davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Payette enterprise. (Payette, Canyon Co., Idaho) 1909-1935, 1914-03-26
ALIAS SUM MONS.

In the District Court Of the Se'
euth Judicial District of the STATE
of Idaho, in and for the County o.
canyon.
Goldie Ray, Plaintiff VS.. Hughie
Ray, Defendant.
The State of Idaho sends greetings
to Hughie Ray, the above named de
PENDANT.
You are hereby notified, that a
complaint has been filed against you
in the District Court of the Seventh
Judicial District of the State OF Ida
ho i'm and for the County Of Canyon,
by the above named Plaintiff, and
you are hereby directed to appear
and answer the said complaint with
in twenty days of the service of this
summons II served within said Judi
cial District, and within forty days
If served elsewhere; and you are
further notified that unless you 80
appear and answer said complaint
within the time herein specified, the
plaintiff viii take Judgment against
you as prayed, in said complaint.
Said action Is brought for the pur-
pose of dissolving the bonds Of mat
rimony now existing between the
plaintiff and the defendant, on the
grounds of extreme cruelty inflicted
on the plaintiff by the defendant; an,
for the purpose of restoring to plain
tiff her maiden name, Goldie Bran
mock.
Witness my hand and the seal Of
said District Court, this 10th day of
February, 1914.
81 GEO. w. sTovEL,
Clerk.
BY Fred Mitchell,
4 Deputy Clerk.
F. H. Lyon,
! Attorney for Plaintiff. Ste
Residing at Payette, Idaho.
Payette enterprise. (Payette, Canyon Co., Idaho) 1909-1935, 1914-03-26
NOTICE TO CREDITORS

In the Probate Court Of the Ccun
ty of Canyon, State of Idaho.
In the Matter of the Estate of Hen
ry T.. Shaw, Deceased. 80
Notice is hereby given by the un
dersigned, administrator and admins
tratrix respectively, of the estate o.
Henry T. Shaw, deceased, to the cred
ltors of, and all persons having claim
against the said deceased, to exhib-
it with necessary vouchers within
ten months after the publication OF
this notice to the said Marietta Shaw
and M. F.. Albert at the First Nation,
al Bank at Payette, Idaho, the sad
bank being designated as the place
for the transaction of the business
of the said estate in Canyon Coun-
ty. State of Idaho.
Marietta Shaw,
M. F. Albert,
Administrative and Adm.nistrato
respectively, of the Estate Of Hen
ry T. Shaw, deceased.
First publication, Jan. is, 1914.
II. e. HAYNES, -
Attorney for Estate.
Payette enterprise. (Payette, Canyon Co., Idaho) 1909-1935, 1914-03-26

In reference to the work undertaken
by the Holden Improvement commit
tee Governor John M. Haines of Idaho
says:
With reference to the results &C.
complished by the campaign made by
Professor Holden in the Inland EN-
pire for the purpose of stimulating the
production of alfalfa, corn and live
stock, 1 beg to submit the following;
When it was announced that this
campaign was to be made, | immedi
ately made an investigation as to the
General character of the work which
had been done in other places by Pro
lessor Holden and convinced myself
Of It's great value In the carrying of a
message directly to the farmers them
selves with reference to what could
best be done by them for the purpose
Of lettering the quality of their soils
and thus increasing their productivity
AS soon as 1 had become fully in
formed as to the work done by Pro-
lessor Holden in other localities, J
very much regretted that his cam
paign 80 far as the state of Idaho was
concerned would be confined to north
ern Idaho. While alfalfa is now and
has for a number of years been grown
very extensively in the southern part
Of the state, there can be no question
but that our farmers would derive
great benefit from personally receiv-
ing the important instructions which
campaign of this kind is designed
to give.
Results Very Great.
/ am informed that the results in
the northern part of Idaho which may
this alfalfa campaign will be very
great indeed and already preparations
are under way for what is referred to
as a "Follow-up campaign" This, l
take 1t, is intended for the purpose of
more thoroughly impressing the peo-
pie with the lessons already taught
and Of finally and definitely convinc-
ing them Of the benefits which they
may derive through the increased
value Of their farms by adopting the
more extensive cultivation Of the nj
trogen producing plants.
/ trust that this follow-up campaign !
will actually be made and trust also |
that at that time or some other time
In the near future it will be possible
to send the alfalfa special on thor
ough tour OF all other parts Of the
state not already covered.
Yours very respectfully,
q JOHN M. HAINES,
Governor.
Payette enterprise. (Payette, Canyon Co., Idaho) 1909-1935, 1914-03-26

