davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1914-01-09
REFERENDUM VOTING.
srieklayers' organ DISGUISE. Return to
i Representative Government.

8rieklayers' Organ Discusses Return to
Representative Government.
In commenting on the recent refcren-
dunn vote Of the Bricklayers. Masons
and Plasterers' international union. in
which the question Of %afiliat;on with
the American Federation of Labor
was overwhelmingly defeated, an edi-
torial in the International, the organ
of the union, states that: I'm the
larger unions the returns show that
there was absolutely no interest dis
played in the question whatever. and
If this is the best showing that can be
made, taking into consideration that
special meetings must be called by
each union to vote upon referendum
questions. then we do not hesitate to
say that popular votes or votes by
unions upon important questions af-
fecting the important interests of our
international union are farcical and
should be discontinued. and our con-
ventions. composed of live. active men
in our affairs. who give careful thought
to N1itIeFS LudC concern our stunning
In the labor world and also to all
things that affect our industry gener-
ally. should declare the system extinct
so far as our organization is concerned.
Our international union is not the
only n to prove that the popular
system Of voting has proved a failure
us we'll as the voting by snions. The
Fart is that every labor organization
adopting the system has had the same
experience that we have had. and
gradually each one is returning to the
representative form of government.
1t is hiScourasing. to say the least. to
those who believe in popular vote gov
nrnment."
The editorial says further: "While
tEa returns show that 81 per cent of
III unions voted upon the proposition.
only % per REM Of our total member
ship cast their votes. In other words.
out Of 936 unions on our rolls with a
total membership Of S2.35O., $50 sub
mittad returns. giving Il total vote cast
Of 2O.3:,51."
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1914-01-09
TRADE UNION NOTES.

hi 3S liz 49, a&s@aHGI As-SS sL. 2aTt. ftT-f.
The police Of Philadelphia stopped
all picketing by the striking garment
workers.
The house of bishops of the Protes-
tant Episcopal church went on record
us opposed to child labor.
John Golden Of Fall River vas re
Gently reelected president Of the Unit
ed Textile Workers for the tenth ON.
secutiye term.
Boston stationary engineers want an
eight hour day and six day work week
I'm ali continuous running plants
Several employers Of labor In New
York city have been fined the maxi
mum penalty for locking the doors Of
their factories while employees we're
Esat work.
Governor Amln0ns OF Colorado WAS
recently prevented by armed guards
from entering upon the property ct the
Yictor.Anertcaln Fnel company u Vat "a,
se.D,hurg. tie woFkmen ct whlchl seif
a. strike s%s s2s #sss
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1914-01-09
C0NvICTs BUILD ROADS.
Colorado Prisoners Have Constr listed
Most Beautiful Drive.

Most Beautiful Drive.
Colorado convict> have worked the
roads Of that state with much Success.
Thomas j. Ryan. a new warden of the
penitentiary. has started many prison
reforms in that state. one of which IN
the placing Of many prisoners in
camps and working them Oh roads.
Harper's Weekly says Of this work:
The convict road camps are the
pride Of Tom Ryan's heart. he be-
lieves that convict labor is going to
solve the road problem Of the nation.
Furthermore. he Is proving his theories
in practice, Canon City ~convicts have
built some Of the finest highways In
the world. including the celebrated
''sky line drive" extending along a hog
back 800 feet above the Arkansas val
ley and Offering a superb view on both
sides. At present q big road gang Of
TRUSTEES is putting the finishing touches
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1914-01-09

