davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-09-24
ACTION UNDERTAKEN
 IN AN OPEN FIELD
PARTICULAR VALUE
 OF FORTIFICATIONS

II might be added that the excep- uonal power of the artillery facing each other-the heavy German artIl- ie'y nSainst the French 75 centimeter Woa'ihohs-gives ga particular value to tue temporary Qualifications which the two adversaries have drawn up.
 The task Is, therefore to take whole r""s or entrenchments, each one pro- tccied by close defenses, particularly rows oi barbed wire. with mitrail- ieufes In concealed positions
 ih these circumstances progress is slow 1t often happens that the nro- sress or the attacks only amounts to oOo meters to one ldlometer a day.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-09-24

Villa has telegraphed General Carranza disavowins the latter as first chief of the constitutiona1lst army in charge of the ex- ecutive power in Mexico. This was an nounced in a telegram from General Car ranza today to the constitutionalist agency here.
 General Villa at the same time an- nounced that neither he nor his delegates would participate in the national conven- tion called for october 1 at Mexico City, to designate a provisional President
 The exchange of telegrams resulted from General Carranzas s order to sus- pend railroad communication between Agilas Calientes and Torreon until he could learn whether or not General Obre- gon, commander of the division of the northeast, was held under arrest by Villa.
 After receiving a long message from General Carranza, Rafael Zubaran, head of the constitutionalist agency at the Mexican embassy, authorized the follow ing statement:
 "coptraiy to Villas denial that he had arrested General Obregon who had gone to Chihuahua on a special invitation from Villa himself, the latest reports make clear that he Is still being held in the territory controlled by Villas forces.
 Tn view of this unjustifiable act on Villas part Carranza took precaution- ary measures to protect the railroads, giving orders to discontinue temporarily service to the north of Aguas Caientes. Thereupon, Villa asked the first chief for an immediate explanation of this act. Carranza answered that before he would vouchsafe an explanation he dema nded on Villas part an explanation of Villas conduct in unwarrantably holding Gen eral Obregon.
 Instead of giving to t,arranza a sat
 (Contfnued on Page severn
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-09-24

news of the fighting against the Rus sians and servians, but nothing was forth- coming beyond the statement there arc are nosnew developments in the eastern theatre of the war.
 Emperor Francis Joseph receives Count von Berchtold the foreign minister. in Ions audiences daily. A session. Of the council of ministers last sunday lasted nearly five hours.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-09-24

He pdSteiloloSicdi eAdulndtlOn ciedfi
 The patient immediately wns iso- lated. Since then eight other cases have been discovered among the wounded who were returned from Gal iciR.
 10th Austrian and Hungarian min lsters of interior are taking the ut- most precautions against the spread of the diseasc.
 Vienna is awaiting With keen anxiety
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-09-24
WOULD PROSECUTE
 EACH LENDER

I1en prosecute each lender for usury.' advised MT McAdoo strongly. On another line Representative Adam son Of Georgia asserted that the banks are Financing the purchaser from England and New England and are usliis government money for that pur- pose Instead of helping tho producer. '' This MT. McAdoo was not inclined to accept. of 900 banks in the south to which I sent inquiries, said MT. Mo- Adoo. "a large majority have replied Chat the farmers are determined to hold their cotton I cannot find that the farmers are determined to hold their cotton. l cannot find that the banks are restricting credit and 1t is not fair to assume that you cannot get credit"
 fn such interchange of remarks, how cver Mir. McAdoo took occasion to promise the cotton men that they should be protected against imposition by any banks and that they should re- ctivc all the relief the government pos sibly coilu give them. For their part, the cotton men insisted that govern ment funds must be loaned direct to tho producers. that the treasury should compel the banks so to loan them, and should frohibit and prevent the diver sion of such funds to any other pur- pose vhateyer. @ s< Finally they asked for long time loans. instead of short term accomm- datiou ii
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-09-24
Greek Reservists Sail

New York. septembers ss. Seven hundred Greek reservists sailed to- night for Piraeus on the Greek liner Athenai. Greece about fortnight ago sent out a call for reserves in this country through her consul general here.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-09-24
GET DOWN TO
 ACTUAL FACTS

