davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Alma record., 1914-08-20
BIG CLEANER DAY AUGUST 21.

Alma Park in the city of Alma on
August 21, is the time of the big
Cleaner and Farmers Basket Picnic.
Everybody welcome. Companion John
Livingston, president of the Cleaner
order. will give the afternoon address.
Farmers, you should hear Mr.. Living
ston talk. 1t will be of interest to
you. There will be a program of
sports, singing and speaking, COM
mencing at 1880 p. m. Miss Lucy Bel
lomay, an elocutionist from Detroit,
will be on the program.
VIM. HARRIS.
District Overseer.
Alma record., 1914-08-20
FREDERICK c. MARTINDALE
Candidate Nomination for Republican
To the Voters of Michigan

Fellow Citizens:
glad address this direct greeting
of Michigan regarding my candidacy
publican nomination
You have at different times honored with confidence
and entrusted with political
been highest endeavor faithfully discharge
feel you will look upon my past of
make The best give that he will do well
the things entrusted his that he well the
smaller things
willing all times and all questions the
judgment of the official conduct the has
with your approval ask your the Republican
nomination
attend the primary August 25th and
that that will
be appreciated.
Sincerely yours
Political adv. FREDERICK c. MARTINDALE.
Alma record., 1914-08-20

Here Is linen thin enough to be
cool and exquisite in its color Of ber-
muda pink. braided with white cotton
braid and trimmed with crochet but
tons and the inevitable collar. The
coat is In the directoire mode, which
is showing itself again this season. A
dainty hat of white tagal and pink
flowers and button boots Of white buck
and what is more summery?
Alma record., 1914-08-20
Last Good Opportunity
to See
G.. A. r..

The Forty-eighth Annual Ma
tional Encampment of the Grand
Army of the Republic will be held
at Detroit, August 81 to September
), 1914, and the Citizens Commit
tee on arrangements has prepared
an elaborate program for the enter
tainment of the honored veterans
of the nation. This may be the
last opportunity that Michigan peo-
pie will have of cheering the sur
vivors of the great conflict-certain-
ly it is the most opportune occasion
Attend the Big Parade
Wednesday, September 2
The Pere Marquette railroad will
afford the most convenient service
from all Michigan points, For full
particulars consult your nearest
Pere Marquette ticket agent.
w. t. WOLFENDEN,
Feneral Passenger Agent
Alma record., 1914-08-20

Robert Hamp of st. Louis was in
the city Monday.
Alma record., 1914-08-20
Sumner Township.

Survey made May Il and 2, IyI4
by c. II. Redman, under direction of
County Drain Commissioner f. w.
Redman.
Specifications.
(1) Station stakes and grade hubs
are set every rods, excepting be-
tween Stations 81 and so, which has
So rods. Stakes are numbered con-
secutively from at outlet to the up
per end. They are placed 16 feet to
to the right of the center line of drain
from to 25, inclusive; 16 feet left of
center from 26 to 46 and 16 feet right
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-03-07
Amateur Actress Enjoys Excellent
Record in All Branches of
College Work.

Miss Katherine Dawes, an Atlanta
girl, made picturesque figure in In
dian costume at a masquerade ball
given by the Mu Phi Epsilon Soror-
ity at Brenau College. Gainesville.
Miss Dawes has gained an enviable
reputation as an amateur actress.
Miss Dawes is the daughter of the
Rev. Joel 7. Dawes, formerly presid-
ing elder of the Atlanta Methodist
District. She is one of the brightest
girls in the Brenau community and
takes leading part in all college ac-
tivities. She is interested in ath-
letics, stands high in her literary
studies, and is a member of the Y.
w. C. A. cabinet.
In addition, she is a member of the
Cushman Dramatic Club and takes
part in the college dramatics, her lat
est appearance being in "The KEEP
tomaniac"
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-03-07
Suffrage Leaders
OF Nation Start on
TripThroughDixie

NEW YORK, March Suffrage
campaigners, who will try to arouse
the women OF the South to activity in
favor of votes for women" left this
city to-day for Birmingham, Ala,
where the first of series of South
ern conferences will be held. From
there they will so to Atlanta.
Those leaving were Mrs. Mary
Ware-Dennett, secretary Of the Ma
tional Woman Suffrage Association;
Miss Caroline Rutz- Rees. vice presi-
dent of the same organization, and
Mrs James Lee Laidlaw, auditor.
Mrs. Stanley Mccormick will join the
party in Washington. Miss Jane Ad-
dams, of Chicago, viii meet the party
in Birmingham. DIR. Anna Shaw had
planned to go, but was prevented by
an injury.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-03-07
SLASHED SKIRTS
To KNEE NEW
PARIS FAD
."Made-0ver" Last Years Gowns,
Sky-BIue Shoes, CoIored Wigs
Worn at Races.
Special Gable to The Atlanta Georgian.

