davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1914-06-24

M6lIon Movements.
Natso1 Navigation steamers were
reported through Castle e Cooke this
MORNING Is follows: The MatsOnia
rom San Francisco IN port. Lurline
a. route from San Francisco for Ho-
IoItI1 and due here June 80. Wilhel.
route from Honolulu to San Francisco,
selling from this port last night. Hy-
00cI sailed last night from Hilo for
San Francisco with cargo only IIIlo.
1'1| dl Seattle, loading for the I1aE
|0|Ian isIahd6 Honolulan IN port TO
sail for Kahniui on Thursday even.
..It cal|ed d Msnos.
Rearing SO cabin passengers and q
|.f.t cargo including 1000 tons q 50.
||I 1000 cases preserved pines,
I|1 DInchce Of bananas 400 crates
81 fresh pines. automobiles and q
0111titl 81 sundfies, the Matson I'm.
q .enoa sailed 1t O'Clock last night
NON pier ID. the vessel being destin-
.. tor San Ff6ncisco. Castle &
Cooke announce that this viii Be the
..| departure Of the Manoa Or the
.|.'ne nom this wharf, pier IS hav-
.| been assigned to these vessels in
|.[O|e departures tor the coast A
'.f1e mail fof the mainland was plac-
- a beard the N6Iloa
I'e. Macleod for Noyb. calf.
load return cargo Of lumber
~ Australia At N0yo Calf, the Brit
a IIe'9hter Clan Macleod. now here
Where TIE last Of shipment Of 500
tons o. coal Is being discharged. IS
1|pected viii sail for the Pacific coast
O. he mainland about Friday even
'|I@ Save q quantity OF bunker coal,
t1e vessel WIN proceed IN ballast
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1914-06-24

The steamer Claudine from Maui
ports Is due at the port tomorrow
morning.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1914-06-24

officers. stations inf
The Washington times., 1914-06-14

number Of persons occupying a room.
and the number of families that may
occupy a tenement of q given area, but
congestion does not of itself make
slums. In one of our large apartment
houses there are more than 1000 per-
sons living. But no one would think of
calling 1t a slum. That the death rate
In alleys is larger than on the streets
Is not always the fault of the alleys,
but generally reflects the character OF
the inhabitants. The colored death rate
in Washington is 50 per cent greater
than the death rate among white folk.
though the death rate In the alleys is
but twice that of the street dwellers.
And more than u.0O0 of the 1900 alley
inhabitants are colored.
Italian Death Rate High.
-In New York the death rate is
heaviest in tho, Italian district, while the
Russian settlement comes second In q
tual congestion il Just as great the
death rate Is not nearly so high.
Scranton. Pa. once afforded an ex-
cellent example of the bearing Of racial
characteristic on the conditions of liv-
ing. On one side Of a long street in
that Industrial city there are rows Of
detached houses occupied by Welshmen
which are models of cleanliness and san
itation and neatness. On the other side
the same sort OF houses presented a
dilapidated appearance, with poultry
running about the door steps. and pigs
being fed in the kitchens. These houses
were p,cupied by another nationality,
not Sp lean as the Welsh.
"Nir.!c Washington has not the sweat-
shop evil. and similar Industrial men,
aces that Affect other cities. there is a
parallel here of those conditions. Places
from which our servants come are the
places which have the highest death
rates. Those who live In the breeding
The Washington times., 1914-06-14

dfcates the growing sentiment against
alley habitation among those who live
In the alleys.
Related to Schools.
''The slum problem. Il believe. 4,
closely related to school work In the
schools lie the remedy. School nurses
are urgently needed in washington so
they may go about In these neighbor-
hoods Of which we complain and teach
hygiene and sanitation to those who
know nothing of preventives against
disease. The schools need a physical
director who shall organize the work
of personal hygiene among the children.
And there is crying need for better
vocational and Industrial education. so
far the public schools have only scratch
ed the surface OF that need.
Remedial legislation also Is needed
In Washington which will prevent over
crowding by establishing a minimum
number OF cubic feet per person I'm all
dwellings. Even when families are
e1ected from alleys there Is nothing To
prevent their going out and overcrowd-
ing houses on the streets Their con-
dition then Is no better than before.
But i wish to emphasize the BRIGHT
sioe OF our position in respect to hous-
ing. Alley dwelllers have been reduced
from 5000 to 1000. No more dwellings
are permitted to be erected In alleys
We have the strongest hope that the
bill providing for a gradual elimination
OF all alley houses will be passed"
The Washington times., 1914-06-14

