davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1914-07-09
Trips Into
Fashion Land.
SIMPLE EVENING GOWNS.

0
Very modish is the evening bodice
which boasts long ruched sleeves OF
transparent stun such as mousseline
&c sole or silk gauze. Years ago
sarah Bernhard made such sleeves
as these fashionable, and since those
days we have had them with us on
and of.
These sleeves are cut in kimono
form and they are wide at the arm.
hole;then they are slightly shaped
to the arm and ruched right down to
the wrists, q curved cuff or pleated
fill falling over the hands.
In silk Wolfe a cross-over c0rsage
with such sleeves as these is a de-
lightful possession, and the ruched
material has more than one admirable
quality; 1t makes a thin arm LOOK
plump and a red arm look white.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1914-07-09

A very pretty wedding was solem.
nized at the home of the brides
mother, Mrs. w. C. Perry of Surrey,
when Miss Fora Perry became the
bride of William Logan, a prosper
u farmer of Antler, N. D. The
bride and groom, attended by the for
mer's brother, Grant, and sister, VIC
la, took their places beneath the
beautiful arch of fragrant vines and
wild roses Rev. Thos. Johnston, Of
Antler, performed the ceremony. The
happy couple left Wednesday noon
for Antler, where they expect to
make their home after a short visit
with relatives at Bottineau and other
points.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1914-07-09
State Weddings
sMlTH.LlNpeREN

A very pretty wedding occurred at
the home of A. G. Smith in Swede
township, at which time Miss Hal.
fred Smith and Oscar Anthony Lind
gren were upnited in marriage.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1914-07-09

~ W4SSsaS8
to express my graft
tude to you. ] nm
only 16years old and
work b . tobacco
factory. ] have
been . very sick girl
but I have improved
wonderfully since
taking Lydia E.
Pinkham's Vegeta-
bic Compound and
am n0w l0Okinp fine
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1914-07-09
ApAMs.SWANsON

Myrtle Adams, son of Mrs. Frank
Lewis, was married at Moorhead,
MIMI, to Miss Mary Swanson of Rug
by, N. D. The bridegroom has grown
up Crazy and Is making q success.
being at present assisting cashier of
the state bank at Alexander, N. y, n.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1914-07-09
lHoLT.JoHNsoN

"A college romance of two Univer-
sity Of North Dakota graduates cul-
minated in the marriage of Mabel G..
Holt, daughter of I-r. and Mrs. A. b.
Holt, Of Blab0n. N. D, and Gilbert l.
johnson, of Williston, N. D., in the
home of the brides parents. Rev. =.
C. Tollefson read the service before
an altar of ferns and peonies erected
In the living room.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1914-07-09
viii MEET

The Norwegian Lutheran Ladies'
Aid will meet at Mrs. C. l.. Vigness,
IA W.. Thayer street, at 3 o'clock
Thursday, the 9th.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1914-07-09
FoR SALE

We offer until sold, fresh picked
white currants at II IL cents per
quart, and red currants at Is cents
per quart. Phone Wills Seed Store,
No, 1853.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1914-07-09
Moral Difficulty.

II am afraid baseball is a bad
game" said grandmother severely.
Here, I've been reading about a play.
or who was, found out to be a thief"
why, grandma" cried her .'fan"'
grandson, what do you mean by
that? Nobody in that team you was
reading about a thief"
".his one u.s." asserted %grandmOtll.
er stoutly. The paper says they
caught him stealing bases, whatever
they are"
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1914-07-09
BOYS 4

Next Saturday, July 18th is bays
market day when the winner Of the
Gopher Tail contest will be given a
fine rifle. A number of the stores
will have extra bargains to interest
shoppers in the capitol city.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1914-07-09

KODAK WORK Done Promptly.
II anxious for best results send r
your films. Mail orders solicited.
AOlMBOE PHOTO STUDIO.
BISMARCK, N. D.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1914-07-09
The UNDERGRADUATES.