Special Gable to The Atlanta Georgian.
PARIS, March Cut off the col
lar of your last years afternoon
gown, rip open the front of the bodice
and fill in the gap with a white pique
waistcoat with a V-shaped opening
as low as the waist, slash the skirt up
the back as high as the knees and you
VIII nave a iperfect 1914 gown for
races and other smart outdoor func
tons
This eXaggeration appears to have
been adopted by many elegant women
who crowded the paddock at Auteuil
for the first big races of the season.
A few women went so far as to
omit sleeves altogether under the
toreador silk capes, which were m
troduced at the Auteuil opening
meeting a fortnight ago.
Sky Blue Boots.
Poiret boots of sky blue leather
and other equally brilliant shades
were also much in evidence.
Mile. Marcelle Praince, the popu-
lar stage idol, displayed decollete
calves with Greek sandals She kept
| the cameras busy.
Apart from these extremes, which
fashion experts say are only tentative
experiments before the final models
| lot the season are Selecleu, lne meet
| ings are remarkable for the introduce
| ton for afternoon wear of colore1
wigs, revival of the blue serge skirt
and especially for a startling attempt
to launch frilled pantalettes Of fine
linen with alencon lace. which were
worn with a short crinoline skirt.
Regarding Hats.
The whole scheme of this costume
was most faithfully carried out. The
maternal was old-fashioned silk with
small roses and an 1880 bonnet tied
under the chin.
Regarding hats, although every
body is wearing exceedingly small
shaI es, practically no aigrette plumes
are to be seen. According to expert
authority, this Is only passing phase.
Later in the spring paradise and
osprey feathers may again hold sway.
! A real novelty in perfectly good
| taste is a tailor-made suit Of finest
blue serge with long overskirt
reaching almost to the ankles, either
full or pleated, giving the impression
of hoopskirt. At first glance the
costume looks like a coat and skirt,
but in reality it is one-piece gown
with very high waist.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-03-07
BIC bible MEETING
is SET FOR SUNDAY
Atlanta Conference To Be Given
Fitting CIose-Dr. COhern
Will Speak,

A big mass meeting is planned for
Sunday afternoon at $3.50 at the Bap-
fist Tabernacle as closing feature
of the Atlanta Bible Conference. DR..
Camden M. Cobern, of Meadville, Pa,
will address the meeting.
DIR. Cobern was the principal speak
er at the session which opened early
Saturday afternoon and spoke in in
teresting terms on recent archaeo-
logical discoveries in Egypt and Pal
estine His talk concerned interpre-
tation of papyri and and inscriptions
which throw light on the incidents
and times of New Testament char
acters.
Among these finds was a copy of
the Talmud, translated in colloquial
vernacular Greek of the first CEN
fury. DIR. Cobern said few scholars
had been able to read the Talmud,
because it was translated by Hebrew
scholars who were inimical to Chris
tianity.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-03-07
Mrs. G. P. Gilman's
Six Rules for Love

1--GRATlTuDE, based on bene :.
fits received most frequently
shown by the child toward it's
parent.
2-FRlENDsHIP, based on SYM
pathy--that which is shown to-
ward a chum.
3--ADM | RATION, which repre-
sents sort of alteration or wor-
ship, especially toward those who
can do something better than we
can.
4-UsAGE, including love Of
home and country.
5--5ENEvoLENcE, which de-
sres to serve and do good.
6--sEx ATTRACTION.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-03-07
PERSONAL

Miss Irene Watson has returned
home after spending the winter in
New York studying esthetic dancing.
Mrs. Mary S. Foster, of New Brit
ain, Conn, is visiting Mrs. Walter I.
Stanley at No! Is Prado, Ansley Park.
Miss Mamie Harrison, OF Opelika.
Ala. is visiting Mrs. w. I. Dunn m
Ansiey.
Miss Paula Garrison, of Houston.
Texas, is visiting Misses Tommie and
Marion Perdue, and is being rendered
series of informal parties.
Mrs. Van wilkinson. Mrs. William
Larned and her sister. Mrs. Charles
Thomas, of Springfield, Ohio, have
returned from New Orleans.
Miss Emily Robinson will be ten
dered dancing party Saturday eve
ming by her grandfather, Captain
James w. English, which will be one
of the happiest events of the week.
Fifty boys and girls will be entertain :
ed in the ballroom of the Ponce De-
Leon Apartments.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-03-07
W0MEN,y NlHW~THE SOCIAL WORLD
FRIENDS SAY G00D-BYET0
GRANTS AT D|NNER-DANCE

