davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Catholic bulletin., 1914-05-02
DATE OF THE DISCOVERY OF
ALCOHOL.

The word alcohol originally bore no
relationship to "aqua ardens" or
burning water" and to this confu-
sion of terms is responsible all the
uncertainty attendant on the date of
the introduction of spirit of wine"
into history. The ancients knew OF
this inferentially and sought to ex-
tract it, but there has as yet been no
evidence to show that these attempts
met with success. We have, however,
assurance that some of the ancient
wines could ignite. Such wines must
have been the native and unfortifed-
hence the mystery that some of them
could respond to the fame test. We
have heretofore been taught that
wine was first distilled somewhere
about the tenth century by Arabians,
but now know that the latter must
have obtained the process from Ital-
ians and that no one knows how long
the custom of distillation has been
secretly pursued by the latter. In
recent number of the Berliner kiln
ische Wochenschrift, Paul Richter
shows that knowledge of "aqua ar
dens" may be traced as far back as
the second century, to one Hip
polytus, Christian Father, who DOS
sessed a recipe for the preparation of
burning water" entirely analogous
to those handed about during the Mid.
die Ages.
The Catholic bulletin., 1914-05-02

prived Of the fruits of forty years
of constitutional agitation, involv-
ing almost unparalleled sacrifice
and suffering.
Those who lived on the spot in
Belfast, at the heart Of the Car
sonite movement, knew it was a
fraud, a humbug, a forced and sub
sidized movement, organized at
enormous cost to bluff the British
people. When it was known that
the writ Of King George, and not
of King Carson, was to prevail in
Ulster there would be an end to
the farce, and men who today
were compelled to countenance
Carsonism would be the strongest
supporters of self governed Ire
land. It had been no light task
to win the manhood of Ireland
from physical force methods to
those Of Constitutional agitation.
But, said Mr.. Devlin, the Irish
people were never better prepared
to face any contingency which
might arise out of the political
development of today. If the
necessity arose, a quarter of mil
lion Of volunteers IN the
prime of youth and manhood, to
whom Irish nationality was dearer
than life-would respond tomor-
row to the call Of Ireland to de-
fend those liberties that the Home
Rule Bill proposed to guarantee to
her.
The Catholic bulletin., 1914-05-02
OUR LADY'S CHAPEL.

The Catholic women of the
Archdiocese are meeting with
much success in their self-imposed
task of collecting sufficient funds
to furnish and adorn in a becom-
ing manner the Chapel of Our
Lady in the new Cathedral Of St.
Paul.
The month of May, which is
dedicated to the Blessed Virgin,
the patroness of this chapel,
ought to be banner month in
showing a very substantial in
crease in the contributions made
for this purpose. It is Mary s
month and her devoted clients
will not forget that it is their duty
to honor her in a special manner.
The frequent prayers which they
pour forth before her throne
should be supplemented by good
works, and at present the tfgood
work" par excellence which the
Catholic women are trying to do
should appeal to all.
A contribution in keeping with
ones means is very tangible evi-
dence of what one is willing to do
to promote the honor of her whose
divine Son has promised to re-
ward even cup of cold water
given to a disciple. How much
more will He reward those whose
self-sacrifice helps to complete
The Catholic bulletin., 1914-05-02

Among the first to offer their
services as war nurses were the
franciscan Sisters of the Per-
petual Alteration whose Mother
house is at La Crosse, Wis. For
this duty three hundred Sisters
are available, if necessary, and all
are eager to go to the front. 1t
looks now as if their services
might not be required for some
time, at least. Not only the Fran
ciscans but every Catholic Sister
hood in the country would gladly
send it's most experienced nurses
to the front to tend the wounded
and solace the last hours Of the
dying, should there be a call for
volunteers to do this work. They
have done it in the past and are
ready now to respond to the call
of duty.
The Catholic bulletin., 1914-05-02
THE MEXICAN SITUATION.

