davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-10-11
FRANCIS Joseph NEW "SICK MAN OF EUROPE
Dr. Szekely Says Servian Statesmen
Wrapped Mantle of Abdul Hamid
Around Aged Emperor Of Austria

peratively from their respective govern
ments to put at once a stop to the pa
thence and liberation which had come
perilousy near to be weakness. Other
circumstances combined to make II
matter of life and death for the dual
monarchy to clear up definitely her re-
latlons with Servia. Capital. fearing that
Austria-Iiungary sooner or later whether
she wanted o. not. ssirily would
have to 20 to war with Scrvia, had been
seeking outside investment. while thou
sands Of unemployed clamored for relief
Matters could not be worse. Not even
in state OF war. On the contrary. war
WIS h tier. anything was better. than
this unbearahlc condition OF affairs which
caused the dual monarchy TO bleed itself
to death politically as well az economi-
cdlly. War is a dreadful thing Every
body knew that
When Emperor. King Francis Joseph
received the news OF the Saraievo outrage
he said In a melancholy tone OF voice !:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-10-11
Emperor Francis Joseph.

away. Their very life arteries have
grown together with the mother bodies Of
Austria and Hungary In a history a thou
sand years old.
Means must be found. therefore, not
only To punish Servia but to prevent her
from further attempts 10 disturb the ma
tionalities IN Austria Hungary. Some
thing more than promises, easily broken.
are needed. Servia must he made to real
lie that she cannot Conspire with i'm
punlty against the security aud the ter
ritorial integrity of the dual monarchy.
nor use any longer bombs, hrowuings and
poison as rightful means toward a po-
lit!cal end. The illness must be cured
radically. rot I'm its outer symptoms. and
the evil tracked to its origin The dual
monarchy wishes to procure for herself
what every state has a perfect right 10
quiet ard peace.
Three million Austro Hungarian soldiers
are under arms. Three million They
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-10-11

duction to the cultural level of Russia.
classification is what Russia is after;
in her own large share OF Ruthenia
and in the smaller Ruthenia on Aus
trian soil in Poland In Servia, in Mon
tcneEro, in u.garia--everywhere she
seeks to introduce her low standards
Of liberty, her unresistcd autocracy.
To achieve her purpose she is as
morclless toward her fellow Savs as
she l. toward Firms and Swedes and
Baltic Germans and Jews within the
pale only by making themselves indie
pendent of her have some Of the Balkan
nationalities been able to progress in
the path OF Western civilization. We
know what Bulgaria suffered in the
days of Gen. KaulbarS and Alexander
| Of Battenburg. Wcsterner, who saw
| what must be done and was deposed.
| We know what Bulgaria has made of
| herself defyinE Russia under Ferdi-
nand of Coburg.
| Wherever one turns among the Slavs
, of southeastern Europe one sees the
same evidence of the blighting hand OF
! Russia. Once beyond her influence
! they succeed, Whatever the short
! comings of Austria's rule. 1t has made
! the Serbs within her realm the leaders
! of their race In Bosnia and HerZego-
! Nina, countries degraded beyond belief
! less than fifty years ago, she has es-
| tablished security Of life and property.
| equality before the law OF Christians
| and Mohammedans she has fOstered
trade and industry, and she has re-
! duCed llitcraCy from 100 to 40 per cent.
In bloodstained, backward Servia sta
! tistlCS show 80 per cent. OF illiteracy.
| Yet this Is the country which IL the
sef-appointed leader Of "A pan SerVian
| movement. Serb culture has it's CEN
tres on Austrian and Hungarian soil,
not at Belgrade,
( 1t Is one of the many current mis-
conceptions concerning southeastern
Europe that the Austro- Hungarian
Saws are united in their aspiration to
be freed from the rule OF the dual mon
archy. The contrary is true. Every
/ where they are divided the ignorant
mass, unsettled 10y Russian intrigue and
its ineYhaustible purse, being opposed
by the men who have come under the
influence OF Western civilization, and
vino have becumc its champions. The
Croatians are almost tn n man opposed
to a change Of their allegiance. OF the
dclcctahlc house of Karageorgcvltch
they viii have none The majority OF
the Austrian and hungarian Serbs look
down upon the Servians; hut the con.
spirator' among them make more noise
In Bohemia CZcchs and Germans me-
AT a monster meeting on the outbreak
of the war and decided that, whatever
their differences, they We're united II
their determination to withstand th'
danger OF classification to the last ditch
The Czechs are Slavs. but they hav,
, assimllated Western civilization throug,
the centuries. and they know Its bless
ngs. They know. too. that Russii
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-10-11
DR.. Dernburg Answers
Lord Bryce's Argument

