davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1914-05-21
Multi Coiored Wigs.


Although there are no statutes
as yet as to what people shall wear,
as well as to what they shall eat,
there is an interest among Congress
men in the modes of the day. The
Mind-the-Paint Girl" is having her
way these days.
Not only is the good old-fashion-
ed rouge in vogue, but from Paris
come the new shades of purple,
green and all the prismatic colors of
the rainbow, to match the wigs of
all shades from brindle to pink
The old joke of "purrle COW" is no
longer funny, for purple wigs are
actually eXtant Purple wigs and
purple paint are made to match
purple dresses and purple hosiery.
A Congressman who was upset to
find the fair lady of his household
covering her blonde locks with a
wig of green, recently made a mo-
ton to add new bureau to the
government, which should regulate
the dress of women and see that
they dressed in conformity with the
simplicity of the men of today, even
including the college swells. Still,
if the truth were known, the men
are merely envious and are becom-
ing restless with the prosaic uni
form prescribed for them, including
plain derby hat and quiet tie
Thomas Carlyle in "Sartor Resartus"
delved deep into the philosophy Of
clothes, and perhaps the radical
changes and fashions are revivify-
ing the hope of Fortunatus for a
wishing hat which, when put on,
would wish himself anywhere and
annihilate space. In sober phrase
oloey, the philosopher declares that
under favorable or unfavable inf1u-
ence of soil and climate, an acorn
could be nursed into cabbage or a
cabbage into an oak. This was pos
sible under the wizard witchery of
clothes, and an English lady who
was visiting this country insisted
! that the one thing that impressed
her most was the extravaeant dress
of American women. The wise old
philosopher sitting in the corner
witnessing the ardent efforts of the
suffragetteS, insists that the first
thing women have to solve is the
simple art Of dressing themselves
in a sane and rational manner
and then he believes the vote may
naturally follow Affairs at Wash
J. ington." Joe Mitchell Chapple il
National Magazine for May.
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1914-05-21
A Faithful Dog.

About eight weeks ago a farmer,
thought to have been from the west
ern part of the county hitched his
team at the rack south of the court
house. A dog, a mixture of the
shepherd and collie breeds, accom-
panied the team. but for some rea-
son was not there when the owner
drove off. Ever since that time he
has waited tor the return of his
master, rarely leaving the court
house yard except to get food, and
several times each day makes a
round of the hitch racks, shifting at
the horses feet, trying to locate the
outfit to which he belongs. He
sticks to his post night and day,
and several weeks ago rather than
seek shelter was entirely covered
by snow. He had a hard time max
ing living at first, but lately bust
ness men, who have been watching
him, has seen to it that he does not
want for something to eat He has
certainly proven himself faithful
and if his owner reads this we Ger.
tainly hope he will see that he is
taken home - Palmyra Spectator.
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1914-05-21
Boost for Trenton,

Trenton, Mo-, is quite willing to
live up to the reputation of the
state, and show" just how the
Trenton Idea works says Leslie's
Weekly. Within a year Trenton
grew from a town of 5000 people
to a city of three times that num-
Der. How was it done? Simply by
taking in all the section for miles
around of which Trenton is the
trade center Within its corporate
limits Trenton has registered only a
normal increase, but in a remarka-
BILE way it has taken in the agriCul-
tural population that surrounds it,
for the Trenton idea is that the
corporate limits are not the real
limits of any town. When the Tren-
ton Commercial Club awoke to
this idea (Which was originated by
the Rev. Henry b. Tierney) it had
about $50 members. Today it has
500 enthusiastic members, half Of
whom are farmers. With a mem
bership gathered from so wide al
area it is natural that it has not
confined its activities to matters
affecting merely the town corpora
ton. Road improvement a new
course in agriculture at the Trenton
High school, better train service
and even the securing of a new
railroad line are some of the things
that have been accomplished -
Fulton Sun.
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1914-05-21
Nothing Like That.

