davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1914-07-30
OUR NATIONAL AND.
STATE DEBTSFRO
1873 TO 1878
A Compilation of vitality I'm
portant Figures Showing
Relation of State to Nation
al Indebtedness.
ARIZONA PER CAPITA
HIGHEST IN NATION

Washington. D. c., July 2s.-The
iulI report ou national and state in
d|,btodnrss and iundf ana Investments
uom 1870 go 1918 has just beer is-
sued bv Director William j. Harris OF
the bureau COS tho census, department
cot comnc.co. Tho bulletin gives In
formation Tor the United States az q
whole for each state separately, and
IL b. nov 'eIdg for distribution.
According 10 this bulletin, tho total
doht of the fs state governments on
Iu1c go. 1878, amounted to si22. 1885,
i2i. CT this total. S403, gGG,sG9 rep
rcaoutcd funded debt, and SIZES
g5G represented floating debt. OF the
funded debt. 1894. S3G.f27 are repre-
aented in bonds ana g~8S.53O.ti2 are
fpccinl debt obligations to public trust
funds.
Ns m ofsettinV Item against this
tpf'i dtht. tho IS states reported S7G,-
sNu,57i iu sinking fund assets. leaving
their debt Ccss sinking fund assets).
~A2ff.9f2.3o5. The per capita debt
for the as states amounted to 1851 on
june 80. 1913.
IN contrast with the de5. OF the IS
riHtc goyernmcnts, the national gly-
cfnmcnt had "a total debt IN June 80.
1913, of f2.gtG, 20f.9if. OF this total.
ihs funded debt amounted % $3.50
E21.329. while the floating deDt
amounted 90 9375.Gsi.5s5. or tho
funded debt. the bonded Indebtedness
amounted 60 saG7.2GG.l 100. while tho
special debt obliratopr amounted q
sI.513.i57,I6s. Tho sinking fund as
sets, or cash in tho. United States
treasury available Tor Che payment
&C debt, consisting OF accumulated
trust funds. gold ana silver and gcn-
cl1l treasury cash. not only were sufi-
'icut 60 eliminate entirely the special
debt obllsations hus also 10 reduce
the but,i~d debt. The national debt.
loas cash In the treasury available for
thu payment OF debt. amounted O.
only fi,02s. 56f.O55. or "a per capita
uoat of el0.5a.
The net debt Of tho national gov
eminent represents three times the
total net debt Of the state govern
mcrts. OF the total per capita debt
OF Stt15 (nntionai and state). tn,
debt OF tho national government o
1858, or ~ per cent. while tho dchl
Of tho state governments amounts ~
$50, nr 20 per cent OF the total.
History OF the National Dcbt.
Tn SfrHf ~ tne national govern.
mont was higher In 1870 than at ans
The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1914-07-30

FOR sALE-Old papers for putting
down capets, otc. Call at Herald
office.
The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1914-07-30

mcnt had decreased so that, together
with the rapid increase in the popu-
lation, the per capita debt had been
reduced 10 only S3S.27. Ten years
later GSg0) Il had bccn reduced TO
$3.50. az which point Il remained
with only comparatively sliRht luc-
tuations. increasing somewhat during
the spanish American war and de-
cronsing somewhat since that date.
until. at the latest date reported
O9i3). the Indebtedness Of the ma
,ional government amounts 60 only
5iO.59 per capita an amount slightly
higher than IN 1907, when the per-
capita Indebtedness was {t0.05, the
lowest recorded.
No data are available to show the
debt Of the IS state governments. or
the territory from which They have
been formed. In 1865, but In 1870 tho
Indebtedness OF the state govern
ments. less sinking fund assets, was
$3.50. G6.69S. or S9.15 per capita. The
Indebtedness OF the state govern
ments decreased In somewhat the
same proportion as the Indebtedness
OF lie national government, and In
1850 the per capita debt for the as
state governments was t5.fs. Ten
years later Cis90) this had been re-
duccd 10 sS.37. Further fluctuations
during tho last 90 years brought the
per capita down 10 S2.G7 In 1909. the
lowest amount shown In the period
covered. Since 1909 there has been
some Increase. the per capita debt FOR
the as state governments being S3.5T
on juno 80, 1918.
Although there Is n not decrease
during the period covered In the ac-
tual outstanding Indebtedness. the
material part az the decrease In per
capita debt. both for the national gov
eminent and the as state govern
ments. Il due Co the very material
Increase In population, amounting TO
1855 per cent I'm the period named.
Considering the total debt for the
national government and the IS state
governments, tho total amount out
standing decreased from S2.GSf,0aG.-
G54 in 1870 to St.s74.5O6. $50 in 1918.
n decrease OF almost so per cent. In
contrast. the per capita debt decreas-
cd from S59.Gt In 1870 to Sale in
1913 (almost so per cent?. the lowest
point reached being IN 1907, when IL
amounted 20 sf2.7l.
Tho figures in the report show that
Arizona and Massachusetts, are tho
only states where the state debt, less
sinking fund assets, amounts Ca
more per capita than st0.59, the per
capita debt for the United States. The
debt " the national government there
fore. Is a greater financial weight mn
on the people Of avery state In the
union (oXcepting these two) than Is
the debt OF the state IN which thoy
live. In only a very small number of
states does the per capita state debt
amount 10 one-half the per capita
debt Of the national government, New
York, for example, has a per capita
state debt OF 1905. due largely 90 tho
cost OF the Erie canal; while other
states show a very low per capita
debt. for Oregon Il being only S0.0ii
FOR Kansas. soft; for Iowa, sO.t6; foi
New Jersey. sO.2l; while for Penn
sylvania il Is nothing. since in that
state the sinking fund assets exceed
The total debt.
The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1914-07-30