.J..alN.4. I ~ w
Der hill and dale, on ''Indian trail
The "Wanderlusters" roam,
BY leafy nook or puring brook.
Meath heavens azure dome.
They wend their way thro' forest
glade,
And learn the nomenclature,
OF all the wondrons things there made
BY dear old Mother Nature.
They to hike upon the pike;
So through the woods they toll.
And follow in the footsteps Of
"Chief Wanderluster" Boyle:
~
They know the habits of each tree;
Each bird or bug or flower,
And, like the busy h%oney-bee,
Improve each hiking" hour.
All hail! to you, my unknown friends;
! must needs ST. y at home,
Though in spirit l am with you
Wherever you may roam.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1914-07-09
NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS.

Miss Anna Kottenbruck, eldest
daughter of Mr.. and Mrs. VIM. Kot-
tenbruck and Simon Geitzen, of Glen
Ullin, a son of Mr.. and Mrs. P. J.
Geitzen, were married at st. Clemens
Catholic church, Haymarsh, the cere-
mOny being performed by Rev. Faith
or Moritz.
The wedding of Miss Katherine S.
Huber and Elmer B. Cornell was SOL
emnized at Lacrosse, Wis, Rev. DR..
Jones performing the ceremony. The
bride was attended by her sister,
Marie Huber, the bridegroom by Rob-
ert Andrews. Immediately after the
ceremony the bridal party went to
the brides home where a wedding
breakfast was served. They will
make their home in Uunseith.
BEsT-PEARsoN WEDDING At EN-.
OERLlN.
The following account of a wedding
at Enderlin, in which the Misses Mar
jorie, Roberta and Edna Best, daugn-
ters Of Mr.. and Mrs. II. l.. Best, took
part, will be of interest to their many
friends:
One Of the prettiest weddings Of
the season occurred last Saturday
evening, when Miss Helen Best be-
came the bride of Mr.. Ernest Pear
son Of this city.
The wedding took place at 6 o'clock
at the home of the brides parents,
Mr.. and Mrs. C. T.. Fest, on Fifth
avenue. The house was beautifully
decorated with roses, carnations and
peonies, a color scheme of pink, green
and white being carried out. The al
tar was formed of woodbine and
white peonies.
Immediately preceding the cere-
mony Miss Isabelle Walsh sang, BE
cause l Love You,'' accompanied by
Miss Ruby B%urtness.
The "Bridal Chorus from Lohen-
grin was used as a professional, play
ed by Miss Roberta l.. Best, violinist,
accompanied by Miss Marjorie Best.
The bride entered with her father.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1914-07-09

"What r you cheering for?" "He
stole second base" How can you
accuse him of such a thing? 1t is
still there -DetrOit Free Press.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1914-07-09

"Oh, yes. That's the money you put
up and l0se."-Boston Transcript.
First M. D.-"Greatman has appen-
dicitis." Second NJ. D.-"Any compli-
cations?" rirst nc. Dyes, one
member Of fthe family is a Christian
Scientist .".A.Life.
"You sometimes disagree with these
scientific %experts?" "NOt at ALL" re-
piled the serene egoist. "Notwith-
standing the fact that l have thought
a matter out to a sound conclusion,
they frequently insist on d~isagreeing
with me."-Washington Star.
"But she says she hts never given
you any announcement" "Did she say
that?" "She certainly did" "She told
me that her uncle was going to leave
her a fortune and that he had one foot
in the grave. If that is not encour
agement I'd like TO know what you
call it."-Houston Post.
Hostess Ito young fiancee)-"And
so you are really going to he married
next month, my dear. Well, l think
your future husband seems a charm
ing man. Ely the by, what does he
d0?" Observation-Disclosures know
I really haven't had time to ask him;
but expect papa could tell you, ii
you particularly want to know" -
Punch.
The new clergyman was sent for by
an elderly lady. oh" she said" Il
hope you will excuse my asking you to
call, but when l heard you preach and
pray last Sunday you did so reminu
me Of my poor brother, who was took
from me, that l felt / must speak with
you" "And how long ago did your
poor brother dic?" asked the clergy.
man, alphabetically. ooh, sir, he
isn't dead" was the reply; "he was
took to the NATURALIZATION Tran.
script.
Getting BY.
"The Declaration of Independence
is a noble and inspiring work of liter
ature!" exclaimed the enthusiastic
patriot.
YES" commented the disconnected
author. 1T is a very creditaiole piece
of writing. But you must admit that
Jefferson was at an advantage in sub
hitting it to a Continental Congress
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1914-07-09

