davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-10-25
OUR ENEMY, THE KAISER

the qualities of the warlke race he comes from and reared from his earliest years in the conception of himself as the head or nation whose destiny it was to be- come the prcponderating power in Eu- rope, the Kaiser became the most forcible figure among the crowned heads of the world. The other, a physical weakling unfitted in many ways to play proml- nent part in large affairs, King George is, perhaps the least conspicuous person. ality that occupies a throne today.
 Yet it is In many ways strange why both King George and Queen Mary should have allowed themselves, especially since King Georges accession, to be dictated to by the Kaiser as they have done.
 The Connaught and Fife wedding was postponed a month from the date orig inally fixed at the Kaiser's request in order that he might be present at 1t and then the Emperor did not find 1t con- venient to come The visit of the late Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his wife to the English court was a re- markable instance of the amazing influ- ence the Kaiser had over the English King and Queen. The visit was arranged entirely at the instance of the German Emperor and was more or less brought about in order to compel Queen Mary to recognize the archdukes wife, though her majesty had made it understood after King Georges accession that she would not receive the Duchess of Hohen- berg, who was not of royal blood. At the time the i'll fated duchess was not re- ceived at the German court and the Kaiser had no special reason to desire that royal recognition should be granted to her. But later developments in Eu- rorean politics made the German Elm, peror regard the matter differently and the archduke and duchess were received
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-10-25

been consecrated titular archbishop Of fhessalonica. His task was to overcome the resentment of those who had been defeated and to recreate and foster new relation between Brussels and Rome But he was equal to the burden placed upon him; he succeeded beyond all ex- pectations. and when he left Brussels on hlD recall to Rome in 1889, he had won not only the affectionate sympathy of tho Catholic people of Belgium, but also the good will of it's politicians
 For two years Mgr. Ferrata was again at the congregation of extraordinary af- fairs in Rome, this time as secretary. At the end of that time, in 1891. he was and honor. The anti-clericallsm. which the republican government of France had shown for years was becoming more and more accentuated. As consequence. French Catholics not unnaturally looked forward to the replacement of the re- public by the monarchy. whilst the re- public began. on it's part, to talk of the separation of church and state. Leo XIII strove to heal the dissentions be- tween royalist and republican Catholics end to placate the republican authorities by advising all to rally to the republic as the established form of government. By many this advice was Loyalty ac- cepted and followed. but to many it was too bitter a reversal of all their political traditions and hopes to be otherwise than displeasing. It was clear that an able hand was needed at the Paris nuncIature at such a period-a man who could ride the storm and steer safely through the shoals that surrounded the representa- lives or the holy see. Again, in this great emergency Leo XIII turned to Mgr. Ferrata and appointed him nuncio apostolic in the French capital. a pest which he held for five difficult years and by his moderation and tact kept the storm that was threatening and biacken- ing from breaking into open rupture
 In 18s6 fresh promotion awaited him, He was created a cardinal and returning to Rome he gave himself up to the silent but important and far-feaching work of the Roman congregations. Besides the congregation of extraordinary ecclesias- tical affairs with which he had been SO the codificetion of the canon law insti- tuted by Plus x, Cardinal rerrata was excessively prefect of the congregation of indulgences. of rites. of bishops and regulars of the sacraments and. on the death of Cardinal Ranipolla. he became secretary of the holy office. As mem Der of the congregation of the sacraments he had large part in the decrees on
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-10-25