time since that date; the per capita
debt that yoar being S60.i6. This
amount. though large, was a material
decrease over the debt ~ Il stood
August 81. 1865. on that date the In
debtcdness OF the national govern
mont Ocss funds available for the
payment OF debit amounted 20 S2,-
gtG.t3i.57i; an average OF {T94f FOR
every inhabitant 90 the country. The
rate 81 decrease between 1885 and
1870 was continued until In lsso the
Indebtedness of the national govern
The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1914-07-30

sixty miles OF thread woven from
the hber Of a species of Italian ncttle
weighs only two and n half pounds.
The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1914-07-30

GRADUATED glass is being tried as n
preservation Of lie surface OF wood
In England with much success.
The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1914-07-30
Dunbar Bargains
FUR RENT,

FUR RENT. .
Broom adobe house, good To- =
. c%a,ioni price. mo. 5000.
= Store room. Central Ave, be- .
. tween Third and Fourth SITS. =
. 5-ro0In modern brick house. .
= 80 N. Y. ave.. S22.50; water =
. paid. .
. Groom house. 23I No. Fifth y
. ST.; modern, $500. y
. i,room house, Highlands, $40. =
. 4-room house; east Hazeldlne '
. avenue; modern, $1,000. =
. FOR SALE. y
. S-room house on n fine corner y
. near In at a bargain: modern y
. with fine shade trees, fine lawn, y
. etc. y
= Broom house. perfectly mod y
. ern. fins shade and lawn; near y
. In. A bargain. y
Fine cor. lots. West Coal Ave. =
. 4-room house, West Iron Ave, .
. Price, $500. =
All kinds OF terms. .
. FIRE INSURANCE .
y MONEY TO LOAN. .
. DUNBAIpS REAL ESTATE =
o OFFICE .
. 22> Gold Ave, Corner Third Sc. =
The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1914-07-30

EMPLOYMENT Office. 2tO w. silver.
p. o. Box 7s. Phone 354. Carpoa-
ters, - day; labOrers, ais TO S2.50.
The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1914-07-30
DR.. CHAS. A. FRANK
n..... an N -

Special attention slvcn 70 diseases OF
the Nose, Throat and Lungs. Dis
eases Of WOmen. Vencrcal Disc ses,
and Nervous Disorders. Electricity.
spondylo-thcrapy and other modern
methods employed.
Cfncc Hours; o 10 II n. M: . 60 4
ana ? to s u. n. Phone 1919.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1914-11-07