She was a pharisaical old lady
who often boosted that she had no
flies in her house.
But, auntie," objected the timid
miss, who had come on visit, Il
thought | saw a few in the dining
room this morning"
"Oh. of course" admitted auntie
unblushingly. Those are our
neighbors' flies. They will come in
sometimes, but we never have any
of our own" The National Month
lV.
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1914-05-21

A Kansas editor decided that he
became tired of welding the white
wash brush in the matter of obitu-
aries and had decided to tell the
truth. His comment on the death
of well known citizen of the COM
munity follows; "Died-age 66
years, 6 months and IS days. De.
ceased was a mild hammered pirate
with a mouth for whiskey and an
eve for Doodle. He came here in
the night with another mans wife
and joined the church at the first
chance. He owes us several dollars
for the paper, large meat bill, and
you could hear him praying six
blocks away. He died singing
Jesus Paid it ALL" and we think
he is right-he was buried in an
asbestos casket and his friends
threw palm leaf fans in the grave
as he may need them. His tomb
stone will be resting place for the
boot owls"
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1914-05-21
Big Honor for Carter.

Superintendent Carter of Monroe
county was appointed chairman of
the executive committee of the or
eanization of Missouri county school
superintendent at Jefferson City
last week The position is one of
great responsibility and the honor
conferred goes almost without say
ing. The Monroe county man is re
garded as one of the ablest, most
progressive and efficient superin-
tendents in the state and the honor
came as a deserved recognition at
the hands of his fellow sthoolmen,
Mercury.
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1914-05-21

Louis W. Lear came in Fri
day from Kansas City to spend
a few weeks with his brother, H. |.
Lear.
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1914-05-21

When a stranger comes into your
place of business and iaterrogateS
you as to the contiicion of trade -
do not complain You give him a
bad impression. and nine times out
of ten business is not so dull as we
say it is A diScouraged word some
times drives prospective investor
away. Suppose stranger comes
into this city and starts to get
trade barometer from the mer-
chants He goes into fifteen or
twenty stores and gets a limpId.
Indifferent, discouraged report Is
he going to locate or 90 elsewhere.
Cheerfulness, optimism, the boost
spirit. That is what the stranger
wanted and hoped to hear. If you
can saturate these inQuirerS with
the right kind of civic spirit they
will be in much better mood for the
industrial organizations of the city.
to transact business with them
Nothing succeeds like team work.
Let every merchant and every citi-
zen speak cheerfully and cheeringly
about their city, Give the patient
the right medicine. Sit down or
stand up if you have no place to
sit down-and think it over care
fully Rails County Times.
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1914-05-21
Honor Roll For May.
Grade |

MARY DyTO DOulWdTe, george OdF-
penter, Ada Ruth Dawson, Violet
Finney, Dorothy Jackson, Stella
May, Virginia MCGEE, Shields Nc
Clintic, Louise Riley, Stella Um-
stattd.
Grade II
Gertrude Randol Thelma Nc
Cullough, Chester Drescher, Harold
HOrd Gwendlyn Green, Annetta
Faye johnson, lack Leake, Lucyle
Tuley.
Grade III.
PauIyne Tuley.
GradeIV. .~
Bessie Dawson. Helen CapIinger,
Hazen Fletcher, Mamie Lee May.
Sarah Paul Thompson.
Grade V.
CharIesa Elzea, Walter Swear
engtn.
Grade VI
Dorothy BiXler, Marie Humphrey.
Luvenia Montgomery, Lucille Moss,
Myrtle Settle.
Grade VII.
Mary BristOw. Alma DreScher,
Valera Lyell, Roswell Johnson
Grade VIII.
Blanche Jarman, Willie Mary
Shearmau, Lucille Wright, Verna
Vowel.
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1914-05-21

Money to loan in any amount
Off ce over Woods Drug Store.
A. S. JAYNE.
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1914-05-21

S. H. Baynum and daughter, Miss
Bess spent Sunday with Shelbina
relatives.
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1914-05-21