w. H. Brooke and r. w. Swagler,
Residing at Ontario, Oregon.
Scatterday & Van Duyn,
Residing at Caldwell, Idaho.
Attorneys for plaintiff.
First pub. Feb. IL, last Mar. 10.
Payette enterprise. (Payette, Canyon Co., Idaho) 1909-1935, 1914-03-26

Pride of Idaho Seed Corn. Fire
dried extra Early Dent.-G. F. Thay
er, Phone 288 blk 1. 7t4
Payette enterprise. (Payette, Canyon Co., Idaho) 1909-1935, 1914-03-26
John R. Banks

Livery, Feed and Sale Stable.
Good Rigs and prompt attention.
A general livery business conducted
In an up to date manner.
Your Patronage Solicited
Ind. Phone
Payette enterprise. (Payette, Canyon Co., Idaho) 1909-1935, 1914-03-26

A or
T9 St state. f. !. " <. =:
WAsnoE LODGE, NO. 2s.
A. F. & A. M. are held In the Ma
sonic hall in the Thurston-Crigh ton
building on the second Tuesday ev-
ening of each month. All sojourning
Master Masons are fraternally inyit.
sd to be present.
ALBERT WHITE, w. M.
c. KELLER, secy.
PAYETTE IDAHO
Payette enterprise. (Payette, Canyon Co., Idaho) 1909-1935, 1914-03-26
"ALFALFA WEEK. O. X.

An Alfalfa week. March 9th to 18th
has been set In the schools, and Ia
to be thoroughly commended The
amount Of attention on the part of the
pupils to the study Of alfalfa, the clio
vers, peas, beans, vetches, ETC., their
food value and their relation to soil
fertility Is sure to produce an interest
IN the general question of conserva-
ton and more rational attitude
toward agriculture and agricultural
problems. It will make for better citl.
Esnship by calling attention to the
wsifare OF the race rather than the
welfare OF self.
Payette enterprise. (Payette, Canyon Co., Idaho) 1909-1935, 1914-03-26
GOVERNOR HAINEs
ENDORSES PLAT.
Says foilow-Up Campaign O.
Great Benefit to People
Hopes 1t May Be Extended
to Other Parts of Idaho.
BELIEVES IN MORE ALFALFk

0tsko Schools Head, Grace M. Shep-
ard, Welcomes Great Educational
Movement - Offers ENTHUSIASTIC
Support Of State Educational Dc
partment for alfalfa Week." March
9th to 18th.
Payette enterprise. (Payette, Canyon Co., Idaho) 1909-1935, 1914-03-26

For Rent-A nice cottage, barn,
poultry house, corral. Large garden,
lots of berries, fine water. Close to
town. Rent low. Phone 2s8-blk. g."
l would deal with the right man Tor
term of five years on a Land and
orchard proposition ON 40 acres on
Payette Oregon Slope. W. Lat
tis, Jota
Payette enterprise. (Payette, Canyon Co., Idaho) 1909-1935, 1914-03-26
For Rent-Forty acre ranch clos

For Rent-Forty acre ranch close
In to Payette. A good proposition for
the right man. Inquire at this Of
flee. 1903
For sale-20 yearling hens and 8
cockerels, thoroughbred s. c. White
Leghorns. Wickoff strain. Mrs. Tim
Driscoll. 10
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1914-01-02
TANGO GIRL
GAVE PASTOR
BUNNY HUG
SENATOR POMERENE ALSO
HAS HAIR MUSSED UP
AND IS SHOCKED

