davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-05-17

their pronunciation and those who used only the correct forms laughed together over them
 For reading. the text was little news paper called the Rowan County School Messenger and published weekly by Mrs Stewart. For obvious reasons it was more acceptable than a primer would have been. It dealt with local affairs, and was written in short sentences that told of neishborhood happenings. It told of the schools and while the pupil was getting practice fin reading he was finding what other schools were doing. When he read ''They are putting up window shades and hemstitching curtains for the Chestnut Grove school, he determined to improve the appearance of his own school
 If the little paper told of some agricul- tural experiment performed in another school he wanted the same thing tried at his school.
 The paper carried one poem in sections. a stanza or two to be memorized at q time.
 The textbook in arithmatic was a little book dealing with everyday problems Of rural life. and it became extremely popu- lar
 The effect of the moonlight school upon the day school was gratifying Parents who had never seemed to be in sympathy with the school were moved by their at tendance upon the moonlight school to make sacrifices that their children might attend school. Such a splendid spirit was manifested that 1t resulted in an ex- tension of the term.
 A school trustee In one place said that he had lived in that district for 55 years and had never seen the school succeed as 1t did after the moonlight school was in- augurated When the parents and grand parents of the children went to the night school for a short time they papered the house:- put in new windows. bought new stove pipe. made steps. contributed money and bought fuel for the winter. Religious services held in the little school house were improved by the awakening of the community through the moonlight school.
 In one district the school children had for 20 years hopped ac. oss the creek from
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-05-17
DOING AND OVERRIDING
Problems of Athletics Lack Proper
 Supervision, Says a Doctor

The distinction between doing and over- doing. according to The Journal of the American Medical Association in the course of an article on athletic sports con sidered in their relation to health. needs to he learned and appreciated more than any other single factor in the rational pursuit of bodily exercise for health and enjoyment rather than for personal su- periority and group supremacy
 It Is strange" says the writer, that the problems of athletics rarely receive the attention of those who are most con cerned with health. the supposed purpose of bodily exercise. The management of athletics is rarely found in the hands of a physician, by whose scientific guidance the various sports wodld be freed from the dangers attending some of the pres ent athletic practices. Athletics have for the most part today become the province of the people at large. It Is the trainer rather than the physician. the hero worshipper rather than the hygienist who directs and inspires physical exercises which ought to be undertaken primarily in the interests of sound body and a sound mind
 Games have developed Into contests in which victory Is sought at any human price. The manager is the foremost ad- wiser, and the physician is called on as a last resource to mend the damage that may have been done in an ili-advised struggle for athletic supremacy Until there Is widespread education as to the proper purpose of bodily exercise and the damage that beset the indiscrlminate and uncontrolled pursuit of athletics by every one whom the inclination stirs, 1t Is Il seemingly hopeless task to preach the gospel of reform.
 Meanwhile the physician must develop sound judgment and sane advice Only the beginnings have been made in this field of study If football and rowing and bicycling have their dangers what are they? These questions demand answers Among the internal organs the heart and kidneys have hitherto received most con sideration in connection with the physol- ogy or exercise. There is an idea abroad that each form of athletics has its own hears of the 'tobacco heart there ar. the alleged bicycle heart football kid. neS, and so oil. This Is not true The results of athletic exercise may vary in degree but moi in kind.
 Athletic exercises may be divided Into Yeats of strength and feats of endurance ihese do mol differ essentially in their own effect on the body. There are no ;m- portant differences betv cen the ,>rferent types or athletic sports In respect to their physiologic effects on the bodv Tho sn we're symptoms, however, make their an pearance more prominently in sports ike football, wrestling, bicycle contests. and so on, which may call for extreme ex ertion To what degree the distinctly hafhtui results of improper athletics may rise depends on variety of clrcum- stances Age Is factor of significance
 During the period of boyhood. when
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-05-17

