davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening journal., 1914-09-23
CITY NOT liable
FOR MOB Damage
Solicitor Also In OrmS P 1lice
Commission Lii emen Are
Without Authority to Arrest
FIRE SERVICE
IS DISCUSSED

City Solicitor Daniel o. Hastings in
a communication received by the Police
Commissioners yesterday, set forth that
the city is not liable for damage to
private property committed by a mob.
This opinion was given in response to
a communication sent. TO Council by
Antonio Salvatore, of No. 2I7 West
Eleventh street, whose windows were
broken out of his home during the race
riots last month. Council sent to the
Police Commissioners the letter which
asked them to pay for the damages.
City Solicitor Hastings set forth that
it is well settled point in law that
the city cannot be held responsible for
damage done by mob.
This information was news to the
commissioners, as the city several years
ago paid for a window that had been
broken by a prisoner in scufie with
Patrolman Bradford. It was decided
to send copy OF the opinion to Saliva
tore.
The commissioners had also asked
MI. HASTINGS lot an opinion as 10 lne
authority of the city linemen in max
ing arrests. He replied that the line
men are members of the police force
only so far as they participate in the
police pension fund and that to give
them authority to make arrests it
would require special act of the Legis
lature. He said there is no law under
which the board can empower the line
men to make arrests The board will
ask Mr.. Hastings if the linemen can
not be deputized as specials, the same
as is done in the Street and Sewer De-
partment.
The commissioners discussed the ne
cessity for having the patrol respond
to fire alarms. In the past three months
it has gone to l3 fire alarms and only
once was it necessary to put up the
ropes it carries. The department is
without a patrol at such times. 1t
was decided to have Chief of Police
George Black and Fire Chief Magil
confer relative to having the hose
wagons OF the fire companies carry
ropes to all fires, and then the .po-
licemen will put them up.
Evening journal., 1914-09-23
RETURNS FROM WORK HORSES
Many Little Points Are Enumerated
That VIII Lessen Cost Of Animal
Labor on the Farm.

CBy A. II. BENTON, Assistant iAkricul-
turist. University Farm, Paul.
Mimi
One Of the most frequent sources OF
loss on the farm is insufficient return
from work horses.
Have you satisfied yourself on the
following points?
Do your horses earn enough to pay
for their feed and care, and enough
to meet the interest depreciation and
other expenses, as harness costs and
sboeing?
Il costs 500 annually to keep the
average horse, in Minnesota, but this
horse works only a little more than
three hours each working day. This
makes the horse labor cost approx
mately ten cents an hour
DO you handle the horse labor on
your farm so that the annual cost Of
keeping your horse is less than the
average, or so that the number Of
hours worked is greater? Both meth
DDS will reduce the cost Of the horse
labor. but the latter offers by far the
greatest opportunity
Can you revise your cropping sys-
tenn so that fewer work horses viii be
needed, or so that the work will be
more equally distributed and thus
make It possible to employ them more
hours each year?
Can you raise colts and thus reduce
the cost OF keeping your horses?
Can you arrange to use your work
horses for outside work when not busy
on the farm?
Can you reduce the cost OF keeping
each horse by feeding less feed or
cheaper feed and still give proper
| ration?
Farm work done with fewer horses
means a saving Of 500 a year for
each horse not needed.
Evening journal., 1914-09-23
JAIL SENTENCES
FOR MORE OFFENDERS

In County Court yesterday after
noon, Edward Ryan was convicted OF
the charge of the larceny Of several
chisels and a pair of scales, of the
aggregate value of S1.25, from Harry
Pogash, on July Z. He was sentenced
to serve six months in the workhouse.
to pay rs cents restitution money. ano
to pay the costs of prosecution.
Robert Taylor was convicted of the
charge of breaking into the residence
of Charles R.. Reed, Twenty-seventh
and Harrison streets. on July A, and
was sentenced TO serve is months in
the workhouse and to receive 10 LASH
es.
Frank Grey convicted on the charge
of the larceny of $50 in money from
John w. Johnson, was sentenced to
serve two years in the workhouse ana
to receive 10 lashes.
Chester R. Ranck pleaded guilty 70
the charge of the larceny of two
pieces of timber from the Baltimore
and Ohio Railroad Company. He was
sentenced to serve three months in the
workhouse.
Isaac Christy, a negro, convicted Of
from Thomas Hamilton, was sentenc-
ed to serve three months in the work
house.
Joseph McKeown pleaded not guilty
to the charge of the larceny of As
cents. Robert Johnson entered a plea
of not guilty to the larceny of nine
chickens.
Lawrence Gardner pleaded not
guilty to the charge Of carrying con-
cealed deadly weapon. Max Davis
entered a plea of not guilty to the
charge of highway robbery. Charles
d. Keen, alias Charles Smith pleaded
not guilty to the charge of bigamy
The following indictments were
rendered by the Grand Jury yester-
day afternoon:
Larceny-Joseph McKeown, Joseph
Eckstein, Zalmore Lewis, Robert
Johnson.
Assault with intent to commit muir
der-John Mock, Frank Joskett.
Assault with intent to commit rob-
bery-Frank Joskett.
Evening journal., 1914-09-23
vETcH IS IMPORTANT CROP
lts More General Growth Would Aid
Materially In Live Stock Indus
try-Also Improves Soil.
CBy A. sMITH.)

