davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1914-12-31
Want Pay For Hogs.

Iowa City, Dec. 3O.-Fifty Johnson
county farmers will ask the legisla'
ture at its coming session to reim'
burse them for losses sustained when
their hogs died of cholera after they
had been stopped from shipping them
by the foot and mouth quarantine,
This was decided at meeting held
here to-day. Those WHO had hogs
which were healthy when the quar-
antine was imposed, but later died oil
cholera, and who have proof OF these
facts, will join in the petition to the
legislature.
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1914-12-31
Form Pedestrian Club.

Fort Dodge, Dec 3O.--FiVe hundred
miles in a year Is the goal thirteen
Fort Dodge girls, who are not super
stitious and aim to be athletic, have
set for themselves, Nor do they
plan to cover it in their automobiles
but on foot. To make the task a lit
tie more pretentious, tae rules are
rigid that they shall not attach their
pedometer while running around the
house, attending tango teas, or doing
ghOpDing."
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1914-12-31
WILL MUSTER OUT COMPANY D
Knoxville Fails to Provide Suitable
Armory and Viii Lose Member
ship in |. NJ. G.

Des Moines. Dec. 30.-Recommend
atoms have been received by Adj,
Gen. Guy +. Logan for mastering
out Company d, Fifty-fifth regiment,
located at Knoxville. The cause is
inability to get suitable armory
and to keep sufficient men in the
lComDany
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1914-12-31
Saiem Recalls Mayor,

Salem. Mass, Dec. 30-Mayor John
IF. Hurley was recalled by the vot-
ers ina special election yesterday,
Matthias J. O'Keefe, leather manu-
facturer ana candidate of the Better
Government association, defeating
him by a vote of 3,465 to 1923. It
was the first recall in New England
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1914-12-31
10 or SHIPS GREW RESCUED
italian Bark Giuseppe ViacaVa Is
Wrecked in Storm Near
Pensacola. Florida.

Pensacola, Fla, Dec. 30.-Thirteen
members OF the crew of the Italian
bark Giuseppe Viacava were rescued
by life savers while waves were
breaking over their vessel, ashore off
Pensacola lighthouse. A strong gale
still was raging last night but the
ViacaVa was resting on a sandy bot
tom and there was some hope that
she might be saved.
The Viacava, CSC tons. was bound
from Cayenne for Pensacola without
cargo.
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1914-12-31
Cedar Raplds Makes Gain

Cedar Rapids. Dec. 30.-Cedar Rap
ids has a population OF 10000, accord
ing to the estimates made by the city
directory publishers who have just
issued a new book. This Is gain
of 200 over the last directory issued
two years ago.
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1914-12-31
Lloxds Have EaIth.

London. Dec. 30--A premium of Is
guineas per cent was being paid in
Lloyd's today on policies worded:
"To nay total loss in the event OF
the declaration Of war between Great
Britain and America within twelve
months from date
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1914-12-31
petition is sufficient.

Keokuk, Dec. 30.-The board OF
in session at Fort Madi-
son canvassed the petition OF consent
required under the Iowa Mulct law
and approved the petition. The mem
bers of the board each voted in favor
OF saloons. The vote of the last elac'
tion in keokuk stood 1886 and there
are 2e77 names on the petition.
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1914-12-31
Romance Ends in Marriage.

Iowa Falls. Dec. Ca romance
which started when both the bride
and groom were patients al a hos
pital at Hampton, is brought to light
by the secret marriage at Mason City
of Miss Rachel Burres and Hugh w,
Kennedy. The wedding was set for
two months hence but the happy cou'
pie slipped away to Mason City and
we're married and then announced
the event.
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1914-12-31
sioux civ Invites Wilson.

Sioux City, Dec. 30:-The CONNER
cial club of Sioux City today sent a
telegram to President Wilson invit-
ing him to be guest of the city when
ne makes his trip to and from the
Pacific coast next summer
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1914-12-31
Kills Bio Timber Wolf.

Eldora, Dec. 3O.-Yesterday after
noon Mr.. Walter Danger a Pleasant
township farmer, brought to Eldora
the carcess OF the largest wolf that
has been killed in this county IN
years 1t was the timber variety and
weighed thirty-eight and one-hat
pounds.
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1914-12-31
klns SELF wien chrlstnas Present

Sioux City, Dec. 3O.--Ben B. airing,
a travelling man. brotherin-law OF the
chief of police of East st. Louis,
shot and killed himself here last
evening with gun sent him as a
Christmas present by the chief OF
police. Dependency due to Ill health
is given as the cause.
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1914-12-31
win Meroe Charities.

