davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Sentinel=record., 1914-11-29
ARLINGTON ASSEMBLY,.

The ballroom of the Arlington was the scene of the regular weekly infor- maj assembly last night The dance was hugely enjoyed by the smart lit tie gathering ir attendance. Profes- sor Richard Barton dance program was an unusually attractive one. em. braciug its share of fox trots. the measure so popular with the dancing set this winter
 With the return from the Audito- rum of those attending the Boston English Opera Company's superb pro ductIon of I'll Trovatore, there was a lot of life in the gay grill room.
The Sentinel=record., 1914-11-29
STOCK EXCHANGE
 IN GOTHAM OPEN
EVEN THE RESTRICTED TRADING HAD A MARKED EFFECT UPON
 BUSINESS CONDITIONS.
Trading Throughout the Brief Session Reflected Hesitation and Timidity on Part of Dealers.

New York Nov 2S.-The New York Stock Exchange reopened its doors to- day for the first time in nearly four months to permit limited trading ia bonds.
 The conservative element had sue. cessfully resisted all efforts to renew business. even in tentative form. until home investment conditions reflected some justification for such action
 It was evident, however that the resumption of operations, even under the rigid terms imposed, which in. cluded the establishing of minimum prices exercised a marked effect upon financial sentiment There was an unusually large attendance of mem. bers and the sound of the opening gong was echoed by loud and pro longed cheering
 Trading all through the brief ses, sion reflected hesitation and timidity. There resulted a number of material declines from July 30 prices. with few gains, chiefly in the industrial di- vision of the bond list At no time was there any movement suggesting serious liquidation or of foreign sell ine
 Dealings at all times were moder- ate. Total business amounted to the insignificant sum of SGtf,0o0 par value. exclusive of S5.000 in govern ment bonds The largest single trans, action was a sale of 10000 Chicago. Milwaukee and St Paul general mort. gage l-2 per cent bonds in the early dealings at a loss of 2 l-2 points Of ierirgs were mainly in lots of one to 'Ne .Crds best prices being estab- lished at the outset. after which frac- tOnal recessiOns were general AL together about fifty different issues were quoted instead of some l50000 or more as in active times. It was evident from the disparity between July go prices and some recorded to- day. that the exchange authorities had virtually waived minimum prices in a few of the inactive issues For instance bonds of the Southern Rail- way. Wabash, Seaboard Air Line, At lantic Coast Line and one or two other railroad companies lost four to nine points. while the i l-2 Der cent of the International Mercantile Ma rine Company fell eleven points.
 Among the few issues which sold at prices higher than the closing of July 20 were American Telephone and Telegraph convertibles, Bethlehem Steel refundmg 5s, Central of Georgia 5s. Chicago. Milwaukee and St Paul convertible Is. Distuers Securities 5s. Interboroueh Metropolitan 4s and a half dozen other
 It is significant of the attitude of the exchange that minimum prices are subject to change from day 10 day In word. today's minimum may be lowered on Monday and with each passing day the list will undergo general readWstmeat'
 -- O--------------
The Sentinel=record., 1914-11-29
OIL MILL CUSTER SUITS.

Meridian, Miss, Nov. 2S.-Taking of dispositions here in the states antitrust suit against numerous cot ton oil mills in Mississippi ended to- day. Testimony will be takken in Jackson Monday The last witness today was E. Calm, banker and presi- dent of the Eagle Cotton Mill Com brought out
 At the Jackson session states at torneys will continue their attempts to substitute charges that prices of cotton seed in a large part of the south was controlled by an organiza- tion known as the Sons of Plato.
The Sentinel=record., 1914-11-29
MAccAeEes TO MEET HERE.

The ladies of the Maccabees of the world are to hold a business session in the Arkansas Hot Springs from December 29 to January and Buena M. West of Port Huron, Miclo su- preme record keeper has written Manager Corrington of the Arlington Hotel. making reservations for a party of either twenty-eight or thirty
The Sentinel=record., 1914-11-29
BANKER ARRESTED.

