Arizona republican., 1914-12-11
EUROPE'S ARMIES MUST SOON WAGE WAR
 WITH NEW ENEMY


 Within the next few weeks a new factor will have entered the European war-the cold winter which the field armies will find a more persistent more formidable enemy than the troops of opposing nations. The first advance of winter has been felt already by the soldiers entrenched along the river Aisne Chilly winds following a week sent q shiver through the lines of both forces
 More than anything else cold weather will hamper the mobility of the armies Theilr already heavily taxed transport trains will have the added burden of winter supplies. Troops will be able to cut loose from their advanced bases even brief peri ods. Shelter and warmth will have be provided at each stop of marching force, easy task when millions the battle lines
 Undoubtedly the general staffs of both sides have elaborate preparations made to keep the suffering necessarily caused by winter at minimum; but the greatest of humap endeavors cannot eliminate all hardship if army is given permanent station and movement made until spring
 Whether the science of war has progressed to the point where winter can be disregarded in measure is yet undetermined factor. In almost all the wars since history began the coming of frost has forced generals to establish permanent camps and wait for warmer weather before any extensive oper- ations started.
 Washington had one brilliant in the revo- ntonary by disregarding the extreme hardships of winter and attacking the Hessans Trenton. His remained active several weeks after Christ that year, but ultimately forced inac- tivty. The sufferings Valley Forge show the formidable enemy winter can be.
 In the Crimean fighting practically stopped with the battle of Inkerman. November D. 1854. The Russians retired into Sebastopo and the allies built q permanent camp of investment about il,
 In civil war. considerable fighting done in the winter months. but all the important campaigns began in the spring and suspended when cold weather came After Lee whipped Burn side at Fredericksburg December F. 1862 he bothered by large active federal force until May of the following year. when Hooker attempted to march Richmond. Grant rested and recruited his army in the winter of 1864 -65.
 Shermans march made in the winter months and in southern climate the suffering cold among his troops was intense. Grant pagned against Fort Henry and Fort Donelson in February, 1862. and the following winter was active in Mississippi.
 cessation of hoses, but it has diminished tion The Japanese advance Mukden in 1904 was halted about the first of September by the cold Neither prepared to withstand winter for g month the fighting forces lay in active almost within striking distance. A few agreements fought in october then operations practically halted until February 19 when the Japa- army SWathed in overcoats and with padded eggings, began to advance.
 The investment of cities has been less affected by cold weather than the operation of field armies. The is obvious Investing armies can build permanent earth huts, where small fire and the bodily warmth of a mass of will keep them nearly comfortable in their homes The Japanese assault 203 Meter Hill made No vember 30. Port Arthur capituated after series of assaults January ?. 1905
 The between the Balkan allies and Turkey. contrary to usual custom began in the fall Most all wars have been inaugurated in the spring or sum- The troops of Bulgaria, Servia, Greece and Montenegro started the with complete winter kits. heavy overcOats. thick blankets and shelter tents
 The fighting in northern Thrace during October trying period the Bulgarian invaders Their descent Turkey, almost rapid Germany's Paris. carried the troops into camps each night They rapidly became expert in erecting wind shelters and huts in which bodily warmth took the place of furnaces.
 The soldiers besieging Adrianople and also the field armies when they reached the Chataja lines found it necessary to shelter themselves in huts matched with reeds and straw. Rolls of thick blan- kets wrapped around the legs of on duty Caps pulled down over the ears
 None of the armies in field. except the P'seians and the Belgans have headdresses that will afford adequate protection for the winter. All proh ably will he able to withstand the cold fairly well until the first of the year when winter will begin to make inroads.-Kansas City Star