Evening star., 1914-10-04

have put to rout the German army -
with their Austrian reserves. In 1885,
the town was the seat of a Komaf>
Catholic bishop. and contains an an
cient cathedral and chateau built by
Casimir the Great At one time Il was
the residence of the kings of Poland,
and several times was pillaged by the
Tartars, Cossacks. Swedes. Austrians
and Russians.
Wilma, once the capital OF Lithuania.
now the capital of its own govern
ment, has given its name to a section
of the Russian army. 1t possesses an
attractive situation on the Nilliya and
is somewhat over 200 miles from War
saw. From the earliest times it's his
tory is full of interest. The scene OF
pagan worship, at the bottom of the
hill upon which stood the castle OF
Gedymim, Grand Prince OF Lithuania.
a sacred fire was kept perpetually
burning Christianity was introduced
in 1887 by Grand Prince wladislaus
Jagiello. who became King of Poland
the following year. He erected the
Cathedral of St Stanislaus where the
old heather temple stood.
Wilma is frequently mentioned in con-
nection with the history of the Pole9e
1t was devastated by the Swedes. Rug
SLAMS and Cossacks. 1t offered a bray8
resistance to the Russian army in l791P
but was taken after being severeH
bombarded Napoleon made wilma -
strategic point for the French troopn
in 1912 and visited the town when ~
le1t IN disguise on mis- retreat frO0
Russia. Notwithstanding its marrow
irregular, poorly paved streets. II corfH
tains palace of the Polish nobilitX
and. Roman Catholic cathedral q
the fourteenth century. built after thS
fashion of a Greek temple. 1t has -
highly ornamented chapel containing a
silver coffin wherein repose the re-
mains of st. Cassimir. i:
30
The present residence of the gov.
ernor general was formerly the seat
of the Archbishop of Wilma. The
Jesuit Academy founded in 1873 SUBJ
sequently became a university, theft
the present library. Important among
the Institutions is the Imperial Society s.
OF physicians The museum of an.
tiquities contains a monument to CATH =,
crime II. statue to Count Murayien
and the poet Pushkin. IL,
Sierazs has population of $500 and
Is on the Warthe thirty-two miles,
from Kalisz. 1t has been spoken or
IN connection with the Russian hos
tilities and is chiefly known for its
manufacture of agricultural imple-
ments. needles, etc.
Suwalkf Is mentioned as one of thur,
towns evacuated by the Germans Sep
TEMPER IL. 1t is the capital OF the
government and is distant from War
saw ga dSo miles. It has a population or
$4,000. King Sigismund Augustus was
its FOUNDER 1t is noted for its fairs
when a brisk trade is carried on IN
norses and cattle The town has MANY
brandy distilleries.
Al the junction of the Vistula and q,
Wieprz lies 1vangorcd. and near by the
Russians are reported to have captur-
eo many guns. 1t is a fortress and 4
with Novo-Georgiyevsk and Brest.'
Litovsk forms an important triangle.
dispatch from Berlin, September.
Il, announced that 10000 Germans
marched on Grodno, an old town on the i"
banks OF the Nieman. founded by
Slavonians in the twelfth century. The
MongolianS and the Teutonic knights
nearly destroyed 1t the following CEN
tury. 1t was the residence of Stephen.
Bathory, King of Poland, who died ?
there In 1853. He was buried, however,
in the palace church at Cracow. The =
second partition of Poland was signed
at the diet of Gradno in 1893, and the,
abdication of King Stanislaus Ponia-
towskt was signed and accepted at the
diet, 1875. The French took possession
of the town. June is. 1872. and 1t be-
came the headquarters of King Jerome
1t has five churches and two monas-
teries converted to the use of the Rus
sian-Greek clergy. OF the five Roman
Catholic churches, the oldest wax
founded in 1494. and was the property
of the Bernadine monks. 1t carries on
a trade in grain. hemp and lumber. 49,
The towns of Augustowa, EzazLEn
and Grajewo on the Polish frontier are-
reported to have been captured by thu
Germans when the march on Grodno'
began. Augustowa is of interest, as
here a canal commences which con-y
meets the Vistula and the Niemen.
Grajewo is a small town twenty-five.
miles southwest of Augustowa, while
Ezazuzn is a small fortified town Of
Demblin,