Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-05-13

and harbors, water supply and sewer
system, the more important works of
public sanitation. and the greater part
OF the expense of public education. ON
the Buenos Aires police department alone
Argentine expended $2f0o.o1. The items
OF municipal expenditure which are thus
met by the nation in the case of Buenos
Aires (omitting the heavy item of
docks and harhors, which finds no coufl-
terpart in Washington. and as an offset
credltlng the nation with all the cost
of sanitation and public educatonl. ag-
gresated in Washington S.. So. 446. or
more than the nations total payment in
that year tahout five and one-quarter
mllllons) toward the maintenance of the
District of Columbia
In 1907 the population of Buenos Aires
was l,l46.S that of Washington. by the
census of 1900. was 21S,11S. The esti-
mated population of Buenos Aires today
Is l.3Jb,TS. that Of Washington, by the
census of 1910. is :s;l .O62. Buenos Aires
is a wealthy. busy. prosperous commercial
GitN. fostered industrially by the nation
Washington is poverty-stricken. cramped
IN every way in commercial. industrial
and tax revenue producing development.
Thus impecunous Washington has
ABOUT one-fourth of the popula ton OF
wealthy Buenos Aires. and raises in
local municipal taxation more than one
haE as great tax revenue.
What Brazil Does for Rio.
What has Brazil done voluntarily and
cheerfuiiy for national capital uphuilding
and maintenance? In 1906 Rio $ total reve-
nue. was sl6.o75.o1:'. of which s7.6Sl,17 was
derived from extraordinary loans" The
sum Of SS.445.S $50 came from ordinary tax
alton. as against about five and one-half
millions of local taxation in Washington
in the same year. OF this eight millions
OF Rios ordinary taxation S3.14o.375 came
from real estate, house tax tas against
realty tax of S:.54S. 80 3 In same year in
Mashlngton,,, sl.sa1,l3 from trades, pro
LESSONS and companies S1.523, 02O from
public services" The main items OF
this sixteen millions expenditure In Rio
We're 8.41s.44o on public works. s4.273. 900
interest and sinking fund, $3.50. $50 ''ad-
ministration and other public services"
81 IA. $50 education, s6269S5 collection and
distribution of revenue, s2G6975 pensions.
s.}9t4! hygiene and public assistance
Sl43,H5 Legislature. deputies. There
are $3.50 municipal employees. with sal
aries aSgregating s., 2a;;, 2O0p Correspond
ing items of expenditure in Washington
for the same year were in few items
as follows: Highways. $50. 736; interest
and sinking fund. 1919. 4oS: general gov
eminent. s73+,434 education, s1.174, 246;
charities and corrections. 81, O19,J14
The nationa! expenditures on Rio are
notable. In rebuilding the city. beginning
in 1gS. the nation made for this pur
pose a foreign loan of s4o.0Oo.OOO, the city
domestic loan Of S2o0DO.O The ma
ries on the public improvements of city
and harbor. Between Sl50O00,OnO and
s21,Goo.0Oo. according to varying esti-
mates. has already been expended on
military basis. The botanical garden is
supported by the national government
Brazil joins with Rio in the work of
public education
Most of the great national resources CEN
ter in it and in some way pay tribute
to it, 1t is made by the nation CONNER
cially prosperous, rich. strong in taxable
resources. Washington has seen the
original commerce of its site reduced al
most to nothingness. II has been Grip
pied and retarded in industrial growth.
and its taxable resources have been re-
duced TO minimum.
In 1906 Rios population was S1l. 343
that of Washington by census Of 1900
was TS.71S. Today the estimated popu-
lation of Rio is nearly million; that of
Washington by census of 1910 is 81 .0tS
Thus Washington, with a little more
than oneth.rd of Rios population raised
about two-thirds as much as Rio in ordi-
nary taxes.
Self Governing Capitals.
What have Argentina and Brazil
granted to Buenos Aires and Rio in self
government and cational representatio ton >
Buenos Aires is both municipality and
the capital of the Argentine Republic, and
as such has an organization as city as
well as an intimate connection dixie that
of Washington with the federal govern
ment. The latter association is MAIN
tanned by means of an official called the
intendcnt lmunicipal. who is appointed
by the president of the republic. subject
to the approval of the national senate,
salary. He performs to a great degree
the function of mayor III an American
city. and is to a large extent amenable to
the rules of the deliberate council. body
elected by ballot of citizens on the popu-
lation basis from twenty parishes. into
which the city is divided. 1t corresponds
in most details to an American common
council. These officials serve without pay
for term of -four years, one-half of their
number being elected every two wears.
however. Buenos Aires is fully repre-
scented in proportion to its population in
the national Legislature and the national
government in general.
Buenos Aires thus divides capital ex-
penses and control of municipality with
the nation. and has full representation in
tie national government in accordance
with its population. Washington divides
capital building expenses with the nation,
but has share in control of its mu-
nicipal affairs and no representation
whatever in the national government.
which absolutely controls il.
What has Brazil done for Rio POLITICAL
lyr Rio and suburbs constitute the fed
eral district of the United States of Bra
iii. The municipal organization of the
district is controlled nv the national gov
ernment. but the right Of the 100000 in
hahitants TO q voice in the management
of local affairs is sa.esuarded in two
ways: a. The district is represented in
the congress of Brazil by three senators.
elected for nine years. and by ten depu-
ties. elected for three years. q, A
city council of ten members. elected by
direct suffra &c for term Of two years.
The council meets in ordinary session
twice a year The chief executive Of Rio
is the project. VINO holds office for four
wears. and is appointed By the president
Of the republic and confirmed by the
senate.
Brazil and Argentina have followed tie
example Of the United states in estab
fishing federal districts and national eap!-
tails distinct from the states and con
trollod in the last ANALYSIS by the nation.
But Brazil and Argentina have improved
upon orr example by developing the rela-
lions of nation and capital on republican,
democratic and representative principles
and in accordance with the dictates OF
fairness and patriotic pride. In both
Buenos Aires and Rio The people Of the
national capital have representation Ike
other citizens in proportion TO their num-
berS in the national government In both
nations they participate through coun-
ell in the disposition of their municipal