The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-05-24

transfusion of blood from a person with malaria into the person of another-either accidentally or purposely for experiments. The name of the parasite under discus sion is the plasmodium malarlae. It is protozoon because it consists of only one cell; 1t is also further described as a hemato-zoon because it lives in the blood. and finally hematocytozoon because It lives in and multiplies in the red blood cells. tThere are no united States words for these.)
 Conditions necessary:
 l. A person with malaria, that Is in- fected with the malariaI psrasite' known as the host.
 2. An anopheles mosquito tsorry he has no common name) to bite said person.
 3. Said mosquito after about F days bites we'll person, and inoculates hlli or her with a newly developed family of the parasites grown in said mosquito.
 Now what happens in this: The female mosquito bites for the female alone bites (another example of the female offender), but let it be said to her credit that her purpose is not to feast, put to multiply her species, for one full feed of blood is necessary for her eggs to hatch, and sucks into her stomach the blood, and with that blood the male and female elements of the parasite Then the process of the generation of a new family of the para
 
 in a few days, about 12. finally reaching the salivary glands of the mother mos quito, where they are stored for the next step. Then said mosquito, with the best intentions in the world. no harm intended. but loaded with fresh young full grown in her salivary glands. bites a well per son and discharges her saliva with it's parasites into his or her blood. and thus infects him or her with a new crop of the para sites. She can infect many per sons from her supply by biting them.
 The varlties of the malarial parasites are the tertian, quartan and estivo-autum- nal. The two first are chiefly found in the temperate climates. and are the cause according to most writers, of the simple of benign types of the disease; the last is found much less in temperate climates but is the scurge of the tropics, and is the cause of the pernicious or bad types of the disease. The size and shape of these several varities slightly differ, which. with other characteristics render them each recognizable under the micro- scope. They all have practically the same life history. to-wit an infected person infects the mosquito which grows and de- velops a new crop of the parasites and then inoculates a well person.
 Act Very Much Alike
 After entering the. blood, the parasites act very much alike. They all enter the red blood cells, there multiply until sec eral, eight, 10 or 15, new parasites are formed, consuming the red cells and matching (call sporulation) burst the cells and are discharged free into the blood to again enter other red cells and so on until the disease wears out becomes chronic, is cured or the patient dies. Each family, however, maintains it's generic in- dependence and social distinction.
 The following is not strictly sani- tary discussion but is extremely inter- esting. When these parasites hatch, the malarial paroxysm occurs-the chill. fever and sweats. The reason of this is the discharge of their toxins into the blood plasma. It is important to know this, because, the remedy quinine, can kill them best at this time They are no longer in their block houses, the red blood cells, where quinine can only with difficulty reach them. Hence, the prac- tical point is the patients blood should be filled with quinine at the time of the matching or a few hours before the paroxysms. The periodicity and time between the attacks is also interesting and are thus explained. The tartian variety hatches in AS hours therefore every other day paroxysms the quartan variety hatches every 72 hours, there fore, every fourth day paroxysms If two varieties of the tertian or three families of the quartan varieties infect the same patient, there may be a pa roxysm every day, or two in one day and skip day, or the morning of one day and evening of the next and so on, thus explaining the tertian, quartan types of paroxysms, or the double of any of these This Is, however, a sep arate infection for each family-usually a mosquito for each family. The estivo- autumnal, while going through the same process, is not so definite as to time in their growth and matching. The effect of all is the destruction of the red cells, leaving the blood very anaemic.
 Prevention of Malaria
 Prevention-The prevention of mala-