davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1914-09-27

tons employ this system Of sweeping"
by means of long cables stretched be-
tween two launches. which catch and
entangle the planted hostile mines. pull
ing them from their anchorage.
The third method of conquering a mine
field is called creeping" and consists
in dragging hooks along the bottom to
locate cable. which are then severed.
its own individual plans for the con,
struction of submarine mines, and per-
haps. its own particular method of det-
onating them, the details of which are
as carefully guarded az are the plans of
Evening star., 1914-09-27
Agreed!

Senator Borah of
Idaho is credited
with this story,
told at a recent
dinner:
There was a
p a rti leu larly
grouchy congress-
man. 1t seems,
who att e n d g d
some sort Of an
affair where he
had the misfor-
tune to meet a
pompous gentle-
man who fyDmadf.
Evening star., 1914-09-27
They Understood!

Senator James
Porter McCumher
of North Dakota
is from the state
which Is famed
for its big farms.
North Dakota, it
is said. raises
one-sixth of the
entire wheat crop
of the Union. and
the large ranches
are several thou
sand acre sin ex-
tent. Often the
train will go for
Evening star., 1914-09-27

with the aid of a high-speed launch
from which ten or a dozen mines are
automatically dropped into the waters
mined by the enemy. When the counter
mines are fired the mines Of the enemy
are exploded. The second form Of pro-
ceeding against hostile mine field is
one which has been adopted by the
British government. 1t is called mine
sweeping and is performed by trawlers.
a fleet of which type of craft is main
pose.
These trawIers are fitted with a special
gear known as ''picking-up gear" which
Evening star., 1914-09-27
Kind Mother Made.

Senator Thomas
Sterling of South
Dakota possesses
one of the Oldest
names in Scottish
history, a name
which has gone
back for hundreds
of years in wealth
and fame. Yet
few man have
known the hard
work. the actual
pinch of poverty,
as he.
His ancestors
Evening star., 1914-09-27

l.
allied armies-English and Dutch and
the French and Bavarians-were each
about $4,000 strong. At the end of the
day the French and Bavarians left
$4,000 dead on the field, besides $4,000
of their prisoners, while the English
and Dutch counted their loss at 1880.
Those figures show that one man was
killed or wounded out of every four
men engaged.
At Jena the Prussian loss was $1,000
out of 100000, and the French $4,000
out of 10000. a proportion of one in
five At Eylau the Russians lost $4,000
out of $4,000, the French 10000 out Of
$4,000, one in three. At Aspern, the
scene of Napoleon's first defeat. the
carnage was still greater. Out Of an
army of 10000 one-half were left upon
the field.
The battle of iCorodino was fought
on one September day with iintlock
muskets, smooth-bore muszle-loading
cannon, saber and hayonet, and of the
French force of $4,000 $4,000 lay dead
or wounded, while out Of the Russian
fSe 9e eeout 1900 tss We're sn
wounded.
In the days Of the Roman legions the
Roman troops when close enough to
the enemy hurled the plum and rushed
Naissus the Goth dead numbered 1oo.-
900, according to historic accounts
which appear plausible.
At Falkirk, where King Edward
used the crossbow. ons.haM M OF the
and at Cressy. Poitiers. Asincourt and
Flodden the killing and manning was
greater in proportion to numbers en-
Evening star., 1914-09-27

Russo-Japanese war. perhaps more than
any other engagement in recent inter-
national history. gives the best example
of terrestrial mining as well as the sub
marine form OF this method Of wholesale
destruction.
In that engagement the mines con-
sisted Of heavy wooden or metal cases
loaded with a charge of pyroxylin.
These cases were buried in rows of forty
or fifty yards apart. 200 yards in advance
Of the lines of defense. and each mine
was placed ten or twelve yards from its
neighbor.
The contact mines were exploded by
the weight Of passing columns pressing
trigger downward and completing an
electric current. The others were fired
by electric currents controlled through
wires which ran back to the fortifica-
tions For its destructive force the ter
restrial mine depends upon the charge
of gravel. dirt and stones blown into
the air. and upon the effect of the vioi-
lent displacement of air caused by the
explosive.
Pocket editions Of these terrestrial
mines were also used by both the Rus
Evening star., 1914-09-27

