The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1914-06-28

l Nlllte neat, VI steam ana CdTDOnlC
Icid gas produced Sy the infltration
If salt water to great depths in the
earth. His theory like that of Barthel-
ot, is based on laboratory experiments,
which resulted in the production of
hydrocarbons resembling petroleum.
In 1872, Anderson objecting that oil
was derived from coal, on the ground
that even when oil springs were found
IN proximity to such deposits, there
was no loss of butimen in the coal
itself, pointed to the known liability
to polymerisation of the hydrocarbon
gases, and the frequent occurrence of
oil in fissures in the earth's crust,
as evidence that petroleum had been
formed by condensation of gaseous
hydrocarbons from the interior of the
earth.
In 1877 further evidence OF the po-
igin, was published. Cloez obtained
petroleum-like hydrocarbon by the ac-
tion of dilute sulphuric or hydrochlor
ic acid, and even of boiling water
on a spiegeleisen carbide of iron and
manganese), and Mendeleem published
his notable paper on the inorganic or
| gin of petroleum. Mendeleerf refers
to the great density of the earth, to
the well known presence of iron car
bide in meteorites, and of iron in the
solar system, as shown by the spec
| troscope, and to the presence of iron
in basalt and other eruptive rocks, as
| powerful argumentsi II favor of the
view that the interior of the earth
contains large amounts of iron, wheth-
er combined with carbon or not. He
| states that he like Cloez obtained
olefines and other hydrocarbons, in
| the form of liquid having properties
exactly similar to those Of natural
| petroleum, by the action of hydro
chlorc acid on spiegeleisen; but the
theory to which his name is usually
applied ascribes the formation of pc
troleum to the action of carbide of
| iron at high temperature in the in
terror of the earth upon water which
has penetrated through fissures pro
duced in the earth's crust by the ele-
| Of, In bai IN- tlnr
/ changes. He further alleges as Incl
dental arguments in favor of this the
ory the absence of adequate organic
deposits from the strata yielding pc
troleum, at least in Russia the occur
rences of petroleum having no con
nection with the geological age of the
oil bearing strata; and the relations
between petroleum occurrence and
volcanic manifestations, noticed by
so many observers. These statements
have, however, been directly traversed
by geological investigation.
At the meeting of the British Asso-
citation in 1891, O. c. ID. Ross advanced
the theory that petroleum is a product
of the action of volcanic gases on
| limestone. He partly founds his the
ory on the observation of Bischof that
sulphur has been obtained in labora-
tory experiments by the action upon
chalk of hot volcanic gases (sulphur-
Gus acid and sulphurated hydrogen
and assumes that such action would
further produce both olefines and par
affns, with a separation of sulphur
and a conversion of the calcium car
Donate of chalk into gypsum. No eX-
perimental evidence, however, in sup
port of the views expressed, has been
adduced.
The theory of the Russian geolo-
gist Sokoloff 1890, may be summarize
ed: Hydrogen and carbon enter very
largely into the composition of the
heavenly bodies, and hydrocarbons
formed therefrom, make their appear
ance at an early stage. In the earth,
bitumen was in like manner produced,
was absorbed by the glowing viscid
mass, forming the core of our planet,
and as cooling progressed, was trans
ferred to the outer layer, weber it is
now found. In 1889 Meunier has found
ozokerite and its ally kabaite in a me-
teorite.
Peckham quotes the following author
tiles as considering it likely that pc
troleum is condensation product OF
marsh gas: Hitchcock, 1866, ,Coquand
1868, and Grabowski 1877. Coquan, like
many others, connects the occurrence
of petroleum with mud volcanoes, but
he appears to be the only one who
attributes the formation of petroleum
to the condensation of marsh gas into
liquid hydrocarbons under the influ-
ence of such pseudo-vulcanic action.
In 1902 Sebatier and Senderens pro-
| duced nv tha action of acetelvne and