davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-02-15

cessful resistance to English troops by
the former slaves after the publication Of
an emancipation proclamation. In 1s0.
after l'Ouverture had died a prisoner in
French prison, Dessalines led another
revolution, this time II successful one, the
French abandoning the contest i'll 1895.
January |, 1904. Dessalnes promulgated
the Haitian declaration of independence.
which has been maintained ever since.
After being proclaimed governor general
for life, and ufterWard emperor Us Jean
Jacques I. i'll November 1906, Dcssalincs
was aSsasSinated.
OF Marti, the Cuban patriot whose his
tory is OF such recent date it remains
to speak briefly. He was the apostle of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-02-15

much to persons who have read me
chanicS.
The lathe may be a small mechanical
device. but 1t is big subject. The first
of these devices was the potter's wheel.
1t was known SO far back in the history
of ancient Egypt that the head SWtmS in
trying TO contemplate the abyss of time.
1t is shown on the oldest of tine Egyptian
monuments that have been unearthed in
the late archaeological excavations. The
god Ptah is many times represented as
molding man by means OF potter 3
wheel The turning lathe. having its
work suspended on horizontal centers, is
mentioned by Greek writer's whose bones
We're dust before the Christian era These
lathes turned wood, but not metal. Do
dorus Siculus. the historian, gives the
credit for the invention of the turning
lathe to one TaluS, and Pliny mentions
Theodorus of Samos as the inventor.
Step by step the turning lathe was de-
veioped through the centuries. The
''forejaw" and the universal chucks"
and many other Appliances were added
as the years went by that the lathe
became capable of great variety of
work. cutting spiral grooves in shafts,
scrolls in face-plate, skew-wheels, and
also turning articles of oval, spherical
and other forms.
At length there was developed 10 a
point which approached perfection the
'-sphere-turning lathe" 1t is the lathe
which is used for turning billiard balls,
tenpin balls and other objects of true
sphrical form An authority on machan-
les, describing this lathe. says: THE
ball is held in chucks attached to oppo-
site spndles and moved toward each
other by right and left-hand screws.
These are operated by two spur wheels
gearing into two other spur wheels on Il
longitudinal horizontal shaft SO that the
ball may be 'chucked' centrally over the
center around which the tool post is car
ried.
The tool post is attached to q disk in
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-02-15

the Cuban uprising, which resulted short
ly before the close of the last century
i'll throwing off The: Shackies of Spain
After !; varied career, which included I'M
prisonment in 1862. at the ag. of sin
teen, on account of his political ideals,
and exile to Spain in 1879. when he cscaI'-
cd in the following year TO New York.
Marti began with i gigantic activity his
collection of funds. organization of clubs
aud preparation of ornaments. which
made Cuba's final revolt against Spain
a success. After the outbreak of the rcNu-
luton Marti thought it his duty to join
it as d soldier. Against the opposition OF
his friends who knew that he could
have been more useful elsewhere, he
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-02-15
1al1Npf(

the Place Denfort-Roche
Researches starting from a house
that went down bodily disclosed that
the streets of entire wards We're In
danger of sinking. The royal inspec
lion consolidated the streets, but re-
fused to consolidate private properties.
and thus great stretches of the deeper
catacombs, particularly, were left open
and there by pillars, according to the
fancy of owners
As a center for consolidation the COM
mission bought very ancient fortified
mansion, in its walled grounds, called the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-02-15