see that they suspected him of spying. Al Mini before he could get to the gen darmes the Grafters had got to them and the gendarmes arrested the min ister. "On what charger" asked an- gry Ruchloff. "On the charge of tray cling without ticket, and trying to bribe us" And they told the gendarmes how the villainous second class passen- ger mad in vain asked them to take a two roubles bribe. Only when the sta ton master came was Ruchloff re- leased.
 Huchloff last summer, sent an agent 70 Siberia to report on the hares. The AEcnt reported that nil peasants arc hnrca. or nynpnthlzsrg with harcs and consider they have a grievance against the state for not letting them travel gratis. This notion they Inherit rom pre-rnilroad days. Then. whenever go- ing tn weddings or fireralH they had right to free places In state post-cars or NtedHcp.
 When the railroad was built they lost this privilege, but fcit they had right to usr thr trains froa of charge. siberia's lnuuhik will travel under> any condittons. Onod a peasant got into refriEerator wagon and frose to death. A wedding couple had the uame fate some yearu
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-05-17
Letter NO 1.-The result of five nights The
 Wallace, is B years old

cation of the mounutaineer is not wasted. Of course, there are exceptions, but the mountain child, we may safely say. is conscious of the narrow life that is his and is pitifully eager for release from the monotonous drudgery that his crude farm life assigns him.
 It is not as if the mountaineer had q wealth of his own. none the less valuable because 1t differed from that of the man or woman who lives in the city or fin an industrial or agricultural district. He is narrowed down to existence only. with no opportunity to develop the wonderful possibilities that are within him. despite the little chance they nave had for ex- pression, through generation after gem eration. Ambition. loyalty. reverence, courage. all are characteristic of the mountain child. but he has little oppor- tunity to develop his talents The rough mountain roads. the swollen mountain streams, bare little schoolhouses, short school sessions. inadequate courses of study contribute to his defeat or stand in his way if he refuses to be defeated.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-05-17

one stone 10 tie nat and had scrambled up the steep. slippery bank on their way to s--hooi. The parents and grandparents hopped and scrambled only few nights before they realized the necessity of haV- ing a foot bridge across the stream. So 1t is that the moonlight schools have meant improved conditions for the day schools and better spirit in the communities beside accomplishing the ends for which they were established. They have given an opportunity to learn to those who longed for H. and they have reached out to help those who were being forgotten in the press of the younger generation. They have made a bright spot In the lives of those who thought they were beyond consideration and have put into the later years of their lives new ambitions, new thoughts and new and different views.
 The moonlight schools have been adopt ed as department of the Rowan county school system and other counties in Ken
 lucky are finding them successful
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-05-17
/ Moonlght Schools of Kentucky
 RoaUan Countys Work for It's Uneducated Adults

In the mountain districts of North Car
 olina and of Kentucky much is being done to improve conditions for these chil- dren through providing more applicable courses of study and schools that are more practical and better suited to their particular requirements. One of the most active workers for the education of the mountain people is Mrs. Cora Wilson Stewart. superintendent of schools in Rowan county. KY. Mrs. Stewart is an ideal woman for work of this kind for she has executive ability and business judgment and at the same time she can understand and respect the individual mountain man or woman. In her work with the grammar schools and their pu- pills in the mountains of Kentucky she saw great need for schools for the mountain men and women, those who were far beyond school age and who could not recall the years that lay be- tween them and their long past childhood. spent perhaps, in the same community when there was even less opportunity for
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-05-17

back. Peasants travel on the car coup linss, and sometimes fall off One man fell from car coupling into the lat tice work of the Yenesei bridge The iailfoad adininistrau ton. in best oriental style. purposeiy let his hody hang there for week '1n order to frighten the hares."
 lionest Premier Kokovovtsen made des- rrfate efforts to stop graft and corrup- ton in all the earning departments. He practically stopped robbery in the vodka monopoly. As result of measures taken in 1911 against robbers, the state saved E., ,,s0t0o0 a year. kokovtseff tried hard to get law passed which could ade- quately punish the hares. Under present law the railroad officials can be severely punished. but the hare is let off on pay mont of double fare kokovtsef wanted to send the hares to iail. The trouble Is that the hare when caught puts on an innocent face and swears he has loGe his ticket.
 Numerous ministers have tried to kill hares. but always with the same result. Tho haros multipiy-like rabbits. In 190t the number caught was 4l5.000: in 1909 the number was B5o,p0 Next year II will be well overa million. 'Dvizhenie nttchevo ne stoit"-"ft costs nothing to move along. says the native proverb.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-05-17
The writer, Moses

