The Yale expositor. (Yale, St. Clair County, Mich.) 1894-current, 1914-03-19

for cheapness. but as a fancied cure
for certain ailments. The bread or
dinarily consumed among the working
classes Is OF two kinds. The most gen.
eral is a heavy, close kind made up
In shape not unlike an ordinary Amerl-
can brick but larger II 10 OF a dark
brown color, baked OF rye, ground
wet, and costs about 3 cents q pound.
The other bread is lighter in color, q
larger and differently shaped loaf, and
costs cents a pound. Good coffee
costs from 80 to 80 cents a pound.
Many workmen buy a mixture OF cheap
coffee and chickory at 20 cents to 20
cents a pound, or what Ia called malt
coffee at 6 to cents. Butter Is little
used at ordinary meals. A substitute,
butter oil, sells at 16 cents a pound.
and oleomargarine from 10 to 25 cents.
Sugar sells for to 9 cents a pound
1t is a beet sugar. granulated and weak
sweet stuffs IL they are really sweet
which is not often In Germany-are
dear. Milk. sold from central dairies,
is about cents q pint.
Vegetables are cheap, potatoes, a
common food, particularly so. The
onion and the cabbage, German favor
ties, are inexpensive and, as might be
expected in land of highly organized
education, a delicious caulifiower,
which Mark Twain called a cabbage
with a college education, is sold for
three cents. Wood is bought in small
bundles, a few cents worth at a time,
and coal, usually in the form of bri-
quettes, coal dust moulded into brick
shape, is not of high cost, except near
the mines, but is OF small heating
value.
All these prices are 20 per cent or
more higher than ten years ago. Cloth
ing, a rather inferior grade is 10 to
Is per cent. higher and rents, except
in favored localities, are 20 to 80 per
cent. higher. Official figures on file
in the Rathaus or Town Hall at Mu-
mich show increases in five years of
from 10 TO 20 per cent. III the prices
of all foodstuffs.
Savings Deposits increasing.
The standard of living is increasing.
The average man in Germany, France,
Austria-Hungary and Great Britain. as
in America, is not content to live on
the same level of expenditure as did
his fathers. Despite this higher stand
ard and the increased cost, he is each
year saving more money. Ten years
ago the savings deposits in postal and
other banks in Great Britain averaged
$1.25 per capita less than today. Dur
ing the same period the savings de-
posits in German savings banks in
creased from eight TO fifteen million
marks, two million to three and three
fourths million dollars, and the num-
Der Of depositors from S,670,709 to 12,-
362,140
What is true in this regard of Great
Britain and Germany is true Of France,
Austria.Hungary, Holland, Belgium.
In all these countries the cost of liv.
ing has increased to a marked degree,
but at the same time there has been
a measurable increase In the savings
Of the people as well as in the stand
ards OF living. Over against this must
be considered the 10000 unemployed
In Berlin, the strikes in Belgium, and
Great Britain and the widespread
and ill-concealed distress for lack of
food that every great European city
shows as cold weather comes. Yer
amt so 'ungry wen it's 'ot," said
crippled workman in a London park.
Plea for New Economic Science.
A British scientist, discovering the
complicated economic problem of the
cost Of living, argues that the time has
come for the establishment of a new
constructive science, the aim of which
would be to evolve and teach the prin-
ciples under which economic equil-
ibrium in the life of communities might
be attained. Congestion of population
in the towns, the desertion of the farm,
low wages and the increasingly high
cost Of living are. In his view, all re-
lated. The world is capable of sup
porting all its inhabitants in abund-
ance. Its failure to do SO is due to
the non-emergence OF an organizing
science. Every individual is entitled
to secure an economic place in the
world and every normal individual is
capable of filling such a place. Pow
erty Is not really, therefore, neces-
sary. We need not have the poor
always with US. There is something
wrong with world where cost of
living becomes to any people oppres-
sively high. Resources, even in these
old countries of Europe, as in the
newer United States, are undeveloped.
Countries which now import goods and
export food will In time consume their
own food and manufacture their own
goods. Development OF the nations
resources. adequate and comprehen-
sive transportation, and an equitable
distribution OF the profits of labor and
capital. may not bring prices down.
but will accomplish what is more to
be desired, an increase of the aver
age mans income to keep pace with
the increased cost OF his food and
clothing.
Living In the world today costs
bat L. ~.