It may not be uninteresting to
our readers to know in what light
our ENHANCEMENT with Mexico is
viewed by a recognized authority
on international diplomacy.
Speaking on the problem of
"The international Law Of the
Mexican Situation" Professor
Henry J. Fletcher, international
law expert at the University of
Minnesota, declared that the
United States is involved in one
Of the greatest tangles ever known
to history.
"The government of the United
States" he said, "has most care
fully sought to draw a distinction
between Huerta and the Republic
of Mexico, persisting in treating
him as a lawless individual who
has climbed to power. If that
position is correct the United
States is now invading territory
of sovereign state with which it
has no quarrel, seizing and bonn
harding one of it's cities without
notice or declaration Of war, and
shooting it's citizens to redress
wrongs committed by private in
dividuals.
"Such acts may be designated
by the United States as peaceful,
but in the eyes. of international
law they are hostile acts, which,
as they violate the sovereignty of
Mexico, would not properly be
resisted as warlike acts unless
Mexico regards herself as power
less to resist. The United States
seems, therefore, to be in the
anomalous position of making
war on Mexico in order to punish
private individuals and the ques-
tion naturally arises, can the ad-
ministration make seizure of Vera
Cruz anything but an act Of war
against Mexico by merely declar-
ing it's intent to separate Huerta
from the nation Or from the de
facto government, of which he is
the head? | think not.
"Call it intervention in the in
terests of the United States of the
foreign nation whose interests we
have undertaken to protect, or of
the Mexican people themselves,
and of civilization on this contin-
ent, and international law is salts
fed. But call it an act Of punish
ment of General Huerta, an in
dividual, for studied insult to the
dignity Of the United States and
you have a situation unknown to
international law, and for which
it's rules afford no solution"
Professor Fletcher emphasized
the fact that, according to inter
national law, the United States
government not only refuses to
recognize the government now at
the head Of Mexican affairs, but
also takes the position that there
is no legal war in Mexico, but
only condition of disorder. Or
binary rules of neutrality there
fore cannot apply.
The Catholic bulletin., 1914-05-02

The Welsh Disestablishment
Bill, intended to relieve the relig-
ious situation in Wales, has kept
pace with the Irish Home Rule
Bill in it's passage through the
British Parliament. It passed it's
second reading for the third time
in the House Of Commons on April
21 by a vote of $40 to 245. Under
the provisions of the Parliament
Act it will become law of the
land after it's third reading in the
House of Commons no matter
what action the House of Lords
may take on it.
The Catholic bulletin., 1914-05-02

What has become of the dove
of peace about which we have
heard so much lately? Has she re-
tired to the stately palace on the
Hague? That monument to man
begotten idea of peace among ma
tions will never enshrine the
Prince of Peace until the peace
pact is vitalized by the recogni-
ton of the Vicar Of Christ whose
spiritual children are found in
every nation under heaven. Re-
hgion alone, as personifed in him,
can form the only secure founda-
ton for a lasting world-peace.
The Catholic bulletin., 1914-05-02
HEADS FOURTH DECREE
MR.. REDDIN OF DENVER RE-
ELECTED SUPREME MASTER OF
THE FOURTH DEGREE, K. OF c.

John III. Reddin, of Denver, Colo,
was reelected Supreme Master of the
Fourth Degree of the Knights of Co
lumbus at a meeting Of the board In
Washington D. c., recently. Mr..
Reddin for four years will be head of
the Fourth degree K. of G. in the
United States. He has done great
work for the order and is the father
of the national laymen's lecture move
ment. .
The Catholic bulletin., 1914-05-02
MAY DEVOTIONS.


only month of the ecclesiastical
year, set apart in honor Of the
Virgin Mother of God. Under the
title of Queen Of the Most Holy
Rosary, she is honored during the
month of October also.
There is something very appro-
pirate in the idea Of dedicating
the opening month of the spring
time, when the earth teens with
awakening life, to her whose
singular privilege it was to bring
forth the divine Infant Whose
coming not only awakened but
satisfied the aspirations of poor
humanity for a new and fuller
life of grace. Upon the character
Of the month of May, it's warmth,
it's moisture, depends in large
measure the yield which the earth
will bring forth during the sum-
mer months to reward the hus-
bandman s toll So, likewise, upon
the help and grace obtained
through Mary's intercession de-
pends the richness of the spiritual
harvest to be garnered by the in
dividual soul.
The Church deems it a privilege
to honor her "whom the King
hath mind to honor" not only
during the month of May, but
every day in the year. And while
she wishes her children to be al
ways mindful of the great bless
ings and favors to be obtained
through Mary's intercession, she
would have them hold the Blessed
Virgin in special remembrance
during the month of May. AS q
manifestation of her affectionate
regard for this august queen she
garlands the Virgin s statues with
flowers, adorns her affairs with
myriad lights and pours forth the
incense of her prayers before
countless shrines dedicated to the
Queen of May She casts wide
open the portals of her sanctuaries
and bids the faithful kneel in
reverential love and petition be-
fore the throne of the august
Mother of God in the assured con-
fidence that she will present their
prayers as sweet offering to her
Divine Son, and, in response
thereto, will bring down from
heaven more copious blessings
than would otherwise be appor-
toned to them.
In most churches, during the
month of May, special services
and devotions are held in honor
Of the Blessed Virgin and the
faithful are invited to unite in
offering these tributes to the I'm
maculate Queen. As a special in
ducement the Church grants a
partial indulgence of three hun
dred days Tor assisting at any
public function in honor of the
Blessed Virgin or performing de-
votions in private, and a plenary
indulgence on any day Of the
month or on any of the first eight
days of June on the usual condi-
tiOns.
According to the Catholic Ency-
clopedia, May devotion in it's
present form originated at Rome
where Father Latomia of the Ro-
man College of the Society of Je-
sus, made a vow, at the end Of the
eighteenth century, to devote the
month Of May to the Blessed Vir-
gin s honor, in order to counteract
the infdelity and immortality prev
alent among the students. From
Rome the practice spread to the
other Jesuit colleges and thence
to nearly every Catholic Church
of the Latin rite. This practice is
the oldest instance of a devotion
extending over an entire month.
The Catholic bulletin., 1914-05-02

