davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-09-19
WARNING ISSUED REGARDING
TURKESTAN ALFALFA SEED

No such preference is shown in the
alfalfa growing regions of Europe.
There French seed is commonly con
sidered the best. with Italian ranking
next, and Turkestan last. Under
these circumstances very little
French and Italian seed finds its way
to the United States. the bulk of the
importations being, as already stated,
the cheap commercial Turkestan.
Fortunately, growers who wish to
avoid this variety can readily identify
it by the presence of Russian KNAPP
weed seeds. These seeds have not
been found anywhere except in COM
mercial Turkestan seed, and here
they are practically always present.
Russian knapweed is in some ways
similar to Quack grass, Johnson grass
and Canada thistle, spreading both
by. seeds and underground rootstocks
The seeds are slightly larger than
those of alfalfa and cannot all be re
moved by any practicable method of
machine cleaning. Their chalxy
white color makes them especially
conspicuous, and their symmetrical
form-slightly wedge-shap ed-distin-
cuisines them from the notched seed
or other species often found in vari-
cites or alfalfa from other sections.
The knapweed seeds, however, are
not usually found in large quantities,
and any lot of alfalfa should. there
fore, De examined in bulk The ex-
animation of small samples is not
sufncient to show whether the alfalfa
comes from Turkestan or not.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-09-19

According to the office of markets,
Department of Agriculture, present
indications are that the commercial
apple crop of the United States is
much larger this year than last, but
less than that of 1912 by several mill
lion barrels. However. it is estimated
in the current number of the Agricul-
tural Outlook of the department that
the problem of distribution will prove
to be more complex than two years
ago. owing to certain conditions re-
sulting from the European war.
Attention is called to the small
quantity of American apples-less
than 100000 barrels-taken to Europe
in normal times. Both the growers
and dealers are urged to view the
situation with optimism and to pre-
pare for the disposal of Europe's
usual portion in other ways. 1t is
suggested that with judicious handing
the demand at home may be increased
and the commercial crop marketed
with relatively fair success to all. AS
to just what constitutes judicious
handling the office of markets makes
the following suggestions
l. Growers should pick the fruit in
uniform condition, cleaning the trees
only for what is ready to come off,
repeating the process until the crop is
harvested The advantage is to secure
longer time for distribution and to
prevent the pack from representing
extreme stages of maturity ranging
from ripe to green.
2. When picked the fruit should be
handled from orchard to cars in such
way as to prevent deterioration,
care being exercised to protect the
apples from the elements. 1t is ex-
planned that under proper conditions
fruit which is picked today should not
be packed until tomorrow and thai
| for this purpose shelter should be
provided.
3. Those using the barrel package
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-09-19
SOME TIMELY ADVICE ABOUT
MARKETING THE APPLE CROP

should uniformly grade and pack the
crop IN compliance with the Sulzer
law, and brand in accordance with its
provisions, for the purpose of creating
feeling of confidence among dealers
and consumers.
A. Inferior grades should be elimi-
mated from the green fruit markets,
not only for the reason that the de-
mand for such grades will be very
limited, but also because their pres
ence in the markets will undoubtedly
hamper profitable disposition of the
better fruit.
s. All apple growers, operators,
dealers and associations should early
arrive at an estimate of true values
in order to secure a quick movement
1t is explained that If arbitrarily high
prices rule in the beginning of the
season the crop will not pass readily
into consumption, but that on the
other hand, abnormal accumulation
and congestion will occur throughout
the channels of trade, with disastrous
results to all concerned.
6. Only standard varieties well
packed should be placed in cold stor-
age for the reason that prices likely
to rule in the late fall and early win
ter. as the inevitable result of liberal
offerings of common storage stock,
will probably limit the demand for
cold storage apples until mid-winter-
Z. An effort should be made to fully
supply small towns by direct sales in
order to secure more uniform dis
/ tribution and avoid congesting the
/ large markets. Attention is called to
1 the practice in some sections OF grow
| ars who go with cars OF apples TO
noorlv supplied towns and sell on the
| track Growers or dealers who desire
| to use this system should apply to
! the town and railway authorities fcr
information as to regulations con-
| trolling such sales, and. If conditions
justify shipping, the arrival OF the car
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-09-19


