Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1914-08-18


comprising two brigades flour regi.
ments or IL battalionsl, two regiments
Of field artillery comprising nine bat.
teries of field guns and three Of field
howitzers, tT2 pieces in alb. three
squadrons OF cavalry, one or two com.
panies Of pioneers, a bridge trs'N and
one or two barrier companies lCcl
corps troops, one battalion rifles, tele.
graph troops, bridge trains. ammuni.
ton columns. train tsupplyl battalion.
field bakeries, bearer companies and
field hospitals, etc. with, as a rule. ons
or two batteries OF heavy field howit.
GERS or mortars and machine gun
group. The remainder Of the cavalry
and horse artillery attached to the
army corps in peace goes In war tn
form the cavalry divisions. Certain
corps have an increased effective:
thus the guard has a whole cavalry
division and the first corps has three
divisions. Several corps possess an
extra infantry brigade OF two two-bat.
talicn regiments. but these unless sta.
tened on the frontiers are gradually
absorbed into new divisions and army
corps. In war several army corps, cav.
airy divisions and reserve divisions
are grouped In two or more armies
and in peace the army corps are di.
vided for purposes CT superiorg con.
troll amongst several army inspec.
tions."
The cavalry Is organized in regi.
ments OF cuirassiers, dragons. lane
ers. hussars and mounted rifles. the
~, yt,, Ro,,. ,o-,-fo,. 81
denot sauadrons. Troopers are armed
, with lance, sword and carhine ffor
which In 1908 the substitution of a
short rife with bayonet was suggest.
ed. In peace time the highest per.
manent organization IS the brigade
Of two regiments or eight squadrons
but in war and at maneuvers wi.
sicns Of three brigades. with horse ar.
tillery attached are formed.
The infantry consists Ct 216 regi.
ments. mostly Of three battalicns each
These are numbered apart from the
eight guard regiments and Bavarians.
serially throughout the army. Certain
regiments are STYLED grenadiers and
fusiliers In addition there are IS
ehasseur or rifle battalicns. The bat.
talien has always four companies.
each, at war strength. $50 strong. The
armament of the infantry IS the model
1898 magazine rife and bayonet
The field Including horse1 artillery.
consists in peace Of "a regiments sub.
divided into two or three groups, each
cf two or three six-gun batteries The
field gun in use is the quick-fring
gun 96-NA.
The foot artillery Is intended for
siege end fortress warfare. and to fur
nish the heavy artillery of the field
armv 1t consists Of 40 battalions
Machine gun attachments. resembling
four-gun batteries and horsad adtil-
lerv. we're formed to the number OF 16
in 1904-19O6 These are intended tn
work with the cavalry divisions. Az
forwards It was decided to form addi-
ticnal small grcups IT two guns
each. less fully horsed. to assist the
infantry. and certain number of
these were created In 1906-190S
The engineers are Q technical body,
mt concerned with field warfare or
With the command of troops On the
other hand. the pioneers (29 battal-
with duties corresponding roughly to
those ct field companies R. E. in Brit
fish arnlv Other branches represented
IN Great Britain bv the ROYAL Engi-
nrers ere known IN GERMANY nv the
title ef communication troops'' all
comprise railway telegraph and air
shin and balloon battaIiens. The train
Is charged with the duties Of supply
and transport There is one battalion
to each army corps.
Fortresses.-Tll fixed defenses
maintained by the German empire
fapart from naval ports and coast de-
fenses) belong to two distinct epochs
in the military policy of the state. In
the first period troughly 1S71-1S99J.
which Is characterized by the develop.
ment of the offensive spirit. the fort.
Eresses. except on the French and
Russian frontiers. were reduced to-
"a minimum In the interior only
Snandau. custrin. MadgeNnrg. Ingel-
stadt and Ulm were maintained as de-
rfensive supporting points. and similar
ly on the Rhine. which was formerly
studded with fortresses from Basel to
Emmerich, the defenses were limited
to New Breisach, Germersheim. Mainz.
Coblenz. Cologne and Vessel, all Of
barrier" character and not organized
specially as centers Of activity for
field armies. The French frontier, and
To less extent the Russian. were or
ganized offensivelv Metz. already sur
rounded by the French with a girdle
of forts. was extended and completed
as great entrenched camp. and
StrassbuTg which In 1870 possessed
no outlying works. was similarly ex-
banded, though the latter was regard
ed an instrument Of defense more than
ct attack On the Russian frontier
Kcnigsberg. Danzig. Them. Posen. Glo-
gan and on smaller scale Bowen In
East Prussia and Graudenz on the Wis
tula. were mcdernized and improved.
From 1899. however. Germany be.
gan to pay more attention to her fixed
defenses. and in the next year a long
line of Notifications came into exist.
ence en- the French frontier. the posi-
items and strength of which were regu.
lated with snecial regard to n new