Ghent and here lived Jacques Van Art velde, the celebrated brewer of Ghent. an ambitious demagogue who though a nubleman became master of the Guild of Brewers and had himself en- relied as member of 52 other trade guilds. He was an ally of Edward Ill of England. who once condescended to address him as dear gossip" This SO f,attered the brewer that he urged the election of Edwards son as Count of Flanders which so aroused the ire of the Ghenters that they slew Jacques in his own house. Ghent was at one tim, one of the largest and wealthiest cities in all Europe. possessing 35.e00 houses with corresponding luxury and grandeur. It is said that vis-ing queen once said: T had hitherto sup posed that I only was queen but l find thousands of women here as royalty apparralled and as well circumstancod as myself.'
 Tho city has been christened La Vile de Fibre and It is most appro- lrately named Several hundred nur- sery gardens are to be found within tN''H Nts'AiCN1 ait AA iAa PhtAiN feA' iN | saw my first Horologium Fiorae of Flora's clock being a selection of flow. CTS that open at certain time of the day SO that by watching the plants ona could tell the hour to minute exactncss l tail to remember the names of all the plants that entered into the ag- Gregation but l can yet recall the chicory, which opens from to o'clock in the morning; the dandelion, opening from to o'clock the pimernei. which opens from to s o'clock, and the tiger lily, which is open between II and 1e a. m.
 At Ghent I was also treated to rar- ity in the shape of a Russian horn band consisting of instruments os q single note only. The horns varied iu length from inches sto 12 feet, ac- oording to the pitch Of tho note and il required 3T performers to play a chromatic note through a compass of tbrec octaves. This arrangement with a suitable system of notation was in = vented by J. A. Maresh, Bohemian living in Russia who gave his first performance before the imperial court In .T5h. I found the music of the band quite pleasing.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-10-25

occurs occasionally in ancient docu- ments and poems and is not void of a literature hut it is as uninteligib!e to the average Frenchman as Flemish is to a German. Yet the Flemish ian- guage differs but slightly from the Dutch, both being branches of the low CT German tongue and in the middle ages the two were one and the same language. There is today less difference between them than exists between some German dialects while the written ,an- gauges are almost identical It ,s T hlsbly rich and expressive language but can hardly be termed cultivated one, yet centuries upon centuries of Spanish, Austrian and French 1orn- ination have left it unaltered and it Is still the literature of the lower classes in their eatechisms, prayer hooks and legends.
 A strong movement for the revival or Flemish has been fostered by lsgis- latiye enactment. and under the in- sIigation of such scholars as Van Rvs wick Hendrix Conscience and Hiel it wgs brought back to higher social and political circles. reintrodnced into the middle class schools and it's knowledge made obligatory for military officers.
 The reports of the wires relatives to the Investment and occupation of Os- tend are SO confusing and contrahic- tory that the reader is left in doubt as to the true status of the situation hut Y is to be hoped that the city ill not be subjected to as lengthy q siege as 1t endured in the time of Philip Il. It is not generally known that that memorable siege gave rise to a new color and one that became quite the vogue. Isabell, who was a daughter of Philip and wife of the Archduke AL hart vowed not to change her linen until the city was taken, but unfor- tunately for the lady the siege lasted for three years and when the city finally yielded her linen had assumed Il whitish, dingy yellow hue which color was at once called isabella or lisabeau and became very fashionable. This may be of some consolation to the ladies Of ihe present day who may resent the insiuuGs,on that their clothing is soiled and cenorninate 1t an isabella or lisa- beau hue.
 I have never spent more than a few hours in Ostend, vet it is town well
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-10-25

he wished to make to the Kaiser and asked his majesty if he (the Ning) would give his note to the ambassador to take to the Kaiser King George, however. refused to do this and moreover requested him not to submit his request Go the for eign secretary who probably would have granted it. Lord Lonsdale was. of course, bound to respect the Kings expressed wish. But although he did so Lord I.ons- dale, according to a report in the royal entourase. had some high words with suit that the sporting earl will probably not be received at court again.
 It Is not anti-German fever that is prevalent at the English court. but simp- ly an outbreak of personal antagonism to the Kaiser Before Prince Christian's s son. Prince Albert, went to Germany to fight on the German side he was re- ceived by the King and given an assur- ance that when the war was over he would be received again in this coun- try. but he was frankly told that never again would the sovereign of 1t willingly received the Kaiser and that the prince might convey that message to the Elm peror if he pleased. In the future 1t appears to be quite certain that minor German royalties resident in England will have to sever all their connections with the German court, for the English court will make 1t intolerable for any who re- main on friendly terms with the Kaiser
 With one notable exception King ~ ...t. parently in sympathy with the nnti- Kaiser outbreak at the English court. probably because the German Emperor treated them habitually with even less ceremony than he did the English mon arch.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-10-25