features which render 1t more con-
venient TO use.
Material Required.
IL we have decided to build four
sash cold frame, which is a very good
size for use in conjunction with the
average sized garden, there will be
required for the higher north side 'of
the frame three boards each one foot
wide. twelve feet long and one inch
thick. Planks from one and one
quarter to two inches thick may be
used and will last longer, but one
inch thick boards will last several
years and are easier to use in build
ing. White pine is usually easiest to
obtain and use, but cypress. cedar and
chestnut are more lasting. These
three boards are placed edge to edge,
one above another. and nailed to five
posts each four feet long and two
by four inches thick, so placed that
the four-inch surface is against the
boards and that the posts will be on
the inside of the cold frame when it
is finished These posts are spaced
as follows: The first post is one inch
from the ends of the boards and two
inches below the top edge and pro-
jecting fourteen inches below the bot
tom edge; the centre of the second
post is three feet from the ends of
the boards, the centre Of the third
post three feet from the centre of the
second, the fourth the same distance
from the third and the fifth in the
same position at the other end as
the first. all these posts being two
inches below the top edge and project
ing fourteen inches below the bottom
edge.
For the lower. south side are re-
quired three boards each ten inches
wide, twelve feet long, attached to
the same number of inside posts in
the same way as the north side. Next,
the ends are made each of three
boards one foot wide, five feet eight
inches long. each set of end boards
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-09-19

should be preceded by judicious adj
vertising.
8. Growers who live in communities
where cooperative organizations are
operated should do all possible TO
strengthen these exchanges. 1t is as
serted that the disloyalty of members
is the chief element of failure in CO.
operative enterprises, and growers
are strongly urged to support their
association as the best way to effect
satisfactory distribution.
Those who grade, pack and brand
their barrels in accordance with pro-
visions of the Sulzer law should be
more successful in making quick and
satisfactory sales than otherwise.
When apples are packed in a standard
barrel as established by section l of
the Sulzer law, and are plainly and
conspicuously marked as containing
one barrel of apples of one of the
standard grades described in section
2, such a statement if true would
constitute a satisfactory compliance
with the net weight amendment to
the food and drugs act. Otherwise
the package, If intended for inter-
state commerce, must be marked to
comply with the net weight amend
ment to show the quantity of the con-
tents, either Dy weight OF Dy dry
measure or by numerical count A
statement of numerical count must
be qualified by the size of the apples
expressed as the average diameter in
inches to be a statement of quantity.
With respect to Europe, the office
OF markets urges exporters to care
fully watch the movement and assure
themselves of steamer space and a
demand on the other side before max
ing shipments. Latest announcements
of steamship companies are to the eff
feet that fairly regular schedules will
be maintained between America and
the United Kingdom.
For the benefit OF those who may
not be disposed to exercise especial
care in handling the crop, on the
grounds that 1t will not be worth
while, the offices of markets suggests
| it as probably being true of this year
! that not only proper handling but
also great diligence will be required
for erecting satisfactory distribution
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-09-19


