davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bourbon news. [volume] (Paris, Ky.) 1895-19??, 1914-04-24

WASHINGTO, April 23.-After iSsu-
ing q statement declaring the inten-
ton of the United States to enforce
reparation whenever and wherever
the dignity of the United States is
fioated," President Wilson bent all the
energies to-day to planning for opera
ton in Mexico.
The Presidents statement issued
after a Cabinet conference in reply to
the message received from the Constr
tutionalists' chief, Carranza, declared
that 1--WE are now dealing only with
those whom Huerta commands and
those who come to his support.
From dawn to-day, the wearied
chief of the War and Navy Depart
ments. Secretary of State Bryan and
other Cabinet officials hurried from
conference to conference.
At the White House the Cabinet
officials aided the President in formu-
lating his reply 10 Ca-ranza. AT the
War Deprtment ~0veral conferences
were held to dis: - operations.
The situation CT = Mexican Dor
der was the subjec. I'll the day
conferences ANY cont ii" - move
ment of the army at - Cruz Dy
transport it was reported would be
held I'D as a result Of the Carranza
message last. night.
ditions would permit withdrawal oil
troops there.
Suggestions were made that pe1ore
any extensive army movements coulo
be operated the militia would have &C
be called out by Congressional action
and money supplied for Mobilization
Of large army.
Private advices to-day in code from
Mexico City disclosing that Americans
there were in danger, have been com
municated to government off1cials
The dispatches, which were from
source of unquestionable trustworthi
ness and bore date of to-day, set 1ortl
that mobs of Mexicans were FORMING
Tor anti-American demonstrations
that Americans on the streets nave
been menaced and threatened with vi
olence and that they are concentrat
ing at the embassy for mutual pro
lection.
Word reached the War Department
TODAY that the Constitutionalists ant
the Hertaistas at Tampico had unite'
to oppose any American operations.
The Bourbon news. [volume] (Paris, Ky.) 1895-19??, 1914-04-24
wilson PREPARES
FOR CONFL|CTW WITH
MEXICAN FACTIONS
Planning For Operations in
Spite of Declaration There
Will Be No War.
CARRANZA is ON
THE OFFENSIVE
Rebel General Takes Excep-
tons to U. S. Occupancy
of Mexican Port
PARIS GOYS IN NAVY

OF the four Paris boys in the
United States Navy only one
Of the number so far as is
known is in Mexican waters.
Harold Harris, son of Mrs.
Ernest Harris, a Jackie on
The Z. S. battleshiD Connect
cut, transferred from Tampico
TO Vera Cruz, is believed to
have been among the number
who took part in the engage
ment which resulted in the cap
ture of the Mexican seaport.
Harris has been in Mexican
waters since the first demon
Stration of the MeXicans to-
ward foreigners, when Admi-
raj Fletcher's flagship was or
dered to Tampico. No word
has been received by his rela-
tives or friends here for some
time and his last letter was
sent from Tampico. Many of
his friends received cards from
that point, and in his commu-
nications he stated he was en-
joying life as sailor, and was
in the best of health.
Other Paris boys in the navy
are Wheritt and McVey How
ard, brothers of Mrs. Taylor 4,
Chandler, Miss Jennie Howard
and Logan Howard, of this
city. Letters received from
them a few days ago from New
York. They were aboard the
Wyoming and Texas, respect
lively. Robert Lusk, son OF
Mr.. and Mrs. r. E. Lusk, of
this city, who is also in the
navy enlisted about six
months ago, when last heard
from was at the Norfolk navy
yard.
The Bourbon news. [volume] (Paris, Ky.) 1895-19??, 1914-04-24
PARIS COUPLE UNITE IN
MARRIAGE IN LEXINGTON.

Mrs. Julia French and Mr.. Horace
Nelson, both of this city, obtained a
marriage license from County Clerk
Pearce Patton Wednesday afternoon
and were united in marriage Wednes-
day evening in Lexington.
The Bourbon news. [volume] (Paris, Ky.) 1895-19??, 1914-04-24
SpECTER-OF-WAR
FederaIs and Rebels May Unite
Agains v. S.

WASHINGTON, April % = The
snecter of a general war with Mexico
IN which not only General Huerta and
his de facto government, put aiso the
revolutionary party headed by Gener-
al Carranza, would be arrayed against
the United States, rose grimiy before
The Bourbon news. [volume] (Paris, Ky.) 1895-19??, 1914-04-24
o,shauqhnessy to Leave.