Let us get down to actua1 condt- tons, said MT McAdoo, and see what the situation really is. Above all Tor us Keep cool. You gentlemen have been excited and almost on the verge or panic of fear. You have scared tnc banks l do not and cannot believe that the situation is as black as vo,, paint It. We want to help you and We are going to help you, but to do so we must know the actual. exact con ditions" eo''-
 "ith paper and pencil he pinned the speakers down to figures and showed py their own statements that their original estimates of their reouire ments had been far from conservative. II not actually exaggerated through apprehension. But. while the cotton men seemed less gloomy a.s MT. McAdoo voiced hope and encouragement, they dld not weaken in the slightest in their demand for immediate relief.
 There s conspiracy between the inerchants and the cotton speculators In Texas to compel the producer to sell at sA cents a pound" read MT. Henry rom a letter. and MT. McAdoo took further notes What is your legal rate of interest?" asked MT. McAdoo.
 Six per cent,' replied Henry. "but they are charging the producers 10 per cent"
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-09-24
RESERVE BOARD
 MEMBERS PRESENT

Al the members of the reserve board were present. W. r. C. Harding of Bir- minrham showing especial interest in the proceedings
 Representative park of Georgia to- day introduced bill to authorize state banks in each state to form clearing house associations. to Issue clearing
 (Continued on Page sevenl
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-09-24
VILLA RENOUNCES
 CARRANZA AS HEAD
 OF MEXICAN POWER
Rebel Leader Announces His Inde- pendence and Places State of Chi huahud in Open Revolt Against Former Chieftdin.

Mexico City, September 23.-Manue Bonia minister of communications the cabinet of President Francisco Madro number other arrested yesterday and penentary No for the made public.
 Fl Paso September 23General Francisco Villa dominant leader northern Mexico tonight denounced the central gov headed by Venusano Carranza and his Independence in statement sent to the Associated Press
 
  previously party as
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-09-24
BREAKS OUT
 IN AUSTRIAN RANKS
Cases Discovered Among Wounded Returning From Gaicia Officers Taking Every Precau- tion to Fight Against Spread of Disease

Vienna D. the
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-09-24

Villas statement in which he asserted that. besides Chihuahua and Sonora, za- catecas and a part of coahuia, Carran- gas native state, had joined the uprising, Twas received here as follows:
 "In view of the attitude of Carranza which has been the cause of great in- buries to our country. and since he never could govern a republic nor make happy Ia country which aspires to real democ- Tracy, a country which wants to have q tgovernment emanating from the people subject to an interpretation of the ma fional feelings, we have been obliged to arenounce him as commander-in-chief of the constitutionalist army in charge Of gfhe executive power, and we have de- Nclared hostilities, being disposed to fight until the last until he is forced to aban- don his power and place the same in the { hands of the real representatives of the people, who are disposed to remedy all evils of the republic and to direct it Nthrough the proper road of progress and ] well being.
 NOT IN FAVOR
 OF PERSONALITIES
 We are not in favor of persona lisrn. but we are defenders of principles. and consequently we will not fight against any other of the chiefs who have contrib sited to the downfall of the usurper, Huerta, our difficulties being against the person of Venustiano Carranza The state of Sonora, Zacatecas and part of Goa huila have seconded, up to the present. our attitude and shortly we will be joined by adherents from other localities. Gen cral Obregon will leave tonight for Fl Paso, Texas FRANCISCO VILLA"
 All available troops under Villas com mand were rushed tonight to meet what was reported as strong force of Car f,ya -t,.r ft-a,x "a .kA cas- Even the two brigades which were sent on an overland march into Sonora 10 assist the Maytorena revolt were re- Hcalled hurriedly. They passed through
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-09-24
Telegraphs Southern Banks Regarding Alleged Exces- sive Interest and Re-
 stricted Credit
BIRMINGHAM BANK
 REFUSED LOAN ON
 COTTON CERTIFICATE
Additional Government Aid Will Be Withheld Unless Banks Play Fair With
 Farmer, Says Secretary
 in Scathing Statement

Washington, September 23.-Secre- methods to urge national banks to ex- tend legitimate credit and charge nor maj interest rates on loans. He tele- graphcd to 10 national banks in four reserve cities in the south that the requests for additional crop moving funds from the federal government would not be granted at this time, and made it clear that his action was taken in connection with reports of excessive interest rates and restriction of credit.
 In statement today made public MT. McAdoo agrees that there is an extraordinary hoarding of money by banks throughout the country and pill ing of reserves without occasion.
 Washington. September 2s-ospeeial, SiiVer lining to the cloud which hangs over the cotton states was seen toJs V py secretary McAdoo when a telegatjo Iiom the Farmers Union of America ,,n- peared before the federal reserye bo,r.l to ask immediate relief from the present depressing conditions While giving inc reserve board unstinted and sincere credit Tor endeaVorlng to assist the nroduce,s .. ', A, ~ ,''f o"e'i t''cii spohesmen, aS- serted that the effort had been an nn qualified failure.
 tnless something heroic is done with In 80 days, said Representative Henry or lexas, there will be suffering and rum and disaster in the south such as mas not been known since the civil war
 For half an hour Henry painted the situation m black, unrelieved by any light unt whatever and was followed by Rep resentative Hugess of Georgia, who was equaiiy pessimistic. Farmers notes were almost due, said both these sneakers and tne producers could get neither money With which to meet them nor credit with which to extend them. Whereat Secretary McAdoo interposed
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-09-24
Artillery Duel Giving Par ticular Value to Fortifica- tiOns Which Adversaries
 Have Drawn Up
RUSSIAN TROOPS
 PUSHING STEADILY
 THROUGH GALICIA
Germans Are Attempting to Break Through Allies at Assailable Points While Latter Rely on Big Out
 flanking Movement