We have not heard Of any spe-
cial efforts being made by the So
called Guardians of Liberty and
other patriotic" organizations
to tender their services to the
nation in the present crisis. Some
one has very aptly said that they
are "invincible in peace and in
visible in war; and we have yet
to learn that there is not more
than a grain of truth in the state
ment.
The Catholic bulletin., 1914-05-02

On April %, His Holiness Pope
Plus X. received four hundred
delegates to the International An
ti-Alcoholic Congress. He praised
the work'in which they were en-
gagged and urged an extensive
campaign against "the scourge
which is causing physical, moral
and economic evils"
The Catholic bulletin., 1914-05-02

The first patriot to shed his
blood in the attack on Vera Cruz
last week was a Catholic marine
named Haggerty. We are not sur
prised. Catholics have always
been in the front rank of the ma
tons defenders and they have
played a prominent part in every
war in which America has been
engaged. Should the war with
Mexico go on, they will not be
found hiding behind the A. P. A. s
who have questioned their loyalty
and patriotism.
The Catholic bulletin., 1914-05-02

A bill providing for the estab-
lishment Of a eugenic marriage
law in Massachusetts was killed
in the legislature Of that state on
April % by vote of 108 to 104.
The bill was based on the Wiscon-
sin law.
The Catholic bulletin., 1914-05-02
SATURDAY, MAY 2, 1914.

The Right Reverend Bishop
Lawler who was received in pri-
vate audience by the Holy Father
in the early part of March, sailed
from Queenstown on April 80, on
his return to America.
The Catholic bulletin., 1914-05-02
WAR OR PEACE?

The events of the past two
weeks force one to the conclusion
that the United States has been
at war with Mexico, although the
diplomats knew it not or, at any
rate, would not acknowledge it
to be fact. It is true, no official
declaration of war was made on
either side. Nevertheless, the re-
fusal of President Huerta of
Mexico to salute the Stars and
Stripes as an act Of reparation for
an affront offered to the dignity
Of the United States on Mexican
soil, was deemed sufficient justi-
fication for sending American
battleships to Mexican waters
with instructions to take and hold
Vera Cruz as warning to Huerta
that we meant business. The cap
ture of that city was not made
without loss of life, for the Mex
lean troops opposed the landing
Of the American marines. If the
taking Of Vera Cruz by the United
States was not equivalent to a
declaration Of war, what was it
That it was regarded as such
by Huerta is evident from the fact
that he gave Charge d'Affaires
O'Shaughnessy his passports and
recalled the Mexican Ambassador
to this country. That it was
accepted as such by the other
Republics of the New World is
clearly shown by the efforts they
made to bring about peaceful
solution of the difficulty. These
efforts have resulted in the accept
ance by the United States and
Mexico of an offer of mediation
made by the official representa-
tives of the South American Re-
publics Of Argentine, Brazil, and
Chile. At present it is impossible
so say what the outcome of these
overtures for peace will be.
The situation is complicated by
the hesitation of Carranza, the
Constitutionalist leader, to signify
his willingness to accept the friend
ly Offices of his southern neighbors.
Carranza, assisted by Villa, has
been at war with Huerta for many
months and has a considerable
following of Mexicans. After the
capture of Vera Cruz, he gave the
United States to understand that
the landing of American troops in
Mexico was resented by him and
warned it against invading any
of the territory controlled by him
and his rebel followers. Late re-
ports are to the effect that he has
accepted the proffer Of medita-
ton.
This is the situation in a nut
shell. The acceptance of media
tion by the three principals has
brought about a cessation Of hos
tilities for the time being and it
is devoutly hoped that some salts
factory way out of the trouble
will be found in order that both
countries may be spared the hor-
rors Of a protracted war. The
United States has been busy enter
ing into peace pacts with other
nations and it would be sad COM
mentary on our boasted national
righteousness if the President and
his advisers cannot find a peace
full solution for the difficulties
which have arisen between this
nation and it's sister Republic,
south Of the Rio Grande. The
United States has constituted it.
self the guardian Of law and order
among the smaller Republics of
the western world, and it would
bring lasting discredit on its pre-
tentions if it were unable to ad-
just in an amicable manner the
differences which it now has with
Huerta and his followers.
The Catholic bulletin., 1914-05-02

