davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The state herald., 1914-01-02
WOMEN AND CHILDREN BATTLE
TO ESCAPE FROM HALL AT
CALUMET, MICHIGAN.
"SAvEME," "BABY'S PLEA
WEDGED UNDER PILE OF BODIES,
CHILD is KILLED IN SIGHT
OF REscuERs.
Western Newspaper Union News Services.

Calumet, Mich. Dec. 26.-On the
day set aside for rejoicing over the
birth of Christ this city mourned Its
dead-seventy-two victims of a false
alarm of fire.
Most of the dead are children who
had gone to Christmas eve celebra-
ton in Italian hall, arranged for the
families of striking copper miners of
this section.
AS result Of the tragedy. caused.
1t is believed, by drunken man, who
thrust his head into the hall entrance
and shouted "Fire!" all bitterness be-
tween the different factions in Calu-
met is wiped out. There is no ILL
feeling. There is nothing but dumb
grief which is beyond the possibility
of tears
A mass meeting was held at which
committee of twelve was appointed
to visit each individual nome of the
bereaved families and ascertain what
financial assistance is necessary. Un-
limited funds are assured.
with the kindest feelings for those
who Offered 1t we ask no outside
help" states the resolutions of SYM
pathy adopted; these are our own
people and 1t is our sacred privilege
to care for our dead and comfort the
living" The statement of President
Meyer OF the Western Federation Of
Miners that no benefits from the citi-
zens would be accepted was disre-
garded.
The strikers also met and named
committee to call on the stricken
relatives ard learn their wishes re-
garding the funerals. This committee
will meet this morning to make ar
rangements for the services.
The authorities SO far have been
unable to trace the man who is said
to have gone up the stairs OF the
Italian hall and raised the cry OF fire
which is supposed to have started the
panic which led to the fearful crush
in the stairway. There seems to be
little hope that he will be appre-
hended.
Matt Sari. striker, who lost his
son in the disaster. declared the cry
came from group OF men and women
toward the front of the hall.
A fourteen-year-old girl who died
brought the official revised list of
dead up to sevcnty.two. all of whom
have been identified. Five injured
are in the hospitals; II is said they
will live.
Patrick Ryan arrived on the scene
a few minutes after the crush oc-
CURED at the foot OF the stairway. He
estimated that there were about one
hundred piled on top OF each other
when he reached the entrance. The
pile reached TO about half the height
OF the stairway.
They were wedged In so tightly II
was impossible TO extricate any from
the foot OF the stairs. A boy OF about
six caught hold OF Ryan's hands and
begged to be rescued. The human
mass kept pressing down and II was
impossible to save the boy.
A girl OF eight or nine grasped the
hands OF Angelo Curto. fireman.
kissed them and implored him TO save
her. The crush was so great he was
compelled to give up the attempt. and
she perished.
Mrs. A. Niemela. one OF the VIC
tins. was suffoeated while standing
up. John Burrill. fireman. who wit
messed her death. took n six.months.
old infant from her arms and carried
II 10 safety.
The state herald., 1914-01-02
M0yER M0BBED BY Is
SAYS HIT ON HEAD WITH PISTOL
AND SHOT IN BACK.
Declares He Was Thrown Bodily on
Train After Being Dragged
Through Streets.

