davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-01-16
Women's $3.50 Robes at S1.9O
Extras J
$500 Eye Glasses at $1.OO


Eye Glasses and Speetacles,
with gold filled and finger-grip
mountings; fitted with A No. |
periscopic crystal lenses; value
$500, special at. " 49,. .$1.00
Examination free by our own
expert.
69c Alarm Clocks at Soc
Perfectly good Alarm Clocks
that will run thirty hours with
one winding; fitted with move
ments that are fully guaranteed
and lever and switch to shut off
alarm; we'll worth 69c, special
tomorrow at ..............5J c
Shears and Scissors at 29c
1000 pairs of Shears and Scis-
sors, made of all-steel; sizes in
clude 6, 6Lz, 7 and.8 inch; some
japanned handles and others
nickel plated; made to sell for
SOC to $i.00; tomorrow. .29c
75c Slipper Buckles at SOC
Slipper Buckles and Pins in a
variety of shapes in rhinestone
and jet; some have pins at
tached so they can be changed
to other shoes; we'll worth 75c,
special at .................50c
Earrings at 25c, 39c and Soc
French Pearl Button effect.
Earrings in a large variety of
sizes; for pierced or unpierced
ears; three prices, Csc, 39c 4 SOC
75c Layallieres at SOC
Sterling Silver Lavallieres,
with silver-plated fox tail
chains; worth 75c, special at soc
SOC Scarf Pin with Tie Clasp
Set at 25c
rs - c Pin and s,,1 Tie :
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-10-20
In Debt to the Indian

The American Indian, to whom tn
white man owes his yellow corn. has
now added another valuable item &c
the food supply. Investigators from
the University Of Arizonia have dis.
covered that the Tephry bean, which
haN long been cultivated by the Pima
and Papago Indians. gives wonderful
results as dry-farming crop. 1t will
yield, 1t Is said. from 700 to 1000
pounds to the acre, and In food value
1t equals any known article Of COM
MERGE.
In the semi-arid soil Of the reserva-
tons. the Indians for generations, by
a system Of rude canals. have raised
these beans on large tracts Of land.
The investigators also found varieties
Of pumpkins, corn and squashes that
have survived tho ancient Pueblos,
the race under whose husbandry they
originated, on lands where 1t has
been thought that such products could
not be grown; but tho most valuable
were the beans.
The Indians say that long a5o their
fathers found them growing wild in
the mountains farther south. Cen
turtles of cultivation has developed
types of the vegetable we'll suited to
extremes Of heat and drought. Forty
seven varieties have been developed
from the samples which the university
explorers brought back from the In
dams.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-10-20
SMALL FLOCKS PAY.

For the encouragement Of the farm
err who thinks keeping sheep would
be fine thing If he could carry on an
extensive business as is done on the
big western ranches, we quote Tex
as wool buyer, who says: 1T would
be great thing for the country If
every farmer owned small flock Of
sheep. I buy a great deal of wool at
points where there are no ranches
near, the produce being grown by the
farmers who keep small focks. I have
been often told by such farmers that
1t costs practically nothing to keep
sheep on farm. They require very
little feed. They eat the weeds in the
fields and at the same time they en-
rich the land. I find that the owners
Of small focks, as "a rule. keep bet
ter grade Of sheep and the animals are
healthier than are those Of the large
ranchmen, the woods from the farms
always CHASING higher than ranch
wools."
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-10-20
MUCH IS TO BE GAINED BY THINNING FRUIT

While the advantages Of thinning
fruit are recognized by all, neglect OF
thinning fruit Is more usual than the
opposite Some effective thinning Is
done at the time of pruning the tree
each spring, but this is not sufficient.
The best practice requires that the
peaches on limb shall not be closer
than four to six inches. This Will
mean knocking off from half to three
fourths of the peaches. Some who
practice thinning peaches reduce the
number of peaches still more.
The best time for thinning Is when
the peaches are about the size of
small prune, and after what is known
as the June drop"
The hired man, working on step
ladder, makes the cost of the thinning
of a medium tree about five cents.
The effect on the size of the remaining
fruit is astonishing, increasing the
salable value of the remaining fruit
sufficient to pay one thousand per cent
on the cost of the work of thinning, to
say nothing of the great saving to
the strength of the tree in reducing
the number of pits borne.
The flesh of the peach Is largely
water The greater draught on the
strength of the tree Is the production
of the pits. In thinning peaches we
reduce the number of pits Z to 80
per cent and almost or fully double
the size Of the peaches. It is better
to knock off some Of the peaches Of
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-10-20