Canton, o., Jan. 2.-Prominent
Canton business and professional mer
who last night attended banquet
given by the Business Mems associa-
tiOn, at which q chamber of COM
merce was organized, had not recov-
cred today from a surprise on the
program, furnished by two cabaret
dancers, Ada and Josie weber OF
Cleveland.
AS the dinner neared its close the
dancers suddenly appeared. They
tangoed down the aisles between the
tables.
One coming up behind Unite
States Senator Pomerene, ran her
hands through his hair The senator
tried to smile away the incident The
other danced up behind the Rev. T
Wallis Grose, pastor of the First
Methodist church, and tried to kiss
him. The pastor dueked and avoided
the osculation.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1914-01-02
It PAYS TO ADVERTISE

The Lutz Dry Goods company had
a two page ad in The Leader on We'd
nesday evening, December 31st, and
this morning when a Leader repre-
sentative walked into the store to see
how things were going he was sim
ply amazed at the apparently WON
derful success of the sale-The Lead
er does not wish to take all the glory
FOR the result of this January Half
Price Clearing saie-the remarkable
reductions on winter goods-the thor
oughness in preparation and the un-
questioned integrity Of the Lutz store
are no doubt largely responsible, but
The Leader is the medium through
which the advertizing was done and
the Lutz management is very pro-
fuse in praises of The Leaders
splendid drawing power.
The Lutz store is an Institution of
which Guthrie and this paper are
justly proud. Their pay roll at the
present time being the largest one
in Guthrie.
Seventeen heads of families are
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1914-01-02
FIGHT TO Be MAOE AGAINST
INTERl0CK|MG DIRECTORIES
Western Union and American Ie|e.
graph Companies, Westinghouse
Concern, Among Them
(By Associated Press.)

New York, Jan. 2.--J. P. Morgan
and company today announced that
they had severed connections with
some of their greatest correspondents
in this country, among them the New
York Central and the New Haven
railroads.
The fir mannounced that the step
was taken voluntarily and In response
to the apparent change of public
sentiment on account of the prob
lens and criticisms concerning the
so-called interlocking directorates.'
members of the Morgan firm have
withdrawn from the directorates of
about thirty companies In all.
The companies withdrawn from in
cludle the Michigan Central and Lake
Shore Railways, Western Union,
American Telephone and Telegraph
company. Westinghouse Electric COM
pany and several large banks.
Recent political events such as the
'4noney trust" investigation and the
report now current that the present
national administration is considering
legislation against the interaocking
directorates system, has created a
situation that has made the change
Of policy possible.
Administration officials have known
for some days that movement was
on foot to separate the Morgan house
from some OF the larger directorates
in order to get in line with the wishes
Of the people and the spirit of the
times,s as set forth by President
Wilson. The firms participation In
the control of many corporations was
one of the principal points of attack
by the money trust" investigation.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1914-01-02
WOODWARD
LAND OFFICE
TO GUTHRIE
FEDERAL BUILDING TO BE
USED WHEN CONSOLIDA.
TION TAKES PLACE

From an unofficial, but thoroughly
reliable source, local democrats have
received word from Washington to
the effect that the department OF the
interior has decided to close the gov
ernment land office at Woodward and
tran sior all business to the Guthrie
Land office. The business at the
Woodward office has been rapidly de-
cllning, and 1t is now believed that
the new register and receiver OF that
office. j. Y. callahan and Joseph r.
Terrall, were induced to accept their
appointments with the explicit under
standing that they should be trans
ferred to Guthrie with the business
OF the Woodward office. This pan
would make the consolidated offices
more attractive to the new officials,
as neither land office was paying but
a very meager salary.
1T Is stated at Washington that the
plans for the addition to the Guthrie
federal building were prepared with
this end in view, as the extra fourth
story is to be almost entirely used
for the federal land office business.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1914-01-02
LU1z PRESIDED At
BOOSTER LUNCHEON;
ALL ENTHUSIASTIC

