davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Newport daily independent., 1914-01-31
NOTICE FOR PUBLICATION.

' Department of the Interior, U. s. Land office at Little Rock, Arkansas, January "A, 1914.
 Notice is hereby given that John B. Wilkerson, of Bradford, Arkansas, who, on November IT, 1908, made Home stead Entry No. 0601, for East Half of the Northwest Quarter, Section Thirteen G3), Township Ten Q0) North, Range Five (5) West of the Fifth (5th) Principal Meridian, has filed notice of intention to make five year proof, to establish claim to the land above described, before county clerk of Jackson county, at Newport, Arkansas, on the 14th day of March, 1914.
 Claimnt names as witnesses:
 c. E. Razer of Bradford, Arkansas.
 J. T. Razer of Bradford, Arkansas.
 II. l.. Razer of Bradford, Arkansas.
 0. c. Smith of Bradford, Arkansas.
 JOHN w. ALLEN, 45w4. Register
 All Up to Date Housekeepers use Red Cross Ball Blue. It makes the clothes clean and sweet as when new. All Grocers.
Newport daily independent., 1914-01-31
Bargains 3, [ l: s .+ts'-'' f1
 Bargains!
 t - Cash Cash


 will close out my line of A. I. Jor- dan cutlery, Pocket Knives, Butcher Knives, Bread Knives at cost. Purity oats, regular 15c package, for 25c. I have the best Flour in the World.
 Staple Groceries and Feed-Fresh candies and Fruits-Eggs and But ter. packages of corn flakes for 25c. This is a CASH Sale. P. 5. White
 f<N Ger. Beech and Third. have 8 delivery.
Newport daily independent., 1914-01-31
WEATHER FORECAST.
Tonight and Sunday fair.
O-O co O-O O. O--O o.
 HERE AND THERE

DO co co O. O-0 c.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-10-24

and meal serve as breeding places.
Frequent agitation or handling of the
grain will destroy many of these
moths, because they are unable to free
themselves from mass Of it and per-
ish in the attempt.
Fortunately, it matters little what
species may be causing the-trouble,
for all succumb to the same treatment.
The simplest, most effective and mex
pensive remedy for all insects infesting
the farmers grain stored in tight bins
Is careful fumigation with carbon
bisulphide.
If the building is reasonably tight,
one pound of carbon bisulphide Is
sufficient for every seven hundred Gu
bic feet of space, or one pound for
every one hundred bushels Of grain.
The building and bins must be made
as nearly alright as possible in order
that the vapor may remain in all parts
of the space in full strength and for
the required time. The vapor must
enter all cracks and crevices by diff
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-10-24

OF the twelve or thirteen species of
beetles attacking stored grains, not
more than five or six are commonly
found at work in the farmers bins.
To these may be added four species
of small moths. of which the Angou-
mois grain moth is the most serious
pest attacking ripened corn, and the
meal moth and the Mediterranean
-four moth the serious ones in meal,
bran. or any of the ground grain prod
ucts. The farmer applies. the term
"weevil'' to all Of these insects. The
measures to be employed in the con-
troll of these insects are both prevent
i've and insecticidal
AS a preventive measure, all the old
grain should, before the new crop Is
stored be removed and the floors
walls and ceilings Of the bins thor
oughly cleaned. If the granary has
been badly infested, it should be fumi-
gated Cleanliness is very important
in preventing injury by these insects.
Dust. dirt, rubbish, refuse grain, flour
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-10-24
SECURING A HONEY CROP
BY F. G. HERMAN.

! from a colony that has sWarmed in
stead Of taking out each frame. stand
the hive up on end and kneel down in
front of 1t.
Most of the cells are on the bot
tom of the combs. You can drive the
bees back with very little smoke and
easily see two-thirds of the way up
between the combs. 1t Is very sell
dom that queen cell is farther up
than this. If one is you can see 1t
by looking down from the top.
If you wish to cut them out you
one-fourth the work and time used
in taking out each frame; and also
make a. sure job Of it, for in handling
the frames, the bees. unless we brush
or shake them off, are in our way,
especially in the bottom Of the combs
where most Of the cells are.
This plan also disturbs the bees less.
Anyone with a little practice can tell
for a certainty whether there Is q
queen cell or not without removing
frame in a hive with frames not
deeper than the standard and having
a narrow bottom bar. This cannot be
done with loose frames unless they
are held by spacing strips.
Toward the last Of the crop the
bees would best be crowded little
for room, for If too much space is
given they will be building additional
new combs and scattering their honey
while 1t Is best to have all the cells
sealed, If possible.
There Is no longer any danger Of
swarming by narrowing the available
space to the minimum in each hive
and we make sure of better results,
securing more finished sections.
Until very recently the most difficult
and not the least dangerous of opera
tions in the apiary was the removal
Of supers; but with accurately fitting
parts and the avoidance of all incen-
tive to the building Of brace combs,
the difficulty Is removed, while, by
the use of bee scrapers the bees will
leave the supers without disturbance.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-10-24
IA Profitable
Flock of Sheep