San Antonio, Tex. Nov. 2S,-E. A, Syverson, former president of the National Bank of Pierre, s. D., who is charged with shortage og Sl00o 900 in his accounts, was arrested today at Kingsville. Texas today. He came to Kingsville about two weeks ago and his arrest was effected through Sheriff Scarborough who wired the Pierre authorities. Syverson admit. ted his identity and expressed will' Ing ness t0 accompany the officers Go Pierre without requisition papers.
The Sentinel=record., 1914-11-29
Personals

Arrivals at the Majestic: C. IT, Christensen, Seattle. F. C. Craddock Rochester, \. Y.; D x. Dalton and Ninetta Wanstrath st. Louis: II. I. Willeford and Q. P Luther. Little Rock. Mir and Mrs I W Lazenby. Chicago, Nlr and Mrs. W. X. Ora ham Jackson, Tenn. Mir. and Mrs. k. B. Hooker Newport Mrs. Eugene Kelly, East Orange N J., H. C.. Rasmussen. Dallas. Texas: s B. Nol- ley, Pine Bluff. A. R. Longafelt, Ok lahoma City; A. 0. Grayden, Bear don. Ark: Mrs Lawsha, Poughkeep- sic N. Y.. P. l.. Turner, Nashville, Tenn: w. H Adams. Stuttgart; R. E. Weir Thornton lad; Miss s. Jones, Hope Ark.
 The many friends of Mrs Foster of Hope Ark. win be delighted 10 learn that she has returned to the Majestic hotel and is now convalescing after undergoing an operation at the St. Josephs infirmary
 Arlington Arrivals w. Hicks Nal lory. Memphis: E. E. Meacham, New York city; Thomas B. Jacobs, Little Rock. R. L. Granbery Nashville, Tenn. Mrs A S Peah and Miss T S. Peah, Headland; Miss Frances De Vaney, Dendron Va; Miss Eureka Snyder, Newark N J.. George W Hays Little Rock; Fred E Wheaton, Memphis W. A. Voss, St Louis; A. B Edwards New York city.
 Col and Mrs. Samuel W Fordyce left for St Louis last evening after a three weeks stay at the Arlington. They contemplate making a trip to Texas before returning to the Spa to spend the Christmas holidays
The Sentinel=record., 1914-11-29

Read what Hot Springs" says to you on page 3. tAdVt)
The Sentinel=record., 1914-11-29
s.ss
= E AR Ready-tO-Wa Store Specials

Owing 10 the rain Saturday we will continue our special sale all this week with a splendid list of timely bargains on @hich you can save money.
The Sentinel=record., 1914-11-29

Read what Hot Springs says to you on page B. lAdNl]
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1914-02-12

which it is trained. TIE be more spe-
cific the open or the clOse-centered,
the high or the low headed, the round
or the flattopped, the spreading or the
pyramidal tree may be well pruned or
it may be poorly pruned. 1t is not the
object Of this article to minimize the
Importance Of training or to encourage
one type of training over another.
Good training is desirable; it means
much to the fruitgrower. At the start
he should study carefully the advan-
tages and disadvantages of the different
systems of training and use his best
Judgment in deciding upon which one
is the best adapted to his variety or
varieties as they grow naturally under
his conditions. When the system Of
training is once settled let it remain
settled, for if the right system has been
selected for certain set Of conditions
there will be no reason for changing
it. The attention of the grower can
then be turned to study of the few
simple principles underlying all pruning
and to an application of these prin-
ciples to the problems that his individ-
ual trees present.
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1914-02-12
How some Current PRUNINGPRACTICESDEFEAT
REAL OBJECT TOLD BY AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE
EXPERT WHOHASHADM MUCH EXPERIENCE IN WORK
ovepuned
Bearing Training Look
object-Quions of
Doing PrunngAn Fruitgrow Should Read