4 GOOD TYPE OF A COUNTY JAIL.
A young man becomes idle and gets
into bad company. He commits q
crime and is sentenced to Jail for six
months or ii year. lie CUES from bad
company to the worst company that
the whole county can afford. He goes
from occasional idieness to IN idleness
that is enforced through a long period
Of time. The Jail has nc refOrmatory
features. Most persons who have been
in Jail for 81 year are untitled ever to
be turned ont upon society again. Such
u man Is Il much more dangerous per.
son than lie was when be went in. be-
cause his tastes have been depraved
by bad company and bad practices and
he has learned the technique Of crime.
Imprisonment may be Il punishment to
the convict and 1t may not. To the
idle and the vicious. who do not regard
It as u disgrace. confinement. especially
In the winter time. with free food. q
good bed and idle life with congenial
companions. is not much of a penalty.
The fail IL II great source of expense
to the county. both directly and indi-
rectly. Thu county has to build the
Jail and pay for the board of the in
mates. Meanwhile the families Of
these men often require assistance or
the children 60 wrong under the pres
sure OF want and loss of social posi-
ton. The county incurs this great ex-
pense In order to support In tdleness
Q company mostly Of a%bIebodied men.
The cure is not far to seek-the jails
should he merely the receiving stations
for those awaiting immediate trial. As
soon ax sentence Is pronounced. the
prisoners should be sent to state insti-
tutions where they can be put to work
or. in case Of counties Of large popula-
tion. to those tasks which the county
may assign. Kansas City has a good
solution. The annual expense Of main
tanning the Jail had been about t40.-
600 u year. It purchased 4 tract Of
1910 acres about ten miles outside the
city and moved most Of its prisoners
there. They made the roads and built
the buildings and started m extensive
system Of truck farming. Considering
the increased value Of the property,
With the roads and buildings and the
vaius Of the pEoducts. the IAN has -
come elf suppordng, and . wags5oe
70 cents . day b paid 70 ths fanl1os'
.afs the convjct1-Ameslcan CITY.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1914-01-09
upLIF1 OF TolLERs.
English Parson Began Movement For
Improvement Of Workinamen.

English Parson Began Movement For
Improvement Of Workingmsn.
1t was in October. 1860. that the
Rev. Henry Solly of Lancaster, Eng
land, organized the W0rkingmen's
Mutual Improvement and Recreation
society. the pioneer institution for the
mental and social uplift Of the toll
ing masses.
Very sorrowful is the story of the
working people from the earliest time
we'll down into the nineteenth CEN
fury. Socially the laborer was a no.
body. and If he was permitted to have
a reasonable suficiency Of coaa'e fare
and a pile of straw to sleep On at
night it was as much as he had any
right to expect.
For ages no II ever dreamed that
the men who did the worlds work
might have a desire to better them
selves socially. might have the wish
to hear music, to look at 81 picture.
to read a good book. to sit down ut
night when the days work was over
in a place that was clean. cheerful
and comforting. The idea would have
seemed perfectly ridiculous had 1t been
offered. The workingman needed only
muscular strength and the will to
work. AS for social aspirations. knowl-
edge. a respect for his domestic sur
roundings-that was all nonsense. So
the upper tendon thought. and. to
make matters still worse. the workers
themselves were largely of the same
opinion. AS a rule, they were content
ed with their wretched lot and seemed
to feel that they were getting all that
they were entitled to-all. in fact. that
was possible.
Beginning. however. with the great
hearted English clergyman. things be-
gan to look up. Starting with DR..
Solly's club among the Lancashire
weavers. the propaganda for the i'm
provement of the workingman's condi-
tion had assumed worldwide proper
lions. and the vital problem. so long
ignored. of the emancipation Of the
workers from the ignorance and
squalor Of the ages. has in II time
become the burning issue in every
civilized land. Rev. Thomas B. Greg
ory in New York Evening Journal.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1914-01-09


to a magnificent mountain highway
near Trinidad. Another gang has just
completed d perfect boulevard o
Meeting Canon City and Colombo
Springs. 1t was opened with impress
sive ceremonies by the governor and
other tubilant citizens Of Colorado.
At present many convicts are en-
ployed Oh a scen!s. highway from Ca
non City to the top of the Royal gorge.
Nearly every foot Of this eight miles Of
mountain road il being blasted out Of
solid rock. The road sweeps in majes-
tic curves around the eternal hills, and
every one of the countless arroyos-dry
and harmless looking In summer, but
bank full and dangerous in the spring
Ia bridged with u wide arched culvert
Of stone. The highway winds upward
in a series Of easy grades. most Of
which Ear be taken by an automobile
ON high gear" and when the road L.
completed the eight mile run from
Canon City to the very brink Of tho
1000 foot gorge will be a matter Of
ease.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1914-01-09
Warn. AGAINST WAGE Cuts.

Notice was served on employers of
labor ut Flint. Mich. recently by Sec.
rotary Eedhpld Of the department Of
commerce that he had not abandoned
his intention Of investigating general
reductions of wages made on the plea
that the new tariff compelled retrench-
mrnt. The secretary voiced his views
in an address before the Flint board
II commerce.
The secretary declared that the
threats of reduction in wages as a re-
snlt Of the Underwood tariff law had
become few OF late. This he attribut-
Ell directly to the declaration Of the
administration that it would act
promptly where such threats car:
riel ont.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1914-01-09
New York. Labor commi.sioner.

