davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-06-04
HOE.SULLIvAN JURY OUT.
After Prolonged Oeliberation. Is In.
structed 10 Report This Morning.

The supreme Court jury that heard
the s2@5,0On breach OF promise suit
brought by Miss Mae A. sullivan against
Arthur lugcrsoll Hoe retired at IL AS
o'clock yesterday morning and had not
reached n verdict ~ q o'clock last night.
Justice Gavegau EN- instructed tho Jurors
10 continue thei. deliberations until they
mad agreed or found themselves unable to
agre" and 10 rcuort 1T 10 80 o'clock this
morning shortly before O'Clock the
Jurors left the small jury room and took
large court room.
~ his charge Justice Gavegan said that
Toe Tor Some reason In his own house
hold or In his own nature may have in
tended 10 cultivate immoral relations with
the plaintir. but II that Is true It may
nave been an act Of Providence or kind
tate that withheld him in time"
AS 70 Miss Sulllvans explanation OF
how ltot proposed 10 her the court said:
We an agree that II was most
extraordinary transaction"
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-06-04
M. VIVIANI CONSENTS
TO FORM A CABINET
Poincarc Confcrs With Finan.
cial Authorities Before ~.
tending Offer.
MAY ALSO TAKE PORTFOLIO
Report New Premier Will Keep
the Ministry Of In
structiOn.
MAY ALSO TAKE PORTFOLIO
Speci1, Cable Despatch 10 THr 81,


PANS. June 3-1f II r. possible to
Judge from the personalities with whom
he conferred to-day. President Poncarc'
leading anxiety has to do with the French
financial situation. After consulting with
Etienne Clementel, deputy from the ruy.
dc-Dome. and G orEes Cochory. deputy
from the Lolret--both former Minister'S
and NJ Aymoud. all three OF whom age
leading financial authorities. VI. r"u,a,,
asked Rene Viviani. Minister % Ius.ruc.
ton under Doumerguc 20 form d cab
met.
NJ Vlv.ani accepted in principle. max
ing the usual request Tor delay 1.
tive niy-four hours In which to consul
his friends before replying definitely {
Is practically assured that he VIII COZ.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-06-04
ELECTORAL REFORM BLOCKED.
Danish Bill Giving women the Vote
Is Held Up.

Special tdbic Despatch 10 THE SIS.
CoPENHAGES, June 3.-The passage OF
the electoral reform bill abollshlng all
electoral property qualifications and pro-
viding FOR the Acknowledgement OF women
was blocked by the Conservatives In the
upper house to-day.
Amendments To the hill supported by
the coalition majority were adopted, SS
to 81, the Conservatives voting In the
negative. The Conservatives then with
drew from the hall and the amendment
was adopted by a3 votes, 20 members be-
Ing absent.
The President announced that no vote
was valid unless more than half the
slxty-sx members took part in the d.
vision.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-06-04
Elliott Gets Boards Advice.

