davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1914-04-11
Gut Rate so Per Gent.

She is confident that similar results
could be accomplished in this country
In one city alonc-Dunedin-the work
of the society reduced the infant NOR
tality rate so per cent in nve years
from 1897 to 1912.
Miss Lathrop urges that not only in
cities but in country districts provision
should be made for instructing mothers
in the care of babies: teaching young
girls all practical methods of home
making. including hygiene and feed
ing: giving proper hospital care to sick
babies, and maintaining conferences
where mothers can have their children
examined and can thus learn of any
bad condition before it has progressed
beyond recovery. She also advocates
cooperation between volunteer and
public health authorities in reducin G
the infant mortality.
Miss Iathrop lauds the work of the
New Zealand society, and adds:
Twice New Zealand Rate.
Because of the absence of ade-
ouate birth and death registration in
the United States. the infant death
rate of this country as whole is un-
known. but estimates tend to show
that il is at least twice the rate in
New Zealand. which the registrar gen
eral of that country reported in 1912 to
be 81 per 1000. New Zealand, like Ger
tain of our states. is young and Wig
orous country with a scattered popu-
lation and with no large cities and
there is every reason to believe that
similar volunteer effort in this country
would produce similar results IN
view of the marked and growing in
terest in the preservation of infant
health in the smaller cities and rural
communities of the United States.
believe that the account of the meth
DDS of the New Zealand society is
especially timely.
Evening star., 1914-04-11
Sues for $1o,GO Damages.

Margaret II. Peck has filed suit to re-
cover $4,000 damages from the Washing
ton Market Company for alleged per-
sonal injury. She claims to have fallen
over plank in front of one of the stands
In Center Market April 1. 19I2. and sus-
tanned serious injury. Sne is represented
by Attorneys W. +. Ambrose J. : Eas-
by-Smith and Ralph Il. Fleharty
Evening star., 1914-04-11
Body Pierced by Hot Steel Rail.

PITTSBURGH. April IA red-hot
.ninety-foot steel rail passed through the
body of Charles Miller of E:raddock as
he worked here yesterday at a steel An
ishtHg mill. Miller lived half an hour
Evening star., 1914-04-11

Representative and Mrs. James A.
Hughes and Mrs. Lucaa Sulitn OF West
Virginia leave Tuesday for their hone
Miss Tudelie Hughes via remain until
May ! as the guest of Mrs. Harry c.
Woodyard at the New Willard
Evening star., 1914-04-11

Mr.. and Mrs. John Bugris Shepley have
as their guests Mrs. Anna F. NJ Miller.
who is Mrs. Shepley's aunt. and Miss
Margaret BOYLE of Brooki.n, \. y.
Evening star., 1914-04-11
MARRIED.

MULLIGAN--SMITH. On Tuesday January 20
1914; at Denver: Col. Mr.. TRACY i: NIL
LlGAN, son of Mrs. a. A. Muli-an Of
Washington, and Miss MARY A. l.. SMITH
OF Denver Col.
Evening star., 1914-04-11
NEW ZEAL LAND'S PLAN
FOR SAVING CHILDREN
IL i
Miss Lathrop Says United States
Could Well Profit by the
Example.

What New Zealand has done in re-
ducing the infant mortality rate was
brought to the attention of Secretary
of Labor Wilson today in a letter by
Miss Julia c. Lathrop. head of the
federal children's bureau. with view
to stimulating interest in the work of
baby saving in the United States.
According to Miss Lathrop. New Zea-
land has the lowest infant mortality
rate of any country in the world and
this has been brought about mainly
through TIE efforts of the New Zealand
Society for the Health Of Women and
Children
Evening star., 1914-04-11

Mary Victory Miles. nesress, tae
largest woman in Somerset county, Nd,
was buried Friday She was thirty years
old and weighed f11 mounds
Evening star., 1914-04-11

Capt. and Mrs. Russell H. Davis will
visit the parents Of the former Mr. and
Mrs. Charles r. Davis. over Easter week
efin.
Evening star., 1914-04-11
IN THE WORLD OF SOCIETY
a WHITE HOUSE MUSICAL LATE
IN THIS MONTH.
Wedding Plans Of Miss Bennett
and Mr.. McKinley-0ther
Events-Notes.

