davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1914-11-12
Stous Glass Shinnent.

Pittsburgh, Pa, Nov. 9.-Thousands
of dollars worth of glass. ready for
shipment to all parts of the world, is
being delayed in Pittsburgh by the
cattle quarantine regulations, requir-
ing the disinfection of hay and straw.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1914-11-12
Reward Girls Bravery

Eau Claire-Miss 3agna TangjorG
has been awarded a hero medal by the
Ralston hero medal commission of St
Louis for her brave rescue of the lit
tie son and daughter of Rev. H. B, Kill
dahl Of Milwaukee. from drowning in
Prairie lake July Z.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1914-11-12
RaIcians Get First Relief.

Rotterdam, Nov. 4-The hrst out
side relief for the starving peoples of
Belgium has arrived ID thai ricken
country. Foo1stuffs from the steamer
Koblenz, which arrived from England
on SATURDAY., reached Belgium.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1914-11-12
New Provisional Presioent.

Ell Paso. Tex, Nov 4-Gen.
EulaIio Guthierrez. commander OF
state troops in San Luis Potosf and
military governor, has been named
provisional president of Mexico by the
Aguas Calientes convention.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1914-11-12
Elorida Tax Law Is Valid

Washington, Nov. 4.-Florida gross
earnings tax Of $3.50 on each 500 of
sleeping and parlor car receipts. which
was declared by the Pullman company
TO be unconstitutional. was held valid
by the Supreme court.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1914-11-12
Que b., Treasurer Dice

Montreal. Nov. 2.-The Hon. Peter
Samuel George Mackenzie, treasurer
of the province of Quebec. dronna
dead at his home in upper Melbopr
near Richmond. Que. He has occpnss
the post of treasurer since 1910
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1914-11-12
SIX MEN KILLED FIRE
New York Lodging Is Burned-Many
Others Badly Injured.

New York, Nov. six men were
killed and many badly hurt in a fire
that destroyed the Waverly hotel,
lodging house at 342 Eighth avenue.
Before the fire was discovered it
had destroyed the stairways and cut
off the escape of so men in the build
ing. The majority of these were res
cued by iremen, but a number leaped
from the second story.
Seven were so badly hurt when they
jumped that they had to be taken to
hospital
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1914-11-12
Protests Use of Cathedral

Rome, Nov. Baron Won Muh-
berg, the German ambassador, has pre-
sented to the pope, Germany's formal
protest against the French placing a
battery of field pieces behind Rheims
cathedral
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1914-11-12
q w. Sears Left $4,000 oon

Waukegan, H., Nov. An exactly
122 words, R. W. Sears dis osed OF
his entire estate of s17.500.000 in his
will. probated in county court Mr..
Sears bequeathed his entire estate,
both personal and real, to his wife.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1914-11-12
Osh kosh Wants New Depot.

Oshkosh. - Oshkosh people have
started a movement to have the st.
Paul road build a new depot. The old
one has done service for about twenty
years and is of the combination freight
and passenger type.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1914-11-12
New Head at Navv Yard.

Wasbington.-Capt E. W. EberIe
has been detached from the cruiser
Washington, now in Dominican wa
tiers, and ordered to duty as COM
mandant of the Washington navy
ward.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1914-11-12

Quebec, Que, Nov. "A number of
persons are reported to have been
burned to death in a fire which swept
the shoe foctory OF Cole Brothers.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1914-11-12
California Stops Prize-Fiqhtinq

San Francisco, Nov. THE con-
stitutional amendment prohibiting
prize-fghting in California appears to
have carried.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1914-11-12
Library Needs Funds.

Wausau.-Large increases in circu-
lation and new registrations have been
reported at the Wausau public library
and the board of trustees announce
that they are in pressing need of more
money TO buy books.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1914-11-12
Commercial Attache on wav.

New York, Nov. 5.-W. H. Baldwin.
the first of ten commercial attaches
of embassy recently named by the
state department to leave for his post.
started for London on the steamship
Cedric.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1914-11-12
MARRIAGES Show Decrease

Neenah.-During the month of Octo-
Der sixty marriage licenses were issu-
ed in Winnebago county. For the same
month of last year sixty-six of the per
mits were issued.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1914-11-12
Orga nizes Serpent Lair.

