davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1914-09-18
FUSION IN FAYETTE COUNTY
TO DEFEAT SENATOR CROW
Candidates Now In Field Will With
draw and New Ticket Named.

INIONTOWN, Pa, Sept lS-Demo-
Gratis. Progressives ad Jrohibitlonists of
Fayette County have declared for fusion
for the purpose Of defeating State Chair
man William +. Crow, Republican can
d!date for state Senate. Z G. Higbee, OF
this place Democratic candidate for State
Senate. j, W. Dawson, the Progressive
candidate and Albert G. Gaddis, the Pro-
hibition candidate have all decided to
withdraw from the contest and the Demo-
Gratis, Progressives and Prohibtionists
will select either d. NJ. Hertzog, Theo-
dore Bliss or George b. Jeffrles, all Of
Eniontown' to oppose Senator Grow.
The leaders OF the three parties be-
lieye fusion wili defeat Grow. There is
a strong feeling against the Senator
throughout Fayette County on account
of his close affiliatlon with United States
senator Penrose.
Bruce ". Sterling, chairman of the
Fayette County Democratic Committee,
represents the liquor interests IN Fayette
County. Chairman Sterling IS a law
partner of Higbee, the Democratic can
1idats. Higbee declared for local option,
which did nor meet with the approval
Of Sterling, and Higbee's candidacy has
not been taken seriously .on account OF
ms business association ! IA the Demo-
cratic chairman.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1914-09-18
ANNOUNCES DISCOVERY
Flexner Declares Germ of Infantile
Paralysis Has Been Found.

SARATOGA, \. Y, Sept lS.-The sole
topic of discussion today among dele
gates to the convention of State health
officers in session here is the announce
ment made by DR.. Simon FleXner, di-
rector of the Rockefeller Institute for
Medical Research, that the infantile
paralysis germ had been found. He spoke
on the Influence of Scientific Research
on Public Health"
The mIcro-orsanism Of this terrible dis
ease. he said. had been grown in test
tubes and were visible through powerful
microscopes when viewed in masses. He
intimated important results would be
produced from those experiments He
defended vivisection by explaining that
the most modern facts of medicine had
been discovered through the use of ami
mails for experimental purposes.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1914-09-18
ENGLAND AGAINST
INCREASE IN j. s.
MERCHANT MARINE
Controversy Over Transfer
81 Steamship Robert Dollar
to American R e gistry
Shows Britain S Position.

WASHINGTON, Sent. lS.--Thc contro-
vcrsy over the transfer of the steam
ship Robert Dollar from British to
American registry. which is occupying
the attention OF the state Department,
is expected to be the first of many such
differences.
Great Britain is prepared to make a
strong fight against the increase of the
American merchant marine. In the case
OF the Robert Dollar. which Is being held
az Rio De Janeiro pending the settle
mcnt OF the attempt to place this Ameri-
can owned ship under American regis
try, British opposition has nos yet ap-
pcared. If Germany consents to the
transfer. however, it is reliably reported
England will refuse to acknowledge the
new registry.
Tie State Department admits that the
situation is a delicate one. The Admin
straton's wish to increase the merchant
marine is swaylng the department, but
the fear of the seizure of the vessel
on the high sease by either German or
English ships Is causing worry.
Should the ship be taken. either or
both countries refusing to recognize the
transfer of registry, the United states
would be put in u position where 1t
would have to permit the seizure without
a protest Or run the risk OF becoming
cmoroiled with either of these countr es
England, IN refusing to permit the trans
FER OF British registry ships TO registry
Of neutral powers, will cite as authority
the convention Of The Hague which pro-
h.5it7 such transfers after tho commence
mont OF lOstilitics
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1914-09-18

