davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-02-14

young people of both sexes to meet, the
poys drew from a box a tablet with
the name of girl, to whom, under the
auspices of Juno Februata, they were to
De devoted for a twelvemunth. Ut is re-
corded that the custom was abused and
became an excuse for license. and in or
der to extermnate the pagan rite the
early priests substituted the names of
saints for the maidens. The drawer of
the name of a particular saint was Sup
posed to be under his projection for a
given period of time
But not one of these deductions have
| proven satisfactory and It is probable
that custom, more potent than any au-
thority, fixed February IL as st. VAL
entines day, and. without any reason
other than the popular notion that St.
Valentine was the patron saint of sweet
hearts and lovers.
AS early as the fourteenth century st.
Valentine was known in connection with
love affairs for poem written by John
Ludgate in praise of Catherine, wife of
| King Henry the Fifth commences
'Seynte Valentine of customs yeere by
yeere," and has particular reference to
the custom of exchanging love tokens ON
beDfuary IA. In the early part of the
| last century the custom was prevalent
for lovers to exchange token of affection.
generally in the form OF small articles
of jewelry, which later gave way to the
writing of love sonnets of other poetcal
effusions of which favorite formula was
that because the rose was red and the
violet blue the recipient or the missive
was as sweet as sugar.
In the days of quill pens and expen-
sive postage Valentines were rather 4
costly luxury, but when cneap postage
came in vogue, then it was that that
hideous piece of vulgarity, the comic val
MT i,afg, fax.
has witnessed a decided decrease in the
sending of this monstrosity. and in it's
place the pretty and fanciful cards with
appropriate quotations. such as are used
at Christmas and New Year have been
substituted.
Useful valentines, flowers and candy
are frequently sent by the auorer to the
adored and with the passing of the col
ored horror the pretty custom of ex-
changing suitable love token has been
partly revived. May the comic vulgari-
ty never come back.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-02-14
SOCIALISM BROUGHT
INTO STRIKE INQUIRY
Has Bearing on Situation,
Says Attorney
LAWYER is HALTED
Probable Government Control of
Mines Injected Into Probe.
Miner Says Property
Obstructed
LAWYER is HALTED

Hancock, Mich, February 13.-Socialisr
was mentioned today for the first time
as factor in the Michigan copper miners
strike situation at the congressional hear
ing. In asking a witness il he was a
member of the socialist society. Allen f.
Rees, of counsel for the mining COM
panies, encountered violent objection from
union attorneys, who claimed it was an
effort to connect a political party with
the strike.
Chairman Taylor asked Mr.. Rees his
object in putting the question and the lat
ter replied that the attitude of the strikers
would be shown later to have had an i'm
portant bearing on the refusal of the
companies to recognize the Western Fed
Grafton of Miners.
The witness, Gus 7. Stronger a Finn.
refused to answer and the committee DE.
eided it would not compel him to do
So
DO you under stand that this committee
is here for the purpose of the govern
ment taking over the mines?" Mr.. Rees
then asked.
Howl of DerisiOn
howl Of derison from the audience.
composed largely of strikers. caused NJ:
Rees to exclan, above the din: I'VE eX-
sect to show that these miners went on
strike with the understanding that il
they remained out for three months, they
would be promised that the government
would take over the mines
That statement is unqualifiedly
wrong" shouted o. n. Hilton, attorney
for the miners.
The committee decided the wisless need
not answer the question. Mr.. Rees then
asked Stronger if he had not been told
in the union, or if he had not read IN
Finnish newspapers that the government
soon would take over the mines. the
witness replied in the negative.
Mr.. Rees then asked the witness if
he believed the government should take
over the mines and the miner an
swered that he would not care about
the government taking them over If
private concerns would give the men
d little more freedom.
Built Fence on Road
Stronger was put on the stand to
testify to charges that the quincy Min
ing company had erected a fence
across a private road on its property
watch afforded the only means he had
of reaching the public highway from
the piece of leased land on which he
lived. Counsel for the Western Fed
Grafton contended that his rights had
peen invaded in that he was deprived
of a means to reach the nostoffice.
Congressman Howell took the stand
that Strenger's grievance was against
the lessor of his farm, who had not
guaranteed him right of way to the
public road
The committee spent the day listen
ing to more strikers who had com =
plants against conditions under which
they had to work. Miners protested
- Of tho I'm drill n hplnG dam
gocous Ira miners told the investi-
gators that their work was hard and
wearing. Two claimed to have been
discharged because they took their
complaints to the mine captain and
said they were refused work in other
mines because they were members Of
the union.
The committee reconsidered its deei-
sion TO move hearings to Houghton
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-02-14
w. II. PARKER ARRESTED
Says HObson Men Resurrected an Old
Case Previously Nolle Pressed