| The small farmer should always
have a flock of sheep on hand as these
animals are one Of the most profitable
investments that he can handle.
The following is an account Of the
proceeds derived from a flock of So
grade Shropshire ewes in one season
in Virginia:
This flock received no special at
tention, so far as feed and care were
concerned, although, Of course, at
lambing time they were we'll looked
after. The ewes that did not take
to their lambs naturally were induced
to nurse them If possible, If not, then
these neglected lambs were raised on
the bottle. but in the entire flock of
So lambs there were only two that
had to be raised by hand.
The owner Of this flock tells me
that his 35 lambs netted him $3.50
each on the farm, that the wool from
the IS ewes and one buck sheared an
average of six pounds each, and netted
80 cents the pound.
This makes SO lambs at $3.50 the
head, 1884; two hundred and sixteen
pounds Of wool at 80 cents the pound,
$64.S0; total. $259.30.
These sheep were allowed the run
of fields that had good grazing on
them the major part of the year and
during the winter season when the
weather was very severe the little
flock was given ration of hay, but
they were never given any grain.
When the snow was on the ground
or the nights were very cold they
were put up in the hay barn and just
fed hay, mixture Of timothy, grass
and clover.
thought that there might be many
farmers considering the purchase of
a small flock, SO give this illustration
Of what can be done with few we'll
bred sheep at a minimum expense,
so far as feed and attention are con-
cerned.-J. M. B.. Virginia.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-10-24
RussETING OR SPRAY INJURY OF FRUIT

Bordeaux mixture, some of~the pre-
pared brands of lime-sulphur. and to
less extent home-cooked and SELF
boiled lime sulphur spray, may pro-
duce russeting Of apples. Expert
ence at the Maine Station has shown
that bordeaux mixture Is more likely
to produce spray injury than most OF
the lime-sulphur sprays now on the
market.
Bordeaux injury first appears as
small, regular, black or brown spots
scattered over the apple, but more
frequently on those parts which re-
ceived the most spray. These spots
scab fungus in that they are more
regular and are not sunken. As the
apple grows these spots are replaced
by russeted blotches. In severe cases
the fruit may become distorted. irreg-
ular and sometimes cracked.
Much Of the injury from bordeaux
may be avoided If proper attention is
given certain factors which have more
or less to do with its occurrence. Too
strong bordeaux should not be applied
"a $3.50 mixture Is recommended.
The lime should be of good quality
and, approximately, equal parts Of
lime and copper sulphate should be
used.
Never pour concentrated solutions
together-equal and full dilution of
the milk Of lime and copper solutions
should be made before mixing. Cover
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-10-24
DESTRUCTIVE INSECTS in BIN AND GRANARY

1ussion. The doors and windows
should be arranged so they can be
opened from the outside when fumiga-
tlon IS completed. Care should be
taken to have everything ready and in
It's place, so that after the first vessel
mas received it's liquid it will be I'M
necessary to stop to adjust anything
Everything should be done to avoid
unnecessary delays and to facilitate
the rapid evaporation Of the liquid.
The liquid should be placed in shall
low pans or dishes as high as possible
IN the bins or building, since the vapor
ls heavier than air and settles to the
lower parts. 1t should be we'll dis
tributed, having not more than half
pound In place.
If a building of more than one
floor is to be fumigated, the operator
| should begin on the first floor and
| work upward, and after placing the
| liquid In the second story leave the
building through a window that he
can close after him. If impossible to
get out from the upper story, the car
bon bisulphide should first be distrib-
uted there, working downward as
| rapidly as possible to avoid the set
Ting vapOr.
The bins or building should be al
lowed to fumigate from "a to So hours.
Doors and windows should be opened
wide and the building or bins aired
thoroughly one or two hours before
entering.
The vapor Of this liquid is highly
intiammable and explosive. No fire
or light Of any sort should be allowed
| about the building while the fumiga-
| ton Is in progress. The application
should always be made in daylight, for
artificial light of any kind is danger
Gus. Electric lights must not be used
since when turning them on or off
there is always danger of producing
| a spark. Nor is it safe to have heat
Of any kind in the building while the
| fumigation IS in progress.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-10-24
BY W. J. MOORE

the fruit and foliage with a flne mist,
but do not apply sufficient mixture to
cause the trees to drip. Do not spray
during rainy, foggy or damp weather.
Study susceptibility of varieties. Some
varieties Of apples are almost immune
from bordeaux injury, and others are
injured but slightly, while some other
varieties are badly injured. Those
varieties which are known to be sus-
ceptible to this injury should not be
sprayed with bordeaux mixture after
the leaves begin to unfold.
spotting Of the leaves is closely
associated with the russeting Of the
fruit by spray. However study Of
this trouble extending over several
years at the Maine Station, shows that
leaf spot, in that section, at least. is
by no means confined to that caused
by the use of sprays, as some fungus
diseases may cause leaf-spot on
sprayed and unsprayed trees.
In many sections of the country.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-10-24
FRIENDS AND ENEMIES
BY X A. GRIMES,

