Hermanner Volksblatt. [volume] (Hermann, Mo.) 1875-1928, 1914-02-27
some ash material. as wood ashes,

sis is dissolved from q feeding stuff
by ether includes, besides, real fats,
wax, the green color1ng matter Of
plants, etc. For this reason the ether
extract is usually designated crude fat
The fat of food is either stored up in
the body as fat or burned to furnish
heat and energy.
Carbohydrates are usually divided
into two groups: a. nitrogen free ex-
tract, including starch, sugar, gums
and the like, and (2) %cellulose or fiber,
the essential constituent of the walls
of vegetable cells. Cotton fiber and
wood pulp are nearly pure cellulose.
Coarse folders, like hay and straw W,
contain a large proportion of fiber,
while most grains contain little fiber,
but are rich in starch, sugar, etc. ni-
trogen free extractJ The carbohy'
drates form the largest part Of all veg
etable foods. They are not permanent
ly stored up as such in the animal
body, but are either stored up as fat
or burned in the system to produce
heat and energy. They an, one of the
principal sources of animal fat.
Protein Tor heterogeneous materialsl Is
the name Of a group of materials con
tanning nitrogen. Protein materials
are often designated as flesh form
ers," because they furnish the mate
rails for the lean flesh, but they also
enter largely into the composition of
blood, skin, muscles. tendons, nerves,
hair, horns, wool, the casein and albu-
men of milk, etc. For the formation
of these materials protein Is absolutely
indispensable. No substances free
from nitrogen can be worked over into
protein or fill the place of protein.
Under certain conditions 1t is believed
protein may be a source of fat In the
body, and finally it may be burned, like
the carbohydrates and fat, yielding
heat and energy.
heat is nearly two and a half times
that of carbohydrates or protein. The
sources of fat in the body are h fat,
carbohydrates and probably the pro-
tein of the food, and the exclusive
source of protein in the body is the
protein in the food. These groups OF
food materials are termed nutrients.
To a certain extent at least the nu-
trients may replace n another, al
though, as stated above. no other nu-
TRENT can take the place of protein.
The fat and carbohydrates perform
similar functions, and. to a large ex-
tent, carbohydrate materials may re-
place fat in the food, even when a
large fat production is demanded of
the animal, as in the case of the cow.
The composition of feeding stuffs, or
the proportion in which the nutrients
occur, is. determined by chemical analy-
sis. Only a portion of the nutrients Is
of direct use to the ANIMAL. e., only
that digested. A part of the food Is
dissolved and otherwise altered by the
Juices of the mouth, stomach and in
testines absorbed from the alimentary
canal, and in the form of chyle passes
into the blood and finally serves to
nourish and sustain the body. The
other portion is excreted.
AS the rates of digestibility are not
constant for different foods and as
only the digestible portion Is of any
nutritKe use to the animal, it is essen
tial to. know in the case of each feed
ing stuff what part of its protein, fat
and carbohydrates the total quantity
of which is shown by analysis) Is
actually digested by the animal. This
is determined by digestion expert
ments with animals, and to secure ap-
proximately accurate figures the trials
are repeated with a large number of
animals and under various conditions.
The digestibility of such coarse fod-
ders as straw. oars hay. etc.. is rela-
lively low. The digestibility, like the
composition, varies somewhat for the
same kind of feeding stuff grown I'M
der different conditions and fed TO diff
ferent animals.
Calculations have been made of the
amounts OF digestible protein, fat and
carbohydrates contained in 100 pounds
each OF a large number of more com
monty used feeding stufTs. They are
the ngureS Wu1cl the iullneF HdS "
consult to find the approximate food
value OF a material In selecting his
feeding stuffs or making up a ration.
They are available in various publica-
lions, including those of the United
States department of agriculture.
For example. in 100 pounds of green
corr fodder with an average amount
of dry matter OFT pounds) there are
contained approximately Ito pounds
of digestible} protein (materials con
tanning %nitrogen). 1913 pounds of di'
gestible carbohydrates Starch. sugar.
fiber, etc., and 0.37 pounds of digesti-
BILE fat, and these materials when
consumed In the body will yield 26,016
caiories, or units. of heat, furnishing
energy for work and bodily heat.
An Ok standing in the stall requires
less food nutrients than INK which
is worked hard every day. In stand
ing in the barn it still requires some
protein, fat and carbohydrates to per
form the necessary functions of the
body to maintain heat In winter, to
grow a new coat Of hair etc. But If
1t is fed the same ration as when