Ashland.-The John T. Kingston
camp, United Spanish War veterans,
organized lair of the Military Order
of the Serpent. 1t will be called "Bili-
bid lair
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1914-11-12
Cable Falls on Head

Berlin.-Hugh Jones, paving block
cutter, resident Of this city, while at
his work at Red Granite, was hit by
the top of derrick. The three inch
cable fell on his head, probably frac-
turing his skull
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1914-11-12
Turkey 4aits tf,e Exadus

Athens, Nov. 2.-The police at Con-
stantinople have stopped all British
and FreE b subjects f,om leaving
Turkey. J; : feared they may be de.
tanned as prisoners.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1914-11-12
Welsh Wins Woloast Isur,

New York. Nov. 4.-Welsh. light
weight champion o. world. won over
Ad 9, clgast in eight rounds Referee
stopped the fight and awarded the de-
cision to Welsh Wolgast broke his
hand
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1914-11-12
License 1000 Hunters.

Washburn.-More than 1000 hunt
ing permits have been issued in the
county this fall 1t is expected an
other 1000 will be issued before the
close of the season.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1914-11-12
Storstads Enoineer Drowned

Montreal, Que. Nov. 9.-Peter John
son, chief engineer of the Storstad at
the time that vessel sank the Empress
Of ireland off Father point. was
drowned in the ST. Lawrence
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1914-11-12
Killed bY Auto.

Hammond, Ind, Nov. 7-E. n. Bun
nell, president of the Hammond cham
Der of commerce, accidentally ran his
auto over and killed Herman Sarves
here
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1914-11-12
De Pnre PinnAsr Dies.

Depere.-Patrick Golden, an old res
fdent of this city. is dead He was q
member of the Brown county board
from the Second ward Of this o'tv
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1914-11-12

Chicago. Nov 9.-W. L. Ross. former
vice-president of the Chicago & Alton
railroad, was indicted by the grand
jur-- on a charge of violation of the
interstate commerce commission laws.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1914-11-12
ComnIete School Census

Neenah-There are 1,743 children
of school age in this city, according
to a revised census that has recently
been compiled. Of this number 908
are girls and 835 are boys.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1914-11-12
Defeat Boer Eorres

London, Nov. "A dispatch to &,
ter's Telegram company from "a,
Town says: Col AIberts has dafaatss
the rebels in tho I.ichter berg distric,
nf tho Transvaal''
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1914-11-12
Minneapolis. Nov. z. 1914

Minneapolis, Nov z, 1914.
Wheat-No. l hard, 1.16; No. /
northern, 1.12@115; No. northern
1O9@1.13.
Corn-No. 8 yellow, 61@69c.
Oats-No. 8 white, 44045c.
Rye-No. 2, 94@95c.
Flax-I32@135
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1914-11-12
Lahorer Killed by Train.

Oconomowoc. = August Buske, 40
wears old. was killed at Oconomowoc
when he was struck by a work train
while walking home on the Nilwau-
zoe ~r~ go rvs
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1914-11-12
Old lime Mason Is Dead

Superior-D. B. Mcclellan, aged 80,
a resident of Superior for twenty years
and q member of the Masonic order
for sixty years, is dead.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1914-11-12
Paraf7n Relieves rheumatism

Paris.-A bath in paraf1n, heated to
125 degrees, viii relieve govt and rheu.
matism, according to DR.. Bertche de
Sandfort.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1914-11-12
Chicago. Nov.