western Newspaper Union News Service.
Milwaukee, Wis, Dec. 29.-"I was
attacked by about twenty-five men In
my room at the Scott hotel in Han
cock, Michigan, Friday night, at about
S:49 o'clock: struck over the head
with the butt of revolver; shot In
the back: dragged through the hotel
and streets. and put on train and told
to leave that country forever" said
Charles II. Meyer. president OF the
Western Federation of Miners. during
his stop here en- route to Chicago.
Meyer occupied his berth. and his
pillow and bed linen were stained with
the blood from wounds In his scalp and
back. He was good-natured, despite
his wounds. and said that after they
got healed up" in Chicago he would
return to Calumet and fight those
mine-owners to the lsst!"
AT $3.50 o'clock" said Mr.. Meyer.
Sheriff Cruise and about fifteen other
men came to my room to ask me about
arrangements for tho burial Of the
poor persons who met their deaths in
the Christmas catastrophe. They re-
NAMED about fifteen minutes, and left
after / had lold them that the West
ern Federation OF Miners and the labor
organizations OF the country could
and would care for their own unfor.
tunates.
within four minutes, or In time
before the committee of citizens could
leave the room. fifteen ruffians burst
into the room. | was standing at the
telephone at the time. putting In n
call.
Charles II. Tanner OF California.
travelling auditor for the Western Fed
Grafton OF Miners. was with me.
Several men grabbed hold OF me
and held me. while another man came
up from behind and struck me with
the butt OF his revolver on the head,
Then there was the report OF gun
and ! felt a piercing sensation in my
back. do not think that anyone shot
me deliberately. think that the gun
used in hitting me on the head was
discharged during the action.
Then two men got hold OF my arms
and dragged mo out OF the hotel.
Down the street we went. When two
men became tired. two other huskies
took hold OF me and although | was
on my feet part OF the time. yet for
blocks was dragged.
when we reached the station
James McNaughton. general manager
and vice president OF the Calumet a
Hecla mines. drove up In an automo.
bile. lie rushed up TO me and said:
"'You get out OF this country for.
overt II you ever come back. III hang
youl'
Then he continued TO abuse me In
the yilcst manner. when the train
left. was thrown bodily onto II. Two
men. who claimed to be deputy nher.
ifs. then got on. They took me into
the sleeper, and. soon after. Mr.. Tan.
ner was brought In. He. too. had
been assaulted In the room and fore.
IDLY taken 10 the station.
Il have never haid that n member
OF the Citizens Alliance caused tho
panic In Italian hail. said Meyer.
when asked ms to hia reported state.
monts.
Calumet, Mioh.-"Any charge by
Meyer that had any part In
the occurrence Mt Hancock In Hb.
noiutoiy and unlualifledly false. /"
said James MeNnughton. of the
! Calumet A Hecln Comnnny
The state herald., 1914-01-02
REBELS SLAY
800 SOLDIERS
IN BLOODY FIESTA AFTER VIC
TORY AT JUCHiPiLA IN
zACATECAS. WA
PRISONERS TORTURED.
DRAGGED BY WILD HORSES IN
STREETS TILL DEATH ENDS
THEIR SuFFERlNGS.

Western Newspaper Union News Service.
Mexico City. Dec. 27.-Details of the
massacre of the garrison of Juchipila
in Zacatecas after the capture Of the
town by rebels have just been. re-
ceived. Three hundred of the garri-
son were taken prisoners. All were
killed, after being tortui ed in every
could suggest.
Some were dragged through the
streets by horses until dead others
were horribly mutilated with knives or
machetes.
Some of the citizens who had given
offense to the rebels were siY5'erly
butchered. Many women were out
ragged. The town was completely
looted.
There is CONSERVATION at Cuerna-
vaca over Huerta's order transferring
the Morelos division OF the army from
Cuernavaca to Cuautla. Foreigners
wealthy Mexicans, alarmed at the
weakening of the garrison while the
Zapatistas are threatening the city,
are leaving for the capital in large
numbers and business Is at complete
standstill. Many protests have been
made to Huerta against the carrying
out Of the order for the transfer.
The ZapatistaS are overrunning the
states of Morelos and Mexico and even
the federal district, almost at will.
They are out.fighting and out-general-
ing the federals day after day.
In a fight at Yautepec, in Morelos.
detachment Of two hundred federals
lost seventy-nine men killed. They
were compelled to abandon all their
horses and big supply of ammunition
on pack mules and retreat on foot to
Cuernavaca.
The Zapata organization ID gaining
every day, and many fear 1t will soon
venture an attack on the capital itself.
Washington. - Word reached the
State Department that large force OF
revolutionists on the National railway
sixty miles north Of San Luis pItosI
destroyed federal convoy ira kill
ing thirty,four federaly Traffic D,t ch
OF San Luis Potosi is suspended.
The state herald., 1914-01-02
Old Adam.

Little Henry, like many other little
boys, was very fond Of playing at be
ing railway train. He liked to pre-
tend to be the engine and to dash
around the house with great noise
Of putting and footing.
The other day the stork brought
Henry a sister.
He was taken in to see the baby
and regarded her for time with an
expression of grave curiosity. Then
his face lighted up.
Now" said he. shall have some
body to be the tender. anyhow.
York Evening Post.
The state herald., 1914-01-02
Proslden, 4, 81 Years Old.