G. W. Brewer left Saturday for a
visit in Kansas City,
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1914-05-21

Mrs. Hollander, of Clarence has
been the guest of her daughter, Mrs.
4 |. Darrell.
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1914-05-21

Miss Bess Dooley. of Stoutsville
visited here the last of the week. z
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1914-05-21

See Ralph Graham for auto sup
plies. 5-28
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1914-05-21

DR.. T. c. Proctor came in Thurs
day from Sturgeon Bay, Wis, to see
his father. DR.. Thomas Proctor
whose health has not been good for
some time.
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1914-05-21
To Seal Bottles

Bottles may be securely sealed in
the following manner: Melt togeth-
er a quarter of a pound of sealing
wax, the same quantity of rosin
and two ounces of beeswax. When
the mixture froths, stir it with a
tallow candle. AS soon as each in
gredient is melted, dip the tops of
the corked bottles in the mixture,
1t will completely exclude the air. -
Home Department, National Maya
zine for May.
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1914-05-21

J.R. Leake and wife spent Sun
day in Hunnewell.
Racine Tires are good tires.
5.2S R. w. Graham.
Evening journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1888-1932, 1914-12-04
schedule TINT"
COMPULSORY RULE
Good Records Made on
Pennsylvania Lines
During October
MANY TRAINS
KEEP ON TIME

Schedules are prepared by the
Pennsylvania Railroad TO accommo-
date the largest number Of people. and
every endeavor, in keeping with safe
ty, is made to maintain the schedules
as announced to the public"
The above is the heading to a bulle.
tin posted yesterday at all freight and
passengers terminals of the Pennsyl-
vania Railroad. Reference is made in
the bulletin to the fine schedule rec.
ord for October.
Employees are being taught the diff
ference between schedule time" and
"on time A train may make the run
over a division on the time allowed
and not beion schedule time, starting
late, and arriving late.
During October 81 ,424 trains made
scedule time. This showed an aver
age Of 90.2 per cent Trains late and
"on time" numbered 6,946. The aver
age for October, 1918, was S2.6 per
cent.
On the Pennsylvania Railroad sys-
tenn seventeen out of twenty-six had
a record of 80 per cent or better. For
trains making schedule time" 100
per cent. is credited; but a train ION
time" gets a zero.
Evening journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1888-1932, 1914-12-04
CASH CONTRIBUTIONS RECEIVED.

ss West Ninth street. "fOr the Belgian
"A FRIEND Newark. n j.
Pupns and reaches of No. 10 School. $780,
From Foreign Missionary Society of Ealake
Presbyterian Belgian War Orphans $780,
Charlotte Cannon Brdse-Ile' DEL So.
Two Friends o West Presbyterian Church. 49,
Miss Marie Tierney Of Newport from European war
children sympathizers in that town. s5.55.
Primary class OF Trinity NJ E. Sunday school, ST. Tor the begans
~fOr the Belgans7 81.
"A Friend 81.
Mrs. John c. WhiehOuse. Harrison STREETS. ST.
John A. cransto Lumber Company No. 100 King street. IS.
Brandywne Summit Joseph W.
MT and Mrs. Berry,
Belgian kiddiesr S.
Friend" for the BeIgians, $3.50
"A FrisndT s.
Through depository from
-FnendsT 81
s~Ounts stewart Ramsey 81 Edward zeSey sii Richardson
H. Carroll ThekedsOn,
total 81.
ouinnt
F. A. Price street. 81.
R. friend Presbyterian Church,
Mrs. L. L. FARRELL Eighth Jefferson g.
Employees in the train dpahers ONCE the p
Carroll Brown No. sils Madison Atkinson
H. D. Warren No. 7Oi Van Buren, street. s cash. 80;
IS s Ss RsS rOIpen n ~, cash. 6S n W. Kennedy No.
W. HIM. No. s4lO Jefferson street 50; NJ Webb street.
So H. H Hearn, West street. ST. 7. avenue
SIS John A. HonecEe Of Ninth
street. SIS Waters No els West Ninth H.
iansh street 81, X W. Windsor No. 1923
"A Friend" 81.
- - WV '
Hope Circle Kings Daughters Presbyterian Church. Eighth
and Washington go
"A Friend" -for the
"A FRIEND of West Han Church
NJ A. A. N Club, throueb Misc
sire - w " ="
Walter Elizabeth BntOn, Washington street az
Hanover Boys Club, Jr, SO.
Mrs. Charles Evans class the Presbyterian Church sup
school, Newark s2 ito be purchase
clothes for the children"
Newark grammar school pupils $685. ~or the children
Howard X Csnn No. els West Sixteenth
Evening journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1888-1932, 1914-12-04
ASSIST IN BRINGING
CHRISTMAS CHEER TO
EUROPEAN WAR KIDDIES
LET Your Holiday Be Warmed BY The FACT
That Somewhere In the War Zone,
Some Child With a Soldier Father Is
Receiving YuIe-Tide Happiness
Through You and Ysur Prac-
ficaI, sympathetic Interest