Paris, September 23.-U1:l6 D. m.) The French official communication is- sued tonight. after announcing that there has been no change in the sit- nation on the battle front since the is- suance of the previous communication. comments on the battle of Aisne.
 The text of the announcement is as follows:
 There has been no change in the situation since the last communica- ton.
 The battle in progress along the Aisne has extended over eight days but it should cause no surprise if one recalls the Russo-Japanese war. ACTION UNDERTAKEN
 IN AN OPEN FIELD
 The battle of the Marne was an ac- tion undertaken In the open. sef,,a which began with a general res,,,nn ton of the offensive by the Frenet 8arry against the enemy. who did not cNpect 1t, and had not had time se,i. "usly 10 organize derensive position. The same cannot be said of the bat. ''e or the Aisne. where the adversary. who was retreating. stopped and took positions. which by the nature of the hi 'nno are substantial in themselves m ihhily places and which he gradual- " mas Improved as to organization.
 US battle of the Aisne, therefore. pr'sents on a large part of its front the character of war by assault sim liar to the operation in Manchuria.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-09-24
Disavows Chief

Juarez tonight on the way back to Chi huahua City, Villas capital.
The sun., 1914-09-27

Cluded women. Heretofore the opposl-
tiou to war has not been ~ general among
the men there as In the United states,
but y has been nearly unanimous among
the women. This has been clearly de-
monstrated at the various Int national
congresses ~ women, where resolutions
for peHce have many times been adopted
without a dissenting voice
At the International Council Of Women
In Rome last May three strong declara-
tions against war and It's attendant evils
We're heartily .ndorscd by delegates from
twenty-five countries representing several
million members. The International
Woman Suffrage Alliance, composed Of
over a million women from twcnty-three
countries has frequently declared for
peace and has Just presented u petition
20 President Wilson by its president Mrs.
Chapman Catt. ana its secretary. Nine.
R"siKa Schwimm,r ut Hungary implor-
ing him to- ind a way Of mediation I'm the
present terrnc struggle.
The peace parties In various parts OF
Europe composed OF men viii. Il is true.
be- mmctsur1hly strrug. hcucd by It's
todians OF the Carnegie and CHM and
other Large foundations wish to uni the
quickcs, ana surest way for securing the
peace Of the world they viii use their
funds for obtaining woman suffrage In
chose countries whore the parlianeuts de-
cree war or peace and democracy In the
others that shall include women as well
a men
The sun., 1914-09-27
'ALLS NAVY BRITAIN'S
"MONROE DOCTRINE

To THE EDITOR uF THE SUS-Str. At a
ime when the claims of diverse patriotism
and international rancor are prone To
nurp men : judgment and obscure their
perspective, more or 81 dIspassioudte
ul honest dissertation on the aims and
Iuilcy of one of the chief participants III
he huge struggle now in progress is a.
juvc welcome aud perhaps Illuminating
The article by br. B peInburg in TIN
SUMS sunday edition OF Sept. ~ seems
the present writer to come under the
Above category. In II Dr.. Dernburg has
'ndeavored and has largely succeeded IN
placing tho German cause Ms Cpncisrly
md plainly before the world as was pos
sIhl", and IL Is the Intention Of the pr =
M writer tn follow as nearly as no may
,hc same method of thought
Judging from DR. b"rnburg's eXposl-
Ion of ia" Grrmduic viewpoint, the man
lyuimic factor which has been the driv-
ug force OF Germauy's military eNuau-
sion has been tho overriding fear OF Pam
s.uN,Fm.
As Spain and Hungary stemmed the
de OF VI ohammedanism in Europe In past
centuries, to Germany would fail the duty
Of standing tn" bruut of the onward march
= the SldNs
This, accord ng 10 Dr Dcrnburg. would
seem to be the oycrpoWerng menace to
Europe
Somehow one can but think that
nation whose ideal was to act AZ the
sword and buckler against Slavic az
pcS lon In western Eur pe must have
cl'her been bitterly unfortunate in its
friendly ventures To its western Confrere
'r must have made some error over It's
Ideal
Dr Dornhurg Is nothing II ne is not
frank, and while drplorlng that the war
was forced upon the German nation he
freely admits that once Germanys hand
Was forced 10 draw the sword on Russia
IL was IN inevitable consequence that
France ANA Britain would be drawn into
III" conflict.
!, is "tho German peoples war; in
dunitahly
There is a doctrine of the American
continent initiated and upheld by tho
e. : A. which undoubtedly had its in
coptiun largely as a means OF national In
surance I refer TO the Monroe Doctrine
doctrine whereby the dominant power IN
'H" American continent assures itself of
II. continued dominance.
Nol what the Monroe Doctrine Is to
the American continent the British navy
~ 10 the British Empire
'lho command of the sea Is vital 70
Britain and the British Empire, and the
| command OF the sea demands paramount
The sun., 1914-09-27
QUOTES OLD SAW IN
REGARD TO NATIONS

