davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1914-04-16

even today greets his ncignbor. To
use holy names in ordinary CONVERSE
ton was blasphemy, they declared.
This act was set down as an impiety
ana was reported, together with many
other Of their acts, 10 the. archbishop.
When summoned before him they re-
fused to explain their actions or to
obey him, declaring that they were
bound into a confederation Ito be
faithful TO the Gospel even unto
death" Torture. persecution, impris-
onment and even death did not shake
their faith, Finally the crisis came
when the archbishop ordered the
adults driven across the border and
had the children detained to be
brought up in the bosom of the
Church. Many of the banished people
settled in Prussia and Holland. A
few OF the male children escaped from
the keepers and by begging their way
through Germany found their parents
on the shores of the Baltic. This
was the first record of Professionalism
asserting itself in that part of Europe.
Even today the traveller finds evil
dences OF the "Salzburg exodus" in
that city, for in the Gerichtsthuernd
a torture room Is shown which was
used during the dark days OF perse-
cution. The place is a perfect cham
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1914-04-16

in railroad rails-the sort of flaws
that, according to railroad men, have
been responsible for so many wrecks
This attempt to ascertain by magnetic
means whether any given rail is quail
flied to stand up under the pounding
of express trains is one of the most
interesting activities just inaugurated
In Uncle Sans newest building, and
the experts who are engaged in this
quest have secured, for experimental
purposes, rails formerly in use on the
New York, New Haven and Hartford
railroad where have occurred some of
the wrecks that have recently To-
cussed attention upon this whole sub
ject.
Sometimes 1t is not SO much get
ting your moneys worth as saving
your moneys worth that the govern
ment has in mind in the labors. of love
that 1t is carrying on in this new in
st!.ution. That Is the situation, for
instance, in the investigation of cleo
trolysis which has been undertaken
by special order of Congress. Ever
since the advent of trolley systems
in this country, a great amount of
damage to gas and water pipes and
other sub-surface structures has been
experienced due to the presence of
stray currents in the earth. Vast
sums ore being spent every year by
municipal governm ents and Ivy gas
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1914-04-16

and stone exterior of this new nerve
center of electrical knowledge would
never suspect what a freak" struc-
ture this new Electrical Laboratory
what made 1t cost so much, but they
are necessary to the work in hand.
First of all. it was necessary in plan
ming the structure to prevent in so
far as possible those vibrations which
are to be expected as a matter of
course in the case of the average
structure in city or town. Well, the
first preCaution was to set the build
ing on top of hill and to buy all the
land around so that no Jars or jolts
should be impaired to the earth very
near to it. But how eXacting are the
requirements may be surmiscd when
it is explained that even as it is, with
the new building, a good quarter of
mile from the nearest trolley road
there are some cXperim ents so deli
cate that the scientists do not dare
undertake them until after one o'clock
in the morning when the cars have
stopped running and when, for the
only time in the twenty-four hours,
there Is immunity from the vibrations
which however imperceptiblc to the
average human being might influence
the superlatively delicate instruments
at the Bureau.
Some of the machines which have
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1914-04-16

Der of horrors-a relic of a. happily
by-gone age.
Fine Old Churches.
The town is rich in churches-the
cathedral Icing modelled after st. Pc
ter's at Rome. 1t was built In 1914
by Santlno Solan. The Franciscan
church OF the thirteenth century,
however, is much more interesting
with its fine Romanesque portal and
splendid Gothic tower. on the high
altar is the famous Madonna of Salz-
burg in wood, the work of Pacher,
done in 1850. The frescos have been
badly restored, much Of the beauty
Iof the church being destroyed by in
ferior workmanship.
The Church of St, George, while
not as old as the two above men
toned, contains some remarkable stat
ues, such as one of each of the Twelve
Apostles carved in red marble. The
College Church is an excellent exam
pie Of the baroque, and has a lofty,
imposing dome. 1t is. however, re-
garded as modern from the fact that
it was completed in the eighteenth
century Near this church on the
University Platz the public market is
held. and by visiting this place early
in the morning one gets an excellent
idea of the peasantry of this Sec
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1914-04-16