The first Chamber of Commerce
noon day luncheon for 1914 was held
at Burnett's cafe today and about Il
business and professional men of the
city were present.
f. o. Lutz presided and after the
excellent menu was disposed OF
made a brief Introductory talk full OF
optimism for 1914.
1t was good resolution day and in
teresting talks upon what Guthrie was
doing and should do; present condi-
tions and future prospects along
various lines were made by Ned Hol-
man, Dr. Sharp, VIM. Fielder, Rev. S.
J. White. ]. E. Douglas. John Golobie,
Ed Walton, Mayor Nissley and Judge
Dale.
The luncheon was really one of the
best held by the organization and the
get-together spirit was strong on ev-
cry side.
At the close Secretary Wenner an
nounced that the luncheon next
week would talk good roads and also
that nine new members had volun-
tarily joined the Chamber of Com
merce since the dawn Of 1914 leav-
ing but 81 needed to make the hun
dred necessary.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1914-01-02
NEW SCHOOL CODE
IS NOW EFFECTIVE
Many Changes Made in Statutes
Governing State Schools;
Became Law Jan. l

The new year, 1914, was welcomed
in Guthrie uproariously. The noise
of steam whistles, mingled with the
changing of bells and the firing CT
many shots.
Crowds on the streets Joined in the
frolc and tin cans and other noise
making apparatus attached to the tan
end of automobiles, helped to in
crease the noise
Watch parties were general
throughout the city and services
we're held at all churches. The tango
was danced and the jolllflcatlon
complete from many angles. The
waterwagon is abroad in the land to
dag and it is heavily laden.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1914-01-02
BACK FROM
TULSA; HAD FINE TIME

Guthrie and Logan county school
teachers returned yesterday from
Tulsa, where they attended the State
Educational Association meeting.
"One of the very best and most in
structiye meetings of the kind | ever
attended" said Miss Margaret Doc
little, who was on the program and
delivered an address. THE meeting
was unusually clean cut, no politics,
nothing but educational topics and
good speeches. Senator Gore made
splendid address on school statis-
tics as did also President Brooks oi
the State University. | would moi
have missed the meeting for any con-
sideration," she added.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1914-01-02
WILL TAKE R. R. VALUATION
IN LOGAN; COL. WATSON
HERE TO ARRANGE FOR It

Colonel A. F. Watson. member D.
the state corporation commission, "a
In Guthrie today making preparations
for taking the physical valuation OF
the several railroads entering and
trayersing this county. This is done
in defense OF the two cent passenger
rate ordered first by the corporation
commission and finally ratified by the
supreme court.
Colonel Watson has made a valu-
able member of the commission and il
has been greatly through his efforts
that the people of the state are now
enjoying the two cent rate.
Four appraisers will be named 10
take the valuation in this city and
county. 1t will require about ~ days
to finish the job.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1914-01-02
NEW TURN
MAY FREE
DR.. HYDE
KANSAS CITY PHYSICIAN,
CHARGED WITH MURDER,
TRIED FOUR TIMES y

Kansas City, Jan. "a plea to end
the prosecution of DR.. Hyde on the
charge of the murder of Colonel
Swope, was made before the county
court today by J. B. Shewalter an In
dependence attorney, who contended
that the courts agreement to pay the
expense of the fourth trial up to fiji
teen thousand dollars, had gone be-
yond the courts statutory rights.
IF the county counsellor decides
that Shewalter is right, Hydes trial
may be postponed indefinitely, or
called off altogether said one prom
inrnt judge.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1914-01-02
,
ANNIVERSARY CONvO.
CATION WILL Be UN-
USUALLY ELABORATE

iae anniversary convocation of the
so- ordinate bodies of the Ancient and
Accepted Scottish Rite OF Free Ma
ionry to he held in the Masonic
.emple during the week beginning
January 18th and continuing until
he 22nd will be the most elaborate
ever given. according to several c.in-
sistory members. Some surprises are
in store for the membership in the
way of musical treats.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1914-01-02
FEAR COMING PROBE;
HIGH FINANCE SCATTER
s u ~ ~ M q q ~ ~ M ~ ~ ~ - u
~ RULES FOR "a

