davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Butler weekly times. (Butler, Mo.) 1881-1918, 1914-01-01
NO IDLE DAYS IN WINTER
REGULAR EMPLOYMENT OF MEN
AND HORSES, SAVES MONEY.
BY o. r. johnson, Assistant Professor
Of Farm Management, Uni.
versty of Missouri.

Now that the busy work of the crop
season is over, farmers are facing the
problem of how to keep men and
horses employed during the winter
months The necessity of providing
winter work for men and horses will
be more apparent when few facts
which have been gathered during the
last few years are looked at. 1t has
been found by actual figures kept on
real farms that the farm horse works
on the average about three and one
half hours a day for the year and the
men work an average of about 10 or
II hours a. day. This calculation
takes into account every work day in
the Year.
Fairly regular work for men and
horses in the winter season gives a
farmer many advantages Regular
work for horses fulfills one purpose
in reducing the cost of horse labor OH
all farm operations. 1t costs so much
a day to keep horse. If the horse
works six hours the cost an hour will
be one-half as much as if three hours
work had been DONE Horse labor
now costs about 9 cents an hour.
Regarding man labor, regular work
gives four important results. First,
it reduces labor costs. A map receiy-
ing $25 a month and his board actual
ly receives about IA cents an hour for
his work. II he worked as many
hours in the winter as in the summer
has labor would cost the farmer only
about, II ~cents an hour, q saving of
nearly 25 per cent.
The second advantage is increased
profits through the utilization of by
products of the farm. Meats may be
cured, seeds. cleaned. graded and
treated; orchard and garden products
may be stored. Such woA2k done
avoids idle time and means fAney.
For example, special care givehN to
poultry, seeing that they get balanced
rations and are always kept comfort
able, will mean large production Of
eggs when eggs are highest. All
these things result in increased pro-
fits.
In tae third place, regular winter
work will give overhauled farm equip
ment. This overhauling win prevent
many interruptions when weeds and
corn are growing fast next season.
A fourth advantage II that By fu--
nishing regular employment = farmer
rsn - 4 haftar hand than he vould
The Butler weekly times. (Butler, Mo.) 1881-1918, 1914-01-01

upon the soil These factors have a
pronounced good effect upon the soil!
structure which can be noted in the
crops which follow.
The plant is also very drought re-.
sistant, and If once started makes a
fair growth regardless of weather
conditions. Another important con.
sideration in using this crop to build
up soil organic matter and nitrogen IS
the fact that it will do the work of
clover in one-fifth the time. Again,
in that it can very easily be worked
into the rotation either as a catch.
companion or single crops. it's popu-
larity should increase
i planted fer seed the rate Of
The Butler weekly times. (Butler, Mo.) 1881-1918, 1914-01-01

the peas may be turned under at any
time, providing it is done soon enough
to properly prepare the seeded for
the following crop.
1t is not uncommon to secure as
high as Is bushels of cowpea seed an
acre. and two tons or more of excel
lent hay. Experiments at the agri-
cultural experiment station at the
University of Missouri show that Is
hogs can be turned OH an acre of cow
peas planted with the corn at plant.
ing time and make a profit of from
$40 to $13 an acre from the forage at
a time when bluegrass is short. No
farmer should fail to give this soil.
-feffett+atiffg crop fair trial
The Butler weekly times. (Butler, Mo.) 1881-1918, 1914-01-01