Pass Christian. Miss. Dec. sp.--
President Wilson was 81 years old
Sunday. and lc,,ors and tclesrams OF
coneratulation poured IN from all
pnrts Of tho country. Some Of them
were from personal friends, but tho
great majority we're from persons
hitherto unknown 10 the President.
The state herald., 1914-01-02
sh.,ro,h ooIno to Porto Rico.

Washington. Senator shafrolh OF
Colorado. chairman OF the committee
on Pacific Islands and Porto Rico. Will
sail for Porto Rico 10 spend his holt
day recess observing conditions on
the island. which later may be tho
subject OF legislation.
The state herald., 1914-01-02
A Mean Trick

What are you punching your broth.
or fori'
He went and used the clean place
] had picked out on the roller towel
II was the only one left. too7"
The state herald., 1914-01-02
sn,ne,r Ia Refused R,hearIno.

chleago.-Judgc sluHHer In the Cir.
cult Court In Wheaton. H.. refused TO
gran, rohaarlng on motion for n new
trial fof Henry Spencer, confessed
murderer OF Mrn. Mildred Allison Rex.
roat, sentenced to be hanged Jan. i6.
The state herald., 1914-01-02
Factory Re.Manufaetured Typewriter

Remington No. G and No. at $50,
81 per month. or s27 cash. Smith
Premiers No. and No. 4 at s25, Sc
per month or t22.50 cash. Guaranteed
by the manufacturer. A typewriter
will be shipped on approval on receipt
OF So and satisfactory reference.
Write today. Remington Typewriter
Co. 1888 champa St. Denver. Colo
Adv
The state herald., 1914-01-02
Miner WIN. 100000 Fortune to Minor

Beatrice. Ncb.-Dy the death OF ELI.
m olinghoure. miner OF wahoo
county. New. thlrtccn.year-old Paul
ollnghourc. an orphan nephew OF tho
dead man. who llvcp In this city. bc.
came the heir of the prospeetor'a for.
tune. valued NJ 100000.
The state herald., 1914-01-02
v,uu. Dor, ,so Fee, to $500 Loot,

Ban Francisco - cfaeksmen tun.
neled i5O feet and pierced the con.
crete wallis Of the First National Bank
OF otoyiile vault. They obtained 49,.
TOO In silver. but were unable TO blow
the ooin safe In which was stored a
much larger amount Of gold aud cur
rsnry.
The state herald., 1914-01-02

chihuahua. Mex. - Nothing less
than the fall OF Huerta and his ban
ishment from the country VIII ever
be- considered as n preliminary to
ward peace In Mexico" said General
Francisco villa. ANY oyerturos for
a compromise would be treated with
contempt by the rcyolutioniHtr."
The state herald., 1914-01-02
Nothing on Her.

Margery and Helen lived quite near
each other and occasionally played TO
gethor. One day, when they met
Helen said boastfully:
we keep a butler"
Margery remained thoughtful for o
moment. then suddenly cried. exult
ingly:
That's nothing We keep board
ers,"
The state herald., 1914-01-02
Quite n Pet

My wife is making herself ridl.
culous over that dog OF hers"
How nowf''
Now she has to take II to 500 tho
moving pictures"
The state herald., 1914-01-02
Mo- Lack Of WIn,,r rhI. Y,.r.

Washington. There win be no lack
of winter weather anywhere In ths
United States, II weather bureau es.
perta read the biFna right.
The state herald., 1914-01-02
No, So rasx an That

No use has ever been found for
cast on porous plaatetu."
u wouldn't say cast on. You've
never heard OF anybody casting on a
porous plaster. have your"
The state herald., 1914-01-02
world's rInIes, Man Ia Dead.

london. John william white. n
oonfeetionor. probably tho smallest
man IN the world. died a, southend.
ased 81 years, lie was twenty-five
inches In height.
The state herald., 1914-01-02
pio ml,ysuL., Firm su.,,,s,

Milwaukee. wis,-I,efty's Depart
msnt Store Company. ons OF the lars
cat OF the downtown stores. filed y
voluntary petition In bankruptcy.
The state herald., 1914-01-02

Stubborn Throat troubles arc easily t,.
lisved by Deans Mentholated Cough Drops
Ihey act IKE magie-bc at all Drnrpiui.
The state herald., 1914-01-02
pre,,derts Uncle Die. suddenly.

