davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-03-28

ply TO make money; it is absolutely
essential that you love the game more
than the stalSe-a blue ribbon must
mean more to you than blue chip.
No. s. Commencing with a 1000
flock on a ten-pullet experience.
No. g. Feeding your family beef
steak instead of the culls from your
flock.
No. 10. Changing breeds yearly to
get a more profitable one. Egg pro-
duetion is more dependent on the
breeder and the feeder than the breed.
No. H. Failure to note the first
symptoms of illness among Your birds
and separate the sick from the we'll
No. l.. Overlooking the fact that
your hens cannot fight vermin and lay
eggs in the same nest.
Locating the House.
Undoubtedly the first consideration
of the man who is a beginner should
be as to the location of the poultry
house and the Hay of the land"
Too often the location of the poul-
try house is thought to be OF minor
importance and consequently is given
less consideration than that of any
other building ON the place in the
country. Frequently the other build
ings are located first and the poultry
house then placed ON the most con-
venient space, when it should have
received consideration before the
larger buildings We're all located.
In caring for the various classes of
live stock, the question of labor is
always an important item, and the
class that requires the closest at
tention to petty details, as a rule,
requires the greatest amount of labor.
As poultry keeping is wholly a bust
ness of details, the economy of labor
in performing the necessary work Is
of great importance. Buildings not
conveniently located and arranged
become expensive on account of un-
necessary labor
As il is necessary to visit poultry
houses several times each day in the
year, convenience is of more import
ance than in case of almost any other
farm building. The operations must
be performed frequently, so that any
little inconvenience I'm the arrange
ments of the buildings will cause not
only extra expense in the care, but
in many cases II greater or less neg
lect of operations that ought to be
performed carefully each day.
Poultry houses are likely to be more
or less infested with rats and mice.
unless some means are provided to
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-03-28
TRY SOMETHING DIFFERENT
IN THE VEGETABLE GARDEN

When you are making out your
order for the vegetable seeds for this
years garden try some varieties that
you have never grown before. Elk
pertinent with the novelties that the
seedsmen advertise They may give
you pleasant surprises. There are lots
of the old varieties of vegetables you
may never have grown.
Fhere is great assortment Of bush
beans listed in the catalogues. Bur
PEGS Brittle Wax is well suited to
general use. 1t is fine for picking, as
Well as snapshots.
Try Henderson's Leviathan in lima
beans. A successful gardener last
year started the seeds May 1, eyes
down in paper potss
The first week of June the plants
Were set in the garden, box and all.
This is a good way to start plants
when you do not wish to disturb the
roots by transplanting. The paper
soon decays and the roots find their
way through. The beans came into
bearing so early that he has since
planted them directly in the ground
the last week i'll May. There is no
trouble about their maturing. OF
course, the vines are still bearing
a4Aen frost kills them.
5& lima bean is warrnth-loving
plant.ssa The seed, if planted before
the ground is warm will rot, and
the youfH plants will not stand any
cold, although in the fall the first
light frosts do not kill the vines.
Beets are g faVorite vegetable in
most families, and there are many
good ones. of which three are es-
pecially pleasing. Early Bassano is
1fGfpI in, I.1ft fgAEF If Is
an old and extra early sort, but is
the lightest of all beets. The flesh is
rose and white 1t is so sweet ana
tender that ii would fall to pieces II
cooked as long as most beets have
to be. Another, and a handsome boet
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-03-28
WHO'S WHO IN POULTRY
Series of Articles in Which Enthusiasts Describe the Fowls
They Raise and Tell Why They Like Them.
NO. is.-rHE BROWN LEGHoRN.