A dispatch from London, dated
April 81, says: Confirmation
has been received that the au-
thorities are preparing to move
troops into Ulster, and it is ru-
mored that martial law will be
proclaimed there This would
The Catholic bulletin., 1914-05-02

Entered as second-class matter, jan
uary IL, 1911, at the post ONCE, st.
Paul. Mimi, under Act OF March 3, 1879
The Catholic bulletin., 1914-05-02

Remittance may be made by Draft
Post Office or Express Money Order or
Registered Letter, addressed to
THE CATHOLIC BULLETIN,
31S Newton Bldg, st. Paul, Minnesota.
The Catholic bulletin., 1914-05-02

REV. JAMES M. REARDON, Editor.
The Catholic bulletin., 1914-05-02

The mailing label on your paper is a
receipt for your subscription, and a re.
minder of the date of its expiration.
To insure change of address, the sub
scriber must give the old, as we'll as the
new, address.
The Catholic bulletin., 1914-05-02
AdVertlsln& Rates On AppllcatlOn.

Advertising Rates on Application.
All advertisements are under editor.
ial supervision. None bat reliable firms
and reputable lines of business are ad.
vertised and recommended to our read.
ers. A mention of
THE CATHOLIC BULLETIN,
when writing to advertisers, will be
mutually beneficial.
The Bemidji daily pioneer., 1914-03-20
TO SHOW HERE MONDAY
Mutt and Jeff in, Panama." to b
Next Attraction.

When Manager HILL first con-
ceived the idea of transferring ''Mutt
and jeff to stage, it was predicted
that he would only have failure for
his pains. How futile his critics
were regarding the innovation is il
Illustrated by the fact that MUTT and
Jeff" in stage form has been the
most successful attraction the thea
tre has known in almost decade.
The latest vehicle of these cartoon
favorites is called "Mutt and jeff in
Panama" 1t is three act comedy
with musical trimmings and was
written by Owen Davis. an author
who has many dramatic hits to his
credit. The offering is underlined
for next Monday evening at the
Athletic club theatre. A worthy
and commendable production is pro-
missed along with satisfactory COM
plement of scenery, effects, surprises,
novelties, ETC., and capable cast OF
people.
II H. +
The Bemidji daily pioneer., 1914-03-20
.BRAINERD PLAYS TONIGHT
High School Athletes to Meet Worthy
Opponent Of Grow Wing County
Quint-Akeley Five Easy
BEM1DJ1 BOYS W1N-sCoRE 54.8

One of the chief contests of the
high school basketball schedule will
be played this evening in the Athletic
club hall when Brainerd will be en-
cOuntered. Brainerd comes to Benz
idji recognized as one of the leading
basketball teams of the state and the
locals will be forced to extend them
selves to win. -,
Last evening the high school boys
had little trouble in winning from
the Akeley five, the final score being
50 to 8. 'r2 s.rt
Not once during the entire game
were the Bemidji boys outplayed by
the visitors who were plainly at a
loss on the large playing floor. Re-
peatedly the locals would take the
ball the entire length of the floor,
and their teamwork was good. Klein
at forward played a strong game,
eight times connecting with the net
While in the game Elletson and Cam
eron more than made good, the latter
getting the jump continually on his
opponent. Graham and Riley at guards
had their forwards completely at
their mercy and only once during the
entire contest was a field basket
thrown by Akeley, six of their points
being thrown from fouls. Gainey
and Slater played the last half and
each took a part in the scoring.
The Bemidji daily pioneer., 1914-03-20
SUGGESTS CLEARING PLAN
Superintendent Mcclure Says Land
With Heavy Standing Timber
Should Be First Used for Pasture
SHOULD SOW IN EARLY SPRING

