The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1914-02-20
MADISON URGED
ANTI-TRUSTLAWS
CENTURY AGO
Hitherto Unpublished e ssay
Shows Monopoly Was Power.
ful Even In 1914
DOCUMENT APPLIES TO
PRESENT DAY CONDITIONS
Early President Saw Problems
/, Which Are Now Confronting
Nation In Acute Form

Nation In Acute Form
NEW YORK, Feb. 2o.-That James
lgedison. fourth president Of the Uni
TEA States, 100 years ago urged the
importance Of checking monopoly and
curling the spread Of corporation con.
eTol became known today with the
publication, In Harper's Magazine for
March. Of an hitherto unpublished a.
ticle BY him. The article. which Pres
Aent Madison called "Monopolies, Per.
pstuitiss. Corporations. Ecclesiastical
Gndowments," was not included Ia
the collection called The Madison
Papers" which the government pur-
chased from Mrs. Madison.
Madloon'o Own Words.
President Madison's essay contains
the following views on monopoly and
tho means OF checking T.:
'Monopolies though In. certain cases
useful ought 70 be granted with eau
tion. and guarded with strictness
against abuse. The constitution OF
the United States has limited them
% two cause.-The authors OF books,
and Of useful inventions, In both Of
which they are considered % . com.
pensation for . benefit actually gained
TO the community - = purchase OF
property which the owner might
otherwise withhold from public use.
ThAra can b no Just objection to .
temporary monopoly IN these cases;
but II ought 70 be temporary because
under that limitation Z sunAcient 70.
eompenes and encouragement may be
Owen.
I'm IN cases Of monopoly, not On.
cepting those In favor Of authors and
Inventors, It would b well 70 reserve
70 the stat . right 70 extinguish the
monopoly BY paying . specified and
reasonable sum. This would guard
against the public discontenta result
ing from the exorbitant gains Of In
dividuals, and from the inconvenient
restrictions combined with them. This
view OF the subject suggested the
clause In the bill relating TO J. Rum
sey In the Virginia legislature In the
year 1884. providing that the state
might cancel his privilege By paying
him 10000 pounds.
The Bank Monopoly.
! Perpetual monopolies Of every
sort are forbidden not only By the
genius Of free governments. but by
the imperfection Of human foresighb
Among such monopolies' cannot be
included the grants IN perpetufty Of
public lands to individuals, the grants
6eing made according TO rules Of Inn.
partiality. for . valuable considers
Uon; md III hands being held equal
ee~Asx~~v~~ 0~~,-n ASn v>s,N lao Hhn
Vital principle of monopoly - lost The
benefit n not confined to one or .
few, but u enjoyed BY the whole or
majority OF the community.
The evil Of An excessive ana
dangerous emulation Of landed prop.
erty In the hands Of individuals II
hest precluded BY the prohibition Of
entails, by the suppression Of the
rights OF primogeniture. and by the
liability Of landed property to the pay.
ment OF debts. In countries whore
there 10 . rapid increase Of popula;
tion. 40 IN the United States, these
provisions are evidently sufficient:
and IN all countries would probably
be found 90. The ordinary limita-
ton on incorporated societies 10 .
nroyiso that their laws shall not vio.
late the laws Of the land. But how
easily may Il happen that redress for
such violations may not be pursued
into effect? How much injury may
accrue during the pursuit Of redressf
And above ali, how much local injus.
fIoe and oppression may b committed
hy laws and regulations. not In strict
construction violating any law Of the
land.
Madlson's ouooestlone.
.swithin the local limits. parties
generally exist founded on different
sorts Of property, sometimes On d.
visious By streets or little streams;
frequently on political and religious
diRerences. Attachments 20 rival IN
dividusls, are not seldom = source
- ne eome divisions. n I'll these
oaaeo. the party anim0sities are the
more violent % the compass OF the
sneiety NAY more easily admit Of the
conta Zion And collision Of the paS.
sions: and according 70 that violence
q the danger OF oppression ~ ems
paSty On the other; By the majority
on the minority.
'sThe ways IN which this can %
effected, even beyond the cognisance
AZ the paramount INV Oh VIC seAu ~
scarce any other limits than the IN
seuuity and interest Of those who
nossess the power. Il . tax to DO col
iHcted? What inequality may attend
- rule or mode OF assessmentY q
: public building to b erected. wnas
4 20 guard against partially or fav
oeatIsm IN fixing it, site? j. there 9
sinsie regulation Of police which VIII
"a differently affect the componen'
nsrts Of the society, and a3ord a op
nertnnity 20 the majority % sacrincs
~ eAeir prejudices or their coeyen1
socv the conveniency Or the iAter
- Of the minor party.
sThe most effectual ana pesneps
- least oxceptionable pfovisjog
sr.inst them. seems to b that Of %
nSro6ding 10 the general restraint q
~ Nv o. the land, . previous yeee
n soms impartial and convenisn'
euarter on ehch particular bylaw
BOLTON STILL ENEMY
OF REFORM MEASURES
paw1n c. Bolton, chairman q th'
A~orA Of estimates, who took % &C