keeper, as SCOT and smoke do not
spoil their plumage, and they always
look bright and clean. So many city
poultry keepers make the mistake
of choosing a white or buff breed
two colors which cannot withstand
the effects of smoke. There-fs Moth
ing quite so beautiful in ,pYumage in
the fold kingdom as the brown Leg
horn male, with his upright, spright-
ly carriage. The neck is a rich, brill
liant red with q lustrous greenish
black stripe extending through each
feather, and the back and saddle
feathers are of the same color, while
the breast Is black and the tail a
greenish black. The red five-po.nted
comb, with earlobes and yellow
shanks, make him a combination of
color of which one never tires. The
females have golden yellow neck
feathers, with black stripe extend
ing through each feather, salmon
colored breasts and the back and
wing q soft, even tone of brown, very
beautiful, and described more techni-
cally as o light brown. finely stip-
pied with "a darker brown, the lighter
shade predominating.
In keeping fowls in town or city,
we should keep constantly in mind
that we want eggs. and not meat;
and we should remember that tho
feed bill is quite an item, and with
these general purpose breeds which
come any way near laying as many
eggs during the year we shall find
the upkeep, or feed bills, much higher
in proportion TO the number OF eggs
than with the Leghorns. Like the
Jersey COW in milk-production, the
Leghorn can lay more eggs from q
given amount of food consumed than
any other breed. True, they require
o good enclosure: but the first cost
of a good enclosure is a small item
in compar son with the large feed
bills and fewer eggs OF the heavier
breeds. For ten years l have kept
Leghorns within the small confines
of a city back lot. with a six-foot
wire netting, and never have any
trouble.
The specialist is the one who counts
today, and the Leghorn is the egg
specialist, while the heavier breeds
are the meat special SITS. The doctor
who is general practitioner Is all
right for the country and the village,
but he Is out of place in the city;
and the general purpose fowl is all
right on the farm. Where earth Is
purchased by the square foot rather
than by the acre, the general-pur-
pose fowl is little out of her sphere.
and she should make way for the
specialist, a Leghorn pullet Matched
on the same date that a pullet of any
of the heavier breeds is Matched WI
lay enough eggs to buy the heavier
pullet by the time Miss heavyweight
lays her first egg, The breed that
lays is the breed that paysl In
season and out of season. the brown
Leghorn fills the egg baskets.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-03-28

The poultry yard should be spaded
up as early in the spring as the
ground can be worked. II it can be
ploughed deeply, so much the better
and it is also well, when possible, TO
sow rye, oats or some other green
crop.
Pullets Matched this month will slve
good results in the fall.
Alfalfa cut or mealed makes splen-
did litter for brooders and runs for
early chicks, always sweet and not
expensive.
Figure out about how many broods
of chicks there will be, and get the
spring coops and fittings cleaned up
and In working order Chickens will
Eoon be plenty and time scarce.
Leg weakness in chickens is caused
usually by combining the birds in
doors, and on hard floors and over
heated brooders. Get your birds out
OF, doors when ten days old, and raise
them IN small heatless breeders.
Sitting hens leave their nests if
lousy-seldom for any other reason.
Use live powder literally whenever
you set hen, and at other times
also.
Raise your chickens on a new lot
of land each season, or let a crop OF
green stuff grow between seasons.
, you will not be troubled with
es in your chicks.
gu can gain time by starting
beans both the string variety and
limas, in pots. TO be transplanted
out doors Nnen all danger of frost
Is past, Four weeks before planting
out time is sufficient time to start
them.
Another method of gaining time is
TO plant beans in inverted sods
' which, later on, can be put directly
Into the garden.
Be sure to SOW some beet seed. If
you SOW row of seeds thickly, they
will produce all summer Always thin
out by pulling the larger roots. The
tops of young beets make excellent
greens.
You can SOW cabbage and cauli-
flower seed out of doors in beds for
transplanting, for the late summer
and fall crops. The carly plants that
planted as soon as the ground is
ready for them. but be sure to har-
den off plants from hotbed and cold
frame before transplanting them.
Celery may be sown now in seed
beds out of doors for the main crop.
Two good varieties are Boston Mar
ket and Giant Pascal
Be sure to water carefully the egg
plants that have been sown earlier,
as a check to their growth now
would be serious. Transplant to
either paper or clay pots but be sure
the pots are large enough.
Spade a good dressing of manure
into the asparagus bed. This work
must be done carefully, so as not to
injure the crowns.
4 small amount of cress and mus
tard seeds win be useful for season.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-03-28
THE, COUNTRY CALENDAR
PRACTICAL Hints About Things TO DO at This Season in Garden
and Greenhouse, the Orchard and the Poultry Yard.