personal dislike of the Kaiser has not, or course, influenced the course of the War or the events that led to it. That exception was when King George sent his telegram to the Czar on the Satur- day night before the declaration of war by Germany on Belgium Had King George sent his message to the Kaiser there is just the off chance that it might have resulted in proonging the diplo- matic negotiations and that possibly war might have been averted The chance was extremely remote: 1t is indeed re- ported in the royal entourage that King George himself was desirous of commun- ioating with the Kaiser instead of the Car, but was overruled by Queen Mary, whom one suspects is chiefly responsible for the outbreak of the anti-Kaiser fever prevalent at the English court at present.
 Mir Asquith was, of course. consulted before the wire was sent but in the then state of affairs the prime minister prob ally did not regard it as proceeding which could seriously influence events one way or the other and left 1t to the King to decide as to whether this final appeal for peace should be sent to the Emperor of Germany or the Czar and the influence at court resulted in 1t be- ing sent to the czar.
 On the outbreak of War Lord Lonsdale, specially intimate friend of the Kaiser, desired to communicate with him If pos sible. The only way open to Lord Lons- dale to do so was to send his letter by the departing German amba ssador, Prince LichnowslSy, but he could only do this with the consent either of the foreign secretary of the King. Lord Lonsdale went to the King and informed him of the precise nature of the communication
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-10-25
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realizing certain securities Dequeathed to him by his mother, but at the time he was unable to do this without the German Emperor would not grant. The Kaiser's trust lasted for two years and during that time he exercised his pow CTS to the full and took advantage Of his position to compel both the late sov- ereign and King George to consult him in regard to the most trivial and private family arrangements.
 But especially did he dominecr over King George, for whom the German war lord has never taken the trouble to con ceal his dislike. and he has always equal ly disliked the family into which King George married.
 'The Tecss are as poor in spirit as they are in purse'' was the way in which the Emperor's father alluded to the fam fly when the late duke went to settle down in England at Queen Victoria s invitation. Before King George became engaged to the then Princess May the German Emperor was, of course, con- suited about the proposed marriage and Queen Mary has never forgiven or for gotten the cable message the kaiser sent to Queen Victoria: T welcome the idea, but could not May have mourned for All bert awhile longer?"
 In many courts in Europe the idea pre- vailed that the marriage had been ar ranged in undue haste after the death of the Duke of Clarence, but the German Emperor was the only sovereign who openly expressed such an opinion.
 Between two such persons as the Ger man Emperor and King George there could indeed be but little liking or sym pathy. They are the antithesis of each other. The one, physically powerful and immensely vigorous, inheriting many of
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-10-25

relations with the holy see. He was entrusted with the arnuous mission of appeasing the government and closing the quarrel On his first visit to Berne he set himself to gain It's good will ord in this he was by happy combination of affability and plain speaking, so sue cessful that he brought the government to see the desirability of rapproche- ment with the holy see. In the follow ing year he again went to Berne, but this time with the official status of apostolic delegate. The matter in hand concerned the diocese of Basic which included cantons where feeling against the holy see was bitterest and in one of which the ecclesiastical organixa- ton had to be arranged and estab- lished The details of the negotiations need not be set out; 1t Is the way in V hich they were conducted and brought eventually to a happy conclusion by Mgr. Ferrata that really matters. Firm in his adherence to essential ecc1esias- tical principle. the delegate apostolic showed himself at the same time ahle to understand and allow for minor dif- fcrences. Thus in the canton last men,
 
