davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1914-12-27
took just 100000 worth

United States took just $4,000 worth
of port.
Politically and commercially the poll
cy of Portugal for Il very long period
has been to keep under the wing of
England. The first reciprocity treaty,
which is known in the history of COM
merce the celebrated Methuen
treaty., was that between England and
Portugal in the beginning of the eigh
teenth century.
BY that treaty England gave prefer
entail treatment to Portuguese wines
over French wines. and Portugal gave
low tariff duties to textiles, in the
manufacture of which England had the
advantage over continental countries.
1t was a good international bargain for
both parties.
While commercial policies have varied
since the Methuen treaty, and while no
special preference is now shown Portu-
guese commodities, the friendly rela-
tion established two centuries ago IN
trade has not been broken. Germany,
few years back, negotiated com
mercial convention with Portugal, put
it did no harm to English trade.
Politically. Portugal doubtless has
felt that her commerce was safer un-
der a virtual British protectorate than
if she were going it alone. This feel
ing has always existed notwithstand-
Evening star., 1914-12-27

ing the absorption by England of a
large part of her colonial possessions
in the east.
Since the monarchy was overthrown
and the republic set up there has been
an even stronger disposition to keep
within the area of British influence.
This would itself explain the mobiliZa-
ton of PortugatS little army ITO be
kept in readiness to go anywhere and
the rumorS from time to time that the
country was about to engage in hos
tilities as one of the allies. The Por-
tuguese premier early in December
told the congress that the country had
acted in complete accord with England
since the war began.
Fear of GermanyS s colonial ambitions
would in itself be enough to keep
Portugal the side of the allies.
though in departing from neutrality
she would risk practically all of her
colonial possessions should Germany
come out of the war victor. Whether
nominal neutrality with no effort to
restrain her sympathies with the allies
would save her colonies, in the event of
Germany's success, is one of the many
uncertainties of the world war.
Portugafs colonial possessions as
they still exist recall the romance of
the era of discovery when the Portu-
guese navigators, some under their
own banner and some under the SPAN
ish flag. opened the pathways of the
unknown oceans. OF the gorgeous east
which Portugal was said to hold in fee
there remains today Goa. on the west
coast of India, and Macao. on the Chi
nese mainland. The other lands beyond
the southern seas, which were the
fruits of Nasco da Gama's voyages and
discoverie=, s1ie by one have passed to
other hands.
Yet Portugal may be considered a
fairly successful colonizing and ad-
ministrative power. The Portuguese
are good merchants and traders and
the home government does fairly we'll
by them in the way of colonial admin
istration.
Goa would offer little to Germany
and Austria except as q base on the
coast of the Arabian sea The Portu-
guest identity has been maintained
there in the midst of British overload
ship and native Indian neighbors.
Macao, rocky promontory that it is,
presents a different proposition. Senti-
mentally it is everything to the For
tuguese, since it was there that Ca
moens in his exile wrote the great
epic of Portuguese history in the
Lusiad, describing the glories of da
Gama's voyage. There is a monument
to Camoens at Macao.
Politically, the possession affords en-
ployment for a good many Portuguese
officials, and it may be that some rev.
enue over and above administrative
expenses is remitted to the home gov
ernment.
internationally, Macao is appreciated
by travellers in the far east who may
have been patrons of Monte Carlo. but
it's utility for this purpose is far
greater to the Chinese, who regard
gambling as a rightful Inheritance.
The small number of Portuguese and
the large number of Chinese who are
able to establish that their allegiance
is to Portugal and not to China is one
of the anomalies of Macao. The from
tier and masonry gate which separate
Evening star., 1914-12-27

