The Leavenworth echo. [volume] (Leavenworth, Wash.) 1904-current, 1914-01-30

Plat was disked Immediately after
harvest to a depth of three inches.
Plat 8 was plowed after the hrst
fall of rain to a depth of eight inches
Plat 4 was listed at the same time
as Plat was plowed.
The following table gives the num-
Der of inches of rain in the SOIL OF
each plat on the first of April:
Plat mo tillage in fall; mches
of rainfall in soil on April l,
Plat 2-Disked after harvest; "a
inches of rainfall in soil on April 1.
Plat 3-Plowed eight inches; IA
inches of rainfall in soil on April l.
Plat 4-Listed; 8 inches of rainfall
in soil on April /.
From the standpoint of getting
moisture into the soil, deep fall plow-
ing or fall listing is undoubtedly
profitable farm operation and one
that should be followed by all the
grain farmers of Eastern Washington.
These plats have received exactly
the same fallow cultivation this past
summer and will be sown in Bluestem
wheat next spring.
We are awaiting the results with
interest
DROF. A. L. Melsnder, entomologist
at the State Agricultural Expert
ment Station at Pullman, has pre-
pared the following statement and
recommendations for combating this
insect in the orchards of this state:
The woolly aphis is one of the most
IF DIor I'd
both on the roots and on the branches
of apple trees. The form above
ground can be easily killed by spray
ing. A spray of tobacco, such as the
black leaf dip, one part to 65 parts
of water, or a kerosene emulsion, or
even a combination spray containing
these two mixed, will easily kill the
aphis on the branches. To make sure
of thorough work, the spray should
be applied with Bordeaux noZzles and
driven with considerable pressure. 1t
is necessary to wet through the wool
of the insects. II the spraying can
be thorough, the ordinary sulphur
lime spray will destroy the aphis
above ground.
For the root form there is no salts
factory treatment. Placing ground to-
bacco around the uncovered roots. or
wetting the ground with the tobacco
spray, sulphur lime, or kerosene emul-
sion will kill off a small proportion
of the root aphis, but is never likely
to give complete satisfaction. The
| root aphis does not penetrate deeper
| than 10 inches below ground In CIV
| ing a root treatment it is best to un-
81 . 10 TIL
before applying the insecticide Band
ing the trees with tree tangle-foot ap-
piled over a band of cotton will keep
| the root form from migrating up the
trunk to locate on the branches In
that way the branches can be kept
| free from the woolly aphis.
When the woolly aphis attacks a
tree the tree is poisoned, swellings oc-
cur even during the first year of at
tack and the growth of the tree, as
well as of the fruit, is materially stunt
| ed. The root form causes gall-like
swellings. preventing the root action,
and in the course of a few years caus-
ing decay of the roots. After a few
years the tree is so undermined and
weakened that it is practically killed
The woolly aphis is one of those in
sidious pests which should not be per-
mitted to gain foothold in the or
chard.
Tumbling Mustard
THIS weed is popularity called in
Eastern Washington the Jim
Hilr' mustard. 1t is properly known
as the Tumbling mustard. 1t is an
annual, that is, it goes to seed each
year and dies to the ground. The
plant grows to an extremely large
size, making real tumble weed. 1t
bears a large number of seeds, which
are oily and therefore live a long
while in the soil.
The best way to fight this weed is
to go onto the land in the fall and
disk 1t lightly. thus covering the seeds
Just enough to make them sprout. Do