hay is composed of species that do
not produce seed freely, and its merit
lies chiefly in the fact that it is rea
sonably free from foul seed. Ere.
quently the inquiry is made if tim,
othy. clover red top or ordinary hay
made from domestic grasses. IL
spoiled in curing, may be used for
strawberry mulcaing. 1t is not ad.
visable to use such hay, for the rea.
son that timothy seed, clover seed or
red top seed may be abundant and
are among the worst seeds that could
be got into a strawberry field. "
For small home gardens, the leaves
raked from under shade trees are
sometimes employed as mulch. They
are not the best mulch, for the rea.
son that most species of leaves lie
too flat on the ground and are likely
to smother the plants during the win
ter or In the spring. Such leaves may
be used freely between the rows OF
plants and there make an efficient
mulch. They should not be spread at
all thickly. however, directly over the
rows of plants themselves, on account
Of their tendency to smother.
Corn stalks are sometimes used as
a strawberry mulch when no better
material is available. They are rath.
er coarse and heavy, however. They
may be used lengthwise between the
rows. but if possible some smaller,
looser material ought to go over the
plants themselves.
Where straw or other good mulch
is not generally available, it is the
custom on the part of some growers
to grow mulch especially for this
purpose. Corn, sorghum or kaffir
corn. If sown so -thickly that the
plants will be very slender and not
too heavy, will make an excellent
mulch for Strawberries. Plants of
this character, sownv thickly broad.
cast, are almost entirely free from
weed seed, for they smother out 9TH
er species Of weeds by their dense
growth and are planted too thickly to
make seeds Of their own.
The mulch should cover the berries
Il possible to depth Of at least two
inches. It should lie lightly SO the
plants can air out beneath. It should
be remembered that respiration on.
tAe part Of ths plants goes on ,at least
slowly throughout de winter, and for
that reason they Ghoul4 not u COY.
I'D With Q mulch sy6Q0e oAar1cter:
entirely sxcaauds = f1u nsy.
The Butler weekly times. (Butler, Mo.) 1881-1918, 1914-01-01

quently. Nut fruits should be treated
with carbon bisulphidc to prevent
damage by weevils.
The vitality Of seeds depends large
ly upon the care given to their winter
storage. Fruits which remain on the
tree over winter may be placed in
paper bags and hung in a cool, dry
place. Those which fall, such as
acorns and nuts, should be strait.
lied" Stratifying is done as follows:
Put about two inches. of moist sand
in the bottom of box, then a layer
OF seeds not to exceed three inches in
depth, then another layer Of sand.
The boxes should then be buried in
the ground.
Another method is to dig a pit in
the ground, about IS inches deep, and
cover the bottom to depth of three
inches with coarse sand or gravel.
then put in layer of nuts, cover with
leaves or straw and heap a mound of
dirt on the top to shed water. 1t is
absolutely essential that the drainage
be good.
Seed should remain in storage I'm.
til time for planting in the spring.
The Butler weekly times. (Butler, Mo.) 1881-1918, 1914-01-01
cowpeas Good to Build Up Land.

The great vslne of cowpeas as a
feed and as a soil.renovating crop
should give them" a more important
place in Missouri agriculture. The
short period of growth also makes 1t
possible to use them to great advan-
age as catch crop between the reg
ular crops in the rotation, either for
lay. for pasture or for turning under.
they are. therefore, especially suited
to the man who wishes to build up
and rapidly while he is at the same
lime securing Gfeturn from 1t In feed.
The crop il one which will undoubt.
sdly beeeme Qt much kraster impm.
aence In Nfsecuri ~ the sIahd =
The Butler weekly times. (Butler, Mo.) 1881-1918, 1914-01-01

- q !. ~ - ~
p9lIf1l III. Nm - ndok uaf4 TIT
The Celina Democrat. (Celina, O. [Ohio]) 1895-1921, 1914-05-29
History of High Office Is Given In
New Book on House Of
Parliament.