be quite in keeping with Germany s
colonial policy to take Macao and seek
to create rival to Hongkong.
Portuguese possessions in Africa Of
prospective map changes. German
East Africa adjons Portuguese East
Africa. Portuguese West Africa, or
the Angola protectorate, adJoins Ger
man Southwest Africa. German colo
NAL expansion therefore would be easy
by means of absorption.
Portugal in the past has had to face
the prospect of the absorption of her
many Her great and good friend,
Great Britain, has been the prospective
absorber.
Rhodesia lies between the Portuguese
West and East African possessions.
The masterful imperialist after whom
Rhodesia is named never contemplated
his empire being shut in from the
ocean on the east and west and hav-
ing outlet onl: through Transvaal.
Philanthropic suggestions that the
Portuguese possessions would be much
better off as part of British Africa
were sometimes thrown out, but they
met with little response on the part of
the Portuguese.
:. i;
Africa, or Mozambique. as it is gen.
over by any victorious belligerent. 1t
totals, approximately. s20.o00.o0o, ex-
Guiding transit trade.
Sugar is the chief export, the value
being about s2,oOC.OO0 in ordinary
years. Oil seeds are also of some i'm
portance. particularly peanuts. Copra
is an important export. There is some
ivory. but the total is not large. Some
wheat is also raised for export, al
Trough wheat flour and cornmeal are
imported
Lorenze Marques is the chief port OF
Portuguese East Africa. The COM
mercial movement is considerable. The
Portuguese commercial feet is not large
in the matter of tonnage, although
there are many small vessels. British
ships, in the past, have done most OF
the merchant carrying, although the
Germans have had their share.
The Importance of Portuguese East
Africa is not, however, limited to its
own products. The mineral products
of a considerable section of the Trans
vaal find their way out through Its
ports, and that is one reason why Cecl
Rhodes looked to the expansion OF
Rhodesia to the coast. The exports Of
Transvaal coal alone exceed 100000
tons 1t is of passing interest tina,
the great coaling plant, through which
Evening star., 1914-12-27

of commercial activity. 1t amounts to
s34,0ooO0o. Out of this. sS,000.O00 is
through the port of Beira. and is con-
trolled by a chartered company. Prac-
tically all the remainder of the transit
trade is through Lorenzo Marques. Ger
many has above S6,0oo,0oo OF tn,s
amount, and England above Sl3.o0o,O0o-
The United States is credited WIN ap-
proximately S2,700,000.
The Importance OF the Portuguese
possessions as a gateway to commerce
of a large section of Interior AFRICA
was perceived years ago by an enter
prising American VINO cohtfactea win
the Portuguese authorities for the con-
struction of the Delagoa bay railway.
The history of this railway and the
controversy growing out of 1t are an
entertaining chapter in the romance of
great enterprises.
The Portuguese East African posses
sions are capable of considerable de-
velopment, particularly in the extern
sion of the sugar industry. There is a
native labor problem. which involves
the Transvaal and Rhodesia, but it's
solution doubtless will be found. The
province of Mozambique is said to re-
ceive a revenue of sl,5OO.ooo annually
from supplying labor to Transvaal.
The natural resources of the Portu-
Euese possessions are not, however.
the main value in the strategy of world
ambitions. 1t is the possession of the
coast line. with it's diverging routes to
the interior. The fact that the transit
trade through Lorenzo Marques
amounts to $25.000,000 out of total
commerce of $35,o00.000 is the evidence
of this.
Angola, or Portuguese West Africa,
has less strategic value and less pro-
ductive resources, although its wealth
of tropical products is great. Angola
not only adjoins German southwest
Africa and Rhodesia, but it's northern
frontier is contiguous with that of the
Belgian Kongo. Any readjustment OF
Belgium's colonial empire in Africa as
an outcome of the war would naturally
affect Angola.
The chief source of the export COM
Iuerce of the west coast is the cacao,
or chocolate bean, produced chiehy on
the island of San Thome. This enters
into the worlds supply of chocolate in
appreciable quantities. The trade is
kept largely in the hands of the Por-'
tuguese planters and the Portuguese
merchants.
Philan.hropic organizations in Eng
land which do not find matters enough
to occupy them at home at various
times have engaged in active agitation
Evening star., 1914-12-27

the accomplishments of most women
who rear families.
Mrs. Hardwick has had supervision
over three younger sisters. one or
whom is now specializing in music.
With the care of her daughter. now
pupil in 4 private school in Washing
ton, she has not had overmuch time
to give to either art or music. MISS
Hardwick is devoting her energies to
the perfection of French as her main
study. She will undoubtedly be debu-
tante during her fathers senatorial
term.
Mrs. Hardwick is devoted to athletics,
but confines herself chiefly to walking.
though extremely fond of horseback
riding. An accident few years ago
spoiled that diversion for her for q
time, at least, and now, at every op-
she takes long trans in
all kinds of weather. Three and half
miles is the limit and that is usually
taken across country along unbeaten
paths that make that much of walk
much more fatiguing that if taken
along the smooth highways.
True to her southern upbringing,
Mrs. Hardwick is versed In all of the
arts. She is a famous
whose hospitality is well
known to a wide circle of friends. both
in Georgia and in the capital. where
she has resided more or less during
the dozen years of Mr.. Hardwick's
service in the House of Represent
atives.
Evening star., 1914-12-27