WASHINGTON, April 23.-Charge
'Shaughnessy this morning tele-
graphed the State Department under
date of Wednesday night as follows:
Having been given my passports
am leaving tomorrow night or Friday
morning"
The Bourbon news. [volume] (Paris, Ky.) 1895-19??, 1914-04-24
Kentucky Ready.

LOUISVILLE, KY, April 22.-Gov.
James B. McCreary referring to the
Mexican trouble, said: Kentucky
win be ready for any eventualities.
The Kentucky National Guard is in
splendid condition and ready for any
emergency on the shortest notice"
The Bourbon news. [volume] (Paris, Ky.) 1895-19??, 1914-04-24

WASHINGTON April 23.-Presi-
dent Wilson has ordered the armed
forces of the United States to make
General Huerta an American prisoner
of war.
The Topeka state journal., 1914-01-31

ruin in that part of Arizona to be
preserved and after extended investi
cation it was thought best to begin
repairs that this old house might stand
as a type and show what other ruins
looked like at one time. When repairs
were begun on this home of q van
ished race 1t was discovered that the
construction was unique. Instead OF
brick. a sort of clay moulded into
blocks made on the ground was used.
It somewhat resembles concrete. is
exceedingly hard and in this case the
blocks are about four feet square.
It seemed unwise to the experts to
try to make a similar material or ce-
ment for repairing. They therefore
decided to brace up such walls as
needed reinforcement and to repair
with brick, especially as most Of the
work was necessary near the base OF
the structure. They could do this
without materially altering the ap-
pearance, but when it came to the
roof the work was not so easy. After
considerable thought 1t was decided
to place a corrugated iron roof over
the whole pile. This is not an addi-
ton to the looks or the ruin. but 1t
will insure protection from rain and
wind and in this instance picturesque
ness had to give way to utility. AT
any rate it will preserve the queer
blocks or cajon of which the struc-
The Topeka state journal., 1914-01-31
[Z<.W cozz<Z Pendro1e coZeSe. c221A<voye

Kings is one Of the oldest Of
the colleges. 1t was founded in the
fifteenth century and In a small way.
Tho chapel is the oldest and only
original part of the building that Is
standing. It Is wonderful piece of
Gothic architecture. At the four COR
ners are great octagonal turrets
capped by lofty cupolas. The hall
and library are beautiful rooms ceiled
with fine wood. The library has about
twelve thousand books besides q large
collection of valuable manuscripts.
The best known Of all the Cam
bridge colleges Is Trinity. which lies
west nearly to the river bank. 1t is
supposed to have been built by Henry
VII about the middle OF the sixteenth
century. The most interesting part
Is the chapel in Tudor Gothic style.
Here are seen the statues Of Newton.
Bacon. Macauley and other celebrated
men who were students there. In the
centre Of the court Is a beautiful foun-
tain. 1t h. . charming sample Of
The Topeka state journal., 1914-01-31
OXZara RzZZIlH CNe9e 002a
T2Xz0SQA ~ 260

Every May the choir boys ascend to
the tower and sing their carols and
their anthems. This custom Is sup
posed to date from the days Of Henry
VII. The hall Of Madeline is not to
be passed by unnoticed for 1t Is one
Of the finest pieces of Gothic archi-
lecture in England.
The history Of Cambridge Is equally
interesting. This University Is sup
posed to have been founded by a
Spanish prince. though many say that
1t was tho centre OF the Roman
roads. It was probably at first part
Of an old monastery, and when some
of the Oxford students fed they came
here. Emanuel College Is the most
interesting to American students. 1t
was here that John Harvard. the
founder Of Harvard College. went to
school. The most beautiful part of
this building is the chapel built by
Wren. It contains a wonderful paint
ing Of the prodigal son. The gallery
also has some OF Gainsborough and
Lilly's great masterpieces: while the
library In rich in the manuscripts Of
wycliffe. the English bible. the Old
and New Teetaments.
The Topeka state journal., 1914-01-31