ing and salads. The plants will be
ready in two weeks. Successive SOW
ings should be made SO long as they
are wanted.
Start some muskmelons and eucum-
bers now, by sowing the seeds in pots
in the coldframe or inverted sod.
Parsnips and satisfy that have, been
left in the ground all winter should
be dug now, and stored, before they
start into new growth. For new
crops of these vegetables, SOW seeds
as soon as the ground can be
worked.
Soak the seeds Of parsley in warm
water for tWenty-four hours before
sowing In the ground outdoors. These
seeds are very slow to terminate.
Sow smooth variety of peas just
as soon as the ground can be worked.
For late planting, use the Wrinkled
varieties The ground should be pre-
pared deeply, and should be warmer
for the wrinkied than for the smooth
varieties.
If you wish to get the early pota-
toes use an early variety and sprout
the tubers before planting them. This
can be done by placing the potatoes
in shallow flats and keeping them in
q light, warm place.
AS soon as the ground can be
worked SOW both head and loose let
tuce seeds outdoors.
Try some leelSs this year. They
have more delicate flavor than
onions. As soon as the plants get
started thin to six inches apart and
blanch them by placing brown col
lars on them, held In place by small
stakes
If you want to have artichokes for
next year they should be started at
once from seed or plants. The latter
are better because named varieties
can be obtained.
Try a row of Swiss chard this year
in the garden. One row will supply
an ordinary family with green's all
summer.
Sow spinach seeds as soon as posi-
BILE, planting Long Standing or SINH
lar heat-resisting variety, for early
summer use.
As soon as the ground can be
worked sow radish seeds. Use the
turnip- rooted varieties for the early
crop. They will mature in twenty
days. If you want earlier crops SOW
the seeds in the eoldframe.
Be sure that your pepper plants get
careful attention, especially as to
water. Transplant to paper or clay
pots and be sure that the pots are
large enough.
Tomatoes in the coldframe or hot
bed should be transplanted to paper
pots as soon as they have good root
growth.
Now is the time to prune black
berries and draw off the brush to be
burned. If you want to take up the
plants, try wire trells, the same as
used for grapes, placing one wire
two and one-half feet high.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-03-28
Department Of AsrlcuIturo's Publication.

Will you kindly tell me to whom
should apply for the department Of
agriculture's publications, or "A list
of the same? MRS. &. j.
Montclair.
TO your congressman. senator or
the department of agriculture.
The department issues each month
a list of all the bulletins, circulars,
reports, etc, that have been pub
lished during the previous month,
giving the price of such as must be
paid for. This list will be sent to
you regularly, If you make appli-
cation for 1t to the secretary of agrl-
culture, Washington, d. G. The pub
locations of the United States depart
ment of agriculture are divided into
two general classes. Those that are
distributed free of charge, such as
the farmers bulletins and the circu-
lars that are issued by the various de-
partments. 2. The bulletins that are
issued by the different bureaus and
departments, of which limited
edition only is printed, and for which
a nominal charge is made, to cover
the cost of printing.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-03-28
Muskrat determination.

MuSkfaI EAteTDtnhttoH
MY pond is afflicted with muskrats.
have done everything possible to
avoid them, excepting the sinking of
wire. Have you any suggestion to
make so that ] can relieve my low
lands OF these pests? What is good
book on water lilies? j. Il. i.
Waldwick.
The best way to get rid OF the
r7"slfrat is hv trapping. Some people
employ professional trappers, others
t1ce per head for each
animal caught on the premises, among
o. ,ouug lolK of the community, and
give them permission to set their
traps where they see fit. Use a steel
trap and set IT on one side Of the
entrance to the muskrat's hole There
is less chance of catching the musk
rat if it is in the centre. Shooting
with a small calibre rifle may also be
resorted to. But not all the muskrats
will be caught by these two methods.
Mr.. James Quincy, superintendent of
Tower Grove Park, st. Louis, Mo,
has found that safe means of pro-
tecting the roots of nymphaes and
nelumbiums is to place them in large,
shallow boxes, 3X2 feet deep, placing
slate two inches apart over the top.
The leaf and flower stalks can grow
up through the spaces. but the musk
rats cannot get in. We suggest that
you get Water Lilies and How to
Grow Them, published by Doubleday,
Page & Co, New York, price $L21,
postpaid, or Textbook of Water Car
dening," by A. r. De Lamare Print
ing and Publishing Company, New
York, price $3.50.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-03-28

