davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-05-16
FOR BUSINESS PUR-
POSES TO LET

IN CORNER building, New and Ha1sey SITS. (;
desirable store for rent, rental as low az
$50 month; suitable for automobile supply
house or any mercantile line us for fun
particulars. J. L. FEIBLEMAN & CO., 73s
Broad 81.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-05-16
THE HARVARD

-Four and Eve large, light rooms and bath: al
modern lmprof ementB; steam hest furnished;
unlimited bot water supply; electric lights;
vacuum cleaners: excellent Iznitor service. 3
minutes 70 Roseville station. d l. and ".
X Central car az corner; rent $50. In
quire isnitor, Sol Central av.. or n sAATEL,
les Hillside az.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-05-16
APARTMENTS & FLATS
TO LET

SOUTH SEVENTEENTH ST. Cultures
attic rooms 10 rent IS furnished or IN
furnished
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-05-16

100 feet to Washington av.; 10 minutes
TO D.. L. &. W and Manhattan tubes; and
room apartments all outside apartments;
beautiful and luxurious equipment; steam
heat, hot water and janttor eryice furnished =
completed June Ist rentH s2s to s35; other
particulars on application. THE EDWARD
phone S02 3. B. Near Roseville station.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-05-16

RocKAwAY. Long island The eetraff6rd
Inn" "a South oceAuus aY., Holland, oae
block from ocean. excellent ha2e te<&IDEE
rates reasonable.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-05-16

TEN-AcRE FARM-Lincoln ay.. Sayyille, L.
l.; good soil buildings turned. OWNER,
81 Fourth pl.. Brooklyn.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-05-16

Furnished Cottages for Sale and To Let.
MARGARET NELL BARNES,
102 Main av., Ocean Grove.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-05-16

SOUTH EIGHTEENTH ST. g5s-six rooms.
pantry ana tive attic rooms. Inquire
within.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-05-16

THREE rooms to let, d Astor st Inquire on
premises
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-05-16

FARMS, all sizes and description; buy d.
rect from owner; let me know just what
you want. P. o. Box 725 East Worcester,
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-05-16
w. E. MACDONALD
CHATHAM

Auto meets trains BIZ appointment OPP
site Borough Hall and depot
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-05-16
FURNISHED ROOMS TO
LET

BANK ST. s5-connectinz roons for 1ighs
housekeeping or sleeptagi ladies' g 80
tlemen.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-05-16

QUAINT old-fashioned house to rent for sum-
mer, furnished; all modern conveniences;
wide porch; nine rooms; four hreplaces;
grounds and garden; healthful altitude; two
minutes to station; so minutes TO New York
on Lackawanna. BOX 354, Chatham, n j.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-05-16

ORANGE. High St, 24s-LsrEe, Light. ocm-
Portable rooms, with board; prices GA
sonable.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-05-16
sUN.rgR noAaD

PARK Az, 81. East Orange--Large, light
nirv rooms, excellent table beard, cos
venient to trains and trolleyt.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-05-16

CONNECTICUT
South Norwallx, Conn.
Furnished shore cottage Dorlon's Point,
adjacent to country club, six rooms and
attic; city water electric light all con-
veniences; trolley from express station; for
season. 1915. FRANKLIN. 2s1 Westmin-
ster rd Brooklyn.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-05-16
OUT or TOWN

THE HOTEL FRANCIS at IS and 81 Pres
peet ST.. East Orange--A select family hntel
has some very desirable rooms and suites no
offer al special summer rates. appointments
first-cass and location IDEAL tennis. courts
for tree use Of guests. Telephone asp Or
ange-
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-05-16

ROOM AND BOAHD-OUT OF TOWN
MONTH FOURTEENTH ST.. 124 Eass or
anre-Benutifuily furnished rcome with
az without board. ATTRACTIVE BuANNR
RATES References exchanged; conyen>5Ht
TO two stations.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-05-16
THE RUcKTSGHAM

