davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-05-28
THE STABLE FLOOR.

The stall floor in the horse stable
should be level, inclined planes are in
furious. The horse is forced to stand
in cramped position and if continued
through a number of years generally
becomes permanently disabled. In
clined floors are usually constructed to
afford drainage, but it is much better
to supply enough bedding to absorb
all liquids than to have them seep
away and fern ent. later to aggravate
the horses eyes and :.ose by pungent
ammonia fumes. Nine feet by 4 u or
5 is about the proper .ize for stalls for
the working horses. Stalls should
never be six feet wide for then the
horses may turn and there is danger
Of casting.
The boards along the sides of the
stalls should run lengthwise in order
to prevent wounds from slivers.
Boards running up and down break
easier and are not as flexible. 1t does
not matter so much what sort OF a
floor is put in as the care taken OF IT.
Plenty of bedding must be used at all
times. If cement is used, rough finish
it to prevent slipping and Gripping
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-05-28
Dampness in the
Poultry House
Will Cause Diseas,

The modern poultry house usually
depends upon ventilation to prevent
it from becoming uncomfortable from
excessive humidity. which is an ex-
ceedingly difficult thing to do during
a prolonged period of damp weather.
Litter is usually Of such material that
it absorbs water readily and at such
times as mentioned above becomes in
tolerably damp. Because Of the fowls
close and constant contact damp litter
causes more colds and cases Of roup
than extremely low temperatures, and
is on that account most damaging to
the health of the fowls which can en-
dure dirty litter almost to the point of
filthiness with less harmful effect.
Remove the damp litter at once
even though it has just been put in
No litter at all would be better than
damp litter. Occasionally, one must
expect to find the weather against him
Even poultrymen cannot expect to
find it all sunshine. Make the best OF
it and supply new and dry litter at
tritling cost rather tlan sustain big
losses in fowls or egg production
probably both.-A. G. Smith.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-05-28
White Cabbage Butterflies.

pests that the cabbage grower has to
contend with unless measures are
taken to prevent its ravages. and hap
PLY this is a matter of no great diff
Guilty. The butterfly lays her eggs on
the leaves Of the food-plant; the cater
pillars are velvety green and almost
exactly the color Of the leaves upon
which they are feeding: when at rest
they lie at length upon the midr1b and
are not easily seen. There are two
broods in the year, the latter being
much the more numerous, and some
times a third brood, If the autumn
should be fine and warm. The cater
pillars riddle the outer leaves and then
burrow into the heads devouring the
substance and spelling the plant for
table use by their excrement. Besides
cabbages and cauliflowers they also
attack mignonette and nasturtiums.
Pyrenthum powder Is thoroughly eff
fective. One pound should be mixed
with four pounds of cheap flour and
kept in an air-tight jar or canister for
"a hours so the poison may be thor
oughly incorporated with the flour.
The plants infested should be busted
with the mixture with small bellows
or in a cheesecloth bag tapped lightly
with slender rod. This powder will
kill insects hut is harmless to human
beings. Premium POWDER ounces
dissolved in three gallons Of luke
warm water used as spray. will kill
All the caterpillars it reaches at once.
Paris green and other virulent poisons
should never be applied to cabbages
and vegetab ies Of any kind that are
intended for table use.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-05-28
PrOfit-nnaking stock.

suits In this class we have the Ply
mouth Rocks, Wyandottes, Rhode Is
land Reds. and Orpingtons. Good
stock of these varieties viii be found
to be good egg producers as we'll as
ma king fine table poultry.
The town or small lot poultryman
wants fowls that can be kept in small
quarters and stand confinement we'll.
The Leghorns, being light, active birds,
are hard to keep in small yards. and
high fences are necessary. On ac-
count Of their active, nervous DISPOSE
ton they do not do as we'll under these
conditions as where they have album
dant range and the benefit derived
from their good foraglng qualities is
lost.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-05-28
What Causes
Hog Cholera