them to learn to read and write than is now offered to their children.
 As to how she realized this need Mrs. Stewart relates several specific incidents that called her attention to the fact that not only the children. put their parents. should be included in educational plans
 An old bent mountain woman entered Mrs. Stewards office one morning. fond ling letter. It was from her daughter who was working in Chicago whose let ters were the single bright spot in the old woman's existence. and whose drafts were one of her few resources. When letter from this daughter reached the mother she usually went to one of her nelghbors to have 1t read to her. Occasionally she went to town, a trip of seven miles. to ask Mrs. Stewart to read the letter Sup posing that this was her reason for going to the office on the morning mentioned, Mrs. Stewart offered to read this letter
 No replied the old bent woman. proudly, I have learned to read and write and I am going to answer this let ter myself"
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-05-17
By JULIUS OSTMANN

for two days for a dollar, and some peasant hares are allowed to travel 300 miles for 10 cents. The main cause why the Siberian railway produces a large annual deficit is that there is practically no paying local traffic. Travellers from Europe or Japan pay their fares. but on tho local trains three quarters of tho short distance travellers do not pay at all,
 Formop Minister of cemmunioations Ruchioff tried hard to put down hares, He first dispatched dosop minatory circulars which had no effect, Last summer he tried braver system. othep Russian ministers kept t;is;r noses to their Bureaucratic desks, and uavep saw the great world, but M, Ruahioff resolved to act like daiinb HareuB al Rasehid and travel ihreuah his raii= road empire iheegnitd, Ee Rs to find cut what people were sayinU, doing, and steaiiB9,
 Ruohlel started eperAtiens on the Moscow- Nijhy raiiread, This is ,Nedz erateiy busy ''hare Pead." PQsing ng an ordinary mortal aud without ttelest
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-05-17
Millions Of Heres" Trave1 Free or Russian Ra;1uuys

fines for tolerating or conniving at the free trips of the ..hares.,' This shocked Kokovtseff. Not only did he (though surrounded when in office bv thieves) hate dishonesty; but he was also financial minister; and Russia.s s finances badly needed the money which is pocketed by the "hares'' and their allies. the grafter officials Kokovtseff put on that blush which he always wears when angry, and talked serious iy to M Ruohioff. then minister of communications. But Ruchioff skrue- ged his shoulders. and said, rnitchevo., which means that the million hares don't matters and that all devices have been tried against them in vain,
 Ever since Nicholas I built the first short railroad from Tsarskee seio 50 years age. travelling as .hare' has been the fashionable system, The sys- tenn fiourishes because the railroad ad ministratien helps the eres. The sim plest way of travelling ss "hare" is to get into your car without ticket, and hand the konduktor'' a reasonable fec. The 'konduktor makes the mill
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-05-17

itary salute: and let's you travel free. If the 'kontroller" who controls the conductor. boards the rain. the "kon- duktor" simply pushes you under seat or sells you q ticket which he has in reserve. Or he takes the 'kontroiler" aside. and gently gives him half your modest bribe
 Railroads which are best for hares are the Moscow-P ersburg line, the long line to Archangei. the South Rusa sian itnes and tho Great Siberian. On Inc Moscow Petersburg line there is reEuiar hare's tariff. so that ne hare is swindied or charged toe much, You cannot travel as ''hare" on the seour- ter train." which Is the quickest train of the day. But you can easily travel Tree on the slower s'passengers and
 pest trains In tpest" train. as q second class Aars, you can travel the whole 400 miles on giving the 'henduk- ter' ss. This is. for instance, the highest hare tariff In the Empire, on the sibertsn railways you can travel
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-05-17