chiliicotha. ohio,-ilonry W. Wood.
row. AN uncle OF President Wilson.
died suddenly nj his home here.
The state herald., 1914-01-02

Amn,crdam.-The Tanman usually
carries about sixty cabin passengers
and crew OF 1870. mostly natives. nc.
ooriinr 10 tho owners OF the vessel.
The state herald., 1914-01-02

Mrs, winsiow'a Soothing syrup for ohiia,.,
tssthins' H"finns the ruma, tadnrsa innamn..
uop. p.aliays pain cures ~iaJ coile, n. b,,ti. ~
The state herald., 1914-01-02
Ihnu Ali Can

Has your wife good mcmoryT'
Splendid she can remember ev.
srythlns I've done wrong since We
we're married"
The state herald., 1914-01-02

Rmil.. on wash day. That's when You
Us. Red Cros. bsr Hue. Clothes ~hi,sr
than snow. All srocrr. ADV.
The Butler weekly times. (Butler, Mo.) 1881-1918, 1914-10-08

Kerns, was born near Montgomery
City, Lincoln county, Missouri, Feb.
II, 1859. Her parents died during
her early life. She then made her
home with her grandparents until
their death when she went to live
with her aunt, Mrs. Mollie Barnett, of
Fl Scott, Kan, her only living rela-
tive,
She was united in marriage to w.
V.sRowland in 1887 who preceded
her in death fifteen years ago. To
this union seven children were born,
five girls and two boys, namely: Eva.
Maggie, Katherine, Addie and Ruth
at home, Paul Of Emporia, Kan, and
Willie living at Grass Valley. Cal. In
1902 she was married at PitsburR,
Kan, to J. M. Rowland, brother Of
her first husband. To this union one
child was born, Fay, at home.
She was converted at one Of Rev.
Lampton's revivals, about twenty
years ago, united with the Baptist
church of Foster, and later moved to
Rich Hill, NO., and united with the
Latter Day Saints church at that place.
The remains were brought here for
burial. Funeral services were con-
Quoted by Rev. I. N. White of Inde-
dependence, NO., and interment
made at Salem cemetery by the side
of her husband.
DTNAu
The Butler weekly times. (Butler, Mo.) 1881-1918, 1914-10-08

He made his home in Kansas City
until about four years ago, when he
moved to San Francisco, CAL, living
there until about three weeks ago,
when he was brought to his fathers
home in Kansas City, on account Of
his failing health, which had included
period Of time Of about 4 months.
He was taken very suddenly Of heart
failure and at sos a. M. Friday, sur
rounded by his near relatives, he
quietly passed away.
Mr.. Doke is survived by his wife,
Vina, and his parents of 36l1 State
Line, Kansas City, No., two sisters,
Ora and Ada, and two brothers Ed.
of Foster and Willie Of Kansas City.
The remains were brought here for
burial. Funeral services were con-
Quoted by Rev. E. E. Hughes Of Vir-
ginia and interment made at Salem
cemetery.
Mrs, Mary Ellen Rowland Dead.
It is with ineffable sadness that we
announce the death of our aunt, Mrs.
Mollie Rowland, which occurred at
her home in Lawrence, Kansas, Sept.
IS, 1914, of tumor of the brain at the
age of As years.
She had been in failing health for
the last two years, but bore her
Affections with Christian fortitude.
She was always so cheerful and tried
so hard to make life pleasant that her
family hardly realized she was in
such a serious condition until few
hours before her death. She was
surrounded by all her family at the
time of her death except Willie, Of
Grass Valley, California, Paul, Of
Emporia, Kan, and husband at Caney
Kas., who were summoned and came
soon after.
She was prepared to meet her God
and was ready to 60 but regretted
very much to leave her family es.
pecially her invalid daughter, Ruthie,
to whom no one else can fill her
place. -.
Mrs. Mary E. Rowland, (nee)
The Butler weekly times. (Butler, Mo.) 1881-1918, 1914-10-08
FOSTER.