the Portuguese port and city from the
Chinese territory hardly can be said to
separate two races or two civilizations,
because everything on both sides is
predom1nantly Chinese There are S0.-
900 Chinese and few hundred Portu-
guese.
commercially. Macao has lost the i'm
portance it neid Tor centuries as a
trading port. Directly across the es-
tuary, it is only forty miles from Can
ton. but by the ordinary route of navi-
cation it is eighty miles. 1t is STRAIT
egically in an excellent position for
commerce, but the harbor has not been
kept dredged as it might have been.
The rise of Hongkong has been coin
cident with the decline of Macao as a
commercial port. Hongkong is an Eng
lish possession. Should Portugal get
into the war as one of the allies. and
should the allies be beaten, it would
Evening star., 1914-12-27

It ought to represent TO us the acme
of desirability in all that we use and
wear.
Begun from patriotic motives. it
would soon become a habit, and as
result, the products of our factories
and artisans would rise to the most
exacting demands made OF them IN
quality and artistic result. With
every one who could afford it rushing
to Paris or demanding foreign-made
goods, our own producers have not had
the incentive to creative competition
Mrs. Hardwick, like her husband, was
born in Georgia. Her birthplace was
in Burke county, and her name was
Miss Maud Perkins. She comes of
revolutionary ancestry. though she has
never affiliated herself with the D. A.
r. Her parents and also those of Mr..
Hardwick were Maryland people Her
father served with distinction in the
Confederate army, and she reveres his
service through her activity in the
United Daughters of the Confederacy.
Like most southern girls, she was
educated at home by governesses and
tutors until of an age to enter the
collage at Atlanta, from which she
graduated. Those were not the days
of specialization, but she spent much
study on music and painting, both Of
which she has kept up In the desui-
tory manner that is characteristic Of
Evening star., 1914-12-27

against what is alleged to be virtual
slavery in Angola. The latest phase
of the movement was to endeavor to
prevent the consumption of cacao from
the Portuguese possessions by the
English chocolate factories
Portuguese officials bitterly resented
this agitation, yet it has been admit
ted that there are grave abuses in the
treatment of native labor. although
Portuguese colonial administration in
this matter perhaps is no worse than
that of other European countries
which have African possessions.
Portugars present colonial posses
sions are not confined to Africa and
Macao and Goa, if the Azores and
Madeira and Cape Verde are to be con-
Sidered as colonies.
Travellers to Europe who take the
Mediterranean route usually nave the
Evening star., 1914-12-27

the bulk of the cargo is handled, was
put up by an Ohio firm.
The United States has had small
trade in Portuguese East Africa, al
though it's only purchases there have
been mangrove bark. 1t has supplied
mineral oils to the value Of nearly
81 900, 900, and also has sold consider
able quantities of flour. An excellent
market for agricultural machinery has
been obtained. Two years ago Ameri-
can mills entered the field in competi-
ton with the German mills to supply
steel rails for the government, and got
the contract.
Germany has had very fair share
of the business, her sales falling little
below those of England. Portugal her
self sells to these possessions about as
much as England does
The transit trade is the real measure
Evening star., 1914-12-27