there now are 27s alleys with a popu-
lation of 1900. less than 1000 Of whom
are white
The prevalence of alleys" she said.
'fs the outgrowth of the method OF
building this city, derived from south
ern cities, where ample alleys were al
lowed back of residences for slave quar-
ters. Most of the alleys here afforded
places for. such quarters When slavery
was abolished the colored folk con-
tinued to live in the same places, often
continuing in the service of their for
mer masters. OF course. they gradually
became wholly Independent. But in
stead of decreasing, the alley popula-
ton thrived.
During the war the shacks used for
slaves were utilized in various ways,
and after the war the owners converted
these into places of human habitation
and continued. to, build in the alleys.
They Encourage Disorder. = "
"One menace OF the alleys is the law
lessness and disorder they encourage.
In a city with a population of $500,
5000 of whom are colored, IL is inpos-
sible to cope adequately with conditions
the alleys encourage with but 700 po-
licemen. These alleys breed every form
Of vice that needs darkness and seclI-
sion to develop.
Working toward the elimination of
alleys as human dwelling places arc
the Associated Charities, the Monday
Evening Club, and the woman's depart
ment of the National Civic Federation.
as we'll as numerous other organiza-
tions. Mrs. Ernest Bicknell and DIR.
Thomas Jesse Jones did excellent serv-
ice in preparing a map and directory
of the alleys. Jacob Riis aroused more
attention than hitherto had been di-
rected toward them when he came here
with motion pictures TO show the condi-
tions under which laundry was being
The Washington times., 1914-06-14

places Of disease come into our homes,
and they take our laundry TO their
homes"
Nurse Was Diseased.
DR.. Folkmar cited one instance Of the
menace Of such conditions. She found
nurse girl. employed by a wealthy
family. afflicted with venereal diseases.
But under our present law" DR..
Folkmar said. 'if reported that girls
condition to the parents Of the babe
for which she was caring I would make
myself liable to prosecution. for VIOLA
ton of professional confidence. This
example shows why 1 would have dis
eases Of this kind reported just as we
report smallpox and other communica-
BILE diseases"
Another factor in slum breeding. Dr.
Folkmar asserted. is public sanitation.
II there Is not sufficient provision for
garbage collection, for keeping streets
clean. for sewage disposal. any district
becomes a slum. from a hygienic stand
point.
THE principal causes favoring the dis
semination of disease" she said, ARE
poor sanitation. under feeding. and
overwork. These conditions are not
entirely dependent upon congestion or
upon location. The chief means OF
communication of disease are personal
contract, infected water and milk and
fly contamination. :
Death Rate Here.
"Ths general mortality rate in the
District for 1872 was 14.e1 per Loo among
the white population and Nn among
the colored. One-fifth the entire NOR
tality was due to disease Of the lungs,
one-fourth were attr1putable to either
lung or intestinal complaints. Conges-
ton. Of course. encourages the dark.
damp. close, poorly ventilated living
quarters on which these diseases de-
pend But even here We find the racial
characteristics enter into the calcula-
tion, for the pneumonia death rate
among white persons is one-third great
er in the alley than In the street. while
among the colored IL Is two-thirds
greater. Bronchitis cases are three
times as many in the alley as In the
street, but in the colored population
they are one-fourth more numerous.
I'VE are well on the way to alley
elimination Therefore I am not 50
much concerned about them as about
the frequency with which we find work.
ing girls sleeping in a room with from
three to six other girls We should not
feel that when we eliminate alleys we
eliminate slums. so far as the disease
long as there are too many persons
sleeping in one room, or when there
are two sets Of persons using the same
room. one set at day and the other at
night, just so long VIII We have the
slums with u.s."
Bad In Winter.
Much also has been said about the
alley conditions in summer. But DR..
Foikmar believes the conditions in
winter. with poorly heated rooms with
little ventilation, and with little pro-
vision for sunlight, are just as bad.
DR.. Van Schaick went into the mental |
and moral aspects of the alley prob |
lem.
What is the use Of abolishins alley |
slums and of building new streets and |
houses II the people are not changed?"
he said. -.. -... .-s
"Reformers are Of two classes. First,
The Washington times., 1914-06-14