STORIES OF COURAGE
AND ADVENTURE IN WApI

The Exchange Telegraph correspondent
at Bordeaux says
81 saw in the hospitals here among
the prisoners n beardless Teuton boy,
who was Is years and months old He
was student i'm the technical school
at Mannheim and was wounded and made
prisoner at the battle OF Marne. He
said, in broken English, that all the stu
dents of his school who were over 10
years of age had been mob!lzed and
placed in different regiments"
In n letter from Sergeant Cahll to his
friends in Bristol is the tribute of an
Irish soldier to the "Red Cross girleens."
Cahil wrote:
THE Germans give us no rest night or
day, and those of US who have come
through It will never forget to our dying
day what 1t Is to have to fight here. The
Red Cross preens, with their purity faces
and their sweet ways. are as good mcn as
most of us, and better than some of us.
They are not supposed to venture into
the firing line at all. but they get there
all the same, and devil the one of us burst
turn them away"
Tommy Atkins" goes into battle
shouting an inconsequent vaudeville jim
gle that has In 1t not word about death
or valor glory or pathos
And lest Americans do not know the
words of this epoch-making chorus here
they are, fated for some unfathomed rea-
son to become historic!
IT'S long way to T1pperary,
It's q Iona way TO go;
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1914-09-18

nothing as compared to those fo,,., \
Antichrists country" %" Y
Vorsicle &c. "Only princes ana
tains will be buried. Hunger ana Il. 1p
Will be added to carnage. Tho ts.'
Will make too many corpses TO burys
Versicle q. "Antichrist Will oft., !,
mand peace, which will be refused ~. "
he be crushed un'l
Vcrsicle 30. "Antichris,s last ,.,,l
will be fought where he forges arms N
Versicle 81. 'Antichrist will Ioss
crown and will die in solitude and rs
ness. His empire will be divided ,ri
% states, none having any fort or sr,rl m
or vessel" a'uii
The Figaro adds that verse 20 r,s,l
to Essen, in Westphalla, which the an.
prophecies foretold as the scene Of nj
last battle. u
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1914-09-18
100000 LAND TRANSFER

Three large lots In Germantown, with
a valuation Of $4,000 have been con-
yeyed 10 new owners. They consist Of
seven acres on Ab5ottsford avenue and
Michael street, lot on the vest side Of
Che!ten avenue, between Magnolia and
Musgroye streets, and a residence and
plot Of ground on the southeast side of
Lsymon street ana the northeast side
Of Norris street the lest-named prop
erty being the one formerly owned bv
Virgil W. Walton. II is said that new
dwellings Bill pc erected on an of these
properties.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1914-09-18

CErTINJE, Montenegro, Sept. IS
The Montcnegrins have occupied Co
razda, village of 1000 population on the
River Drina, 35 miles southeast OF Sara
jevo.
Montenesrin troops are suffering from
the intense cold in the mountains, but
of their troops are approaching Sarajevo.
Bosnia, while others are moving on Mon
aster, capital Of Herzegovina. The cold
Is driving them down to low attitudes,
but they march both night and day in
so far as possible. y number of soldiers
have frozen to death.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1914-09-18

ROME. BY Way of Paris, Sept. IS.
Dispatches received from Trent, Aus
tria, are to the effect that everything
is In readiness for the proclamation OF
a state of siege.
Even the Alpine refugees. it is de-
clared. have been transformed into forts.
in which cannon has been mounted. All
males from II to 60 years of age are prac-
ticing at the rife ranges, but not enough
guns are available, despite the arrival
of rifles from Germany.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1914-09-18
BANDITS COMMIT SUICIDE
Gang Responsible for General De La
Rey's Death Driven to Bay.

lOHANNEsBJI TIC. Sept. ls-Quiet nre-
walls here today following the dramatic
suicide yesterday OF the gang OF dsspera.
does under the leadership or a man
known as Jackson. The bandits had COM
nitted many crimes and were indirectly
responsible for the accidental shooting Of
General Jacoous Hendrix de La Rey, a
noted Boer general.
Jackson and his companions took ref
uge in : cave on the east Rand. which
was Immediately surrounded by the po-
lice, The bandits refused 70 surrender
AZ hrst. but later jackson offered 10 give
up their arms TO JacksonE wife Urged
on hy the police and her husband, she
entered the cave sud was Immediately
shot b him. Thsf, AL the despeTadoel
eomu9itted sulside
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1914-09-18
IRIsHMEN TO SELECT DELFcAr
National Convention of United ri,
League Is Coming Here.

