davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Ladysmith news-budget. [volume] (Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wis.) 1907-1927, 1914-09-04
Pastors Make River Trip

Rev. G.. H. Dinsmore, of Wild Rose,
Rev. o. " Wheeler, of Wauwatosa,
Rev. r. A. Ashwarth, d. D., of First
Baptist church, Milwaukee, Frank
Lindsay, of Lindsay Bros, Milwau-
kee implement firm, and son, Rob
ert, arrived in Ladysmith last Fri
day evening after a two-weeks trip
down the Flambeau from Park Falls.
The party spent five days at the
"chain of lakes" camping near
Boyd's Mason Lake resort.
They saw many deer, but found
the fishing rather poor on account
of the high water.
The party spent Saturday visiting
Rev. e. S. Laux, the local Baptist
Revs. Dinsmore and Wheel
er departed Saturday evening for
their homes, while the others of the
party went over to the Chippewa for
a trip down that river.
Ladysmith news-budget. [volume] (Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wis.) 1907-1927, 1914-09-04
Pickles Net Doing Well

The pickle crop this year is not
doing as we'll as last year, but from
this We do not mean to say that the
crop is a failure. The acreage this
year is larger than last year, but up
to Saturday night less than half the
tanks at the local station had been
filled. The dry weather following the
excessive wet weather, and the cold
weather of the past week has re-
tarded them. The vines however are
in excellent condition, and a few
warm days would bring them on in
fine shape and tax the capacity of
the local station.-Bruce News-Let-
ter.
Ladysmith news-budget. [volume] (Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wis.) 1907-1927, 1914-09-04
RUSK COUNTY FAIR
WILL TRULY BE BETTER THAN
EVER THIS YEAR
STRONG RACE & SPORT PROGRAM
Fine Exhibits, Special Free Attrac-
tions, Music by Ladysmith
Concert Band

Next week is the week for the big
Rusk county fair at Bruce, which will
be better in every department this
year than ever before. Spurred by
desire to make this years fair eclipse
all previous efforts, the management
has worked unusually hard and ev-
cry resident of Rusk county who fails
to attend will miss a treat out Of
all proportion to the small cost of
going. To use the language of one
of their posters, "You may be a res
ident of Rusk county, but see these
exhibits and you will marvel at the
agricultural possibilities of Rusk
county, the best county in the state
strong race and sport program
has been provided, including motor
cycle races, which ought to prove a
thriller" Special free attractions
have been arranged for including
Frank Renzetta, acrobatic clown and
barrel manipulation, and the Warricks
in their comedy act, introducing
their trick fort, something new in
the trick house line. They perform a
series of comedy evOlutions and
button bursting Comicalities," div
ing in and out of cannOnS, dOorways
and peekhOles of Fort No-Account,"
which they carry with them.
There will be a baseball game ev-
cry day of the fair. Tuesday, New
Auburn and Bruce will contend for
honors. Wednesday, Ladysmith and
Tony will cross bats. Thursday, Glen
Flora and Bruce will be the con-
tenders and on Friday, the winners
of the games on the 9th and 10th
will decide the championship of the
county. Every game promises to be
hotly contested
The Ladysmith Concert Band, un-
der the leadership of e. A. Page,
will furnish music throughout the
fair.
Ladysmith people should attend
this fair, literally, as they have in
the past.
Ladysmith news-budget. [volume] (Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wis.) 1907-1927, 1914-09-04
BRING BACK ESCAPED PRISONER
Victor Albert, Who Escaped From
County Jail Last May, Returned
to Durance

Sheriff McNally went to Green Bay
Tuesday night to bring back Victor
Albert, who was apprehended by the
authorities of that city on Monday.
Mr.. McNally returned with the pris-
oner yesterday.
Albert, who was awaiting trial
here for robbery, broke Jail last
May with Louis Blair, who was being
held for deserting his family. Escape
was effected by saving a couple of
bars, the prisoners having discovered
a weak point and in a position where
their work could not be seen until
the bars were removed
Ladysmith news-budget. [volume] (Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wis.) 1907-1927, 1914-09-04
MAY GIVE Up PARIS.
FRENCH MAY DO THIS TO AVOID
DESTRUCTION OF CITY
TURKEY PREPARES FOR WAR
Austrians Lose 100000 in Desperate
Fighting With Cars Men