Mr, Melvin A. Clark of syracuse will
play the harp at the White House on
a program with the Presidents daugh-
ter April IL.
Evening star., 1914-04-11

Miss Marian Taylor gave luncheon
and thaater party today for Miss Min
ME May Wingate. a bride of next
Wednesday. The other guests were
Mrs. II. NJ. Phelps, Miss Dorothy Shaw.
Miss irene Meyers. Miss Jessie Ram
say. Miss Dorothy Gibson Miss Mabel
Reeves and Mrs. Horace w. BarGum.
Evening star., 1914-04-11

Mrs. Walker and daughter, Mrs. Harr.
and sor left today for Atlantic City to
spend the Easter holidays.
Evening star., 1914-04-11

W. Richardson's home. 1877 Connecticut
avenue. Miss Janet Richards will speak
performance is presented by the Maj.
William Overton-Callis Chapter through
its regent, Mrs. Margaret Monteiro Ber-
ry. The many patronesses besides the
members Of the chapter. include Mrs.
Charles r. Davis. nominee for the office
Of vice president general. d. A. R.. and
wife of Mr.. Charles r. Davis of Mime
sofa; Mrs Horace NJ. Towner. Mrs.
Claude Swanson. Mrs. James NJ. Gudger,
Mrs. John W. Langley and Mrs. H. E. c.
Bryant.
Evening star., 1914-04-11

Mrs. Charles 4. Johnson entertained
the Tuesday Sewing Club of Brooilland
at the last meeting. Those present were
Mrs. :. II. Hines. Miss Cornelia Muddi
man, Mrs. Savage. Mrs. +. jackson. jr.;
Mrs. Sherwoo Mrs. r. Hoover and Miss
jackson.
Evening star., 1914-04-11

Or. and Mrs James Walter Heustis
arc again at The kenesaw. on the Avenue
OF tn" Presidents and Irving street after
spending the winter in southern Califor-
Evening star., 1914-04-11

Mr. and Mrs. George F. Becker have
returned from the south. Mrs. T. Nelson
Vale and Miss Vale will spend Easter
with Mr.. and Mrs. Becker at their home,
on Rhode Island avenue.
Evening star., 1914-04-11

Mrs. \. NJ. O'Dcnoghue. Mrs. Franz
G. Hogan and Mrs. ". c. CARROT of this
city have gone to Bermuda on the
steamship Bermudian. which sailed
April s.
Evening star., 1914-04-11

In.. DISTRICT BURIAL VAULT Is A 2otn
century conception; made of close grained
Crete flint. steel reinforced: water and vermin
proof. reasonable: furnished by funeral u
rectors. 2So3 North Car, st Phones y 39tS
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1914-08-15
AGRICULTURAL BULLETINS.

THE following bulletins, issued by the
Extension Division of the Oregon
Agricultural College, have been pub
hshed since January l, 1914, and copies
may be had by residents of Oregon upon
request:
Oregon Corn by H. D. Scudder.
How to Conduct Fly Campaign by
III. F. Wilson.
Fruit and Vegetable By-Products by
C. l. Lewis and W. s. Brown
Feeding Young Chicks by Miss Clara
Nixon.
Making Bahcock Test and Keeping
the Records, by w. A. Barr.
Feeding and Care of Dairy Cows by
q. B. Fits.
Fowl Tuberculosis by T. d. Beckwith.
Septic Tanks and Absorption Systems
by T. d. Beckwith and 7. A. Teeter.
Feeding the Dairy Cow by R. R.
Graves.
Raising the Dairy Calf by E. B. Fits.
Farm Butter Making by o. G. Simp-
son.
Silo Construction and Silage Feeding
by r. R. Graves and W. A. Barr.
Improving Oregon Dairy Herds by r.
r. Graves and E. B. Fits.
Breeds of Chickens by ]. Dryden.
Handling the Fruit Crop by @. l..
Lewis and W. s. Brown.
Growing the Oregon Potato Crop by
II. D. Scudder.
How and When to Spray the Orchard
by II. s. Jackson.
In addition to the foregoing list 81 In
dustrial Club bulletins have been issued
for special use of the members of the
Boys and Girls Industrial Clubs Of
Oregon.
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1914-08-15
VALUE OF s1LAaE FEED.
seTHE relative value of roots, kale
1 and silage-the usual sources of