Muscatine. Dec 30.-The formation
OF an associated charities is now in
prospect as result OF the promis-
cuous philanthropies which marked
The Christmas season,
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1914-12-31
Railroad Manaaer RESIGNS

st. Louis, Mo-. Dec, 30.--Henry Mil.
Ter. general manager OF the Wabash
railroad, has rendered his risig.
nation to become effective Jan. /. ac-
cording 10 an announcement made
nNra
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1914-12-31
Forty Attorneys Are Killed.

Paris. Dec. 30.--A tablet has been
placed In the court OF appeals in
Paris ON which is inscribed the
names of forty attorneys practicing
in this conrt. who have fallen in bat
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1914-12-10

The fine new building was thrown open
to public inspection after the program
was carried out.
R. l.. Cunningham. one of the sum-
mer visitors and property owners is on
trial at Fairmont, w. Va, for violating
the State license law. The hearing is
attracting Statewide attention, as Mr..
Cunningham, one of the oldest and
best known embalmers of the State, is
the father of the State embalmers' law,
and he is the first person to be prosecut-
ed under its provisions. The specific
offense he is charged with is that of
shipping the body of Mrs. Tucker from
Fairmont to Kentucky under one of the
blanks provided by the State board
when he was not an officially licensed
embalmer of the State.
Mr.. and Mrs. P. Y. Lohr, of Bose
man. Mont, are visiting Mrs. Lohr's
parents, Mr.. and Mrs. Charles F. Daw-
son in the Park.
Mrs. Jonathan White and son FLOYD
returned home Wednesday from visit
to Fairmont, W. Va.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1914-12-10
ACCIDENT.

The past week we have had summer,
fall and winter, rain, snow and sleet.
Joseph Goer. one day last week fell
from his granery and injured himself
very badly, Doctors Mason and Snyder
was called to his assistance and render
ed all the aid they could. Mr.. Goer is
in critical condition.
j. W. Schroyer, constable from this
district, is attending court at Oakland.
Senator Speicher shipped from their
stock farm, at this place. last week
car of fine cattle.
A. c. Spoerline, of Accident was a
Frostburg visitor Friday. While there
he purchased fine horse of M. W.
Race.
S. c. Beachy, of Bittinger. drove
flock of sheep, through this place,
last Friday to Oakland where they
were shipped east over the B. & o.
They were fine looking lot of sheep
and in prime condition.
Messrs. E.sW and j. w. Schroyer
are, buying up all the. hogs they can
find for shipment.
District No. this season has had a
bountiful supply of everything, hence
our farmers are laying some money
aside for 1.-THE rainy day." Our farms
are well titled and our barns are we'll
filled, in consequence thereof.
The Republican speaks of well kept
hotels in other parts of Garrett county.
Mr.. Editor just try Hotel Robinson at
this place and you will find other villages
have good hotels.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1914-12-10
BITTINGER.


The Lutheran Sunday School of this
village, have announced that they will
hold their regular Christmas service in
the church, on Thursday evening, Dec
ember oath, at 7:30 O'Clock, and it is ex-
pected that Rev. E. E. Oney, of Gettys-
burg, Pa, will be present and assist at
the service.
James Speicher has begun operations
in the coal mine on the P. P. Lohr farm
at this place, and Howard Nets is
digging daily, to supply the trade.
Charles Hetrick. of Morgantown, w.
Va, is visiting his old home and home
folks in this neighborhood, this week.
Messrs. Paul Jennings, Herman Bear
and Perry Bowser, of Jennings, were
pleasant business callers in this village
last week.
Mrs. Harvey Bitner. of Meyersdale,
Pa, spent few days with her parents,
Mr.. and Mrs. James Stark, on Negro
Mountain, recently.
F. M. Bittinger, has moved his family
into his new residence, and is comfort
ably settled down.
Mr.. and Mrs. John Walburn, and
Miss LeOnora Wiley. of Jennings spent
last Saturday with relatives here.
Merchant o. c. Buckle is spending
this week at Oakland, serving as a
member Of the Grand Jury.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1914-12-10
DRY RUN.