He-"You understand what a mar
gin in stocks is, don't your" SHE
ooh, yes. That's the money you put
up and lose."-BOston Transcript.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1914-07-09
SIXTEEN,
GIRL YER! SICK
Tells How She Was Made
Well byLydiaE E. Pinlkham's
Vegetable Compound.

New Orleans. Lar take pleasure
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1914-07-09

Newspaper Waits.
Skids-"It's not every one who can
stand prosperity" Skittles-"Particu,
larly If it's some one else's.'-Judge.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1914-07-09

First IN. D.-"Greatman has appen-
dicitis." Second NJ. D.-"Any compli-
%cations? FIRST Nc. Dyes, one
member Of fthe family is a Christian
Scientist ."4s.Life.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1914-07-09

than a cup OF milk and 4 thin slice 0f
bread and butter, given at shout 4 4
O.. m. nv
Dinner, either OF the following:
Minced beef or poultry with we'll
cooked vegetables or lightly boiled
fish, followed by some boiled pudding
or stewed fruits with junket.
The Hattiesburg news. (Hattiesburg, Miss.) 1908-1917, 1914-10-29

2 There Is more Catarrh In this section of the
ountry than all other diseases put together, and
tntil the last few years was supposed to be
tacurable. For great many years doctors
Pronounced 1t a local disease and prescribed local
emedies. and by constantly falling to cure with
ocal treatment, pronounced 1t incurable. Science
las proven Catarrh to be a constitutional disease
md therefore requires constitutional treatment.
Halls Catarrh Cure, manufactured by F. J..
:heney Co., Toledo. Ohio, is the only Constitu-
fonal cure on the market. 1t Is taken internally
"a doses from 10 drops to a teaspoonful. 1t acts
directly on the blood and mucous surfaces of
the system. They offer one hundred dollars for
any case It fails to cure Send for circulars and
testimonials.
Address: F. J. CHENEY CO.. Toledo. Ohio.
Sold by Druggists, TIC.
Take Halls Family Pills for constipation.
The Hattiesburg news. (Hattiesburg, Miss.) 1908-1917, 1914-10-29
LlE HAVE NO GUN
To- MATCH GERMANS
ELEvENLNcH HowTzER THROWS
SHELL WEIGHING $50
POUNDS.
(By John Snure.A

