davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1914-02-20
ROADS AND LIVING COST.

Cost Of Haslins Big Factor In Expense
Of Farm Products 10 Consumer.
Until very recently the vast majori.
" Of people failed to understand that
the good road is not a mere country
dweller's convenience Or the means to
motorists pleasure. but that 1t Is an
actual economic necessity. That 1t
costs the farmers Of this country more
for q ten mile haul Of produce from
farm to town than 1t does to ship that
produce from New York to London 70
a fact. That It costs farmers abroad
from one-half to one-tenth as much to
haul q ton q mile on q road no It does
the farmers Of this country is another
fact. "a,
That practically every pound OF flesh
and bushei Of wheat we consume must
travel over a read at least once aud
sometimes twice before We eat It 10 Z
third fact. The three are the nswer
to one part Of the question. "Why does
It cost % much 70 nve2" Some one
has to pay for tie expensive hauling.
Some n has to pay Tor the deprecia-
ton In the value 81 the horses and '
hicies caused By peer roads. Some
one has to pay for. The extra time It
takes TO haul cott0n 70 market when
two mules are requiFsa % haul two
bales ten miles 10 one dag. when on q
good road the same two aSses could
haul twenty-tour tales q the same
time With the zane e6Oft-&ahurhan
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1914-02-20
ROAD BUILDING
A SCHOOL STUDY
Plans Of an Oregon District
Supervisor.
A PRIZE COMPETITION.

An interesting Experiment Making
Road Building a Course Of Study In
Rural Schools 10 to 30 Made In Lane
County, Ore.
Road building as q course of study
in rural schools is to be tried in a dis
trict Of Lane county. Ore. and a wo-
man is to direct the work. The idea
was conceived by Miss Goldie Van
Biber. the district school supervisor.
says a recent report.
Actual road building is the labora.
tory work which will accompany this
course. The children Of each school
will build and maintain q strip of coun-
try road near the school building. The
school whose road stands and is found
in the best condition when winter
comes will be the winner of a contest
for which two silver cups have been
offered as prizes.
II was afraid that the county court
might not allow me to experiment ON
the roads. but 1t has even authorized
the supervisors to furnish rock or
gravel, handle powder and do the
work. that children could not do alone"
said Miss Van Biber.
The county court saw in the scheme
Of Miss Van Biber a plan to establish
the fundamentals Of good road build
ing In q new generation and at the
same time interest the present genera
ton in the principles Of drainage and
highway construction. which the chill
dren learn at school. 1t has entered
into the plan with enthusiasm.
Miss Van Biber has jurisdiction over
700 square miles. extending into Lin.
coin. Lane and Douglas counties. All
the year. by horseback. boat or on foot.
she travels over the rough mountain
highways and up along the small riv-
ers. She introduced mapual training
in the Siuslaw schools. and exhibits Of
handicraft. sewing. carpentry and bead.
work from Florence took first prizes
at the county fair. ahead of the Eugene
and advanced Valley schools. She In
stalled the industrial work and put it
under proper supervision. Road build
ing ia her next step.
Speaking Of her plan. she said:
'aThis Is no scheme to work children
on the roads. They will care for only
100 yards, and not necessarily that
much. II the district road Is difficult.
The road building is not to be taught
by the teachers. because the average
teacher ia not qualified to teach road
building.
I'VE shalt organize a good roads club
in each school. We shall give the
scholars credit for the hour or more a
week that they spend ON the roads.
Those who undertake the road work.
which will be purely optional. will be
excused from studying the road chap
ter In the agricultural manual. The
whole plan is to arouse interest in
roads and give adequate instruction.
and the already overworked teachers
will not be burdened with this addi-
tonal work.
"Of course all districts will not be
able to participate. because many
schools are built ON trails. They have
no roads on which to work. Possibly
these districts can compete for the
prizSstB laying out and actually build,
ing apiece OF road past their school"
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1914-02-20

years. Only once during this period
has this ruad been worked with any
thing but the drag. Two years ago the
side bitches were cleaned with the
common read grader.
A careful record Of the time taken to
keep this road dragged has been kept.
and for the drst live years It runs as
follows: s.
Two trips for one man and one
team requiring one hours time for one
dragging as the basis taken. The first
year We dragged It fifteen times. the
second thirteen. the third seventeen.
the fourth twelve and the fifth four
teen times. or se%venty-one draggings Of
one hours time during i've years.
This at 30 cents an hour for man and
team q $4.e6 q year for the half mile.
For q mile It would be 1852 annual
cost Of maintenance. Another road In
the immediate vicinity cost less than
SO. per mile Annually. The soil Il not
quite % heavy % Red river soil. but
the rainfall IL q little more than thirty
inches. a case 10 acted IN Public
Roads Bulletin e.. United States de-
partment Of agriculture. where the
cost OF similar n~aai1tenance 0f roads
In Arkansas was tll PEI mile. Stats
EngineeF GeFhart Of Kansns puts the
range OF cost for dragging ct from -
TO SO.
The cost Tor North Dakota should
noetbs over 80 per mile. while IN most
cases. it9would BE- much tess. the Cost
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1914-02-20