tomorrow unless he feels growing
within him q spirit Of reverence for
his dairy cows.
Leaning for his support on these
material functions and seeking all the
while to increase the same, he should
never forget that 1t is out Of intelli-
gence and unself1shness Of his animals
that he Is being enriched.
So, every instinct Of humanity
should prompt recognition Of the un-
firing services Of these faithful ser
wants whose only thought is to yield
to the utmost In response to friendly
invitation.
Increase Of product and decrease
OF cost per pound is inevitable and
no man has determined the limit.
He who succeeds along the line Of
Matchmaking machinery will be he
who knows the machine most thor
oughly, believes in it most firmly and
respects it most truly.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-10-20
Kindness Necessary
to the Dairy Herd

Success in any undertaking rests
upon a few simple propositions. They
run pretty much as follows:
appreciation Of the details, ability ia
direct the energies and forces and
ability to dispose of the product.
Milk production, beyond natural
conditions belongs to the nervous tenn
permanent.
When tho possibility Of adding to
the normal Matchmaking powers was
assured the f1rst step taken was the
fixing of type in accord with functions.
Here was the initiatory step-here
the first crude rec ignition Of distinct
temperaments and their purposes and
out of this have come the breeds and
their abnormal development.
Man, all the while, has been the
dominating and controlling factor.
Today the extremes of milk and
beef type are before us. The cold
selfish on the one hand, storing every
of growth and fat, and the warm,
sympathetic, unselflsh, highly nervous
organism striving to- spend itself> for
the direct benefit of others.
Six thousands pounds Of milk yearly
makes the minimum limit Of indi-
vidual self-support.
Eight thousand to 10000 pounds
mark the range of possible profitable
production, the limit being an I'M
known factor.
For this great production there
must be the dairy type; the loosely
nervous organism, the
large barrel, the wide loins. large
udder. great flow Of blood and more
than all, the certainty Of intelligence.
Milk. and especially the butter fat
are the direct products of nerve force
and to be invited through intelligent
contact.
The COW and her owner must DO
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-10-20
TYPES OF FARM WELLS AND THEIR LOCATION

Nth from all those sources Of con-
tamination which it has been i'm
possible to remove or have been over
looked.
In the selection, location and sink
ing Of a we'll. it Is always good idea
to consider permanence in addition to
safety. This will depend on the kind
of we'll used, and one should be ac-
quainted with we'll types and methods
of sinking. The we'll should penetrate
to levels below that Of the ground
water surface in the dryest seasons.
Dug wells are generally circular ex-
cavations to feet in diameter. They
are adapted to localities where the
water Is near the surface, especially
where it occurs in clayey material and
requires extensive space for its con-
servation.
Bored wells are wells bored with var
ious types Of augers from 2 inches to
feet in diameter, rotated or lifted by
hand or horsepower. They are usually
lined with cement or tile sections with
cemented joints and often with iron
tubing. They are adapted to localities
where the water Is at medium depths
and to materials similar to those in
which open wells are sunk. Punched
wells are small holes usually less than
6 inches in diameter sunk by hand or
horsepower by dropping steel cylin-
der slit at the side so as to haul and
lift material by it's spring. They are
adapted to soils In which water occurs
within SO feet Of the surface, but not
at much greater depths. These wells
should be lined with tile, iron tubing
or sheetiron casing. Driven wells are
sunk by driving downward small iron
tubes. usually 1 Y to inches in dia-
meter. and provided with point and
screen. They gre especially adapted
for use in sand and similar porous
materials carrying considerable water
at slight depths, and are particularly
desirable where the upper soil is likely
to be polluted.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-10-20
Cream Tests