NEW YORK, Sept. ia meeting
the local Irish organizations will be k,I
here tonight to select delegates to n
national convention of the United M
League Of America. which will be held
Philadelphia beginning September % ]
City Solicitor Michael j. Ryan, Of Ii.
city. is president of the league m
Hon. Richard McGee, NJ. p, will spes
on recent developments in the home rul
question at tonight's gathering.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1914-09-18
President win Vote for walsh.

WASHINGTON, sept s.-PresIdent
Wilson next Tuesday will cast a vote
a. Princeton for Representative Allen
Walsh in the Democratic primary.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1914-09-18
PRZEMYSL DEFENSES
TAKEN, EARLY FALL
OF FORT EXPECTED
krasiezyn and Samborau
Stormed by r ussians.
Vienna Garrison Corps
Rushed to Galicia.
PETRoGRAD. sept. 1s.

PETROGRAD. Sept. 1s
Russian troops have captured Krasiezyn
the chief defense Of Przemysl oil the
southwest, and the fall Of the Austrian
stronghold is imminent, according TO
latest reports from the front
Both sides of the River SAN at
Kresiezyn are strongly fortified, but the
redoubts were taken by assault after
q battle OF ten hours.
sambor, 50 miles southeast of praemysL
has also been occupied. 1t is reported
that the greater part of the troops at
Przenlysl have retreated toward Cracow,
only small garrison being left to cover
the retreat and prevent the russians
from pressing too closely upon the rear.
Before reaching Krasiezyn, General
Ruzskys troops defeated 4 large force Of
Austrians at Jawrow. The Sixth and
Fourteen Austrian army corps, COM
manded respectively by General ZtegIer
and General Buroevic, suffered heavy
losses before they retreated. The RUS
slams took 5000 prisoners, 60 guns and
large quantities OF arms and ammunition.
TIC appearance OF General Zicger's
Austrians have rushed TO the front troops
designated for the defense of Vienna.
General Ziegler, who is one OF tho chief
strategists OF the Austro- Hungarian
army, is reported to have been wounded.
BATTLE DESCRIBED.
The correspondent Of the Noyoe
Vremya sends the following description
Of the battle at krasicSyn;
The combat opened at dawn lyita
bomoardment OF the Austrian positions
on both sides of the san. The Aus
trians replied vigorously, and their ar
tillerv was Well directed causing
severe execution in our ranks.
Finally, however, most Of their guns
were put out of commission on the
cast bank, and our troops took tho
fortihcattOns there at the point OF the
bayonet
In the meantime large force had
been sent to the southwark, where
they crossed the San out of range Of
the Austrian guns and attacked the
fortihcations on the west bank from
the rear. Though under fire from the
Russian artillery on the east bank
and by the assault from the rear,
the Austrian defenders of the west
ern fortiications fought nohly.
Hundreds Of them were bay0nettod
before their commander would sur
render. He offered his sword to the
Russian commander, but II was re-
turned 10 him with:
We Russians honor brave men"
Several guns were captured on the
west bank Of the river, and these
have been turned against Przemvsl
Itself
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1914-09-18
It's Q long way to Tipperarr
10 the sweetest girl / knoSi
Good-by, PicI adj "''O"!
,.barewell. Leicester SQUARE
~ g long, long way to TInnsro,