"PoRk BARREL" ROAD BUILD.
ING.

When enthusiastic advocates
Of good roads from all parts Of
the country meet In convention
It is inevitable that a number Of
Ill considered plans should be
proposed. plans that would do
far more harm than good to the
cause.
One Of these is the proposition
that the federal government
should vote an indefinite number
Of millions for the work and
place the money in the hands of
the local authorities. That SIM
ply means dividing it among the
constituencies that have return.
ed congressman with u pull. It
ia the old rivers and harbors
plan. which has wasted more
millions Of public money than
would suffice to build a road
from Detroit to New Orleans
and keep it in repair for twenty
years. not to speak Of laying
out a grassy boulevard strip and
a footwalk on either side Of it.
This money has been deliberate
~ shoveled into little harbors
that were never heard Of before
and that which never sheltered
anything bigger than a tug or
a fishing boat-Better Roads.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1914-02-20
David Livingstone.

David Livingstone will always rank
among the most illustrious Of the AZ
rican explorers. He was a reai path
finder and civilizer as well as q most
devoted Christian and philanthrOpist.
Upon his large and lasting fame there
seems Il be not a single blot From
the spot in Africa where he died. near
ChitambOs. village. on the Malilan0.
Livfngstone's body was In 1874 taken
to England and deposited with high
honors In Westminster abbey. the gov
eminent bearing all the expenses Of
the elaborate funeral. -: .
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1914-02-20
Good Form, In Posing.

49," SSOS ~ S8SSSs
Have you ever sat in a restaurant
and looked around at the various Ia
bles occupied by pretty women and
then dropped your eyes to the floor
aud srrutinized the position of their
feet? What Il shock awaits you, for
the average woman assumes the most
~grotesque Of positions when she sits
herself down in 4 chair-or, rather,
her feet take on the weirdest attitudes
that any one could imagine. For in
stance. she may be sitting correctly
from the waist u~pward-the acme Of
grace as far as the upper part Of her
body is cOncerned-but her feet e
twisted aud curled around the legs Of
the chair in a way that suggests a
c0ntOrtionist. or IL this is not the case
perhaps she has placed her pedal ex-
tremities on the Aoor with the toes
turned in until one suspects her. Of be-
ing pigeon toed-
Why is 1t that SO few women q
make their feet behave? And why
do the many vino walk with the great.
est amount OF grace lose oil their
charm the minute they sink into a
chair? The correct sitting position IL
not difficult, and any woman a learn
to assume It with a little care and prac.
tice.
When sitting down, whether at a
restaurant table, In an easy chair q
In a public place, do not forget that
the feet should be placed squarely o.
the door, the heels touching or very
nearly touching, the knees not too fnr
apart. This position IL just az com
Portable az any OF the srotesque. 4tt-
assumed when crossing the
knees curling the feet around the
.rungs Of the chair or any Of the hun.
dred and one other ungraceful modes
Of sitting indulged in by 80 very many
women. a ass
How often have you seen a pretty
girl destroy MI her grace and charm
hy slouchinR down into a chair! She
was quite unconscious OF the impress
sion she was creating. and only care.
lessness wns responsible for this awk-
warn pose. And yet many girls are
inst Ms ~csreless and Just as awkward.
ana willfully destroy all their repnta-
don Tor grace. n
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1914-02-20
DENY MYSTERY N
PRELATE'S DEATH
Vatican Says Cardinals Body
viii Not Be Exhumed
JEWEL CASE RECOVERED