dissa abstraction with the nominations,
other nominations may be made on the
floor of the general assembly. The ex-
ecutive committee is the one that
makes the program for the coming
year.
In the selection of the board Of di-
rectors every part Of the state is rec
ognized Each congressional district
chooses one member. The even num-
bered districts this year will elect
members for one year: the odd num-
bered districts will elect members for
two years. These eight members, to-
gether with the four persons living in
the state who have served most recent
ly as president and who are engaged in
school work, compose the board of d.
rectors, with the state superintendent
Of public instruction as president ex-
offciO. The secretary Of the associa-
ton is elected in January by the board
Of directors His term of Office shall
not exceed four years. The board also
elects the treasurer.
Officers Of Association.
The personnel Of the official staff of
the association now is as follows:
L. A. Lowther, Emporia, president;
Miss Hannah Wetzig. Manhattan, wee
president; w. D. Ross, Topeka, chair
man board of directors; S. M. Nees, In
dependence, treasurer; d. A. Ellis
worth, Topeka, secretary.
Board of directors: w. D. Ross, ex-
officio chairman, Topeka; E. B. Gift
Hiawatha: c. C. Brown, lola; C. 8
! Risdon, Independence; w. H. Caroth.
| ers, Emporfa; Emil Kratochvil. Clay
Center; J. A. Cham berlain,. Ellis; j. O
Hall, Hutchinson: HI. p. Butcher, Wei
lington; w. S. Hcusner, Salina; H. j
Waters. Manhattan: NJ E. Pearson
Kansas City; Frank Strong, Lawrence
| Executive committee. A. Low
Their, chairman. Emporia; r. A
Schwegler. chairman college section
! Lawrence; NC. Prunty chairman
high school section, Winfield; J. II
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1914-11-07

will speak on 1.-THE Measure OF Merit
of Teachers and The Measure and
Merritt in Pupils"
In every well-supervised school his
formulas for getting at the true value
OF the teaching done are kept in mind.
The teacher who hears these two adj
dresses will not only know the stand
ards by which he is Judged. but how to
judge, also. the work that is being done
Merit in Pupils
Dynamic Ideals"
DR.. Arthur Holmes, dean of Pennsyl-
vania State college, who is one of the
new men in the new education. exceeds
DIR. Elliott in presenting the message
he has for the Kansas teachers in
sional values. The first of these will
be an inspiratfonal one-''Dynamic
IDEALS" and to get the force of what
this will be one must know something
Of the fire and intensity which char
acterizes DR.. Holmes as a speaker
The second address will be an excursion
into the will-o'-the-wisp land OF
the will of the child. land where only
disaster awaits the teacher without
scientific grasp of 1.-The Adolescent
Impulses" the subject of the second
address. The last number by DR.
Holmes will be 1.-The Classics and Gull
ture'' to be given before the Latin
round table.
DR.. J. w. E. Bowen, vice president OF
Cannon Theological Seminary of At
lanta. Ca, will speak on personally
Teaching Versus Book Teaching" DIR
Bowen comes as representative of the
race that has been granted the right oil
aspire. He is said to be an orator OF
high rank. a thinker of the most cath.
Ole character. and an educator whose
message CLEANS with unusual bril-.
liancy.
ssThe Spirit Of Play"
On Friday evening, a woman who il
foremost among the teachers of thu
TConffnued on PAGE EVE
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1914-11-07
LIST OF SPEAKERS
Strong Program for Boards of
Education Conference.
Governor Geo. HI. Hodges Will
Give an Address.

One of the important features Of
the meeting next week will be the
boards of education conference under
Charles w. Thompson of Marion. 1t
is expected that 500 Of the 10000
school board members in Kansas will
be in attendance.
strong program has been ar
ranged. Among the speakers will be
George H. Hodges, governor of Kan
sas, and w. D. Ross, state superin-
tendent of public instruction.
Mrs. Cora G. Lewis will speak on
what Standards or Qualifications
Should Be Required for Teachers?''
DR.. ]. F. Bobbitt of the University
of Chicago will speak on school
Costs" and will present some original
IDEAS
J. H. Seibert of Marion will discuss
Methods of Selecting Teachers
B. Emerson of Florence will handle
the subject, Telephones in Rural
Schools"
Senator w. P. Lambertson of Fair
view is down for a discussion of the
resolutions of the educational council.
Henderson Martin was the first
chairman of the boards of education
conference three years ago; he was
reelected the following year.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1914-11-07
LIKES THE PROGRAM.
President HI. j. Waters Urges Profess
sOrs to Attend Meeting.

Henry ]. Waters, president of the
State Agricultural college, is urging
the entire faculty of the institution to
attend the meeting at Topeka. In a
letter addressed to the members of
the college board of instruction he
says:
THE Kansas State Teachers asso-
citation will hold its annual convention
in Topeka, Nov. IL and IS. An espec-
tally attractive program has been ar
ranged. Such a meeting offers us each
an opportunity to get a broader vision
of our work. and to get in closer
touch with the educational forces of
the state.
Il very earnestly desire that all who
can possibly arrange to go, attend the
convention and take part in the dis
cussions whenever the opportunity Of
fers. Many of the section meetings
will be especially interesting to our
teachers, who, I am sure will be able
to contribute much to the success of
the program.
THE college banquet will be held
in the First Baptist church on Friday
evening. Nov. IS, at 6 o'clock. 1 sim
cerely trust that the college will be
we'll represented at every session.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1914-11-07
Topeka AS THE HOST,
Arrangements for the Entertainment
of the visitors.

