Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1914-05-08

Of its jurisdiction may be seen from
the Commonwealth definition OF "in-
dustrial matters"
"All matters relating TO work, pay,
wages. reward. hours, privileges.
rights or duties OF employers or en-
ployes. or the mode, terms and condi-
tons or employment or non-employ-
ment; and, in particular. but without
limiting the general scope OF this def
milton, the term includes all matters
pertaining to the relations OF employ
ers and employees, and the employ
ment, preferential employment. dis
missal or unemployment OF any par
ticular persons, or of persons OF any
particular sex or age, or being or not
being members of any organization,
association or body; and any claim
arising under an industrial agreement;
and all questions of what is fair and
right in relation to any industrial
matter having regard to the interests
Of persons Immediately concerned and
OF society as a whole" Surely, this
definition is broad enough to satisfy
any workingman.
The object of the court, to summar-
ize further provisions of the law, is
to endeavor to prevent and settle in
dustrial disputes; and when they have
occurred to reconcile the parties. The
court may fix and enforce penalties
for breaches of awards, restrain con-
tro nf tho ond nXnrnion
all the usual powers of court of law.
The court may prescribe a minimum
rate of wage; it may, also, as regards
employment, direct that preference OF
employment or service shall be given
to members of unions. An opportunity
Is offered for objection to a preference
order, and the court must be satisfied
that preference Is desired by a ma
jority of the persons affected by the
award who have interests in common
with the applicants. The court is to
bring about an amicable agreement,
If possible, to conciliate and not to
arbitrate, and such agreement may be
made an award.
Wages Increased.
The result Of compulsory arbitra-
ton is not an academic question in
Australia. The fruits of this and other
labor legislation are here. First and,
to the wage Garner, the most impor-
tant fruit is that wages have been in
creased. Among the minimum wages
established by courts or wages boards
few representative ones may be
quoted, in most cases an increase OF
10 to 80 per cent:
Bricklayers, SO a day; carpenters,
$2.75; painters, $3.50; plasterers, SO;
stonemasons, $3.50; milliners. for
women, So a week; bookbinders, SIG
for men, Sc for girls; brickmakers
$3.50; butchers, $14; cigarmakers
$12; gardeners, $11.50; farm laborers
Sc week, with rations.
InciviIity and Class Discord.
Not only have wages been increased
and conditions of labor improved, but
the workingman has gained an indie
pendence which sometimes degene
rates into incivility and brutality. He
has not, as mass, learned how t.
use his leisure hours for other things
than gambling, sporting and loafing
AS result of or accompanying the
new labor legislation, laziness has in
creased and slackness of work Is OBJ
servable in many quarters. Tha
gentle manners have not come to the
Australian workingman might we'll b.
expected. He will lay down his lif,
for a woman, but he will not stoop tt
pick up her handkerchief. And mos
women, in Australia, would rathe
have their handkerchiefs picked VI
daily than their lives saved once il
a long while. Civility the working
man mistakes for servility-and o
the latter he will never be guilty
Gentleness is plant of slow growtl
and not a product of acts Of parlia
ment
The class spirit enhanced if not en-
gendered by labor legislation makes
for the present at least, a bitterness
between employer and employe tina
does not argue we'll for the future
The common interests are not yet gen
orally recognized. This class spirit il
encouraged by many paid officials o
the trades unions who find their occu
pations gone in times of industrial
peace, and hence seek to upset cour
awards, defy court judgments, pro
mote strikes and stir up strife.
The necessary wounds made b,
labor legislation would heal much les
= slowly If the paid agitators could b,
, compelled to refrain from tearin;
= them open. Strikes continue and
most serious condition-capital, with
out which working with labor Austria
liza cannot develop or prosper, hest
tates.
!, The Danger Ahead.
1.-THE compulsory arbitration law
and allied measures have greatly i'm
, proved conditions of living in Aus
tralia," said distinguished labo
. minister, "but they are in the frs
stages Of experiment. II they can b,
impartislly administered in the inter
ests Of society as whole by disinter
. ested judges, with obligations equally
to be observed by and penalties