The dinner-dance at which Mr.. and
Mrs. Morris Brandon entertained Fri
dav evening at their home on PAGES
Ferry road was one of the most de-
lghtful affairs of the week. The par
* was arranged in honor of Mr.. and
Mrs. John w. Grant, who will leave
Atlanta next week to spend two or
three months abroad, and the guests
included a group of friends who were
given the opportunity to say good
bve to this popular couple.
covers were laid for twenty eight
at a large round table beautifully APP
nointed and carrying out in detail a
rolor scheme Of yellow and white
Quantities of jonquils, grown by Mrs.
Brandon in her extensive gardens sur
rounding the residence, filled crystal
baskets placed at intervals on the
able and tied with lavender and blue
ribbons. The place cards were hand
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-03-07
MRS. C.P. GILMAN
|. LAUDS DIVORCE;
DEFINES LOVE
Feminist Writer Says Custom Of
Separating Marks Higher
Marriage Ideals.

NEW YORK, March six varie-
ties of love were defined by Mrs.
Charlotte Perkins Gilman, leading
writer on the feminist movement, in
a lecture before large and fashion
able audience at the Hotel Astor.
There is Love No. H. said Mrs
Gilman. (which represents gratitude,
that which is shown. for instance. by
a child toward it's parent in return
for the benefits bestowed upon II.
Love No. is that represented in
friendship based on sympathy.
Love No. is that founded on ad-
miration, which may lead to an ado
ration or worship for those who
are able to do the things that we can
not do.
Love No. represents usage--in-
GLIDING the love of home and country
patriotism.
Love No. is represented in be-
nevolence, which means service, devo-
ton, one of the strongest and noblest
kinds Of love.
Love No. is represented in sex
attraction, which merges into the
greatest of all loves-the one which
is destined to regenerate and save
humanity--mother love.
Isn't it strange that while we have
so many statues of Cupid, with his
bow and arrows, that we have no
statutes of mother love?" asked Mrs.
Gilman.
Following this part of her lecture
Mrs. Gilman took up present-day
marriage and then divorce.
Divorce, which is excessive in this
country" she said, does not neces-
sarily mean a lower morality nor does
IL means a restless people. Divorce is
one of the marks of growth in the
civilized world; people are exacting
more of one another 1t means a
demand for a higher ideal in mar
riage.
divorce also often means that one
of the partners in marriage has grown
or progressed with greater speed than
the other, or that one has progressed
with greater rapidity, but along diff
ferent lines, and grown apart In sym
pathv and understanding.
I'VE are looking toward higher
marriage ideals. The fact that a
large majority of divorces are OBJ
tained by women proves nothing, ex-
cept the generosity on the part OF
men In permitting them to get de-
cree. In many cases the woman is
to blame, and the man. though an
innocent party. allows her to get 1t.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-03-07
Credit Men to Hear
Visitors at Banquet

Three officials of the National
Credit Mems Association arrived in
Atlanta Saturday for their annual
visit to the Atlanta Association Of
Credit Men, and Saturday night will
be rendered a banquet by the local
association at the Hotel Ansley.
The visitors are F. r. Salisbury, OF
Minneapolis, president of the national
association; Charles e. Meek, of New
York, first vice president. and A. G:
Carpenter. of New Orleans, a direc-
tor. Each of the three guests Of
honor will deliver an address at the
banquet on business conditions. Sec
rotary Harry T. Moore, Of the local
association. announced Saturday that
the banquet win begin promptly at
ego O'Clock.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-03-07
DANDRUFF SURELY
DESTROYS THE HAIR
Makes It Dull, Brittle,
Lifeless, and Causes
It to Fall Out.

Girls--if you want plenty OF thick.
beautiful, glossy. silky hair, do by al
means get rid OF dandrun, for It Will
starve your hair and ruin 1t II you don't.
II doesn't do much good TO try 10
brush or wash II out. The only sure
way to get rid Of dandruff is TO dissolve
IL, then you destroy II entirely. To do
this, get about four ounces of ordinary
LIQUID arvon; apply IL at night when
retiring; use enough to molsten the
scalp and rub it I'm gently with the finger
tips
dandruff will be gone, and three or four
more applications viii completely dis
solve and entirely destroy every single
sign and trace OF II.
You will find, too. that all itching and
digging OF the scalp will stop, and your
hair will be silky. fluffy, lmstrous, soft,
and look and feel a hundred times bet
ter. You can get liquid arvon at any
drug store. II Is inexpensive and four
ounces Is all you will need. no matter
how much dapdruf you have. This
simple remedy never fails Adyt-
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-03-07
Labor Leader Off to
Reorganize Africa