London.-Amid all the signs Of de.
cline which many observers profess to
detect in parliament one position
stands free of reproach. With undi-
minished authority the speaker re-
spects the house and the house re-
spects the speaker. That is the very
essence of order in the institution
which has won the title of the Mother
Of Parliaments."
In new book, "The Speaker Of the
House." Michael Macdonagh describes
the origin and romantic history of
the speakership. This Office, which
holds so many pitfalls, Is treated as
one of great honor and dignity. A
salary of $4,000 ($25,OO0) a year.
palatial residence and retiring pen
sion of $4,000 ($20000) year, with
peerage, are the distinctions the nation
bestows on the first commoner in Eng
land. During the parliamentary ses-
sion the speaker gives two full dress
levees and seven full dress dinners.
OF the many ancient perquisites Of the
office only two, Mr.. Macdonagh tells us,
now survive. A buck and doe killed
in the royal preserves at Windsor are
annually sent to hin and the Cloth
workers company Of London presents
him at Christmas with a generous
width of the best broadcloth.
The Celina Democrat. (Celina, O. [Ohio]) 1895-1921, 1914-05-29

was a young man the Blackfeet were
camping on Elk river. 1t was in
summer. The longtime rain had com
menced In the morning, when he
went for the horses Ito bring them
into camp, he came to this river. He
saw there was bird, (thaD was sit
ting (near the edge of the water). He
walked toward 1t. When he was look
Ing at it, then he knew, (thaD the
bird did not belong to this country.
It's feathers we're all of different
colors, it's legs were colored the same.
1t had three claws. 1t would not open
Its eyes (literally; look). He then
caught 1t. Then he took it home.
When he entered, all the chiefs were
Invited. They all entered The bird
sat at the upper end of the lodge.
He told these chiefs: Now, here is a
bird, that you may look at it Ito
know, what it is. 1t was not known
(nobody could tell what kind of bird
1t was). After a long while Four
Bears pushed it. When it opened it's
eyes (literally, looked, then it flashed
The flap of the tepee lay
open. The bird flew towards the door.
When it opened it's eyes (literally,
looked again, then it flashed light.
ming again. When 1t few, then the
thunder roared. That way the thun.
der was seen"
The Celina Democrat. (Celina, O. [Ohio]) 1895-1921, 1914-05-29
NO LONGER
Thunder Bird" Of BlaCkteei
Indians Not a Myth.
Finding Of Frozen Body Of Bird Putf
to Rout Expressed skeptlelem OF
White Men Of Glacier
Park Reservation.

Glacier Park Station, Mont.-The
weird legend of the Thunder Bird
long regarded as gospel by the Black
feet Indians OF Glacier Park reserva-
ton, and much smiled at by the skep-
tical white man, now seems TO be
given concrete foundation by the
recent discovery Of specimen Of the
Willow Ptarmigan at the topmost
edge OF the timber line on the noun
tains of Glacier National park.
The bird was found frozen TO death
and the Indians now are lamenting
lest It was stricken by the Great Spir-
Il as an i'll omen 10 the entire Black
feet tribe. The dead object OF awe
TO the red man was brought to Glacier
station by Chief Three Bears, who
made the trip over the mountains on
snow shoes in order 70 intercept
Louis w. Hin, president of the Great
Northern railway, and have him take
Il to a taxidermist to be preserved.
Mr.. Hill delivered the Sacred bird"
to a renowned Rocky mountain taxi
dermist. The orE!thologist rather
took the railway magnate's breath
away when, upon examining the dead
bird he exclaimed: why, Mr.. Hill,
yod have got a rare specimen here!
II is the Willow Ptarmigan, which is
Of great scientific interest among
ornithologists. Chapmans Color Key
shows the Willow Ptarmigan has
been reported only twice in the United
States, once from Maine and once
from Massachusetts,"
The bird is being set up as true to
life as the taxidermist's skill can make
It and it will be placed in the crotch
of the poles of the one-hundred-year-
old buffalo skin tepee which has been
pitched, on exhibition, in the forest
lobby of the big log hotel at the east
ern gateway to Uncle Sans newest
national park.
Here is the translated story of the.
Thunder Bird" which Old Three
Bears faithfully repeats to this day
Long ago there was an old man
who was called Four-Bears. When he
The Celina Democrat. (Celina, O. [Ohio]) 1895-1921, 1914-05-29
OUR FALLEN HEROES.