NOW JUN .d00T SVUuutVtoosVbs0ts
James NJ. Lynch of Syracuse. who
was appointed commissioner Of labor
for New York by Governor Glynn. has
served fourteen years as president of
the international Typographical union.
Commissioner Lynch has always held
that the hest time to settle a strike
was before. the strike commenced and
that settlement could best be reached
through calm and passiOnless discus
sion Of all the points involved between
the parties ut issue. Through his wise
direction the typographical union has
been brought to the point where it is
today the strongest labor organization
in this country and n that has least
trouble with the employers.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1914-01-09
THE COUNTY JAIL
ASER|OUSMENAC
Below the Level Of Penal In
stituions.
IT IS A SCHOOL OF CRIME

demned by the international conven-
ton Of criminoIogists. Who Praised
Other American Penal Institutions.
Il Supports the Vicious In Idieness.
At the time it was decided to hold
the international convention of crimi-
nologists in the city Of Washington
more than a year ago congress appro-
priated $4,000 in order that these for
eign students Of crime might visit at
our expense our penal institutions. AS
they went about there was much
praise of some of our state peniten-
tlaries and reformatories. but an al
most universal condemnation Of our
county jails. as not merely below the
level of u other penal institutions.
but as below the standards OF all 9th.
err civilized countries.
County jails are usually open to in
spectiOn. and one does not need to be
very expert to see the evils that were
pointed out. The Jail is usually in
charge of a sheriff, who is elected each
year or two years by popular vote. He
probably knows nothing about crimi-
nology or the care of criminals. He
is elected because he is personally
popular. He is the superior officer
of the county. and. while his services
are entirely amateur and inexpert. he
is irresponsible and without any reg
uIar supervision.
The jails will often be found to he
in filthy condition and without any
adequate ventilation. The inmates
lead their lives largely in common. and
the vilest outrages are sometimes COM
mitted on the weaker members. In
many jails Juvenile offenders are still
put in with hardened criminals. The
language is often full Of that mean
ingless obscenity and profanity which
make u intelligence as we'll as our
virtue blush. The inmates are idle.
of course. Of playing cards.
The Jail has been termed "a school
Of crime ut public expense" It is sure
ly admirably fitted for that purpose.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1914-01-09
INSPIRING EXAMPLES.
Loyal Workers Generously Rewarded
by Wills of Employers.

Loyal Workers Generously Rewarded
by Wills Of Employers.
Like Benjamin Altman of New York.
Herman Simon of Easton. Pa. left
the greater part of his business to be
continued Jointly by the employees
who had served him we'll during his
lifetime. Simon was a wealthy manu-
lfacturer of silk products, whose death
occurred a short time previous to that
Of Mr.. Altman. An interest in his
manufacturing business to the value
Of $ 33.77:lO.O 900 was given to employees.
These persons could have converted
it directly into cash had they so de-
sired. But even those who had mort
cages on their houses or other flnan-
cial needs agreed with the majority
to retain the shares bequeathed in
recognition of long and faithful serv-
ice and continue. at work not mere
IT. as employees. but as profit sharing
partners. -.'.
Mr.. Simon's prosperity brought In its
train a competence for thousands who
worked in the mills he built. He put
uron the market a useful staple. and
he regarded the artisans not merely
as hired helpers. hut as his colleagues
in til" production Of an article Of en-
during valur. FIis last testament. &C.
,ording to the Philadelphia Ledger. is
the reflection not alone Of II generous
disposition. but of an insight into the
philosophy OF business that marks the
man Of broad horizon and acute Der-
ception. who deserves to command and
to succeed. who sets an inspiring ex-
ample. re
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1914-01-09
CARE OF SHADE TREES.
ohsnt, Belgium, Provides q Model Fol-
Other Cities to Follow.

