Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-06-06

remove Il. The mucous mem Drang
beneath the deposit is found, when
the latter Is removed, to be lnhamed,
liberated and bleeding, but Il is soon
covered Dy a new deposit. This de-
post Is called q false membrane, and
when IL Is situated where the air
passes over II IN breathing 1t dries,
. becomes uneven and assured, and its
color changes 10 q dark brown. With
/. pigeons the deposit is more frjable
and easily removed, and the mucous
membrane beneath It Is Redeemed, but
not liberated.
While the false membranes over the
parts first affected are becoming
thicker, the Inflammation extends to
the adjoining surfaces, and new diph-
theritie centres develop, uniting with
tongue, the palate, the throat, and
the inside Of the nostrils are covered.
Very often the Inflammation extends
from the nostrils to the eyes and the
sacs beneath the eyes, and some
times It penetrates the air tubes to
the lungs or the guilet TO the crop.
This extension of the disease leads
TO the appearance Of other symptoms.
The Inflammation in the nostrils
causes sneezing and the escape Of a
thin, Hatery secretion from the nasal
, fill up the nasal passages and the
! throat and obstruct the breathing; a
thick, viscid secretion collects on the
eyelids and CLUES them together; the
sacs under the eyes fill up, and
swellings are caused which disfigure
the head the poison which IS pro-
duced by the growth OF the microbe
beneath the false membranes is abb
sorbed and affects the nervous sys.
tenn, causing dulness, depression, and
sleepiness. The affected bird stands
with the neck extended and the beak
open to facilitate the entrance of air
into the lungs, and from the corners
Of the mouth there hang strings OF
thick. tenacious. grayish mucous. At
this time. which may be from three
to five days from the appearance Of
the first symptoms, the condition is
very serious. Swallowing Is difficult
or impossible; the breathing IS so OBJ
structed that hardly sufficient air
can be inhaled to support life; the
head is swollen; the eyes are nearly
or entirely closed; the feathers of the
head, neck, and breast are foul with
the decomposing secretions from the
nostrils and mouth; there is consid-
cradle fever; an exhausting diarrhea
sets in; there is rapid loss OF weight;
the comb and wattles become pale
and cold; the temperature of the body
finally sinks below the normal, and
death soon follows.
When false membranes form in the
gullet. crop, and intestines. there is
rapid aggravation of the symptoms,
an intestine diarrhea. and an escape
Of blood with the droppings. This
type OF the disease Is more frequent
with water fowl than other birds.
Some fowls in a flock are resistant,
and after a few days of Illness make
a rapid recovery. Others remain dull.
weak, and thin in flesh, and may
have more or less catarrh and diff
Guilty of breathing for a long time
The period between exposure TO the
contagion and the appearance of the
first symptoms varies from three to
fifteen days: the duration of the dis
case varies from two TO three days to
as many weeks. in the acute cases,
while the chronic form may continue
| for several months. The average
death rate is from 50 to 60 per cent. OF
| the flock
Treatment Seldom Pays.
The treatment Of fowls affected
with diphtheria requires much time
! and patience, and. as rule. does not
| pay. It is better TO kill those affect
.
infect the poultry houses. and in that
way eradicate the contagion as soon
as possible, even if the whole flock
must be sacrificed.
If it is decided to treat the sick
birds, they should be removed from
the flock and put in a comfortable,
| well-ventilated room, which may be
easily disinfected. Make solution by
! dissolving two drains of common salt
in a quart of warm water, and with
q soft brush OF a pledget OF absorbent
cotton dipped in this solution gently
| brush or rub the false membranes
until they are disintegrated and loos-
| ened from the underlying tissues.
| Sometimes il is necessary to scrape
them off with a spoon or knife, but
it must be done carefully, so that
| bleeding will not be caused or the
sensitive tissues injured. After the
false membrane has been removed.
moisten a pledget of absorbent cotton
in a per cent. solution Of lysol or
carbolic acid and apply it for a min
ute or two to the diseased surface. A
! solution which gives good results is
made by dissolving So grains of chic
rate of potash and two grains OF SAIL
! cylic acid in one ounce Of water and
| adding one ounce of glycerine. This
may be applied to the diphtheritic
spots three or four times a day with
a pledget of absorbent cotton.
Another solution which is often
recommended is made by dissolving
sixteen grains OF permanganate of
potash in half a pint Of water. A
very good and also a harmless solu-
| ton consists of one and one-half
| ounces: of boric acid and one ounce of
powdered borax (biborate of soda)
| dissolved in one quart Of water and
applied warm. The two last men
toned solutions may be used to
wash the eyes or may be injected
into the nostrils. Argyrol may also
be used as recommended in con-
tagious catarrh.
IF large swellings appear beneath
the eyes they should be opened with
clean, sharp knife, the contents of
the cavity removed, and the space
frequently washed with the boric
acid-boraX solution above.
| Many persons think that the treat
ment is not complete without fumi-
cation. To accomplish this vaporize
| tar water or oil of turpentine in the
room by dropping 1t slowly on hot
brick or stone after the doors and
windows have been tightly closed. II
| the operator remains in the room
with the fowls he can easily deter
mine when as much of the remedy
| has been vaporized as can safely be
used and should stop at that point.
The tar water is prepared by stirring
| two tablespoonfuls OF wood tar in a
quart Of warm water and letting the
mixture stand for a few hours.
The cages and the room in which
the sick birds are kept should be dis
infected daily with per cent. solu-
ton OF cresol or carbolic acid.
Plants for Walls
Where rough stone walls are used
about a garden. they can be much