Grandma Scott is visiting with hel
sister, Mrs. George Hughes, Of the
Virginia neighborhood.
Mr.. and Mrs. H. E. Arbogast and
little son visited the first Of the week
with her parents, Mr.. and Mrs. Miller
of Worland.
The revival at the M. E. Church
which is being conducted by Rev.
Malorey and Stillions, will continue
through the week. Much interest is
being taken and much good is being
accomplished by these able speakers.
Mr.. D. H. Arbogast' left Saturday
for Knobnoster to visit his brother
wv. B. Arbogast Of that place.
Mrs. Davis of Warrensburg is here
visiting her grandmother, Mrs. John
Doolittle.
Mrs. Earl hurry Of near Chillicothe,
Mo-, spent a few days with her
mother, Mrs. Belle Davis, last week.
Mrs. L. G. Morehouse returned
home last week after an extended
visit with her parents in California.
Mrs. Bon Eastley visited Saturday
and Sunday with her sister-in-law,
Mrs. Will Humphrey.
Sherman Heckadon and Emery
Sivils visited at the Arbogast home
Sunday.
Mrs. Boyd of Warrensburg is visit
ing her brother Jim Miller of this
place.
Mrs. Bessie McFealy of Nevada is
visiting her parents, Mr.. and Mrs.
Alex Goodwin.
John Franklin Doke Passed Away.
John Franklin Doke, son of S. L.
Doke, was born Nov. 26, 1878. Died
Oct. 2, 1914, age IS years, 10 months
and 6 days. =
Frank Doke was born in Lafayette
county, No., and when eighteen
months old, moved with his parents
to Bates county. He spent his school
days and grew to manhood at Foster.
The Butler weekly times. (Butler, Mo.) 1881-1918, 1914-10-08
ON THE WING.

Well; H the weather permits, The
threshing ID this neiohborhood VII
soon b over as three machines an
at work within sound q each other;
The needing at Virginia i going
on thls wssk.
Mir, 0enevieve Minnich visited
over Sunday with Miss Edna Sheslel
itbeine her eleventh birthday. She
received several nice presents. y
q, N. Goerner md isister, Mrs.
Carrie Henderson, left Tuesday Of
LIT week forthe Stats Fair. They
went to Indianapolis, Ind, after the
fair.
/ II Is reported that Chas. Dickerson
/ will be q married man before this
goes into print. Charley is a dandy
good fellow and deserves q. good
helper through life.
A. +. Sheslsr hauled cats to the
Amoret morket last week.
Roy and June Shesler spent two
days with their parents, Mr.. and Mrs.
Shesler, q few days ago.
Turner Henderson has a good 3
year-pld gelding, unbroke, for sale.
II IS worth the price.
Charley Pointer, the jewelry man,
has his room in Old Vinton singing
with the noise Of clocks and watches.
Try him once.
John Hussy went to Merwin Sun
day night. ~ f,sr-e
Mrs. Enos Garren and son, Alvie,
from Niles, Kansas, came in to attend
the funeral Of Mrs. Ross Garren and
to visit with friends.
Bring on kaffir corn and cane. Jim
Norman can make good molasses. !
have tried them.
Coleman Snodgrass lost fine horse
one day last week. It got in4o btu
seed wheat and eat too much.
H. ]. Mayer had 60 head Of his
hogs vaccinated Monday.
The Butler weekly times. (Butler, Mo.) 1881-1918, 1914-10-08
Grant Garner has stray colt at bis
house ! mile north and II miles wsst
Of Virginia. N. M. M
In and Around Maysburg.
Goo late for last week.

Mr.. and Mrs. Jim Burrus' fri4ll
gave them q surprise dinner Sund5
They intend to leave for Ohio Tuesdlj
where MI. Burrus expects to stud,
for the ministry. s
Sterling Harness purchased u
new piano Saturday.
Tom White and wife went to Urict
Monday.
Riley Gilbert took Mr.. Goodwin and
family to the fair Tuesday.
Mr.. Middleton took Billie Clinton
and wife to the fair Tuesday.
There was quite a few from THU
vicinity attended the State Fair lid
the most Of them went on Tuesday,
Mr.. Shelton and family visited Il
Mr.. Godwin's Sunday.
John Hoozer and family visited Al
Will Cranes Sunday.
Walter Staley and sisters, Frank
Groseheart and family, Mr.. Hart and
wife and Ermmie thinner all went
home with Sterling Harness from
Sunday School Sunday to try their
new piano.
Mr.. Sims and wife, Mr.. Gilbert and
family spent the day at Albert Edring-
toms Sunday.
Bishop Cannon hauled corn to
Urich Monday,
Tom White and family went to
Chelf's after Sunday School.
Mr.. and Mrs. Dale went home with
Mr.. Robihsons from Sunday School.
R. H. Goodwin hauled hogs to Urich
Monday.
Mr.. Hook has been spending a few
days at Mr.. Farmers and looking at
ter his farm. He returned home
Monday. A NEIGHB0R.
The Butler weekly times. (Butler, Mo.) 1881-1918, 1914-10-08