There are other things beside seed
and soil to be considered, If we in
tend to get our pay for all the work
we do on the farm. Plenty of enemies
are always lying in wait ready to profit
by our labors If we do not keep our
eyes open and our wits working.
Most Of these belong to one or the
other of three classes, insects, birds
or harmful plants. The greatest num-
Der belong to the first and last classes
as there are really only very few
birds that deserve to be placed on our
blacklist.
Even these few are perhaps more
harmful to other things than to grow
ing plants, so we will not have to con-
slider the question of bird-enemies
very seriously.
We call harmful plants weeds"
Many of these, such as mustard,
dandelion are quite valuable In their
proper places, but when we plant
corn or vegetables, we naturally do
not want to raise something else.
Someone defines q weed as "a plant
out of place." which seems a very good
definition.
prepared plant food to grow q spike
Of quack grass as 1t does to raise
stalk of timothy. and as much to feed
q jimson weed or a Canada thistle as
a tomato vine or corn hill.
Such unlimited guests are no better
than robbers and must be treated with
little ceremony. Whenever you see a
field purple with Canada thistle or
white with the lovely but injurious
ox-eye daisy, think how much food
has been wasted that might have gone
to nourish hungry people.
Even the fence corner weeds draw
the strength from the soil long dis
lance away and should be kept cut
down. We do not want to waste on
weeds the plant food we have taken
so much pains to get ready for on
own crop.
If no one ever let weed go to
seed 1t would not take long to get rid
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-10-24

The most common meadow mixture
IS that of red clover and timothy
Where these are sown together it i:
customary to sow the timothy in the
fall and the clover the following
spring, although frequently they are
10th sown together in the spring. anc
occasionally, in southern sections. ir
the fall.
The term nurse crop" is applied tc
the small crop with which clovers and
grasses are frequently sown. Rye
wheat and oats are commonly used
for this purpose, and are ranked foI
their efficiency in the order given
The function of the nurse crop is not
10 directly aid the clovers and grasses
rs may be supposed but rather to
keep down the growth Of wild grasses
sand weeds which may crowd out and
destroy the young plants. Where
weeds do not bother, the clover and
Grass will always make better
growth alone than where they must
compete with the grain crop Under
favorable conditions however, one
can usually get good stand with the
nurse crop and some returns may be
had from the land while the meadow
Is -etting started.
Where timothy and clover are sown
With nurse crop the first crop Of hay
Is usually obtained the year following
:hc harvesting Of the nurse crop, al
:hcngh on the best lands fair crop
- clover may sometimes be cut the
80 wear they are seeded. The first
is usually almost pure clover.
ncond about an equal mixture
yer and timothy and if left a
;ilird year, the crop will be almost
pure timothy. Where sown alone,
either in fall or spring, a fair crop
of hay, although frequently more or
4ess weedy, may be ATTAINED the first
year.
A stand Of timothy may be main
tanned for several years but red clover
Is biennial and most plants die at
the end Of the second year, especiall,
II allowed to seed.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-10-24

Missouri, New York, Arkansas oreA
gon, New Hampshire, reports indicate
that no injury Is sustained by the use
Of self-boiled, home-cooked lime-suls
phur spray. In some other states in>
jury from this source has been founds
However, there is every reason to bes
lieve that it may be used on the moro
tender varieties with much less dan>
ger of injury than with bordeaux mig
ture. 1t is probable that the confs
bined use of the two would YIELD thu
more satisfactory results That H. fo1
the susceptible varieties, use bordeaux
mixture for the first spraying, before
the leaves unfold, and follow thds with
lime-sulphur for the later sprayfngA
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-10-24

