The review. [volume] (High Point, N.C.) 1908-19??, 1914-11-26
=iu. 1-sectional View Of Huller Gin.

Fla. 1-seetionaI View Of Huller Gin.
(Prepared by the United States Depart
ment of Agricultural
The principal points to be consld-
cred in deciding the grade OF COT
ton are:
Cd Foreign matter or impurities
(such as leaf, dirt, sand, and also
strings, notes, neps, gin-cut fiber, cut
seed, and unripe fiber.
(2) Color.
Strings in cotton are usually pro-
duced by ginning wet or unrlpe SEED
cotton. Notes ere immature seeds or
ends of seeds that are pulled on IN
the ginning. Immature seeds are
found more or less in all cotton. Neps
look like small, white dots, and may
best be seen when thin layer of the
cotton fibers is held toward the light.
Cut fi5ers show in lunches and "
shape kinks and give the sample
rough appearance. 1t is dltflcult 10
Judge the grade or value OF g1n-cut
cotton. In order to be on the safe
side, the buyer often penalties such
cotton from one to three cents per
pounds. Neps and cut fbers may be
caused by feeding the gin too FAST
by the gin being in bad order, by the
presence of unripe fiber, or by damp
ness in the cotton when ginned.
Cut seeds are caused by fast gin
ming with hard roller, and by broken
or bent gin-saw teeth that strike the
crate bars. Unripe fibers have a
glossy appearance and are usually mat
ted together. Bolls of cotton picked
before they are we'll opened usually
contain unripe fibers, which are very
weak and lower the grade.
The amount of leaf, dirt and sano
in the sample depends upon the wealth
er. Usually there is very little leaf
when the cotton is picked before the
regetation is killed by frost The dirt
and sand may be caused by either
wind or rain. Many of these lmpurl-
ties may be taken out at the gins by
the use of cleaners. Fifty pounds or
more can very often be extracted from
one bale of low-grade cotton. Ii up
to-date machinery can be used for the
whole crop there would be but Few
bales grading below low middl1ng. II
then, the cotton was sold on grade
the increase in price would offset the
loss in weight and at the same time
the cost for ginning would be reduced
Much of the leaf, dirt, sand ane
bulls may be removed Ivy the use OF
"huller" gins (see fig. -. All types
of gins (see fig. q, however, turn Out
cleaner and better samples If the cot
ton is thoroughly dry when ginned
The saws, brushes and other parts o.
tho gin should also he in good condi
tion if a smooth sample is to be oh
tanned, Cleaners used in connection
with low-grade cotton will improve thu
sample from one to two grades.
The weather and the soil are th'
factors that influence the color o
cotton. The early pickings when no
exposed to the rain usually have ;
bright, creamy color, ind if pickles
with ordinary care should grade goo'
middlings or better. If left in the fell
too long, however, the luster is lost an
the color of the cotton changes
to a dead" or blush white that ma.
reduce the grade to good middlin
loft color" or perhaps middling or be
low, depending upon the quantity Q
trash and dirt. A rain may chang
the same cotton to middling Hinged
or middling stained" according t
the kind of soil and the quantity c
the rain. Weather-tinged and weatt
er-stained cottons are often of bl,
ish color, and when not grown o
sandy land generally contain mu
spots. The action of frost on the lat
bolls before they open also cause
spots. tinges or stains, depending upo
the amount of colored cotton that
mixed with the white. This frost
cotton has a yellowish or buff colo
and is usually weaker than othe
tinged cotton, owing to the bolls b
ing forced open before the fiber
fully developed.
Cotton picked while wet with de
or soon after rain will contain an e
cess of moisture. This may caus
mildew and thus give the cotton
blush cast A bale OF cotton left e
posed to the weather in the gin val
verv often has a widowed outer su
face, or plate, and a sample draw
from near the surface of such ba
NAV not afford fair representation
, it's color.
The United States official cote
grades. as well as other grade stan
ards, require that cotton grading stri
good middling or above be of brig
creamy or white color, and free fro
, any discoloration. A definite or fix
; color is not so absolutely required
:. the grades below strict good middlin
!. For example, a middling may
, creamy or dead white, and the san
!. sample might grade below or abo
/ middling; according az It contain
more OF less impurities. In the grad