l:X SUFFRAGETTES A
r. Chicago, Jan. 2-Designed to q
4: inspire and help Illinois suf- Y
| e; fragists in their work Of the 4
| ~ coming New Year these maxims 4
n were set forth today by Mrs. q
n Grace Wilbur Trout, president OF y
4: the Illinois Equal Suffrage as g
i; sociation: n
i: Let all women vote, even If q
sE they vote wrong. u
& do not condemn even foolish +:
"a activity. "
~ Anything is preferable to II
=: insane apathy. =;
~ at is more cheerful to be e
~ voter than a mere woman n
IL Don't grumble over corrupt =
g politics. Just vote. y
II Don't worry because the con- "a
s. stitutionality sof the Illinois &.
81 suffrage law has been attacked. =:
=. Have faith in the supreme court. =;
~ Equal suffrage will not shake e.
q the foundations of Illinois poll 4:
81 tics-not Immediately Women 4.
Il; are near relatives of men," II
a. ~ - ~ q as 4: 81 q 70 r. ~ 10 ~ "a
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1914-01-02
WANTED To
THROW HIM
IN LAKE
CROWD ALSO WANTED TO
LYNCH MOYER, SAYS
SHERIFF CRUISE
(By Associated press)

Lansing, Mich, Jan. "A telegram
to Governor Ferris from Sbreiff Cruise
of Houghton county, dealius with ING
alleged deportation of President Moy-
er, said that Deputy Hinsley had re-
ported to him that on the night OF
the alleged attack, the crowd had cor
nered Meyer in front of the Scott ho-
tel and had threatened to lynch Moy-
er and throw him into the lake.
Hinsley prevailed ON the crowd to
send Meyer away on the train, and
this they finally agreed to do said
Cruise
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1914-01-02
COUNTY CONAIssI0'
WILL N,y~a,l'

The board Of county ml
ers will NEE. next Monday mornnx
N regular month"; meeting. General
payment OF claims and routine busi-
ness VIII be DISPOSED of.
At the Monday meeting a success
sor to John Lenhart, the Spring
Greek township treasurer viii be
named. Lenhart has paid the county
back the amount Of his shortage and
the charges against him were dropped.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1914-01-02
LIMOS VISIT IS A
PROFOUND MYSTERY
81 II IL ~ "a " ~ ~ NJ III ~ as n 10 ~ "
N CLEAN KIDNEYS GIVE 4
II WOMAN LEASE ON LIFE 4

|N st. Louis. Jan. 2--An unusual II
" operation was performed at the \
n st. Louis City hospital yester- Il
y. day, 1t was learned today, when y
r. the kidneys of Mrs. Viola Sulli- 3
~ van were removed, drained of u
h. poison. and replaced. n
~ This Is the second time In the 4,
" history Of the American surg Il
N cry, 1t is said, when such an 4
IL operation has been performed. -
~ A similar operation was per- n
Y; formed at Bellevue hospital. n
II New York. Mrs. Sullivan's con- n
n dition was greatly improved to- II
i. day, and physicians think she 2.
II has an excellent chance OF re- II
~ covery +,
81 N n r. =. e r e q Y y w = a "
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1914-01-02
AN OLO GUTHRIE LANO MARK
DESTROYED BY FIRE

Another old Guthrie land mark
was put out of business this week
when fire gutted the old two story
frame building on West Harrison
formerly occupied by Wesley McGill
The building was erected in 1900
by Ed Kelly while he was member
Of the Guthrie police force. Kelly, who
is now general adiuster for the Rock
Island in Oklahoma still owns the
property
The damaged building has been
condemned by the city commissioners
and will be raZed.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1914-01-02
BY
IMPROPER
GRADING
OKLAHOMA FARMERS ARE
SHORT SEVERAL HUNDRED
THOUSAND DOLLARS