Special to Ladysmith News-Budget.
LONDON, Sept. 4.-French authori-
ties are considering surrender of
Paris to- Germans to avoid destruc-
ton of property from artillery fire,
in case the Germans succeed in pass
ing the outer lines of the defense Of
the French capital.
The Teuton fighting machine has
hewn it's way to within twenty-five
miles of Paris. Terrific fighting is
taking place near Neoyon on the
Disc river.
The Germans have captured
Amiens and now control all northern
France, except sea-coast cities.
Ladysmith news-budget. [volume] (Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wis.) 1907-1927, 1914-09-04
SPECIAL FEATURE PICTURES

Beginning Wednesday, Sept. 9th,
the Unique theater will put on SER
les of special pictures ranging in
length from three to six reels. These
photoplays are the pick from the
worlds best special feature films and
are well worth the prices of admis-
sion charged to see them. The great
extra expense incurred by showing
these will necessitate a raise of
cents on the regular admission prices,
which is very reasonable considering
the quality of the films.
"War is Hell'' and Cali Love Ex-
ceiling is fair sample of what
these features will be like.
Following is the schedule for four
weeks:
Detective Craig's Coup" five
reels-Sept. 8.
''Napoleon"-War picture, five
reels-Sept. 16.
Faithful Unto Death"--war drama,
four reels-Sept. 23
Last Volunteer"-war drama, six
reels-Sept. 80.
Ladysmith news-budget. [volume] (Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wis.) 1907-1927, 1914-09-04
SAWYER COUNTY RETURNS

Complete returns from Sawyer
county give Horne PIP votes, Filing
son 80 and Stare II. This would in
crease ElliEgs0n's lead over Stare,
which was 20 in this county, to %.
Second-choice votes from Horne bal
lots in Sawyer county gave Filing
son and Stare 6, the result being
as Mr.. Stare put it, ''23" for him.
However, Horne's second choice
votes in this county might still make
little change in the final result. 1t
is apparent that Ellingson has won
the nomination.
Ladysmith news-budget. [volume] (Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wis.) 1907-1927, 1914-09-04
Disposition cf the Grades

The public schools will open Tues
day, Sept 9Th. The grades have been
assigned to rooms as follows: 1st,
9th, 7th and Sth in the brick build
ing, End, 3rd and 9Th to the True
building and the 4th and kindergar-
ten to the library building. No chan
ges have been necessary in the old
first ward building, all grades up to
the 7th, including kindergarten, will
be taken care of there.
Ladysmith news-budget. [volume] (Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wis.) 1907-1927, 1914-09-04
HARVEST DAY GREAT SUCCESS
Exhibits Were Very Fine and At
tendance was Excellent

The Harvest Day" celebration at
Conrath last Saturday was great
success in every way.
The attendance was good and ev-
erybOdy who went there that day
was we'll repaid Excellent exhibits
were shown of all kinds of farm pro
duce and addresses on topics of par
ticular interest to the farmers were
made by the prominent agriculturist S
mentioned in this paper heretofore.
Following is the list Of prize win
ners:
Medium Red Glover
First Prize, William Rohrig.
Second Prize, Frank Emmons.
Third Prize, Paul Martt.
Alfalfa
First Prize, Vincent Wass
AIsyke Clover
First Prize, Frank Emmons.
Timothy
First Prize, William Rohrig.
Second Prize, Frank Emmons.
Oats
First Prize, Frank EmmOns
Second Prize, Adam TarnOWski.
Barley
First Prize, William ROhrig.
Miliet
First Prize, Frank EmmOns.
Corn in Stalks (Dent)
First Prize, John Hamm.
Continued en- Page 81
Ladysmith news-budget. [volume] (Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wis.) 1907-1927, 1914-09-04
Opens a New Store

F. P. Smith has opened a new
store in the building occupied until
recently by the McDermott Millinery
store. Mr.. Smith has full line of
select teas, coffees and spices and
expects to add other lines as soon as
he gets Strengthened around.
Ladysmith news-budget. [volume] (Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wis.) 1907-1927, 1914-09-04
Austrians Lose Many Thousands