Neither England nor France nor anv
other of the leading military nations,
SO far as is known in Washin atom, has
anything in the way of siege gun
which approaches the German eleven.
inch howitzer, by means of which Ant.
werp was reduced. The United States
has no such siege weapon. though
American ordnance officers hitherto
have felt they were keeping abreast OF
artillery developments in other coun-
tries.
The hest information here is that if
the allies are called on later in the
war to lay siege to Antwerp or any Of
the German strongho,ds the largest
siege gun they can bring 10 bear will
be the siX-inch howitzer This is of
the same caliber as the largest siege
gun adopted in the American army.
so far as Antwerp is concerned. the
forts are now much weakened, and the
allies might be able to retake them
with six-inch guns.
All over the world, in military cir
cles, the eleven-inch howitzer of the
Germans has aroused intense interest.
Scientists are giving them close atten-
ton. Military men in Washington are
devouring every scrap of information
they can find about them. The new
krupp gun, which numbers Liege, Ma
muir, and Antwerp among it's victims.
Is described as a cross between a rined
cannon and a mortar. 1t is shorter
than cannon, but somewhat longer
than mortar.
To speak technically it is ten cal
bers long or ten times as long as the
diameter of the proiectile. The ordi-
nary siege gun is longer in proportion
than this, and the ordinary mortar is !
shorter in proportion
Shell Weighs $50 Pounds.
The l1-inch howitzer fires a proieo-
tile which weighs $50 pounds. This is
six and half times as heavy as the |
proJectile of the 6-inch siege gun.
which weighs but 100 pounds. The
weight diminishes rapidly with the
lessening of the diameter. Thus the
projectile from the American 4.7-inch
siege gun weighs sixty pounds. These
smaller projectiles themselves do ter
rife damage against Notifications and
buildings, but nothing like that done
by the 11-inch howitzers.
Should the allies lay siege to Ant.
werp, they would doubtless use not
only their regular siege guns, but
would also bring up some of their pow
srful naval guns. The obstacle in the
way is their transportation, but this
could be overcome. 1t would
hardly be feasible, however, to take
laval guns far inland. unless perfect
abroad facilities were provided. Thus,
the allies reach a point in the cam
Align where they seek to batter down
orts along the German frontier they
would find it difficult to transport their
avail guns so far from the vessels.
TIaoro Ia Cafor In 90
The Hattiesburg news. (Hattiesburg, Miss.) 1908-1917, 1914-10-29
Located at Currie

on the G. Il. &S R. R. one mile
north of Brooklyn and nineteen
miles south of Hattiesburg.
Post office is BROOKLYN.
Hopkinsville Kentuckian. [volume] (Hopkinsville, Ky.) 1889-1918, 1914-12-12
Forest Notes.

The timber industry represents 81
per cent of the annual production Of
weelth in British Columbia.
Boxmakers in the United States
use more than four and half billion
board feet of lumber each year or
more than one.tenth of the entire
lumber cut of the country.
OF two mi lion sheep annually
grszed in the state of Utah. more
tlan a million are on the national
forests. or including lambs which are
fattenirg for market on the forest
ranges. over a million and three
quarters.
In addition to his own fire detec.
ton system. the supervisor of the
Palisade national forest. Idaho, was
notified of each fire from five to ten
Hopkinsville Kentuckian. [volume] (Hopkinsville, Ky.) 1889-1918, 1914-12-12
NORTH CHRISTIAN.

Dogwood, Ky.-A good many
farmers have finished gathering corn
in this neighborhood and the yield
was light, owing to the dry weather
last summer. There is considerable
complaint about rotten corn and
black smut. There never was SC
much black smut before.
We have had a good rain and the
farmers are having a good tobacco
season, for which they are very
thankful, as this is the first season
since the tobacco was cured. The
crop is better in every respect than
usual. 1t has a better color and is
much larger and of much finer tex
ture.
A two weeks meeting closed at
Pleasant Hill Baptist Church the
18th of Nov. with 81 confessions and
several backsliders restored. Bro.
I. T. Powell, the pastor, was assist
ed by the Rev. Gill, of Greenville
who did the preaching. Revs. Good
on. P. A. Thomas, Clark and L. l..
Spurlin also helped.
Rev. H. d. Moore filled his regu.
lar appointment at Ford's Chapel
Sunday. He ordained deacons and
elders by laying on hands.
Uncle Babe Barnes. of Fruit Hill,
is on the sick list. He is suffering
with a complication of diseases incl
dental to old age. being SO or "a
years old.
Mrs. Lou Marques is moving to
ex-sheriff ]. j. Barnes farm to make
crop next year.
Mr.. w. R. West has sold his farm
to Mr.. Wade. The consideration was
$1,000. Mr.. West purchased the
Reynolds barn near Fruit Hill. He
will move to it soon to live.
SENRAB.
Hopkinsville Kentuckian. [volume] (Hopkinsville, Ky.) 1889-1918, 1914-12-12