To THE EDITOR oF TuE SrH--Sir:
The apoog'sts Of England. who aye
ow the cIiucs Cf Dls Hucclle! and Euc-
ken and also of Mr.. reste!'s article In
your Journal have evidently never heard
he saw that n Fropchman thinks
through his heart. a German thinks
through his head and an Englishman
thinks through his pockcthook, and the
present war, If it proves anything.
proves this very thing
For how else can ono account for tr.r
'rocodlle Ike tears that the British are
'hedhng over Gcrmany's violation "uf
he solemn pact" to guarantee Bclgium
neutrality. and that they have drawn the
sword solely In the defence II the same
Whereas. as Dr bernhard DonburC points
out, this very neutrality matter came up
once before. In 1879. and in that case II
was a British Premier who said in sub
stance to the House OF Parliament that
England will respect the neutrality which
II has "solemnly agreed 10 uphold" only
as long as the same is in accord with
british interests and no longer.
JolN ARHoRE.
PpooKLYN, Sept 10.
The sun., 1914-09-27

This greatest conflict In history should
silence forever the stock objection 10 Civ
ing the franchise to women that they
cannot serve their country IN time Of war
From its very beginning the papers have
uNerliOwtd d with accounts Of Their services
and their sacrifices \ New York news
paper recently had an excellent Interview
with Allen l. Hcnsor, a p~omncu: Social
lst. taking the ground that there should
be u referendum to the people before a
war was declared ana that all who voted
In favor should be sent TO the T. ont frs,
This Is logical, but while NJ. Benson
would properly have women vote ~ con-
clusion is erroneous that the women also
The sun., 1914-09-27

how repulsive ana unjust they may mp
pear. Whoever refuses on religious or on
any other grounds Is expelled from the
army and socially ostracizcd The civil
law prohibits ducllng and Furnishes it,
but the Emperor has the right 70 decree
regulations Tor his army cllshing with
legislative cnaCtments and openly defying
tnem. In theory the whole nf Ge. many
10 an armed camp, every man who once
served In the army remains constructivcly
= member of i; and und T. certain condi-
tions must obey iis commands
A most glariug Instance OF German
mllharism Is to be found in the recent
incident at Iabern IN Alsace. a young
RUSSIAN officer. having hrtrd ,hat sol
dicrs had occasionally been I'm conflict
with citizens offered To- pay his men hve
francs for the killing of every civilian
who should modest them This created
great sensation In tn" town and riots
followed Thereupon the military. with
on; authority To declare martial law, high
handedly cleared tho streets. made ar
rests in spite OF tho protest of the Gov
ernor and openly deted the civul power
Thcreupou the Rcichstdg by an over.
whcmlng majority voted a ccnsure OF tn,
Chancellor which ne entirely ignored
telling them he was appointed by the En-
pefor ana only responsible. 10 MIN perSuu-
ally. After court martial had examined
the case and found the facts az here
stated. the Emperor did not rebuke or
punish the guilty parties. but actually
promoted the Colonel who had been the
leading actor in the AFFAIR. thereby v!r-
tually asserting that the military was
superior 10 the civil power ia time Of
peace. The local parliament OF Aisace
protested unanimously, the civil governor
resigned. but no notice was taken OF this
strong disapproval. Tle Reicnstag sub
mlt'"d tinelY for fear Of clash with
the Emperor and tine military party.
such then is militarism, ana IL proves
a very different system from q standing
army for defensive purposes only.
DR. Dernhurg lutimat that tho strtg-
gle with fan-Slavism was inevitable ana
sure To come sooner or later. as though
81 were decree OF fate He tells us
that the popular enthusiasm for this i'd.
Vas such IN Russia Is 20 compel the
Gar 10 enter the present contest Bui
Or Deruburg does not inform US whl,
induced such sudden ana irresist .lla in
ltrest IN this racial or national uu stion
IN SlaN communities while IL wa. latent
or hardly perceptible at the time OF BIS.
marck
The simple answer is that 10 was pr1-
Noked ana stirred up by ,i,rmanv's aston
t"t"us support of Austria's policy or
aRsiandizrm mt at IN. expense Of Slsv
territories and populations. When few
Years ago Austria violated treaty oblip,.
lions 10y Incorporating Bosnia ana fI.r-
H'tpN!hd INTO It's state. Russia protested
ana threatened wheroupoL the German
i.mreror notified tho car that ne woild
, defend his ally by force ~ arms II neces.
S'iN Having seized Bosnia and Her
D's'N.h' Austria sired {, obtain other
say territory and. n possible 10 extend
"ei sway to the tEgcan Sea
Ia dehantly supporting the Austria,
.'H'plro IN these efforts Gcrnigrv n,i,s,
1--WE hloWn that she would arouse fhe
The sun., 1914-09-27
Thinks War Necessary
to Limit Population
Correspondent Points Out That European Conflict Is Only
One of Natures Ways of Preventing World
From Being OyercrOwdcd.