but my hearts rlsht thefSi
The author of tbis =,
able lyric is Jack Judge, a nus,I n,ptii
list, and there is probably no ,,,oI nau /
world more surprised than ba N
Is his publisher, Bert Feldn,o, neal
FER flung vogue it has so ss-at s,,ssat /
ceived. The British hero sings !. !
reveille sounds; he sings 1t ronto !.
ing to drown the monotonv ~ mar naf1
boots -boots-boots, sloggin' I'm ar, ~
again." "p an dos
AS they go into battle the r.
thunder their "Dle Wacht An, Hefnss e.s
the French chant their "Ntor.InalaeS naeS
sonorous and impressive. and Ie'llsl'' ,Si
gians fight gallantly with thejr e "A
"Brabanconne" on their lins Lsuul
British sing no national air ''
a British sergeant major save :,
lieves the regiments recruited IN .s ne
cities are proving the best on tb0 m Ws ~
nclds because they are accus,o,. vau.
noise. ITS the quantity, not tbo blsa n
of the German shells that is he,gg guagl
enect,' he says. THE hellish s.ls
nerve racking." "Vas
a young artilleryman. wrltIno !. I.
wife In London, tells of being los, y
field for dead, but finally was fonrh Y y
dragged from beneath his hor,o ~ y
fell on him when shot This nion. nan @
his life. as all other members - " y
battery were killed
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1914-09-18

Former Mrs. Cleveland Leaves Gsno
GENOA, Italy, Sept. 1S.-Mrs. Thoma
]. Preston, Jr., whose first husband yI
Grover Cleveland. was among the passe1
gers sailing today on the steamshi
Tomaso de Sava for New York.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1914-09-18
AssArLT oN ArsTRIANs-

The Russian armies led 10y Generals
Ruszky and Brusilot are today making
determined assault on the Austrian centre
which holds the line from Jaros,av 10
Przemysl. The chief points Of attack are
the other forts at Przemysl. which com
mand the san River. The Russians are
admitted by Vienna to have occupied part
Of the Frzemysl defenses 20 the south
OF the town, but SO far they haye bccn
unable 10 make any impression on the
main defeuses
The fighting continues everywhere with
undated trrocity, but the Vienna War
once specifically denies that at any
point have the Austrian forces been
routed, The united armies OF Daukl and
Aufenberg command the railway lines
leading 10 Cracow, so that ii the eXigen-
cies OF the situation should demand, they
can withdraw in good order on the
fortress a Cracow.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1914-09-18

LONDON, Sept H.
A Reuter- dispatch from Petrograd says
a report from the front declares that Ger
man troops destroyed a hospital at
Janow Galicia, flIed with Austrian
wounded in the belief the patients were
Russians.
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1914-04-05

Joseph E. Brown, Cherokee; 1880
1890. -,
Pope Barrow. Clarke: 1882-83.
A H. Coluquittt, Fulton; fGGo3-1894.
Patrick Walsh, Richmond, 1894.
A 0. Bacon, Bibb, 1894-1914
A. s Clay Cobb; 1879-191O
Joseph NJ. Terrell, Meriwethar;
1901.
Hoke Smith, Fulton; 1911-14.
Governors.
Herschel V. Johnson, Jefferson, 1859
81.
Joseph E. Brown, Cherokee; 1857
1865.
Rufus B. Bullock, Richmond; 1868
1871.
Alfred H. Colquitt, Fulton, 1876
1882.
Alex H. stephens, Taliaferro; 1882
1888.
Henry d. Mcdaniel, Walton, 1888
1886.
James S. Boynton, spalding; 1885,
1890.
William J. Northern, Hancock; 1890
1894.
w. Y. Atkinson, CoWeta; lS94-lS9S.
Alex d, Gambler, Hall; 1893-1902.
Jaseph NJ. Terrell; Meriwether;
1902-1906.
Hoke Smith, Fulton, 1906-1908.
Joseph M. Brown, Cobb; 1908-1910.
Hoke Smith, Fulton; 1910.
Joseph NJ. Brown, Cobb; 1911-1913
John NJ. Slaton, Fulton; 1913-1915.
Attorney General.
Henry p. Farrar, Lumpkin; 1862
1872.
n. j. Hammond, Fulton; 1S72-1876.
Clifford Anderson, Bib; 1SS0-1S9O.
George N. Lester, Cobb; 1890-1S99
Joseph M. Terrell; Meriwether;
1S92-1902.
Boykin Wright, Richmond, 1902.
John C. Hart, Greene; 1902 1910.
H. A. Hall, Coweta; 1910-1911.
Thomas S. Fielder, Bib; 1911-1914.
State Treasurer.
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1914-04-05