local settlers, who thus showed their
cooperation in working for fire sup
preston.
The Uinta mountains of Utah. in
cluded within the Wasatch. Uinta,
Ashley national forests. should
become a favo tie recreation region,
because of the many small lakes
within depressions scooped out by
glacial drifts. Seventy such lakes
can be counted from Reds peak.
and one particular township. Sc miles
square. contains more than a hum
dred.
Hopkinsville Kentuckian. [volume] (Hopkinsville, Ky.) 1889-1918, 1914-12-12
Hopkinsville Man Rejected.

Evansville. Ind, Dec. ia toe
that had been crushed by moving
machine running over it caused the
rejection of Omar Brooks. % years
old, of Sacramento. KY. at the local
United States naval recruiting sta
ton. Robert Walker. % years old.
also Of Sacramento. was rejected be-
cause Of throat trouble. Flat feet
control the price Of bread.
Hopkinsville Kentuckian. [volume] (Hopkinsville, Ky.) 1889-1918, 1914-12-12
lKehoe Eschews Politics.

Maysville, KY. Dec. 1.-THE Hon.
James N. Kehoe. Of this city. who
has been mentioned as a probable
candidate for Lieutenant Governor
on the Democratic ticket. says he
mas not been. is not now and posi-
lively will not under any circum-
stances. become a candidate for that
machine guns and hun, business
..ary description.
Hopkinsville Kentuckian. [volume] (Hopkinsville, Ky.) 1889-1918, 1914-12-12
Young Locates At Whitesburg

Whitesburg, KY, Dec. 11.-Judge
Allie W. Young, of Morehead. has
located in Whitesburg with officesin
the new First National Bank build
ing on Main street. He is the attor-
ney for the Consolidated Coal Com
pany. Associated with him will be
Judge Deering, of Louisville.
Hopkinsville Kentuckian. [volume] (Hopkinsville, Ky.) 1889-1918, 1914-12-12
Earl Is Killed.

Earl ADnesley and his companion,
Lieut.. Bsevor. who disappeared last
month after starting on an aeroplane
flight TO the continent. have both
been killed by Germans. Countess
Annesley Sas notified that the men
we're shot on Nov. 5 while flying over
Ostend.
Francis Anne STAY. sixth earl of An
nesley. was torn in 1884. The an
cestral home Of the Annesleys are at
Castlewellan and F1nald Lo ige. in
the County Down, Ireland. The earl
had no children, Wal er Beresford
Annesley, a cousin. will succe d to
the earldom.
Hopkinsville Kentuckian. [volume] (Hopkinsville, Ky.) 1889-1918, 1914-12-12
Meeting of D. A. R.

Col. John Green Chapter D. A. R..
will meet at the Public Library next
Monday afternoon at o'clock.
Hopkinsville Kentuckian. [volume] (Hopkinsville, Ky.) 1889-1918, 1914-12-12

William Billstein, of Superior,
Wis, has dog with wooden leg.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1914-10-09
RESOLUTION NO. 8.
Offered by Sup. Fred Meloy