F., for fruit production. The flower is
usually regarded as the mechanism that
the plant constructs for the ultimate
purpose of fruit and seed formation,
but flower formation depends to a
very large extent upon the number of
flower spurs or, as we call them, fruit
spurs, present and upon their behavior.
This is practically the equivalent of
saying that the fruit spur is the real
machine that the tree builds and
/ through the operation Of which its
fruit is manufactured. Possibly ex-
ception may be taken to this in the
case Of bearing on one.year.old wood,
but this rather extraordinary habit of
some varieties Git is understood this
discussion pertains only to apples and
pears) is not general enough to seri.
ously conflict with the statements made,
At any rate the fruit spur is the mech
anism that the tree usually employs in
its work Of fruit bearing Without
doubt many factors influence the initial
development and the later health and
vigor and regularity Of functioning of
fruit spurs. Indeed there are good rea-
sons to believe that most Of our orchard
practices, such as cultivation, fertiliza-
tion, spraying, the use of cover crops,
etc, influence them either directly or
indirectly-perhaps mainly indirectly
Pruning, however, has generally been
looked upon as practice, almost as
the practice, through which we directly
influence fruit spurs. All fruitgrOwers
know that they can prune them out and
thus reduce their number. Many be.
lieve that by this or that pruning prac
tiee they can stimulate their formation,
or possibly increase their vigor or
uengthen or shorten their. life, etc; and
these beliefs are founded upon careful
observation and experience, To just
what extent the existence, the vigor,
the health, the length of life and the
regularity Of bearing of individual fruit
spurs are influenced by definite prun-
ing practices, such as heading in, thin.
ming out, summer pinching, etc, is far
from being generally understood. In
other words, we realize that pruning
influences the fruit spur system of the
tree, the fruit.producing machinery Of
the tree, but we don u realize how it
influences it nor to what degree.
AT this point it will be well to con.
slider what we really desire in the way
Of fruit spurs on our trees. Looking at
the question from the viewpoint of
their fruit spurs, when are our trees
in the best condition1 Do we want the
spurs TO be many or few in numberi
large or smalli long lived or short
lived1 Should we aim to have each
bear fruit every year or every two
years, or every four, eight or ton years'
These may seem superflous questions
but investigation will show that they
are not, The trees in some orchards
are full Of fruit spurs, those Of other
orchards are relatively much foyer in
number The individual fruit spur in
some orchards average an apple or a
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1914-02-12

in one way forces lateral growth thin
ming also encourages lateral growth
through the removal of branches that
would otherwise check it. In other
words both practices are a stimulus to
fruit spur formation, heading in being
the greater of the two, OF the two,
timing is probably the greater aid in
increasing the vigor, longevity and reg
ularity of bearing of individual fruit
spurs. Consequently if it is a greater
number of fruit spurs that we need,
thinning and heading in should be com.
bined. If we have enough or too many
fruit spurs and wish mainly to increase
their vigOr, logevity, and regularity Of
bearing, thinning is the practice that
we should mainly employ. This is
again the equivalent of saying that
principles, and not rules, should deter
mine the kind of pruning that we
should do. Good judgment is as neces.
sary in deciding between heading in
and thinning out as in deciding upon
amount of pruning to do.
Methods of Training.
Though this article does not deal with
training, word is in place regarding
the relation of pruning to methods Of
training. The two subjects are quite
Independent and this fact should be
emphasized. The one has to do with
form, the other with function. The
grower should not confuse the two.
He should realize that there may be
much pruning and very little training;
and conversely much training and very
little pruning. A tree may be well
pruned almost regardless of the way in
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1914-02-12
BY v. R. GARDNER,
Oregon Experiment Station, Corvallis

bI v. ~. GkAhONGnJ
(Oregon Experiment Station, Corvallis.)
Ask the average fruitgrower why he
is in the orchard business and he will
give you any one of number Of an
swers depending upon how he inter-
prets your question. He may tell you
he is growing fruit as side line, as
an avocation; it may be that his health
demands that he do outdoor work; pos
sibly he was bought up on fruit farm
and thus came more or less naturally
into the business. However, regardless
of how they got started, most fruit
growers are in the business primarily
what it will yield in the way Of
financial returns, The orchard may be
a means Of affording him living. We
maintain the orchard not primarily for
its looks for the addition it makes to
the landscape, but for what il can 10.
Our primary object is to take from it
year after year the largest possible
quantities Of fruit of the best possible
grades and at the lowest practicable
costs. It is because Of this that. we cul-
tivate, fertilize, thin, spray, prune aud
otherwise care for the trees. This be-
ing true, the value Of any particular
orchard operation of practice can be-
and should be-measured by the way in
which it influences yield, grades and
cost Of production.
If then, we ask the question "why
do we prune9" our answer is that fun
damentally we prune to get more fruit
and better fruit, to increase quantity
and quality or to lower its cost per
box. At this point it may be objected
by some that we also prune to secure
n certain shaped tree, That, however,
is q matter of training, and pruning
should not be confused with training,
Training has to do with the shaping Of
trees, with making them assume one
form or another We trim trees with
open or close centersj with round
spreading or flat tops; with many or
few scaffold limbs; with high or low
heads. Here IL should be emphasized
that training does not have to do
directly with the functioning with the
behavior Of the tree. This Is, of
course, far from saying that training
is not important A tree trained with
an open center may be much better
adapted to certain soil, certain slope
and q certain amount Of humidity than
a close.centered tree Of the same vari.
ETY.. The reverse may be true of the
same variety under an entirely differe.
Ont set Of conditions. But whether in
training we secure good shape or =
poor one for certain variety under
our conditions, training has to do pri.
marily with FORM On the other hand
we prune trees to 80 modify, to so con
troll their fruit habits that larger and
more regular crops Of bette fruit will
be borne. In other words, we prune to
modify function.
Broadly speaking, we can control the
fruiting habit Of fruit trees only in
30 far as can control their machinery
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1914-02-12
KANSAS PRoGREssIvEs MEET.
UNITED PRESS LEASED w1RE.l

