The farmer and mechanic., 1914-11-24

pions Of the FrOnticr-HOw They
Are Being Turned Into Farms
Free HOmesteads for ColOnists.
With Cow. Horse Sheep and Hog
Public Lands Sold at Auction-Thc
Wheat Fields-Quecr Farming
Methods.
Copyright. 1914. by FRANC c. Car
penter.)
VALDIVIA.
should Germany succeed in the
present war and dominate the world.
there are two parts of South
America which may become German
colonies--one is in southern Brazil
II consists of several states populated
by Germans. Ii has towns and cities
governed by officials who speak Ger
man. 1t has German newspapers
and there are German signs over the
stores. There are German factories
and breweries, and the best businesses
of the country are owned by Ger
mans. That region is sometimes
called West Deutschland, and it has
more good land than Germany in
Europe.
The other great region is situated
here in the lower part of Chile, and it
might be called South Deutschland 1t
is far below Valparaiso and not far
from the strait of Magellan. The Ger
mans began to come here sixty five
years ago, and so many have immi
grated that some of the towns are now
more German than Spanish. The first
settlers were from Hamburg. They
arrived in 1850 and were 100 days on
the way. They numbered seventy men,
ten women and five children. That
colony was followed by others. and
by the close of our civil war there
were more than 1,400 Germans who
mad settled here. They came as pio-
neers and had to cut their homes out
Of the woods. They chopped down
the forests and built log cabins and
planted wheat fields an orchards
They have now cleared a large part OF
the country. and have many fins
farms They are more pro.perC u.
and thrifty than the ordinary Chi
lenos. and many have become rich
Some Of them have great saw mills
and are shipping lumber to all part!
of Chile. Others raise wheat, potatoe:
and apples. and not few are engaged
terprise the region promises to be
come ono of the richest and mos
prosperous parts Of the republic.
Already many large towns hav
grown up, such as Osorno. Puert
Montt and Valdivia. Valdivia is tn
metropolis. Lying 500 miles south Q
is surrounded by new farms an
clearings. Its port is the principa
one of south Chile, and at it machin
cry Of all kinds and especially agri
cultural implements, are landed. Tn
city has now 10000 people. and 1t
rapidly growing. 1t had a fire re-
years ago which swept away tn
buildings Of wood and tin which the
existed. and in their places we no
find new city, built along moder
lines and up-to-date in every partict
lar. Many Of the buildings are of r.
inforced concrete and of two or thre
stories. The shops have plate-gla!
windows, coming down to the pave
ments, and the window displays al
better than those of our towns of tf
same size at home. The streets a.
wide and the pavements about twit
as broad as those of Santiago. TT
whole tone Of Valdivia is white, ar
the concrete construction makes
look like substantial municipal
built Of Berea sandstone.
Indeed, Naldivia Is more Germs
than Chilean. The signs over II
stores are in German, and there
German cafes, in which you get
cellent beer made by the German
This beer is famous throughout T
republic, and it is shipped north al
south on the steamers. The chi
hotel here has a French name, but
Is run by a German, and Germa
own the greater part Of the town. .
of the leading exceptions is the chi
importing establishment. This
American. 1t belongs to w. r. Gra
d Co. having a pretentiouS two-sto
building, covering the whole of o
side of the plaza. This store is fill
with American machinery, frt
windmills and reapers and thrasht
TO hand sewing machines and nOtio
III has also American canned goo
and textiles.
When I arrived in Va1divia at mig
expected to find everything clos
up as tight a drum, is the CT
tom in nearly every Spanish-Ame
can city along the west coast. 1t
SO of Lima, the capital of Peru. TT
town has 10000 population, and
the chief business center of a CO,