Norwich bulletin., 1914-12-07
THE WAR PRIMER By National Geographic Society

neck of French territory jutting up ] into Belgium along the valley of the Mouse. IS miles northeast ef Rocroi, 1 and 2S miles north of Mezieres- The town was originally two small villages, l one on each side of the river. Louis XIV fortified them under Vauban and united them into one town. In 1892 all of the Qualifications, with the ex- ception of the citadel of Chariemont, on precipitous rock 700 feet high, l were demolished. The town Is inn portant as the junction of lines from Paris to Namur, and Vervins to lures of paper, glue, leather, beer. to- i bacco, soap, sealing-wax and copper ware. Nearby are large blue limestone quarries. The place was one of the possession of the allies by the second treaty of Paris in 1s15. Its population is about 5000.
 St. Benoit-A hamlet of northeast ern France, in the Woevre district, nine miles from the Lorraine border, p miles southeast of Verdun and about the same distance southwest, of abbey founded there in 112e. The ruins of the ancient structure have been removed. The village has a population of but a few hundred peo- pie and has no industries of any size. | conflens-A village of extreme llOTIA6dSL6Tn FTduCSp ID ullleS west or Metz and 21 miles east of Verdun, at | the confluence of the Iron River with the Orne. In 1S46 the town had a population of 400 and today its inl1ab- itants do not number more than 500. Its sole importance is due to its To- cation at the junction of, railroads from the east and west. north, north east and south. Fairs are held there semi-annually.
 ChauInes-A town of northern France. 23 miles east of Amiens and 22 miles west of St. Quentin, at the intersection of railroads connecting Montdidier and Peronne, and Amiens and aon. The town manufactures rubber goods. Its population Is about -2ga. prs, ticaily he some. that it was in the middle of the last century The ruins nf an ancient chateau may be seen there.
 Fleurbaix-A village of northern France. seven miles north of west of J He and but few miles from the Fe'gia1 border. with a popuia ion aife,f1v c---ee Ti-r 5np The rfare ~a- -rnrr~ia' status h'rt P-r5ec nr a
 tr5de in cCal n ined r !he G.s-
 Spada-A French village, four miles north of St Mihiel, on the Creue. an miles east of south of Verdur. l. tSc 9fu h of the oevre district. The "C0uITt;or rr--h rs less tran ha'H 8 ho-ard. and rin -ipaIly are em. .cyed
 the na ufacture of paper.
 Menin-A Belgian town, seven miles south of west of Courtrai and Il miles north of Lille, on the left bank of the Lys River, which separates it from France. The place is wel-built and was formerly strongly fortified, it's de- lenses being removed however in 174S. The town was unimportant prior to l frO s,,9 after it was ceded to Spain. >France recaptured it in 1867, and it repeated ly changed hands afterwards. The town has a population of about 21,000 and manufactures lace. cotton, linen, fan nei, soap, tobacco, leather and beer. T Sultzeren-An AIsatian town, two miles northwest of Munster at the form the Kleinthalbach. Nearby, to the northwest, are three lakes. the Daaren, Vert and DaarenSee, which have a wide reputation for the excel lent fishing they provide. The town is picturesquely situated at the. foot of the Vosges. It has population of about 2,O00 and manufactures cloth, cotton and Munster cheese.
 Novogsorgievsk-One of the units of the Polish Quadrilateral, forming with Warsay, Ivangorod and Brest-LitoVsk 0 series of powerful Notifications ir . is Is miles northwest of Warsaw, at the confluence of the Vistula and the Bug, and. in recent years, has been strengthened by a circle of eight , powerful Notifications erected in a perimeter about ten miles from the center works. It is supposed to pre- vent the turning of Warsaw by an at- atcl from the direction of the lower Vistula- The @iace was formerly call ed Modlin, by which name it is still known by the Poles. Napoleon first fortified Modlin in 1907 and it was , subjected to several seiges in ISIS and in 1S30-31.
 Novoradomska-A town of Russian Poland. g. miles from the German ! border, 25 miles west of south ol Piotrkow. near the Warta River and on the line from Warsaw to Cracow The place has an active trade and manufactures leather furniture, wool ems, lumber and iron goods. An an cient Franciscan convent is loacate6 there. The town has population oi about 16,00O.
 kutno-A Russian town in Poland