Wilson Wilt and family, of Dry Run,
will move to Bond in a few days, Mr..
Wilt having work on the log train.
S. L. Broadwater sold a number of
fine cattle recently.
Allen Wilt is laying the foundation
for new barn. one of the improve
ments of this neighborhood.
H. {. Harrison, of this place. went
to Berkeley Springs. w. Va, to visit his
brother Alonzo. and while there
purchased fine mare, which he brought
to the farm here.
B. F. Wilt was summoned before
the grand jury, at Oakland, to tell
about the theft of his ginseng
Mrs. Stephas Wilt has been visiting
relatives at Buckhannon, W. Va.
B. F. Broadwater bought one of
Gilbert Broadwater's fine horses. a day
or two ago.
Harmon Wilt and family visited in
the Falrview neighborhood last Sunday.
N. M. Fazenbaker is building a fine
barn on his farm. to store away the
fruits of his labor.
Andrew Wilt, of Fort Hill, was a
visitor with relatives here last Sunday.
A number of people from this place
attended the revival meeting at North
Glade last Sunday evening.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1914-12-10

where land has been'cleared by repeat.
ed fires or where cleared land is insult.
ed for anything except forest growth,
and until such lands are planted they
will very likely be unproductive.
The best species for planting are
white pine, Norway spruce, red oak,
and Eastwood. A pure plantation of
the species that appears best adapted
for the situation is recommended. The
trees should be planted 6 X 6 feet, re-
quiring 1910 per acre.
White Pine is native tree making a
rapid growth and producing lumber of
considerable value. 1t is we'll adapted
for any we'll drained soils except the
very thin soil of the rocky ridges.
Norway Spruce is much better tree
for planting than the native black or
red spruce, because it grows more
rapidly and makes just as good timber.
This tree is well adapted for deeper
moist soils on the lower slopes, and
will produce good pulpwood or saw tim
Der. 1t can also be use to advantage
for underplanting to thicken up a
growth of hardwoods.
Red Oak is the most rapid growing
of the native oaks and is adapted to a
variety of soils. 1t will not do we'll on
thin dry soils, but makes a very good
growth on the slopes where a moderate
amount of moisture is present 1t is a
timber tree attaining large size and well
suited for saw timber.
Eastwood only thrives on moist soils,
but is rapid grower, producing a soft
wood suitable for excelsior, pulpwood
or saw timber.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1914-12-10
SWANTON.

We are indebted to the Piedmont In
dependent for the following four items
The revival services at Wilson seem
to increase in interest with each nights
service. There has been about twenty
conversions and ten or twelve at the
alter yet.
We are sorry to learn that Mr.. Nc
Comas George and his good wife will
soon leave US and go to Green Spring
but our loss is Green Springs gain.
G God luck Nc.
Mrs. W. H. Oss, and little daughter
Evelyn were called to the home of Mrs.
Oss's parents on account of the serious
illness of her sister Miss Edda Rhodes.
Mr.. and Mrs. w. E. Foreman and
two little daughters were visiting rel,
atives in Terra Alta.
Jerry Mankis had business in Oak.
land Saturday, and attended the sale OF
the Mountain Lake Hotel furniture.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1914-12-10
MOUNTAIN LAKE PARK.

Last month Postmaster Rathbun sent
to Baltimore over $500 surplus money
order fund. An indication that the
patrons of the Park post Office were
putting their spare money in circula-
ton. So far this month the money
order business has been quite large.
Mr.. Simon P. Baker has purchased
the Dennet acres adjoining the Park
extending from the county road back
to Hotel Dennet. A valuable piece of
property.
Enoch Kesner, at the post office news
stand, has splendid display of Christ
mas goods. They are worth looking at,
and will add much to the happiness of
any one receiving them as a gift.
The interior of Allenhurst is being
painted, papered and calcimined. 1t
will present fine appearance at the
opening next spring.
The lawns cleared of leaves are bright
and green, as in early spring. Last
week the lilac bushes were budding.
Mrs. Bassell and Miss Myrtle, the
successful managers of Allenburst,
went to Parkersbu-g. W. Va, last Fri
day, where they will spend the winter.
Floyd White visited Fairmont last
week.
The Peoples Store looks cheerful and
inviting in its Christmas dress. 1t is
worth going to see. Then the stock of
goods suitable for gifts is large, a fine
assortment, and reasonable in price.
Those who paid their dog tax are
complaining because some of their
neighbors have not paid the tax on
their dogs, which are running around
tagless.
Many of the Park ladies spent last
Thursday afternoon at the home of Mr.
and Mrs. Harmon, a delightful place to
visit.
Adolph Rambeau, one of our Park
boys of the past, has established a
mail order house in Wheeling, W. Va.
May he have big success.
In looking around for Christmas
presents do not forget call at C. M.
Rathbun Sons Co., store You may be
suited right there.
Rev. Wright and family, of Baltl-
more, are located in the Blake cottage.
They are certainly fine people and the
Doctor is fine preacher.
The DOMAIN Consolidated Oil Co., is
putting down three additional wells on
their leases in West Virginia. A num-
Der of the stockholders live in this
vicinity. So far the company has paid
forty per cent dividends.
The Ladies Aid Society of the Metho-
dist church held a box social at
Journeys End, the delightful home
of Mrs. Winchell.
Prof. T. c. Miller, president of
Shepherd Collage State Normal school,
and summer citizen of the Park for
many years, was the principal speaker
Monday at the dedication of the new
Thomas C. Miller public school, the
finest in the state of West Virginia.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1914-12-10
Canal Saves Twenty three DAYS.