saTHE relative value of roots, kale
and silage-the usual sources of
sueculence for winter feeding
depends upon their composition, com
parative feeding values, cost of pro-
duction, keeping qualities, and eonven-
ience Of feeding" says Professor r. R.
Graves, head of the o. A. c. Dairy De-
partment
''The total digestible nutrients in
one ton of corn silage is 326 pounds.
In ton of red clover silage the total
is 224 pounds, but the nutritive ratio
is to SO, while in corn il is to IL.
The digestible nutrients in a ton of
sugar beets is 224 pounds, with ratio
of TO S.5. In rutabagas the total is
1856 pounds to the ton, with ratio the
same as that of sugar beets. The di-
gestible nutrients in a ton of kale are
but 139 pounds, while the ratio is very
narrow to 2.S. 1t is also true that
the nutrients of apple pomace silage
are pretty high, about 216 pounds to
the ton. Their nutritive ratio Is the
widest Of any of the common winter
sueculents, being to 1853.
"The corn and clover silage contain
the greatest percentage of dry matter,
while ksle and some of the roots con-
tain 90 per cent water. One ton of
corn silage contains as much digestible
nutrients as a ton and half of sugar
beets, 1.S tons rutabagas or carrots,
and 23 tons Of kale"
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1914-08-15
WHERE FARMERS PROFIT BY
SEED-TEsTING WORK.

nURING the three years of opera
- ton at Baton Rouge, La, the CO.
operative seed testing laboratory
doubled the number of samples of seed
tested each year. Last year there were
about 900 tests made and 80 per cent of
them were for individual farmers.
This is in marked contrast to the
record at the Oregon Agricultural Col
lege, where fully rs per cent of the
tests made are on samples supplied by
seed houses. Farmers have not been so
ready to take advantage of the work
in Oregon as they are in Louisiana,
with the result that there is greater
loss due to imperfect seed in this state.
There is likewise greater reed of seed
testing in Louisiana. The viability of
many kinds of seeds is greatly reduced
by the heavy rains and hot weather.
Northern grown seeds that keep their
vitality well in the north rapidly lose it
in the humid warmth of the south,
and after year alfalfa and clover seed
are generally worthless for plant. But
little of these crops are grown in the
Red River Valley, with the exception
OF crimson clover, which is grown on
sandy lands.
Lespedeza, or Japan clover, takes tlS
place of clover in rotation, notification
Of soils and forage, and is especially
important in diversified farming. The
seed is threshed with hulls on, so that it
is likely TO heat badly and become
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1914-08-15
ESSENTIALS OF BREAD MAKING.
Sc ~ GOD BREAD can be made from
w either good hard wheat flour

~ WI NJ Ndu Dt
~ either good hard wheat flour
or from good soft wheat flour, !"
says Dean Henrietta Calvin of the Ore
gon Agricultural College, "but you
should know which you are using be-
cause they require different treatment.
Hard wheat flour may be made into u
soft dough, and if it is very hard wheat
then the bread should be kneaded down
several times. Soft wheat flour should
be made into very stiff dough and the
bread will not need to rise more than
once before il is put into the pans.
Homemade yeast is much better
than the dry yeast ii can be likened to
the seed saved by good gardener from
his own healthy plants. When properly
prepared it contains millions of live,
growing, microscopic plants. Liquid
yeast can be kept in cool, dark place
about two weeks.
''Sweet milk is the best of all liquids
for bread making. 1t should be sealded
and then cooled. The micro-organisms
e-A"" Nouoo oouAhooo III Hlilk ufc LnuS
heated until they all die. Milk bread
will be a little yellow but its flaver is
better and it is more nutritious than
water bread. Water may be used in
stead of milk, however, and good bread
can be made with it.
"Sugar is good yeast food. A little
added to the bread does not affect the
flavor of the bread but does quicken
the action of the yeast. Salt is used for
flavor. Such small quantity as is used
in bread does not materially retard the
growth of yeast but does whiten the
bread.
"Bread while rising must not be kept
too warm. More bread is spoiled by too
much heat than too little. Bread that
feels warm to the hand is too warm.
The bacteria which cause sourness. and
are to the bread baker as weeds are
to the gardener, grow rapidly in the
dough if it is quite warm"
The foregoing information in compre-
hensive form, together with detailed
directions for making good and whole
some bread, is found in Extension Bull
letin Series 8, No. 20, Essentials of
Bread Making" which may be had by
writing the Extension Division, o. A. O.,
Corvallis, Oregon, for copy.
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1914-08-15
ART IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS.