Elm Tree Slowly Dying, with Stag
head Effect. Note Dead, Stubhy
Branches at the Top.
allows opportunity for wood des1roys
ing fungi to gain an entrance. Once
started their growth will eventually
destroy the whole tree. Severe head
ing back and clearing out Of the dead
and fungus infested wood followed by
cultivation and fertilization should be
resorted to. In some instances it may
be necessary to top-graft to renew the
head Of the tree. The full results Of
such treatment do not show the first
year. Great care should be taken NOT
to leave wounds through which the
spores of fungi can gain an entrance
to cause future decay.
During the past few years largo
number Of shade trees In the north
eastern part Of the United States, and
also the middle states have been af-
fected with staghead. The troublo
appears to have come chiefly from the
root system, but exactly what causes
it, is not definitely known at the pres
ent time.
There are many varieties of shade
trees affected in this way, and TIA
means their ultimate obstruction, sihco
those that do not die outright will
never recover their tops, and are,
therefore, worthless as specimens OF
shade trees. This dying back is par
ticularly noticeable on elms.
A characteristic feature Of trees af-
fected with staghead, more consptosa"
GUS In slowly dying trees, may be seen
in the increase Of the heartwood and
decrease Of the sapwood. The wood
of the dying trees IS very brittle. and
the limbs and branches fall off easily.
Old trees reaching the end Of their
grand period Of growth, usually show
the same characteristic and for this
reason they, too, become dangerous.
Many Of the limbs and branches fall
large percentage when there Is NJ
wind and where the atmosphene y
unusually quiet, especially during Oo>
tober and November, after the leaTsa
have fallen.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-10-24
Why Pastures Fail.

Many pastures fail in midsummer
because they are not made right. Too
in the mixture. In many sections.
particularly in the central west. tim
othy is the only grass used. This
should be supplemented with clovers
that mature earlier and again come
on later in the season than timothy.
Some of the other grasses with differ
ent habits Of growth and seasons Of
maturing should also be used in the
mixture, thus securing with the clover
not only more pasture but a far bet
ter quality of pasture.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-10-24
Training the Colt.

Commence handing tha colt when
he is no more than week old. Be
kind and gentle with him. When
hitching up for the first time, don't
hitch to anything that he can turn
over, or that will make a racket and
scare him.
The essential factors In training are
good care, daily handling, kindness
and patience. Don't wait until he Is
two or three years old before you be-
gin to train him, for then it is q big
task. One is apt to get in a hurry to
get the colt doing something and try
and expect to train him in very short
time.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-10-24

| Of them all. Count the seeds that a
single weed will produce in one season
and then try to imagine the damage
done by letting even a dozen Of them
mature their seed.
| You will then see how carelessne ss
in this one regard has made untold
! trouble for the farmers ever since the
first weed seed was dropped on the
first farm. It Is this carelessness that
has forced authorities to make SO
many laws for getting rid Of them.
If the weeds are cut in the fall and
the tops burned before the seeds are
ripe one great step has been taken
| toward keeping them out of the crop.
Then watch for them as they come up
and keep them cut off just above the
surface Of the ground.
No plant can grow If 1t has no leaves
to take in the air and sunlight, al
though the roots may live and struggle
for long time to produce top. AS
long as they do SO they will keep
drawing the useful elements out of the
soil.
If field has been badly infested
| with weeds it is best to plan for q
| crop that will need frequent hoeing.
as If they cannot readily be gotten at
they will be sure to run out the de-
sirable plants.
Among the insects it Is harder to
tell our enemies from our friends and
the insect pest is the hardest Of all
to fight. Indeed If 1t were not for
the aid given by the birds it would be
almost impossible to keep them in
check,
It Is a good thing to protect the
birds and let them look after the bugs.
One robin or blue-jay will do more
toward thinning out these troublesome
creatures than many boys could do.
Although the jays and black-b birds
have hard name al mischief makers,
careful experiments have proven that
they do vastly more good than harm.
Birds also eat great quantities of weed
seeds, especially the quail. which be-
gin to run with their young at a time
when these are getting ripe.
They may be considered fairly en-
titled to the little grain and fruit they
require in return for the good they do.
Among the insects themselves are
some helpful varieties. The spotted
lady bird, the wasp-nke Ichneumon
of the ground beetles and all the
classes of bees are useful.
Space will not permit these little
friends to be described or the work of
each to be specified. but any boy can
learn a great deal about insects by
careful observation.
Another useful little friend Is the
toad. Ninety-eight per cent of the
| toad's food Is said to consist of worms,
spiders and such injurious insects.
Each toad's service as a bug-destroyer
Is estimated at $40 per year. They
| certainly should be protected in every
way possible.
The little earthworm, or angleworm,
| though the humblest Of all creatures,
| is a very useful friend. It works down
through the soil and tends to keep 1t
light and mellow and also brings up
to the surface considerable quantities
OF the lower, or subsoil. It does no
harm In any way.
The best plan IS never to take the
life of anything until you positively
know that 1t does more harm than
GOOD. A little life, even that OF a
bug, Is a wonderful thing and what
the great Creator has seen fit to allow
we should be slow to destroy.