LONDON, Sept. A. (Special)-The
fall of Lemberg renders the Rus
slams absolute masters of the whole
of eastern Gallacia and predictions
are made that the Cars army viii
be both in Berlin and Vienna with
in a month. The Austrians have sus
tanned losses of fully 100000 in the
recent desperate battles with the
Russian hosts.
Ladysmith news-budget. [volume] (Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wis.) 1907-1927, 1914-09-04
glsssesssss4ssssassssssssss
! COUNTY SCHOOL NEWS !:
BY COUNTY SUPT, o. E. RICE \
80 5 : 3 ! q

|
the county resumed work the first
of this week; the rest will start up
next Tuesday, or perhaps, on Mon
day, Labor Day.
1t is recommended that school of
ficers permit their teachers to teach
on Labor Day and then allow them
to close school and attend the Fair
one day. Friday, September 11th, is
School Day at Bruce and we hope
that all school children who can will
attend that day.
Teachers are requested to send
exhibits to Mrs. L. H. Giddings,
Bruce, superintendent of the Educa-
tional Department, charges all pre-
paid, not later than September Sth
as they need to be there at that
time to be properly entered the first
day
Teachers and others will be care
full to see that everything is prop
erly labeled with name of pupils,
SchOOl nd town.
All exhibits must be removed Fri
day afternoon by the exhibitors
Premium lists published by the
County Fair Association have been
distributed, SO teachers may know
What premium are offered.
Attention of school officers is di-
rBcted to the law requiring all school
rooms and outhOuses, grounds, etc.
to be thoroughly cleaned before the
opening of school each term, and Of
tener as needed. The must also see
that the school is supplied with
wholesome water. Two schools in the
county are in need of wells, and it
is hoped that school boards will at
tend to this promptly. Sweeping COM
pound is required for floors.
The school law also provides that
each school officer shall visit the
school at least o2ce each term. 1t
would be well that the first official
visit be made early in September, so
as to be able to better discuss the
needs of their schools at the thine
of the County School Board Conven-
ton to be held in October.
Clerks will furnish the teachers
copies of the last census report that
the teachers may know whether all
children who should attend school
are enrolled the first month Teach
ers will notify the superintendent
promptly when blanks for reports
are needed.
grades, also, a copy of their recita-
ton program, is to be sent us at
the end Of the first two weeks, each
term. In graded and high schools,
this and other reports for the year
are to be compiled monthly by the
principal and sent to this office. In
the first report the length of the
school year and the monthly salary
should be given, as this information
is needed for filing in our office
record.
We hope to report to all teachers
this week the result of the recent
examinations. Those who have en-
gagged schools, will go on with their
schools, and certificates to such as
have not already received them, will
be sent.
Because of the new buildings in
No 2 Flambeau, it. 5, Marshall and
Willard, and No. 10, Stubbs, it. 6,
Stubs and Rusk not being complet-
ed, schools in those districts will
not open until later, probably about
the middle of September.
Ladysmith news-budget. [volume] (Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wis.) 1907-1927, 1914-09-04
CLASS OF SEVEN CONFIRMED

the German Lutheran church Sunday
morning and the church was well
filled for the ceremonies
The class: William SchoOlman,
Abner Spiegelberg, Freda Erdman,
Gertrude Barfknecht, Mamie Herbst,
Ladysmth; Emil Knaack, Elizabeth
Oberlaenter, COnrath.
Ladysmith news-budget. [volume] (Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wis.) 1907-1927, 1914-09-04
Guernsey Breeders Meeting

"A meeting of the Rusk County
Guernsey Breeders Association will
be held next Thursday, Sept 10, at
the Rusk County Fair grounds at
Bruce. The meeting is scheduled far
| o'clock in the afternoon.
Ladysmith news-budget. [volume] (Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wis.) 1907-1927, 1914-09-04
Democratic Nominees