regiment. the Forty-fifth, was brought
to Namur as early as July 30?
In the Erening Post OF to-day lady
from Boston relates on good authority
the landing Of British marines in Ostend
on the 30th of July
What credence will Americans then
give to such White Books?
The White Book further does not say
what the attitude of the various mem
bers of the British Government has
been during the crisis and does not tell
you that Mr.. Burns and Lord Morley
and Sir Trevelyan, three Ministers.
disagreed with the British Cabinet and
stepped out Of the Cabinet, ana it is
currently reported that Mr.. Bryce did
not like that attitude either. 1t dbes
not tell you what the Belgian Charge
dAffaires reports to his Government. that
the assurance that England gave the
French before July 80 to maintain her
has given enormous weight and has
contributed not a little to giving the
Russian war party full sway. 1t con-
tlnues: There have been diverg!ng
opinions in the Cabinet meetings Of to-
day. The publication OF mobilization
has been delayed. Then the report con-
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-10-11

would trample them under foot. that she
would treat them as she has treated
Finland, the Baltic provinces and po-
land.
1t is safe to make one prediction.
When the great peace conference meets,
wherever and whenever that shall be
and whatever the outcome of the war
the delegates will be treated to some
surprises. In the conclusion of this
peace, so we have been given to under
stand, the desires Of the peoples them
selves will be consulted when il comes
to the remaking OF the map of Europe.
Russia will certainly make a determined
effort TO prevent the introduction OF
any such civilized and democratic in
novation but she will most likely he
overruled.
II is here that the surprise viii come,
for the world will then learn that the
Savs of Austria Hungary far from
considering Russia as their true friend
and unsolhsh protector, will strenuously
insist upon continuing their old alleg-
lance under new conditions that will
not fail to do away forever with all
past frictiona and enmities. The old
empire viii become "A new federation
OF states, and Hungary, under guaran-
tees of urgent reforms, will remain its
free and equal partner.
The Czechs will be found most unre-
sponsive to Russian Establishments. and
the Austrian Poles will decisively de-
clare their doubt of the possibility OF
| an enduring restitution of their king
dom under the overlordship of the Car
The Austrian Ruthenians will prefer tc
maintain their present independence tc
Incorporation with the oppressed Little
! Russians: and in the south the loya
/ Serbs will prove that they are in ar
overwhelming majority.
The Russian danger will continue t.
he real danger for all that. Its pan,
Slavism is euphonism for pan-Rus
slanism. The danger will survive thl.
war; 1t will have TO he faced again il
the future, let us hope by united anC
determined civilization of the West. Blu
the myth that Slavdom outside Russi;
desires union under the Russian knou
will he exposed. The determination o
Russia to place II under its heel viii
not be changed. however, by the ex
posure. She will only await -and maxi
another opportunity,
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-10-11

: the war OF the nations pro-
~ crosses and the first violent
n partisanships abate TO MAKE
room for second considerations,
Il may not be amiss. even though the
first verdict of public opinion stilI
stands. to look a little deeper into the
practical politics-the Realpo'itik-of at
least one of the bel.igerents, Russia
| will leave aside the question OF the
responsibility for this war; ! shall not
try to settle the question whether GER
many Is fighting for world dominion or
for her national existence; | Will for
the moment admit that England Is wag-
ting war for only the highest Of motives.
What I wish to inquire into here are
the issues between Austria Hungary
and Russia.
The Car, we have been given to
understand by his prss bureau, has
modified all his forces in order that
he may have an opportunity to free the
Jews. The Poles and the Firms under
his rule, to protect the Slavs OF the
Balkans, and To rescue the Slavs of
Austria Hungary from their sad fate.
II Is evident that so far as his own
subiects are concerned. Nicholas II. has
thus far been prevented from enamel
paring them by the mailed fist OF Ger
many. Meanwhile the Russian Am
basegdor in London has stated that he
knows nothing of the removal by I'M
perial reScript OF the political and social
disabilities OF Jews in the RUSSIAN
realm And American Jews Will CON
tlnue 10 discover that American pass
ports are not valid ut the Russian
frontier.
The claim that Germany and Austria
Hungary are defending western civiliza
zion against the harharism. or at Least
the semi -harbarism, of Russia has beer
dlsal.owed The Russian danger has
suddenly "anishod in thin air II NJ
longer exists, Il never has eXlsted eX
ccpt IN the perfidOus misrepresenta
lions Of autoCratic Germany and Aus
tria Hungary. With these two militar!
nations beaten to their knees, we arr
told. mil'tarsm will disappear from th'
earth. The Car VIII beat his 10 900 00
bayonets and sahres into ploughshare
because he will have no further us
for them In the Balkans, Asia Minor
Persia. India, and the Far East, Nor
ways fear OF the approach Of the Bea
a. a Authorization, for OF course, publ
opinion 5000 miles away knows NOR
about Norway's national danger tina
the Norwegians themselves, and, un
/ doubtedly. Great Britain will dsmantl
Der fleet, and no longer hold II in re
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-10-11