! There are many causes for the
variations sometimes found in cream
tests. Frequently would be a better
word to use than sometimes In con-
nection with this subject, for varia-
tons in the tests may always be
looked for. A few Of the causes are
here given.
If the milk Of herd Of cows whose
average test is per cent is sep
arated so that the cream tests 40
per cent and the milk suddenly drops
to 3.5 per cent Of fat, as will often
occur, the cream will then test only
S5 per cent The amount Of fat lost
In the skim milk Is not affected to
any appreciable extent by tho rich
ness of the milk separated.
One Of tho most common causes Of
variation In the test Of cream from
the farm separator Is a variation in
the amount Of water or skim milk
used for flushing out tho cream at
the end of the run. It Is apparent
that especially where a small quantity
of cream is separated, a marked diff
ference in the richness OF the cream
may be made by q change in the
amount Of water or skim milk added.
1t is an easy matter to vary pint
or more in the water or skim milk
used and this alone may easily
change the per cent of fat In tho
cream from 2 to s per cent. The Per
cent Of fat in the cream may be
readily changed. as Is well known. by
adjusting the cream screw.
The cream screw, however, Is not
changed very frequently and it is not
the common cause Of the variations
in the test which constantly occur
and which causes so much friction
between the buyer and seller Of
cream.
It seems reasonable to expect that
tho richness Of milk could be in
fiuenced by the character of the feed
given to the animals. However, 1t
has been thoroughly proved that for
all practical purposes It is impossible.
The richness of the cows milk de-
ponds upon inheritance and can no
more be changed permanently by the
feed than can the color of her hair.
If the milk cannot be changed in
richness by the feed It is clearly Inn
possible for cream to be influenced in
this way.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-10-20
Curing Meat

When meat Is cooled, rub each piece
| with salt and allow it to drain over.
night. Then pack It in a barrel with
the hams and shoulders in the bottom
using the strips Of bacon to fill in be-
tween or to put on top. Weigh out
for each 100 pounds Of meat pounds
of salt, pounds Of brown sugar. and
2 ounces Of saltpeter. Dissolve all
in gallons Of water, and cover the
meat with the brine. For summer Use
1t will be safest to boil the brine before
using. In that case it should be thor
oughly cooled before 1t is used. For
winter curing 1t is not necessary to boil
the brine. Bacon strips should remain
in this brine four to six weeks; hams
six to eight weeks. This is a stand
ard recipe and has given the best OF
satisfaction. Hams and bacon cured
in the spring will keep right through
the summer after they are smoked.
The meat will be sweet and palatable
if 1t is properly smoked, and the flavor
will be good.
Meat that is to be smoked should be
removed from the brine day before
being put into the smokehouse. If It
has been cured in strong brine, 1t
will be best to soak the pieces in cold
water over night, to prevent crust of
salt from forming on the outside when
it is drained. The pieces should then
be hung up to drain; then hung in the
smokehouse. All meat should be sus-
pended below the ventilators, and
should hang so that no two pieces
come in contact, as this would pre-
vent uniform smoking.
The smokehouse should be eight or
ten feet high and Of a size suited to
the amount of meat likely to be
smoked. Ample ventilation should be
provided to carry off the warm air, in
order to prevent over-heating the
meat. Small openings under the
caves, or a chimney in the roof, will
be sufficient, If so arranged as to be
easily controlled.
A f1re-pot outside Of the house
proper, with flue through which the
smoke may be conducted to the meat
chamber. gives the best conditions for
smoking. When this cannot well be
arranged, fire may be built on the
should be such as to allow the smoke
to pass up freely over the meat and
out of the house.
Brick or stone houses are best,
though the first cost is greater than If
they are built Of lumber. Large dry
goods boxes, and even barrels, may be
made to serve as smokehouses where
only small amounts Of meat are to be
smoked. The care Of the meat in such
substitutes Is SO much more difficult,
and the results SO much less satisfac-
tary, that a permanent place should
be provided, If possible.-Andrew Boss.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-10-20
Catch the Millers

have found new and better way
than to spray fruit trees-catch the
winged insects. About sunset when
the blossoms are falling, and again
two weeks later, I paint any old roof
with good brand of roof coating. or
coal tar paint, and set a bright Ian
tern In the middle Of the roof all
night. The curculio millers will come
to see the light and fall into the coal
tar paint. stick fast and die. In this
way I have caught brown millers,
white millers, lots Of them, and beetle
bugs. They nearly covered the roof
the first night and I get lot every
night
Set an open torch light or wood
fire in the cabbage patch all night
all summer and the cabbage millers
will fly into it and you will have no
worms on your cabbage.-Irving Ia
Der. Ohio, in Green's Fruit Grower.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-10-20
ends. Kindness and sympathy

