Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1914-10-31
COURSE OF THE
EUROPEAN WAR
Battles on Land and Sea Consid-
cred in Relation to Their Effect
on General Situation

ON So0eTBl S1tuauOn
Tnnsy's ptunge into the war Of the
nations on Thurpday, unheraided By Of
fcisi declaration, vss taken By bonn
bsrdment OF Rrssfan towns on the Black
Sea. the sinking Of q Russian gunboat
and two vessels In Odessa barbor and the
sheIiinR Of the city OF Odessa It is ex-
pected that Greece and Runlanta will be-
come involved. and the Allies regard II
now impossible for italy longer TO main
tain its neutrality. 1t is believed that
Turkey will lend considerable aid to the
Kaisers cause.
Spectacular raids st sea by the German
cruiser Emden this week shared the
spotlight with the war operations In
France, Belgium and Russia. The des-
perate stroke of the German forces in An
effort to pierce the Allies line on the
river User between Nleuport and DiI-
nude, their repulse by the fierce counter
attacks Of tho AIlies; the German rout
in Poland and the Austrian reverses
along the river San were important nntli-
tary events
The cruiser Ernden. eluding the purBu-
ing fleets of nations, added the S5th vio-
tim to It's list Of prizes on Thursday
when by q bold russo she entered the haF-
Dor of Penang, on tho Malay Peninsula
and sank a Russian cruiser and a French
torpedoboat destroyer. Great Britain and
France have sent 10 warships to soour
the waters Of the Indian Ocean for the
Emden, but the daring ship thus far has
evaded them. On Wednesday the Emden
sank q big japanese liner.
In land warfare II appears that the
Germans have had DISASTROUS week
Their losses have been terrific. True,
the gains OF the Allies have been costly,
but the German dash TO the North Sea
coast and tho English Channel have been
FTwl.H -
failure Of the Kniser's strategy in France
Seizure Of Paris was his first aim. Bat
ueships have aided materially In driving
the Germans from coast positions. Dun
kirk and Calais appear safe for the
present
It was reported that the Duke had re-
ceived orders from the Kaiser to back
his way through to Calais at all COSTS
and II was plain the Duke meant to
carry out tho plan Aided by heavy
artillery, his forces made desperate as
saults ON the limo OF Belgian. British and
French troops between Newport and
Dixmude on mo River User In an ef-
fort to sweep down tho coast OF the
North Sea, but were thrown back each
time. Nieuport and Dixmude were vir-
tually destroyed by shell Are and desper-
ate street fighting. In the battles the
German losses were put at 1900 while
the Belgian army alone lost 10000.
The Germans continued efforts to re-
duce the fortress of verlun in eastern
France, and in the Woevre region the
French drove the invaders back into Lor-
raine. The Allies also reported some
gains in tho centre in the Craonne dis
trict.
Tho sweep of tho Austro-German in
vading armies back toward their bases
has been tho significant development in
Poland Advantage gained in a fort
nights advance from slesia and Galicia,
which brought the invaders within a few
miles OF Warsaw and Ivangorod, the
detectives OF attack at the upper and
lower ends of the battle front, was lost in
q four days battle, during which the
CEar's forces pushed the enemy steadily
from tho VistulR
While the German frontal attacks We're
being ropulsed. tho Russians checked a
thanking movement OF a fresh German