81 am spared nothing" No longer did
he care to be spared war. He caught
the spirit ~ his II oples Thu call :"
arms was sent out and young and Old
hocked 10 the colors.
or all the Slavs the most highly cul-
turcd are to n. found in the dual mon
archy. There they enjoy ;he blessings of
a Western civilization and are given an
opportunity to develop politically as well
as cuturaly. They are Industrious.
peac. loving conteutcd citizens Of their
country and have no desire whatever to
belong to an inferior civilization just be-
cause OF kinship OF race.
The very parts OF Austria Hungary
which are coveted by Servia are inhab-
tied by many other nationalities besides
the Servian. Should these regions belong
20 Servia merely on the ground that
there are also Servians living there? What
OF the other peoples? What OF the Bull
garians I'm Macedonia, who are now un-
der Servian rule What OF the Albanians
| who, conquered people, now live ~
| daily terror OF Servian atrocities
by all clements NJ social. political and
, economical life the various nationalt!es
/ in the dual moarchy have grown to-
! gether in two independent. separate ma
] tlonal entities. Austria is an empire,
! Hungary Is a kingdom. Both are inhah-
tied by many races but In Austria the
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-10-11
Austria Hungary Diplom atist


Charles MI. OF Sweden. and with him
went down to defeat at the battle Of
Pultava Thereafter Russia had her
way with her Ruthenian brethren, her
dear Russins Little Russians" Of
Ukraine. as their country is now called.
When the nineteenth century dawncd
their national consciousness had been
subdued and crushed. but not broken.
Wherever one turns In Russian his
tory one finds this same record of Rus
SANITATION by the most brutal methods.
Nationalitles must he broken, civilza-
tons eradicated, religions prescribed
For in every political forward step OF
Carbon the Orthodox Church vies with
Cossack and policeman in the unrelent-
Ing cruelty OF its propaganda. Roman
Catholicism in Poland. Prutostantism
in the Baltic provinces and Finland, the
Greek branch OF the Roman Catholic
| Church in Ruthenia-in beloved Little
Russ la"---they all must be eXterminated
Russian orthodoxy must rule.
An then, early in the nineteenth CEN
tury under the peace OF Metternich' g
Holy Alliance, which was the period of
many cultural national revvals among
the races of the dual monarchy. the
crushed Ruthenian national spirit lifted
Its head under the Russian heel. 1t was
stamped down into the dust Immediately
with an extra APPLICATION of force.
The revival went on nevertheless, but
on Austrian and Hungarian soil, for
| It should be explained that a small por
/ ton of the Ruthenian race lives in Ga
licia, Bukowlna and eastern Hungary
1t Is obvious that for purposes Of prac-
| teal politics the Austrian Government
took no steps to suppress this national
! revival, but on the contrary encour-
aged ii. One of the results of this policy
in the past has been the loyalty Of the
Ruthenians to Austria in Polish dis
turbances In Galicia.
At the same time there wa. the usua
reign OF terror among their brethren
in Russia, who now number fully 3d.
000, 900. Ruthenian books. newspapers
and theatrical performances were pro-
hibted. Catholicism and Professionalism
were violently suppressed, the Bible r
Ruthenian, printed and circulated by
the British and Foreign Bible Society
was declared a revolutionary publication
and confiscated,
The result up to date ia that Russian
Ruthenla IL filed with revolutlonarles
They were at the bottom OF the peasan
risings in 190l-2 they organized tn,
mass strikes OF the workingmen II
10000; II was Ruthenan crews tina
mutined on the warships in the Blacl
Sea and the Baltic; Father Gapon was
Ruthenian, and Ruthenans were deeI
, in the revolutionary strikes in Russii
on the eve OF the present war. The.
/, | ,i,,u, to M
1t Is the unhampered revival amonI
: the 100000 Ruthenians Of Austria
/ Hungary that has kept the nations
spirit Of the 100000 Russian Ruthe
, MANS alive and active. Is 1t a wonder
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-10-11
General Krobattin.
Austro-Hungarian War Minister