THAT public sentiment in America
] will demand better and moro beau
tiful architecture, better planned
cities, more refinement in the furnish
ings of homes and more art in dress
and daily surroundings, is the belief Of
Miss Edna M. Flarda, instructor in
art at the Oregon Agricultural College.
II is the purpose of art in the public
schools to train the child to meet these
demands. The child should be taught
to know the needs of our people and
the finest ways of meeting those needs.
This is where the appreciation and ap-
plication of art principles are vital
part of the ehild's training Appreeia-
tion of the beautiful ard finer things
in life win make him happier, broader,
more liberal and an inspiration to his
fellow creatures. Thus it is that art is
for the many and not for the few.
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1914-08-15

worthless. One plantation farmer sowed
$50 acres to lespedeza with INFESTED
seed, and reports that he secured only
a ten per cent termination, resulting in
entire loss of time, labor and seed.
Activity is greatest in the months of
December, January and February, dur.
ing which time many planters gave a
great deal of Thought to the selection
of seed. Seed dealers also take great
deal of interest in seed testing, and
one scotsman publishes advice to his Gus,
toners recommending a frequent resort
to the seed testing laboratory. Next to
lespedeza the seeds most largely sub
mitted for test are rice, cotton, COW
peas and velvet beans.
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1914-08-15
BAsKETRY EXHIBIT.

20 LEARN and to construct articles
4 of basketry, reed and raffia, in
course of forty hours, was accom-
plished by number of summer school
students at the Oregon Agricultural Col
lege. A collection Of baskets and
basketry arts was made by the instruc-
tor, Miss Helen Cowgirl, last Thursday
afternoon. Some of the individual ex-
hibits showed very great progress by
the exhibitors, and one member of the
class had five well executed pieces of
various artistic designs, all prepared in
the space of two weeks.
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1914-08-15
LIMITING POWERS OF TRUST.

eeTHE problem for the future is the
regulation, not the destruction
of the trust" says DR.. Hector
Macpherson, of the Oregon Agrieul-
tural College. "The question of the
statesman who is intelligently sohcitous
for the welfare of our democracy is not
'Shall large combinations existf but
rather, 'In what form and under what
limitations shall they exist" We want
to get rid of the evils of the trust and
preserve the economies of consolidation.
One way to accomplish this is for the
state, by virtue of its police power, to
compel publicity, regulate prices, and
control the treatment # workmen. An
other method is for the masses to take
over the control of industry and COM
merce, and distribute the profits among
the many. which have heretofore been
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1914-08-15
AMMONIA IN SOILS.

hnTHE Transformation of nitrogen
Y ous substances into ammonia in
soils is one of the most impor-
tant phases Of the nitrogen cycle in
Soils" says Professor T. d. Beekwith,
bacteriologist at the Oregon Agrieul-
tural College. "It represents a certain
stage in the process of decomposition,
and bears a close relation to soil fer
tility problems. The chemical reaction,
in which ammonia is one Of the end
products, depends upon many factors.
Moisture and temperature of soils, as
well as physical and chemical compost
tion, play an important part in deter
mining the amount of ammonia pro-
duced. Soils that are well aerated are
favorable to ammonification. Lime is
of distinct benefit in acid and heavy
soils, sweetening and tightening them
so that aeration and chemical reaction
can proceed. 1t may be said in general
that while ammonifieation is neces-
sary and complicated part Of the pre-
paration of plant food in soil, FORUM
ately for the farmer it proceeds most
readily in those soils that are in good
for cultivation, SO that is a
matter that will regulate itself in soils
that are kept in otherwise good condi-
tion for crop production"
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1914-08-15
HITS scRuB s1REs.