friends. Kindness and sympathy
must, dominate every step.
Begin the education of the future
COW by educating the dam.
Take the calf in hand at once upon
birth and allow no fat to get a foot
hold and divert the dairy tendencies.
Grow with sole reference to future
services.
Begin early to handle and train and
never play with tho calves. Allow
no caretaker to have charge unless
he is in full sympathy with your pur-
poses and has large appreciation Of
the problem.
The channel Of nerve force must be
untrammeled and the seat of nerve
force. the brain. undisturbed and un-
der control, If the largest yield Is to
be forthcoming.
Dealing with the functions 50 alb
normally developed and yet TO be in
tensified, all conditions possible to af-
feet the production should be taken
into account.
The dairyman Of today will fall
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-10-20
Types of deep and shallow wells.

The farm well, especially shallow
hug we'll, should be located somewhat
above the barns. buildings. yards and
stock pens, or at least in such a posi-
ton that the surface drainage from
all possible sources of animal and
vegetable contamination is away from
the well. The location should also be
as far removed from these sources as
convenience will permit.
To properly safeguard wells against
outside contamination, first, all
sources of contamination should be
removed as far as possible. If local
conditions and prices will permit, 1t is
a good idea to provide impervious
floors with water-tight drains for farm
buildings and stock pens. Under the
same conditions concrete manure pits
might we'll be provided to not only
prevent the liquid manure from pol
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-10-20

loaded tree rather than allow the
tree to overbear, even If the thinning
must be done somewhat roughly.
On every side we see evidences of
the great advantages to be derived
from thinning fruit. In one case, the
results Of moderate thinning resulted
as follows: Peaches from Trimmed Ell
berta trees ran 40 to $50 peaches
to the bushel, while in the same or
chard, fruit from unthinned trees
numbered from ESQ to 272 peaches to
the bushel.
Peaches are gathered as soon as
ripening begins and before they have
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-10-20

plowed under. the plants decay vsey
quickly.
A ton Of hairy-vetch hay contains
about 80 pounds Of nitrogen, while the
roots and stubble, including tho
nodules. contain approximately one
fourth as much more. This makes Q
total yield Of 62.5 pounds (from one
fourth to three-fourths of which prob
ably comes from the air). which IL
equal to the nitrogen in AT pounds Of
nitrate Of soda. This, at $4,000 per
ton, is worth $1,000. Besides nitro
gen, vetch furnishes organic matter
which is valuable in improving tho
physical condition of the soil and In
making available the mineral elo-
ments Of plant food in tho soil.
Vetch will increase tho growth Of
following crop of cowpeas more than
a crop of cowpeas will increase q
crop Of vetch. Observation Of the
results and the percentage Of nitro
gen in the two plants indicate that
vetch Is superior to cowpeas in build
ing up the produetiveness Of the land.
A ton Of cowpea hay contains approxi-
mately only four-f1fths as much nitro.
gen as ton Of vetch hay.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-10-20

or mold has developed locally and
caused the formation Of lumpy adj
hesion on the inside of the shell.
Blood rings-Eggs In which the en-
bryo has developed to a sufficient ex-
tent so that it Is quickly recognized
when held before the candle. are in
cluded in this class.
Rots-This is the name applied to
eggs which are absolutely unfit for
food The black, white and spot rot
are included in this class Of eggs.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-10-20
The cabbage Snake"
BY F. SHERMAN, JR.