- the battle of Port Arthur. in which tn
attacking fleet suffered 30 terribly from
this method Of defense. each had iti
chapter to add to the history of mines
and early in the present European strug-
gle traces Of the widespread use of sub.
marine explosive devices were found.
Shipping and military men now are O.
the opinion that the British cruiser Am.
phion. which went down in the North
sea. struck two mines that had been Sc,
adrift in violation of the rules of civilized
warfare. 1t Is further assumed that
these mines were Of the deadly chemica
contact variety uncomfortable from the
moment they are planted.
The Hague rules governing the warfare
OF nations permits a country to mine as
it pleases the waters of its rivers and
tional limit of three miles offshore where
the high seas begin. But when a mine
is planted on the high seas, 1t must he
one which will loose It's potency within
which means. in effect, that nothing but
a torpedo may be used at distance
greater than three miles from the coast,
and even the torpedo is subject to the
one-hour rule.
Every nation has its own particular
and secret method for mining its har-
bors. rivers and sea channels The usual
plan of a mine field consists of laying
waterway in several directions. leaving
a narrow. tortuouA passage through
which friendly vessels may be piloted
The charts of these mine fields. showing
the location of the hidden danger to
shipping are guarded carefully. and their
details usually known only to two or
three officers.
Permanent and secret mine fields are
in general use as harbor defenses
throughout the world. To accomplish
their permanency and yet avoid the dan
gers to shipping which their presence
entails, such mine fields are usually
in other words. mines which are of
spherical shape. float near the surface
of the water and are exploded by con-
tact with ship.
These mines in time of peace are
moored close to the river or harbor bed
and attached to the moOrings are small
charges of explosives. Should a sudden
emergency arise. these small charges are
detonated from shore, the close moor
ings are released, and they rise to a point
near enough to the surface to come In
contact with any vessel passing above
them.
Terrestrial mines are, in the main, not
greatly different in principle from those
OF the submarine variety. except that
they are planted at a depth of three or
four feet underground Instead of sub
merged in the waters Of rivers and har-
bors
Like its submarine brother of DEATH
the terrestrial mine may be exploded
either by contact or by controlled
electric current which sets Off the ex-
p!osiVe at any moment desired.
The battle of Port Arthur, during the
Evening star., 1914-09-27

JBMARINE q n d
terrestrial explo-
sive mines are. In
the opinion of mill
tary and naval ex-
perts Of interna-
tional repute. bound
to play important
offensive and de-
fensive parts IN
the all-Europe con-
1ict.
And. considering
Evening star., 1914-09-27

ately began to explain tariff. ship sub
sidy. foreign relations and other mat
ters. The speaker rambled on.
Congress" concluded the pompous
gentleman. should do better on the
mater of immigration"
The grouchy congressman, who had
been getting more and more bored.
jumped to his feet and exclaimed:
"You bet! We're wasting our time,
An immigrant can't speak English, so
we needn't bother him. But we ought
to be arranging to get some of tho
people already In this country out of
It,"
The list OF senators whose present
terms will expire on the Sd Of next
March SIS a long one. On that date
thirty Of our solons will cease the
service of the last term for which they
are holding office. And many, amone
them Senator Stephenson of Wiscon-
sin. will not stand for reelection
Evening star., 1914-09-27

Sir George Ashton. the British MILL
tary expert. is one of the men who not
withstanding a long and exhaustive
study of modern aircraft and its re!a-
tion to war. believes that the army
aeroplane OF dirigibIe hold dire men
least not in their present state OF de-
Velorr1ert
In his recent book. Sea. Land and Air
Strategy" Sir George says:
In considering the bombardTnent of
toU-s with bombs dropped from aircraft
We rave examu!es Al our disposal of the
similar case Of homhardment by ordi-
nary guns. Experience tells US that a
vast amount of shell must be fired to
co anv rnaterial dar1age.
THE accuracy attained by aircraft in
dropping bombs stu leaves much to be
desired. and the question of replenish-
rnent offers greater difficulties than IL
does in the case of siege batteries.
Taking all the r0ints into cons;dera-
tion. if it !s SO difficult to reduce the
crowded population OF town to sub
TO assume that the few hundred aircraft
at the disposed Of any military power
would be unable to bring serious pres
sure to bear upon hostile nation num-
herring many millions and spread over
vide area"
But with submarine and subterranean
mines different asnect Is presented.
and strangely enough the mine first
Of Antwerp In 1885. when an Italian
engineer filed several small iron ves-
sells with gunpowder arranged for
their explosion hy rude. c1ockwork
triggers and foated them down stream
TO demolish a bridge erected by the
enemy. From that time the mine
has been a recognized adjunct of war
fare the world over.
In the Franco-Prussian war of 1870
II is declared by experts that the naval
superiority of the French over the Ger
mans was to a great extent neutralized
when the Germans made extensive use
of electrical. mechanical and dummy
mines in their system of harbor defense.
The Spanish-American war, and later
Evening star., 1914-09-27