Washington, Jan. 2-Cotton plant
ers of Oklahoma lost several hun
dred thousand dollars last season
through improper grading of that
product, according to findings of the
department of agriculture. This loss
was figured on the basis of $4,000
which the department experts found
to have been sustained on one grade
alone through lack of knowledge of
the grading.
Between seventy and eighty gov
ernment experts are working in the
belt with view of getting informa-
tion as to cotton grading. I'VE have
on hand at least 10000 to $4,000 sam
pies of cotton" said Charles ]. Brand,
in charge of the office of marketing,
land we are getting this data to as
certain how much discrimination is
shown and how much loss there is
from failure to receive what the act
ual grade is worth"
The bureau of plant industry is try
ing to devise a more economical
method OF handling the cotton crop.
Cotton now is handled from two 20
seven times in its journey from the
planter to the mill, each handling
representing expense, added cost and
added reduction from the price tha
the farmer receives.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1914-01-02
THE PRESIDENT PLAYS GOLF;
| LIND STAYS on SNIP
Battle al Gates Of 0||naga Rages;
Federa|s Permitted to Cross
River 10 American Side
Cey Associated press.)

lass Christian, Mlss, Jan. 2.--Ths
ins stery enyeloping the visit Of John
Lind, continued today with the re-
fusal Of all who asked Information as
TO when or where President Wilson
would see him
t'ov Lind remained aboard the
scout cruiser Chester this morning,
'lhe reason for the secrecy II pn1
2llng the newspaper correspondents
who have flocked here.
President Wilson. following his
adopted custom since arriving here,
golfed during the morning
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1914-01-02

employed, which means II houses are
rented in Guthrie to employees of this
firm alone.
The January Half Price Clearing
sale is bound to be Il big success. 1t
could not help but be the way this
store sell their winter goods after
Christmas and The Leader wishes
them not only a successful sale but a
successful year.-4The Lutz stores be
lief in Leader advertising is proven by
I leir second double page ad in to-
nights paper TO which we direct your
attention.
49,
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1914-01-02
WORK TO BEGIN ON BIG
BRIDGE DURING JANUARY

County Commissioner l.. N. Oliver
today received positive assurances
that the bridge company. who the
county commissioners contracted
with to build the manmouth steel
bridge over the Cimarron north OF
Guthrie, would begin work this month
without fail The delay has been
caused by the scarcity Of steel and
the necessity OF using uncsual sizes
Of structural steel In the blildin~ or
theb ridge. all Of which must be
to order
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1914-01-02
MISSIONARIES JOB
IS A Big ONE
fBy Associated Press.)

Kansas City. Mo, Jan. PROF
Charles Henderson, of Chicago un!
ersity, addressing the student vol
unteer convention here today said
that missionaries must do more than
preach, that they should be prepared
to care for the sick teach boys, sys
tematize play. and even guide the
municipal and provincial lawmakers.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1914-01-02
Order Permits Refugees
to Cross River.

Washington, D. G.. Jan. 2.--lBrig.
Gen Bliss, commanding the Texas
border forces, was instructed ~
Secretary Garrison today to permit
the Mexican refugees to cross oyer
into Texas from Ojinaga II that was
necessary to save their HIVES.
4 The order instructs Gen. Hlisn "
''extend such aid 10 the woundsd wv
humanity indicates, and to permit ~
refugees to cross the river X th4y
are liable to be shot or otherwise ftl-
jrred on their return to Mexico. \ n
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1914-01-02
KILLED HUSBAND .,s.M ......
.''2 .'ss2 + T. ss.s ssso.ss',AFTERa QUARREL

Tulsa, Okla, Jan. 2.-Frank Stock
man, an employe of the Tulsa street
sweeping department was shot by his
wife New Years night and instantly
killed. A nine-year-old daughter
was wounded in the cheek by stray
bullet. The pair had been divorced.
The woman claims self defense. -.