing Will cause disease more
readily than damp house or one
which has a foul odor.
There are several ways to supply
but the simplest and least
expensive Is to have an open or mus
lin covered front. These open fronts
on the houses should be protected In
some way to prevent the rains and
SHOWS from being blown into the in
terror. It IL a good plan to attach
an awning made Of wood or some
other light material. arranged In such
a manner that It can be lowered or
raised.
Muslin will keep out the cold ana
rain to a certain extent, but when It
gets wet the cloth loses some Of its
merit as a ventilator. as damp muslin
will not permit free passage Of air.
BY protecting the muslin with an
awning it will not, be affected in that
way. The muslin should be put on
a frame so that 1t can be removed on q
pleasant day. allowing fresh air to
circulate through the house on such
days.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-11-03
FARMERS AS MOVERS.

Statistics prepared under the d.
rection Of the Department Of Com
nerce show that farmers are inces-
sanity moving.
Replies from nearly 100000 farm
ers In answer to the question how
long they had resided upon their
farms showed that 50 per cent had
moved within Ave years. Over 1.oo0,-
900 farmers had moved within year.
in the north. 81 per cent had lived
upon their farms Ave years or longer;
In the west, "a per cent, ana in the
south, Al per cent. The figures for
the south included colored farmers as
we'll as whites
These figures are significant, in the
opinion Of the government authori-
ties, because they show that farmers
move before they have had time to
become acquainted with the various
conditions Of the soil and climate Of
any one locality, this lack Of knowl-
edge resulting in small yield OF
crops per acre, in neglect Of buildings.
and in failure to conserve the fertility
Of the soil. Still, nothing can be
done about the matter until some way
con be found to eradicate the rowing
germ ii human nature.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-11-03
Birds Save the Forests

Those who are trying to stop the
ruthless destruction Of birds should be
strongly seconded by foresters. Ac-
cording to a recent government report
insects cause an annual loss to trees
Of the country Of over s10O,000,00O.
This would be many times greater If
it were not for the birds which seek
and destroy them. There are 400
species Of insects which prey upon the
oak. The willow has 1876 species which
threaten its destruction, the pine LES,
the hickory ITO, the birch LOG, and the
elm so. The careful analysis Of the
stomachs of woodpeckers, titmice.
kinglets, wrens, Sycatchers, swallows
and others show that these birds are
busily engaged In consuming numbers
Of these very insects. Many birds are
fond of the destructive vegetable
growths that are found upon trees.
Mice and other small animals that
gnaw the bark are eagerly watched
and devoured by owls, hawks and 9TH
er birds Of prey. Aside from this rob-
ms and divers birds, by scattering
seed, are active agents in reforesta-
ton.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-11-03

Next to grading, the packing Of
apples Is the most important opera
ton connected with their production
and sale. If there Is one thing more
than another that damages the repu-
tation of any fruit section 1t Is the
use of the commonly-called BARREL
crate" as a package for placing apples
on the market. One had far better
give his apples away than to market
them, or attempt to market them, In
this way. No matter how fine the
fruit, or how careful the grading and
packing, apples that are shipped in
packages Of this kind never reach the
buyer In a. flrst-class. attractive corr
dition. The fruit cannot be packed
firmly, 1t is ratified and banged against
the sharp edges of the Stats, and what
is not ruined in this way is often cut
into by the knife Of some one hand
ling the package en- route from ship
per to buyer. As a, result, whom the
apples reach the consumer they are
hardly in condition to make a good,
frst-class grade of cider. The pack
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-11-03
DANGER OF AN 0vERPRODUCTI0N OF PECANS?
BY w. N. HUT.

undoubtedly make a great demand
for itself where there are enough Of
them produced to satisfy our home
needs and the world outside learns
how delicious they are. There Is little
reason, therefore, to fear that the
pecan industry will be overdone, be-
at the present rate Of planting to as
much as satisfy present demands for
these nuts.
The range. Of pecan growing has
been steadily advancing into the
western and northern states. The
pecan is found native along the Miss
issippi and its tributaries as far north
as Davenport, Iowa, Terre Haute.
Ind. and Cincinnati. Ohio. The
northwestern area In which It Is in
digenous embraces portions Of Iowa,
Illinois, Indiana, Ohio. Missouri, and
Kentucky. From the native areas of
the pecan In these states nuts have
been carried and trees planted in
yards. gardens. and fields over very
wide range Of country. Trifiing as
such paintings may seem individually.
they amount In the aggregate to thou
sands Of trees.
Kentucky and Indiana have re-
Gently made distinct advance in pecan
growing In originating named varie-
ties that have short. quick growing
season, and that ripen their terminals
before winter. These varieties start
into growth late In spring, go dormant
early In the fall, and thus are able to
Withstand extreme cold. These far
northern varieties are being prop
ogated for planting in the colder re-
gions of the pecan area. and will
doubtless extend the area of pecan
culture much north and west OF its
present range.
The pecan tree is not now wild,
unoivilized tree. as some people seem
to think. that can rough IT, in the
wild, but a. domesticated plant that
uses and needs the same kind Of plant
food as that on which other domes-
ticated and cultivated crops thrive and
produce. 1t is true that the pecan tree
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-11-03
Pollution of Snb-Surface Water In
Limestone.