being slanted on top, so that their
rorth ends are three feet wide, but
their south ends two and one-half
feet, and each set attached to two in
side posts the same as the sides. The
ends are now nailed between tho
sides and the parts thus assembled,
with the addition of five sash rests,
each two by four inches and about
five feet nine inches long, placed. the
four-inch side up. from the top OF
each north post to the top of each
south post. their tops being flush with
the top edges of the sides form the
completed cold frame.
Locating and Setting Up the Frame.
The frame should be located where
the surface water never collects, and
the soil drainage is good. A gentle
slope toward the south is ideal, but
a level place, or even a gentle slope
to the east or west will do very well.
Some kind of shelter on the north
side, not too close to the frame, such
as building or fence or hedge will
afford, is highly desirable; but the
light from other points of the COM
pass, so far as possible, should be UNI
cbstructed. At the selected place an
excavation is made full twelve feet
east and west and full six feet north
and south and two feet deep, and. at
the bottom of this excavation, holes
fourteen inches deep are made for
the posts.
Inmaking the excavation, the richer
top soil for about a foot deep should
be kept separate from the poorer soil
beneath. The coldframe may now
be lifted up and set into the excava-
ton, the higher side to the north, and
4 al oh f,... .,ft
boards on the north side and about
six inches on the south side will be
above the surface of the ground and
the earth filled and stamped in about
the bottom of the posts. The rich top
soil may now be mixed with about
one-third it's bulk of well-rotted ma
nure, and thrown back into the cold
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-09-19

honey has been mixed. If the sugar
is melted on the stove it must not be
scorched, for burned honey is fatal
to bees.
In the apiary at the end of the
honey season, the entrance to the
hives should be narrowed by using
thin strip of board on each side,
which will tend to prevent robbing.
Each colony of bees should have
twenty-five pounds of honey on hand
when it goes into winter quarters.
otherwise feeding may be required.
If the hive is large and not
crowded ii may be we'll to confine the
bees to closer quarters by using
division board.
In most sections of the country
bees may be kept out of doors safely
throughout the winter if double
walled hives are used. The hives
should be elevated little from the
ground and sheltered from the north
winds. Sometimes a rough fence Is
built back of the hives, with a hood
to shelter them.
If the bees are wintered indoors
they should have temperature of 40
to as degrees. The place where they
are stored should be quiet and dark.
dry cellar is preferred to garnet
where the temperature varies.
In the poultry yard all the fowls
should be in their winter quarters
by the beginning of this month 1t is
best that the pullets should have time
to ge accustomed to their new quar-
ters before they commence to lay.
| If the fresh-air plan is to be fol-
| lowed, the windows or curtains should
be left open until the mercury drops
almost to zero. If the hens are rather
crowded. especially if burlap cur
| tain is dropped in front of the roost.
the windows may be left uncovered
throughout the winter except posi-
bly when there is a driving storm in
progress Fresh-air houses usually
mean healthy stock.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-09-19

A warning to alfalfa growers to
avoid the use of commercial Turke-
stan seed is contained in Department
Bulletin No. 1888. of the United States
Department of Agriculture. which is
shortly to be issued under the title.
Commercial Turkestan Alfalfa Seed"
Specialists of the department have
been investigating the comparative
merits of different kinds of alfalfa
seeds and have reached the conclu-
sion that there is nothing to recon-
mend the Turkestan variety for gen.
eral use in this country. 1t is. they
say, particularly unsuited to the
humid climate of the East which. as
a matter of fact. uses most of the
Turkestan seed imported into this
country. This seed is also not uf-
flciently hardy to warrant its gem
eral use in<the upper Mississippi VAL
ley, where hardness is an important
factor. The investigators. however,
are careful to distinguish between
commercial Turkestan alfalfa and
special strains of hardy alfalfas that
have been developed from certain in
Productions of seed from Turkestan.
Valuable varieties of alfalfa unques-
tionably exist in Central Asia but
these are at present only fitted for
use in experimental work in breed
ing.
At the present time approximately
one-fifth of the alfalfa seed used in
the United States is imported. OF
this quantity practically all-95 per
cent. in the last twelve months
comes from Russian Turkestan. In
the European market commercial
Turkestan is the cheapest seed
available; in this country its
wholesale price is less than that of
domestic seed. In spite of this fact,
however. mistaken belief in its su-
perior qualities has resulted In rails
ing its retail price to point fire.
quently above that of domestic seed
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-09-19

