The Celina Democrat. (Celina, O. [Ohio]) 1895-1921, 1914-03-20


tress and squalor and hunger is still
present in the slums Of some Of the
larger cities of Ireland. But over the
richer rural parts Of Ireland has come
intelligent organized industry and en-
thusiastic energy which make it as
rich and prosperous as the richest
portions Of the great middle west in
America. Rural Ireland is unquestion-
ably a regenerate Ireland. The process
of regeneration is progressing. Pros
perity is crowding out poverty and In
vading even those regions which have
heretofore been considered the natural
strongholds of poverty.
How Prosperity Came to iceland.
There are several contributing
causes for this changed condition. The
land tenure laws have done wonders.
Under old conditions the slightest in
dication of prosperity upon the part
of the tenant, if it were only a new cap
or the wife a clean apron, meant a
raise in rent. It was to the advant-
age Of the tenant farmer to seem more
miserable than he was. The system
put a premium on squalor and ragged
ness and slovenly farming. No one
could safely whitewash his cottage or
plant a tree or cultivate a flower. Now
all is changed Three hundred thou
sand farmer tenants are now purchas-
ing their holdings under a beneficent
law, which permits the purchase Of the
land without the advance payment Of
a cent. The only obligation upon the
purchaser is that he pay annually "a
per cent. upon the value of the little
farm as interest and less than one-half
per cent as an installment upon the
principal. Under this law the entire
tenant class are acquiring their homes
by the annual payment of sums aggre-
eating considerably less shan the for
mer rent.
Plunkett Teaches Cooperation.
There can be no doubt that rural
Ireland is making a business success of
farming. But it is not doing its bust
ness in a business-like way because of
any spontaneous impulse on the part
of the Irish farmer. 1t Is rather be.
cause business-like Irishmen went
about organizing the business pro-
cedure of rural enterprises in a most
business-like way. The leader Of these
business-Eke Irishmen is Sir Horace
Plunkett- To him Ireland owes more
than it will ever realize. From the
first his propaganda was educational.
His proposition was that the Irish
farmer must be taught the efficacy Of
combination in industries He did not
believe In subsidies or subventions
Nor did he believe that relief would
come through legislation or through
state aid In any form. AS Father Fin
lay, professor of econimics in the Ma
tional University Of Dublin, says: "The
farmers best resources he held to be
themselves, and in their own intelli-
gence, self-reliance and mutual trust,
and these resources it was his pur-
pose to develop"
He Encounters Difficulties.
There seemed to be most excellent
reasons why he could not succeed. The
Irish people were dispirited and dis
couraged. They were suspicious and
afraid Of all new movements. Sir
Horace Plunkett himself belonged to
the despised landlord class, with which
the people had been long in constant
conflict.
AS Father Finlay says: TN religion
he was a Protestant and his appeal
would be to q people predominantly
Catholic in country where religious
antagonisms prevade every sphere Of
social life. In politics-so far as he
was a politician-he was a Untonist,
and those whom he proposed to infu-
ence were Nationalists by vast ma
jority, keenly suspicious Of any policy
which threatened to divert the mind
of the nation from the political aims
on which 1t was passionately bent"
It is not surprising, therefore, that It
was only after more than a year of
strenuous efforts and after more than
fifty public meetings had been held,
than in 1889 body of Limerick farm
ers finally consented to establish a CO
operative creamery. 1t was again over
q year before a second one followed
suit. BY the end Of 1891, however,
seventeen creameries were at work,
and at the end Of 1893 thirty had been
organized. Thereafter the cooperative
societies were organized more rapidly.
Now cooperation and good business
method prevail throughout Ireland.
There are $50 cooperative so
rieties upon the island. With an ag-
gregate paid up share capital of about
, million dollars their annual turnover
p s=elVe million dollars.