The Democratic candidates for the
different county offices and for as
semblyman had no opposition. Their
nominees are:
For assemblyman, w. S. Man
ming.
For county clerk, e. A. Kirvan.
For county treasurer, Albert Pet
erson
For sheriff, Jim BuchhOlZ.
For coroner, L. w. Berry.
For clerk of circuit court, P. j.
Kassela.
For district attorney. o. ]. Falge.
For register of deeds, l.. l.. Max
ham.
For county surveyor, John Dla-
mOnd.
Ladysmith news-budget. [volume] (Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wis.) 1907-1927, 1914-09-04
ELL|NGSON WINS.
HAWKINS MAN GETS BEST OF
THREE-CORNERE FIGHT
STEWART WINS FOR SHERIFF
EIIngboe Wins Nomination for Cor
oner.-Democratic Vote Light

The primary election Tuesday
brought out rather a light vote in
the county and throughout the state.
In Rusk county interest centered
in the contests for assemblyman,
sheriff and coroner, as the other
county candidates had no opposition.
For member of assembly, c. K. Ell
lingson, of Hawkins, carried Rusk
county by a plurality of only 20 over
Frank T. Stare, of the town of Will
lard. Mr.. EllingsOn also had a lead
over Mr. Stare in Sawyer county
of about five, according to latest
reports, although the Sawyer cOun-
ty man, Mr.. Horne, carried his coun-
ty by quite large plurality as was
expected. However, Sawyer county's
vote being much less than that Of
Rusk, Mr.. EllingsOn's nomination
seems assured. 1t is possible that
the second-choice vote may decide
the election for this office.
Mr.. Ellingson was given a hand
home town, and the town of Willard,
Mr.. Stare's home bailiWick, gave him
the same honor. Mr.. Stare did not
get a vote in the village of Tony, and
Mr.. Ellingson was served the same
way in the town of Wilson. Mr..
Stare carried fifteen precincts in
the county and Mr.. Ellingson four
teen. Horne got only SO votes in
the county.
One of the greatest surprises of
the election was the overwhelming
victory of Sam Stewart, of Bruce,
over C.. d. Swain, of the town Of
Grant That Ladysmith holds no
grudge against a man because he is
from Bruce is evidenced by the fact
that Mr. Stewart carried this city
practically Mr. SWaim's home town,
by a majority of ten votes Stewards
majority over Mr.. Swain was 221.
For coroner, o. B. Ellingboe, the
present incumbent, defeated e. H.
Miller, the total county vote being
571 to 347.
Result in the State
E. l.. Phillip apparently is nom
mated for governor by the republi-
cans. Gov. F. E. McGovern has won
an overwhelming victory in the
fight for the United States senator
ship.
Karel is probably the democratic
nominee for governor and Husting
that party's choice for senator.
Ladysmith news-budget. [volume] (Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wis.) 1907-1927, 1914-09-04
Turkey About to Declare War

WASHINGTON, Sept 4. (SpeciaD
Turkey has mObiliZed it's forces and
declaration Of war against the
allies is expected momentarily. This
on the other side.
Ladysmith news-budget. [volume] (Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wis.) 1907-1927, 1914-09-04
Ladysmith VS.. Cameron Sunday
Ladysmith will play Cameron here
Sunday afternoon.
Marriage Licenses

The following marriage licenses
We're issued by tie county clerk the
past week:
Lawrence Guido, Minneapolis, to
Mary Jaskowiak, town of Stubbs,
Aug. %.
Ladysmith news-budget. [volume] (Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wis.) 1907-1927, 1914-09-04

Farm Insurance; Fire, Lightning
and Tornado for $1.75 for 3 years.
Largest Agency in the City. Larg-
est and oldest company in the world.
Andersen e Falge. Adv
Ladysmith news-budget. [volume] (Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wis.) 1907-1927, 1914-09-04
Defeated by Tony

The less said about last Sundays
baseball game on the local diamond
the better. The score of 16 to 12,
in favor Of Tony, tells the whole
story
Ladysmith news-budget. [volume] (Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wis.) 1907-1927, 1914-09-04

Mrs. e. H. Sill and Mrs. j. Top
lift, Of Bruce, were visitors in this
city Saturday.
Ladysmith news-budget. [volume] (Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wis.) 1907-1927, 1914-09-04
Ruek County Republican Totals