soil, and the cheapness of the negro
labor, which is superior to that of the
foreign labor in view of the fact that
the latter have to become acclimatized.
"At present the people of the south
are confronted with the care of the un-
employed labor class, whose means OF
sustenance depends upon the activity of
the mills and the sale Of the crops of
the farmers. Right in our own home
town, which is a comparatively small
place, and where most OF our charity
work is done through the churches. peo-
pie are applying for help who never be
fore in their lives We're obliged to ask
for charity.
1.-THE same condition is prevalent in
the mill localities and is bound to be-
come more acute the winter comes
on, unless a way is found to relieve the
situation. Bales of cotton stored up in
one can sell them they become burden
like everything else for which there is
no demand.
But concluded Mrs :Hardwick. this
is difficulty whose proportions can be
appreciated only by the people of the
south. And it is likewise a problem
whose best and most satisfactory solu-
ton can be worked out only by the peo-
pie to whom it is d vital concern. Con-
gress really could not be expected to
furnish the answer. People of other sec
tions of the country cannot be expected
to share our losses or shoulder our re-
sponsibilties. do not believe the think
ing element in our section really want
them to. AS far as I am any judge,
we want them all to buy our cotton, and
in return we will spend as much of our
money on northern products as we pos
sibly can.
mo. do not ask me about the war;"
answered Mrs. Hardwick, positively.
Il am in that as 1 am in politics, to
much given to partisanship. But there
is one thing the United States can
learn most profitably rom this war
and that is to be more Independent of
foreign goods. We women, especially,
should make it a serious duty to see
that our purchases bear the mark OF
American firms. Made in America
ought to be good enough for US all.
Evening star., 1914-12-27

F14E recent election brought forth
crop of surprises of varying
degrees of pleasure and disap-
q pointment to the participants, but
the initial experiment of the method OF
the election or senators by the people
seems. by its swiftness of procedure and
sureness Of result, to have given the
country at large an abundant cause OF
thankfulness.
Hence Georgia steps up foremost in
fine to join hands in mutual congratu-
lation with the social and official cir
eles of Washington over the moving up
of Representative Thomas William
YIardwick to the upper house of Con-
gress-
Il
The comforting of the senatorial toga
opon her husband has not disturbed the
customary serenity of Mrs. Hardwicks
routine whatsoever. OF course, she Is
proud of his success, but not whit
more proud of him than she has always
been, nor does she give any evidence
of feeling impressed with the new dig
nifty. Though she says not a word upon
the subject, it is quite plain that with
true wifely loyalty she is satisfied that
in this position the honors will be pret-
ty equally divided.
lrs. Hardwick, with her pretty drawi
and gracious hospitality of manner. is
typically southern. Being a native
Evening star., 1914-12-27

ued Mrs. Hardwick, impressively; no
one can fail to be interested In a mat
ter of such grave concern to the peo-
pie of the south and one which still
remains 4 serious problem to be set
tied in some way.
DO 1 think the various movements
to promote the sale of cotton produc-
tive of real help? Certainly, they are
the most worthy sentiments: but, TAX
EN- altogether with their best efforts.
they cannot create a demand that Will
dispose of the seventeen million bales
that comprised the last crop.
with such an enormous crop as this
the price of cotton would have been
low even if the European war had not
closed such an extensive market TO
US: and even if the cotton farmers are
tided over the present depression the
situation will be the same another
year with the production of crop as
enormous as this last one has been
so" with deprecatory smile. the
cotton growing of our section is a big.
vital problem, which is not going to
be any simpler of solution unless the
acreage is reduced; and that IS view
of the subject upon which there is
great difference of opinion among our
people.
There was a movement started in
our state to get the legislature to
enact legislation which would reduce
the acreage to a specified amount, but
the people opposed 1t, so it fell through.
Though, at first thought, such a plan
seems to encroach upon the rights OF
the individual. if it is better for the
community at large it ought to be
adopted as a general good. Reducing
the acreage does not mean reducing
a mans profits necessarily; from my
point of view quite the contrary would
result"
What would the farmer do with
the ground he did not plant In cotton
if the size of the crop was reduced?"
Mrs Hardwick was asked.
PLANT food crops, of course, and sup
ply the things we have to buy from
other sections she replied. Il never
have believed that the south raised
enough foodstuffs, and she has so many
advantages that should carry weight
in tks consideration of it. There is
the climate. and the quality of the
Evening star., 1914-12-27

opportunity to stop at Ponta Delgada,
on st. MichaeFs, which is the chief port
of the Azores. 1t is quite an interest
ing place with a people in many re-
spects more quaint and picturesque
than those on the mainland.
The Azores lie a little more than
three -fourths of the way across from
the United States. Germany might want
to pick them UP as an Atlantic outpost,
if she should emerge victor. Or she
might not think it worth while.
There is a fair amount of trade at
st. Michaefs The total commerce ap-
proximates s4,OoO,OOO, with the imports
Evening star., 1914-12-27