Chicago, Nov. Z, 1914 q.
Hogs-Light, 7.10@755; heavy, 705-
@H6O; rough, 705@715; pigs, 4.25@
6.S5.
Cattle-Beeves, 6.5O@11.OO; stock
ers and feeders, 4S5@z75; cows and
heifers, S.60Q9.25; calves, 7.O0@1O.5O.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1914-11-12
GETS 20 CENTS FOR A SLAP
But Aviator Vedrines Must Pay $40
TO Court In Cairo for Fracas
With a Rival

PRris.--The French consular court
at Cairo has fined Jules Vedrines, the
aviator, $40, and ordered him to pay
TO Henry Roux 20 cents damages, for
having slapped the latter when the
two airmen met in Cairo after their
flight from Paris to Egypt in Janu-
airy.
This is the final outcome of the
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-01-25

the semblance of ruins OF the Coliseum,
The guests appeared in ancient Greek cos
tune, like ghosts visiting the dismantled
scenes of former festivities. Mrs Gou-
raud's proficiency as a costume authority
won the palm for her. She moved about
among the ruins in the guise of Greek
maiden of the time OF Pericles, wearing the
iillet and the white tunic, and otherwise
made up" with startling fidelity to her
ancient model
The history of more modern times has
not been overlooked by Mrs. Gouraud. 1t
was in Paris that her guests found them
selves in the scenes and in the presence
of court favorites of Louis XIV. Mrs Gou-
raud dressed and acted the part of Madame
la Pompadour. The Countess de Lancay
endeavored to Guido her as Madame Du
Barry, and her eldest son represented
Louis XIV. The two royal favorites spared
with each other in appropriate terms Of
wit. After it was over Mrs. Gouraud
bathed in the silver bath tub, which had
been Du Barry's, and slept in that frivolous
favorites historic bed-for the Countess, as
hostess, had placed herself in possession
of these inspiring accessories
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-01-25

Later, In Paris, she gave japanese
Night" with Hawaiian features as a side
issue. Her passion for skimming the
cream from national festive life was illus.
trated in Japan by her lease for twenty
four hours Of famous tea house in
Tokio-geisha girls and all.
Neither has Mrs. Gouraud neglected the
possibilities of history. She has the cos
tunes and ceremonial customs of the an
cient Egyptians at her finger tips-as she
has proved at her Paris entertainments.
Ancient Athens and Rome gave her in
spiration for the main features of a studio
party in Paris at which Meg Viliers was
the hostess. The whole interior of the
spacious apartment was converted into
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-01-25
Science Explains the EAT En- Alive" Man

water through a tube, pressing the last Of
it with his hands.
He could also swallow six white mice,
but they caused him more trouble than
the fish, and he demanded an extra charge
of one mark for this interesting exhibit
ton. For two marks he offered to swal-
low a snake three feet long.
The man was sixty-three years old.
small, but well nourished. His demeanor
is quiet and natural, in no wise hysteri-
cal His palated reflex. like all others
tested, was normal. He exhibited the
trick of rumination as a boy and began
to regard it late in life as a possible
source of income. There was evidence
TO show that his habit OF rumination was
familiar He was tested with X-rays by
the professor and others. The stomach
was not distended and even seemed small
er than normal; all the digestive organs
and esophagus seemed intact In order
to trace the swallowed objects they were
baryumized Ca dead frog and two finger
cots).
"rhe muscle tonus of the stomach.
concludes the professor, SIS excellent
while the chemistry is abnormal. The
conclusion was reached that the stomach
possessed an abnormal elasticity"
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-01-25
Has D-A North to in
He Probably Reached Whole
Wonder Carved Mass of Ice.

piece de resistance was huge pie, from
which, when il was cut, the Inflated little
Miss Johnson emerged, surrounded by es-
Gaping live birds.
George Kessler's North Pole" dinner,
given at the Savoy Hotel. London, where
the decorations were icicles, the table an
iceberg and the walters attired as Eskimos.
Some German students in Berlin once
gave an Inferno" dinner, with costumes
and decorations suggested by Dores illus
trations for Dante's immortal work While
Mrs, Gouraud does not claim to have made
any original researches in that regional
most the only region she has not investi-
gated-these German students have spoiled
the idea, so far as sne is concerned.
Mrs Gouraud has already received a
few suggestions that have interested her.
One suggestion was for an Egyptian Des-
ert Fete"-introducing a sphinx, croco-
diles. slaves, etc. But she still hopes that
something with more originality, some
thing quite unique, may be suggested if
her offer is given wide publicity
Any suggestions sent to the editor will
be laid before Mrs. Gouraud If you are
an artist send along a sketch of your idea.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-01-25
U.s.
ckand erom