lnveStbOa1ion SSaStoo ~ ~
lice to Discover Why Physieians
Warning Of Serious illness Of cardt~
nal Was Not Needed by His Psrson&
Servant.
Rome. -I}umors that the authorities
had ordered the exhumation OF the
body of Cardinal RampoIla on the dis
covery Of suspicious circumstances re
garding his last illness were set At
rest by the emphatic declaration OF the
Vatican that nothing of the kind was
thought Of and the assertion OF the po-
lice that an exhumntion was unlikely
unless suspicious Of poisoning
corroborated by sufficient evidence.
The rumor was started by the news
paper Messagero. which announced
that the search for the cardinals last
will. which is believed to have beer
stolen, had revealed that his death
was not due t natural causes. The
cardinals valet added to the mystery
by saying that the physician who was
called on the morning Of Dec. IL. the
day on which Cardinal Rampolla died,
warned him seven hours before his
death of the serious nature Of the ill.,
ness, but the valet neglected to inform
the Vatican or the family OF the car
dinal.
This physician. who was called again
later, but did not arrive before the
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1914-02-20
Good
form
The Dinner Hostess.

1t is imperative that the dinner
hostess be ready and unrufied by
haste, Il little ahead Of the time set
for her guests to arrive. If civility
counts ut all, ones guests are usually
on time. 1t is proper to wait a few
moments for the late corners The
rule laid down by a clever hostess in
London some years ago was: ITO
wait dinner five minutes for an earl
and countess, ten minutes for Il duke
and duchess and fifteen minutes for
the Prince and Princess Of Wales.
The King is never late" Which proves
the great of the earth are punctual in
Keeping their engagements.
1t is not kind nOr proper to spoil a
good dinner for many guests because
Of the late arrivals Of the few. 1t is
proper to announce dinner five min
utes after the arrival of the last guest
unless we adopt the American fash
ion of having cocktails served in the
drawing room before dinner. Then
dinner is announced five minutes after
that little ceremony is over. The con-
servative part OF the world of fashion
follow the foreign idea and omit the
cocktail. The wines are usually very
simple-a good white wine and cham
payne with the dessert and fruit. The
men liMger over the wines and nuts
a very. short time today.
The table linen may he as elaborate
rs the pocketbook permits. Yet the
dictates of good form point to the less
trimmed cloth, a fine damask or linen
hemstitched with napkins to match.
The napkins are large and square, with
the initials embroidered in the center.
and folded in three parts.
The decorations in glass and silver
are less ostentatious. The glassware
is now Of rock crystal and the tumbler
for water-cooled, not iced-has a tall,
slender stem, the wine glasses and
champagne glass the same shape in
miniature.
The display of knives and forks is re-
duced to a mere nothing today. The
old time bewildering glitter was too
formidable-it spoiled our dinner by
suggesting too much for digestion's
sake"
The number of plates is also reduced.
4 guest should never be without 81
plate before him. 1.-The little aperitif'
is on a small plate resting in a larger
one, and when removed a dinner plate
is at once placed in front Of the guest
and removed as the plate. upon which
the soup plate rests is put before the
guest. Another plate is substituted for
the entire course in the same way. 1t
is very simple, and the only rule is
there should not be a vacant place in
front of the guest. A plate should al
ways be there.
A little block of bread or petit pain
is put by the napkin to be used as a
convenience in managing wilful tidbits
which evade the fork, with q gentle but
decided coercion.
Finger bowls Of rock crystal, with a
little plate to match, and a pretty lace
dolly under the bowl are brought in
with the dessert plates at a home din
ner. and with the plates for fruits and
bonbons ut a more formal affair. The
water in the bowls should be warmed
just enough to take the chill of, and Il
bit of lemon should be added to the
water. which should cover the first
joint of the fingers.
|Fz'-a --4.-J- ." - F -s
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1914-02-20
1850 Acrse IN Potatoes.

Caldwell. lda.-As a result Of tie
phenomenal success Of ]. b. Frye, I
Deer Platt settler under the Fayette.
Boise project. In raising potatoes. there
Will probably be some 1900 acres ct.
ont to tubers In this vicinity next sea.
con. Mr.. Frye this year made e4.60nl
OF 4 fifteen acre patch. gathering D!OGO
bushels. and rot an average price IL 70
cents per bushel. sss sE
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1914-02-20
ARCHBISHOP SCORES TANGO.
Mgr. cheiIet Calls t. Powerful Dis
solvent Of Frsnch Morality.