Geo. Butler has bought the 40 AGRA,
Of tho Mike Maloney farm Just nortl
Of jim Hays.
]. G. Sagaser had lido head Of biz
hogs vaccinated Monday.
H. J. Mayer bought 40 acres o.
the Mike Maloney land Just north Of
Pierce Hackett's house.
Coleman Snodorass' father, Of
Spruce, Is over helping him put in his
wheat this week.
VIII Sellers and family and Steve
Hart and family Of Double Branch
motored over Sunday and spent the
day with J. g. Hays and family.
Mrs. Maggie Slade and daughter,
Matte, Of Amoret Sundayed at Mr..
Hays.
Elmer Brayton went through a
bridge just west Of Amoret with his
thresher one day last week. The en-
CINE was badly buhged up but no one
was hurt.
Mrs. VIM. Bernhart has returned
to her home in Kansas City after a
few days visit here among relatives.
Aunt Amanda burst has returned
home from Kansas City where she
has been visiting her daughter, Mrs.
Ella Bernhard, for the past two
months. Aunt Amanda burst is in
good health.
Obituary T.,
Amanda Myrtle Garren was born
October I'd, 1883, and died Septem-
Der "a, 1914, at her fathers, C.. J.
Browning, in Charlotte township,
after lingering illness. She was a
native of this state. She was well
liked by all who knew her. She stood
her suffering well and was ready to
60 when the time came. She leaves
q husband, one little boy, brothers,
sjaters, father and mother and a host
Of other relatives to mourn her death.
Funeral services were held at the
home by E. E. Hughes and interment
in Howell cemetery. A Friend.
The Butler weekly times. (Butler, Mo.) 1881-1918, 1914-10-08
DINAH.
Marriage Licenses
Card of Thanks.

We desire to thank our many
friends and neighbors, who so kindly
assisted us during the brief sickness,
death and burial of our beloved wife
and mother. ..
Jasper M. Booker and children.
The Jasper weekly courier. [volume] (Jasper, Ind.) 1858-1922, 1914-06-12

most conservative will instantly recognize
The Jasper weekly courier. [volume] (Jasper, Ind.) 1858-1922, 1914-06-12
AVIATOR ccRD AND WIRE.

The arrival Of the aeroplane has
given US new industry, or rather a
modification of an old one, namely,
that Of manufacturing aviator cord
and aviator wire. The Roeblings
have devised a special kind of wire
aviatorrcord to be used for stays on
aeroplanes. The cord consists of a
number Of fine wires of great
strength stranded together. The
strength Of the different sizes runs
approximately from 1000 to 1900
pounds For steering gear a more
flexible cord is provided, composed
of six strands of seven wires each,
with center Of either cotton or
wire. The aviator wire differs from
aviator cord In that 1t consists of a
single wire instead of a number Of
wires twisted together. The wire
Is made in IL sizes, with breaking
strength that varies from 1000
pounds to 175.-Scisnttio American.
The Jasper weekly courier. [volume] (Jasper, Ind.) 1858-1922, 1914-06-12
ALL 7 DEMOCRATS HELPING
Special Reporters Now Galng Into
Every County In the State Inter
viSWlng PrOminsntDamOCratS
On Subscription and Contribution Plan

The stupendous work Of gathering
material for the monumental Ellis
tory of the Indiana Democracy has
begun. The musty files Of the Oldest
newspapers in the State are being
thoroughly searched, and the vaults
and records of the State House at In
are being turned topsy-
turvy to get at all the facts about
the Democratic party for the past
hundred years. 1t is the intention of
the publishers to build,a literary mon
ument to the Indiana Democracy and
produce work in as many volumes
as may be required that will be a
notable addition to the political liter
ature of the State and Nation, for In
diana politics and politicians are of
interest to the entire country.