The Commonwealth. [volume] (Everett, Wash.) 1911-1914, 1914-02-19
THE NEW ORDER.
What the Triumph Of Socialism Would
Bring to Humanity
ny KARL KAuTsKY.

ny KARL KAUTsKY.
For Socialism tp rise ON the baelf
OF hand work or agricultural industry
10 impossible, not simply on economic
grounds becauac of tho low produc
tiyity of industry, but also for psych
logical reasons. Small bourgeois psy
chology inclines towards anarchy and
opposes the discipline of the social in
dustry II Is one of the greatest diff
culties that capital meets I'm the begin
nings of capitalist production, in that
IL must take it's first laborers directly
from hand work or from agriculture
1t had to fight with this in the eigh
teenth century in England and today
in the southern states of America
which renders very difficult the rapid
advance of the great industry notwlth'
standing the nearness to raw mate
rails greatly favors such industry.
What Capitalism Needs.
Capital demands intelligent labor
power SO we see that the competitive
struggle above all enforces the better
ment of the Industrial school On the
other side the development of indus
try and the existence of newspapers
contributes to extend the intellectual
horizon of the laborer.
But not alone the pressure of CAPT
tai in the exploitation of great bodies
of labor, but the struggle of the pro-
letarian against this exploitation de-
velops the psychological conditions
for Socialist production; it develops
discipline in every way, of wholly
different character from that given
capital, and this struggle develops also
a talent for organization, for it is only
through the unanimous cooperation of
the great body of mankind that the
proletariat can assert itself against
capital and the capitalist state.
High intelligence Needed.
The social revolution requires high
intelligence, strict discipline and COM
plete organization of this great mass
and these must exist simultaneously
with and be indispensable to eco
nomic life if it is to attain strength to
overcome so extremely powerful an
opponent. We may expect that it will
only succeed when these peculiarities
are developed in the highest degree
and also that the victory of the prole-
tariat and Herewith the social revolu-
ton will come only when the psyche
logical conditions to Socialist So
ciety are present in a high degree.
This does not mean that mankind
should be angels nor that we shall
need to wait so very long for its psy-
Geological ripeness.
Blessing to Be Brought by Socialism.
While the modern proletariat has
need of no great change in order to
make it ripe for Socialist society, new
ertheless we may expect that this So
ciety will greatly alter the character
of mankind. That which is demanded
as a preliminary condition to a So
cialist society, and which the capital
list society makes impossible, and
which would be therefore the most
impossible preliminary condition, that
is, the creation of a higher type of
OF
will be the natural result of Social
ism 1t will bring security, rest and
leisure to mankind; it will raise their
minds above the commonplace be-
cause they will no longer need to con-
tinuously think of where the bread
for the morrow is to come from. 1t
will make personalities Independent
of other personalities, so that the feel
ing of slavery as well as of human
alteration will disappear. 1t will at
the same time create a balance be-
tween country and city, make the
treasures of the cultured rich attain
able to all mankind and give back to
them the nature which arises from the
strength and joy of living.
Will Eliminate Pessimism.
simultaneously with the abolition of
the physiological roots of pessimism it
will do away with the social ones also,
together with the misery and degrade
ton of the one who makes a virtue of
necessity, and the safety of the other
who in idle luxury has drained the
cup of enjoyment even to the dregs.
Socialism will abolish poverty and
safety and unnaturalness, make man
kind joyful, appreciatiye of beauty
capable of happiness, and thereby it
will bring freedom in scientific and
artistic creation for all.
viii Develop New Type of Mankind.
May we not expect that under such
! Let Us Call Yo,