.AMMELAYIH6 SHE.
SrERN view NINE
LAYING W.sSEL. hE. SPHERICAL
nMEsR RANGED lNADauE Row
ON The RAILS WMHPfoJEcT
OVER The WATER, cANBEAuTo-
-hAT1cALLY DROPPED M A
: STRING As THEyTsSEL STEAMS
A10N6 IN THIS VIZ A AINE ,
HE1D CAN -DEXEEI QUICKLY
(LA1p. s,.x.es esSSs s =. e. o >s..,, ,..
Evening star., 1914-09-27

the devastating possibilities Of fleet OF
airships whose aviators are equipped to
drop bombs upon unsuspecting military
forces battieships fortified towns. as
against the heavy toll of death and de-
etructlon which has already and will be
reaped from the mine fields OF war-rid-
den Europe within the next few months.
these same experts believe that all the
odds are in favor of the explosive snare
hidden beneath the waters OF the sea
or the crust of a prosp ective battlefield.
This stand. too. has been taken in the
face of the fear which is perhaps pres
ent in every community in the war zone
today that bomb-dropping aircraft
may. at any moment. sail over London
town, or Paris. ST. Petersburg or Ant
werp. leaving below a wake of property
blown to atoms and corpse-strewn
plain
Evening star., 1914-09-27

Death Turks In the
Terrible Devices Con-
cealed in Path of Ad-
vancing Enemy
Mines Are Buried in
Ground or Submerged
in the Sea-Various
Kinds of Mines in Use
How to Conquer a
Mine Field.
Evening star., 1914-09-27

DdlLleS DeluEs lOu6ht lSudJ Oh Z
less sanguinary than the battles
. of older times. If against the
deaths and wounds be set the num-
bers of the fighting men. Quick-hring
cannon and magazine rifles shed less
blood than when men engaged each
other at arms length with spear or
sword or in compact masses fought
each other with crossbow or smooth
bore musket. In times of classic war
the thought of taking cover was for
hidden the soldier by the ethics of his
trade
No absolute compilation of killed and
wounded in the battle of the Marne has
been given general publicity. Perhaps
the military authorities of the nations
sustaining the losses do not themselves
know the dread figures. but the unof-
ficial estimate Of 100000 German dead
and wounded and $4,000 French and
British dead and wounded has been
unofficially made on the side of the
allies. Those are bloody. ghastly loss
es, but when it is remembered that at
a rough estimate 100000 men were
shooting at one another, and sometimes
stabbing and slashing with bayonet and
saber, and that the fighting was spread
over period of several days, the per-
centage of loss was not high as losses
were measured in the battles of old.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1914-12-07
COST OF MILK
PRODUCTION
Four Hearings to Be Held in
Vermont Towns During
the Present Month
AT BELLOWS FALLS
ON'DECEMBER IL
Farmers Everywhere Urged to Attend
Meetings-sone of the Most I'm
portant Subjects Which VIII Be
Taken Up for Consideration.

The cost to the Vermont farmer of pro-
ducing a quart of milk and the problems
pertaining to the possible reduction OF
this cost will be the subjects of investi-
cation at four hearings to be held at Bel
lows Falls, Dec. IL; Rutland, Dee IL;
Burlington, Dee. 20; and st. Johnsbury,
Dec. Both, under the auspices of the emit
ed States department of agriculture. Yer
mont department of agriculture, the State
Agricultural college, the State Grange, the
Vermont Eairymen's association and the
Boston Chamber Of Commerce. 1t is hoped
that by determining Just how much il
costs each farmer to produce his milk day
by day, facts relative TO the business ci
milk production will be collected, and
when these facts are boiled down and put
INTO disable form, the farmers viii be giver
the opportunity to benefit by the expert
tnce Of those Of their number who are pro
duclng milk on the lowest and most profit
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1914-12-07