According to the reports made by
captains of incoming steamships from
the West Coast of South America
through the Panama Canal, the distance
saved in comparison with the Magellan
Straits route is 5, $50 miles. This means,
for cargo vessel that averages ten
knots, saving in the sea voyage of
twenty-three days. The largest car
goes carried through the canal so far
have been grain from the West coast
ports of the United States and nitrate
from Chile.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1914-12-10
Republican Labor nen to Organize.

AS result of the decision of the ex-
ecutive board which met in Boston,
Mass, recently, convention will soon
be held in Washington for the organiza
ton of the National Republican Associa-
ton of Labor Men. At that meeting
national organization work will be
planned.
The association plans to cover the
entire country within the next few
months to extend its membership. The
executive council claims that interest
is manifest all over the country in the
new republican labor movement, and
they are claiming a membership of $780,
900 already. 1t is also claimed by men
prominent in the movement that the
recent Republican gains were largely
due to its activities.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1914-12-10

L. A. Rudisill. Ravenscroft building
Oakland, receives subscriptions for any
magazine published, at lowest club
rates. Will duplicate any proposition
made. Send for catalogue, or call for
one. Your order solicited. Adv.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1914-12-10

Subscribe for The RepHbks@A
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1914-01-24
'PH|LL|ES LAND
SEVERAL PLAYERS

PHILADELPHIA, Jan. "a PRESS
dent Baker. of the phllies, an
nounced today that three veterans and
two youngsters had been landed for
the club this year, Those who have
come into line are ~Pitcher Seaton.
Outhelders Becker Devore and Hiily
and lnfielder Reed This is the big
gest days work done by the Phillies
since the contracts were sent out to
the players last week.
"killifer will not even start the sea-
son with the Philadelphia Nationals,"
prophesied L. Is Gates, commander
of the Federal leagues legal forces
today, We can prevent him from
playing bah anywhere but with the
Chicago Federais."
Gates arrived in Chicago from In
dianapols equipped with number OF
court decisions Involving ball piayer1
contracts and the reverse clause.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1914-01-24
III. .. C. ENDORSES
COORDINATE COLLEGE

CHARLOTTESVILLE. VA. Jan. %.
AT q meeting OF the ]. f. b. Stuart
Chapter. United Daughters Of the Con-
federacy. held in the Stonewall Jack
SON camp room yesterday afternoon. 1t
was decided that q tea be given for
the benefit OF the chapter on Satur-
day evening from to U.cfncK, at
the residence Of the Misses Bickle, on
North Market street. A delicious salad
supper will be served to the guests.
1t was decided that the members
give the chapters endorsement on the
movement for the establishment at
Charlottesville, by the State, of a CO.
ordinate college for women, to be
affiliated with the University Of Vir-
ginia. In giving its endorsement, the
chapter urges the Virginia general as
sembly to act favorably on the Ques-
ton, which ID now before that body
for consideration.
The meeting was presided over by
the president, Mrs. r.. w. Randolph.
All other matters taken up at the Sos
Sion were routine In nature.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1914-01-24

was not bed Of roses for never be-
fore in the city OF Richmond has
there been seen such a close race for
prizes in any such contest.
The Piedmont section OF Virginia
in probably the greatest producer OF
the fancy" apple. The Alberrharle
<ippin is one OF the luxuries of Eu-
rope. sells in New York for ten cents
apiece and in the Far West at two
for a quarter.
Commer~1a ,orchards have risen to
be one OF The greatest agricultural
Industries OF the State Large estab-
lishments for the Manufacture of vim
egar and cider have been founded
throughout the State. and there are
many plants for canning and drying
fruit.
Every detail of the industry is ear
ried on under the latest and most
scientific methods. Evidence of this
Is shown in the way the trees on the
Rose Cliff Fruit Farms. Of Waynes-
boro, are protected from frosts.
For this purpose a bunkhouse. in
which twenty-five men are constantly
anartered. has been built in the or
chard. On the top of the bunkhouse
; has been erected an electric Their
nometer. The instant the mercury
sinks to ss degrees an electric gong
Is started ringing, and in eighty
minutes 5000 smudges are lighted.
These give sufficient heat 10 prevent
a frost blight.
During their two days business
meetings the. visitors were addressed
by Governor William Hodges Mann.
Mayor 4Ainslie. DIR NJ. Il. White, OF
the United States department Of agri-
culture Prof. W J. Schoene. State
lsntomologsst: nr. s. w Fletcher. Of
the State experiment station al Blacks
burg; Ralph s. Eaton. of Kentville
Nova Scotia; DIR. Charles j. Brand of
the United States department of agri-
culture: DIR. w. NJ. Scott. formerly Of
the United States department Of agri-
culture: Dr. Charles S. Mccarthy, OF
the University of Wisconsin,: Prof A.
w Drinkard. Jr.. of Blaekshurg; DR..
John Lee Coulter. OF the United
States census office; Edward Van Al
styne, of Undertook. n. n: Prof.
Thomas q. Symons, Of the Maryland
experiment station; f.. r. Lake of
| the bureau of plant industry at Wash
ington, ID. G.; Prof G. c. Starcher, Of
Blackshurs: Prot. FL L, Price, State
horticuhurist of Blacksburg and Or.
| ]. Russell Smith. professor of industry
at the University of Pennsylvania.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1914-01-24