THE BUcKISSHAM,
II Prospect St, East 9TaRse-Front ropu
single or connecting rooms; summer rates:
table guests; phone 24oi orange.
ORANGE. High st. 198-LarKs. comfortable
rooms, with board near Edison'ss pfices
reasonable.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-05-16

81 ACRES, S-room house, all necessary out
buildings, In good condition; 2 miles Flem-
ington Junction on main road; horses, 8
3 pigs all farm machinery; price So, 500;
must sell. E. S. MAHoNEY, Pennington,
N. J..
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-05-16

SPRINGFIELD AY., 2eO.--very large store,
with modern front; latest improved mirror
show windows; close to junction Of Spring
field ay. and Jones st. Inquire A. F. MUL-
LER. 25s Springfield av.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-05-16

BOARDING

COURT ST. 70--Large rooms. single OF
double: home accommodations. -
JoMBARDY ST. 27-Eiegant, large frunt
room; all Improvements; suitable for =
phone; terms reasonable.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-05-16

Newly arranged 4 and room suites.
every modern Improvement: best Of ianitor
service; plenty Of heat and hot water fur
nlsned; awnings and screens al outside
rooms location Is minutes from Market ana
Broad sts.t III Woodside az. al Elwood
WARD ". MARTIN co, Is Bathgate oil.
koseville. Tel. 3. 3. 302. Representative
on property from to 3 ?. m
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1914-12-08
doing" along new lines.


pected to be the appearance of Eddie
Jackson, king Of the pickpockets, %
before the grand jury. Jackson is
now in Joliet prison. .-.
Eddie Jackson made his headquar-
tiers in the old Barney Bertsche sa-
loon in the days when he earned the
newspaper title of Eddie the I'm
mune." While complaints were COM
ing in to the police about his crimes,
Jackson used to mingle with and
hold long conversations with the very
officers that should have been search
ing for him. This is what he is ex-
pected to tell about before the grand
jury. 1t is said Bertsche furnished
him with protection.
A detective, wise to the secrets of
the combine between police. and
grafters, has turned states evidence,
according to a rumor from the GRIM
inal court. ....
1t was this information whispered |
about in the barrooms of Randolph |
street, in the vicinity of the detective |
bureau, that struck terror to the |
hearts of those who, have become |
entangled in the network woven by |
Hoyne.
Who this man is, Hoyne refuses to
ell at the present time. But it is
expected that his confession will back
up the story told yesterday by George
Williams, alias "The Alabama Kid"
who told Hoyne that Barney
Bertsche was shot down in the Ran
dolph street battle" because Barney
planned to open a new ''pay-off" joint
in opposition to the Imperial building
joint operated by Ed Rice and Clar-
ence Class.
Hoyne's statement of the "Alaba-
ma Kids" confession was as follows
in part:
Williams, in his confession" said
Mr.. Hoyne, has admitted he was
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1914-12-08

to work out of the place. Some of
these were solicited to bring their
victims to the place and others vol
unteered to leave the pay-of joint
in the Imperial building and work
out of the new place. ,
''Then Rice and Kerwin began
complaining to Tobin and Egan about
the entrance of this new competing
place. There was delay while cleo
trio lights, telephones, fixtures and
rugs were being installed in the pay
off joint.
''Then, came the alteration in the
barroom between Bertsche and Egan
and Tobin. Williams was there and
saw it. have the names of all those
who were parties to the fight and
number of witnesses beside. Egan
insisted Barney refrain from opening
the new place. Egan said that it was
not right to bring out of town thieves
in on the game Bertsche declared
he was going to open up.
"Egan told him, You can't do any
business
Barney replied, Why can't 1? l
have always IOdICu TIC COppCIS
right. d" .....' ,.-
Barney agreed not to open for
several days, but Bgan insisted the
place must not open at all.
Barney said, What about the
other placer What placer asked
Egan. You know what place mean
said Barney, meaning the place in
the Imperial building. The alterca-
ton ended there with no result. Both
Bertsche and Egan were defiant.
Then came the sudden closing of the
Imperial place following my confer
ence with the mayor and on the next
day Bertsche and Egan met in the
pistol duel on the Rialto. Of course
Kansas Farm Land did not open
after that.
The Butler weekly times. (Butler, Mo.) 1881-1918, 1914-10-22