able basis, and it will be ascertaincd if
present prices are too low TO afford a rea-
Sonablc profit to the producer.
The New England Milk Producers asso-
cation recently asked the Boston Cham
Der of Commerce to look into tho mill,
situation with a view to making recon-
mcndations as to how the situation could
he bcttered. On July l. a meeting was
held in Boston by the Chamber OF Com
merce at which were present representa-
tivcs from the State Department of Agr-
culture, Agricultural Colleges and Oranges
OF each state and the United States De
FaTtmcnt. of Agriculture. 1t was voted to
hold hearings in each state TO collect sta
tstics on. which recommendations for the
improY ement- of dairy interests and the
preservation Of the New England COW
might be made. Hearings similar TO those
to be held in this state have occurred all
| over New ENGLAND throughout the fall.
The milk situation in New England has
changed greatly during this past Il years.
| In New England there are 210 cities and
towns of over 5000 population with a
/ total population Of over 5,000,000 per,
sons. Fifteen years ago most Of the critics
and towns. received their supply OF milk
/ from the immediate vicinity. Now
| throughout New England the railroads
handle 60 ears of milk a day, or over hall
a million quarts of milk, some of it com
ing from a distance of over geo miles
Transportation charges. icing, together with
more modern demands for 'pasteurizatior
and more. clearly methods in the handling
and production Of the commodity, re
qnired by the state boards of health, have
created problem IN management and ac
counts wlrich many of the farmers anC
consumers do not understand.
Fifteen years ago practically no mill
was bottled or pasteurized. Now practi
100pound basis, for certain months Of tn,
year, ..-.--.. ......
What does it cost the farmer to produc,
milk as he figures it? What does it COS
to keep a COW per year?
Is the milk weighed and is there a GOV
testing association in the vicinity:
Are other lines Of farming carried on il
connection with the dairying operation?
| BY determining the original cost of
p barn, the length of time it will last, COS
: of repairs each year and striking off 1
: per cent for depreciation, the cost OF hou:
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1914-12-07
WEST DUMMERSTON.

Miss Maude Taft of Greenfield visit.
ed lfer parents, Mr.. and Mrs John
Taft, here last week.
Air. and Mrs. Arthur Wilson have
returned TO their home in Brattleboro.
after visit of several days at his
lgome here.
The dance given in Grange hall
Thursday evening was largely attend
ed. Wales and Dugan furnished music.
Il line supper was served.
The sale and supper the evening os
Dee. , for the benefit of the lydia
Taft library was well attended and
nearly $40 was collected. The Sunday
school gave an entertainment during
! the evening and charged small fee to
use for Christmas work. The women in
charge of both library and Sunday.
school work appreciates the efforts OF
all who helped make the evening a sue
cess.
In the regular Grange meeting
| December 3 the following officers were
elected: Master, Frank Leonard; over
seer, Victor Lamothe; lecturer, f. Ali
da Baldwin: steward. G. B. Field: as
sistant steward, N. r. Huntlev: chap
lain, Kitty Clark; treasurer. Ruth
Baldwin; secretary, Samuel Clark: Po-
mona, Lizzie Huntley; Ceres, Mrs. F.
J. Wilkins; Flora, Mrs. Hattie Clark:
lady assistant steward, Miss Ruth
Clark; gate keeper, James Clark, IT..
Mrs. e. ]. Wilkins was chosen dele
gate to the state Grange meeting in
Montpelier next week.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1914-12-07
Brothers Drown Together.

\ double drowning occurred at Miles
pond Gin Concord) the victims being
two sons Of Mr.. and Mrs. George NJ.
Young.
Walter Young, Is years old, was
skating on the pond and had his sew
en-year-old brother, Murray, on sled,
which he was pushing ahead of him.
Walter s skate came off and threw
aim, the sled going on with such force
that it went into an open place in the
pond. Evidently Walter tried to save
Murray, for the two bodies when re-
covered half an hour later We're lock-
ed together. 1t is known that Walter
came to the surface once for his cries
for help were heard by Calvin Break
wood, who hurried so to reach him
that he fell and was very badly
bruised.
The father of the boys is in bed sui
fering from tuberculosis, but got up in
an endeavor to help his sons, and
, tainted, being unable to reach them.
Mr.. and Mrs. Young have seven
other children and on account of Mr..
Ycung's illness are in straitened cir
cumstances so that the loss is particu-
larry hard for them to bear.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1914-12-07