he entered second class compartment at Viasnfki. The ''konduktor" came to take his ticket, NJ. Ruchloff fumbled in his pocket. and looked earnestly at the "konduktor." The "konduktor" un- derstood. Then M. Ruchloff gave him two roubics. which is about s1. Before they got to Mini. along came the ''kon- troiier" to test tho "konduistors" hon- eaty Now" said Ruchioff to himself, ''the rascal will he found out" But tho s'i<onduistor'' looked at tho ''kon- trailer" Just as Nj, Ruchioff had looked at the ''keaduktor" and the pair laughed, Then into the "kontroiicr's hand slipped one of the minister's two reIbies, The pair saiuted in the in- HinuatiHE courteous way that you see Y, Russia enly rmonE puooesAful thieves.
 M, Hareua al ttasehid tuehiosf was delighted, As they steamed into Mini aePBt he reflected triumphantiy how he weuid erdep the depot Kendarmes to Rrreft both the srafturs, Hut the two Erafters suddenly began whispered eeHyeFsatleni and Ruehieff began te
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-05-17

the organs have not reached their full de- velopment, the person Is unusually sensl- tive to muscular excesses. Constitution
 expresses in somewhat vague way an other factor which determines the fitness of q person for athletics. There must he adequate development, suitable nutrition
 and a competent nervous system, the lat
 ter element often being undervalued. Ob- viously, appropriate training furnishes another safeguard against the dangers of athletic overdoing. Much of what is called training in this country is, how ever, combination of unscientlnc and sometimes rational dietetics Last but not least, the degree CT exertion required IS feature of determining significance when the Ill effects of athletic sports are
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-05-17
Prnssian Executions

From the Manchester Evening News.
 It Is noteworthy that two murderers have recently suffered capital punishment in Prussia. because only some to S per cent of capital sentences are carried out in Germany. the proportion in Great Brit ain heingA over 50 per cent. The newspapers commonly speak of these German crim- inals as victims of the ax or block. with out much discrimination. By the German law all capital punishments must be car rled out by beheading, but it Is left to i. the separate states to choose their own method Tn those districts which were annexed by Napoleon I the guillotine still prevails. Other regions may use the ax. the sword or carving knife. if they please. The Prussian method is that. the victim sitting in chair. he is beheaded by horizontal sweep of long sword
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-05-17

 were last year caught travelling on Russian state railroads with forged tickets or with no tickets at all. How many travelled in this way without be- ing caught no man knows Probably several millions. At any rate. the le- gend is that ono out of every five Russians travels without a ticket It is so easy to do this successfully and elusively that ticketIess travellers are known as ''hares." 'saytsi" is the word To travel as a ''hare" is the ambition of every Russian; and it's a rare Rus sian who does not succeed at least once.
 Just before former Premier Kokovt- self resigned he received the .report of the ministry of communications for 1914" Here is statement about the as4.i30 'hares;'' and hers aiso state mcnt that in 1912 1s.70s railroad off ctals were prosecuted. disniissed, de- graded, or punished with disctp1inary
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-05-17

17SI world, especially to those of tSESS4I us who live comparatively
 The mountain people are, always of in terest to the rest of the world. especially to those of us who live comparatively near them and know enough of their pe- euiar environment and their isolated lives to arouse our curiosity to know more. The mountain child's struggle for an ed ucation, for some touch with the outside world, and the loneliness of his life when he misses this tie is enough to arouse not only curiosity, but sympathy as we'll
 Education Of the mountain child seems one endeavor that is not in vain. How ever far we may miss the goal in other educational activities, rn educating the immigrants, in teaching the indifferent by having compulsory attendance laws, and in other debatable attempts at educating more less unwilling and unapprecia- tive classes, there seems proof that the time. labor and money spent for the edu-
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-05-17

PETERSBURG. May 1s,
 Especially )--Nine hundred and
 eighty-four thousand. one hundred and twenty people
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-05-17

HE mountain people are always of interest to the rest of the
 world, especially to those of us who live comparatively
Carson City daily appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1907-1930, 1914-09-04
AS TO GRAPE JUICE DIPLOMACY