Phillips is teacher and is doing al
that one could do under the circum-
stances to give them good school.
Lost Corner has an enrolment Of
~ and 26 were present. They have
had but one tardy this year. The at
tendance is good as is all Of their
work. Miss Ruth Quinn is teacher
and is doing good work for them.
Tygard has an enrolment Of, IS and
II were present. They have a good
building. but cleanup day. was lefi
for the teacher and pupils. They are
going to see after this and then in.
vite 1.-THE patrons in. Miss Winnie
Priestly is teacher and is doing good
work for them.
Trip has an enrolment Of SO and
80 were present. The attendance il
the best it has been in years. They
are working with a will and are do
ing better on spelling. They are hav.
ing good school with Mr.. Lonis
Cole.
The Butler weekly times. (Butler, Mo.) 1881-1918, 1914-10-22

south Of the depot. The men rushed
to the house, but found il locked.
They broke down the doors. Mrs.
Weddle was lying on the bed and the
four children were on another bed
and on the floor. The fire was con-
fined to one room and was soon un-
der control. The doors to the small
room were locked, the curtains down
and the bed and bedsprings had been
set against the windows and doors.
Mrs. Weddle this morning bought
a five gallon can Of gasoline. She
ordered it from a Mrs. Messicks and
told her that she. was preparing t
clean house and intended using aepar
Of the gasoline on her beds. The
condition Of the house indicated tina
the mother had gone ahead as usua
with the days work. A part Of tn
early morning had been devoted +
peeling apples for canning. The fiv'
gallons Of gasoline, which had beef
delivered, was used to saturate. tn!
room.
Mr.. Weddle is Frustrated. Hi
answers to the jury were scarcel.
coherent He recalled that at on
time his wife had threatened suicide
Mr.. and Mrs. Weddle formerly re
The Butler weekly times. (Butler, Mo.) 1881-1918, 1914-10-22
MOTHER BURNS
SELF AND FOUR.
Mrs. John Weddle, Milo, Mo-, Was
Temporarily Insane.

Mrs. John Weddle, Milo, Mo-, Was
Temporarily Insane.
Nevada, Mo-, Oct. 16.-Mrs. John
Weddle, presumably while tempor-
arily demented, today put gasoline
on the clothes of herself and four
children, on the furniture, walls and
bedding Of one room in her home at
Milo, eight miles south Of here, barred
the doors and windows and touched
a match to the oil. All five were
dead when they were found'a few
minutes later by neighbors.
The woman's husband who is q
Missouri Pacific section foreman,
was at work mile south of Milo al
the time. Mrs. Weddie was about
IS years old and the children, three
boys and girl, ranged in age from
8 to- II. No cause could be found
for the woman's act other than q
possible attack of insanity.
Soon after the fire started, Sam
McGovney and the Missouri Pacific
station agent saw smoke coming from
the section house, a short distance
The Butler weekly times. (Butler, Mo.) 1881-1918, 1914-10-22
Former, Bates Countian Dies in
Wyoming