no rifu EDITOR OF THE SrN--Sir: The
natural sentiment Of the human mind In
contemplating the devastation OF the
sword IN Europe is horror. It's incongru-
ity with our Vnurted civilization cannot
hut bring d.scourarcfn. ~ those think
crs who do not dcivc beneath the surface
OF things IT, causes, lts political aspects,
have called = D in their analysis tor
gent OF casuistry.
Turoprau ,.. ,.1ltlon'a organic disease
has been diagnosed - mcgomlnla, pan.
Gr,m1nia. Anglomauia and various forms
of racial phoh'". complicated with vel
tow NOslcm. slavic and other plaques.
T1c closet. Of Welt-pl!ltk have been ran
stcNed for skeletons. Muensterburs.
Wells. Ma,tr.iin,S, iiaUpt1a0H. Gals-
worthy. and no doubt : cnkiow'cz. when
we shHll hear from him. vision IN the
struggle tho dPOihcos.s of their own ra-
citl blood
I'u. 40, not uwcstricken humanitarlans
and selfish c1sutsts only skimming the
surface 0f things aud overlooking ma
tur,s ultimate purpose. therefore the
ucrcful purpose of the Divine lntclli-
gyuco In uI, SSiur mankind with war?
Stngulur adt.ttiVes. but truer in their
application than an the Hood ~ sophistry
thu. has been spilled from facile pens.
when In India the population increases
beyond thr ability OF the productivity OF
the soil TO support it bonencent Nature
as Kpling has expressed II. audts her
account with a big rcd pencil.
The phrasIng. but scarcely the idea, IL
Eirlngs Good old pr Malthus. when
hp raised a scientific hornets nest about
his ears with the earliest defence Of race
suicide in lT9S, laid down AZ the major
premise of his theory the proposition that
the population of the earth increases In
reom, lricH progression, while the pro-
ductVDN of the soil. and therefore the
p.fafh's tl.1Nft ifg children In
crels"s only lu o~lthmeticll ratio
Sir John ilers'hcl hnd a favorite way
~ illustrating the mind stupt fyifpg totals
OF the gcoWrricu progression based on
ratio OF 2. and thus. as he said white
wishing war r,-tllruce and famine 3"
When Maria Mitchell his great American
contemporary I'm astronomy was visiting
him nc profuulgot j this problem:
III "t the time OF Cheo1u. or 5000
wears 1ro. one pair of human beings had
lived. 1rd war. pest'l,nCr ana famine had
not existed. and only natural death came
20 man. and this pair mad doubled once In
thirty years, and their children had
doubled and 50 on, how large would the
population " the earth be at this time?
Could they an stand upon the surface Of
tho 'artn as plane
Miss Mitchell thought they might bv
crow Hing Miss Bella Hcrschcl was not
SO sure.
"pu' n they stood closely and others
stood ou thor .aou.l'rs man. woman ard
child now many layers would there be (.
how many feet VI men,? was asked
,iu'rS.- We're ha2afdcd that =, ,ichpd all
the way 20 the moon, but az each he
s1oo', hts leou.ne head. "Norc. more q"
DE cried
ITO Ncptuno.' v,ntured Miss ncrsch,L
"Now you burn he replied. "Tako a
hundred times the distance 20 Neptune
and II is very near"
For the hcpci' Of tho non-lytronomlcal