The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-11-22
universal. Alas! The best laid plans of
pescemakers gang aft agley!


lish speaking nations plenty Of them,
heaven knows. Tho 'r,le Of reason is
not enough to account for the escape
from innpmerable pitfalls. The COM
mon language has been Of itself enough
to cause embodiment for as Mr.. Bryce
SAYS, who has been so praiscworthily
influential an agent for the sustained
era of good conduct, not always good
feeling, each nation can read all the
Ill netured things that are sa.d about
It dn the other" and relations are direct,
not controlled by Government censor
chip. II Is an essential interlocldng or
material interests that safeguards An
glo-Saxon peace; and change in Gov
! ernments, with changing policies, has
often helped.
Professor Dunniug divides the CEN
fury of peace into four fairly dlstin-
R1iishable periods: 1S14-1s35, when
American public opinion was anything
hut a sutton of British friendship. while
Great Britain was too much occupied
with European politics to worry west
ward: 1sS0-186o, when this country was
too busy growing in population and
territory to pay much attention to
events beyond ite borders: 1s61-1SS5,
when the American civil war was tho
nucleus Of international relations. and
from 1885 to the present date when the
United States was beginning Its Inn
perfahsric career and England was
concerned with the growth Of denioc-
racv in Australia, New Zealand and
South Africa. while Canada, grown
great and prosperous. proclaimed en-
unmistalable purpose tn remain the ri
val rather than beonme IN any sense
the appendsge OF the republic"-the
era OF federati,-s consolidation in the
British Empire. This latest period
turns for each country upon Interests
and events beyond its borders; that is,
so far as the concerns OF either came
into contact or conflict with those Of
the other. And n thousand threats of
rupture have been averted. partly BY
good sense and partly by sheer good
luck,
The treaty Of Client left unsettled
many matters in which public opinion
on both sides o: the Atlantic was strong
even 10 bitterness. Tho treaty pro-
claimed peace without that comprehen-
sive definition Of It's terms which should
by all the laws Of the international
mind" have been treated as the essen
tai condition and safeguard OF pea ce
vitality dangerous in omission. 1t was
rather n truce that grew into a lasting
peace Tho right OF search and Inn
pressmert was the nucleus OF antag-
onlsrn on fundamental principle: Great
Britain stood absolutely .mmovahlc on
her right 10 search foreign merchant
men on the high seas for British sea.
men; the United States declared cate.
cor!cally that she would never admit
the right Of any foreigner to muster
tho crew W an American vessel on theil
own ship" This matter was not dis
posed OF was not even touched upor
In the convention OF October 90. 1878
It was finally brought TO a settlement
, not by the devices OF statesmen skilled
in diplomatic compromise. but by th'
, natural course OF events Br.tons out
grew the idea that the brutal practic,
y OF improvement was the only adequate
: means by which to insure naval pre-
eminence." ana the growth and pres
tise OF the United States made respec
= for her claims as 10 the rights OF he
: citizens a necessity in practice II no
in theory" The Trent Affair" OF 1s6
9 is strange echo Of the verbal wa
over these ship boarding rights ian,
wrongs).
In 1916 Great Britain was the might
= lest political power on earth: the Unite
A States almost ludicrously feeble in con
= trast. The only interest this countr
9 had for Europe was social republica
n government could not manage the az
r. fairs Of a great population in wide ter
= r!tory. In England The Wings locke
L. upon American democracy indulgentl,
4 the Tories regarded II with detesta
T ton and perhaps fear; neither part
b forcsaw foT Il any but brief an
= stormy career. The Tory point of vie'
l. prevailed in the negotiations at Client
3 the United States had attempted con
g quest Of Canada, and must he put bdc
Z whore II belonged But II was an afYai
: OF perlamentariaus, in England tn
r popular mind was too wholly taken II
with Continental affairs To remembe
v the American war. the news that iii
= treaty Of Client had been rattle
II reached London almos. Simultaneous
o with the report that Napoleon had r.
IT turned from l2lha." The Hundred DAY.
y Waterloo and 81 Helena diverto
l. British attention from the remote II,
l. tie capital on the Potomac,
c. But il was different IN Canada. Ua
d of the Canadian population was Englisl
= and half OF this half. the most infiuer
y tial element IN the population. consists
Ie of Tory families driven out OF n
3 Colonies IN the Revolution And
r supplement and continue the origin,
l. ioyalist hatred OF the republic. Canad
le was rapidly developing patriot
ID tradition" OF Ner own. Canadians d,
nanded territorial reRdjustmants thu
r. should keep tho southern, rival natio
A. back from the SHORES Of tire 0rei
a Lakes, Diplomatic consideration Of n
90 matter OF naval armements on tho LAX,
4 began IN 1916. On both sides OF y
30 frontier new and larger vessels wei
" being built. Sir James yeo had @
Ne the stocks nj Kingston ono 10 gun ar
tn two "a gun ships OF tho lin
is and at sacketts Harbor two 4
re- were IN process OF construction.
g. 1877 formal agreement was ex
N cuted. by the terms of which Il
nd frontier naval force OF each nation W,
n 20 he restricted 10 four vessels OF n,
n. more than 100 tons burden and arm;
no ment not in excess of one Is pounde
one vessel to be allowed on the Ontar
station, two on the upper Lakes nj
. one on Lake Champlain. Thencefort
peace on the Great Lakes hung upon q