L1lneSLOuc.
waters in sinking through sandy soils
or surfaces are filtered, and In the
finer sands much Of the polluting mat
ter which they carry Is frequently re-
moved. In coarser sands or gravel the
degree Of filtration Is less. but water
taken from sands and gravels at
considerable depth may be considered
relatively safe. Waters from wells in
clay are not often pollutes, since -u--
face pollution filters through clay very
slowly.
Waters from wells in limestone are
frequently polluted, owing to the fact
that limestone soils usually contain
passages and channels at different
depths which sometimes form cons
tinuous passage for underground
water for a considerable distance and
which are very often directly con-
nected with sinks and basins occur
ring here and there on the surface.
It IL a common practice to dump
manure trash and garbage Into such
sinks or basins, and rain water falling
into these plunges directly into the
UNDERGROUND channels, ce.rrying<with
It the impurities from the basin to
those points where wells are sunk. In
this manner garbage or refuse
dumped anywhere in the neighbour
hood of or even at considerable
distance from well in limestone may
pollute the water.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-11-03

ages most universally used, and the
one that will answer the requirements
Of any market Is the standard apple
barrel. This package contains, APP
proximately eleven pecks, and when
used as a means Of placing we'll
graded and carefully packed apples
on the market, the grower Is insured
Of both profit and reputation for
his fruit.
Before beginning to pack, see that
the barrel is resting on solid base.
If packing In the orchard, provide
planks or boards on which to place
the barrels while being filed. This
keeps the head of the barrel clean
and enables the packer to crock" 1t
to better advantage. Rocking" Is
the shaking Of the barrel from time
to time during the packing In order
to settle the apples, thus making
them At closer and frmer together
The head or end that Is usually
opened upon reaching market Is
placed at the bottom end In filing
Before starting to pack, put In a
corrugated paper barrel cap and two
or three layers Of nicely folded paper.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-11-03

This not only keeps the fruit In bet
ter shape, but prevents it from bruis-
ing. Then the barrel Is ready to be
faced" This consists Of placing,
by hand, from two to three rows Of
fruit, stem end down. After facing. .
the apples are carefully poured In
and the barrel frequently shaken,
until it Is almost full. The last two
or three rows may be placed by hand.
stem end up, thus facing both ends
Of the barrel. The last layer should
extend about one inch above the top
of the barrel and be covered either
with corrugated apple barrel cushion,
cap, or with two or three layers Of neat
ly folded paper as used in the other end.
The head Is then put on and forced
into place with an apple press. After
mailing the head in place see that all
hoops are securely fastened in their
proper positions, label the barrel. and
1t Is ready for market. In packing
apples, see that each package Is well
filed with the same grade throughout,
top, middle and bottom. Put UP a
strictly flrst-class honest package or
keep the fruit at home.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-11-03

Tendency to Rot at the Heart First.
The Top is Catalpa; the Bottom is
White Cedar.
all over the country are beginning to
set out trees. More Of them are
planting with view to growing posts
than for any other purpose. Surely
then we should understand as clearly
as possible which timber will produce
the most durable post.
The various state experiment sta
tons and the forest service at Wash
ington are continually receiving in
quiries concerning the durability Of
timbers in the soil. The farm jour-
nails throughout the country are also
frequently called upon to answer
questions on this subject
In the forestry exhibit at the Ohio
State Fair few years ago, there was
a group of eight specimens of wood
labeled "post timbers." During the
time that these specimens were on
exhibition there were six different
varities pointed out with the express
sion, "That is the best for posts"
These six were yellow locust. red
cedar, hardy catalpa, Usage orange,
mulberry and chestnut.
In the endeavor to ascertain with
more or less certainty, the relative
merits of various timbers for use as
posts, extensive research work was
undertaken by the Ohio station, some
time ago, and carried into a number
Of different states, through period
Of several years. So far as known, no
work Of this kind has ever been un-
dertaken by any other station on so
large scale. While this fact alone
is not urged as a reason for drawing
definite conclusions, it may be taken
as evidence to esta blish with consid-
cradle certainty the relative durabil
ity Of the kinds Of timber named In
the Investigations. The striking var
liability of wood as to durability under
varying conditions makes it plain that
the number Of observations count for
a great deal. On the whole, the re-
suits can not fail to be Of great value
to farmers.