EVENING JOURNAL has done the best wo
any American newspaper Christmas Fund
which Hays president Eva Macdonald
gratifying information received this ONO"
hom Valesh. She
"MRS. WITH ME IN MOST SINCERE IiANhS
AND APPRECIATION RECEIVED FROM YOU
YESTERDAY REPRESENTING CONTRIBUTIONS RECEIVER
BY YOUR PAPER UP NOVEMBER FOR THE WAR
CHILDRENS CHRISTMAS FUND.
WOULD TO HAVE ME ACKNOWLEDGE THESE CON-
TRIBUTONS INDIVIDUALLY THROUGH MAGAZINE THE AMEl-
CAN CLUB WOMAN PLEASE AND SHALL TAKE
PLEASURE IN DOING So
aYOU HAVE WORK OF ANY NEWSPAPER 50 FAN
FOR OUR CHRISTMAS FUND. SENDING OUT THE STORY OF
YOUR WORK AS A OF ENCOURAGEMENT FOR 'OIHEk
PAPERS,
being not much compliment 10
tribute to the generous nature OF n peo
Cash other gifts commune
Of local interest
project giving the European children Merry OnAS
day, the narrowing "details OF the war "
suffering has brought nncomDant
send into their lives ie"
Chen Christmas Fund.- In process
beue rn sympathetic feeling It's
purpose the children In all the nations
children bring measure OF happiness
overwhelmed by grief and SUFFERING hememD
there mother happier than to sec her children
and to humanity TO assist IN n
extended to Newark NJ J. From young woman
requests that her name be NOT made
contribution of 81 received today In the eer remung
she
Enclosed think best
bringing In Europe am
times that much Wishing lots Of success your great
work. sincerely
"No. III Broad street. Newark, N. j."
Evening journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1888-1932, 1914-12-04
QUICK RELIEF FROM
CONSTIPATION
Get DR.. Edwards
Olive Tablets

That is the joyful cry of thousands
since DIR. Edwards produced Olive Tab
let's, the substitute for calomel.
DIR. Edwards, a practicing physician
for II years and calomels old-time en-
envy, discovered the formula for Olive
Tablets while treating patients for
chronic constipation and torpid livers.
DIR. Edwards Olive Tablets do not
contain calomel, but healing, soothing
vegetable laxative.
No gripping is the Keynote" of these
little sugar-coated, olivecolored tablets.
They cause the bowels and liver to act
normally. They never force them to un-
natural action.
If you have a clark brown mouth"
now and then--a bad breath-a dun,
tired feeling--sicl headache-torpid
liver and are constipated, you'll find
quick, sure and only pleasant results
from one or two little DR.. Edwards
Olive Tablets at bedtime.
Thousands take one or two every
night just to keep right Try them. l0c
and 25c per box. All druggists.
The Olive Tablet Company, Columbus,
Ohio.
Evening journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1888-1932, 1914-12-04
DRIVES AWAY
headache
Rub Musterole on Forehead and
Temples.