0JvonS OF TTOuOU W0TotsIys
Paris.-Mgr. Chollet. archbishop df
cambrai. has published a. d~enunciatiop
Of the tango az a corrupter Of morals
and asks Christian, families to bar It
from their homes. In bis letter the
archbishop says:
The tango performed according 10
its special rules 10 q. dance, profoundly
dangerous to morals. II tends BY IN
~inconceivabie infatuat1on to spread
more and more" Z. =
After calling faithful, members Of
the church to exclude this dance from
their homes. Mgr. Chollet asks the
clergy to combat I'm an energetic man.
ner zone Of. tho most: powerful dis.
solvent. Of French morality"
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1914-02-20
COST OF DRAGGING ROADS.

c. e. Chase Of North Dakota Aarieui-
tvral College Gives Estimates.
At the home farm in southeastern
Nebraska. writes Professor Chase.
there is q stretch of road a half mile in
length that we have dragged for seven
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1914-02-20
Two Views.

what I want to see." said the re.
former. els a city that Knows absolute
~ nothing Of graft"
That's just what I'd like to see.' re-
piled the ward politician. ''Wouldn't
It be q gold mine for the right por.
observation-disclosures Star.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1914-02-20
Quits . Word.

What word 10 there In the English
language the FIRST two letters Of which
signify q male. the jrst three Q female.
the 6rst four q great man. and the
whole . great woman1 aeroipA
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1914-02-20
unlin.

The upiift.
u believe III 20 In Tor the uptift
Everybody ought to 60 In for the up
IN, don't you thjnkr'
= spose 70. What ONCE do you
;want?s-Ptttsburgb Post
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1914-02-20
Had Form.

Begsar-K1nd OR. I'm hungry. Chos.
y Van Wolet-But you ceFtainiy
cawn't be intending to dine ct this
time Of the evening IN those clotbesl-
Yonkers Statesman.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1914-02-20
7oeneraI Ned

General Need.
by the way. old chap. need . little
money.
.You rlay consider yourself for.
tuDate need Q whole lot - Boston
Transcript.
The Snowflake herald., 1914-08-15
BRANDS THEM "THE
ARIZONA HIGHWA YMAN''

Judge Geo. ]. Stoneman, a
democrat and also prominent at
torney of Phoenix, is out with a
statement in which he says-t that
Corporation Commissioners Paul
Geary and A. w. Cole are unfit
for office; that it IS useless for
any public service corporation to
present any evidence to them;
that they are notcriously biased
and unfair and that Geary signed
an order without full knowledge
of the law and when absent
from the state and without hav-
ing been present at the hearing
Of the case.
Continuing his statement, Mr..
Stoneman says:
With the exception of Mr..
Jones, who at least is able to
give some tangible reason for
being commissioner, the COM
mission as now constituted is
the highwayman of Arizona. 1t
levies it's tribute when n d
where it will and no business,
whether a public or private cor
poration, is safe from its depre-
dations. | do not mean to be
understood as saying that cor
porations do not need regulating,
because they do; but it is of the
highest Importance to the citl-
zens of this state such regulation
should be made by a commission
uninfuenced by politics, un-
swayed by prejudice, deaf to
public clamor, and who have the
ability to exercise the great
power given them by the con-
stitution to the end that legiti-
mate business by just regulation
may be encouraged instead of
throttled.
Il am very glad this evidence
of the unftness for office of
these two commissioners is to
be given the publicity it de-
serves
The Snowflake herald., 1914-08-15


DR.. A. E. Douglas, professor
of astronomy of the state uni
versity at Tucson, is planning for
a 26 inch telescope for that in
stitution. If approved end the
requisite appropriation secured
from the legislature, says dis
patch, Tucson would become a
mecca Of students of astronomy,
as that city is one of the best
places in the United States by
reason of the prevailing clear
nights.
The Snowflake herald., 1914-08-15

Approximately $206, 900, 900
was spent last year on public
roads in the United States, ac-
cording to statistics prepared by
the United States department of
agriculture. In nine years, there
fore, the increase has been over
250 per cent.
The Snowflake herald., 1914-08-15

The Board of Regents of the
University of Arizona has offered
the presidency of that institution
to DR.. R. B. Kleinsmid, head of
the department of education and
psychology in De PauW univer-
sity and former principal of the
preparatory department of that
institution.
The Snowflake herald., 1914-08-15
The Case of L. L. CantelOu

The case of L. L. Cantelou,
Clarendon, Texas, is similar to
that of many others who have
used Chamberlain's Collie, Chol-
era and Diarrhoea Remedy. He
says, After trying doctor for
several months. and using differ
ent kinds of medicine for my
wife who had been troubled
with severe bowel complaint for
several months, bought a 25c
bottle of Chamberlain's Collie,
Cholera and Diarrhoea Remedy.
After using the second bottle
she was entirely cured" For
sale by all dealers. ADV.
The Snowflake herald., 1914-08-15
To Whom 1t Mau Concern.