tinues: "A change has been produced
The war party has got the upper hand
and this morning at 4 o'clock mobiliza-
ton has been ordered
So by giving France the assurance
that she would sustain her. by COM
municating with St. Petersburg before
the Belgian question ever arose, the
scales have been turned and it is Eng
land who has been directly responsible
for Russian mobilization and thereby
for the commencement of the war. The
war party did not mobilize for the pur-
pose of mediation, but the war party.
as it's name implies. modified for war.
All this is not In the White Book. |
have already explained the attitude Of
Sir Edward Grey as regards Belgium.
II now appears that England would go
to war anyway IL France supported
Russia, and that the violation OF Rel
gium neutrality has been only pretext
is shown by the published despatch in
the English White Book in which Sir
Edward Grey very coolly says:
"Mr. Cambon asked me what we
should say about the violation OF the
neutrality of Belgium | said we were
considering whether we should declare
the violation of Belgium neutrality tc
be casus helli."
That does not sound as though. the
honor of England was considered al
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-10-11
Russia and Western SlaVs

then, that Russia desires to annex these
Little Russians" in Austria in order
that me may be able to stamp out this
persistent spirit OF age old national con-
seriousness at its source? But to the
world the Car poses as the champion
OF this little group of Little Russian"
brethren grooming under foreign yoke.
That Russia has made propaganda
among the ignorant portion of them
they are the peasants OF GaliCia, the
Poles with whom they live the land
lords--is undeniahle. Bribery. misrcp-
resentatlon, Juggling with the clever
confusion of Ruthenian with Russia.
the expenditure OF money without stint
in religious matters, SO easy with simple
minds, since the Roman Catholic Church
of the East has retained the Russian
Calendar all this has had its effect,
and even succeeds among the Ruthcnian
Catholics in this country, where the
pan-Russian propaganda has been i'm
pudently busy; but the Ruthenitn in
telligenzia knows better.
But there is more Rcalpolltik, more
Rus sian practical politics, behind this
idealist!c preteXt of racial liberation
Russia's road to the Balkans. to Con-
stantinoplc, to the Mediterranean les
! through Gallcia and the Bukowina.
where the Austrian Ruthenians live.
| These two provinces lie outside the nat
ural boundary of the dual monarchy,
the Carpathian Mountains, which form
| also the political boundary OF the Hun
garian kingdom. Galicit is an outpost
Of the West thrown across the path Of
Russia toward its goal in the Balkans
| Its possession would double the extent
! of Russla's southwestern frontier--Ru-
| mania does not count, since she il - he
made happy with slice of Hungary,
! even az Scrvia is TO receive Bosnia and
Herzegovina, and is furthermore To he
united with Montenegro.
The Little Father means well toward
his beloved Slavs of the Balkans, for
OF course he has given up all designs
upon Constantinople. For the sake 4
civilization and democracy he Is willing
To forego the great the browning amb-
ton of his empire and his race. And all
the world-outsidc mlitar!stiC, rcac-
tionary Austria Hungary and GERMANY
always him. There seems l.
he some unworthy suspicion + his mo-
tives in Norway and Sweden in the
north and in Rumania and Bulgaria IN
the south, but these need not be taken
into consideration. These countries ar
altogether too near Russia to have the
true perspective of her unsclfshncss
To appreciate that one must be n few
thousand miles away from her, and have
no detailed knowledge Of the suppressed
side of her history to disturb one,
power 10 believe.
Pan Slavlsm. our innumerahle Eng
liah rnaptnrS haVa told uq qinca No
ginning of this war, Is "A myth and II
sense they are right. II should b,
called Pan Russlanism, for its ain
always and everywhere has not beef
the liberation Of the race. but its re
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-10-11