Topeka is making pretentious prep
arations for the entertainment OF the
Kansas teachers next week.
Homes will be gladly thrown open
for the visitors, and everything possible
will be done for their comfort. The
teachers of the city schools will pro-
vide check rooms and other con-
veniences in the manual training high
school building an1 will serve refresh
ments.
The Topeka Commercial club will
provide sixty Boy Scouts to serve as
guides and to make themselves gen.
orally useful. and will furnish ushers
for the meetings. The club will also
maintain bure.u of information at
the corner of Sixth and Kansas avenue
and one at Eighth and the Avenue.
High Class Concert.
The Commercial club, through the
Merchants association, has at great
expense booked high class vocalists for
a special entertainment complimentary
to the visitors for Thursday evening at
o'clock in the Auditorium. Miss
Jenny Dufau, coloratura soprano, and
Enrico Aresonf, tenor, members or the
Chicago Grand Opera company, and
artists of international reputation have
been engaged Charles Luvey will be
the accompanies He is said to be one
OF the best in the country.
E. F. Stanley is in charge or the
local committee ON arrangements and
is handling the assignment OF rooms.
His task is a heavy one. but he Is ex-
perienced In the work and handles 1t
in q manner which shows special
gift in this direction.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1914-11-07

Special words of welcome to the
teachers Of Kansas on their forth
coming visit to Topeka nearly bor-
der on the superfluous. 1t almost
goes without saying that Topeka il
pleased to welcome any assemblage.
large or small, that sees fit to honor
the city by selecting it as meeting
place. This is true even OF the in
dividual who comes here for short
stay or a long one. Topeka is proud
to play the host to any one person,
or any number of persons. Nor does
Topeka stand alone in this particu-
ular. The city that doesn't feel the
same way is the glaring exception
and not the rule.
At that, though, the sentiment Of
Topeka towards the teachers is per-
haps a little different from what
it is to other visitors, it is more in
innate. Topeka and the teachers
are old friends. and the familiarity
between them is not of that well
known variety that breeds con-
tempt, certainly not from the stand
point of Topeka. And as Topeka
comes to know the teachers better
with each succeeding year that they
gather here, as it becomes better
acquainted with the tremendous
work they are doing, with their
aims and ambitions, it would be re-
markable if Topeka did not have the
warmest spot in its heart for them.
1t has. And this year, as in the
cnes which have gone before, To-
peka will make every effort to ex-
tend the cordiality and entertain
ment that the teachers deserve.
This means an attempt to attain
superlatives. But any less effort
would not be commensurate with
the occasion.
Topeka is also especially honored
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1914-11-07
Tobeka's Welcome to Kansas Teachers

play in planting it and nourishing
1t. The people are beginning to
realize that education and the
teachers have for all too long been
the footballs of politicians. And
they should be in a mood to sup
port the demands of the teachers.
that education and they be elimin-
ated from the political realm.
Such movements have gained
much Roadway in other states. The
time Is ripe for one in Kansas.
1t may be that the teachers will
have to get into politics to be di-
vorced from them. paradoxical
though that may seem. But the
sooner they do so, If necessary, the
better it will be for themselves. for
education and for the development
OF the body polite along more right
eous lines. If the teachers feel
that they must lobby in legisla-
lures for the reforms that the
schools need and the justice that is
due them. or crusade in campaigns
for the election of public servants
who will treat with education and
it's adjuncts as the necessary de-
velopment of the schools demand,
the sooner they get busy the bet
ter it will be for all concerned, in
Guiding the state itself and its flu
ture.
Who should be better fitted to
advise with boards of education as
to the necessities of the schools or
with members of legislatures as to
the changes that may be desirable
in the school systems than the
teachers? This is one Of those
questions that answers itself. And
it is to be hoped that they won't
longer hesitate about doing so
whenever the occasion demands or
the opportunity presents itself.
Welcome teachers, and assert
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1914-11-07