eesFHE SCRUB SIRE has done in
estimable damage to the quality
of Washington livestock. He is
a curse to his owner, who is cursed by
his neighbors. The pure bred sire that
is backed by parents and grandparents
of high merit win add quality to the
offsprings of your herd" From the
foregoing, which was taken from the
Washington State College news letter,
il is evident that Oregon is not going
to be left alone to fight the battles for
better sires for the dairy breds. Bet
ter herds, right feeding, proper manager
ment and sanitary products are the
things sought by the dairy department
Of the Oregon Agricultural College.
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1914-08-15

distributed among the few. We have
many illustrations of the latter method
in European history, and few cases in
America that are right to the point, one
of the best of which is the success
full struggle of the grain growers of the
Middle West with the elevator trust
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1914-08-15

Mix these materials thoroughly and
add sufficient warm water TO make q
coarse erumbly mash. Don't get the ma
terial sloppy; it should fall apart readily
after pressing together in the hand.
This material should be sown broad
east over the field in the early even
ing. About five pounds to an acre is
usually sufficient. Cutworms feed on
this material in preference to vegeta-
tion.
Some sueeulent crop, such as hog
weeds or alfalfa spraved heavily with
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1914-08-15
All. BURTON

Education
[ raduated
from Southern
Illinois State
Normal, 1901;
University of
Illinois, 1907;
University Of
Oregon Law
ocnool, lSIn.
Experienee-
Taught 8 years
in untry
| schools, 6 years
! as principal and
as superintend-
ent, z years in
large high
OILS; now
: &C hing in
W ash. High
8 Q h ool, Port
land.
terms for com-
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1914-08-15
USE POISON BRAN MASH TO CON
troll CUTwoRMS.
AUTWORMS are menacing various

NUTWORMS are menacing various
~ garden truck and field crops at
points throughout the valley. The
attack is so general and the eutworms
are present in such nuI bers that drastic
measures seem warranted to prevent the
occurrence of an epidemic Of the pest.
Arsenical sprays some times prove
practical, according to A. L. Lovett, in
sect specialist at the Agricultural Col
lege. The best general treatment for this
cutworm is, however, the poison bran
mash. This material is prepared as fol
lows:
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1914-08-15
State Superintendent
Of Schools

Prineiplss-I favor longer terms for cosn-
try schools, consolidation where practical,
better teachers, teachers promoted for merit
only, practical courses, States money more
economically axnended.
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1914-08-15

Paris green, then moved and placed in
small heaps about the field is of some
value.
TaÌˆgliches Cincinnatier volksblatt. [volume] (Cincinnati [Ohio]) 1885-1919, 1914-04-13
Niuntua, bcn 13, sipril 1914.

Rublauo bat gegen ben Son>
greBz3eprdientanten Sharp als Bot
Icbafter aus Dem @runoe @innano Pr.
hpbsu, olb cr fir 4ufbeblng Der Yer
trGge nit ieuem qun0e seitimmt bat.
Gu Die gr0bte 3ahl Der &Ongrebs
Mitglieber pns gleide getban bat, -
piro es i6per 6ulten, einen Der rui'lz
i9en Regierlms genebmen Soti9aIte:
gu finoen. IS miro au6 uiats Ida
sen, penu Der Poiten unbeiest bleibt,
tenn pie erIi9tlib lit na9 8drbaren=
art bic ruIiiIAe Regierirns fir btplo+
mdtiI6e Yoritellungen, gletdptel pon
nel6em 2anoe lie tOmmen, un8u9dngs
LID. aein 2ano bat beHeren gnipruh
auf @ntgegentpmmen uls SeutI6Iano,
6as ii6 Der rufiiIdsn RegierlIng IN
isOsr oentbaren 0eiie sefdllig erpeIit.
SroBoem 1T es 9eutI6lanb ni6t ses
lungen, BEN 'brutalen 8erbalten gegen
oeutIte 9uftI9iffer, bic ourh Die
Notb geSpuneen peroen, auf rlili.
T6em gooen al lanoen, Gtnbalt gu gs'
bistsn. Sine 3uriid8iebung aller 9iz
plomaten BON ct. petersburg, bis alIf
Die Geiddftstrdger, piiroe pieIIei6t
Ginorud uuf Die &oiaden MAIDEN.
TaÌˆgliches Cincinnatier volksblatt. [volume] (Cincinnati [Ohio]) 1885-1919, 1914-04-13