Client, Belgium, Provides q Model For
Other Cities to Follow.
In dealing with the problem Of con-
serving shade trees on sidewalks mu
inequalities might we'll take a leaf out
Of the book of the Belgian city Of
Client. where tree conservation is very
effectually provided for. Ordinarily.
the shade tree where there Is q pave.
ment has. but Il poor chance of thrifty
growth. Where the pavement ia car
.ried close to the stem Of the tree the
surface water supply Is cut OF and
the health of the tree suffers. Where
in unpayed space Is left around the
tree the effect is unsightly. rubbish is
apt to accumulate and pedestrians are
lnconvenienced.
The Client plan, al noted In a report
Of the American consular agent In that
city. is to leave y two foot space all
around the tree and pave up to 9 dush
iron ring, within which there IL q re-
cess receiving a sectional removable
iron grating dush with the sidewalk.
The diameter Of the inner ring Of the
grating varies according To the size Of
the tree to be protected. The device
islS said. to work admirably. insuring In
alnlitost every instance the life Or the
tree.
It is In Nuch seemingly triding de-
.tails % this that the municipal spirit
frequently has tts hest manifestation.
Where there In care for the lesser nd.
vantares and conveniences II a 4 rea.
sonnbie5 certainty that there 70 neg
slsct of the greater obligations q goy.
sIsnnment. y
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1914-01-09
ROADS IN WISCONSIN.

Stats Highway Appropriation 10 Lar;
ger Than Ever.
The growth Of the good roads prop,
aganda Is we'll illustrated By thoi
amount of money provided By the
state Of Wisconsin.
For 1914 that amount 70 S1,20000eea
whereas for the present year II - only
$818.534. and for 1912 Il was t463,417.ss
These moneys are distributed among
the counties In propordon 70 their
nesds. Milwaukee getting ths largest
share. &98l.720.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1914-01-09
Indianapolis Street Car Strike.

JHuTauAP0TS Str0VI C2V osrTNos
The strike Of the newly formed
Street Railway Mems union of Indian
apofis affected about 700 men. The
strike was the climax Of two months
effort ON the part Of the union to get
the companies to consider its demands
for higher wages. shorter hours. recOg-
milton Of the union and future arbitra-
ton Of all differences. The officials of
the companies. however. have stead
fastly refused to acknowledge that
their men belonged to a union or had
any grievances.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1914-01-09
RaiIway Car Men.

J. The Brotherhood OF Railway Car Men
Of America has just chartered three
new lodges. one Mt Cambridge. o.: one
ut Quanan. Tex. and the other at
Thurmond. W. Va.
The Goldfield news and weekly tribune. [volume] (Goldfield, Nev.) 1911-1947, 1914-03-28
START WORK SOON
ON OLD CANDELARIA NINE

The old Holmes mine at Candle
laria is going to be reOpened after
a suspension of twenty-five years,
when the property was closed down
by the low price OF silver under the
administration of President Cleve.
land. The Holmes management had
a mill and rooster, but it is supposed
these will be abandoned and modern
methods of cyanide separation sub
stituted.
George E. Hirefall. who has been
working on a reorganization for the
past year, will be in charge. He
has financed a company to handle
the mine on a large and economi.
cal scale and the output of 100000
900 credited to the Holmes mine will
have a few more dollars added to
the first figures after it resumes run
ming.
The Goldfield news and weekly tribune. [volume] (Goldfield, Nev.) 1911-1947, 1914-03-28

Archie j. Orem, general manager
of the Nevada-Douglas, was a YER
ington visitor Thursday. He states
that engineers are working on plans
for the big teaching plant to be in
stalled by the company and that con-
struction work will begin cry short
ly as it is the intention to have the
plant in full operation this year. A
large amount of development work
is going on in ali parts OF the prop
erty. Diamond drills are at work in
the lower levels of the Ludwig pOr-
ton of the property and some large
bodies of ore have been encountered.
The Casting Copper section is look
ing particularly well and a very large
tonnage of ore has been opened up
and blocked out. No unusual effort
is being made in the way of produc-
ton and only the regular tonnage is
being shipped daily, which is making
the company a neat profit each month.
ton. With the teaching plant in up
erat:'E the company will be p9Jtn"
dividends, and good ne ones. every
year.
Yesterday a 16-horse team passed
through the city loaded with a 40
horsepower gasoline hoist en- route
to the Montana-Yerington property.
AS soon as this plant is installed quite
a force of miners will be employed on
this property and a large amount of
development work. as outlined, will
be carried out. The Gunn-Thomp-
son syndicate has secured a very
large acreage both north and south
of the Montana-Yerington which it
will take some time and many men
feel out. The work in progress in
the Acknowledgment is showing
very satisfactorily, enough so to ne
ce3sitate a larger plant of machin-
cry as indicated by the installation
of the above hoist, etc.
The Y%erington Mountain property
The Goldfield news and weekly tribune. [volume] (Goldfield, Nev.) 1911-1947, 1914-03-28
OVER OLD DUMPS