| The angel OF the nations peace
Has wreathed with flowers the bat.
tie drum;
We see the fruiting fields increase
Where sound of war no more shall
come,
The swallow skins the Tennessee,
Soft winds play DER the Rapidan;
There only echo notes Of glee,
Where cleaned a mighty armys
van!
Fair Chattanoogas wooded slope,
With summer airs is lightly stirred,
And many heart is warm with hope
Where once the deepmouthed gun
was heard.
The blue Potomac stainless rolls,
And Mission Ridge is gemmed with
fern;
On many height sleep gallant souls
And still the blooming years return.
Thank God! unseen to outward eye,
But felt in every freeman's breast,
From graves where fallen comrades
lie
Ascends at Natures wise behest,
With springing grass and blossoms
new,
A prayer to bless the nations life,
To freedoms flower give brighter hue.
And hide the awful stains of strife,
o. boys in blue, we turn to you,
The SCARED and mangIed who sur
vive;
No more we meet in grand review
But all the arts of freedom thrive.
Still glows the jewel on fits shrine,
Won where the James now tranquil
rolls;
A wreath for all, the glory thine,
And memory of heroic souls.
George Bancroft Griffith.
The Celina Democrat. (Celina, O. [Ohio]) 1895-1921, 1914-05-29

by service as military instructor al
the Rhode Island Agricultural college,
where he was in 1885,
He was out of the Cuban campaign
on other duty, but in 1899 he went
with his regiment to the Philippines
and had four strenuous years there.
The earlier part of the time he par
ticipated in the fighting on Luzon and
later in the southern islands.
In 1903 he came home and was made
assistant commandant of the school
of the line at Leavenworth. In 1904
he was assigned to the general staff
and detailed as assistant director of
the war college.
Since then, save for brief periods of
absence as chief Of staff of the army
of the second occupation of Cuba and
a few months as commander of the de-
partment of the Gulf his chief work
has been as president of the war col,
lege.
The Celina Democrat. (Celina, O. [Ohio]) 1895-1921, 1914-05-29

example, 10 out into tnu 49,. .A.siA,,
and buy all the undershlrts we needed
for the biggest army we could put
into the field, but we couldn't buy all
the uniforms and guns and ammuni-
tion and wagons and trucks and other
essentials.
Delays IN securing these supplies
have cost this nation tremendously IN
It's previous wars. We ought 20 profit
by the lessons OF history. But II Is
only fair TO say that we are much
better of IN the way OF reserve sup
plies now than We ever we're before"
Though regarded as perhaps the
ablest military educator In the coun'
try, General Wotherspoon himself is
not a West Point man. His military
education has been acquired largely in
the practical school OF the army.
Born In the service, the son OF an
army surgeon, General Wotherspoon's
place OF nativity is the national CAPT.
tai. He was educated in private
schools and then, in 1871. he was ap'
pointed a masters mate in the navy.
where he remained two years. Most
OF his naval service was on the old
Plymouth and It included a Mediter.
ranean cruise.
Returning to Washington In 1873,
General Wotherspoon, after examina-
tion, was appointed by President
Grant second lieutenant in the Twelfth
infantry. He joined his regiment in
California and began a career of
quarter OF a century's service on the
frontier and IN the Indian country.
With his regiment he was in the
Nez Perces and Bannock campaigns of
the late '70's, and then for ten years
he served against the Apaches in the
warfare in the Southwest
A short period OF service at Sack
atts Harbor, n. Y, was followed by
.hree years in charge OF Geronimo and |
other Apache prisoners in Alabama
Then came a short tour Of duty as |
nd to Gen. O. o. Howard, commanding |
he department of the East, followed |
The Celina Democrat. (Celina, O. [Ohio]) 1895-1921, 1914-05-29