Special Gable to The Atlanta Georgian.
LONDON, March THE most en-
thusiastic send-off ever given a de-
parting labor leader was to-day ac-
corded Tom Mann when he sailed for
South Africa to reorganize the labor
forces in that country. Mann is one
of the most influential labor leaders
in Great Britain, and has practically
had charge of the recent big strikes.
Following the recent railroad strike
in South Africa and the deportation
of a number Of strike leaders. the
trades union forces in that country
became disorganiZed.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-03-07
DR.. Shaw, Hurt, Calls
Off Suffrage Talk;
Notwithstanding

Anna Shaw will be the big speaker
March IL and IL in the great suffrage
meetings in Atlanta.
DR. Shaw, president of the Nation
al Woman Suffrage Association, has
announced that owing to an injury
suffered in a recent accident, she viii
be unable to fill her Southern en-
gagements, and that Miss Adams,
first vice president of the organiza-
tions will take her place.
Miss Adams will weak at Bir-
mingham during the conference there
March and 10, and at the Atlanta
conference March IL and ~.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-03-07

painted in quaint little figures, and
the silver candelabra held yellow ia
pers, tipped with yellow shades. The
ices, cakes and bon bons were yellow
ana white, and the pretty color
scheme was introduced in many de-
tails of the elaborate menu served.
The dinner was followed by dancing
Tor which an orchestra provided mu-
sic. The latest steps were danced,
Mr.. and Mrs. Brandon being among
the most graceful and skillful dancers
and the guests enthusiastic dancers
as well.
The entire house was decorated in
hundreds of jonquils, and there were
handsome palms and foliage plants
grouped in the corners of the rooms
Mrs. Brandon wore dancing gown
of white silk, draped in lace, with
touches of pink on the corsage.
Mrs. Grant wore shell pink taffeta,
with draperies Of chiffon.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-03-07
Asheville Mourns
Vanderbilt'S Death

AsHEvILLE. N. C., March All
Asheville is in mourning to-day over
the death Of George w. Vanderbilt.
The flags on all public buildings are
at half-mast and all civic and COM
mercial organizations have passed
resolutions of sympathy for his fam
lily
The deceased has been one OF the
greatest factors in the upbuilding Of
chased the Biltmore estate in 1889
Many residents of the estate left to-
day to attend the funeral services in
New York.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-03-07
Boy Who Slew Woman
Is Sane, Experts Say

LAPORTE, IND, March Fol
lowing the report to-day of the COM
mittee appointed to determine the
condition of mind of George Ullery,
IL that no trace of insanity could be
found the boy who is resigned to his
fate, will plead guilty Monday to the
murder of Mrs. A. Dayhuff, of Fair
land, and accept a life sentence.
Ullery read of the shooting OF
Druggist Fink, of South Bend, and
fired by love of sensationalism, en-
tered the store of the aged woman
and killed her, and looted the cash
drawer of few dollars.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-03-07
PavIowa Here Next,

MONDAY night will mark the OPEN
ing of the biggest artistic and sociai
event of the season at the Atlanta,
when Anna Paylowa. the noted RUS
sian dancer, appears. She viii ne
here for three performances, each Of
which will be different from the other.
n matinee being scheduled for Tues
dav afternoon. Pavlowa will be as
sisted by a company of 80, including
NovikoT and the famous Russian
symphony Orchestra Seats are now
on sale for the three performances.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-03-07
Mississippi Not to
Get Canal Machines

WASHINGTON, March THE
machinery used in digging the Pana-
ma Canal will not be available for
use in Mississippi River improve
ments, according to Colonel George
w. Goethals, who to-day appeared
before the Senate Committee on Com
merce.
Colonel Goethals asserted that the
Panama Canal had been handled more
economically than other Government
work because the engineers had not
been hampered by waiting for annual
appropriations.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-03-07
Famine Causes Cut
In Jap Naval Budget

Special Gable TO The Atlanta Georgian.
TOXIC, March THE naval esti-
mate, which will be up in the House
OF Peers for approval on Monday,
probably will be reduced by $35,000,
5000, It was learned to-day.
The Government is said to favor
the reduction because Of the high tax
rate and the recent calamities OF
earthquake and famine. which have
been a heavy drain on the National
Treasury.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-03-07
Nephew OF Cardinal
Sentenced as Thief

ROME. March 7.-Giovanni Vannu-
telli. nephew of the famous Cardinal,
was sentenced to a years Imprisonment
for having induced youth named Bac-
celli. son of a well-known professor, TO
steal 81 500 worth of his mothers jew
elry that they might pay Vannutellis
System" at Monte Carlo and break the
bank.
VannuteIli accepted $500 for the idea.
Baccelli confessed to his parents, who
sent him to Mexico to reform.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-03-07
Bio Week at Forsyth.