Peter Kegerreis, for many years a
resident Of this county, died at the
home Of his son at Sheridan, Wyom-
ing, Wednesday, Oct. "A, 1914. after
only short illness.
Five children, three sons, ]. +. and
George Of this county, and w. 4. Of
Sheridan, Wyo., and two daughters,
Mrs. Sadie Harding Of Washington
and Mrs. Chas. LaFollette Of near
this city survive. ~
The remains were brought to this
city Saturday and taken to Pleasant
Gap where services, conducted BY
Rev. w. j. Snow were held and in
terment was made.
The Butler weekly times. (Butler, Mo.) 1881-1918, 1914-10-22

sided ii this city where they have
many friends who wilLlearn with the
deepest regret 81 the sad affair Mrs.
Weddle is the daughter Of Mr.. and
Mrs. Richard Medley.
The remains 81 the mother and
children were brought IL this city
Saturday and services conducted BY
Rev. r. M Webdell were held at the
Baptist church. Interment was made
in Oak Hill cemetery.
The Butler weekly times. (Butler, Mo.) 1881-1918, 1914-10-22
Does it Pay to Raise Corn?


Tventie tn Century Farmer. Omaha. Neb.
Yes, it pays to raise corn from the
general standpoint of the corn pro-
Queer. It pays to raise corn as feed
crop to be fed out on the farm to the
farm animals. Sometimes, but not
always, it pays to raise corn to be fed
out to the feed yard animals, bought
in the stocker markets of the country,
to be finished for the beef, pork and
mutton supply. Itdoes not, however,
follow that the marketing Of the corn
crop through the feed yard always
pays. There are many contingencies
entering into the feeding of live stock
for the fat market that influence for
or against profitable sale of the feed
used in this way.
The feeding of live stock in the
sense of fattening for their slaughter
is more or less speculative. The fluc-
tuations in prices of meat.producing
animals are beyond the control OF the
producer and cannot be governed at
all times; in fact, it is scarcely reason
able to suggest that the feeder can
exert any influence over the market
that will result in his increasing prices
or holding prices up.
1t pays also to raise corn for the
elevator trade, for the commercial
markets of the country. OF course,
this takes the product off the farm,
but not any more so than in oats,
wheat, rye, barley and other grain
or seed crops. The wheat is always
sold off the farm, the straw left; the
corn is sold and the stalks left, and
yet in this act no one has accused the
farmer of insanity, because he did mo-
feed his wheat on the farm in place
of selling it to the grain trade.
It is the diversified uses to which
corn can be put that has popularizee
it as a farm crop. The farmer, wher
he plans to plant his corn acreage each
spring, does not necessarily have tt
decide beforehand how he is going t.
market it. He knows that he has
safe, sure, merchantable crop wher
it is matured and in the crib. 1t il
easily stored and may be carried ove1
winter without any special danger o
damage. 1t is a crop of many USE
and demands. There is no othe
crop that equals it in this respect. II
~acommercial and manufacturing sens
it is needed by the millions, the dis
filters, the manufacturers of food ant
feed products of every CONCEIVABLE
kind. The low grade and damages
grain is used for the manufacture Q
denatured alcohol. There is practl
cally no loss in the commercial Gro
by lack of condition. Its creates
value, however, is to the breeder 9
cattle, where the fertility is kept o
the farm and there is no chance G
loss in the gamble OF buying higf
priced feeders and then selling th
finished cattle at a low price.
The Butler weekly times. (Butler, Mo.) 1881-1918, 1914-10-22
Wilcox School

Pie and box supper and entertain
ment will be given at the Wilcox
school Friday night, Oct. 30th, 1914.
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1914-04-24


The shooting started, she says.
when Louis Tikas, Greek leader at
the tent colony, protested because the
uniformed gunner trained three ma
chine guns on the tent colony.
'Louis told them'not to point their
guns at the women and children" she
said.
Sunday they tried to break up a
ball game our men were playing and
some of the men got mad and chased
them away. That is why they set up
the guns and it was then that Louis
objected,
"Then they cursed him and fixed
at him. They must have fired so
shots at him and he fell down dead.
That was early Monday.
"Our men all went mad then and
got what guns they had and started
after the gunner. Our men were on
one side of the tents and the gunner
on the other.
"All of us women and children ran
down into the cellars which we're
dug long time ago when the gum
men first came down here and threat
ened us-with rifles and machine guns
"AH day long we lay down there
without anything to eat or drink.
Il had six children, the oldest
eleven, and they all cried.
"AII through the camp we could
hear women shrieking and calling to
God and the Virgin to come and save
their children. The firing continued |
and the bullets WhistIed overus hour
after hour, and after while heard a |
woman cursing terribly. Later |
heard that she had had her hand |
shot off at the wrist when she reach
ed up from her cellar and tried to
get pail of water to give her chill
dren a drink.
MY children begged me for water,
and finally little William-he was my
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1914-04-24