vetch should occupy an important
place in the agriculture of those states
where Il can be raised with success.
In four years comparisons on over
500 fields. vetch has consistently made
heavier growths and greater yields
than crimson clover, red clover. or
bur clover, although under favorable
conditions these have done well
vetch is high in protein content, is
a good hay, pasture, and soiling crop.
and its more general growth would
aid in the development OF the live
stock industry and remove much OF
the existing necessity for buying hay.
Vetoh is used as a cover crop to pre-
vent the teaching and washing of soils.
Like all legumes, It improves land by
adding nitrogen and organic matter
to the soils. AS 1t grows through the
winter and spring and may be har-
vested in time TO plant corn or cow
peas on the same land, II should be
used in building up impoverished soils
and in maintaining the productivity
of the land. The vetch crop does not
Evening journal., 1914-09-23
Waate d Rsrnyard Manurs.

nmhie. hold II back with 1-inch
ards braced against the forms. To
ep out floor water, the pit may be
tended 6 inches above the ground by
ing fhe lower half Of a 1-foot board
holp back the dirt. by allowing the
nainder to project above the ground
7el. and by adding 6 inches to the
ieht Of the inside form. Remove
Ae forms after the concrete has set
pr days by first drawing the nails
the corner ? by As. The pit may
used after 10 days
Where the manure must be stored
a considerable length OF time,
.ger PATS or basins are required.
ch pits are seldom made over feet
% and are wide enough SO that the
znure may be loaded on a spreadeI
the. pit and drawn up a roughened
ncrete incline or run. The slope fol-
CD z run must not be sleeper thar
foot4up to feet out
In kuilding a manure basin use
am With a plow and scraper to max
earthen pit In which TO build
pcrete basin OF the clear dimension
own In laying out the earthen pii
ar II mind that the concrete wall
noor are inches thick and max
allowance for the same With
ade Trim the sides and the deep en-
rtical
IN osder TO form a sump hole froE
Evening journal., 1914-09-23
.HAGLEY COMMUNITY
HOUSE NOTES

The Hagley Branch of the National
Congress of Mothers will meet in the IL
brarv at Hagley Community House at
2.3O o'clock tomorrow afternoon. There
will be a business meeting, new mem-
hers NAV be received and the program
will consist of short readings and dis
cussions on what One Woman Can
Do for Her Home Town." "Do We Need
Education for ParenthoodT 'Why
Mothers Should Organize" "Heroines
of the Hearthstone," and the current
topics report by the chairman of the
local committee on current topics, Mrs.
Krauss.
At $50 o'clock Saturday the Ha-
Colo Camp Fire will meet at Hagley
House to 90 on hike for the day. Each
girl is requested TO bring two raw po-
tatoes. an ear of corn, bread, butter
and salt. and five cents. The main part
of the dinner will be cooked by the
two wood gatherers, to win one of the
required honors for the next rank. At
Ter dinner a ceremonial meeting will
be held. honors and wood gatherers'
rank awarded to those who deserve it..
If the weather is unfavorable the cere-
monial meeting viii be held at Hagley
House at 3 o'clock. Candidates for
admission also are requested TO be
present on the hike OF at the meet
ing.
Evening journal., 1914-09-23
ARRANGE FOR WINTER
TASK SHOULD BE PERFORMED
WHILE WEATHER is WARM.
Each Hive Should 30 Examined to As.
certain II Required Stores Are on
Hand-There Is Nothing Bet
ter Than Sealed Honey.
CRy F. q. HERMANO