1t will be the earnest endeayor OF
THE HERALD never Intentionally to
wound the feelings of anyone. Should
an erroneous statement appear in the
columns of this paper, call our atten-
tion to it, and if an error, due correc-
ton will be made and ample justice
cheerfullY accorded.
The Snowflake herald., 1914-08-15
Nfw$Iz7a Views
cfom Che
CAPlTAsy 4RIZoNA
(Issued by Arizona
Issued by Arizona News Bureau)

Promptly upon receipt Of news from washington Woodrow
Wilson was dead Hunt on behalf Arizona
ordersd the offices at the
also sent oy tue ~
and
In Ruiz and clay
Phillips of Macop county
valid contracts This I'M
law but by the munpa cna
cities city is part OF ne SOW
ereign state and is an ancient rule cannot be
modifying this somewhat Inc
consent of its OFFICIALS put m
Judgment paid special appropriation or
been appealed 10 the
On the ground that the proposed create
legislation does not affect the state
whole passed the entire state Norman
Johnson county attorney at Phoenix
application Secretary OF state sidney
number and title of the measure on the Oa
temporary restraining of Miami county
fight passed on y the people
n
In spite of the war in Europe able to
bonds Denver house at par
completes a $685. issue voted a year ago.
big life insurance companies say that nr con
Germs will seriously 1t true that
killed battle but when ne
and other contingency that takes human NE
ample to
the European securities they own are sucn
decline
for the companies to reduce
theirdi
the spanishAmecan War Veterans and the
guards OF
trouble Mexican population.
will least nfty entries IN the Los
motorcycle than $500 will
The first prize will $500 cash and silver cup
supervisors and road supen
of and Macoa counties meet at aqua sep sep
all
| Arlington
justices would
within their Judge
ne VIII
Judge Hawkins for
| H. Lurton.
of
Smith,
irrigation cities and
reclamation projects AS the reclamation law
100 Cities
tentative
the bill permanent
| be entered into
1888 registered A
1888 divided
Cochse 8431
2235; Macopa 8701 Mo
1878; 1885, $685.
/ 1905.
the
the Yuma valley.
all alleys Phoenix
lessening fire
compelled
| their from place another
intends trout commercial in Skull valley
all the southwest This the
ente the kind in Arizona
The Snowflake herald., 1914-08-15

The greatest speed so far at
tanned in aviation is 118 miles an
hour, made by J, Veadriues at
Rheims, France, September 27,
1918. The greatest distance
travelled without a stop, 447
miles, was made G. Fourny, at
Buc, France, September 8, 1912,
and the greatest altitude reached
was II, ,878 feet, by G. Legagneux
over France, September II. 1912.
The Snowflake herald., 1914-08-15

A German scientist said twenty
four years ago: I'VE may rea-
sonably hope to make the fiber
of wood a source of human food. "
From the taste of some of these
breakfast foods that are dished
out to us nowadays his prophecy
was right.
The Snowflake herald., 1914-08-15

The Springerville correspond
ent of the st. Johns Herald says:
Some of tn men of Springer
vile are so darned Industrious
that if they were paid five dol
lars a foot for fallin' down we'll
they wouldn't earn a dollar a
dav"
The Snowflake herald., 1914-08-15

The people of Apache county
held an election last week to see
whether or not $125, 900 bonds
should be issued f or building
good roads. The bonds carried
overwhelmingly. Good roads
make travelling easy.
The Snowflake herald., 1914-08-15

Col. Rogers, editor of the Pres
cott Courier, is advocating,
through his paper, the re-establis-
ing of troops at Ft. Whipple,
near Prescott.
The Snowflake herald., 1914-08-15

Richmond Pearson Hobson, the
spectacular advocate of National
prohibition, is going to invade
Arizona to speak for the con-
stitutional amendment in this
state for prohibition.
The Snowflake herald., 1914-08-15

Marcia Ann Gavit of Albany,
N. Y, seven years old is the
richest young miss in the U. S.
She is worth $4,000, 900.
The Snowflake herald., 1914-08-15
A Paper for the Home Circle

Snowflake is town of 700 population
with over ! 800 surrounding population,
ranchers, farmers, stockralsers- IL Is
the home of Snowflake Stake Academy;
Just built at a cost of $30, 0OO. Ana
home office of Supervisor of Sitgreaves
National Forest, containing the largest
body of standing pine timber IN the
United States.
The Snowflake herald., 1914-08-15

A report comes from London
that England has supplies. pro-
visions, etc., to last her for five
months and, then, what?