On warrant sworn out by I. II. How
ell. a citizen, W. III. Parker, was ar
rested yesterday by deputy sheriff. The
warrant charges that Parker, sometime
ago, stole three watches from Abe Rich
Mr.. Rich when seen yesterday, stated
through his attorney. NJ. NJ Ulman, that
he had had nothing to do with the swear
ing out of the warrant or the arrest o.
Parker.
Mr.. Parker stated yesterday that he
was arrested for the offense charged in
the warrant sometime ago. and that the
case against hm was nolle pressed by
Judge II. b. Abernethy at the instance
of Mr.. Rich and the assistant solicitor.
He added that the resurrection of the
old matter was due to the ract that he
had publicly requested r. p. Hobson,
candidate for the Senate, to return to
Washington, where Congress is in ses-
sion and had publicly protested against
the payment of the salary of Mr. Hobson
on the ground that he had not earned
it. He cited as proof of his contention
that politics is at the bottom of the
matter, the fact that Mr. Rich had noth-
ing to do with the warrant under which
he was arrested yesterday.
He made bond in tn sum of $500.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-02-14
M'REYNOLDS MAY
SETTLE TRUST SUITS

Washington, February 13.-Two more
suits under the Sherman antitrust law,
begun last year, may be settled out of
court by Attorney General McReynolds.
1t became known today that representa-
tives of both the American Can company
and the Corn Products Refining company
have begun negotiations with the de-
partment of justice, which may lead to
agreements without further legal proceed
ings.
Just how far negotiations have pro-
gressed, was not made public. but it was
understood tonight representatives of the
two concerns are expected to return to
Washington shortly. The ATTORNEY Gen.
eral is not expected to approve any agree
ment which does not involve concessions
to meet all complaints filed against the
concerns hy the government.
The Corn Products company was sued
in the district court in. New York city
and the suit against the American Can
company was begun In Baltimore. The
defendants in both cases have filed their
answers and the taking of testimony in
the can case is about to begin.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-02-14

gulf. being more marked in these sections
because of the sudden rise in pressnres
that followed the passage of the low
Heavy rains were reported at Mobile and
New Orleans, and heavy snowfalls at st.
Louis and Louisville. Sleet was falling
at Atlanta at p. M, where the tenn
perature was but 26 degrees at that time.
Temperatures were below freezing at
p. m. over Oklahoma, Arkansas, western
| Tennessee, northern Georgia and western
North Carolina. fall of 26 degrees oc-
CURED at Atlanta since Thursday night
and of "a degrees al Palestine. Through
out Mississippi, Alabama, Louisiana and
western Tennessee, the fall ranged from
Il to 16 degrees.
Somewhat warmer weather prevailed
throughout the plains states, but read
ings still continued rather low in most
sections.
Summary of observations made al
United States Weather Bureau stations
February 49, 1914
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-02-14
PAGE PRESENTS HIS
SON TO THE KING

London, February liking George
and Queen Mary tonight held the first
court of. the season in Buckingham
palace. Walter Hines Page, United
States ambassador, presented his son.
Arthur Page, and Edward Bell, second
secretary of the embassy, to their
nla1esties. Mrs Page presented her
daughter, Miss Page; her daughter-in-
law, Mrs. Arthur Page, Mrs. Bell, moth
er of Secretary Bell; Miss Kate FoW-
lcr of San Francisco, Miss Sylvia Fox
of Philadelphia. Miss Harriet Mccooh
of New York and Miss Elizabeth Wells
of Boston.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-02-14
MARRIAGE OF u. S.
GIRL TO JAPANESE
CAUSES TANGLE