1t is no charity to drive these people
into suburban neighborhoods where
they must pay a 10-cent carfare, and
where they will be beyond the reach of
the families for whom they did washing
and other domestic work. So we did
not urge the immediate abolition of
alleys. A census of houses for rent
discloses more than 800 vacant. which
rent for sl5 or less per month, the usual
alley rental These houses are suffi-
cient to care for the persons who
would move out of the alleys the first
year under provisions OF the bill which
would eliminate human habitation Of
alleys in ten years.
Need Public Sanitation.
Not only congestion. but racial char
acteristic of the inhabitants, their in
dustrtal occupation. and the public
sanitation facilities, enter into the
making Of slum district, according
to DR.. Folkmar.
Il am alive to the evils OF congested
living. to the necessity of limiting the
The Washington times., 1914-06-14

done, and the places from which the
best families of the city were recruiting
domestic helpers"
Mrs. Hopkins believes that the alleys
hold over the city the continual menace
of disease epidemic. She pointed out
that women living under conditions
that breed disease are called into homes
to assist IN domestic work. and that
laundry often is done in the alley houses
that harbor all sorts of filth and dis
ease
The next big impetus the campaign
against the alleys received" Mrs. Hop
kins said, was when Mrs. Woodrow
Wilson took a party of Senators and
Congressman on a twenty-three mile
tour through alleys, and disclosed to
them the conditions prevailing in those
alleys"
Shortly after that tour a committee
representing nearly fifty organizations
met at Mrs. Hopkins home and for
mulated the bill now before the House
for the gradual abolition of the alleys.
The Washington times., 1914-06-14
Suffragists Expect Vote
In Congress During July

A vote on the Bristow-Monderl suf-
frage resolution Is expected In the
House before July IS, according to Mrs
Antoinette Funk. Of the Congressional
committee Of the National Suffrage As
ISOLATION
Before that time" Mrs. Funk says.
we shall have presented to the House
and Senate the petitions for eur
May 2 demonstrations, which viii show
Congress the demand for equal suffrage
that comes from all parts Of the 'coun-
Try.
The petitions win be presented to
Congress when the executive committee
Of the national association meets here
during the latter part of this month.
Reports of the success Of special suf-
frage workers in the Southland are
being received at headquarters. Miss
Lavina Engie, of washington, Is edit
ing special woman suffrage magazine
in Florida, and Mrs. Frances Smith
Whiteside, sister of Senator Hoke
Smith. and Mrs. Minnie Battle Allen
are at work in Georgia Mrs. Wesley
Martin Stoner. Of this city. Is doing
field work for the Congressional Conn
mtttee in Illinois.
The Washington times., 1914-06-14
endce Of Numerous Sh11S IN the City Of Washington
Far Reaching Say Experts on Economic Questions

there are those who believe In changing
people by changing their environment.
Second, there are those who believe In
changing the environment by changing
the people. Most Socialists belong to
the first class. Most church folk be-
long to the second class. Both PROPOSE
tions are true. II you change a man he
is apt to make a considerable change IN
his house. II you change house and a
street you are apt to make change
In a man. Even a pig is a clean animal
In q clean sty.
Social work Is one-sided which does
not recognize the truth of both ;rropo-
sitions.
Would Change Conditions.
1.-THE citizens alley committee IL
working to change living conditions. It
does not discard the work that is being
done to educate and reform people. 1t
simply takes hold Of a thing that needs
to be done, a thing which no one else
Is doing.
'1f it succeeds In abolishing alleys rs
places of human habitation It Will make
easier the work of all religionists and
reformers dealing primarily with char
acter. It will remove obstacles
The worst thing about the life Of
ths alley Is that II Is hidden away. All
Of US need the restraints Of public
opinion. Alley dwellers shut IN from
the main life Of the town are exposed
to temptations not so much in evidence
on the street"
Mr.. Van schaick believes the out
ton He paid a tribute to Chairman
Johnson, Of the House District Com
mittee, for his cooperation He also
spoke fayorably Of the attitude Of tho
Senate District Committee.
Il have found nobody In House or
Senate who does not wish to accom-
plish the result aimed at-closing alleys
as places of human habitation- The
only question Is how that question shall
be answered"
An Optimistic View.
Mr.. Ufford took an optimistic view
of the situation. He pointed to the
work Of the Sanitary Improvement
Company, and Of the Sanitary Housing
Company. both Of which organizations
are building model houses to be rented /
at reasonable prices. The former COM
pany. he stated, has built 28s houses |
already and is to erect twenty three |
more, while the latter company has con-
sixty-nine houses and Is plan
ming twenty-eight moro. In all, these
houses are expected to accommodate /
500 families, or about 1000 persons.
'T am hopeful for the alley situation |
here because of the awakened public 4
sentiment" Mr.. fUfford said IT believeI
we can get from Congress cooperation
for any reasonable project looking to
better housing conditions IL we are i
united In our demands
AN encouraging sign to me Is the
growing interest churches are taking In /
such practical problems. In dozens Of
churches here there are small groups /
along lines looking to the bet
terment of conditions in the communi-
ties where they are located.
II recently ran across a boy who gave 4
a street address to his teacher at I
school, though he lived In an alley.
When questioned about this fabrica-
tion the boy stated he was ashamed OF
having it known that he lived IN an
alley. This Is a healthy sign, and in
The Washington times., 1914-06-14
Utah Woman Seeking
Father Believed Here