Cows Can Drink Too Much Cold Water.
Can a cow drink too much cold
water? II. M. j.
Caldwell
Yes, most surely. II a COW is
suffering from thirst and has access
to all she needs, she may take IN at
one time enough cold water to lower
materially the temperature of her
body, which will require additional
feed to restore; or in some cases even
enough to produce chill. This Is one
of the advantages of having water In
the barn where cows can have access
to it at all times. OF course, If they
can get to the water a couple of times
day there is little danger of their
drinking too much.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-09-19
It Pays to Raise Colts.

Does ii pay to raise colts?
Morristown. l.. G. F.
During the past few years consider
able profit has been realized from
raisln. colts. During the past decade
the av> age price of mature horses
has risen seventy-six per cent. Not
understanding this advance in price,
our farmers do not produce the horses
used within the State, and the horse
merchants in the larger cities are
obliged to go west for their supply.
In fact, many of our farmers do not
raise the horses used on their own
farms, and are thus obliged to go to
the cities to get them. Since the de-
mand is greater than the supply, we
have the very best horse markets in
the world
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-09-19
ASK THE QUESTION BOX"
What You Want to Know About Gardening Poultry and COun
try Problems Answered by Experts.

The requisite for full
proble
address, Initials
be question
the plant tstem and ieaves
Question Box the Evening star
N. j..
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-09-19
ycntiIating a Hen House from the Floor.

Yentilating a Hen House from the Floor.
Would 1t be advisable to ventilate
a henhouse from the floor instead of
the roof? w. Fl. 1.
Newark.
There is too little evidence on this
question to give a definite answer. =
The writer knows of one hous ven
tilated through the exit opening only,
the rest of the house being made tight
Ventilation within this building dur
ing the extremely cold weather
seemed satisfactory. At least the
production from this pen compared
favorably with other pens of fowls.
This house was in use in an ex-
tremely cold region.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-09-19

Currants.
What are the best eurrants 20
plant? w. H. G.
Nutley.
There is great difference of
opinion on this point. My own pref.
erence is for Wilder over all others
The next best are probably Perfec-
ton, Red Cross. Pomona, North Star.
Faye and some others. To my mind
Fayes run too small at end of the
cluster, and Cherry has too shorl
cluster to compete with others.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-09-19
Plankinr Cement Floors.

Would you advise putting plank
over the cement floor for horses to
stand on? M. J. orc.
Newark
When the stable floor is of cement
the stalls should be planked, as there
are many objections to having horses
stand and lie down on cement. The
cement under the plank need not be
as thick as in other places through
out the stable.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-09-19
Special or General Farming.

Which is the better to follow,
special or general farming?
Irvington. b. l.. S.
Much depends on the man and the
locality. On a small place well adapt
ed to certain things, such as fruit,
special farming is to be commended.
In most cases, what is known as gem
eral farming is better. With the lat
ter there are several sources of in
come, labor can be employed by the
year and 1t Is much easier to keep up
the fertility of the land.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-09-19
GOOD ADVICE

1t Is necessary, of course, to Sc
cure an ample supply of litter II
straw is not easily available, leaves
may be used, as they cost nothing,
and large quantities may be secured
in most suburban communities at
this time of year. They should be
stored where they will not become
damp, and the floor of the poultry
house should be covered several
inches deep.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-09-19

Straw is the litter most commonly
used, but it is not generally under
stood that rye-straw is much better
than wheat straw.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-09-19
sproutins of Trees from the Roots.