J.. H. Ingram and VIM. Gallagher
left this morning for Gold Park and
Rawhide for the purpose of looking
W. a number of failing dumps in
that country and also some placer
ground which they have in view. If
any dumps car be found that will pay
to work they will take a lease. Nego-
tiations are on between Mr.. Ingram
and other parties for taking over the
failing dumps of the Austin Manhat-
tan company at Austin, one at the
site of the old mill and the other at
the present mill at the foot of the
grade. They are now awaiting the
confirmation of the sale of the prop
erty before closing the deal.-Reese
River Reveille.
The Goldfield news and weekly tribune. [volume] (Goldfield, Nev.) 1911-1947, 1914-03-28
STATES ONLY GOLD DREDGE
is GIVING GOOD RESULTS

The gold dredge operating in the
Unionville district is said to be work
ing almost continually with the ex-
ception of the time spent in clean
ups the results being very satisfac-
tory. 1t is kept running on a TWEEN
ty-fOur hour schedule.
The average of the ground is IL u
cents to the cubic yard, the gold con-
tent being of a granular nature with
almost no fine gold to contend with,
the bulk of the saving being made
on the first sections of the 9O-foot
table and the quality of the gold run
ming to a good figure.
The dredge is a standard machine
and handles five and a half cubic feet
to the bucket, averaging 1900 to
1000 cubic yards to the twenty-four
hours. The capacity would be in
creased 800 per cent if electrical
power could be had, but operating
with gasoline the machine cannot
produce it's maximum.
This dredge is owned and run by
the Federal Mines company and en-
joys the distinction of being the only
dredge operating in Nevada.-Hum-
boldt Star.
The Goldfield news and weekly tribune. [volume] (Goldfield, Nev.) 1911-1947, 1914-03-28
GOLD CREEK GOLD
LEDGE VERY LARGE

RAY. Ariz., March 23.-The Colo
Creek gold ledge, the scene OF SO
much recent excitement, is the center
of a great deal of mining activity.
This ledge has been traced 1000 feet.
The ASSAYS run from $50 to $1,000
per ton and many specimens as hlgh
as $4,000 to $4,000 a ton.
Detailed examination has SHOWN
that the ledge is a true assure vein
with a diorite dyke and schist as the
other wall. The mineralized zone Is
200 to 800 feet wide, and in some
places is as wide as 600 feet.
Several gold discoveries occurred
in this vicinity in the sos, but the
finds were lower down the range. II
is now pretty generally agreed that
these pioneer findings were values
erode from the mother lode and de-
posited in cash assure veins below.
l.. S. Gates. manager of the Ray
Consolidated Copper company, and
John C. Devine, the owners OF some
of the best claims in Gold Greek, are
proceeding steadily with the develop
ment of their ground. Many others
are also preparing to take out gold.
The Goldfield news and weekly tribune. [volume] (Goldfield, Nev.) 1911-1947, 1914-03-28
YER|NGTON MINING DISTRICT

has a large amount of good shipping
ore piled up, but there is still lots
Of ice on the hill road and hauling
has been impossible. 1t is under
stood that the company has let a con-
tract for ore hauling from April 1
which will NEAR the shipment of a
carload of ore every other day for
some time and probably a carload a
day before the summer is over.
G.. A. Moulton, who has a lease on
the New Y%erington property, shipped,
the latter part of the week, a carload
of nice ore to the smelter. Mr.. MOul-
ton is getting some nice ore on the
property and now thai tile roads can
be travelled will probably make reg
ular shipments. He has put a few
more miners to work this week.
The Miami people started the fifth
drill hole on the Empire-Nevada
ground this week. From all appear
ances the company is well satisfied
with what is being found in these
holes, and they will make the fiat
across the river look like a sieve
before the summer is over.-Yering-
ton Times.
The Goldfield news and weekly tribune. [volume] (Goldfield, Nev.) 1911-1947, 1914-03-28
WILL BEGIN OPERATIONS
ON THE BUCKSKIN MARY

AL Adell, one of the original To-
Gators of the Buckskin Mary com
pany's property on Buckskin noun
tain, and at present a director IL the
company, came in from camp Satur-
day by team. Sunday morning he
left for camp with a load of supplies,
accompanied by President Ben Far
rar. Upon their arrival a camp will
to work in the 5O-fOOt shaft. AS soon
as the snow gOes off, more men will
engage in thoroughly prospecting the
ground, and additional miners will be
put to work as fast as conditions will