at being the home Of the teachers
convention, because it is of such i'm
portance to the progress and the
welfare of the commonwealth. Edu-
cation, an education for all, 10 the
keystone of an advancing civiliza-
ton. It holds together the arch ON
which rests the foundation for the
wonderful structure of government
that the people of these United
States have builded. And the teach
ers are the agents, or rather the
mentors, through which this educa-
ton is transmitted to the youth of
the land, for the most part it is
true. But they are the men and
women of tomorrow. They must be
better men and women, ADLER and
fairer, if the state and the nation
are to progress as they should. Their
development to such desira BILE pro-
portions can only come through ed
ucation. through the teachers. And
conventions like the ones that the
Kansas teachers hold in Topeka
each year, with their instructive adj
dresses by the best talent in the
educational world, with their side
meetings and round-tables where
ideas are exchanged, such conven-
tions are among the major means
by which the teachers fit themselves
AoI tHelT tiipoEIdAl anu tIylA6 ldSAS.
The school teachers have been
some time in coming into their
own, and more's the pity. They
haven't reached this goal yet in
Kansas, by any means. In many
cases. their pay is far from being
what it should be. The facilities
with which they have to work are
often inadequate. But matters are
improving in these particulars all
the time. The peoples eyes are
opening gradually to the essential
Importance Of education, and to
the major part that the teachers
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1914-11-07

Clement, chairman graded school Sec
ton. Dodge City: ]. w. Miley, chair
man rural school section, Girard: Miss
Mary Pfeffercorn, chairman primary
section, Leavenworth: w. D. Ross,
state superintendent, Topeka.
The officers of the association are
all teachers OF long experience in the
schools of the state President Low
Their has been at the head Of the EN-
poria schl OILS for ! 8 years. Miss Wet
zig has been county superintendent of
Riley county several terms. w. d.
Ross has L.en identified with the
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1914-11-07
Leading Educators of the Com.
try win Speak.
We'll KNOWN WOMEN here
They Will Have Important
Part ON Program.
Questions of Vital Importance
will Be Discussed.

The program for the hfty-second an
nual meeting Of the Kansas State
Teachers association. November 1914.
indicates that there will be much brill
liant Oratory and many able addresses
by educators Of unusual ability. In
fact fully twenty OF more than state
wide reputation have been engaged to
speak. Aside from this there are many
prominent Kansans on the program.
DR.. e. C.. Elliott Of the University Of
Wisconsin is recognized as the greatest
master of his field in America. He
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1914-11-07
WHO IS WHO
WITH TEACHERS
Leading Educators Are on the
Official Staff.
L. A. Lowther of EmpOria Is at
the Head.
IAN ALl-STATE ORGANIZATION
How the Officers of Association
Are Elected.
Information of Interest to
Teachers of Kansas.
I'M ALI-STATE ORGANIZATION

The Kansas State Teachers associa-
ton is an all-state organization, al
we'll as a complete one in the work OF
the schools.
The state at large chooses the presi-
dent, vice president. the auditing COM
mittee of three. and the five members
of the executive committee. These will
be nominated by the board of directors
at q meeting on Thursday evening,
after the concert at the Auditorium.
and will be voted upon Friday morning
in the general session. II there Is any
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1914-11-07
TO KANSAS TEACHERS

You can have The Topeka State
Journal mailed to your address each
day one year for $3.50, six months for
$3.50, or 100 days for 800. The pa
per will be of great value. to you in
your school work.
The Kansas legislature will be in
session in Topeka this winter, and the
State Journal il the official state pa
per. Much Of this news will be of
particular interest to you.
Send in your order now 20 you Will
have the news in detail covering all
the meetings In Topeka next week.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1914-11-07

schools of Kansas throughout his
whole career as teacher-25 years
in ALL S. NJ. Nees of Independence,
has been at the head of either the city
schools there. OF the Montgomery
county high school for 80 years. d. A.
Ellsworth, secretary, was professor OF
geography at the Emporia State Nor
NAL school for twenty years, and at
the time he resigned was the longest
in service in that school Of any man in
the faculty.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1914-11-07

At the general sessions of the meet
ing next week the doors of the audi
forum will be kept closed while
speaking Is in progress and during the
rendering of musical numbers.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1914-11-07

Registration headquarters will be
found in the north wing of the state
house corridor.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1914-11-07
PIPE ORGAN RECITAL.
It VIII Be Opening Feature Of Meeting
of Teachers.

The fifty second annual meeting OF the
Kansas State Teachers association will
be opened at the Auditorium Thursday
morning, Nov. II. at $50 O'Clock with
pipe organ recital by Dean Horace
Whitehouse OF Washburn college.
The program:
Boellman. Suite Gothique
I. Choral.
III. Minuet.
III. Prayer.
". TOccato.
Rogers. Prelude in D major
......... Christmas PastOrale
Wfdor. ToccAto from the Fifth Sym
phony