Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-01-10

In place OF meats, and for which
there Is an ever increasing demand,
have caused the economic position of
the American Hen to assume gigan-
tic proportions. This is also due TO
her ability to earn for her owner a
good interest on his investment and
to provide him with an enjoyable
vocation. Eastern United States Of
fers exceptional opportunities to the
professional and the amateur alike.
First, the prevailing ideal climatic
conditions favor a heavy production;
and, second, the unsurpassed demand
and marketing facilities at hand do
away with the necessity of cold stor-
age and long shipments. the elimina-
ton of which is bound to result in the
highest quality and an increased sell
ing value.
The four corner-stones in egg-pro-
duction are: 1. A natural aptitude for
the work and a willingness to study
the birds. 2. Strong, healthy, vigor-
Gus, well-bred foundation stock. 3. a
congenial environment for the layers,
Which lends contentment and induces
a good production. 4. An abundant
Rules for Success.
The following rules. If conscien-
tiously followed, will insure success,
no matter how small or how large the
operations may be:
Start with selected, well-mated
breeding stock.
Hatch comparatively early.
Insure a constant, uniform growth.
Provide a congenial environment.
Practise liberal and complete feed
ing.
Feed an abundance of succulenee.
Compel plenty of exercise.
The proper breed and the systematic
breeding of that breed, are the back
bone of the poultry business. The
birds are the machines which are to
convert the raw product, food" into
the finished product, eggs" With
out an efficient and well-balanced
machine this work cannot be accom-
plished at a profit. The determine
ton Of the breed best adapted as a
transformer of raw material into the
quality of product required should be
the first consideration. The most de-
sirable breed for any given condition
is determined by two factors: l. The
extent of business. 2. The character
of the markets.
Breeds to Choose.
The New York city market pays a
premium ofSrom three to eight cents
a dozen for white-shelled eggs the
year round For this reason the Sin
gle Comb White Leghorn is used to
produce for this market more than
any other breed. In the second place.
the. poultryman producing in smaller
80 - o.-lro
there is no discrimination between
brown or white eggs, will get better
results from choosing one of the gen.
eral-purpose breeds. The Plymouth
Rocks, Wyandottes and Rhode Island
Reds are good examples of this class.
for after they have outlived their
profitableness as egg producers their
carcasses bring considerable revenus
when sold for meat purposes.
If one is to be uniformly successful
in egg production he should consist
emily try to build up his flock. This
can be done by selecting only the
best females from the entire flock,
by mating them TO good, vigorous
males and by using this. special mat
ing as a breeding-pen from which all
eggs for Matching should be saved.
In this way one will get a continuous
Improvement that could not be as
sured If the entire flock were used
to propagate the future layers.
Matching Early.
The future layers should be Matched
relatively early. The retarded hatch
ing of the chicks is very often the di-
rect cause of partial failure, even
among experienced poultrymen, for
time enough is not given the growing
pullets to attain normal maturity be-
fore extremely cold weather COM
mences in the fall. which is usually
about the last of November. The ex-
act time for Matching will depend, I'M
der average conditions, upon two fac
tors: l. The breeds kept. 2. The
method of growing and the conditions
of the range.
The light, active. Mediterranean
breeds are much quicker growers,
maturing on good range in from four
to six months. They can be Matched,
therefore, later than the heavier gen.
eral-purpose breeds, which require
from four to six weeks longer to
reach maturity The Leghorns can
be safely Matched from the middle of
April to the middle or last of May.
while the heavier breeds, like the
Plymouth Rocks and Wyandottes will
do better if Matched from the middle
of March to the last of April.
In order to mature pullets at the
proper time in the fall and in good
healthy condition, they should be kept
growing constantly. The four re-
quirements which are conducive to
the most economical and certain de-
velopment are: 1. An abundance of
range for the growing stock. 2. Nat
,irai shade If pOssible otherwise q rti-
fetal shelters must be provided. 8. A
liberal supply of green, succulent
food material A. The feeding of dry
mash constantly in large self-feeding
hoppers.
1t is impossible. from the stand
point of economy and efficient
growth, to mature a lot of pullets in
close confinement, especially on
small, bare yards, with~lt any
natural shade and without access to
an abundance of green grass. The
construction of a large feeding
hopper capable of holding a consider
able quantity of feed is a great labor
saver. BY allowing the birds access
to its contents, better and more
growth is obtained, and
an opportunity is given them to ball
ance the grain rations fed.
Aside from meeting the four re-
quirements mentioned above, the
birds should be provided with clean.
roomy. well-ventilated summer
colony houses, where they will not
be unduly crowded, and where they
will have fresh air to breathe at ell
times. The aim should be to keep
the puliets growing constantly, thus