In an effort to find her father, Ofvis
Thulin. whom she has not seen for
fourteen years. Mrs Ida Thompson, Of
Logan. Utah. has written the Wash
ington police. MIS- Thompson says her
father Is about fifty-seven. She lives
at ss5; North Fourth street, Logan.
Utah, the letter says, and VIII be
grateful for any news of her father.
The Washington times., 1914-06-14
Social Workers Point Out That
Alleys Must Be Eliminated to
UpIift Lives and Characters
of Poor.
Congested Settlements No
Longer Considered Isolated
Sore-Spots, But Evils That
Affect Life of Community.
Has Washington any slumss

Has Washington any sluHss
"Yes is the answer, in chorus,
from social workers. The nature
Of these slums, their extent, their
dangers, and the fight against
tkem are described in this article
By recognized experts.
The menace of the slun1S is far
reaching. They no longer are con-
sidered an isolated sore spot, but
they are nom regarded as an in
sidious evil, affecting the. blood
and life and pitdlity of the entire
community.
Their dangers, and their cure,
are discussed from many angles by
this quartet of experts.
By J.. R. HILDEBRAND.
Now that the segregated district in
Washington has been abolished the
most urgent and most needed social re-
form in the Capital is the :wiping out
c its slufns.
That is the present platform of social
orkers of this city. More than 100
e athered 10 listen to a discussion of all
phases Of the slum problem at the home
o. the Rev. DR.. George S. Duncan, where
four experts described all phases of the
e tuation.
This gathering, held about a week ago,
b. an annual affair, at which social
workers in Washington are invited to
D.. Duncan's country home at 900 Sew
erth street northeast, and there enjoy
the fruits OF his large strawberry patch,
end take up one topic of paramount in
Sersst.
Last year the social evil was dis
G ssed- Because these workers believe
that with the segregated district abolish
ed, The next most pressing problem is
that of the slurns, that topic was select
ID for this years discussion.
Freedom of Expression.
Though only social workers attended
ne gathering. 20 that full freedom of
c0PFcssRon ana Opinlon might De had,
the four experts who discussed the slurn
SITUATION have outlined for The Times
the scope Of their addresses on that
o~cssion =, -.-
These four speakers were the Rev.
John Van Schaick. chairman of the
executive committee of the Monday
Tvening Club; Walter s. Ufford. secre-
tRry of the Associated Charities; Dr.
FlnOra Folkmar,- a physician Of wide
eEpertence in slum work here and in
her cities. and Mrs. Archibald Hop
S, Of the woman's department., Ma
nal Civic Federation. q.
While Mr.. Ufford and Mrs. Hopkins
consider the slum problem here (though
- Ufford balks at the use of the term
= 2. UNI almost synonymous with the
ib' " problem, DR.. Folkmar believes the
ms Of Washington are not limited TO
alleys. DR.. Folkmar asserted that
? ny other factors than mere alley
rFldence, or even congestion, enter
5 the making of a slum neighbor-
! ID.
r. Folkmar discussed the relation Of
= slums TO disease. the Rev. Mr.. Van
naiCk talked of the relation of the
n to mind and morals. Mrs. Hop
) 1s dwelt upon the nature and eN-
[ Of the Washington slums, and DR..
ford told how to eliminate slums of
r. city.
p;storv nf ALLEYS
The Washington times., 1914-06-14
History of Alleys.