Los Angeles, February 13.-Immigration
officials here put up to their superiors in
Washington today the question of whetii
er Louise McElwaine Goto, American wife
of japanese, should be deported as an
undesirable alien to Japan land she
never has seen.
The girl and Manzo Goto, whom she
met in Omaha were married on the high
seas, off San Diego, some months ago
Under the law she takes the nationality
of her husband When Goto was accused
of having violated the white slavery law
by accepting her earnings, she became
liable to deportation with him.
The girl and Goto We're married on a
launch. hired to enable them to avoid
the California law prohibiting matrimony
between Caucasians and Mongolians.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-02-14
FIX ASSESSMENTS
IN MONTGOMERY
Subcommittee Assesses Cam
didates for Probate Judge
$500 and Solicitor 500

Montgomery, February 1S.-(Special
The subcommittee appointed by tn
Montgomery county democratic executiv
committee has decided to assess cand
dates for probate judge in the April pr
mary at $500 and candidates for solicito
at $780, This action was taken today a
a meeting Of the committee. held at tn
county courthouse. The only candidat
for probate judge is Charles b. Teasle,
present incumbent, and William T. Seibel
solicitor, has no opposition for that OF
flee.
The candidates for the House are as
sessed at $25, and contestants for the stat
senate are assessed at $50. There are
candidates for the Legislature The 81
candidates for the office of sheriff al
assessed at SIS. Clerks, managers an
returning officers will be selected at
meeting of the subcommittee on March
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-02-14
THOUSAND GALLONS
OF BEER DESTROYED

.Tuscumbia, February 13.-(Special)
Twelve miles southwest of Tuscumbia,
on Cane creek, United States Marshal
Ford raided wildcat still and seized
over 1000 gallons of beer. The officers
destroyed the entire outfit and the beer.
with Mr.. Ford at the time of the cap
ture were L. r. Walker, E. S. Smith
and w. /. Cummins, and several 9TH
ers who assisted in the capture.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-02-14
NAVAL STUDENTS
LEARN PEDAGOGY

Washington, February 13.-Senior class
men from the United States Naval acad-
emy today took their first lesson in ped
agogy from DR.. p. p. Clixton, commits
sioner of education. Secretary Daniels is
depending on young naval officers to
carry out his plan for the education of
the enlisted men of the fleet and has ar
ranged to have midshpmen receive in
struction from authorities in the science
of pedagogy
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-02-14
Local Data
Weather Conditions

Birmingham, February 13-O p. MI
The area of low pressure that was GEN.
trail over the western gulf on Thurs
day nights ) map has moved to the Caro-
lima coast by tonight causing general rain
or snow throughout the eastern half of
the country except in extreme northern
sections. This disturbance is being close
ly followed by the "high' now over the
western half of the Mississippi basin and
the northwest. A decided fall in temper
atures has occurred in central portions of
the cotton belt, and also over the western
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-02-14

auspices of st. Margarets Guild of
st. Johns Episcopal church of this city
was quite a success despite the bad
weather. The opera was given under
professional direction and was very
attractive. The characters played their
parts well and the drills were very
pretty as well as the songs. The play
was given for the benefit of the build
ing fund of the church.
Tomorrow will be "gettogether"
Sunday for the members of st. Johns
Episcopal church and the rector and
vestrymen urge all members to attend
the morning service at IL o'clock. Fol
lowing the service the rector and YES
try will discuss with the congregation
matters relating to the new church
plans Every member has been request
ed to bring some person with them.
The concert which was to have been
leld on Tuesday and Wednesday, Feb
ruary II and is, has been postponed
until Thursday and Friday of the same
week. The concert will be given by the
uniform rank of the Woodmen of the
World and the band of the Pratt City
lodge for the benefit of the order.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-02-14
MAN KILLED WHEN
UMBRELLA TOUCHES
AN ELECTRIC LAMI

New York, February 13.-The tip c
an open umbrella in the hands of vii
liam II. Huescher touched a low hang
ing electric lamp one night while h
was walking through the rain to hi
home in Jamaica, l.. l.. and Huesche
was shocked to death by the curren
which passed down the steel umbrell
rod. The electric light company con
tended that Heuscher's death was du
to his own carelessness, but a jury to
day awarded $1,000 damages to hi
widow.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-02-14
BenodentO Released

Sam Benodento, Greek merchant
charged with receiving and concealing
stolen property. was given hearing be-
fore Judge r. b. Watts, United States
commissioner, yesterday. and discharged.
Benodento was accused of. buying stolen
property from persons who had robbed
a freight car. He plead ignorance of
the fact that the goods were stolen. Judge
Watts decided that the evidence was in
sufficient to hold him.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-02-14
Weather Forecast