n there is one item above another
having great Importance in the winter
ing problem, II is the securing OF the
winter stores near and about the clus'
ter OF bees in time for them to settle
down into that quiescent state so con-
ducive to good wintering, prior to the
middle Of October. in the more north
ern localities.
To arrange these stores properly
and seal them, requires warm weather
hence all will see the fallacy OF put
ting of caring for them until cold
weather arrives. To be sur' that
all have the desired amount Of stores
there is only one certain way to do,
and that is to open the hives and take
out each frame.
II. after going over a hive and
weighing each comb. find that there
is % pounds OF actual stores. call
that hive or colony all right for win
ter. II less It must be fed the den
cheney; II more, It can spare some to
help another colony which is lacking
IN the amount In this way the whole
aplary should be gone over.
Colonies left on the summer stand
require anywhere from 20 to 30 pounds
Of good food for successful wintering
A little In excess OF this will do no
harm, but on the contrary will stimu-
late the colony in building up faster
in the following spring
II one has on hand some sealed
combs OF honey, a few Of them can be
distributed among the light colonies,
but in the absence OF these II will be
necessary to feed liquid honey OF a
sirup made OF sugar and water
DO not think OF using anything but
the best granulated sugar. When bees
can fly all the time, you can safely
feed them anything. But when they
cannot ny. there is nothing better than
sealed honey. When you cannot have
that use a sirup OF granulated sugar
II the feeding can be attended to
while the weather is still warm, the
sirup may not be quite so thick, say
about 2 pounds Of sugar to one pint
OF water, which will make pounds o.
sirup.
II the feeding Is deferred until COO
weather has set IN, the sirup will, o
necessity. have to be a somewha
thicker consistency. for the bees vii
not be able 70 evaporate the super
fiuous water out OF II.
In making the sugsr-sirup be care
full not to burn Il while boiling. Il
fact Il need not be boiled at all; Jus
pour the boiling water over the suga
and stir until thoroughly dissolved
when cool 1t is ready to give to tn
bees.
IL is claimed by some beekeeper
that IL a few tablespoonfuls Of extract
ed honey are added TO the sugar slruI
It win prevent Il granulating IN tn
comb. but there is little danger O
this anyway. II there are weak lot
just unite two or more together, n
moving the least valuable queen.
The bees Of two lots may be unite
. peaceably by sprinkling them thinl
with sugar sirup favored with peppe
mint, and then placing the frame
Z with adhering bees alternately in
Evening journal., 1914-09-23

fresh hive. The stronger the colony
and the bees the less is the honey
consumed.
This appears strange. but II is quite
true; small lot OF bees in a hive
containing several combs are restless,
with the consequence that they con-
sumo money to raise the temperature
lowered by the cool air surrounding
them.
The food supply may be ample
owing to a particularly favorable sea-
son after the supers have been re-
moved, but even II feeding has to be
resorted to, very little time will be
needed to perform this part Of the
work
In order 10 obtain young bees for
wintering. a supply Of sugar. given at
the close OF the honey flow, will prob
ably be all that is necessary TO con-
tinue breeding up to the middle OF
September. when whatever further
supply is needed TO make the colony
safe for winter can be given in the
form OF sirup.
Evening journal., 1914-09-23