A headache remedy without the dan
gers of Headache medicine" Relieves
headache and that miserable feeling
from cold or congestion. And it acts at
oncel MUSTEROLE is a clean, white
ointment made with oil of mustard. Bet
ter than mustard plaster and does not
blister Used only externally, and in no
way can affect stomach and heart, as
some internal medicines do.
Best for Sore throat, Bronchitis,
Group, Stiff Neck, Asthma, Neuralgia,
Congestion, Pleurisy, Rheumatism, Lum-
bago, all Pains and Aches of the Back
or Joints, Sprains, Sore Muscles, Bruis-
es, Chilblains, Frosted Feet, Colds of the
Chest (it often prevents Pneumonia).
AT your druggists, in 25c and SOC Jars,
and a special large hospital size fol
$3.50
Be sure you get the genuine MUS
TEROLE. Refuse imitations-get what
you ask for. The Musterolle Company
Cleveland, Ohio
Evening journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1888-1932, 1914-12-04
RECEIVING STATIONS FOR GIFTS.

RECEIVING STATIONS FOR GIFTS.
EVENING JOURNAL once, Fourth and ShIpley streets.
Boston Cloak Store, No. 494 Market street
LippincOtt CO. No. sl2 Market street
Estate of Edward Brennan Nos. 219 and 221 Market
street
Miller Bros. Co, No. 21s Market street
Miss Anna Hanhorne's store. 617 Market street
Forster Shoe Company, No. 72s Market street.
r. Topkis Sons, 1870 Market street
Crosby Hill Co.. No sos Market street
N SneTenburg Co.. Seventh and Market streets.
Edward w. Pyle Co. shoe dealers at No. 6ls Market
street.
Evening journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1888-1932, 1914-12-04

State Wilson, Mntchanin S. "fOr
Christmas gifts little EUROPE"
Edward H. Ford. street, IS.
Mrs. Caroline Buckley, 11O6 street. 50.
Advanced Juniors West Presbyterian Church Sunday school, through
Crosby HILL
Former Representative H. S. GAM of St Georges, S.
Boys Department A. contributions by the them
selves, So
Mrs. Huber, No Washington
f. J. AmOry S.
W. L. Dockstader, Gauick Theatre, IS.
First Presbyterian Sunday School, S.
Pussy & Jones' Co. Employees, $3.50.
The Rev. W. H. Laird, si1O So.
"a Friend $40 "Or the Begians"
"A Friend"
W. G. Strickland, 81.
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1914-05-20


been for years, selling the identical
powder made for the U. S. to foreign
governments. Thus foreign govern
,iments obtain all the benefit of ex-
periments, tests and specifications
worked out by our military officers,
without charge; the Du Pont Powder
Company gets the profits of such
tests and experiments not only from
our own government, but from for
eign governments; and the U. S. gov
eminent has the privilege of paying
the powder company two or three
prices for powder manufactured as a
result Of its own tests and specifca-
tons, and faces the liability of hav7
ing its own troops shot down with
the same identical powder.
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1914-05-20

10000
WHITMAN HANDS DEFENSE.
WITNESS A HARD JOLT
New York, May 20.-Ripping
through the defense of Charles
Becker, accused murderer of Gam
bier Herman RosenthaI, District At
torney Whitman smashed fiat the
story told by Jacob Reich, alias Jack
Sullivan, Becker's witness.
His thick lips reeking profanity,
his tale foul with the slime of New
York's underworld, Sullivan for more
than two hours told of an alleged
plot by Bald Jack" Rose, Bridge"
Weber and Harry Vallon to saddle
on Becker's shoulders the killing of
Rosenthal.
you say you talked with Rose
about the gunner after Rose told
me they killed RosenthaI?" was
Whitman's first question on cFoss-ex-
animation. g.
yes" was Sulliyan's reply after
he had twisted and squirmed so that
the question had to be four times re-
peated.
Don't you know that not one gun
man was arrested until long after
that and that there was. not a whis-
per of their names in the~case? And
the rest of your story is as true as
this?"
Sullivan Visibly quailed in his chair
and Becker covered his face with his
hand.
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1914-05-20