 to allow diocese to be erected. But Mgr. Ferrata prevailed upon 1t to nc- cept an administrator apostolic having episcopal authority Peace with Rome was the result which was ultimately ratified by convention signed ct Berne in March. 1888.
 This signal success in so difficult a matter was marked by lively appreoia- ton on the part of Pope Lso XIII. who appointed Mgr Ferrata president of the academy of noble ecclesIastics in Rome the nursery of the churchs diplomats) ard canon of Santa Maria Maggiore.
 And now another question came up which demanded even still greater deli cacy and tact The "liberal' govern nient of Frere Orban in Belgium had by its drastic changes in the school laws placed itself in opposition not only to the hierarchy Of the country, but to the holy rec and the position of its representative, Mgr. Serafino vRnnutelli (now cardinaD, had been rendered altogether untsnable. By sDarited action, which is still re- membered. the Catholics banded them- selves together and hurled the govern ment from power at . general election. The diplomatic relation which had been broken off, were resumed and 1t was now question of strengthening the new bond and healing the wound. A man of consummate tact and savoir faire was above all necessary at the nunciature of Brussels at such . time, and for this Leo XIII chose Mgr. Ferrata, who had
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-10-25

worth the while for it is the most fash ionahle bathing resort in Belgium, and the second seaport of the country. During the fashionable season it entertains over a0,aeo visitors, not including passing tray- elers, and a view of the Digue, it's prin- cipal esplanade, during late afternoon hour is one never to be forgotten. This Digue is 35 yards wide and stands 25 feet above the water; 1t Is laid in terra cotta brick throughout it's entire length, and is fsnked with handsome and fashionable hotels.
 The most interesting feature of the water front of the place. however is it's ms nmoth lighthouse which was erected in lS5Ss and towers to d height of 19o feet. ! lantern contains a series of prisnis. resembling beehives in shape. and its refiectors of copper plate with platina intensity the light thousand fold, so that the rays are visahle for u distance of 45 miles.
 It IS reported that tho German Emperor is now at Ghent occupying its magnificent city hall as military Headquarters. and with his accredited artistic penchants | eNAN eNAN taiat must Dt uiilfltSSCu WILL the Incompatible beauties of this Bel gian city. Gheut should be dear to the heart of all Americans, for here was com pieted the famous treaty which closed the hostihties between Great Britain and the United States that obtained from lSi2 to lsi4. John Quincy Adams, Henry Clay, James Bayard, Albert Gallatin and ,Jona- thon Russell were the American represen- tatiyes who effected the treaty while Great Britain's interests were taken care of by Lord Gambler, Henry Goulbern and William Adams. These men appointed three commissioners who arranged for u restitution of territory, settled the titles to certain islands in passa maquoddy Bay and established the northern boundary of the United States as far as the Set. Law renee and thence through the great lakes to tho Lake of the Woods. Since that time our relations with England have been of most amicable character.
 But Ghent is rich in other historical associations. Here it was that Charles V was born and here was the meeting place of Maximilian. the Hast of the knights" and Mary of Burgundy. one of the most charming characters that history has to present. The day of that meet
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-10-25

I"ONDON, october 15.-(Special Correspondence.)- )-rhe long pent
 up personal dislike entertained tiyXzlI by King George towards the
 Kaiser is now finulng open ex- pression at the English court and what ever may be the result Of the war it is highly improbable that the two monarchs will ever meet on friendly terms again
 The Kaiser partly, perhaps, for political reasons but more because of the ex- traordinary high opinion entertained Of him by Queen Victoria was allowed to assume a position of authority among the members of the English royal family that not even King Edward cared to dispute.
 From their earliest years King George and all the members of King Edward s family were taught to regard the Ger man war lord as one to whom 1t was their natural and bounden duty to rem der obedience, reverence and respect ana the Kaiser has played almost as forcible a part in settling and determining the private affairs of the English royal fam fly as he has in his own.
 He was one of the trustees in Queen Victoria's $ will and as sucn ne was in a position to interfere considerably in the private affairs of the late King, more especially in regard to financial matters and he did so in d manner that earned for him the intense dislike of the whole royal family which was. perhaps, all the greater because none of them dared to show it.
 When King Edward came to the throne the changes and increases In the staff of the royal establishment both at Buck ingham palace, and at Marlborough house. where King George went as Prince of Wales, entailed very 1eayy outlay which the late King desired to meet by
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-10-25