ing the COW per year can be determined
and the same analysis of feed costs will
show The feed cost OF COWS. The cost OF
labor, interest on money invested in COWS
and barn, taxes, depreciation. etc, should
be taken into consideration.
In the same way the costs Of tganspOrta-
ton and distribution viii be analyzed and
the results finally published in pamphlet
form and distributed for the information
of those concerned.
y representative each from the Vermont
department OF agriculture, a college OF
agriculture, State Grange, State Dairy
man 5 association and from the Committee
OF Agriculture of the Boston Chamber of
Commerce will conduct the hearings, all Of
which viii commence at IL am. and con
time throughout the day.
1t Is necessary. If the hearings are to be
of real benefit 10 the producers of milk in
: Vermont, that every farmer urge his
neighbor 10 attend the hearings and con
tribute his store of knowledge to the COM
mon fund, that the plan may succeed and
that thereby the rapid decrease in the
dairy business, which has been noticeab Bile
throughout New England for the past few
years may be stopped. After all, there is
cally none OF il. escapes either process
The ordinary, individual does not believe
that 1t costs the farmer money to daily
remove the. piles OF manure which before
the present day regulations went into Of
feet could stand for season, or TO ice the
milk. or 10 pasteurizc it or provide mod
crn equipment Of various description Per
feet rasteurization means heating the mill;
and holding it at 143 degrees for - min
utes to half an hour.
Under the old methods it was a compar.
atively easy matter for the farmer to keep
his cows and milk them and then sell the
milk with little or no regard for what it
was costing him for feed. One hardly
needs to be told now, however, that in
these days when food stuffs are mounting
higher and higher in price it is vital that
the farmer know exactly what it is cost,
ing him TO produce his milk per quart
that he may adju> his expenses to work
proftably and econv icaiy. This Is an
age. of scientific management when every
item of expense must be placed where II
belongs or the balance sheet will come out
} awTy.
To bring out the facts that those IL
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1914-12-07
IT'S a Lucky Number They Say. Try
Your Luck by Making Your Christ.
mas Purchases Today

charge of the hearings desire to know as
we'll as to bring these facts home to the
persons interested, the questions asked
will be framed along the following lines:
What price is received for mill, whether
as butterfat or whole milk, at per can or
no more important industry than agricul-
ture, and this fact is more and more being
impressed upon the minds of the thinking
public. OF this industry dairying is the
largest single branch, and no pains should
be spared to accomplish results which will
bring New England back to her own in
dairy farming.
Railroads will grant convention rates of
two cents per mile from points nearest
each meeting.
f. s. BRIGHAM,
Commissioner of Agriculture.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1914-12-07
BONES NOT KNITTING WE'LL.
Daniel May of Wilmington Undergoes
Second Operation in Hospital.

Daniel May of Wilmington, who
sustained a fracture of one leg 10
weeks ago by the kick OF a horse. IS
not making satisfactory progress in
the North Adams hospital. When the
east was removed it was found that no
progress had been made in the knitting
together of the bones, which were held
in place by a silver. plate, and another
operation was performed in the final
effort to save the leg.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1914-12-07
Just as Good.

Wild-eyed Customer want a quar-
ter S worth of carbolic acid.
Clerk-This is q hardware. store. Blu;
we have-er-a fine line of ropes, re
volvers and razors.-1ale Record.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1914-12-07

DR.. Veron, a French surgeon at
Epernay, was paid $4,000 in gold for
operating on the wound received by
the German Crown Prince, as an
equivalent for the tax levied on tho
town by the Kaiser.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1914-12-07
Military Tactics.

Ny wife is going through some
army manenvers with her last year s
hat
- What dye mean, army mancu-
verse;
Well, she s turning the Wings
louisville Courier Journal.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1914-12-07

G. r. ALDRICH, M. D. Hours, 1890 to
$50, to g. Office phone 1851; house 1852.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1914-12-07

THOMAS RICE, NJ. D. Office and residence
over Vermont Savings Bank. Hours 8 TO 8
O. m, 1 to and TO 8 p. ~.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1914-12-07

Or. H. P. GREENE, Physician and surgcor
Office, Bank block. Hours: to Q. a. IN
1 to 3 and to p. Residence, SO Gree
st. Telephone connections.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1914-12-07

We operate the Christmas Club to
be helpful to the community and to en-
courage systematic savings and thrift.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1914-12-07

DR.. GRACE W. BURNETT, Physician and
Surgeon. Market block, Elliot ST. Office
hours: $50 to $50 a. m, 100 to 80 and
7 10 D. m Telephone, 744-W.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1914-12-07

DR.. HENRY TUCKER. Residence. l2 Grove
St; telephone 25S. Office, Leonard block.
Hours, 100 to ., and to 3. Telephone,
pow.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1914-12-07

Or. w. II. LANE. Office and residence, 6
Putney Road. Office hours: Mornings until
8; afternoons, until $50; evenings uatil g.
Telephone, 43O.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1914-12-07

ADVERTISE YOUR TO RENT
IN THE DAILY REEoRMER