"Isn'tit a fact that you are known
as the worst cadet on the East Side?
Didn't you live by the earnings Of
prostitution? Was it not your BUSH
ness in 1906 to bail these women of
the street? Did you not periure
yourself to this jury when you denied
that you ever prOfted by their
shame?"
Sullivan shouted denial to all of
these questions, but Whitman pro-
duced records which forced him to
admit they were all true.
Dist Atty Whitman staged an
other. scene in the courtroom which
gripped the hearts of the spectators.
Isadore Fishmann, second witness to
testify in the attempt to save Becker,
was on the stand and, ,pale-faced,
he confirmed the story Of an alleged
plot to railroad Becker to death for
RosenthaPs murder.
Then Whitman revealed Fishnann
as a fraudulent bankrupt and as liY-
ing in an apartment Illegally with a
woman of the streets, while his own
mother lived in the fiat next door
He forced Fishmann to admit the
woman he lives with is not his wife
and then asked him: Where is your
wife? Is she not a prostitute on the
streets?"
81 don't know"
Bring in the woman" Whitman
cried to an assistant and a small,
sickly woman with a broken nose en-
tered the court leading a little girl.
Fishmann admitted everything.
Fred Hawley, once a reporter, is
on the stand today for cross-examin-
alton. Hawley declared Becker
could not have been present on For
ty-second street at the meeting at
which Bald Jack" Rose and
EEpriJor;aD TITabhar inform orc faafi-
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1914-05-20

Sane Fourth of July order issued
by Chief Gleason. Fireworks displays
viii require permit from mayor,
Pierre weekly free press. (Pierre, S.D.) 1889-19??, 1914-08-27
(co7tinued next week.)
Always Travel First Class.
From the Wall Street Journal.
hahlnIra nf q lnal-onan


An employee of a brokerage firm
about to go abroad for a brief vacation,
was considering whether he would pay
for a first class passage on the steamer,
about $3.50. His dilemma reached the
ears Of one Of his principals, who I'M
dertook to settle the question.
my boy, always ave first class
when . can afford it. 1t pays, some
times" was the advice, backed up by
practical illustration. "One of the
largest silk mill owners in this coun-
try" continued the principal, about
rs years ago, was precisely in your po-
sition. He then represented in this
country a Scotch firm Of cotton thread
manufacturers. His firm wanted to
an extension of he business in the
United States and Canada. and sum-
moned him to the home office for that
purpose. all xpense to be defrayed by
the firm. He was Of the thrifty Scotch
character, and hesitated about travel
ing in the saloon, even though his firm
expected him to do so. until he got the
advice of a friend-'it pays to travel
first class"
On his way over to Glasgow he met
as a travelling companion a silk manu-
facturer from Paterson. II. J. Tn tha
course Of the 10 days voyage they had
many heart to heart talks, from which
the silk mill owner learned what the
young man had accomplished for the
thread manufacturers and the object of
his trip t. Scotland. Finally the silk
manufacturer asked him what salary
he was getting, and he frankly an
swered $40 a week. Well, said the
silk man. my mission abroad at this
time is to get a manager for my mills.
as we'll as to buy raw silk. 1 do not
want to influence you in your action
with your firm, but my opinion is that
they are no paying you what you are
worth. Undoubtedly the will advance
your salary before you leave Scotland
again, but If they offer you ANYTHING
less than $4,000 a year you can have
that amount from me, and the posi-
ton as manager Of one of the Iarpes+
silk mills in the United States.
The young man pleaded that he did
not know anything about silk mann
featuring, but his would-be emnlover
replied that that did not matter. ha
could soon learn all that was necessar nv
about it for his position. When he" az,
rived in Glasgow he told his emplovara
of the offer he had had, and tbav
strongly advised him to accept II ~
is now part owner Of that silk MIL
which has grown considerably since h.
became manager" The tale carriae
its own moral. ie