needed few realize until they stop to
consider how few men there are in the
country of military training and how
many will be needed in event OF war
IL needless sacrifice of life be pre-
vented
To establish reserve of the sort
General Wotherspoon has in mind it
would be necessary to have as base
a mobile army-infantry, cavalry and
field artillery-of at least 10000 men
Enlistments should be from two to
not over three years, passing the man
on the termination of his enlistment TO
the reserve list for five or six years
With such system there would be
graduated into the reserves each year
$4,000 men. In three years there
would be $780, rescTvists and 150,-
900 actives; in two years more,
roughly, 250,O0O reservists and 100000
actives, or total of 450,OOO-all Gen
eral Wotherspoon can conceive would
ever be needed in the first clash of
war.
"The coast artillery presents a sepa-
rate problem" General Wotherspoon
said the other day in talking on this
subject "As at present constituted
the force is one-third short of what
is necessary to man merely the guns
we have, and these guns by no means
cover the strategic points that should
be protected.
In addition to the increased num-
ber of troops l have mentioned,
great need is depots Of reserve sup
plies. There are many things needed |
in war that can't be procured in a
hurry.
I'm event Of hostilities we could, for !
The Celina Democrat. (Celina, O. [Ohio]) 1895-1921, 1914-05-29
MAY WAR ON DOMESTIC CATS
determination Is Asked by IA Game
Protective Association in State
of Washington.

Tacoma, Wash.-The domestic cat
is doomed if the recommendation
adopted by the Pierce county branch
of the Washington State Game Pro
tective and Propagation association, at
its annual meeting at the Tacoma ho-
tel, is adopted by the Pierce county
game commission
War on Tabby was declared because
he has turned out to be an enemy of
game and destroyer of wild life
The association requests the COM
mission to offer a small bounty for
each domestic cat killed to further
their determination.
The Celina Democrat. (Celina, O. [Ohio]) 1895-1921, 1914-05-29

Mr.. Olekesiuch learned one person
ality is that of staid musical director
and instructor, fifty-ive years old, with
wife and several children living in
a comfortable home on East One Hum
dred and Fifth street The other, he
found, is that of the "down-and-outer."
Five times within two years the man
his disappeared from his home. Mr..
Olekesiuch learned, and on each oc-
casion after weeks of search his rela-
tives found him living in cheap lodg-
ing houses. On these occasions be
was unable to remember the sgopts- Of
The Celina Democrat. (Celina, O. [Ohio]) 1895-1921, 1914-05-29
COMP PANY "K"

Whose footsteps unbroken
Came up to the town,
Where rampant and bastion
Looked threat'ningly down?
Who, closing up the breaches,
Still kept on their way,
Till guns, downw ward pointed
Faced "Co. K"
Who faltered or shivered?
Who Stunned battles stroke?
Whose fire was uncertain?
Whose battle line broke?
Go ask 1t of history
Years from today
And the record will tell you
Not "Co. K"
Though my darling is sleeping
Today with the dead,
And daisies and clover
Bloom over his head,
l smile through my tears,
AS | lay it away,
The battle-worn cap
Marked GO. K" Unidentified
The Celina Democrat. (Celina, O. [Ohio]) 1895-1921, 1914-05-29
HAS A DUAL PERSONALITY
Man Found In Salvation Army Hotel
Leaves Home for no APP
parent Reason.

Cleveland, GA man who possesses
two distinct personalities. sought by
his relatives since his disappearance
from home several weeks ago, was
found in the Citadel hotel Of the Sal
vation Army and was placed under
the observation OF Probation Oficer
John olekesiuch Of municipal court.
The Celina Democrat. (Celina, O. [Ohio]) 1895-1921, 1914-05-29
Dignity Of British Speaker

perts have figured that the population
Of con.inental United States July l,
1914, win 9S,7S1,324, against 91,972 ,266
on April IS. 1910, when the last census
was taken. For the United States and
its possessions they estimate the popu.
lation next July will be 109, ,O2l 1902,
compared with 101, ,74S,2Gs in 1910.
The Celina Democrat. (Celina, O. [Ohio]) 1895-1921, 1914-05-29
HEAVY LOSS IN HOTEL FIRES
Fioures Show Much Need for the In
stitution Of the "Safety First
Idea in Such Places.