Hog cholera is caused by a germ
that exists in the blood. It is an or
ganlsm apparently SO small that the
most powerful microscopes do not
show it. However, it is easy to demon
strate Its presence by inoculating a
small part of the blood from a sick
nog into we'll one, which produces
the hog cholera.
hog cholera is disease which
seems to be stopped to a degree by
the frosts of winter, although frost
cannot be said to stop case after it
has taken hold Of its victim How
ever, 1t seems to prevent the rapid
spread of the disease. The result Is
that In spring time the affection is as a
rule at the lowest ebb but increases
rapidly from that time until fall.
Hog cholera does not seem to affect
any particular breed of hogs more
than another. and while generally the
careless farmer is more apt to have
the disease among his hogs than the
careful one, the disease sometimes
occurs where the conditions are sani-
tary. 1t Is hoped that the work Of
eXterminating cholera may be extend
ed gradually until the disease is COM
pletely controlled or eliminated. The
fact that hog cholera is carried not
only by the hogs themselves. but by
birds, dogs. streams and even on the
feet Of men going from one farm to
another shows how necessary it is that
the campaign now being carried on
in many parts Of the country be
thorough and that farmers exert their
best efforts to assist in the work.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-05-28

Sticky fly paper has some adVan-
tages and some disadvantages. A few
saucers containing a mixture OF one
pint of water. one tablespoonful OF
formaldehyde Commonly known as
formalin). and one TABLESPOONFUL or
sugar will be ef1icacious, if not much
water is exposed in the room.
The proposers recommend that
pieces of bread saturated with this So
luton be placed in plates and these
exposed in places inaccessible to chill
dren and domes animals.
When the place is not berg used 1t
should be darkened, whereupon fly pa
per, fly traps, or fly poison, placed
near an undarkened window, will be
doubly effective.
The Connecticut experiment station
has made some tests to determine how
thick,y populated with germs are flies
from different places. To begin with,
our old enemy the blue bottle fly, is
not much Of an enemy after all. In
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-05-28
Good Stock Necessary For Good Profits

for feeding fowls if it is kept in good
condition and nothing put with it
which would be injurious, such as tea
leaves, coffee grounds, or soapy water.
The farm fowls in many cases raise
their own young, and this eliminates
the egg breeds such as Leghorns or
Minorcas, which do not as rule. be-
come broody. If, however. incubators
are used and eggs are the principal
product wanted, especially if there is a
preference for white-shel'ed eggs,
these varieties will give good satisfac-
ton. For the average farm where
both eggs and market chickens are
wanted, one of the general purpose
breeds will probably give the best re-
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-05-28
THAT PEST - THE COCKROACH

That this pest has long been known
in this country Is evident from the fol-
lowing description written in 174S in
Catersby's Natural History of Caro-
lima:
The Cockroach.-These are very
troublesome and destructive verm1n,
and are SO numerous and voracious
that it is impossible to keep victuals
of any kind from being devoured by
them without close covering. They
are fiat, and so thin that few chests
or boxes can exclude them. They eat
not only leather, parchment, and
wooden, but linen and paper. They
disappear in winter and appear most
numerous in the hottest days in sum-
mer. 1t is at night they commit their
depredations, and bite people In their
beds, especially children's fingers that
are greasy. They lay innumerable
eggs, creeping into the holes Of old
walls and rubbish, where they lie tor
pid all the winter. Some have wings
and others are without-perhaps OF
different sexes.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-05-28

In addition, biting flies worry stock
so much that they cannot work ef-
ficiently. Animals get thin and milk
cows sometimes go off 40 to 60 per
cent in the amount of milk produced
F. G. Bishopp, of the United States
bureau of entomology, tells us that the
stable fly breeds largely in straw. Old
strawstacks in the fields are the worst
offenders. Bishopp's advice is to burn
these stacks or else to spread the straw,
and plow it in deep. When heavy
rain falls on freshly thrashed straw
conditions for fly breeding are at their
worst. Manure containing straw is
another breeding place of Importance.
To keep the flies off, Bishop advises
mixture of fish oil Gone gallon), oil
OF pine tar 1.-TWO ounces), oil of penny
royal 1.-TWO ounces), and kerosene
(one-half a pint).
The fish-oil mixture, if faithfully an
pied VII. serve as repellant against
h1es as long as it retains its effective
ness.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-05-28