have been wintered over IN tfSscolsAe
frame may be transplanteh in III Z
hotbed and forced into n Head. IL
The temperature should not E
allowed to go above 70 degrees inv
daytime nor below so at night.
can be kept down to 20, and, after I'll
seedlings have their second set d
leaves, to so, by fitting the sashes a.
the north ends or sliding them down
so as to leave an opening at the end
This will keep the plants from damp
ing off and make them short and
sturdy. Never in March or early
April take off a sash entirely, nor
even draw 1t down so as to leave
very wide opening, because chill
wind springing up will In short time
damage badly tomato and other ten
der plants. Sow the seed of the moro
tender plants in one part of the bed
and those of the harder in another,
and so are able to give the latter
always moist enough so that the
plant will not wilt, but not very wet.
Cover the sash every night with
straw or felt mats. and, If necessary.
keep the outside OF the frames banked
with manure or leaves. When the
plants are about two inches tall
transplant into the coldframes or into
shallow boxes or pots, and place these
into the coldframes.
If for any reason you did not select
the location for a hotbed and get a
frame last autumn, choose now site
with a southern aspect in a we'll
drained location, preferably where
there will be a building or wall on the
north, but far enough away to allow
four-foot passage between 1t and
the hotbed. Complete frames may be
bought, and this simplliies matters
very much,
On the selected site make an ex-
cavation two feet wider and two feet
longer than your frame and about
twenty inches deep. Now throw into
the bottom of this excavation CORN
stalks and other cleanings up of last
years garden crops. and, lastly.
coarse strawy manure IL convenient,
to the depth of about eight inches,
when spread evenly and stamped
down. This layer is not absolutely
necessary, but II helps drainage ana
| lessons tho amount of manure necesr
| sary to fill the excavation.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-03-28
Mailing a Tennis court.

In laying out a tennis court. how
should it face? How should a dirt
court be drained and the surface
finished? l.. NJ
Newark.
Unless the tennis court is especially
intended for morning play, which is
unusual, It should. where possible,
run north and south, In order to pro-
tect the players on both sides alike
from sun in the eyes. One way to
make a tennis court is as follows:
Plow the land from four to elk inches
deep; put the sods in loose piles, and
when they are dry burn them. Spread
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-03-28
Draining Land.

I have a lot S0X100 feet, the soil of
which is wet in spring and fall. No
thing grew more than six inches high
but sunfiowers and morning glories.
What shall / do with it? There are
some big trees on 1t.
Railway. NJ. Il. L.,
The first thing necessary to make
the land productive is to drain It..
This Is absolutely necessary. TO
drain off the surplus water, q ditch
could be dug from the lowest point
in the lot; but the better way, IL
you will not have trouble with your
neighbour Is TO tile drain it. Rows
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-03-28

Please tell me Of what the antisep-
tic wash used when repairing old
trees is composed.
Elizabeth, G. NJ. A.
The antiseptic wash which is used
on trees before filling with concrete
may be anything which will kill
germs, Ike q weak solution of cor
rosiye sublimate, say one part OF
corrosive siblimate to three or four
thousand of WATER. You can get
little tablets at the drug store. which
will give you, WIN put into a pint
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-03-28

of tile drains, twenty or thirty feet
apart and leading to the low point
of the land, should be put in. These
should be about two-inch tile. A
three-inch tile should be put in, to
carry away the water the smaller
tiles collect. A small amount of lime
would be beneficial-one or two bar,
rels on your piece Of ground would
hi. sufficient
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-03-28
ASK THE QUESTION Box
What You Want TO Know About Gardening Poultry and Coun
try Problems Answered by Experts