Land with heavy standing timber
is the most expensive and difficult
to clear says A. J. MCGUIRE, superin-
tendent. Grand Rapids substation. 1t
is seldom practicable to attempt to
remove the stumps at the time the
timber is cut, as the removal of a
green stump requires nearly twice
the power that will be required to
remove the same stump after it has
stood for a few years. When the
timber Is green, the ground is fall of
small roots close to the surface which
make good plowing impossible.
The best way to handle such land
is to cut everything when the mar
ketable timber is cut, burn the brush
and small timber, and then seed down
and pasture the land for few years.
If the second growth is kept down by
pasturing, the stumps decay faster
and when they are removed, the land
is in good condition for cultivation.
The brush and small trees should
be cut In the winter or spring after
the timber is removed. This should
be done early in order to. get the
grass seeded early. If the land is
allowed to lie over a season, the sec
ond growth comes UP every fast but,
if the brush, small trees and down
material are removed and burned
early, the second growth is held in
check. If the land is disked and
seeded down to clover and timothy,
the second growth DIS practically over
come. On high land, SOW medium
red clover and timothy. 'On low
land, SOW alsike, timothy, and red
top. The best time ito SOW is just as
the snow leaves the ground and as
the frost starts to go.
The Bemidji daily pioneer., 1914-03-20
"THE FREE man HERE
Sewing Machine Expert Gives Demon.
stration to Domestic Science Glass
At High School
TO SHOW AT GIVEN STORE SAT.

Bert Curtis a representative, of
The Free Sewing machine people, who
can make a sewing machine do any
thing and everything but talk, gave a
demonstration to the domestic sci
ence class at the high school this
morning.
z. He sure is some "lady'' when it
come to operating a sewing machine.
With nimble fingers, pretty little
feet and quick snappy eyes he per-
forms wonders with his Free machine
1t sings sweet soft music to the ear,
when under his control and makes
open net work, lace work, brading
and in fact anything that can be done
by hand in less time than it takes to
tell it.
The same demonstration will be
given at the Given Hardware store
all day tomorrow and at three O'Clock
this store will give to someone pre-
sent one of these new number 5 The
Free sewing machines. This ma
chine is new device on the market
having been patened last November
by Will Free of Rockford Ill.,, and
with the use of the new patented
attachments it offers to the public a
saving device, believed impossible a
year ago.
The Bemidji daily pioneer., 1914-03-20
ASQU|TH REJECTS OFFER
Ulster Leader Would Submit Home
Rule to Vote-Declares Irish Cues I
tion Must be Settled by Electorate J
WOULD MEAN A CIVIL WAR

London, March 2O.-A vote OF cen.
sure on the British government was
moved in the house of commons by
ANDREW Bonar Law, leader of the op.
position.
It was based on Premier Asquith's s
refusal on Monday to give details of
the scheme of local option by which
the nine counties of Ulster would be
permitted to vote separately on the
question of the new Irish government.
The leader of the opposition offered
to give guarantee that if the gov.
ernment would take referendum of
the United Kingdom on the home rule
bill and local option proposal the
Unionists both in the house of lords
and in the house Of commons would
place nothing In the way of carrying
out the will of the people.
Sir Edward Carson, the Ulster I'm
ionist leader, backed up Mr. Laws
offer by saying that if the premier is
prepared to give him definite offer
of referendum he will accept that
decision.
"BuiIets Instead of Votes"
If Mr.. Asquith refused the course
suggested, said Mr.. Law, it could only
be because the government thought
| in the words of Winston Spencer
| Churchill that the question should be
settled by bullets rather than by
votes" .-.
Mr.. Laws speech concluded with
the following words: .-........
What about the army? If it is
only a question of disorder, the army
will, and ought to obey, but if it is q
question of civil war the soldiers are
citizens like the rest of the people
The army will be divided and that
force be destroyed on which we de-
pend for our nationol safety"
Premier Asquith, however, looked
coldly upon the proposition of q
referendum. He said: + ga f.
| "The government does not recede
from Its proposals, under which there
would be no coersion of Ulster. The
scheme gives six years trial o1
home rule before there would be any
attempt to bring Ulster under it's pro
visions" ~