The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-11-01
the COWS are MIXED under the rays OF
incandesccnt burners.

largest in Chile. 1t has an electric
plant rum by the falls OF 9, branch. OF
the alapoclIa River. This is now fur
nishing o-horscpnwer. which, is used
III the factories and other establish
ments connected with the picDeriy.
Everything excepting the farming and
cultivatin:: is lone by electricity, and
this includes ;he lhras!,in@ II I'LL Kinds
of grain. the sawin;; Of lumber The
lighting the owners; home ard the
moving OF the machines of :, large man
iuf"":Irins plant. ON ;lat estate there
are twelve miles of railroads and hero
! is one peach orchard in. bearing TINT
contains $4,000 trees. Every field is
walled with poplar trees. aud, the re-
ceiDts must equal, should say. the
salary Of our PrcStden1. Nevertheless
IL was twelve yeats before Santa Ines
began &c pay, and Iurint; ihat time it
cost Don Salra,lu: I%qu;cr!o s. who
OWLS ii. an outlaycf $au6.00l.
During my las visit TO chile WIS.,
tied the estate OF .,l;tcul. which belongs
to the Cousinos. Tie descendants of a
/, woman who was long said to be the
richest widow OF the world. This cs-
tate cost more Than S5O0.p0U when it
was bough, by Don Cousimo. 1t is
now valued at orcr sl.oQo.o0O. 1t con-
! sist; of about 1000 acres Of irrigated
! land. and it has y :a"sc number of fine
blooded horses ana $50 cattle bred from
/ the best Durham stock. It's Vineyards
have hundred OF thousands OF vines.
and they produce millions OF bottles
| OF wine every year. The water rents
there are about as much as the salary
of United States Senator. and the
| irrigation bitches are marked out by
long lines of poplars. The park OF
Macul is one OF the finest in Chile.
Another large estate is that or
Aguila belonging To Don Santiago dc
'roro which contains 1900 acres. 1t
is not far from Santiago, and ii took
me about two hours on the train to
go there. AT the time of my visit The
/ hacienda had over 1000 cattle and 200
| horses. the most or which were used
! for breeding alone, and for the fam
ils and guests. All of the farm
work was done by oxen. OF the eat
tie 800 were dairy cows. which brought
i'm about $4,000 worth OF milk and
$4,000 worth of butter a year
The Aguila hacienda has many long,
low one-story buildings running
sround pntios and gardens. These
form the home OF the owner. They
have roofs of rcd tile. and their floors
are OF brick. They have wide purches,
and their windows look out on the
gardens. They are situated in a grove
of trees which are 1T least 90 feet
high, and among these are wonder
fui pnlnls. When visited il the house
contained about two score OF guests,
In addition to tho thirty children and
grandchildren of the family OF its
owner. Each Of these children had
It's own pony.
others of the haciendas here have
beautiful buildings Of. modern con-
struction, with great parks with miles
oil shady drives. and all OF the other
surroundings OF n millionairc's home
in the States Many of them are using
modern machinery, and some are now
cXpcr i'm cnting with fertilizers and in
intensive cultivation. Everywhere
go 1 see American plows, and there
are three or. four importing houses in
Chile who have thhir travelling sales
men going over tho country drumming
each haciendada as to the introduction
of American harvesters. reapers and
windmills.
One Of the interesting features of
farming in Chile has to do with the
labor This is made up almost alto
gether of II class known as inquilinos.
or the class of which travellers some
times speak as the rotos. This is
wrong. The word-roto is IL contcmptu-
Gus word. meaning, torn or ragged, or,
as ii might be called rasamuiIin. The,
proper term is inqUil!no or farmer. lie
Is q respccter person, and he may or
may not he ragged. These people are
the descendants of the Indians, and the
immigrants from tire northern pro-
vinces of Spain. They are the lnboring
class of tho country, and they cor
respond to the poems Of Peru. although
they are far above them in character
and efficiency. They are excellent
workmen, and they can learn almost
anything that reDiires hardness and
craft. They are very proud, and will
not tolerate abuse or insult. You
might kick Peruvian peon and he
would stink away humbly. The Boliv-
ian Indian is afraid that his master lis
angry IL lie liz not punished now and
then, but the inpuilno would be likely
to resent such treatment and leave.
Indeed. ! doubt if II would be at all
safe for his master to lay his hands on
him. On the hnciendas. who're 1 have
been. there seems to me n good spirit
existing between the hacicndado and
the lnborerr. The latter are deferen-
tiaI. and the owners sustain a sort OF
patriarchal relation toward them.
They are interested in treating them
well. for If they do not the inquilino
will leave. and il is upon his labor
that the man must depend for the work
upon the estate.
The conditions Of employment are
somewhat like that OF the old feudal
times. The hacieudado owns the land,
and he let's each of the worllmen have
a small tract to cultivate and also pas
turagc for his stock IL he has any.
This tract may consist OF two, three.
four. i've or ten acres, and 1t may be
only enough for a house and garden.
IN return for the use OF the land the
inluilino agrees to give one mans
work to the owner when he requires
It, This means that he pays a rent for
the house and grounds OF about $3.50 a
week. and at the came time has house
for his family to live in. In some cases
small wages are paid. but as n rule
the man Is expected TO furnish one
hand for his labor. If his family does
work. they. of course. receive an adj
ditional payment Many of the inauili-
nos are in debt TO their employers. but
the laws here are not like those Of
Peru end Bolivia. which make the
poems almost debt slaves.
The huts Of the poems are OF the