has just been erected and equipped
at a cost of more than one-third of
million dolldra-added to q group
of four buildings already devoted to
this undertaking. In a sense, the la
test phase Of this effort TO get for
the everyday citizen his moneys worth
AS eXempiitied in the new building
just mentioned---is the most interest
ing of all because it concerns itself
with electrical values and electrical
measures which, in this electrical age,
concern all of us but regarding which
so many of us are more or less ig-
norant, at least in a highly technical
sense.
The latest temple to the moneys
worth" idea erected in the outskirts Of
the city of Washington, y. c., is des-
ignated officially as the Electrical
Laboratory of the National Bureau Of
Standards and, incidentally be it said,
with conscious pride. that it is the
finest electrical laboratory in the
world. The building is 200 feet in
length by So feet in width. There
is also little annex where the ex-
perimenters toy with electric currents
up to 100000 vots-forces so dead
~ and dangerous that it is not con-
sidered safe to have the apparatus in
the main building.
Delicate Experiments.
\ visitor gazing at the plain brick
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1914-04-16

water and railway companies in an
effort to mitigate the evil. While some
progress has been made the situation
is so serious that Congress has or
dered the Federal experts to go to
the bottom of the matter and en-
deavor to devise u remedy that will
prove a real cure. Incidentally the
subject has lately taken on deepened
interest because it has been disclosed
that there is grave possibility OF dam
age to reinforced concrete structures
buildings. bridges and the like
from this same sort OF stray currents.
The Light Test Room.
The visitor who makes a tour of
the new Electrical Laboratory is like
ly to be all but blinded by glare of
light as he opens n door on the third
floor. And no wonder, for it may be
the concentrated illumination Of as
many as $500 electric lamps that he
is facing. If he had approached the
building at night he might have been
forewarned, because the flood of light
which pours from the windows Of
this one room Eliminates the whole
landscape. But this Tight test room"
has a very practical purpose for all
the seeming waste of the magic cur
rent. TO be sure in this room there
will be burned out" each year thou
sands of incandescent bulbs, but they
will give up their lives to good pur-
pose-both on behalf Of Uncle Sam
and the public in general.
The United States Government buys
each year. for use in this building,
etc, vastly more than one million in
candescent lamps, and it Is very much
interested to know that it, in all in
stances, gets its moneys worth-as
well as to know that the private citi-
zen who is a customer in smaller de
gree gets value received. To prove
this the government has established
this light test ROOM and here thou
sands of lamps selected at random, in
the open market as it were, are sub
jected to the life test" to prove that
they really do burn one thousand
hours each, as they are expected to do.
Uncle Sam also wants to know that
the regulation bulbs do not require
too much electric current to yield the
proper illumination, and these and
other details are disclosed by the
practical trying-Out of sample bulbs in
this room, which is filled with metal
racks on which are ranged the sock
cts for the lamps.
Help For The Autoist.
To get one hundred cents worth of
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1914-04-16
q OCIICCI L| AzGZo'G1"ZoI[l COIQIGF
O2Ce y ROH29T2 Arz2>OIGG91G<0S