Mr. NcChord asked the witness II II
IL N. policy OF Mr.. Elliott TO take the
boar INTO his confidence and TO ask for
the members advice and judgment as
10 a., matters pertaining to the road.
Yes" replied Mr.. Elton. and he Is
very much different man from Mr.
Mclicn. lie does not go with a rush He
does not carry director of his feet as
MIR. Mellen did"
At this juncture Mr.. Elton admitted
that the New Haven had loaned IN, New
York Central Railroad and the Pennsyl-
vana In 1905 100000 each for SIN
months at per cent. and that the New
Haven had raised this money previously
through It's French loan and paid per
cent. for II.
What was the use Of borrowing money
to loan TO these two roads, was asked.
The money was not borrowed for this
purpose" said the witness. 1t was bor-
rowed by the New Haven and the roaI
was not ready TO use II. In the mean
time the directors loaned n portion OF
Il 20 these two railroads"
Mr. Cromwell then brought out from
Mr. Elton THAI Mr.. Mellen was mem
Der OF the special committee, OF which
Messrs Rock, Teller. Morgan and Miller
were members and which Mr.. Elton mem
toned In connection with WESTMINSTER
deals.
MIR. Cromwell had the minutes read
10 show that MIR. Mellon presided at tn
special meetings at which were discussed
the transactions made on tho West
chester.
William Skinner OF Holyoke Mass. an
other director of the y W Haven, followed
NJ. Elton on the stand. Mr., skinner
said he had not protested against the
sIl 600 OO0 for the westchester properties
because II had beer all threshed out b.
the special committee and the committee
b, ought "A report and he accepted the fig
ures,
Were you awed by Mr. Morgan ask
/ cd Mr.. Folk.
mo After the meeting ] went to Mr.
| Mellen. Mr.. Mellen said that exclaimed
| Holy Cesarea PhAlppl' That Is an eN-
| NJ, sslon of mine. | have no recollecti""
| OF having used It then, but ] may have
| | asked him how he had spent such
| sum OF money Mr. Mellen appointed me
| a committee Of one to go down tn air,
| Morran's office and lind out. declined
You went to Melien. why not Mr.
Morgan" he was asked.
"Why go 10 Morgan" was the reply
| Because Mellen told you, did he not
| that Mr.. Morgan could furnish you the
| information" said Mr.. Folk,
Yves that Is true" replied Mr.. skinner.
| Mr.. Skinner said II was his understand
ing that the 81 74s.500 profit In the Bos-
ton and Maine stock transaction belonged
| 10 Mr. Billiard. lie contended Mr.. Bill
lard was a loyal friend OF the New Haven
road and that Mr.. Mellen could bank
on this
Mr.. Skinner said that he had great
respect for Mr. Morgan.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-06-04

public interest" but would constitute q
legitimate and possibly desirable acquisi.
ton. Yet under the language Of the bill,
which he said must be strictly interpreted,
tho Interstate Commerce Commission
would n, unable to approve "A proposed
Issue OF bonds for that purpose.
Buyers OF bonds" said Judge Lovett.
would have TO scrutinize the purposes
OF every proposed issuance to see whether
they have this requirement. No opinion
fthe Interstate Commerce Commission
would satisfy them on the point. for In
law their approval could be nothing more
than prima facic evidence Of legal com
pllance."
Tho further objection was made that
the bill would upset common practlc'
among railroads of using ready money IN
the treasury for necessary improv ments
and betterments and then selling bono
20 reimburse the treasury. Under tn,
proposed law. he added the commission
would be unable to approve the Issuance
OF bonds for such purpose.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-06-04
MUST PRESERVE ALL BALLOTS.
Justice PhiIbin Issues Order RciR-
tive 20 special Election OF April :,

on the application OF William Jay
Schieffelln chairman OF the Citixens
Union, Justice Phlbin In the special term
OF the Supreme Court granted an order
yesterday directing that the boards OF
elections In New York city and In all
the counties OF the State preserve all bal
lots cast at the special election held on
April to decide the question OF holding
a constitutional convention In 1915.
Samuel j. Rosensohn appeared as at
torney for Mr. Schlenelln II was neces-
sary TO procure this order TO prevent the
posslble destruction OF ballots after June u
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-06-04

81 never knew the Billiard company"
said Mr.. Elton in answer to a question.
ct asked Que stions about II, but ] never
made much progress. asked Mr.. Mellen
and he always gave me an answer. Per-
haps my head was too thick to under
stand sometimes"
WAS there any desire for knowledge
on the part Of the officers concerning the
Billiard Company" he was asked,
Yves, there was general question
among ourselves about It," he answered.
Mr. Elton said the discussion was gem
orally outside the board meeting and that
the directors left everything OF that sort
TO the executive committee. He said the
executive committee consisted OF Messrs
Morgan, Rockefeller. Miller. Mellen, Brush,
rhayer. and he thought Mr. Choate.
Mr. Elton said that after the purchase
OF the Boston and Maine stock II was
discovered that the New Haven could
not hold Il under the law OF the state
OF Connecticut. He said he thought the
lo9, 94s shares OF Boston and Maine were
turned over to Mr.. Billiard at 1925 and
bought back AT $3.50.
That represented a profit to somebody
OF s2,74s,500 approximately. Was 1t your
understanding that that profit belonged
to ]. J.. Blllard?" asked Mr.. Folk.
mo, to the New Haven road" said Mr.
Elton.
Mr.. Folk then read the minutes OF thu
directors meeting authorizing Mr. Meller
to proceed and obtain from Mr.. Billiard
the profits In connection with the Bostor
and Maine stock. Mr.. Elton said these
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-06-04