Tor the wafer mySelI, DuJ naQ TO stay
with the babies.
Just when it was beginning to get
dark the gunner dashed in among
the tents and set fire to some of
them. Our tents were all close to-
'gether and the fire spread fast. All
the time they kept shooting into the
tents, although they knew our men,
with their guns, were all away up in
the hills.
81 took my children and ran to
deep arroyo (guIly) where there were
about so other women and babies
Lots of the others, though, were
afraid to come out of their cellars
and they suffocated under the burn
ing floors and side walls, which had
been built up of boards.
81 don't see how any men could
kill little children like my William
and them other poor little things. who
were shot or burned"
The man who led the uniformed
gunner at the start of the battle was
E. K. LendeTfelt, lieutenant in the
Colorado National Guard. A c. Felts,
head of the Baldwin-Felts detective
agency, told the congressional inves-
tigation committee that Lenderfelt
operated machine gun for the coal
mine owners during the earlier part
Of the strike.
Lenderfelt, according to witnesses
before an investigating committee
sent to Southern Colorado, had boast
II - 1, . l,,,r,;ld EE1afJJ 7 o,,;e rr;Izoe
the Ludlow strikers leader, and that
he would wipe out the colony there
some day. ~
This committee twice asked Cover
nor Ammons to remove Lenderfelt
and Ammons twice disregarded the
requests.
Upon Elias Anmons, governor of
Colorado, rests the blame for this
awful slaughter.
AumnnS iS olIf of fha STATE now
Newport daily independent., 1914-01-31

Miss Stella Wallace went to Tuckerman this morning to at tend the Teachers Association.
 Try Virtues Little Liver Pills at the City Drug Store. 09btt
 Knox mends shoes cheap. III Walnut street. dtf. E. E. Mann of Marianna spent Friday here.
 Attorney Ira J. Pickens of Walnut Ridge spent this morning in our city on business.
 Drayage of ali kinds handled promptly. Phone No. 10. - Chester Robinson. lSdtf.
 Storage room for rent at Bow ems Cash Store. 35d30t
 County Treasurer Jake Ivy went to Tuckerman this morning to spend the day.
 Triumph Potatoes at Bowen's Cash Store. 54d6t WI
 Captain Leslie Inman left this morning for Memphis to spend several days with his family.
 Let us show you our new line of boys waists and shirts only I25c to 75c.-Bowen's Cash Store. 54d6t
 Mrs. Turner Collier of Tupelo and Mrs. Marvin Atkinson left this morning for Mammoth Spring to visit their sister.
 Cedar Fence Posts, Sash Doors, Lumber, Shingles, Brick and Cement.-Hubert's Lumber Yard. 33btf. Col. James T. Rutherford, who 
 ,, is very i'll at his home in Inde- pendence county, is reported no better this morning.
 Those desiring high class day board, should confer with Mrs. E. Claridge prior to February 1. 42b14.
 MT. and Mrs. Edgar Williams went to Tuckerman this morn ing to attend the Jackson Coun- ty Teachers Association.
 For Rent-Room and board in private family. SIS Elm street. d6.
 Wanted-Man to sell sick ac- cident and life policies. Call for Gamble at the Hazel hotel this evening. Id.
 John McLain has accepted a position with MT. l.. D. Price to succeed Rube McElwee, who will enter a commercial school at Lit tie Rock.
 For Rent-Nice front room, with or without board. For par ticulars call at S04 Newport Ave. or phone 356. dtf.
Newport daily independent., 1914-01-31
how's This?