Washington, February 13.-Forecast
for Alabama and Georgia: Fair Satur-
day, colder southeast portion; Sunday
fair; moderate northwest winds.
Mississippi: Fair and somewhat cold
er Saturday; Sunday fair; moderate
northwest winds.
Tennessee: Fair Saturday, colder east
portion; Sunday fair.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-02-14

Monday. owing to objectinos from the
union men, who said the change would
Inconvenience their witnesses. Sessions
VIII be held here beginning. tomorrow.
Chairman Taylor received a telegram
late today from Victor Berger, the So
ciallst leader, requesting "A two hours
hearing before the committee
Questioned as to Charges
Questioned as to charges that men were
discharged if they complained of mine
conditions, Mr.. Welborn said
''One man sued us for the loss of an
eye His suit was in the courts five years,
and meanwhile the man worked for the
company. As to the alleged dismissal Of
union men, ! can say that 1t has not been
done TO my knowledge. Our men have
even held office in labor organizations
without interference on our part"
The mine company president told of
conferences he held with Governor Am
mons in which he had declared the COM
pany was ready to agree to all the strik-
ers' demands except recognition of the
union.
rs John D. Rockefeller the principal
stockholder in your company" questioned
Representative Sutherland
our records do not show that he is
Does he own a majority of the stock?
'T understand he does not
Near the close of Mr.. Osgood's testi
mony, Chairman Foster questioned tn.
witness as to his views on industrial
questions. Mr.. Osgood SAID he did moi
believe in compulsory arbitration in la.
Dor troubles.
''I don't think it benefits the public tc
regulate business by law" said the finan-
cier. 81 think ! am the best Judge ol
how TO operate my affairs and if do moi
deal fairly | will be -,un;sned through
the operation of the nataraI economic
laws"
Representative Byrnes: IF your mer
should form union of their own, moi
connected with the United Mine Workers
as you testified this morning you would
willingly permit them to co. would yor
consent TO have a conciliatiun board, witt
representatives of the miners and your.
self to settle disputes?"
Mr.. Osgood NO sir; want to have
the final decision in settling any dis.
pute."
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-02-14

The origin of st. Valentines day, like
many other time-honored institutions, is
somewhat shrouded in mystery. Why the
day is named after St Valentine, neither
ancient history nor modern research gives
any satisfactory explanation. st. Val
entlne was one OF the early bishops of
Rome, who stood steadfast during the
Claudian prosecutions of those who pro-
fessed and practiced Christianity How
this good old bishop became identified
with the custom of the amorous swain
sending love epistles to his sweetheart
is past understanding, for he neither wrote
love sonnets nor cast affectionate eyes
at Roman maiden. There was nothing
sentimental in his life He suffered bit
ter prosecution for his faith, and died
the death of martyr. being first beaten
with clubs and then beheaded.
Brewer, in his work ON customs and
festivals, suggests that the day owes its
origin to a pagan custom prevalent in
ancient Rome of young men holding a
drawing or lottery for young maidens
other authorities assign entirely different
reasons but none are authentic and are
based wholly on suppostions
The etymologist suggests that the name
of st. Valentine came to be USED through
the confusion of names, and points out
the fact that the Norman word galantin,
word synonymous with the term
''masher' of today was pronounced val
antin, and that the word became iden-
titled with st. Valentine and this pious
old bishop became the patron saint of
lovers and sweethearts
The photographer attempts a pretty
and poetical explanation In the sugges-
ton that as the birds choose their mates
during the month of February the Gus
tom OF young men and young women
choosing valentines or loving friends be-
came prevalent during that month.
The antiquary suggests that st. Val
entines day is the Christianized form of
the classic Lupercalia, which feasts were
held in Rome on February IA, in honor
OF Pan and Juno. and that among other
ceremonies it was the custom of the
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-02-14
Lauderdale Offers Corn Prizes

Florence, February 13.-(Special.)
The commissioners court of Lauderdale e
county, in order to encourage the farm
ers to better products, offered today
TO make an appropriation of $40 for
the best four acres of corn for 1914.
The winners of these prizes to be de-
tcpmined by the county superintendent
of education. The corn suitable for
planting will be supplied by the county
10 all those who desire to enter the
contest
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-02-14
Thirteenth
UN[UCKY DAY FOR
PRESIDENT WILSON
Executive Spends Day in
Bed-FOrced to Fore
go New Jersey
Reception