Gouraud danced la Apache with Melville
Ellis. She also danced a few steps with
a real live donkey, which trotted about
the scene burdened with cups of after
dinner coffee.
Upon another occasion, with Melville
ellis as a partner, she carried off the
honors as hostess in What was called a
striped zebra dance"-a weird affair,
both in costuming and the character of
the dance.
Some of Mrs Gouraud's most distin-
guished achievements in this line have
been for the delight of the Parisians,
where she maintains a magnifcently ap-
pointed residence. Last June she enter
tanned one hundred and fifty guests, in
Guiding Gabrielle d'Annunzio, Gaby Deslys,
NJ. de Max the actor, and Prince Trou-
betskoy. the sculptor, at fancy dress ball
in an Oriental setting that is still talked
about.
Four stalwart slaves covered with
bronze paint carried Mrs. Gouraud down
the grand staircase. She was in East
Indian harem costume, and blazed with
bronzed bodies of the slaves, as is done
in certain prNinces Of India.
In Paris it is recognized that Mrs.
Gouraud has all the spectacularism OF the
Orient at her finger tips-no one has any
chance to succeeefull-' -'-@l - y. - ---1
.e.......-..5i, - IaI1 nv Tho star Comm
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-01-25

TIME. readers of this newspaper have
from time to time, been introduced
n to Mrs. Jackson Gouraud, the Cali
fornia heiress. Her exploits and fads, her
husbands and her PETS her entertainments
barbarous and bizarre, her gods and her
religions, have been more or less fully
told.
If these occasional reports of the doings
of this misunderstanding American mill
ionairess have entertained the readers of
this newspaper-then, perhaps, you will
be glad to know that you can now render
a service to Mrs. Gouraud She is in
search of a new thrill new idea, novel
suggestion for some social entertainment
something that will make a dinner or
a dance, or reception, or a ball, or a
wedding absolutely unique.
And Mrs. Gouraud will cheerfully pay
$4,000 for an idea that appeals to her.
If the readers of this page will send their
ideas to the editor we will be glad to see
that they reach Mrs Gouraud Will any
body help Mrs. Gouraud in her hour of
need?
Mrs. Gouraud frankly confesses that she
has exhausted her ingenuity in the way of
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-01-25

The Dogmeena cannibal simple life
dance just mentioned was merely one fea-
ture of her Dance of All Nations" which
startled New York a few years ago.
Nance Gwynn represented ancient Judea
in the very frank "Salome" dance. Mrs.
Gouraud herself danced the Argentine
tango with a handsome young Russian
professional dancer. Genia Agaroff. In
other respects, also, the affair threw all
national dance" ideas into the discard.
Snake ideas are barred. Mrs. Gouraud
robbed snakes of their thrill as social en-
tertainers two years ago when she gave
ball to Odette Valery the dancer. This
affair was given at Martins in New York
The hostess appeared with a live sixfoot
pvthon draped about her neck. All the
guests were provided with snakes, big and
little. to be worn as ornaments, and most
of them-who had the nerve 70 do it
carried tiny wrigglers home in their
pockets as souvenirs.
At her famous "Hippodrome' party Mrs
Gouraud appeared as a dairy maid in at
tendance upon elephants.
She collaborated with Valeska Suratt,
the professional dancer, in a Paris Apache
dance. given in honor of Walter Wiaans
and other visiting Horse Show men. The
Paris underworld haunts Of Apaches and
their women were reproduced, with their
bare tables and sordid surroundings. Mrs.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-01-25

IL you hope TO make any impression at
all ON Mrs. Gouraud with your So, 600 ideas
steer far away from the freaks" of her
predecessors and rivals. These are some
OF the out-of-date freak affairs which others
have executed and which it will be useless
10 suggest to Mrs Gouraud
That wonder of its day, when C. X. G.
Billings, the millionaire society sportsman.
and his two score guests rode into Sherry's
on horseback and dined thus mounted at
a great circular table
The Jungle Dinner" given by the
French Geological Society, with all sorts
of tropical animals for guests. served by
monkey walters.
The Stanford White dinner, at which the
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-01-25
CONSIDERABLE interest has been
aroused in medical circles in Ger
many by a man who can swallow