Topeka, Kan, Feb. 12.-With defi-
ance to the Old Guard Republicans as
the keynote of the meeting, Kansas
Progressives met here today to draft
state and congressional platform. Sew
enty Kansas counties were represented
at today's convention.
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1914-02-12

ate nurse, st. Petersburg, Florida, says:
"I have found it excellent for every
thing that has to do with colds or rheu-
matte affections. am professional
nurse, and this product is better than
anything l ever saw"
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1914-02-12

comforting results. 1t breaks up
cold quicker than any mustard plaster
you ever saw.
Best for Sore Throat, Bronchitis,
Tonsilitis, Group, Stiff Neck, Asthma,
Neuralgia, Headache, Congestion,
Pleurisy, Rheumatism, Lumbago, Pains
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1914-02-12

Accept no substitute.
If your druggist cannot
supply yOn send, 25c or
SOC to the MUSTER
OLE Company Cleve-
land o., and we will
mail You a jar postpaid
Miss NJ. Speers, gradu-
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1914-02-12

ointment, made with oil
of mustard gives.
The old-time mustard
plaster used to blister,
MUSTEROLE doesn t.
That why millions are
now using it with such
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1914-02-12

or in extreme cases no pruning at all,
would permit the development Of much
needed fruit spurs1 1t should be stated
here that by heavy pruning" is meant
just what the term implies, whether
the removal of top growth consists in
the taking out of few large limbs or
of many smaller ones, whether it con-
sists in the thinning out or the heading
back of branches or of both, whether
the interior or the exterior of the tree
is sacrificed. 1t may be that few grow
ers prune heavily as a matter of choice.
They possibly think they have to to
keep their trees in "good shape" re-
gardless of what this kind Of pruning
does to the fruit spurs. At any rate
the fact remains that heavy pruning is
an exceedingly common orchard prac.
tice.
From what has been said it might be
inferred that no pruning at will give
US the largest possible number of fruit
spurs, as the largest possible number
Of buds are left to grow into spurs and
so many start that few can develop into
purely vegetative shoots. theoretically
at least this is probably more or less
true. Practically, however, it is unde-
sirable to stimulate, or more accurately
permit fruit-spur formation to proceed
to that extent. This is because we de-
sire not so much the greatest possible
number of fruit spurs in the trees as
fruit spurs that healthy, vigorous
and in good condition in every way so
that they will flower and fruit regularly
for many years. The health, yigor and
longevity of the fruit spur depend upon
its food and moisture supply and upon
the amount of sunlight it receives. 1t
is possible for a tree to be so situated
that there is not enough moisture and
food present to supply properly all the
spurs and their developing fruits. 1t is
also possible for the upper and outer
limbs to be so numerous and the growth
they make so dense that many Of the
inner and lower branches, with their
fruit spurs, receive insufficient light to
keep them thrifty. Later these shaded
spurs die off and the fruiting area of
the tree is thereby reduced. Under
these circumstances judicious pruning
would so limit the number Of spurs that
there would be food and moisture for
all, and the branches would be so
thinned that enough sunlight would
filter through the outer and upper part
of the tree to keep the remaining parts
growing vigorously. Just as too severe
pruning reduces the number of fruit
spurs, too little pruning weakens them,
reduces their vitality, shortens their
life and makes them function irregu-
larly. The problem of the fruitgrower
then is to maintain the proper balance
between the number of fruit spurs and
their health and vigor. He does not
desire so many that some of them die
out; he does not wish for so many that
even though all live most of them bear
irregularly. On the other hand, he does
want as many as the size of the tree
and its food and moisture supply can
keep alive and healthy and bearing
regularly.
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1914-02-12
MUSTEROLE LOOsens Up
Congestion From Colds