For Lieutenant Governor: Stout,
339; Cousins, 200; Dithmar, $50;
Peavey, 1872.
For Secretary of State: Holman,
405; Donald, 39S.
For State Treasurer: Schardt, 1923;
Johnson, 1856.
For Attorney General, owen, SIS;
Bentley, 21f
For Member of Congress: Irvine
L. Lenroot, 769. (no opposition).
For County Clerk: F. e. Munroe,
864.
For County Treasurer: O. A. Ser
gent, $40.
For District Attorney: Chas Kir-
wan, 853.
For Register of Deeds: Elmer w.
Hill, S55.
For Clerk of Circuit Court: w. j.
Kermott.
Ladysmith news-budget. [volume] (Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wis.) 1907-1927, 1914-09-04

Democratic Vote in County
For Governor, Aylward1 II; Karel
II.
For U. S. Senator, Husting, 72;
Kearney So.
For Assemblyman, w. S. Manning,
total not known yet.
Ladysmith news-budget. [volume] (Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wis.) 1907-1927, 1914-09-04

The News-Budget gives the detailed
Republican vote of every precinct in
the county for governor U. S. SEN
ator, assemblyman, sheriff and cor
Oner On the rest of the offices we
give the total county vote only.
REPUBLICAN VOTE ON
Ladysmith news-budget. [volume] (Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wis.) 1907-1927, 1914-09-04

VOTE ON
ASSEMBL YMAN
Ladysmith news-budget. [volume] (Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wis.) 1907-1927, 1914-09-04

REPUBLICAN VOTE ON
SHERIFF AND CORONER
Ladysmith news-budget. [volume] (Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wis.) 1907-1927, 1914-09-04

Come to Ladysmith to trade.
Ladysmith news-budget. [volume] (Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wis.) 1907-1927, 1914-09-04

Carbon paper-News-Budget office
Evening journal., 1914-11-23
UNCLE SAM ASKS
FOR FREE WATER
Thinks City Should Follow
Atlantic City in Supplying
Dredge and Station
BOARD WILL
CONSIDER REQUEST

At the meeting Of the Board of
Water Commissioners this morning.
communication from Major E. n.
Johnston. Corps OF Engineers U. S,
Army, which had been received by
Mayor Harrison w. Howell and by
him turned over to the Board, was
considered. Major Johnston stated
that the authorities of Atlantic City
have agreed to furnish water free of
cost to the u. s. Government for the
use of the dredge "Absecon" while on
improvement work at Absecon Inlet
and also for the dredge depot at At
lantic City He inquiries if the local
Water Commissioners will extend the
same privilege and furnish water
without cost for the dredge
'Minquas," to be used in Wilmington
harbor, and for the dredge depot
which is to be located on the south
side of the Chrlstiana river, east of
Walnut street, and between "A" street
and the river.
At the suggestion of Commissioners
Wilson, It was decided to refer the
request TO Chief Engineer Hopes,
who is to take IL up with City Council.
Request for water for houses on Pas
turc street was finally granted after q
communication was read from street
and Sewer Directors stating that II
would not compromise the Street anC
Sewer Department TO grant the request
because of the fact that Pasture street
has not been decided 10 the city. The re
quest was granted with the understand
ing that no outside hydrants are TO bI
used Meters are TO be installed.
Notice was again given that personi
wishing to be charged by meter rates
for the year 1915 must make applica
tion on or before November 30.
The commissioners approved current
bills amounting to S3,49s75; speca
bills of Ss,774.0s, and one special dis
count bill, on which the discount wa'
S43.54 and the bill itself 81, 2,l32.4s net.
The financial report shows balance
of St.543.s7 in the current fund and IS,
1870 in the special fund. Payroll'
were ordered paid as. follows Current
81 ,07l 80; special, S4S776.
An application for a position az
watchman was received from Charles G
Granger II was received and filed.
Chief Engineer Hopes reported 90,
75S,3OO gallons of water pumped dur
ing the week During the 2s weeks of
work ON meter extension, 5,4O2 installa-
tions have been made During the week
"a new meters were installed and five
repaired. Eighteen new services wer'
installed and two services were re-
newed.
The district covered by the meter ex
tension for the week was as follows
Pine street Second to Third; Sprucl
street, Fourth To seventh; Churcl
street, Fifth to Sixth; Front street, Pop
lar to Lombard; Second street, Popla
TO Lombard; Third street, Poplar 4
Spruce; Fourth street, Pine to Spruce
Fifth street, Pine to Church; SiNt
street, Pine TO Church; Klund street
Pine to Spruce; Robinson street, Popla
to Lombard; Curlett street Spruce e
Church.
Evening journal., 1914-11-23
FORTUNE IN HOLLY
FOR SUSSEX Growers
speeial 10 THE EVENING JOURNAL