The Wallis archipelago has been under
French protection since 1887. II Is con-
nected for administrative purposes with
New Caledonia. where there Is French
resident.
The group has an area of about forty
square miles with a native population
OF about $500. II was discovered b,
Samuel Wallis in 1867. Father Battalion.
n French missionary priest, brought the
islands under the French influence In
1897. Copra and roots are the chief ex-
ports.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-06-04
WALLIS ISLANDS NOW FRENCH.
southern Pacific Land Under u Pro-
tectorate since 1887.

PARIS, June 3.--The Colonial Offico
announced to-day the annexation by
France OF the Wallis Islands in the
southern Pacific.
The cruiser kersaint recently visited the
islands. returning to New Caledonia on
May 30. The son of the king OF the
islands was "A passenger on the Kersain
visiting Noumea to thank the French
Resident there for the acceptance by
France OF sovereignty over the archi-
pelago.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-06-04
HIGH PRICES AT PARIS SALE.
Doucet Buys Group OF Du CercrRus
for $4,000.

NVffFTF WVF0 F1'"F'tF'T'
PARIS, June 3.-The highest price paid
At the sale OF the FOulGhale collection to-
day was $1,000 francs si0,20O), which
was given by Jacques Doucet, the col
iector. for a group of pu cerceau's works.
Other lots from the same collection sold
for 5000 francs (sl 5000 and 1000 francs
$4,000 respectively A set of jewelry
designs by Mguot sold for 5000 francs
Sl,600),
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-06-04
JAPANESE LINES MERGE.
Three steamship Companies Form
Long RumOred Combination.

LONDON, June 1.-The Shipping Gazette
says that the long discussed smalgsma-
ton OF the Nippon Yusen Kssha. Osaka
Shosen itaisha and Togo Kisen Kaisha
three or the leading Japanese steamship
lines, has been arranged.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-06-04
Confidence In Nellen.

Q. Can you say why you expressed
your disapproval and then did not vote
against II? A. did not know enough
about II to undertake TO have my opinion
carried. One time had explicit conf
dence In Mr.. Mellen and he thought II
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-06-04
SERBIAN CABINET RESIGNS.
Regarded A. Nindication Of Army
Politicians In Balkan war,

BELGRADE, June 3.-Klng Peter accepted
the resignation Of the Premier. Nicholas
Pashitch. and the other members OF the
Cabinet. this afternoon. The withdrawal
OF this Ministry In regarded here az "a
yindica,ion o: Servias part In the Balkan
war and a triumph for the army.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-06-04
MELLEN NO MARTYR, DOMINATED NEW HAVEN,
AMBITION HIS DOWNFALL, DIRECTORS TESTIFY
Mr.. Skinner Also COntradictS
Former Witness-Billard
a dummy" to Evade
the Law.

minutes were correct These figures
showed that the board of directors were
counting OH nominal profit OF sl.6i9. 200.
These are the minutes which Mr.. Mellen
characterized as false.
Mr.. Elton said the board looked on the
billiard company as subsidiary OF the
New Haven.
Concerning the Massachusetts trolieys
Mr.. Elton SAID he and other directors, at
MIR. Mellen's request. had bought the stock
after II had been held that the New Haven
could not hold H.
@. Was It your understanding that this
was done IN order to evade the Massachu.
sets law? a. ! did not have any under
standing further than that Mr.. Mellen
urged nc 10 take IL as n favor to him.
q. To what do you attribute the demon
allzation OF the securities of the road2
A. To all this agitation about the road
In the past few years.
q. Was not your whole difficulty the
fact that the New Haven Railroad was
run as an adjunct to Wall Street, merely
as n speculative enterprise and not as a
transportation line? A. No. sir | don't
think so. ! believe Mr.. Morgsns whole
heart and soul were In the New Haven
Railroad. do not believe that Wall
street had anything to do with IT,
@. DO YOU think that II Mr. Morgan
had lived he could have pulled the New
Haven through and kept up its stock!
a. Wen no. ! think II he had lived we
would have seen "A different state OF
things In connection with the New iiHven.
In wha' way are things difteren; on
the New Haven road now?' Mr.. Folk
asked
THE directors have all learned good
dta IN the past few years and We are
not now taking another mans word for
Il as much as We were. We have gotten
different man from Mr.. Mellen In Mr.
Elliott al the head OF the road
MIR. VI lien was ambitious and / think
he lost his head His ambition ran away
with him. lie wanted to control every
thing. The directors were foolish enough
To let him go on Sow everything thai;
comes up IL thoroughly canvassed and
, nothing is allowed to go through that
Is not actually business"
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-06-04