Map showing the distribution of state
offices for the past half century, including
United States senators, governors, attorney
generals, state treasurers, secretaries of
state, comptroller generals and commits
sioners of agriculture.
The line of division gwen between
North and South Georgia is the northern
boundary of the following counties: Har-
riS, Talbot, Taylor. Crawford, Houston,
Twiggs, Wilkinson, Johnson, Emanuel,
Jenkins and Screven. There are II coun-
ties III South Georgia, II in North Geor-
gia, several of the latter being very small
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1914-04-05

der cultivation. Here the cotton AMI
corn fields are everywhere rapidly re
placing the turpentine orchards. On all
sides the cotton gin is taking the place
OF the sawmill. immigration and the
natural increase are filing up the
waste places and vastly enriching the
state. With land values jumping by
leaps and bounds, with new industries
making their appearance in various
towns that are springing into the size
and dignity of cities, South Georgias
wealth will reach and surpass that of
Farms in South Georgia ..........
Acreage improved farm lands ......
Value of all farm property .......
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1914-04-05
A HALF CENTURY OF DIVISION NORTH
AND SOUTH GE0RGIA'S ALLOTMENTS

months.
Philip Cook, Lee; 1898-1914.
Labor Commissioners.
II. M. Stanley, Dublin; 19l2.14.
Railroad Commissioner.
Allen Fort Sumter.
James M. Smith, Muscogee.
Spencer r. Atkinson, Glynn.
j. Pope Brown, Pulaski.
Gunby Jornan, Muscogee.
o. B. Stevens, Terrell.
S. G. McLendon, Lowndes.
Joseph f. Gray, Chatham (SoutA
Georgia's only commissioner at pres
ent)
NORTH GEORGIA'S ALLOTMENT.
United States Senators.
Robert Toombs, Wilkes; 1S54-61.
Joshua Hill, Morgan, 1918.
Homer V Miller, Floyd; 1S69-7O.
John B. Gordon, Fulton, 1880
1890-1904.
Benjamin H. Hill, Fulton; lS77-S2,
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1914-04-05
DOOR Of HOPE
FOREVER SHUT :?
South Georgia Has the Men
But Not the Jobs

The South's greatest staple tells the
tale strikingly and succinctly. Here
are the numbers of bales of cotton
ginned in South Georgia.:
Yaop Dallas n. >, Ct,o
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1914-04-05

Commissioner of Agriculture.
T. p James.
j. T. Henderson, of Newton.
r. II, Nesbitt of Cobb.
j. ]. Connor of Barlow.
j. d. Price of Oconee.
Secretary Of State.
Nathan G. Barnett, Washington am
Baldwin; 1843-1S90.
A. d. Gambler, Hall; 1S94-189S.
Railroad Commissioner.
Established 1900
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1914-04-05

John B. Trippe, Monroe; 1S53-1S60
John Jones, Baldwin; 1861-1S68.
N. l.. Angler Fulton; 1S68-1S72.
John Jones, Baldwin; 1S72-1876.
j. W. Renfroe, Washington; 1876
$50
ID. n. Speer, Troup; 1SS0-1S84
r. U. Hardeman; Newton; 1884
S98.
w. ]. Speer, Troup; 1S96-1900
r. E. Park, Bib; 1900-1909.
w. ]. Speer, Troup; 1911-1914.
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1914-04-05
SOUTH GEORGIA'S ALLOTMENT.
United States Senator