ture is made. The next move is to
see that good roads lead to it SO that
it may - visited by people in gem
eral.
This is by no means the most ex-
tensive work undertaken by the gov
ernment for in the Mesa Verde Ma
tional Park are the famous Cliff
Palace. Balcony House, Spruce Tree
House and Long House built over
and under overhanging cliffs. Navajo
and Cliff Canyons are the most ac-
cessible to visitors and for the past
three years the United States Gov
ernment has been Strengthening and
restoring the principal structures
thought to be several Thousand years
old. Under Jervis Walter Fewkes the
work of excavating and repairing has
been an interesting study though the
restoration has been hampered be-
cause Of vandalism wrought by early
visitors who chopped out pieces Of
walls and carried OF many minor
antiquities such as pottery, cooking
utensils. etc. It Is to be regretted that
work was not sooner begun.
The Cliff Palace, a misnomer, for
1t Is not one. but many buildings. Il
situated in a cave about two hundred
feet deep and occupies about all OF
the space. the roof overhangfng two
thirds of the ruin. Most of the re-
pair work was done on the portion
The Topeka state journal., 1914-01-31

exposed to rain and wind and in
stead Of using brick as in the Casa
Grande, Portland cement was largely
employed and runways were made to
carry on the water. In some sections
whole walls were built, parts were
built to their former height. and as
the ruin is very large and was con-
siderably demolished quite an outlay
has been put upon 1t. The masonry
in this structure is the best found
in the Southwest and where the paint
ed plastering had been defaced the
government repaired the walls SO that
it Is hard to tell where the old stops
and the new begins. In this Palace
are ninety-two secular rooms and
twenty three kivas, or ceremonial
rooms. The whole immense ruin has
taken much work and careful super
vision to try to bring it into some sort
Of condition which will show its origi-
nal purpose and at the same time pre-
serve 1T for the future.
Quite as interesting have been the
repairs on Spruce Tree House, which
| is also under an overhanging cliff. This
ruin consists of many buildings di-
vided into sections by q street. There
are plazas, and courts. balconies, cir.
cular rooms. mortuary rooms. and
lodging houses. There are at 1eas,
seven kivas-those mysterious rooms
dedicated to religious rites. Remark.
The Topeka state journal., 1914-01-31

the largest and most attractive Of all
the colleges. The dining hall with its
many light windows and long tables
Is attractive. Most of the suites in the
women'ss dormitories consist OF q neat
study and a cozy bedroom. The
women studying here take their lee
lures in the different mems colleges.
They pass the same examinations. but
they are only given a certificate in
stead Of the diploma.
The social life both at Oxford and
Cambridge IL certainly charming. This
is in part due to their beautiful sur
roundings and because the English
believe in rest and recreation from
work. In selecting ones college 1t II
largely q matter Of tradition. A man
often goes to one or another place be-
cause his family have gone there for
many generations. Then there are the
different customs and traditions which
these families prize. A freshman at
Oxford IL expected to be shy. dignified
and have great respect for the outward
The Topeka state journal., 1914-01-31
LCEH NO M 6EOCH'
p EHHS G<3oHzz Lzx@ARP
Ic1U GfazLzsS zoUNd
IN HE

Another important place for an
tiquities IL Chaco Canyon in Northern
New Mexico and near Aztec are ruins
to which one can easily walk. These
show various rooms. nre places. etc.
but the number OF rooms has not yet
been determined.
Who were these ancient peoplef
At first they were thought to be an
cestors of tho present-day Indians OF
the Southwest. but now archaeologists-
are not 30 sanguine. The skulls Of
the latter day Indians are shaped dif-
ferently. It II evident that they had
reached a sort Of civilization: tho,
household utensils. clothing. etc. I'm
dicate this. They also cultivated the
ground as shown by irrigation bitches
and q few peach trees. probably in
troduced by Spaniards. which still re-
main. The Smithsonian Institute u
investigating and expects to continue.
The present conclusion IL that this
race of people were obliged to flowly
migrate on account Of changes in
climate which injured the water sup
ply and slowly dried up the land and
that they mingled with the other races
around. Some are supposed to have
drifted to Hopi. Arizona. and along
the Rio Grande.
What language did they speak? A.
yet no one can tell. But investiga-
tors are hopeful and many ruins have
not yet been explored. others per-
haps not found. Many revelations may
come In the future. With excavations
going on in Mexico. Egypt, Athens and
other places we ought to spare NO
| pains to bring to light all that can
| be known regarding our own antigua
ties. The few persons who visit these
prehistoric towns and dwellings ought
| to become many. II the most strik-
ing ruins-it would take many. many
years and much money to preserve
all-are protected by the government
they will give an idea Of the rest. Re-
cent excavations are bringing much
valuable material to light and in time
we may know more of the mysteriel
of our own country. parts Of which
abound with wonders.
The Topeka state journal., 1914-01-31