Nicholas Pashitch has served several
times as Premier OF Servia In the last
few years. lie was at the head of the
Ministry in December. 1912, when the
Servian Government launched its fight for
an outlet 10 the Aegean Sea. Following n
Cabinet crisis In June OF last year, he
resigned with his Cabinet, but he was
subsequently reinststed.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-06-04

was the proper thing to do. and could
not say II was not
. D.d Nj. Mcllen approve this? A.
think lie did
=. Are you still director OF the New
Haven. and are YOU giving the company
any more attcntion than you formerly
did? A. | think / am. did not know
any thing about railroads, and MIR. Me lien
and MI. Morgan sid II was a suitable
thing to do and | believed them.
q. Were you afraid to express your
OPINION: \. 1t was natural umidiiy. /
did not pretend to be "A railroad man
q. Were the Olher directors as timid
about expressing themselves as you? a
No, / do not think So
q. Who was not? A think Mr.
skinner used 10 be about as free Us any
body 10 express his views.
What was II you said TO your son
the other night IN regard to these New
Haven tahsIctionsy' asked Mr.. FOLK.
81 was talking TO you about this whole
matter" replied Mr.. Elton. and worrying
about and wondering how the poor rail
road was coming out OF II. ] finally said
TO my son that mad lived to be 80 years
Old and found that ] had been belonging
to the damned fool family"
Il would no. say Elton added n
moment later. that some OF these deals
we've nor well conceived The trouble was
We had too many on hand At once and 1t
swamp,d the road"
MIR. Elton said he was also director
Of tina New England Navigation COMPANY
subsidiary of tho New Haven. and MT.
Folk asked him II he could tell the diner
encs between "A meeting Of the directors
OF the New Haven road and directors OF
the Navigation company after they hnd
sat down. Mr.. Elton said he was gem
orally confused as to what was gong on
the proceedings went on 50 fast.
The Democratic banner. (Mt. Vernon, Ohio) 1898-192?, 1914-12-18

Chamberlain's Cough Remedy-The
Mothers Favorite
II give Chamberlain's Cough Rem
edy to my children when they have
colds or coughs" writes Mrs. Verne
Shaffer, Vandergrift, Pa. 1t always
helps them and is far superior to any
other cough medicine I have used. |
advise anyone in need of such medi-
cine to give it trial" For sale by
all dealers.
The Democratic banner. (Mt. Vernon, Ohio) 1898-192?, 1914-12-18
vERsENA REHEKAH LODGE


Verbena Rebekah lodge No 731, of
Martinsburg, elected the following of.
ficers at its regular meeting Satur.
day night:
Noble Grand-Verna Colville Ev.
ans.
Vice Grand-Nada Clutter.
Recording Secretary-Cora Faw'
cett.
Financial Secretary-Ollie Colville
Treasurer-Ethel McMillen.
Pianist-Lundy Fawcett.
Trustee-Alph Clutter.
Deputy President-Flora Colville.
At the conclusion Of lodge, Mr.. and
Mrs. Bert Evans were surprised by
the members, showering them with
many beautiful and useful presents.
Mr.. and Mrs. Evans were recently
married and the bride is the newly
elected noble grand
They have the best wishes of Verb
ena Rebekah lodge.
Refreshments were served by the
entertainment committee.
The Democratic banner. (Mt. Vernon, Ohio) 1898-192?, 1914-12-18
SHORT LOCALS
Or. c. H. Sellers, Dentist, oanvIIle,