For maintaining or restoring the
rtilit OF the fields there Is nothing
,ter tnan harnyard manure. BY the
.dinary methods Of piling manure on
~ ground or storing It in wooden
.rs or boxes. 30 TO 80 per cent OF
fertility is lost according to the
8. Department Of Agriculture
bis loss Is brought about In two
avs. First. by teaching or washing
ie to heavy rains; second. by fer
qntation or heating caused by lack
sufIicient moisture. Since concrete
Is are waterproof, manure may be
spt in them as moist as may be
tsary and such an enormous
asts in the fertility OF the manure
say thus be entirely prevented. One
ad of manure from a concrete pit
worth ~ to ? loads OF manure as
uany stored Moreover, with con-
etc pits the supply Of manure Is
creased by all the liquid manure
rchest part, from the barn gut
rs and feeding floors.
shallow manure pits do very we'll
hert the manure can be frequently
ruled to the fields. The walls and
,or should be inches thick. The
ear dimensions OF the pit are;
spth. feet: width. eeet; length,
feet. Dig the trench 8 feet inches
sep by s feet 10 inches by ~ feet
inches. BY keeping the sides YER
,al only an inside form win be
,edtd. Frame the sides and ends
parately. For the sides cut the
Dch siding ~ feet long and nail
10 the four by inch uprights 3
et long and equally spaced. The end
+ rights for the sides are 2 by inch
scos nailed nat TO the siding: the
herh are also 2 by but are nailed
edge. II is not necessary to cut
ose uprights 70 exact lengths; they
az Be allowed to extend above the
sing Make the siding for the end
ctlons OF the form feet 2 inches
ng and at the ends nail Il to the
ee sof two by inch uprights
ace single by upright between
oh end pair Cut four cross braces
70 10 inches long. from 2 by inch
nbers Have el gh sections oi
,ven-wire fencing. ~ feet long. L
ver the bottom OF the pit
Set up the orms on the finished
or so as 10 allow a 5-inoh wall oi
sides. Join them by mailing to
4 ther the by As at the corners o
A sides and ends DO not drive tn
4 ils 'home. Cross-brace with by a
ID with 1-inch boards from each cer
Al end upright to the second side VI
sht.
Quickly begin filling the forms wit
ncrete almost wet enough TO pou
ID keep It practically the sam
light on all sides. Puddle the CO..
etc by running a long paddle u
ID down next to the form. DO M
nch the earthen wall. Dirt In n
ncrete may make a poor wall.
top Of the earthen wall tends
Evening journal., 1914-09-23
slue orpInston Hen.

the price is low. while in country
neighborhoods there is little or none
OF 1t for sale.
This skim milk is also fine for pigs
and calves. and every near-the-city
poultryman should have at least one
pig fattening in a little pen with a
concrete bottom somewhere on his
premises. II is easy to keep such a
pen clean and sanitary in a city where
II can be flushed with a hose and
washed out every day or two.
A pig will fatten on stun which
otherwise is thrown away, just as 100
or 200 chickens can be kept on the
acre lot at an an absurdly small ex
pense.
Evening journal., 1914-09-23

which the liquid manure can be
pumped. in one corner at the deep end
Of the pit dig a hole IS inches deep
by 2lk feet in diameter. To protect
the concrete floor, at the upper end Of
the driveway excavate trench
inches wide and feet deep for a con-
crete foundation apron. Extend It
around the corners and slope Il up
ward to meet driveway incline.
In general, the framing of the forms
is similar to that Of shallow pits. II
the earthen walls stand firm, only an
inside form will be needed Other.
wise. build an outer form. For the
forms use 1-inch siding on by inch
studding spaced feet 8 inches.
These uprights need not be cut to
exact lengths. Save lumber by allow
ing them to extend above the siding.
Stiffen each section Of the form by
mailing a 2 by 4 inch scantling to the
nprights at the top and bottom Of the
fcrmE.
Erect the forms in the pit. Set
them on s-inoh concrete blocks or
bricks, so that the floor may be built
Evening journal., 1914-09-23
Many Valuable Tips for the Farmer Who
Would Keep Up With March of Progress
PICKED UP IN THE ORCHARD
Dressing Of Wood Ashes Beneficial
to All Fruit Trees-Bones Pro-
mote Growth and Vlgor.

A dressing Of wood ashes around the
fruit trees and grape vines is a bene-
fit. It supplies the loss Of the alkalis,
which arr largely consumed by fruit
dertroys the acidity in the soil and
tends to sweeten all kinds Of fruit.
Bones. old leather, refuse plaster
and soap suds. all constitute good fer
tilizer for the fruit trees.
Bones appear to be the best Of all
to promote permanent growth and Wig
OF in a tree.
A handful Of bone dust mixed with
the soil at the roots Of tree OF grape
vine will show its beneficial effects for
q number OF years.
When grapes or berries are too ten.
der and will not stand up in FIRST
class condition to pick and market, It
shows that the soil on which they
grow is deficient in potash.
The custom Of summer pruning Of
Evening journal., 1914-09-23

young trees so as to ripen the fruit
early is not approved by the most
skillful fruit growers and is only al
lowable when the intention is to
throw the whole force Of the sap into
those particular branches that 1t is
desired to train in some particular d.
rection.
No fruit ripens so we'll nor has so
fine a flavor when the foliage is in.
Jured by summer pruning. This fact
is observable in our apple, peach, and
pear orchards when the worms have
consumed the leaves on a limb. You
will always find the fruit on such a
branch of poor quality and inferior
flavor
The leaves are the lungs Of a plant
and are required to perform an impor-
tant function in ripening the fruit.
Evening journal., 1914-09-23
Source Of Disease.