If as stated, the growth of the tree
comes from the leaves, what causes
the roots to sprout at times and at
other times to decay when the top is
cut off? A. G.
Newark.
The sprouting of trees from the
roots depends very largely upon the
variety of the tree. For example,
chestnut, Eastwood, elm and willow
quite readily reproduce themselves by
sprouts from the stump when the
tree is cut. On the other hand, this
practically never happens with pine,
hemlock, sugar maple and some other
varieties of trees. The time of year
also has an important bearing upon
the question Trees cut in winter or
early spring when O large amount of
nutriment Is stored in the roots, are
very much more likely to sprout
again than If cut in late SUMNER
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-09-19
value of skim MIX as a Feed

What is the value of skim milk as
a feed? ID. +,
Elizabeth. ~
Skim milk contains 81 per cent o.
digestible protein and a little less
than per cent. of carbohydrates. If
properly SKINNED there should be no
fat It's value is largely relative.
depending on the price of grain foods
for which it is a partial substitute,
and on the character of the animals
to which it is fed For instance, Il
is worth more for a very young pig
or calf than one that is nearly
mature. With present prices of grain
feeds the value of skim milk is not
much below 25 cents a hundred.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-09-19
Storing Cabbage.

What is the best method for sstor-
ing cabbage for family use in winter
Belleville. r. M. X.
II a cellar is available where the
temperature is just above the freez-
ing point cabbage may be hung by
the roots and will keep In excellent
condition. If the cellar is too cold a
barrel may be put in earth with a
cover and this protected by some
coarse material to keep out the frost
so that the cover can be easily raised
and the cabbage put there. For
spring use an excellent plan is to
throw out a couple of burrows on
porous soil, place the cabbage with
the heads down and cover them over
with earth. After the frost has drawn
out of the soil the cabbage may be
removed as used and should be fresh
and tender as when first gathered.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-09-19
lndications OF Ronr.

NJ. hens seem TO have some dis.
ease. Their eyes swell nearly shut
and there is discharge from the
nostrils. Can you tell me if this is
roup? If so, what shall I do for
them?
Newark. e. L. K.
The description given. here is in
dicative of roup. 1t is first neces-
caused the outbreak, and it is also.
vidual to quarters separate from the
simple remedy can be used: One
ounce of permanganate of potash dis
solved in three pints of water, using
one pint of the solution in three
quarts of drinking water. This
remedy can also be applied to the
individual as a dip. Grasp the wings
and legs of the fowl in one hand and
the back of the head in the other.
Thrust the bill into the solution and
hold there until the fowl draws in
slight amount of the solution, while
striving to breathe. This remedy
can also be used as a spray by forcing
1t into the nostrils and through the
slit in the upper part of the mouth.
1t cleans the discharge from the
membrane in the nasal passages.
It is also well to paint or spray the
perches with crude carbolic acid,
creased or carboleneum. The fumes
from these will be breathed by the
fowls while roosting, will loosen the.
discharge and help to clean out the
nasal passages.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-09-19
Ourrants.

about the base to prevent injury by
mice.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-09-19

The practice of feeding the poultry
grain in the litter should be begun
as soon as the fowls are confined IN
their permanent winter quarters.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-09-19

Peach Orchard During Winter.
What special care is required for
the peach orchard during the winter?
Verona. d. e. V.
It is usually the most convenient
time to do the pruning. Grass or
other rubbish should be taken from
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-09-19
To Make Grating wax.

Please give directions for making
grating wax and instructions for
using 1t. M. j. +.
Caldwell.
Melt together one pound of tallow,
two pounds of beeswax and four
pounds of rosin and pour into pail
of cold water; grease the fingers and
pull like candy. This should be soft
and pliable in moderately warm
spring weather, and can be applied
with the fingers. care being taken TO
cover all cut surfaces. 1t may be
necessary to grease the fingers occa-
sioinally to prevent the wax from
sticking. In cold weather use one
pint of linseed oil with one half-pint
of tolIoW
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-09-19

Feeding turkeys with chickens IS
bad policy. and throwing their feed
on ground where chickens trot is
hound 10 bring deadly blaclSheads'
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-09-19

Goose feathers range from SO cents
a pound for white to DO cents Tor
mixed.