serve as a menace to the neutral trade
OF the world.
She has not said so-a mere over
sight. no doubt-but we can rely on her
for that. Her protestations and her ac>
tions have always agreed, as in the
early part of the last century. when she
burned with enthusiasm for Greek In
dependence while trampling her own
ireland underfoot, or during the Boer
war. when she protested to heaven
against Russia's treatment OF Finland.
Still more To-day she is denouncing
the sheling OF Joan Of Arcs cathedral
at Rheims She does not stop 20 re-
member that she burned Joan herself
alive at Rouen.
Her writer's, Rudyard Kipline fore
most among them, who for twenty years
have been warning the world against
the Russian danger. are to-day claim
ing that they made a mistake. The
Muscovite Is the friend Of civilization
and democracy, the angel OF peace on
earth.
It is source of constant wonder to
Austrians and Hungarians that the
West-western Europe as we'll as
America -knows so little, so very little,
of Russian history or the long ages
before Peter the Great II knows moth
ing at all correctly; what II accepts as
facts from Russian historians Ia mostly
misrepresentation with one unvarying
purpose, That purpose is to harmonize
! the country's past with its ambitions
! for the future.
Thus an impression has been created
/ that the empire grew naturally out OF
! the union, in the sixteenth century, Of
/ the Great Russian Carbon of Moscow
and the Little Russian Kingdom OF
' Kuthenia-the terms Great Russian"
and Little Russian" suggesting, OF
course, two branches of the same race,
which is exactly the impression the
Russian historians have sought ~ ere
ate, 1t Is easy to jugge with the words
Russ and Ruthenian CRussin" In Rus
san). AS a matter OF fact the Ruthc-
mans were not, and are not Russians OF
Slavs, hut descendants Of the Scyth-
ians OF antiquity They antcdate the
Russ in his own country by many CEN
turtles, have been despised, harassed
and prosecuted by him in the same
manner as the Poles, the Jews and the
Firms, and must to-day serve, along
with the Poles. his purpose of posing
as the liberator Of the slavs. The rca
facts are different however.
1t would take too long to trace the
history OF the ancient kingdom Of Ru
thcnia here, Suffice 1t to say that al
one time during it's later career Il
formed part of the Kingdom of Poland
and that after a revolt II concluded ar
alliance with the Duchy of Muscovy il
1854 Need Il be added that the Musco
vites forthwith proceeded to Russaniz,
; the Ruthenians with fire and sword
! Their last attempt to gain thci
ancient independence was in 1903, whei
, under their famous hetman Ivan Ma
: zeppa they made common cause will
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-10-11
KAISER PIQUED AT ADELAIDE 2

LONDON, Aug. s.-Europe wonders Il
there may not have been "A touch OF
personal pque as well as military ex-
peilency in the invasion of Luxembourg
by the father Of two rejected suitors
of Duchess Adelaide
The religious scruples OF the young
sovereign OF Luxembourg forbade consid-
GRAFTON OF marriage with either OF
Prussia's bachelor Princes. Rumor in
Germany says that the Kaiser had set
his heart on becoming the father-ln-law
OF the beautiful Adelaide and strongly
.resented her refusal.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-10-11
Sir Herbert Tree Aids sufferer

LONDON, Aug, S,--Sir Herbert Tro"
going to revive Drake at his Maj"s' p
and the proceeds are to be devoted
funds In aid OF the sufferers from the ""'
Louis n, Parker, lately naturall2ed d"
an Englishman, is taking no authors 'e'
for the production.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-10-11

The following article was writ
ten for THE SUN by a distin-
guished Austro- Hungarian dipio-
mat who does not want to have his
name used under the circum-
stances.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-10-11

fight already in Servia. but the bulk OF
them. the millions, march toward the
Russian frontiers ready to engage. II
need be, in that greater struggle in which
the destiny OF Austria-Hungary finally
and definitely will be worked out.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-10-11

Germans. in Hungary the Mngyars are
the historical opponents OF individual and
national culture around which grouped
themselves the various other races
These races do not want to be torn
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-10-11
Archduke Frederick.

Appointed by the Emperor
chief inspector of the army in
place of the murdered Archduke
Francis Ferdinand.