A slender. yellowish or whitish
worm (not thicker than a needle) Is
sometimes found in the heads of cab
bage, and of recent years there has
been good deal Of needless alarm
over them. AS a matter Of fact they
are not poisonous and do no harm
wha tever, and if they should be occa-
sionally eaten by accident with the
cooked cabbage no harm could result.
Chemical analyses Of the worms have
failed to show any evidences Of pois-
onous substances whatever.
Many efforts have been made to
trace definitely the rumors Of sickness
and death caused by eating cabbage
infested with these worms, but In
every case proof is lacking.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-10-20

luting the neighboring soil but to save
the manure. No garbage, manure, or
rubbish should be dumped into sinks
or basins in the immediate neighbor-
hood, and these should be fenced OF
and kept free from polluting matter.
The house should be provided with
some safe method Of sewage disposal.
while Stops and garbage from the kit
chen should be put into tightly COW
cred garbage cans and disposed Of BY
burying in the fields, burning or feed
ing to pigs. The use of privy vaults
and teaching or overlooking cesspools
should be absolutely avoided, since
they are likely to 10 sources Of tho
worst contamination. Every farmer
should become acquainted with tho
various types Of wells and tho best
methods Of protection, and the we'll
should be SO protected as to exclude
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-10-20
Gambling and sorting eggs.

From external appearance, eggs
can be selected for size. color, cleanli-
ness Of shell, and freedom from cracks
Ing in early spring when the eggs are
uniformly of good quality. Later In
the season the egg candle is used.
While any kind of a light may be
used. 16-candle- power electric lamp
Is the most desirable. The light is
Enclosed in box or tin cylinder, in
which are made openings about the
size of a half dollar. .The room being
darkened. the GAMBLER holds the egg
to the light. large end upward and
gives it a quick turn in order to view
all sides and to cause the contents to
whirl within the shell. To an expert
this process reveals the actual condi-
ton of the egg to an extent that the
novice can hardly realize.
Eggs are graded and sorted accord
Ing to the following qualities:
Fresh egg-An egg to be accepted
as a first must be newly laid, clean,
Of normal size, of even color, have q
strong, smooth SHE'LL and be free from
cracks.
The term Checks" applies to eggs
which are cracked but not leaking
Leakers-Is a name applied to eggs
which have lost a part Of their con-
tents.
Seconds-Are eggs which have dete-
riorated to sufficient extent as to be
rejected as f1rsts. They are, however,
of high enough quality to be used
for human consumption. Seconds in
clude heated, shrunken, small, dirty,
watery. badly misshapen and eggs
containing some slight forms of for
eign matter.
Spots-Are eggs in which bacteria
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-10-20
Select! Store, Test.

Save money by saving seed corn.
Make money by selling seed corn.
In tests. ears selected from the plant
yielded three bushels per acre moro
than those selected from the wagon.
which looked better and were larger.
So much for a study Of the mother
plant and its surroundings.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-10-20
thinning peaches the left 40 to $50 peaches
thnned fruit

become soft. An experienced picker
knows at glance when the fruit is
in proper condition. The fruit should
never be pressed with the thumb to
determine its ripeness. When gath.
cred the fruit Is taken at once to the
packing shed. where it is graded and
packed. The most rigid standards
should characterize. the asserting and
packing Of grades. One misshapen.
soft or understood specimen may spoil
the whole package. Any deception.
either intentional or otherwise, in the
selling Of the crop is sure at last to
bring loss.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-10-20

Treat the old horse kindly and con-
siderately. as you would an aged man
or woman, and do not expect him to
get up" as you would a two-year-old.
Their bones, muscles and joints be-
come stiff, just the same as yours Will
If you live long enough. Always be
doubly kind to poor old horse. Treat
him as you would like to be treated
If you were old enough to be a great
grandfather.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-10-20

The cabbage SNAKE" therefore, 80
far as being real danger is con-
cerned, is mere superstition. a
fake" apparently started by ignorant
or mischievous persons. AS matter
of fact the cabbage snake" is moth
ing but a worm, and is worm from
the time it matches from the egg until
it dies of old age. The minute details
of how the worm gets into the cab
bage heads and other vegetables can
not be gone into here, but the worm
is a well-known and well-recognized
member Of the animal kingdom, and
is known not to possess any poison.
nor to be imbued with any unusual
or mysterious power or effect.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-10-20
A Spiders Web.

The spider is so we'll supplied with
the silky thread with which 1t makes
Its web that an experimenter once
drew out of the body Of single spe-
cimen $3.50 yards Of the thread-a
length but little short of two miles.
A raorIc woven Of spiders thread is
more glossy than that from the silk
worms product. and is of beautiful
golden color.