OF which many graves are heWn. Some
OF the interments in the burial ground
date as far back as the thirteenth cen
fury and in the rocks are numerous
caves or cham bers, one OF which was
known as the hermitage of the holy
MaXimus who was martyred at this
place by the Huns in the year All
At present it is called the Chapel of
st. MaXimus. The room is cut in the
rock, everything about it being OF
stone except the wooden seats which
form a strange contrast to the rough
stone cavern-the most ancient Chris
tian shrine in Salzburg. These cav
erns in Castle Rock are also believed
to have been a refuge at various times
for the prosecuted Christians during
the early ages of Roman rule and
perhaps saved many from martyrdom
in the arena at the riding school. The
Gothic church OF St. Margaret in the
center of the burial ground was built
during the early part OF the fifteenth
century while the Church OF st. Pc
ter's nearby is Romanesque edi-
flee dating back to 1881. 1t contains
4 monument to the composer Michael
Haydn, a brother Of the more cele-
brated Joseph Haydn, whose body
rests In st. Peters cemetery, and a
tombstone Of st. Rupert dated us.
1t has been well said that Salzburg
is Il city of contrasts and this Is eX-
emplifed by the fact that one of the
old caves in the rear of the cemetery
has been converted into a wine room
and gate from the burial ground
leads directly into n room full of ia
bles where the wine is served. At
first this rather shocks the American
sense Of propriety, but after mingling
with the crowd at the tables, seeing
how we'll behaved everyone is, and re-
membering that the drinking OF wine
in that country Is universal, one soon
forgets that just behind the living sit
ting at the tables and benches en-
joying themselves lie the remains of
their forefathers who had gone to
their final rest generations ago.
birthplace OF Mozart.
Sazburg was the birthplace Of the
great Mozart, and his home on the
third floor of a house on the Getreid-
egasse is pointed out with much pride
by the residents. During his lifetime
the people of the town refused to
listen to his music. and In many ways
embittered his life to such an extent
that he Is said to have died at the
age of thirty-siX thinking his life
failure. A few years later Salzhurg
began to do him honor by opening
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1914-04-16

the Mozart Museum, where today tha
lover of music may revel in relics OF
this unequalled melodist. The spiner
used by him and various other inter-
estinG mementos of his life have beer
gathered together. His birthplace Il
marked, Platz is named il his
honor. and a beautiful statue of the
dead musician has been set up In the
center, and Sal2burg is proud TO 90
honor to the genius whom their an
cestors refused to recognize-truly an
example of the people who build Sc
pulchres to the prophets whom their
fathers have slain.
Sal2burg has made use Of its rocks
even in its fountains, for the one on
the Rosidenz Platz shows four horses
and the figure of Atlas. all of which
were heWn out of a single rock y
number of monuments are scattered
throughout the city. but the one IN
which Americans are usually most in
terested is the life-sized marble statue
of the late Empress Elizabeth of Aus
tria, who was assassinated during
visit TO Switzerland several years ago.
The statue stands in the new part
of the town near the railroad sta
ton and is backed by the luxuriant
foliage of park. The figure is cut
from a single block of marble and is
of the most delicate Workmanship,
and said to be a perfect prototype
of the much beloved wife of the En-
peror Franz Joseph.
There is the town palace, which is
mediocre except for its beautiful in
laid floors. 1t is poorly kept from the
fact that 1t has not been occupied by
royalty for many years. Since the
assassination of his wife the old EN-
peror spends most of his time in vi
emma or at the summer palace at
lshel. The Imperial Chateau of He'll
brun, three miles from the city, is
much finer, but even this does not
compare with dozens of other royal
residences in Europe. The Gardens,
however, are of the style of the sew
enteenth and eighteenth centuries,
and are very pretty, and the view
from them is like all views around
NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS..
1t must not be understood that Salz-
burg Is not modern as we'll, for the
new section of the city contains splen-
did. up-to-date homes, public build
ings, fine shops and hotels, but these
are to be found in all parts of Europe
and do not attract the traveller half
so much as the ancient rock -hewn
parts OF the city which give Salzburg
a distinct individuality Of its own.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1914-04-16