Believing the slum question in Wash
gton bears an intimate relation to the
RI stence Of the alleys, Mrs. Hopkins
-~oted her talk TO a history Of the
ey situs tion in this city. She said
The Penn's Grove record., 1914-07-31

ans, objected. Moreover, there was
constant friction in Bosnia, and the
party in Servia which regretted the
breakup of the Balkan League, was
inclined to attribute the discord be-
tween Bulgaria and her former allies
to the operations of Austrian diplo-
macy.
Thirty years ago Servia was a cats
paw for Austria in Balkan schemes,
with Russia backing Bulgaria, but
now the Servians al count on Rus
sian sympathy, for their cause is in
directly the cause of the entire Slavic
race in its double struggle to be free
from German rule, and to fight with
the Germans for the heritage of Con-
stantinople.
Peter Made King by Tragedy.
King Peter, under whose rule Servia
has advanced to a strong position in
Southeastern Europe, came to the
throne as the result of a crime that
shocked the world.
Eleven years g King Alexander
Of Servia and Queen Draga were as
sassinated In their palace at Belgrade.
Half an hour after midnight on June
10, 1903, forty army officers entered
the palace, burst into the apartments
of the King and Queen, and killed
them. Details of the tragedy vary,
but the best authenticated is that the
couple died in each others arms. The
same night several Ministers were
slain by the plotters. The total num-
Der of victims of the conspiracy is
said to have been fifty-four.
The Penn's Grove record., 1914-07-31

come from these two States which
were actually in Austrian hands, the
Hapsburg monarchy formally annexed
Bosnia and Herzegovina. Germany
backed up her ally, and the protests
of Slav powers did not go to the
extent of war. Meanwhile the Slavs
of Dalmatia are under Hungarian
rule; and here, as in Bosnia and
Herzegovina, promises of local self
government have never come to any
thing more than words. Thus the
northern half Of the Servian race is
still under the Austrian Empire.
Meanwhile the southern half was
finally united by the victories over
Turkey in the war of 1912. Not only
did this reconquest by the Servians
of the core of their old empire, IN
Western Macedonia, give a tremendous
impulse to the longing for complete
national unity; it showed the Servian
Nation that it's military organization
could be relied on for hard work.
In the Fall of 1912 the Servians
modified 260, 900 men in the first
three weeks, and later added 145, 900
more to the number; and while their
losses in this war and in the struggle
with Bulgaria in the Summer of 1913
were heavy, the Servian troops fought
brilliantly and proved themselves eff
cient and enduring.
Robbed of Fruits of Victory.
But the fruits of this war were in
part taken from them ty Austria,
whose diplomatic activity was respon-
sible for the ruling of the powers,
which compelled the Servians to give
The Penn's Grove record., 1914-07-31

London. - The Austro-Hungarian
Government declared war against
Servia by a manifesto, which is one
of the b~riefest Of momentous docu-
ments in history.
Germany paved the way for this
declaration by announcing her rejec-
ton Of the British scheme 20 bring
four Powers together in conference
for mediation. Germany explained
to the public her ally could not be
expected to submit her acts to a
European council as if she were one
of the Balkan states.
This announcement preceded the
declaration of war by only two hours,
and gave an exhibition of the per-
fectly harmonious working Of the
partnership between the two nations
which stood firmly together through
the Bosnian crisis of 1909.
The centre of interest has shifted
sharply to st. Petersburg, which
SOlds the decision whether a Euro
pean wal which probably would shift
the balance of power, if not rear
range the entire map of Europe, is
to break out. Negotiations are afoot
there between the Russian Foreign
Minister, Sergius Sazonoff, and the
Austrian Ambassador which are de-
signed to "localize" the conflict.
The nature and progress of these
conservations are wrapped in the
thickest mystery.
Austria Rushes Troops to Frontier.
Reports of small encounters along
the frontier have been permitted to
pass the censor, but military experts
here believe that mobilization has
already been effected and that a thor.
oughly planned campaign is well
under way.
Austria has Communicated the
railway and telegraph lines and is
rushing seasoned and heavily armed
troops to the Servian frontier. Two
Servian ships on the Danube were
captured and the Austrian flag was
raised.
Servian and Montenegro troops are
concentrating on the frontier in Bos.
mia.
Russia is reported occupying a
frontier, and the German fleet has
been ordered to concentrate in hons
waters.
The ships of the British feet every.
where are taking on supplies. Soon
after it became definitely known that
Austria and Servia were at war all
the officers and sailors ashore at
Portland and Weymouth were sum.
moned back to their ships.
France is ready for war. Troop
trains are held in readiness, and the
individual soldiers have been in.
structed when and where to report for
service. Represe ntatives of the army
are on duty in the telephone, tele-
graph and postal stations.
The First and Second s~quadrons OF
the Italian navy also have been or.
dered to concentrate near Naples.