(Howitxers1.
Pole vault: eight feet--strosher
fret (R. L. I. b.. Plumb, second
(Howitxers); Burke. third OR. l.. l. b
Mile run: time. five minutes and
ffteen seconds-vaughan. nrst Or. l..
I. b.: McCarty. second tHowitzers)
Gooch. third (R. L. !. b
High jump; height five feet-Pear-
ley. nrst tR l.. !. b.: Feiroy. second
tHowitxers); Burton. third Or. L.. I. r.
Relay; won by -Blues--McRee Burke
Burton, Strothers. Felroy. Mcfarland
Roscher. Lawrence.
The officials were: Referee, Allan J
Saviile tVirginia); clerk Of course. T.
]. Tousey tChurch Civic associationl
timers, Jones. Jacobs. Groves. Rowe:
Judges. Major Bowles. Captain Myers;
Captains McGraw. Bidgood. Fuller
rut~hins, inspectors Lieutenants Pol
lard, Rees. Gates. Hutchinson. James
and Earnest: starter. F. A. Dobson
(PriDceton): announcer, C. n. Bigger
tRichmond Light Infantry Blues).
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1914-01-24
HIGH SCHOOL PLAYS
JEFFERSON SCHOOL
FOR VIRGINIA TITLE
DEFEATS NEWPORT NEWS FOR
TTDEWATER TITLE LAST
NIGHT BY SCORE OF 22-1o.

John Marshall high school basket
ball team won the championship title
of Tfdewater Virginia and the right
to meet Jefferson School for Boys for
the State title last night when they
defeated Newport News high school
in the John Marshall gymnasium by
the score of % to 10. The game with
the Jefferson school quiTt has already
been arranged. and will be played in
the near future
The game last night was one of the
rrettjest and most hard fought which
has been played in Richmond this sea
SON The local boys were in their
best passing form and their team
work was one of the features. Their
ornaments also did clever work, con-
slider ng the fact that they were play
ing On a stra nga floor and one which
il not calculated 10 make for the best
plav Of the game. The low ceiling
and the posts marred their work to
a degree.
There were several ~ the players
who did noticeable work during the
game last night, but that OF Cosby
and Hatcher was particularly GOOD.
These lads were all over the floor ana
lost no opportunities Of coming 10
tha aid Of their team at the right
time White also did work wnfeh
stood out. and more than once Bethel
and Captain Hargrove pulled plays
which drew applause. In the hne-up
Of fhe visitors were also several
Youngsters who are clever at tossing
tbs. baskets and handling the ball.
Captain Patton played a hard. con-
sistent game. and Lewis and Barrett
often were in prominence.
A crowd which taxed the seating
sapacity OF the high school gym wit
Ssed the game, and although par
tisan to the local quint. were generous
in their applause of the good work
done by the visitors. The passing OF
the teams was of a high order but
the goal shooting suffered number
OF times because Of the conditions
of the floor.
The lineup and summary:
]. NJ. H S.--White. left forward !:
Hatcher. right forward; Bethel, CEN
ter: Cosby left guard: Hargrove
{capt), right guard. ". n. Fl. S.
Barrett (Hostl. left forward. Patton
fsapt.) right forward; Lewis. center;
Cox. left guard: Dean. right guard
Field goals-Wi1Ne. Hatcher t3e,
Bethel (s). Cosby t3), Barrett, Pat
tor (sl, Lewis. Host. Goals from
foils-Hatcher (2). Referee-Har-
grove IN. c. A. & NJ. Tmekeeper
Mathews q NJ. II. 81. Time of
haives--a0 minutes.