value for every dollar invested in a
storage battery is an ambition OF
every man or woman who owns an
electric automobile. or ever hopes to
own one. Uncle Sam is anxious TO
help. To that end he has set apart
section of the ground door OF the
new Electrical Laboratory for meas
urements and tests of storage bat
teries and here are installed more
than seven hundred storage batteries
Of various kinds.
As means to the end Of securing
moneys worth it is vitality important
that the public be supplied with in-
struments that will measure with alb
solute accuracy the commodities Of
commerce. This is one Of the func-
tons of rhe Bureau Of Standards. It
is in furtherance of this purpose that
the institution has as among its chief
treasures an accurate copy of the In
ternational meter-the standard Of
length tho international kilogram---
standard Of weight; and apparatus for
yielding accurate volume measure
ments such as the gallon and bushel.
With the Characteristic, up-to-det
policy, the institution Is now laboring
to provide aviators with more accurate
instruments for measuring elevations.
Just So at the new Electrical Labora-
tory one of the commissions upon
which DIR. Edward Il. Rosa and his staff
of fifty experts is engaged is that Of
securing greater accuracy in the va
rious types of instruments for testing
electric currents. This means. under
stand. not merely measuring appa-
ratus such as employed by electrical
engineer and operators OF power
plants but the watt-hour meter which
is universally used wherever electric
power is sold.
And perhaps it may be news to you
but this ultra-scientifc institution at
the national capital has a good deal
to say as to the quantity Of artificial
light which you receive for a given
price in your home or your office or
workshop, no matter whether the il
lumnant you use Is electricity or gas.
This comes about from the fact that
the Bureau of Standards "sets the
pace" so to speak. as to what con-
stitutes the unit of candlepower Fur
thermore Uncle Sam has not only in
duced the American gas and electrical
Industries to accept his candlepowor
unit thereby bringing about uniform
ity in all parts of the country, but
England and France have been pre-
vailed upon to accept this Nank-
stan dard s their own.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1914-04-16
Uncle Sam Is Conducting
Some Wonderful Exper-
mental Work In Wash.
ington In An Effort To
Help His Offspring Get
Full Value OF a Dollar.

g. EitI reader of this page has
Muw doubtless been told in print
many times during the past
NS-6 decade of the many and varied
efforts on the part of the United States
Government to help its citizens to
make money. We all know, for eX-
ample, of the work of the L. S. De-
partment of Agriculture in aiding the
farmers to literally or figuratively
make two blades OF grass grow where
only one grew before. And, in like
measure, has the Bureau of Mines
been lending a helping hand to mine
operators; the Post Office Department
with It's Rural Free Delivery and
Parcel Post has been expanding the
business Of the small storekeeper:
the Weather Bureau has been not
only sparing lives, but saving the
property Of our shipowncrs by it's
storm warnings; and so on down the
long line of Federal free service.
Help Where Needed.
But the man in the street''--cer-
tainly not more than one in a thou
sand of bim--has heard more than a
hint of that other governmental ac-
tivity which has paralleled the work
above mentioned The unheralded
work of the government, to put it in
Il sentence, is to help the people to
get their moneys worth, meaning
their moneys worth in all that they
buy-food. clothing, shelter, light,
warmth and transportation
Yet this is what is being done on
behalf of the public by that unique
institution, the National Bureau of
Standards and in furtherance of
which another research laboratory
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1914-04-16

To get one hundred cents worth Of
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1914-04-16
Quaint Old City Once q
( art Of the Roman En-
oire and the Scene OF Re-
|igious Persecution =
Noted for Its Magnificent
Location, Quaint Arch.
lecture and Rock Hewn
CaVernS.