Just rub it briskly on the chest and
throat at night, and get the soothing
ra1iaf 4hic n1aon Hrbita
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1914-02-12

and aches of the Back or Joints,
Sprains, Sore Muscles, Bruises, Chill
blains Frosted Feet, Colds of the Chest
(t prevents Pneumonia).
At your drugists's, in 25c and SOC
jars and a special large hospital size for
$3.50. Sold by druggists everywhere.
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1914-02-12
Some Questions,

The question that we may now raise
is, how do current pruning practices
maintain life and strength and vigor
of fruit spurs2 How do they influence
their longevity and the regularity with
which they bear fruitsl How do they
maintain the proper balance between
number and strength of fruit spurs
Do they allow too many fruit spurs or
do they 60 too far in reducing their
Do they keep the spurs
strong or do they allow many to def
A partial answer has already been Civ.
en- to this question in discussing the
subject Of heavy pruning, Though pos
sibly n smaller percentage Of fruit.
growers under.prune than over-prune,
too little pruning is without question
the direct cause of small crops and in
ferior fruit in many orchards, 1t is not
necessary to visit a large number of
orchards in orde to find evidence of
too light puning. Dead and dying fruit
spurs are very common, especially on
older trees. There may be loss Of fruit
spurs from dense shading in over
trees and there will, Of course
be a certain loss from other perfectly
legitimate causes Ga, G., occasional in.
iuries incident to pielling) in very we'll
cared.for trees but in general the dy-
ing out Of many fruit spurs indicates
too little pruning. The fact is that an
exact balance between number and
vigor Of fruit spurs, between fruit and
wood production in the trees, cannot be
maintained, The best we can do is to
maintain an approximate balance, The
grower often falls far short of main.
taiuing this approximate balance be.
cause he does not realize that there is
a balance to maintain or does not ap.
prcciate its real nature, This is not
becuse he does not spend enough time
pruning He realizes that 1t is one Of
tho most important Of his orchard oper.
ations. He perhaps studies the prob
lem moro aSsiduously than he does any
other orchard practice. However hc
does not approach the problem from
the right angle, view it in the right
light He looks upon pruning as a
means Of obtaining tree of a certain
form, Of a certain type, and bends the
best Of his energies toward that end,
He uses pruning as means Of modify
ing form when it should really be a
means Of modifying function. Consc'
quently he trains his trees instead Of
pruning them. In training them he
may incidentally, or accidentally, prune
them and in the best possible manner
but IL 80 II is more or less a matter of
coincidence.
objects Of True Pruning.
Thus far an attempt has been made
oo1,, a., ,,iut o,t tha Fundamental nh.
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1914-02-12
objects Of True Pruning.

Thus far an attempt has been made
only to point out the fundamental oh
Mount Vernon signal. (Mt. Vernon, Ky.) 18??-current, 1914-05-01
MISS BEAN. READER

On account of the inclement
weather the crowd which created
Miss Mary Bean on last Saturday
evening was small, but not lack
ing in appreciation. Miss Bean,
by her winning personality, sim
pie naturalness. pleasing address
and fortunate selection of mum bers
for her program. afforded much
pleasure and entertainment for
her audience. The people of Mt.
Vernon,are to be congratulated
for having secured such a charm
ing reader as Miss Bean for an
evenings entertainment. A pleas
ing variety WAS afforded by tive
music numbers, given by.Mis.
Elsie Rhea of Laugdon Dormitory
Mount Vernon signal. (Mt. Vernon, Ky.) 18??-current, 1914-05-01
A TEXAS WONDER.

The Texas Wonder cures kidney
and BLADDER troubles, removing
grauel, cures 6iabets, weak and
all irregularities of the kidneys
and in boty men and women.
Regulates bladder troubles in
children. If not sold by your
druggist, will be sent by mail on
receipt of 500. One small bottle
in two m pnths treatment, nd sell
dom tails to perfect cure. S"Td
for estimonials from his and other
states. DR.. E. w. Hall, 292t
Olive street, st. Louis, Mo. Sold
by Druggist.
Mount Vernon signal. (Mt. Vernon, Ky.) 18??-current, 1914-05-01

81 Jedders is now under the
doctors care. Not that he has
anything much ailing him, but
he's an old man, and he says that
from the way the women have
been wearing less and less clothes,
he don't want TO die before they 60
the limit. He says it cant be far
off, as it now requires the cloth
ing of two women to filg a hand
car. Fix.