Renaissance style.
Corpus Christi is another of the col
leges with a long and interesting his
tory. The oldest part OF this building
was built in the early part of the
18th century. 1t IL worn with age
and beautifully carved. 1t was re-
modelled in Gothic on a large scale,
but the new part is really less beauti-
full. This college instead Of being
founded by :. king or great man was
endowed by guild. an important in
stitution in those days. The build
ings are simple but well built This
college has graduated many men who
later became famous. perhaps the best
known are the two great English play
wrights. John Fletcher and Christie
pher Marlowe. The least known. but
two very Interesting colleges are for
women. NEWMAN and Gerton- These
buildings are built Of brick instead OF
stone. They are in lovely Queen Anne
style with plenty Of windows. New
ham has grown until 1t II now one Of
The Topeka state journal., 1914-01-31
HeHc/ze1Lc0 e50<s1ce -Ix,ee zazcx

at some Of these prehistoric monu-
ments. few OF which are In national
parks. It seems q pity to change any
Of these ruins. to use modern methods
Of restoration. and great efforts are
being made to repair them without
altering their appearance. But it is
desirable to preserve what II called
the major antiquities-the walls, roofs,
fire places. etc.-and to restore GER
tain ruins that they may be kept as
specimens in stu. In some instances.
as in Spruce Tree House. a type" ruin
from which people gain an idea of
the other antiquities Of the Messa
Verde National Park. the rooms,
kivas and different parts are labeled
so that one can understand what diff
ferent parts of the dwelling were used
for. All repair work has been done
under the direction Of competent men
selected by the Secretary of the Smith
sonian Institute. the superintendent of
the National parks where the ruins
are situated. and voluntary help from
the Peabody Museum Of Harvard Uni
versity.
The latest ruin to be preserved is
the Casa Grande in Arizona which
has the distinction Of being one of
the few places mentioned in accounts
of the Spanish invasion Of our South
west. 1t Is singular fact. that many
of the large ruins. such as Cliff House
and Spruce Tree House have not been
mentioned in Spanish works. The
Casa Grande was visited by Spanish
missionary and served as a place of
defense against wandering tribes. The
whole collection of ruins occupies
many acres. but the name Casa
Grande is usually applied to one large
structure. which has stood the test of
time better than its neighbors. Its
walls rise over twenty-five feet, it has
rooms fifty feet square and 1t was un-
doubtedly three stories in height. The
construction of the building is exceed
ingly interesting for the walls are
thick. and evidently used for defense.
and there are as many as fourteen
rooms connected by doorways. The
floors are hard. being made of a mix
i ture Of reeds and clay. laid on beams.
| All in all the representatives OF
government decided this was the best
The Topeka state journal., 1914-01-31

College. He went up when he was
nineteen and was then famous for
his classic reading. He was fined
more than once for cutting lectures.
Boswell tells US that on one occa-
sion he complained in some such
words as these, 'Sir. you have sconced
me two pence for non-attendance on
a lecture not worth q penny"
So many poets have graduated
from one and another Of these col
leges that would be impossible to
count them all. The best known of
these are certainly Shelley and Lam
dor. Shelley was a great favorite in
the hall Of University College in spite
Of his shy and modest manner. He
held all the fellow-students SPELL
bound by his easy way Of talking
when he discussed Greek philosophy.
Italian poetry and Plato. Though
Shelley knew little about happiness
later he was very happy at Oxford.
His friend Hogg was very dear to
him and contributed much to his
happiness. This is shown by the tact
that when he was not out-of doors
walking and composing poetry he was
sure to be with Hogg. He spent many
happy hours in Hogg's room chat
ting. eating queer meals and slum-
bering near q fire SO that Hogg boast
ed to Shelley more than once have
I saved you from an untimely death. %
These two young men took long walks
together and spent many q pleasant
hour admiring those splendid regi-
ments OF turrets and gazing upon the
beautiful carvings found on tn. ia
cades and towers
There are many handsome build
ings at Oxford but none finer than
Madeline College. called Madlum by
the English. Its magnificent chapel
IL so tall and graceful that It gives
strength and character to the ntire
building. There IL a charming GUS
| tom associated with this college
The Topeka state journal., 1914-01-31