Washington, February IS. FRIDAY the
ident Wilson would con s'der lucky
turned out to be the reyers today for the
chief executive spent a second day in
bed nursing severe cold und was fosced
to forego attending SPECIAL reception
given at the White HOUSE for the New
Jersey democracy.
The only other engagement the Presi-
dent had-a cabinet meeting-had been
cancelled early in the day. and it had
been expected that he would be able to
leave his room to receive his reception
guests: DIR. Cary 7. Grayson. United
States navy, the Presidents physician,
however, decided that for the present to
go from a room Of even temperature to
the crowded parlors on the lower floor
would be risky. A statement was Issued
saying the President had insisted the
reception be held Notwithstanding his in
disposition and declaring that the cold
was responding satisfactorily to treat
ment."
Visitors Received
Further than this no formal comment
though Secretary Tumulry told all in
quirers that Mr.. Wilson's state of health
was not in the slightest degree alarming.
He said the President was being kept
confined to his room chiefly as a pre-
caution and so that 5e Nigh: set complete
rest
No engagements have been made for
earlier than Monday. The President has
been working an unusually hard
schedule of engagements rece0tlV.
meeting more callers and having more
extended conferences than any time
since he took office A draught at the
congressional reception Tuesday night
is generally ascribed as the direct
cause of the cold. =
Condition Not Serious
Mrs. Wilson, assisted by the vice
president and Mrs. Marshall and MEM
hers of the cabinet and their wives.
received the visitors tonight, while the
Marine band played in the court fac
ing the blue room. The occasion was
the first of its kind in the present ad :
mlnistration. outside of the New Jersey
circle, the only guests We're William f.
McCombs, democratic national chair
man. and Mrs. McCombs, and members
of the democratic national commit
tee. From New Jersey came the gov
ernor and Mrs. Fielder, Legislative lead
ers, state officials, the New Jersey
delegates to the Baltimore convention
who voted for Wilson, and their alter
mates, the New Jersey electors, the
New Jersey delegates in Congress and
New Jersey newspaper editors. The
affair was arranged by Secretary Tu-
multy
During the evening the Marine band
moved into the east room, where the
guests danced until midnight.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-02-14
ST. VALENTINES DAY

The Sending of Love Tokens This Day of Considerable An
tiquity, But Little of It's True Origin is KnownThe
Passing of the Vulgarity Known as the
Comic Valentine
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-02-14
ANNOUNCEMENTS
FOR SHERIFF.

1 hereby announce my candidacy for
sheriff of jefferson county. subject to
the action of the democratic primary.
GEORGE II. BODEKER
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-02-14

The baby opera, held at the Ems
ley opera house last night under the
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1914-03-10
HOW TELEPHONE WAS INVENTED
Bell Found the Secret by Experiment
ina with Ear Of a Dead Man.

ing with Ear Of Dead Man.
In the cellar of modest house in
Salem, Mass, a young man was shout.
ing into a dead mans ear. The ear,
carefully detached from it's original
site along with the ear drum and the
bones behind it, had been given him by
a surgeon and the young man had
placed straw so that one end Of it
touched the ear drum and the other
end piece Of smoked glass. He look
ed at the glass. 1t was marked with
tiny scratchings. The young man
whooped for Joy.
IF this thin, tiny disc can send vi
brations through heavy bones" he
said, IAN iron disc might virbrate an
iron wire"
discs, long way apart, connected by
an electrified wire, and heard the
sound made at one end reproduced at
the other. The invention which grew
out Of the dead ear was the telephone;
the man was DR.. Alexander Graham
Bell, who is alive today in place re-
mote enough so that he is seldom both
cred by telephones.
The extension of talk had been a
hobby in the house Of Bell for two gen.
erations before the inventor Of the
telephone came on the scene. His
grandfather had devised system for
the correction of stammering, his faith
er had invented what he called visible
speech" to teach deaf mutes to speak.
Graham Bell himself came to Canada
at % because he was threatened with
tuberculosis. He spent year outdoors
and busted himself teaching visible
speech" to tribe Of Mohawk Indians.
Then he came to Boston to introduce
in a newly established school his meth
cd of teaching deaf mutes.
He had a private pupil, little boy
named George Sanders, who lived with
his grandmother at Salem, and young
Bell was given a room in the house
and permission to use the cellar for ex-
periments. He Uttered it with tuning
forks, coils Of wire, tin trumpets and