Special to THE EVENING JOURNAL
GEORGETOWN, Del, Nov. 23.-
Holly is said to be more plentiful
in Sussex County this year than for
several years past. There is an
abundance of berries and within the
next few days the farmers will be
busily engaged making wreaths for
the holiday trade. Many of the far
mers and their families during the
height of the season can make as
much as $S and $40 a day. In some
cases the children have been known
to make as much as SO apiece each
day. Fifteen years ago Georgetown
was one of the leading holly mar
kets in Sussex County, and some
years as much as $4,000 worth of
greens we're consigned from this sec
tion to ell parts of the United States,
going as far west as Kansas City,
Chicago and st. Louis. Owing to the
scarcity, within the past few years,
New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore,
Washington and Wilmington have
been getting most of the output from
Sussex. Hundreds of thousands Of
dollars Lave been made by the far
mers, and some of the townspeople,
as WELL within the past decade and
year by year the demand seems to
become greater.
Evening journal., 1914-11-23
CITY NETHODISTS MAY
ENGAGE IN SOUL HUNT
Success of Revival at Coates
vile Causes Consideration
of Plan Here
ERECT TABERNACLE
FOR THE SERVICES

Wilmington may have a great revival
under the auspices of the Methodist
Episcopal Church this winter.
The question of united action on the
part of the churches of that denomina-
tion with a view of bringing a promi-
nent evangelist to the city, erecting a
tabernacle and holding a revival of the
sort given by Billy Sunday, who has
brought thousands to Christianity, was
brought before the Methodist Episcopal
Ministerial Associgtion this morning.
Members received the suggestion with
such favor that committee was named
to consider the proposition and report
at an early date. The committee is
composed of the Revs. +. L. HofTecker,
district superintendent; V. S. Collins
George Edward Reed, w. w. Sharp and
W. A. Wise.
The matter of stirring the people of
this city to activity in the cause of
Christianity was taken up after the
Rev. T. w. Mckinney, of Coatesville.
Pa, had delivered an address dealing
with the success of the revival held in
that town. DR.. Mckinney told the
ministers that ZOO persons have "hit
the trail" to his church since the re-
vival opened, 500 joining yesterday.
While plans for the local revival
have not been developed it is said the
ministerial body plans to erect a
tabernacle costing $4,000, which Will
seat several thousand persons, and
invite DR.. Mckinney to conduct SER
vices.
Evening journal., 1914-11-23
FIGHT AGAINST OIL
PLANT OUT OF court

Chancellor Charles NJ. Curtis, in
the Court of Chancery today, dis
missed the temporary injunction in
the case of Charles c. Kurtz VS.. the
Manor Real Estate and Trust Com
pany, Nicholas r. Brady and the
Prudential Oil Company. The pro-
ceedings were instituted to prevent
the erection of an oil plant near
Claymont.
Chancellor Curtis. in his order, said
that it appears from the defense IN
the Manor Real Estate and Trust
Company that it has complete
ly cancelled and annulled the
ore plant contract and disclaims
any intetion of selling land to Brady
the Prudential oil Company. or any
one else, for the purpose of erecting
an oil plant at Claymont The Chan
cellor also declared that no threaten.
ed or impending danger, such as men
toned in the bill of complaint, and
therefore. the bill as well as the pre-
liminary injunction are dismissed. I'm
der the order of the Chancellor the
! Prudential Oil Company pays the costs
amounting to SS1S2.
William S. Hilles and Robert II
| Richards we're counsel for the com
plainant.