flies that get into q we'll screened house
can be swatted, or caught with paper,
or killed with poison.
Where the doors are opening con-
stantly, screens are sometimes OF
little service and sometimes none at
all. Under these circumstances. what
is to be done?
Usually it will be possible to protect
the food supply with cases. screens, or
mosquito bar Anything kept in the
icebox viii be protected. Flies sud
denly entering an atmosphere of 60
will escape if they can. If not. they
slow up. At about As they lose their
ability to fly At 81, five degrees be-
low freezing, most Of them die.
The best method of Kidding dairy
barn, milk house. or store OF hles VIII
depend on the number present and on
ether considerations. When flies are
abundant the use of fly traps IS the
most effective method.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-05-28
Deep Burrows
BY GUM.
BY GUM.
1t is bad form % sleep in church but
it shows an easy conscience

1t is bad form % sleep in church but
sometimes it shows an easy conscience
Whatever else you fail to do don't
fail to read the fine print in the
Agents contract.
The COW that produces only 100
pounds of butter year has missed her
calling. She should have been a steer
The helpful hen not only buys the
family groceries and clothes the chill
dren, but also lifts the mortgage on
the farm-if there is one to lift.
In taking on any new kinds of farm
ing go slow-"Great oaks from little
acorns" you know!
A big bank account alone will not
bring peace of mind
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-05-28
s.e-.tt ~ ., ;r: g.. ;E.-. 49, q.
s!sn- a. "a. IVA, - $500 X : :. ss''

One of the most common and widely
distributed of household pests is the
common fly This insect, which mas
been given but little consideration until
recently now attracts wide attention
on account of the fact that'lt is a con-
veyor of all sorts OF diseases. Besides
carrying germs of typhoid fever, dys-
EMERY, cholera, and numerous other
dreaded diseases, it is possible that II
may also carry smallpox, leprosy'
plague, erysipelas, and other germs.
The best fly preventive is to prevent
fly breeding. The second best Is to
keep things so clean as to prevent fly
feeding. The third best thing is to
defend one.elf against the flies that
have come. Sometimes it will be pos
sible to screen them away. This works
we'll enough with dwellings. The few
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-05-28
Preventing Depredations By Crows and Hawks

poultryman has to contend with is the
continued loss of chicks, and some
times even Of nearly full-grow birds,
as Consequence Of the depredations of
natural enemies. 1t is safe to say
that the magnitude of the loss from
this source is not anything like fully
realized by anyone who has not kept
an accurate account of all his birds.
In the experimental work with poul-
try at the Maine station. record Of
every bird is kept. In this way it has
been possible to check up and form
an adequate estimate of the losses due
to the creatures that prey upon poul-
try, and, Of necessity, a good deal of
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-05-28

solid food like bread meat, and sugar
to spread typhoid is through the help
of flies A mans water faucet taps the
same pipe as that of another man, q
mans milk bottle is filed from the
same can as anothers-but the only
link between two mems bread is our
enemy, the Fly. If the one has a COM
municable disease. the fly, forgetting
all about quarantine travels with his
saddle bags loaded with germs from
him who hath to him who hath not.
Swat the fly early and late" is what
the health officials Of the city Of Chi
cago are endeavoring to have the resi-
dents of that city do in an effort to
prevent the spreading Of disease by
the little pests
Some of the truths which the health
officials are endeavoring to bring home
are set forth in the following para
graphs.
Bread makes a fine foot wipe for
flies"
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-05-28
"F1ies Peddle, So Paddle"

"F1ies Peddle, So Paddle"
"Flies will eddie, peddle, peddle-
Unless you paddle, paddl-, paddle.
Get busy. Keep busy"
IF at first you don't succeed, swat,
swat again.
In fighting lies, it is most important
to concentrate attention on fly breed
ing places. Next in importance comes
fly feeding places. Flies require such
an enormous volume Of FOO that we
can accomplish something by keeping
things free from fly food. Most inn
portant is care of the garbage-no
garbage on the ground, a clean can
well covered and frequent removal
But efforts toward dimin shing fly
food should not stop at garbage. Ex-
posure Of foods to the flies in stores
must be stopp ;. Confectionery, fruits,
vegetables, meats, and general bulk
groceries must not be exposed. In
some states. laws covering this point
are enforced. In others they are a
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-05-28