i.&ceft Jodsy. To-day the Latin QUAR-
S.r whispers of the wagon.
The wagon The rumbling, thGudcriuC.
unseen, awful wagon dashins down there
through the black and hollow ways, That
shilis the hearts of mushroom growers
with blind dread.
You understand, it IS q city down there
vast. unknown. Paris has always been
built up from stone found underneath her
soil. The soft. creamy quality lies deep
once down there, they followed the veins
Little by little the galleries grew and met
one another. As tile upper city grew the
lower labyrinth became foreotten--clean.
dry. empty down there, Already in Gothic
times when safety began fifty feet IN
der ground" the network was u realm
of mystery hiding, fight and violence.
NOBODY really knows it nov Up To the
twelfth century the palaces. churches,
public and larger private buildings We're
built from the eataconbs quarried under
300 acres of the present surface i'll three
well known groups-under the Gobeiins,
under the Latin quarter and. on the other
side. the wi,ole Trocadero quarter. il
here is :, TACT. The Isolated group under
the Jardin des Plantes dates from Roman
times In Dunkel's Topography and
Consolidation il is said to communicate
with the far-of Latin quarter eatacombs,
ret no map OF the engineers shows il.
Elaborate plans made fifty years ago
by Delesse and Lefebure de Fourcy Were
burned with the Hotel de Vile III 1871
Only partially made over by the ancient
aiIdrries service. they have never Deem
plbIished. Dunke.'s book. incomplete and
reduced. remains the only guide for real
estate buyers. They have often queer
surprises. \ wall may shift without
notice: In Dunkel's book. siXty-eight en-
frances are marked. and the stairways
leading down to them have from eighty
TO 240 steps.
Next to the inspectors and their work
men Of the curious old subterranean
guild. those who know most about the
catacOmbS of Paris are the mushroom
growers. Ask for grlled mushrooms in
ulushroom-loving Paris. and YOU get
dishes as big as the palm, perfumed,
luscious. on toast-and certain not to be
plains the waiter. which means planted
mushrooms from the subterranean city.
Well. q recent report of the mushroom
syndicate refers to forty members pos
sessing their own entrances to ancient
auarries, and tells of their ventilation
and heating. Ventilation is inexpensive.
Old wells in central Paris. are quite nu-
merous. When, in digging them, old
water seekers struck a quarry, they just
let themselves down into ii by a rope.
and continued digging in its floor 1t
was that much work gained. Seen from
the catacombs, such wells look like iso-
lated pillars. or. more often simple
holes in floor and ceiling In either
Ease the mushroom growers have only
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-02-15

y Wagon Loaded
With Bones of Former
Kings OF France Thun-
ders Under Paris in the
Night Tale of the
Wholesale Mushroom
Grower and Traditions
of the Subterranean
Guild The Wonder
tul Underground City.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-02-15

the center of the lathe, having a thread
ed periphery engaged hy = worm, 10y
which a circular moi on equal IN amount
TO the width of cut of the tool Is lmpart-
ed to it at each revolution Of the hajl."
All bowlers know, but tie casual real
er may not that the Siz. and weight ui
tenpin balls and tenrins arr prescribe q
by the supreme court of bowling. heiil.
laid down in an irouclid WAY n the Fl.l"s
and directions OF The National BoWliu=
Association. TIL. so-called standard ban.
which is The largest and the heaviest Boa
pernbitted under he bowling 9sSoc iati"is
rules. is twenty-seven inches IN c!rcuu-
ference and weighs sixteen pounds. The
dimensions of Other balls an use on t,ii-
pin alleys are from elght and half
inches in diamater TO -four inches in de-
crements of one-half inch
Tenpn balls other than wood have
within recent times appeared on the mar
ket. The information was given to the
man who writes this that the compost
ton" is Of rubber and iron. The ball is
n beautiful mechanical accomplishment N
the eye of the bowler.
Everybody who mas ever looked At a
large tenpin ball has noticed the holes
which have been bored into il for the
thumb and fingers by which the ban is
swung before being sent down the alley.
These holes constitute the grip. and
experiment, measurement and nice exc
cution are required in having this grip
nit the players hand \ skillful bowler
in giving suggestions to ordinary bowlers
said:
See that the thumb and finger holes
are the right size and the proper dis
tance apart. You cannot control the bah
II tho hand is crsmped. no not use a
bah with shsrp-edcea tloies.
There is fiber Sleeve OF lining.
which is lifted into these grip holes. and
players are advised never To insert the
thumb and fingers deeper into these holes
than the. first joint
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-02-15