We oier One Hundred Dollars Rewar for anv case of Catarrh that cannot be cured by Halls Catsrrh Cure. ~
 F. J. CHENEY X co. Toledo O. We the undersigned. have known F Cheney, for the last years and believe him perlectiy hon oIabie in all business transactions and financially able to cany out any obligations made by his firm
 NATIONAL BANK OF COMMERCE.
 Toledo Ono Hall's Catarrh Cure is taken internally actinp directly upon the blood and mucous surfaces of i system Testimonials sent free. Price 7s cents pci bottle. Sold by all Druggists f Take Halls Family Pnls for constipation
Newport daily independent., 1914-01-31
Miss Mvra Meeks of Little


 who is critically i'll.
 When in need of fancy aprons, caps and kimonas call at 414 Elm street. 45dlm
 Dr. w. F. Smith of St. Vim cents Infrmary at Little Rock was here yesterday going to Yellville as a witness in a rail- road case in court.
 The third attraction in the School Lyceum course will be presented at the High school au- ditorium Thursday evening, Jan. 29th. Admission 25c and soc. Lost-Several months ago, gold locket fob, bearing Greek letter inscription "B. T. F." Re- ward paid for return to this of- flee. 53d6t Mrs. R. D. Powell left this morning for her home at Waco, Texas, after a visit of several weeks to her sister, Mrs. George A. Hillhouse. :. Murray Barber Shop, in rear | of McLain Building. Every thing clean and sanitary. l kindly ask the patronage of all. Ed Murray, propr. 47d1m Misses Annie Belle Bridger, Willie Mashburn, Margaret Beat tie and Carrie White went to Tuckerman this morning to at- tend the association of Jackson county teachers.
 Wanted at once-gang edg- ern1an and other men in mills; also men on log loader and skid der in woods. Apply to Muir head Lumber Co.,, Weldon, New port telephone 1908. 47btf. For Sale-25 head of horses and mules. Apply to H. c. San ders, Newport, Ark. 52btf 51d3t.
 Have oak and hickory wood for sale, any size load.-Jno R. Loftin, Jr. Phone 362. 22dtf
 See Ed Hopper for good oak wood, heating and cooking. Tel ephone 317. 57d6 For Rent - Nicely furnished front room. 215 Vine st. If.
 Mrs. E. T. Evans and two lit tie children arrived home last evening from a two weeks visit to her parents, Dr. and Mrs. Jas. Anderson, at Conway.
 For Sale-E. L. Watson home place, three lots corner Second and Main. Apply to 0. D. Wat son or c. M. Erwin. O7dtf. Dr. Ira H. Erwin will leave Monday for New Orleans, where he will take a six weeks special course in his profession of eye, ear, nose and throat at Tulane University, one of the finest in- stitutions of the South. s+ For rent Two furnished rooms to couple without child ren. Apply to Mrs. L. B. Grant, 403 Leona avenue. 54dtf.
 Deputy U. s. Marshal Webber returned Friday morning from Grubbs where he went after J. B. Ragsdale who was taken be- fore J. w. Parse this morning on a charge of the illegal sale of in- toXicants. He was discharged. Sam Mcfarland, J. E. Smith, c. c. Byrd and John Grizzle were witnesses in the case.-Bates- vile Guard.
 For rent Two furnished rooms. 222 Laurel. dtf.
 Carload of regular country wood for heating or cooking, $2 per load. W. c. Compton, phone 9S. 4Sdtf.
 Invitations are out to the mar riage of Miss Lucy Tims and Mir. Robert Ivy at the home of the brides parents, MT. and Mrs. w. M. Tims of Tuckerman. The