What has become of the cy that American diplomacy is the laugh
ing stock of the world?
Just a few months ago W were told in the columns OF scores Of
papers that the grape juice methods of the present admmstraio were
81 absurd that this country IA a joke.
Several nations of the old world yer pointed out. particularly Ger
policy OF President Wilson was called weak, childish, and he was accused
of trucking" whatever that may be.
We we're told in sonorous sentences that the nation needed a strong
hand to deal with the Mexican situation. The policy o watchful wait
ing as the cause of much amusement.
Where are our critical friends who longed for a strong policy built
o n an European model?
They are O busy just at present denounGng miitarism which. has
plunged a world into wal and the pTnnious alliances which converted
a bonfire into a giant conhagraton to find time o continue their con-
demnation of the grape juice diplomacy which has kept this country
at peace amid wars fame.
No or are we told of the beauties and the cviizng influence Of
the sword and the ennoblng effects of rapid fire guns. Under the policy
of watchful waiting a civilized government is being erected IN Mexico.
The credit for this result belongs to President Wilson. At one
time after the departure OF Huerta, when Carranza refused to make
terms with his successor, practically all the members of the presidents
firm. ~t
Europe's strong foreign policies and a tang1e of alliances. have bred
a war which stands alone in history in magnitude and in the number of
men involved.
Watchful waiting bids fair to bring peace to a troubled nation and
Law the foundations for a government which will stand as a monument
to the wisdom and patience OF the mar who nee was sneered at as tn
schoolmaster in the White use'-Sacramento Union.
Carson City daily appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1907-1930, 1914-09-04
SHERIFF'S SALE

By virtue of an execution issued
by and under the seal of the District
Court Of the First Judicial District,
in and for the County of Ormsby,
State of Nevada, for a balance OF
~S10,7o0.95, with interest and costs
costs due upon a judgment rendered
and docketed in the said Court on
the 10Th day Of October, 1913, in an
action wherein Rufus c. Thayer is
the plaintiff and the Western Smelters
Corporation is the defendant, in
favor of said plaintiff, and against
the said defendant, for the sum Of
$35,79O.95, which execution was III
rected and delivered to me as Sheriff,
in and for said Ormsby County, l
have levied upon all the right, title
and interest of the said defendants,
the Western Shelters Corporation,
in and to the following described
personal property, to-wit:
Four work benches, E pu11eys, 4
cable valves, 600 feet 4-inch pipe, z
sets of shafting and pulleys, l cir
cular saw, 3 rolls rubber betting, |
forge and blower, 400 feet length OF
3O-inch smelter stack, 3 elbows and
bases of smelter stack, 2 6feet fly
wheels, 4 boxes of steel shafting, l
Fairbanks Morse ore scales, COM
plete with appurtances, 10 Stag cars,
10 coke cars, 2 horse whims,
with appurtenances, fixtures and
machinery, l elevator with shive
wheel, cables, frames, pulleys,
weights, machinery and devices per-
tanning thereto, one-half dozen bed
plates, 4 steel fly wheels, 4 steel pull
leys, assortment of nuts, plates, jacks,
Carson City daily appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1907-1930, 1914-09-04
WORK FOR NEW POPE

A few Jays after the great European ar "a declared Pope Plus
X, broken-hearted I'VE the pail OF sorrow he saw enve1oping his below
ed peope, passed tc his Maker. Two weeks later his successor, Car
dial Della Chiesa, to be known as Benedictus XIV, was chosen.
The e popes name a not among those mentioned is probable
successors to Ims X, but the fact that decision was % quickly reached
shows he musth have occupied a high place in the hearts and minds Of
the cardinals of the Sacred College.
Coming to the head of the Catholic church at this time he needs t.
be a man Of rre strength of both mind and body. Although the pope
no longer Yields temporal sovereignty over the papal states, yet there is
no living monarch who possesses the power which lies in his hands, tof
he is the spiritual head of almost 25OOO0O0O people.
When the conflict is over and the people of Europe start new with
their added burdens those of the Catholic faith will turn to the church
for comfort and strength to aid them in forgetting the miseres of the
past and to give then hope for the future.
Carson City daily appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1907-1930, 1914-09-04
Two Standard Cigars
TAX NOTICE

he Rockrolers "one best bet was that it was dead wrong.