Dr. c. II. Sellers, Dentist, panvIIIe,
Ohio. II
Walter p. Burgess of this county,
who was successful In the boys corn
growing contest, has been awarded
three-year short course in agricul-
ture at the Ohio state university as
reward for raising 1O4.7 bushels of
shelled corn on an acre.
Fifteen hundred new Victor records
now on sale at Frank L. Young's Jew
elry store. II
Woolson's Xmas store open even
ings till Christmas.
Miss Mary Purcell spent Wednes-
day in Columbus.
Mr.. Edgar Weber, who has been
employed in Lima, has returned to
the city and will spend the winter
here.
Mr.. George ID. Fox returned his
morning to Glenmont, after visit
with his sister. Mrs. Callie Berger,
North Main street.
DR.. Joseph Wagner went to Column
bus this morning to attend the state
meeting Of osteopaths, which con.
tinues until Friday.
Mrs. Abner Alberts went to Colum-
bus this morning, to spend the day
with her daughter, who is in a hos
pital there.
Mrs. James Upham and son, James,
Jr., left this morning for Pittsburgh,
Pa, where they will visit with rela-
tives over Christmas Mr.. Upham
will join them next week.
The Democratic banner. (Mt. Vernon, Ohio) 1898-192?, 1914-12-18
sOLIETY NOTES

Entertained
With Playlet
The girls of Harcourt Place School,
Gambler, entertained Monday even-
ing with little Christmas playlet, in
terspersed with frequent musical
numbers. A double quartet from
Kenyon assisted.
Strauss-Case
Wedding
Gambler, Dec. 15-Local friends
have received news OF the marriage
of Walter H. Strauss, formerly of the
class of '15, to Miss Amelia Case of
Cincinnati. The wedding occurred in
Cincinnati last Saturday Mr.. Strauss
is employed as advertising solicitor
Gu the Cincinnati Enquirer. He at
tended Kenyon college for two years.
MT. Vernon Man
Married In Mansfield
The marriage of Miss Ruth Emery
of Marion avenue, and George Met
calf, of Mt. Vernon, took place Sat
rrday evening at 8 o'clock at the
parsonage of the Central Methodist
church with the Rev. J. j. Wyeth
officiating. The bride was attended
by her sister, Mrs. Louis Emery
Hitchcock. Mr.. and Mrs. Metcalf went
to Mt. Vernon where they will make
their future home-MansHeld News
The Democratic banner. (Mt. Vernon, Ohio) 1898-192?, 1914-12-18
4. 4. + + 4. + 4. 4. 4. + 4. + +
+ DEATHS I
+ + + + 4. + + + j. i Il 4. +
WyiIe Campbell

Wylie Campbell, prominent cIti.
zen of Knox county, residing near
the Licking county line, died at Mt.
Carmel hospital, Columbus, Tuesday
morning, following an operation last
Sunday for obstruction of the gall
duct. Mr.. Campbell was only III about
week. On last Friday he was re-
moved from his home, two miles
northwest Of Utica, to Mt. Carmel
hospital and an operation was per-
formed on Sunday. The deaceased
was SO years Of age and is survived
10y his wife and one daughter, Miss
Edith. His wife was sister of the
late Emer w. Tulloss of Mt. Vernon.
The deceased is also survived by
three brothers and one sister.
The Democratic banner. (Mt. Vernon, Ohio) 1898-192?, 1914-12-18
RESOLUTIONS
Adopted By Knox County Bar
Association
In Memory Of Hon. Charles
II. kibIer Of Newark