l1OME, October A. = (Speeial) With the accession of new
 pope to the chair of Peter, the I6&fJI world even amid wars alarms. watches with expectant interest the first acts of the pontiff. Of these acts the one which excites perhaps most general interest is the appointment of cardinal secretary of state. Each successive pope appoints his own cardinal secretary or state. for that official is the pope's right hand in dealing with civil governments. If is. therefore of the utmost importance that the cardinal secretary, besides being a man of affairs, should also be like minded with him whose chief instrument he is to be.
 Seldom. perhaps, has this rule of com- mon sense been more clearly exempli- fled than in the appointment by Pope Benedict XIV of Cardinal Ferrata as his cardinal secretary of state. The two men, by their talents, their experience and their religious and political outlook, struck those who knew as likely and fitted to work with each other. Even before and during the conclave for the election of successor to Plus X there were many who ventured to prophecy that the two cardinals. Ferrata and Della Chiesa, would be found working together as pontiff and secretary. The mistake made by such prophets was that they assigned the papacy to Ferrata and the secretariate of state to Della Chiesa. As it turned out, it is Cardinal Della Chiesa who now rules the church as Pope Benedict XIV, and Cardinal Fer rata who Is the cardinal secretary. None theless the guess was a shrewd one; 1t Was astray only in the assignment of the oles; and now that by the votes of the conclave and by the personal selection of the pope the parts are filled. the ar rangement is regarded and hailed as "a wonderful combination" The pope's own secretaral and diplomatic experience under the direction of Cardinal Ram polla, who was cardinal secretary of state for sc many years to Leo XIII, Is already we'll known. And Cardinal Fer rata's experience in the same depart Rments has been. large and varied and successful. Whilst no small part of it was gained in close union with Cardinal Rampolia. On the face of it, then, there is every reason to expect great things from this wonderful combination" of ability, training, experiences and like mindedness.
 Cardinal Ferrata's talent and natural gifts of tact have been ripened by an experience of ecclesiastical affairs which e large and varied. the extent and va-
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-10-25

The exception is the Princess Henry of Battenberg and her family. Princess Henry has never had great personal regard for the German Emperor pr Empress, but she is highly indignant nt what she deems to be the gratuitous Insults that have been offered to the Emperor by the English monrach Princess Henry Is we'll off and quite ia- dependent of the favor of the English reiSning house, except that without 1t she could not very well continue to reside in England. That the situation at the English court may ultimately result in the princess leaving Englani Is quite possible. Queen Mary does not like Ter and the princess certainly has not much liking for her majesty. who was one of the bitterest opponents of the marriage between the Princess l"a tthe daughter of the Princess Henry) and the King of Spain. Queen Mary, who was Princess of Wales at the time of the marriage. objected to 1t be- cause 1t involved the Princess Ena changing her religion. and she used all her influence to prevent it and might have done so but for the late Kintr who was far too powerful force in fla .Sr of 1t to be resisted. If the prin- cess left England 1t would place two much coveted royal residences at Queen Mars's disposal to give to her poorer relations or to let to wealthier royal ties. A rupture between the Princess Henry and the English court until the war Is over Is unlikely. for such an event would of course. involve the princess brotherin- law. Prince Louis. being removed from his post as first lord of the admiralty. an appointment of which King George could easily de- prive him.
 Copyright. 1914. by Curtis Brown)