To clean o9t the c1okeu-up ar smart u
the surface
50 the whole dark adventure starts
from the dark farm of such a nush-
roomer, off the antique Hollow street and
near the Tombc isord- He is Guesclin,
wcll-tu-do morose and silent; n dark
man. His farm hand. Gideon, told first
of the accused passing.
Gideon was planting spores toward
. p.m.-all hours are the same down
there. He heard kind of far-oR rum
bling and at first he thought 1T was
the subway-yet they never hear the
subway down there; it is much too
high above them Slowly. it grew
louder and less distant. And it sud
denly dawned on the mind of Gideon
that the phenomena was extraordinary.
inexplicable. unparalleled. impossible,
Far off, there was something coming
up the black ways, not like train,
but a noise of Earring, humping shocks
like wood on stone. and mingling with
il. echoing in the darkness, hollow
clacking of rude footsteps. GideQn's
blood chilled with an unknown horror.
He ran for the stairway just in time,
because the rumbling grew to be a
roar, the roar became a deafening up
roar and there Numbered past him
black shape, amid veritable pande-
monium of nameless noises. stupidity,
lie heard the rumble of 1T growing
fainter in the distance. He struck
light and glanced at his watch. 1t was
minutes after midnight.
Guesclin did not like the story. He
was more Disguised when his nearest
rival. an Alsatian named Gutzwiller,
permitted his wife to whisper of ''un
natural noises" worse than human"
how her servant Nellie dropped the
beer which she was drawing, in the
second cellar, for christening party
close to midnight. Woman. shut up"
grumbled Guesclin. But she did not.
Soon the narrow, ancient street was
whispering about the "neighbors down
there And Guesclin whispered to
Gutzwiller. savage: soon you won't
be able to hire farm hands,
Both have grimy little shops. mil
dewed. cheap-looking, cramped for
space. But go with them downstairs
right through the second cellar floor.
down. down, some SO, 90 or 100 steps,
you strike broad domain, of spacious
galleries intersecting in round domes
and oval and the man of the mean
shop, upstairs. is lord of broad, dry.
avenues, electric lighted.
except when they plant spores. as they
must do, in the darkness. For quar-
ter of a mile. the broadest avenue is
lighted, warmed and lined with three
tiers earth filled shelvings. Then, be
Nond, in darkness, il leads on on, on,
for miies-to the realm of the neigh
bors."
Dread realm, Realm of mystery in
the old days when safety began sixty
ners IN the time of Jeanne dare, the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-02-15

the light which was to result in the es
Enlistment of Il republic there.
AS TO San Martin. he occupied about
tue same position in the countries in the
southern end of South America did
Bolivar in the north His efforts were in
behalf of Argentina, Chile. Uruguay and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-02-15

ARTS i ancient,
mysterious with
another Old. for
gotten city of dark,
S Hen T.. g m y t y
streets beneath her
surface only when
& periodical eavc-in
occurs does thu
world hear ct the
obscure realm be
meath the capital
The eatacombs Of
Paris
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-02-15

monuments III their capitals to him, for
he had as much to do in securing the
freedom of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and
Bolivia from Spain in the early part OF
the last century as he did in aiding his
native country oil Venezuela. Bolivia was
natued after him.
The bust OF Duarte was designed BY
Abclardo Rodriguez a Dominican sculp-
form and IS Ia bu carved into marble as
soon a. possible No time has yet been
st FOR u" unveiling of it, as it is not
known juat how long it will be before
the marble bust sill be ready.
In 1>2l the Spanish part of the island OF
Santo Domingo had separated from the
French part, the latter becoming Haiti.
In 1884 Juan Pablo Duarte, then a young
and brilliant statesman and lover Of lib
erty who had been in Europe. returned
to his native land. Greatly affected by
the then miserable condition of his coun-
trEInen. ae resolved TO help the people.
Assisted by other patriots, he went to
work To encourage and prepare his coun-
tFymen Tor revolt and the establishment
OF an independent government He was
the leader in the organization of a society
which called Itself the "Trinitaria," or
the Trinity. whose members swore to
free their country from the hand of the
Duarte Was appointed general in thief
of the army of the republic and adopted
as his standard In. words God, Country
and Liberty Under this banner the pa
tnots fought. HN the close of 1872
Duatte and his followers had a large fol-
lowing Fighting then continued at in
t"rTa!s throughout the island. until by
the middle OF March, isl4. the country
mad secured its Independence Duarte
was placed al the head of the central
board and Santana was proclaimed presi-
dent
The army Of Cibao soon after proclaim
ed Duarte provisional president. but the
central board sustained the presidency
eI Santana ana Duarte was condemned
10 exile \ civil war resulted in which
the adhsrents of Dutrte We're defeated
and September 10 1874. he left the island
an exile. never again to return alive to
his native land. In 1854 eight years
after his death in Caracas, his body was
taken from the Venezuelan capital back
10 Santo Domingo, where it was depos-
Tied III the cathedral. During the period
OF preparation for Dominican independ-
ence, from 1874 TO 1874. Duarte was the
commanding figure. lie was a defender
of right and justice
=
OF the heroes who already adorn the
talis of the Tan American building here
some are almost too well known even in
TINS country to need comment. After
Wash af
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-02-15
JUAN PABLO QUARTZ:

is possibly the best known of any in the
western hemisphere, for 1t was TO his
ability general that five or more of
the republics of South America owe their
independence He was born in 17SS and
died in 1880, few years before the time
when Duarte began in Santo Domingo
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-02-15

NNTo DOMINGD
la just selected
its national hero.
aud his bust soon
will he brought 10
Washington " be
added 70 the sai-
aNy of Latin
american heroes
whose marble Inol
uineuts ;tdorI The
the upper gallery
surroundinE I Ii =
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-02-15

known is that beside the Barriere d En-
fer. close to the students ball The sec
ond is that of the Tonlbe Isord The Jhi d
is on the plain Of Montsouris. The mar
row stairways permit only two TO pass
at once down to lS5 feet. They lead to
the upper gallery, wide enough for thirty
men to march abreast. To right and left
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-02-15

Hound Pack Of thu ,atarornts,'' wLs,
come M 10 seek ihcir food in PARIS
10y hieht-
,indint. - ~. xys,.,,,,.
II exists, tn. Wagon
II seems that - .joEcn auug men
armed with ,nautitirs ~ tails ~
twinc chalk. powerful Iai.f,-t. ana
reserve oil. Went ,NElpriu-. FROM th~
Guesciin mushroom hONr- en- on ava
through the dark. uuAuoNu gallo y
whenc" thu n"i>' caul,
Nearly two miles distant hoy .au,S
on a horrid stretch ci scattered hoii"s
and miles of debris. watch extended
70 a DOM "nei' strange object
stood
II was clumsy ~ooa'u Nasp'l. nlaa-
OF 4 rough. very i'"ANN- "t.ti"tf pHcl
mi case on q sun hi,i' at'iont HuarIt
."t.'t. uS''t 10 Ni"" "h'u ="
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-02-15

Tombe 1sord. on the old highroad to Or
leans, the Hollow street, so named for
good reason. They dug a stairway of
10 steps. which still exists. Hundreds of
masons worked months preparing pillars
and masonry to bolster up the roofs of
antique quarries.
There are three entrances. The best
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-02-15