This is the season when lice and
other vermin and parasites, internal
and external, seem to multiply marvel
ously, and as the animals are weak
ened by hot, dry weather and defect
i've water supply and unsanitary con-
ditions of pens and lots, we have a
combination Of dangers that every in.
telligent breeder appreciates and every
careless man ought to neglect no long
er Filth and vermin are prolific, a
source of'unthrift and disease.
Evening journal., 1914-09-23
skim MIIk for PIas on AIfaIfa.

Experiments at the New Mexico sta
tion indicate that skim milk is a valu-
able feed in connection with alfalfa
pastures. being worth ~ cents per
hundred pounds when fed alone, and
when corn is worth 56 cents per bush
el; and that it is worth rs cents per
hundred pounds when fed with corn
at the rate of two to three pounds Of
skim milk to one pound of corn. Com
pared with wheat, when fed alone.
seven to eight pounds Of skim milk
equaled one pound of wheat.
Evening journal., 1914-09-23
CHEAP POULTRY FEED
sU5URsAN'PoULTRYMAN HAS AD-
VANTAcEs OVER FARMER.
Much Waste In Cities in Form Of Gar
bage, stale Bread, 5uttermIlk and
Skim Milk Available at Very
Low Prices.
az IsAAc MoTEsO


. While the farmer-poultryman at q /
distance from the city has some ad- /
vantages over the near-city poultry. |
man, the latter is not as badly handi.
capped on his home acre as you might
think.
The farmer can. Of course, raise
most Of his feed, and his chickens
have plenty Of room to rustic their
foods in the fields. orchards, pasture
and barnyard. but on the other hand
tie suburban poltryman is much
closer to market and can take advan-
tage Of rush orders from merchants
either for eggs or dressed poultry, and
he is thus in position to get top mar
ket prices for the product Of his fiocks.
And the near-city poultryman can
get cheap feed II he knows how. for
there is so much waste in cities In the
form Of garbage, stale bread, butter
milk and skim milk. In a city con-
tanning a number Of bakeries a poul-
tryman can get large quantities of stale
bread merely for hauling It away, OF
II he pays for It, 1t will be only q
nominal sum.
have in mind now q woman In my
city who owns a restaurant, not q
very large one. either. She also has q
chicken farm about 10 miles from the
city. and she sends out to the farm
once a week from six to ten potato
sacks Of waste bread for her chickens
bread which but for utilizing Il thus
would be thrown away. The result is
that she makes a big profit on the
chickens and eggs she sells.
This bread ia exceedingly fine for
7 chickens, especially when soaked In
warm skim milk. slightly sweetened.
And It is as good for fattenins chick
ems as for brood hens and young chick.
ems. It is also fine for hogs.
Another kind Of chicken feed which
the near-city poultryman can get In
large quantities is fresh buttermilk in
cities where there are creameries or
butter companies.
Such companies sell a great deal Of
buttermilk, but nothing like as much
as they could sell. and a great deal OF
Il is turned into the sewer, so II a
poultryman with 200 or 800 chickens
wished to buy It in say flve-gallon lots
he would be able to get It very cheap
ly-perhaps for five cents a gallon, fol
J the buttermaker would surely prefer
selling it even at this price to throw
ing It away.
This buttermilk is especially good
for chickens cooped up to fatten fol
market, for the acid in the milk il
good for their digestion in the winter
when they cannot get green stuff, and
also while they are cooped up where
they cannot take exercise.
Very few things are as fattening al
slightly sour milk curds, sweetened
J heated to blood heat and with som'
refuse grease or meat drippings from
the kitchen added Such fat-makinl
! food Is better for fattening chickens
however, than for hens with broods
Another advantage the small poul
I tryman has near the city is that h
is accessible to dairies where he cal
, get skim milk from separators, whicl
is also exceedingly good for fattenini
chickens, in making up mashes of dii
= ferent kinds. The butter companie
> have a great deal Of it for sale, an
Evening journal., 1914-09-23
Humus Needed.

The amount Of water a soil will
hold against gravity depends upon
the type Of soil A clay soil composed
Of fine particles with very small spaces
will retain more water than a coarser.
sander soil composed Of larger par
ticles and larger spaces. Also. the
amount Of humus. or decomposed or
ganic matter, IN the soil influences
the water holding capacity. The more
humus in the soil, the more water It
win hold, providing the soil particles
are Of similar size.