signs OF his college. There are
plenty of rules he II bound to observe.
The English men are as fond OF tea
as are the women. So . great deal
of their time - spent visiting back
and forth with friends. It il the Gus
tom for breakfast and luncheon to be
served In the room. This does not
mean that students dine alone. Usu-
ally two or three boys take breakfast
together and the number 10 often in-
creased to . half dozen. Breakfast
in usually limited to tea, bread and
Jam. Then the morning papers and
pipes are brought out and smoking.
reading and chatting continue for an
hour. At ten o'clock the lectures COM
mence. Then comes luncheon with
bread, cheese and jam. while the men
who do not need to keep close tab
on their monthly allowance extend the
menu to include . roast or Joint. sov-
eral vegetables and sweet.
In nice weather the afternoons aro
spent on the green walking. playing
in the field and boating. BY four
every man II back In his college; clean
ana dressed for tea. This - taken In
tho commons or In ono Of tho other
clubs. At seven o'clock the bells ring
announcing dinner. The English
commons are like those In our large
universities excepting they are sma1l-
er. for every college has its own
building. Some Of them are very beau
tiful. hung with paintings OF famous
men and decorated with stained glass
windows.
The undergraduates all dine at one
end Of the hail. then the dons come
in and seat themselves at the high
tables. Plenty Of conversation -
mixed with food. but certain things
are forbidden. such ~ punning. swear
ing and talking shop. If man y
guilty Of any Of these offences he
must pay the fine Of . shilling to the
library or order a pot Of bitter beer.
After dinner the dons go to their
rooms for their sweet and port.
The men drop OF to read in the II
braries or to gather in some mans
room for coffee. When the weather
is fine they walk out under the trees
bringing with them their mandolins
| and guitars. Boating takes a great
deal of the time. Besides the Eight ana
Torpids, there are also Fours. Pairs
and Scull races. Each college has its
own scratch fours In summer at the
regatta.
The boats are classified according
| to their records. Tho oarsmen are
recognized by their bright pieces OF
ribbon and flannel tied to their oars.
Frantic are the excited racers ana on-
lockers az they outclass one another.
The races are followed by q series Of
teas, luncheons and balls until the o.
locker IL ready to believe that e0od
times are the chief aim Of the co1leoo.
| Then follow the cricket matches at-
tended by almost ~ much excifemenf.
Finally good times do come to an eud
and there in plenty Of grind preparing
for the examinations. The students
pass all their time between the cane1-
rooms and their tutors. This - -
/ pecially true for the honour mo0.
The Topeka state journal., 1914-01-31

able colored pottery, axes. grinding
stones and wooden objects for do
mestic use have been found here.
These are labeled and preserved in
various museums in the East. This
ruin has been thoroughly renovated.
much work done in propping walls.
and the different rooms have been
marked with the name for which they
were used SO that visitors may get an
idea Of the life and habits of the
mysterious race that once lived here.
The people who built this House are
supposed to have been fairly develop
ed. for their dwellings are con-
structed better than those Of latter
day Indians. The McElmo Canyon.
about forty miles away. contains SINH
lar kinds Of cliff ruins. but instead of
placing them under cliffs they built
their dwellings on the rocks and con-
structed huge watch towers from
which they overlooked the surround
ing country. Southern Utah is also
a rich field for the archaeologists and
later some of these ruins will be pre-
served. The Grande Gulch OF the
San Juan. near which are the famous
Natural Bridges, has walls q thou
ocu0 ACOS 0SSP 0OSeo0 WIN SAAAA v a.
lagos.
Though the cliff ruins Of the Mesa
Verde are in a better state Of preser-
walton and have had more repairs
given them they are not SO great In
extent as those in the PaJarito dis
trict. These last are on a yellow-grey
elevation near Santa Fe. known as the
Pa5arito Plateau. These old COM
munity houses are on the top and
faces Of cliffs. Some are arranged IL
Spanish type around a patio or court
and all are several stories high and
contain ten to twelve rooms. 1t ha,
been estimated that these dwellings
in cliffs extend for q hundred miles
But the elimination of the various
known ruins OF the Southwest is fount
in Rito de los Frijoles. In q canyon
instead Of on a cliff. there are at leas
fifteen villages within q radius Of
| mile. A waterfall guards and render
| impossible one end Of the canyon AM
| the walls rise sheer for five hundre'
feet. Because it is thought that tn
old town with its terraced houses an
neighboring villages may throw som
light on its ancient inhabitants exca
VatiOnS have begun. IS