off to unknown distances under the Eau
bourgS st. Jacques and st. German.
Nj this work.. 100 years ago, suggested
the idea to utilize the catacombs solidi-
fed. How use them? There is only
one use, as in Rome-to store the dead.
The ancient cemetery of the innocents
in central Paris. was a dangerous and
wasteful eyesore. They transported ALI
its bodies to the cataconbs thus fixed up
Tor them And, Paris spread and
crowded, one by one, each ancient GENE
terry was transported TO the ancient quar-
iies
These arc the catacombs which tourists
visit. 4 short stretch Of half a mile is
shown. But the dead go on. on for miles
neglected, cluttering up. where none but
workmen Of the subterranean guild have
lentured.
Here sleep the dead of Paris OF all
ages. Vague multitudes. great mobiles,
canonized saints. robbers hanged at
Montfaucon. In the confused equality
Of death Merovingian kings keep 81
lence beside victims of the commune
of 1871. Nalois. Bourbons Orleans.
Stuarts mix with beggars from the
Cour des Miracles and aoo vic
TINS of the massacre of st. Barthol-
oineW.
the mushroom growers.
1t is a trip of dark miles amid orunn-
bling pillars. partial cave-ins and I'M
known horrors. never ventured but, in
frequently. by workmen of the sub
terranean guild. some twenty obscure
specialists commanded by three engi-
neers and an inspector general. From
father to son this crowd has kept the
old job of the royal commission.
Dwellers on the threshold, Though
mere Journeymen maSons. they pick
their own work. They pass their lives
pottering about. exploring. hunting
weak spots under streets and running <
up new pillars. They have traced
black lines by which they find their
way through Iabyrinths of intersection.
turning galleries emptying into vast
domes from which five streets may
part, TO unknown distances. without
plan, the ancient quarrymen fol-
lowed the best quality of building
stone.
Only these men know the catacombs
in part From father 10 son they
have kept the old traditions of the
catacombs and some of them are
awful.
All right Upstairs in a mean
street of the Latin Quarter gossips
whispered, pointing to the mushroom
shops of Guesclin and GutZwiller
Rumor spread. Wherever there We're
mushroom growers. from the Pantheon
to the Lion of Belfort. and from the Park
ed of anarchists. counterfeiters and
clandestine printing presses. and re-
vived old legends of the witches sab
bath" the Black Rider" and the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-02-15

trades unions Of the middle ages, the
free livers of the Cour des Miracles,
the Red Fingers under Francis l and
the housemarkers under Henri III, they
have been abandoned now for centuries
to silence.
Long ago the weaker surfaces caved
in. Particularly. round 1174. such
numerous cave-ins, following on pro-
longed rains and much new building,
came to be so dangerous that royal
inspection of ancient quarries was APP
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-02-15

patio in the Fan-American Union build
ms III this city. The hero whom Santo
Domingo has chosen is Juan Pablo
DUarle, who was the leading spirit and
the inspiring figure throughout the strug
gle which resulted in the independence
of the island republic. finally accomplish
ed in 1914. from Spain.
When the statue of DuaEte is placed
IN position in the masnificent home here
devoted TO Pau-American interests Santo
Domingo viii be the eleventh OF the
twenty-oue republics on the western hem
isphere thus to honor its national hero.
The nited States and nine others of the
Pan-Americap countries already have
done so. This will leave ten Of the ma
tons in the Pan--lmerican Union still TO
be heard from. II is understood, however.
that Uruguay has selected Artisas aud
Guatemala Barrios their greatest
national heroes. so that they proh
will not be long in arrears of the porg.it-
lean republic III unVeiliIlg the monuments
here To their leaders
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-02-15

The heroes of the western. world who
already stand On their red marble ped
stalls III the Pan-American hall, awaiting
their comrades from the other nations
are George Washington for the United
States. San Martin for Argentina. Boni-
iacio for Brazil, Juarez for Mexico Boil
var for Venezuela, Marti for Cuba Dassa-
lines for Haiu, Herrera for Panama.
Mora for Costa Rics, and Morazan for
Honduras.
There is q curious link between Duarte
the hero Just chosen by Santo Domingo,
one of the Youngest of the American
republics, and Bolivar. whose name is
q household word not only in Venezuela
The land of his birth. but in "a number of
other Latin American countries, ard who
IS loved and honored there in just as
important a manner as is Washington in
:hc United States.
In 1875, Quartz, then an exile from his
country, died in the city of Caracas
Venezuela where almost one hur6re,
3.strs earlier the great Bolivar had been
boz. NhIlc Venezuela claims Bolivar as
]i',r national hero and placed his statue
s. the PaII-AneT7can building here, other
60 4ntries Of South America have erected
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-02-15

sp"e'i1 ,.-rasI.oudsuse ~ The star.
I'AETS. February 1. III
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-02-15

or the heroes who already adorn the
haiis of the Tan American building here
some are almost too well known even in
TINS country to need comment. After
Washington the name of Simon Bolivar