h watchful waiting. 4 colonial
empire is at stake.
The extent to which present-day Por-
tugal is colonial power is not gen
orally appreciated. Medieval churches
and picturesque people please the tour
list in peaceful days. He gives only a
passing thought, If he thinks at ali, of
Portugal factor in world trade
But the country has been such factor
for centuries. The ministry of the
colonies is one of the most important
portfolios.
Students of international commerce
at the present time look only to Portu-
gals supply of corks and cork-wood,
ores, sardines and port wine. These
are important enough in their way, al
though the quantity of port wine for
export is not SO large as is generally
assumed. The Official statistics are
proof of this statement, notwithstand-
ing that enormous quantities OF port,
so-called, are sold in the United States
and other countries. The quantity of
port sent abroad ranges from 1,oov,Ouo
gallons upward, with a value OF more
than s6,00V,000. In recent year the
Evening star., 1914-12-27

She Thinks Various Movements to Promote Sale
of Cotton Are All Worthy Projects, but That
Taking Them All Together, With Their Best
Efforts, They Cannot Create Demand That
Will Dispose of the Seventeen Million Bales
That Comprised the Last Crop-European
War Closed Great Market
Evening star., 1914-12-27
CHATEAU PENAHA At CINTRA.


People of the South Are Confronted With the
Care of Unemployed Labor Classes, Whose
Means of Sustenance Depends Upon Activity
of the Mills and the Sale of Crops-Mrs.
Hardwick a Devotee of Walking. and
Famous Housekeeper-Her Ideas of Wom-
ems Clubs.
Evening star., 1914-12-27

thing else; but she is even more south
ern than many women whose birth
places are just as deep in Dixie's midst
as her own. She represents, in her
makeup. all of the ideals that tradition
and custom for generations placed in
the character of the mothers and
daughters of the south, with the addi-
tional progressiveness of the present
day.
But Mrs. Hardwick is progressive only
in the sense of being in tune with the
times, from the standpoint of the stu
dent and observer rather than that of
the active worker. No clubs. outside of
the Congressional in Washington and a
literary study club in her home town,
Sandersville, Ga, claim her member
ship
She converses ably and convncingly
upon the important questions of the
day. keeps abreast of politics, for she
is a strong partisan, and follows every
vital move in the live issues of the
present.
Evening star., 1914-12-27
ugaPs Colonial Empire and the European Wa

Historic Policy Keeping Under Engnds Wmgmance the Colonies Which Still
India and Macao ChnVe of Potugal African Pos
ssn-Mozamque AngaAzoe Madeira
fM
Evening star., 1914-12-27

Relative TO her absorbing interest in
politics she recently remarked:
I never could understand why peo-
pie are not fully as deeply interested
in the daily living history of the world
as they are in that of the past. 1t
seems to me that it should appeal to
us much more strongly if for no other
reason than that of the uncertainty of
each days developments and the prob
able effect upon our own lives.
Evening star., 1914-12-27
BY CHARLES M. PEPPER.

. ORTUGAL'S moves in the war
W game are matched by Germans
watchful waiting. \ colonial
Evening star., 1914-12-27

It ought to represent to us the acme
of desirability in all that we use ana
wear
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1914-10-29
WHAT'S THE USE

hanging on to od-time, old-fog-
gy" hand-mixed paint, that will
soon chalk off and discolor.
when you can get
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1914-10-29
NOTICE OF ELECTION

Whereas, the Honorable ]. E..
Bussard, elected as com missioner for
for the First ward of the City of
Lakeland, Fla. for the term begin
ming Jan. l, 1914, and ending Dec
81, 1915, has rendered his resigna-
tion to the city commissioners and
MS resignation for the said office
was accepted by the city commits
sioners at the meeting held Oct. 49,
1914 causing a vacancy for the un-
expired portion of said term, NOW
THEREFORE,, in pursuance of tho
power and duty vested in me as
chairman of the city commissioners
under the charter and ordinances Of
the said city, BE 1T KNOWN that
an election will be held in the First
ward of the City of Lakeland for
the election of a city commissioners
for the said ward to fill the unex-
pired term above mentioned. on the
18th day of Nov. A. D., 1914.
o. NJ. EATON, Chairman.
Attest:
II. L. sWATTs. City Clerk. 3s44