SOUTH GEORGINS ALLOTMENT.
United States Senator.
A. Iyerson, Muscogee; 1S55-61.
Thomas M. Norwood, Chatham
1871-77.
William S. West, Lowndes; 1914
(siX months).
Governor.
Charles j. Jenkins, Muscogee;
1S65-6S.
James NJ Smith, Muscogee, 1872
1876
Attorney General.
Robert n. Ely, Dougherty, 1S76-80
State Treasurer.
}. Pope Brown, Pulaski; 1909.
Commissioner OF Agriculture.
Q. B. Stevens of Terrell.
Thomas G. Hudson of Sumter.
Secretary Of State
Gen Philip Cook, Lee; 1890-94.
William Clifton, Chatham; 1898 (six
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1914-04-05

Campbell Wallace, Barlow.
Samuel Barnett.
Alex Erwin.
l.. N. Trammell, Cobb.
J W. Robertson, Habersham.
Virgil Powers, Bib.
Thomas G. Crenshaw, Jr., Barlow
Warner Hill, Meriwether.
Joseph M. Brown, Cobb.
Murphy Gambler, DeKalb.
George Hillyer, Fulton.
Paul B. Trammell, Whitfield.
James A. Perry, Gwinnett.
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1914-04-05

1t is inevitable that in few years,
perhaps by the next census even,
South Georgia shall reach and pass
North Georgia in population. Here are
vast areas of land being quickly q
nuded Of their forests and brought u.l-
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1914-04-05

the northern half Of the state. The
course of empire is in this direction
and the great stretch from The Allan
tic to the Chattahoochee, $50 miles in
breadth, and running north from the
Florida line $50 miles, is destined to
be the homes of millions of people en-
joying a prosperity second to none III
the country. Its development Of tae
past twenty years or the past ten, gives
but an inkling of what is ahead.
Glance at the picture of development
the census of 1900 and 1910 depict;
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1914-04-05

South Georgia's production of cotton
increased in thirteen years 625,O01
bales, or 1875 per cent. while North
Georgia's increased 100000, or So per
cent Twenty years ago, one might say. /
Continued on Page 81
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1914-04-05

There are now seventy-OnG
counties in this section, Bleck-
ley and Wheeler having been
carved out of other counties.
Seeming decreases in some
counties are due to new cOun
ties being formed from their
area between 1900 and 1910.
There are seventy -seyen cOun-
ties in North Georgia, a num-
being Of small ar ca.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1914-05-19

the representatives to demand a rule from Representative Henry commit tee making the equal suffrage con- stitutiolal amendment a special or der for the present session but in almost every instance they were told that the democratic caucus at the time of the fight a few months ago for the appointment suffrage had voted this to be strictly a question for the states, themselves, to con- sider and that this must be taken as final.
 On this question the progressive democrats elected to congress from Texas are as much unit az they are on the constitutional prohibition question. They do not seek this sort of federal interference with the in- herent rights of the sovereign states. Here, again, they are at variance with the junior senator. United States Senator Sheppard is just as strong for the constitutional amendmSlt to make possible nationwide equal sui frage as he is for the constitutional method of securing nationwide pro- hibition.
 Doubt About Adjournment.
 Although the declaration of a Legislative program" by the demv cratic majority of the house was put through the caucus in order to bring about an early adjournment, it need occasion no surprise in Texas if the middle of August finds. congress still pounding away. In the first place, many members are demanding con- sideration of other matters than the antitrust bills, but if work is con- fined to these and the appropriation measures, the house can not get through before the middle of July. If President Wilson insists upon the senate passing this program" as he now says he win, it will be many a long week before that is accomplish ed. The Republicans do not desire an early adjournment because they hope to keep the Democrats out of the congressional campaign. They will filibuster, if necessary, and all in all it appears that the country will have congress on it's hands almost all sum- mer months.