The Forsyths splendid show this
week has been most successful en-
tertainment. THE Dance Revere
end Ethel Green share headline hon
ors. There are five other splendid
features. Next weeks bill will be
headlined by Laddle Cliff Englands
clever comedian. A sensational fen
tire will be Ismed, the Turkish
nianist. Carl Byal and Dora Early
in a comedy singing act. and Moore
and Young, in songs and dance, are
also on the bill
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-03-07
Call for Condition
Of Banks Surprise

WASHINGTON. March Comp
troller of the Currency Williams to-
day issued call for the condition OF
national banks at the close of bust
ness on March 4.
The call came as surprise to
financial circles, as 1t was not ex-
pected atthis time, and followed
rather closely the last one. 1t was
rumored that the Comptroller wish
cd to obtain information as to finan-
cial conditions at the end of Presi-
dent Wilson's first year
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-03-07
Ohio Society Here
Plans Spelling Bee

Some Of Atlantas foremost BUSH
ness men, members OF the Ohio So
ciety of Georgia, will take part in an
old fashioned spelling bee soon.
Plans were discussed Friday night at
the first monthly social meeting of
the society in Hotel Ansley.
The meeting was attended by many
members, and several transient
Ohioans Similar social sessions are
to be held on the first Friday night
in each month.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-03-07
Woman to Talk on
Child Labor Menace

1.-THE Menace Of Child Labor" will
be the subject of Miss Gertrude Wal
demar the well-known social work.
er and lecturer, at a mass meeting
Sunday afternoon at the Wesley
Memorial Church.
The lecture will be delivered under
the auspices of the Atlanta Equal
Suffrage Association. Short adj
dresses also will be made by several
Atlanta ministers.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-03-07
Columbia Theater.

With matinee to-day at 1880 p. m.
and night at o'clock, the engage
ment Of the Military Maids" at the
Columbia Theater will close. For
the week beginning with Monday
matinee Wilton and Delmar will be
featured for onn week in the offering.
Two Lucky Tramps."
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-03-07
Tilted Girl Sues for
Breach of Promise

WINSTON SALEM, n. c.. March 7.
Miss Bessie Cook, a pretty Stokes
County girl. has instituted action
against Caleb Jessup. prominent
young farmer, for breach OF promise.
Miss Cook alleged that Jessup OBJ
tanned license to wed her on jan
uary 7, and few days later Sc
cured another license and married
Miss Mary Owens. OF Surry County.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-03-07
Rridqe Lunehson for schooIairIs.

The bridge luncheon given Satur-
day morning by Miss Louise Couper
was a pleasant affair, assembling A
number OF the schoolgirl set. There
were pretty decorations and appro-
pirate prizes, and delicious luncheon
was served at the close of the game,
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-03-07
Last pay for Haokett Players.

Saturday afternoons matinee and
night performances will mark the
close Of the Norman Hackett players
at the Lyric Theater. All Of the com
pany are especially good in their
Larts, and the stage mountings are
superior to the usual stoc6 affair. The
prize playlet win be used as a cur
tain-r raiser for the farewell perform
anCe
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-03-07
Dinner Dance at Driving Club.

The regular week END dinner dance
at the Piedmont Driving Club will be
bright close to a week which has
been noticeably lacking in large So
cial affairs. A number of parties have
been arranged, and delicious dinner
will be served Among those either
entertaining or attending parties will
be Mr.. and Mrs. John Kiser, Mr.. and
Mrs. James T. Williams, Mr.. and Mrs.
Edwin johnson and DR.. e. G. Ballen-
ger.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-03-07
Woman Laughs Self
To Death Over Joke

DAVENPORT, IOWA, March t.
Mrs Charles Mohr, 4S years old,
laughed herself to death at a joke
told by her husband. The woman
laughed for six hours, death COM
ing this morning.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-03-07
.Defes Flames With
Canvas Water Suit

CINCINNATI, March Martin Pa
nian, OF Eveleth, MINI, has perfected a
suit and helmet with which he absolute
~ defies fire He allowed himself to be
cast into flames here. After five min
utes he calmly stepped out
The helmet is Of metal with layers Of
water and fireproof canvas inside. The
suit also has layers of canvas. through
which water is forced.