| fenoite sllisbrrf fir Die naipe Sc
bensluIt, Die riidbaltIoie Sfienbcii
oes sfarbigen Gentleman, Der, ieoer
9eriteIluus abbolo, iein Sers aui Der
3unae tr1gt uno ltets bereit lit, oie
aar3e @elt nIs yirere ct co6on" ail
Die 0ruit 5ii briiden.
sm ailffGlIigen WibsrIpruf gu Der
sipar b0hft maleriiden, aber i'm 9lus
eemeinen bod 5ismli9 armIelissn
6dufermaife Santiagos itsbt elm flln>
ieInaaelneues S9ulsebGube, bas nit
dmerifaniihem Gelbe erbaut lporpen
| iii nnb nidDt rpeniger als "a WiIliou
Dollars aetoitet bot gtatiirlid) betrad,.
ten bic rfarbigen Gentlemen" sinen
oernrtigen glufnano fir berdrtise
3pede als iinnloie 0srseubung, unb
man muB ibnen 5ugeben, bub iie nit
bieisr QnIidt aud pirtIit uneefdbr
bas gtidties trsffsn. albsr bic pomps
bofisn Shulgebdubs gebDren 5ur pos
litiiden SnOdiionspoIitit Der Danz
ices, es iinb lppbI6erehneie Spmbole
ibrer Msadt, lie iouen Dertiinben:
Sebt ber, ipis bier Die Gultur erit nit
uns ibren Gin5us belt. 9isis Be-
tradtuna leitet 5u einem probiem bin
iiber. bas auesnblidlidb lpieoer dlle
Usmiiiber auf &ubd in inteHiipiter
Wtiie beiddftist, ndmlif gu bem
9rbGItnib apiihen aubn unp ben
gersiniaten Siadten. Die Sniel
nsnnt iih beianntlid ieit 1902 freie
yiepubIit, aber NIT Der llnabb1ngiss
teit bes iun9sn Staatss lit bag 10 cine
eiaens Sats. .Ontsl Gam" bat 10
piel bineiitsurshen unb DAT alle groben
llnternsbmungen auf au6a oermdben
inter aontroIle, bab man ipobI fagen
onrf bas Sdtpsreeipidi Der Regies
rina Iieet niht in 5apanna. ionbern
i'm Wsibm Sduie gu, Tdfbington,
oOer nod aenauer ausgsoriidt: in ben
Yripaitontoren Der Rem Yorter S5is
nan,bdrons. Die tubdniihen gloiios
naliiisn empiinben bieie lleb.rma6t
Fer ,qmeritanps" als cine Samah,
uno lpie iie tinit bic 4meritausr ries
fen. Inn BON ben Spaniern befreit 81
perbsn, 10 ipiiuifsn Tie fih iest glns
besaenpHsn 9sgsn bic einitigen gers
biinbeien. gs CART i'm itllen iibsrdll,
unb man muntelt in 6oubelstreiien
piel BON elmer ndbe bsporftebnosn
bes stufitanbss bon
1906. a6et bic qlusiihten auf eriols
limb i.br i6Iedt, bsnn IS febli ON
lpi6tiaiten: om 6elb uno elmer !
5ruutbarsn Streitmnhi. llnb 10 |
piirbe Elm nsuer glufiiaub uieusi4t |
nur ben ein.n, pon ben Dantses innig |
1elpiinihten Grfole bdten, oab bic |
Qrle Der antillen" snbsiiltia in ben
seiib Der gsrtinisten Stndten iibers
lebt.
9ictor Sttmaun.