Safety Engineering calls attention
tn the fact that in the first 92 days
of this year there were 162 hotel fires
in the United states and Canada.
On the average a hotel went partially
or completely up in smoke every l312
hours during the period of three
months. The property loss totaleo
The Celina Democrat. (Celina, O. [Ohio]) 1895-1921, 1914-05-29

experiment shows that the fatigue felt
by mountain climbers is not caused
wholly by the eXertion Of climbing, al
though that is important. The case Of
the squirrel, whicn was carried with
out any exertion of its own to the sum
NIT of a lofty mountain, shows that
the lessened atmospheric pressure and
the smaller supply Of oxygen are
enough in themselves to diminish
muscular energy. Observations ON
men, horses and mules in the Cordil-
leras Of the Andes support this CON
elusion.
The Celina Democrat. (Celina, O. [Ohio]) 1895-1921, 1914-05-29
ELEPHANTS HOME FOUND
Complete Skeleton Of Prehistoric AMI.
NAL Found Near Los
Angeles.

Los Angeles-The practically COM
plete skeleton Of prehistoric ele-
phant, which, 1t is believed, roamed
the earth thousands of years ago. was
found in the La Brea fossil fields, near
here.
"The animal in life measured more
than sixteen feet in length" said
Frank s. Daggett, director of the
Southwest Museum. 1T stood fourteen
feet high and its tusks are sixteen
feet long"
The Celina Democrat. (Celina, O. [Ohio]) 1895-1921, 1914-05-29
Easily Explained.

Little Sylvia was playing store"
with flowers for commodities. Mari
golds, for example, played the part OF
butter. Il don't like the look Of your
butter" complained her aunt1e, in the
guise OF customer; sits SO very vel.
low" That's because put so many
eggs in it." was the quick reply.
The Celina Democrat. (Celina, O. [Ohio]) 1895-1921, 1914-05-29

about $4.5OO,OOO, or about $4,000 a
day.
Turning to the human side, the fig
ures show that fifty-four persons were
killed in these fires, not including all
who may have died later as a result
of injuries. On the average a human
being was killed or injured every
twenty hours. On every one of these
90 days from 80 to 100 persons were
routed out in panic, and large pro
portion of them had narrow escapes
from death.
The lessons, of course, are obvious,
The Celina Democrat. (Celina, O. [Ohio]) 1895-1921, 1914-05-29

and SO often repeated that It seems
hopeless to keep hammering at them.
Briefly they are: First, better CON
struction; second, better fire preven-
tion methods; third, better systems
OF extinguishing fires and of alarm
ing guests. The safety first" cru
sade might with advantage be ex-
tended to the hotels.
The Celina Democrat. (Celina, O. [Ohio]) 1895-1921, 1914-05-29

There's a cap in the closet,
Old, tattered and gray,
OF very slight value
Intrinsic, they say;
But a crown, jewel-studded,
Could not buy it today,
With its letters of honor,
Brave GO. K"
The head that it sheltered
Needs shelter no more;
Dead heroes make holy
The trinkets they wore.
So, like chaplets Of honor,
Of laurel and bay,
Seems the cap of the soldier
Marked GO. K"
Bright eyes have looked calmly,
It's visor beneath,
Ger the work of the Reaper,
Grim harvester, Death!
Let the muster roll meager
So mournfully say
How, foremost in danger
Went Go. K"
The Celina Democrat. (Celina, O. [Ohio]) 1895-1921, 1914-05-29
100000 LIVE IN U. S.
Population, Including That of Posses
sions $1oe,ooo,o ,ooo-census Report
Shows Big Population Increase.

Washington. - Continental United
States has a population Of more than
98,O00,000 people, while the country
within it's possessions is peopled with
more than 1O9, 900. 900 persons. the cen
sus bureau announced. Census ex-