- = - NM
Resolved by the county board of
supervisors OF Villas county that there
is hereby appropriated the sum of tif-
Teen thousand dollars as the share of
Villas county in the Villas county state
and highway fund and there is hereby
levied upon all ofthe taxable property
OF Villas county the said sum Of fifteen
thousand dollars to constitute a fund
10 be known as The State Aid High
way Fund" which fund Shall be ex-
pended according to the provisions Of
section l3l7m-1 to 13l7m-24 inclusive
and
Be it further resolved, that of said
sum OF fifteen thousand dollars the
sum OF $250U.00 shall be expended on
the Eagle River to Woodruff road; the
sum OF $2500 90 shall be expended on
the Woodruff to Winchester road be-
tween the point where said road leaves
the Woodruff to Boulder Junction
road and the north end of said Wood
rnf to Winchester road; the sum of
$2500.0O shall be expended on the
Woodruff to Boulder junction road {;
the sum of $2500.00 shall be expended
on the Plum Lake road; the sum OF
$1,000 90 shall be expended on the
Smoky lake road; and the sum OF
100000 shall be expended on the
Eagle River to State Line road, and
Be it further resolved, that al mon
eys received from the state as state
highway aid pursuant to this resolu-
ton shall be distributed between each
OF the above described road in equal
proportion and be expended on each
Of sucH roads together with the sums
above set orth.
Dated this 23rd day of Sept. 1914.
Signed: Fred Meloy,
Supervisor.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1914-10-09
GUNDERSON'S COLUMN

Next week full report of the result
of the fertilizer experiments on the
farms of Amos Radcliffe and Wa.
Adams will be given. Mr.. Radclilfe's
potatoes were dug last Saturday and
those of Mr.. Adams are being dug.
now. -
Negotiations are in progress to
start the Creamery. This will prove
an enormous stimulus TO the dairy
business around here. A great many
farmers are ready to buy more COWS
as soon as q local market is provided
for cream.
At the Monheim School House was
held the regular meeting of the
Grange on Sunday and in connection
the farmers held an exhibit of pro-
ducts. 1t Was sight To behold. Po-
tatoes, garden vegetables and corn
galore were shown. Mr.. Carlson ex-
hibited a pumpkin that weighed "A
pounds! Mr.. Lundberg showed two
ruta-bagas, one Ia pounds and the
other Is pounds. Ripe flint corn and
ripe dent corn was shown. Mr.. Den
ton, Mr. Hanson and Mr. Sanbeck
and several others had fine exhibits.
The meeting was interesting thru
out. / he ladies served lunch and
coffee which did much to promote
the social side of the meeting. BY
the way, Conoyer has a wide awake
social lot OF farmers. Watch them
progress.
A trip to Arbor Vitae and Wood
ruff the first of the week resulted in
lots of milk testing and incidentally
added pure bred Guernsey bull to
the list of Villas Co.'S. stock. Who is
next?
We CAN and MUST make good show
ing at the Potato Exhibit at Grand
Rapids Nov. is : 20. save half bus
bel Of your best potatoes. Pick pota-
toes true to type and get every one
ALIKE if possible. Dry them thor
ughly, dust with a soft brush and do
not bruise. We will collect them and
furnish the boxes. We have some
of the finest potatoes in the state
and must let people know they are
here.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1914-10-09

car G'lnderson is hereby directed to
procure vouchers for each and every
item of expense incurred and to APP
pear before the first meeting Of this
board h, Id after such association
meeting and make report of his action
and produce The said vouchers togeth-
er with any moneys remaining in his
bands.
Dated this 23rd day of Sept. 1911.
Signed: Peter Sandbeck,
Supervisor.
On motion Resolution No. l was ac-
cepted and adopted, all members vot-
ing aye.
Resolution No. 2 was then present.
ed and read.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1914-10-09
RESOLUTION NO. 2.
Offered by Sup. c. A. Ben

Oh0lVu ny Oup. -. "A. BENT.
Resolved by the county board Of
supervisors that the County Highway
commissioner and the Committee on
Highways and Bridges be and they
are hereby authorized and directed to
cause to be made survey and reIoca-
tion of the Eagle River to State Line
road between he village of Conover
on the south and the point at or near
the one-eighth post in the center of
the mort beast quarter of section four
teen CID in township forty-t 70 (42)
north It range ten Coy east as now
laid out and partially constructed.
Dated this 23rd day of Sept. 1914.
Signed: Chas. A. Bent.
) pervisor.
On motion Resolution No. 2 was ac-
G pied and Adopted, all members vot-
ing aye.
Resolution No. was then present
ed and read.