fs& AIIXBURG, the ancient JuvaVia
~ of the Romans, has been given
~ many names, such as the City
" of Mountains, the City of Rocks
pad the City of Churches, but recent
an American traveller charmed by
be beauty of its surroundings called
THE City Of Glorious Situation"
his is, perhaps. the most appropri
pc name of all, for its location rivals
fy CITY In Europe in grandeur of
fenery 1t lies for the most part on
plain from which rise two isolated
lis and between these hills the green
facier-fed Salzach River winds its
hpetuous way down through a fer
le valley. On the right bank is the
(apucinerberg, once the property Of
great monastery, while on the left
the MOnschberg, with its medieval
brtress known as the "SchIoss'
erched In a most unique position on
spur of the huge rock. There is
b endless charm to the magnificent
Ihlf-circie Of snowy Alps as they APP
bar from the city across the grassy
Iark like plain which divides Salz-
Ilrg from the Berchtesgadner Hoch
hide. These grassy plains are stud
| d with villages and farmhouses.
bile the great snow-capped noun
Inns rise in the background like giant
'rtifications.
Curious History.
The city has had a curious history.
was the property of the Catholic
hurch from the early ages until-the
ginning of the nineteenth century.
bring all that time 1t was ruled by
+ince Bishops whose luxurious man
r of living rivaled the German po-
'ntates of that age, and for several
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1914-04-16

been installed have, in a final effort
to eliminate vibrations, been mounted
on brick piers or concrete founda-
tons which are carried down to bed
rock, independent of the foundations
OF the building itself so that these
ucklish instruments are in reality de-
tached completely from the structure
which houses them. Then again there
is a room in which are carried on
magnetic tests and experiments
every one of you who has an automo-
bile may in time feel the benefit of
this probe-and in this section of the
building it was necessary when erect
ing the steel frame work to go to the
expense Of installing manganese steel
beams in order that there might be
nothing in the environment to inter-
fere with the experiments. Even the
roof of the new laboratory building
has been specially designed, for here
will take place the tests and expert
ments that it is hoped will be trans
lated into decree of "money's
worth" for all users of wireless teleg-
raphy.
Rail Testing a Feature.
After all, however, there is not a
phase of this governmental effort to
secure full value for money paid bv
purchasers that Is likely to prove
more valuable than the effort to find a
dependable means of detecting flaws
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1914-04-16

g. EKI reader of this page has
S{rm doubtless been told in print
" many times during the past
Nsu6 decade of the many and varied
The public ledger. [volume] (Maysville, Ky.) 1913-1968, 1914-05-04
JUSTICE MAYO ON THE
INFLUENCE OF CHILDREN.

"Children have a great influence over the entire
family, and in many instances are able to bring
about reforms that all other agencies might fail
of obtaining Essays Justice John b. Mayo, the most
fatherly of all the Childrens Court jursts in the
May Strand. This may seem bit exaggerated,
but every man and woman who has worked for
any time in this Court pins his or her faith to the
child They look to the inspiration of the child for
the betterment of the home
81 know that it seems anomalous that the little
ones who should be protected and kept from harm
by the parents are really in reverse position and
that it is the boy girl in the majority OF cases
that, in reality is taking an interest in the upft Of
the parents and who are extending sort OF moral
supervision over their manner of living.
'In the congested parts Of the city there are
thousands of homes which are pitiful places III
themselves. Add to this drunken or lazy father
and mother or parents of lax morals; then what
can reasonably be expected of the ill-nourished
poorly cared-for offspringsY In such cases the pa
rents are dragging the children to ruin. From
such families the majority of the children of this
Court are brought. There are many charges under
which they come: truancy incorrigibility, dis
honesty, wickedness and improper guardianship
| believe, thoroughly, that many of these charges
would not be brought against the little ones if the
guardianship were proper. The fact of the matter
is that improper guardianship is largely TO blame
for majority of the cases that come before the
Court. .4e
"Much of the trouble develops with home en-
vronment. The parents become angered with their
children. 1t does not occur to them that at the
bottom the blame rests on them. They have brough<
them into the world and then failed of their duty =,
That they should be punished with the child, if
punishment is necessary, does not enter their heads
They have not been educated to look at the ques
ton from that point of view.
cit is the child who, unconscously, leads them to
see the situation in its true light When the child
comes to this court, then begins his or her part in
the reformation of the family. And it is truly mar
velous to observe the vast Improvement in the
father and mother of a child on probation"