This service requisite full and com
a,. answer side Of
and give address, initials only
relates to diseased
a the plant etem and ieaves
Question The Evening star
Nd
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-03-28

Nolrs Catalog of Seeds. Plants and Bulbs
is Trustworthy guide for dependable varie-
ties. 1t contains 112 pages, with beautiful
Illustrations from photographs and Is book
of valuable and reliable information with
many suggestions. The cataiog will be gladly
sent to all who appreciate QUALITY in seeda.
A postcard win bring Il.
j. r. NOLL & CO.,
1l6 Mulberry street. Newark. ". q |
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-03-28

the residue over the court and pound
or roll II down. On light, sandy soils
dig out the soil to four or six inches
deep, I'LL in with clnders, and, after
they have been rolled into shape,
cover with boiling pitch. Before this
hardens cover IL with fine ash or sand
or a mixture of both, to which cement
has been added, and roll it down.
Begonis Leaves Turn Brown.
What is the cause of the leaves OF
Rex begonias turning brown?
Newark MRS. J. NJ. L.
There are several things that cause
the browning of the leaves. One OF
them Is the burning of the leaves by
the sun. This is caused by the in
qualities of the surfaces of the glass
making lens like places which focus
the suns rays on the leaves burning
them Water on the leaves viii also
cause the same trouble. But where Rex
begoniaS are grown in a humid at
mosphere, and if an even temperature
of about 80 or SIS degrees at night is
maintained, with q raise Of ten or
fifteen degrees during the daytime,
and if they are shaded from the
direct rays of the sun, there should be
no trouble in producing plants with
good leaves. The soil must contain
considerable humus. This may be
supplied by adding peat or leaf-mold
at the time of mixing. A good
formula is one part each of sand,
well-rotted sod and well-deeayed
horse manure, and two part of leaf
mold A littel charcoal In the soil
will keep it sweet. Very little, how
ever, of this is necessary; only a
half-dozen pieces the size Of the end
Of ones little finger in a four-inch
pot Is sufficient.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-03-28

of water, a solution of 1850. Copper
sulphate (blue stone) is also some
times used for this purpose; one
re'i~' - ten gallons of water would
ha sufficient
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-03-28

Now is the time to prune black
berries and draw off the brush to be
burned. If you want to take up the
plants, try wire trellis, the same as
used for grapes, placing one wire
two and one-half feet high.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-03-28

Tomatoes in the coldframe or hot
bed should be transplanted to paper
pots as soon as they have good root
growth.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-03-28

Be sure that your pepper plants get
careful attention, especially as to
water Transplant TO paper or clay
pots and be sure that the pots are
large enough.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-03-28

As soon as the ground can be
worked sow radish seeds. Use tho
turnip- rooted varieties for the early
crop. They will mature in twenty
days. If you want earlier crops SOW
the seeds in the eoldframe.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-03-28

Sow spinach seeds as soon as possl-
BILE, planting Long Standing or a SINH
lar heat-resisting variety, for early
summer use.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-03-28

Sitting hens leave their nests if
lousy,-seldom for any other reason.
Use live powder literally whenever
you set u hen, and at other times
also
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-03-28

Be sure to water carefully the egg
plants that have been soWn earlier
as check to their growth now
would be serious. Transplant to
either paper or clay pots. but be sure
the pots are large enough.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-03-28

ing and salads. The plants will be
ready in two weeks. Successive SOW
ings should be made SO long as they
are wanted.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-03-28

Figure out about how many broods
of chicks there will be, and get the
spring coops and fittings cleaned up
and In working order. Chickens will
soon be plenty and time scarce.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-03-28

Spade a good dressing of manure
into the asparagus bed. This work
must be done carefully, so as not to
injure the crowns.
4 small amount of cress and mus
fard saeds will he usefuI for season.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-03-28

Try q row of Swiss chard this year
in the garden. One row will supply
an ordinary family with green's all
summer.