A meeting of the Knox County Bar
Association was held at 8 o'clock
Tuesday morning in the common
pleas court room at which time reso-
lutions were read and adopted by the
association on the death of Hon.
Charles H. Kibler Of Newark.
Remarks on the resolution were
made by Hon. William M. Rooms,
Judge Fulton Of Newark, Mr.. Frank
Moore and Hon. II. H. Greer, presi-
Gent of the Bar association.
Upon motion the resolutions were
ordered spread on the court records
The resolutions follow:
To the President and Members of the
Knox County, o., Bar Association:
The undersigned committee, to
whom has been intrusted the duty of
preparing an expression of this or
ganization upon the death of Honor
able Charles H. Killer, of Newark,
Ohio, beg leave to submit the follow
ing and respectfully move it's adop-
| tion.
We learn with profound emotion Of
the death of Honorable Charles II.
| Kibler, which occurred at his home in
Newark, Ohio, on Sunday, December
18th, 1914.
His life presents an example of
work, integrity, usefulness and re-
suits, accomplished almost, if not
quite, without parallel in the history
of the courts Of this state.
He was Coupled with profound
knowledge of the law which he pos
sesseO preeminently trial lawyer,
and 1t may be safely asserted that no
practitioner within our knowledge has
participated in the trial of more con-
tested matters in court than Mr. Kib-
Ter; it was a rule of conduct in his
practice that he was employed to try
cases and leave the settling of same
to others.
1t was not until the weight of
eighty years had settled upon him,
that he consented to give up the act
i've practice of his profession to en-
joy, as he so richly deserved, the
browning of youth of labor with an
age of ease.
Among his important public ser.
vices he served with distinction upon
! the circuit bench of this judicial dis
trict and rendered honorable and USE
ful service to his country as an Off
Ger in the late Civil war.
He was lawyer of the first order,
a kind and thoughtful neighbor, an
honored, respected and useful citizen,
a high.minded and courteous gentle
man, exemplary in all his domestic
relations and Immediately responsive
to the call of every duty.
His life and virtues are left as the
heritage, not only of his Children, his
city and county, but of the state at
large.
To his children, his immediate
friends and relatives and to the Lick
ing County Bar Association we ten
der the full measure of our heartfelt
sympathy.
FRANK MOORE,
VIM. M. KOONS,
l.. G. S'rILLWELL,
The Democratic banner. (Mt. Vernon, Ohio) 1898-192?, 1914-12-18
Mrs. Mary K. Bennett

Mrs. Mary X. Bennett died at her
residence, 1908 West Vine street
Tuesday morning at $3.50 o'clock, af
ter lingering illness of complica
tion of diseases incident to old age
The deceased was 80 years old and
leaves two children, Louise and Ed
ward, both of this community. Mrs
Bennett was member of st. Pauls
Episcopal church. The funeral will
occur Thursday afternoon at 2:3C
o'clock from the house, Rev. William
j.. Hull officiating.
The Democratic banner. (Mt. Vernon, Ohio) 1898-192?, 1914-12-18
Martha Jane Reed

Mrs. Martha Jane Reed died at her
home in Pike township Tuesday
morning at $3.50 o'clock, after an ex-
tended illness Of hardening of the ar
teries. Mrs. Reed lacked one month
of being 73 years of age and leaves
a husband, John w. Reed, and one
daughter, Mrs. ]. w. Page. Mrs.
Charles M. Gray of Mt. Vernon is
granddaughter. The funeral
Thursday morning at 10:SO o'clock,
sun time, at Pike church, Rev. Bend
er of Amity officiating. Interment in
Pike cemetery.
The Democratic banner. (Mt. Vernon, Ohio) 1898-192?, 1914-12-18
ars. MccIain's Experience W

when my boy, Ray, was small he
was subject to Group, and was al
ways alarmed at such times. Cham.
berlain's Cough Remedy proved far
better than any other for this trouble.
1t always relieved him quickly. am
never without it in the house for !
know it is positive cure for Group u
writes Mrs. w. r. McClain, Blairs-
vile, Pa. For sale by all dealers.
The Democratic banner. (Mt. Vernon, Ohio) 1898-192?, 1914-12-18
TO CUT SALARIES 8

Salaries of Ohio postmasters are to
be cut right and left in connection
with the economy plan Of the admin.
istration. The Mt. Vernon postmaster
receives s2,70O per year. He will re.
ceive $4,000 per year under the re-
duction.