- CONSIDERABLE interest has been
aroused in medical circles in Ger
many by man who can swallow
small animals and return them alive.
The doctors supposed that performan-
ces of this character. which are frequent
Iy given at country fairs were tricks by
which the eye of the onlooker was de
ceived in one way or another In this
case, however, medical practitioner OF
the highest standing reports that the
animals were undoubtedly taken into the
stomach The investigator who made
these observations is Professor Won
Gulat- Welenburg, and he records them at
great length and with much seriousness
in the Dedizinische Wochenschif, OF Mu'
Mich.
The "eat-'em-alive" man was giving ex'
hibitions in Munich recently. His act was
TO swallow frogs and fishes and bring
them forth alive. This he did thirty times
daily. Before this feat he drank water
by the quart; then swallowed in success
sion some twenty frogs and goldfish; and
while these were within him conversed
and moved about. By silent effort he
then allowed the creatures to escape
separately: he sfterward expelled the
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-01-25

ed around the trunk of the tree.
When she returned from India to New
York she brought with her an immense
quantity of Indian jewery idols, costumes
and brica- brac-enough to completely fur
nish an upper story in honor of her statues
of Buddha, to the number of more than
twenty. Mrs. Gouraud announced that she
had been converted to Buddhism.
Amid these surroundings Mrs. GoJraud
gave the series Of entertainments already
mentioned, which were the talk of the
Gay White Way Contestants for that
$4,000 prize will be wise to keep Oriental
scenery and costumes and ceremonies out
of the ideas they submit
In the days when she was the bride OF
Porter Ashe, and her home was in Los
Angeles, Mrs. Gouraud gathered the ideas
she later used at her New York and Paris
entertainments representing the native
Spanish and Mexican dances of Southern
California. She and her husband made
horseback journeys TO and from the
ranches where such dances were given.
When she was Mrs. Gillig she made
lengthy tour of the Pacific Islands, bring
ing home a quantity of material repre-.
senting the festive life of those regions.
She spent many months in Honolulu and
elsewhere in the Hawaiian Islands, living
like a native-lightly clothed, hower-gar.
landed. From these she imported the
native "Kui" dance, which has figured In
her entertainments.
T. .-1.- Aer home |1- =, g -.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-01-25

the underworlds of the cities of New York.
San Francisco and Paris for novelties that
have grown stale. She has breathed the
perfume of the Orient, importing there
from heather customs, CONSUMES, IDOLS
and strange ceremonies. She has been
everywhere, seen everything-and woven
the most bizarre features into her notorl-
Gus midnight social spectacles at her
homes in America and Europe.
Maybe something worth while mas
escaped her vigilance. But long-continued
mental exertion In that department has
given her brain flag. You're welcome to
anything she's overlooked If you discover
it, and can work it into house entertain
ment novelty that will make the most
blase social circle on earth sit up that
So 1000 prize and Mrs Gouraud'5 gratitude
are yours.
AS was told in recent issue OF THIS
newspaper the prospective No. in MIS-
ANY Crocker Gourauds serial husband
story is a Russian-Prince Alexander
Misknoff Russian princes are also great
travellers, and painstaking searchers TOT
society and other thrills which, like
familiar delicacy of their own country
are caviar to the general" On his ac-
count. as much as on her own, Mrs
Gouraud wants an idea for FESTIVE
thriller that would be caviar even 10
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-01-25

of such materi-
al. At one time
she lived for a
week or more
in the harem
of an Indian
potentate. She
even had her
self conducted
at night to the
secret scene of
native religious
dances, from
which all West
ern persons
are excluded on
pain of assas-
sination. BY
bribing an ac-
C o m m odating
priest she was
allowed to look
on from the
lower branches
of a palm tree.
where she sat
for hours with
her legs clasp
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-01-25


But the idea that will
put your hands on that
$4,000 will have to be
something decidedly diff
ferent." That is the word
- different. And what
that means will increase
in Importance and diff
Guilty as you review Mrs.
Gourauds past perform
anceS.