dead letter. What's the use of fly
posters and widely heralded fly cam
paigns If the law relating to fly food
is not enforced?
1t is advised that housewives sprin
kle solution of one part of tornado
hyde to ten parts of water in their
garbage containers during the warm
months, to kill not only odors, but flies
and vermin.
When Rosenau discovered that
stable flies could carry infantile paraly-
sis, the interest in this fly increased
materially. The farmers already knew
of the harm from this fly. In addi-
ton to spreading infantile paralysis,
Jennings and King of the bureau of
entomology say it may spread pellagra
The diseases of domestic animals
spread by it are anthrax, swamp fever
CHAMBERS, septicemia, surra, souma
and, maybe, round worm.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-05-28
For the Housewives
Scrap-book
Two cups-1 pound.

Two cups-1 pound.
Four cups pastry -four pound
Three and seven ighths cups whole
wheat flour-1 pound.
Four and one-half cups graham
flour-1 pound.
Two and three-fourths cups corn
neal pound.
Four and one-third cups rye meal
Il pound.
Two cups finely chopped meat
pound.
Two and two-thirds cups oat meal
Il pound.
Four and .three-fourths cups rolled
oats-1 pound.
One and seven-eighths cups rice--1
pound.
Two cups granulated sugar - 1
pound.
Two and two-thirds cups powdered
sugar. pound.
Three and one-half cups confection-
ers sugar. pound.
Two and two-thirds cups brown
sugar. pound.
Four saltspoons-1 teaspoon.
Three teaspoons-1 tablespoon.
Sixteen tablespoons cup.
One wine glass-one-half gill.
Two tablespoons butter-1 ounce
Two tablespoons graduated sugar
ounce.
Four tablespoons hour-1 ounce.
One cup stale bread crumbs
ounces.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-05-28
A GOOD RATION.

A good ration for a horse that Is
troubled with indigestion Is mixed as
follows: Ground oats and corn. five
pounds each; four ounces Of oil meal,
two ounces Of salt, dessertspoonful
Of powdered gentian and small tea
spoonful of dried sulphate of iron. If
the animal refuses the ration a little
starvation will make him taste it
when his dislike will cease. Begin
with small quantity Of this ration
for each meal and increase it grad
ually until full ration is being fed.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-05-28

"cluster-cup" stage or the spring form.
In this stage the spores are produced
in cup-shaped pustules which are
grouped in oval clusters and are
orange yellow when mature. This
stage is seldom noticed by asparagus
growers.
The second or summer stage Is the
one usually first noticed by the grow
ers, and called by them "red-rust" on
account Of the elongated reddish
brown pustules which are seen break
ing through the skin of the stem. In
these pustules reddish one-celled
spores are produced, known as uredo-
spores. 1t is the summer or "red-
rust stage that the disease spreads
most rapidly and appears to do the
greatest amount of harm.
Towards fall, or whenever tbs vital
ity of the asparagus plants is reduced,
the third and final stage, known as the
"black rust" or winter stage appears,
due to the fact that the red spores in
the pustules are replaced by dark
brown, two-celled. thick walled spores.
These terminate in the spring and pro-
duce the first stage again.
Rust may be largely controlled by
spraying with resin Bordeaux from
July to September, at intervals of ten
days or two weeks. This is difficult
and rather costly undertaking and will
hardly pay except on large areas.
busting with flowers Of sulphur has
given good results. Cutting and burn
ing all the diseased stems will help
to keep the rust in check. Rust re-
sistant varieties should be planted.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-05-28
hey have many germ diseases of their

they have many germ diseases of their
own.
There are epiden.ics affecting flies as
well as epi1emics affected by flies. But
what matters it if a few millions are
killed by germs when so many millions
can quickly breed? Nothing with the
feeding and breeding power Of fly is
at any great disadvantage from germs.
1t is the human being that expects to
produce but few of it's kind that must
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-05-28

No girl should be in haste TO marry
Mere children, unused 10 the Worlo
ways, rush into matrlmony ana suller
years of disappointme:-- and III health
ard sorrow. Mothers, keep close 10
your daughters and guide them When
most they need 1t.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-05-28

alive.
as they affect the food. They do not
start any disease. They serve to carry
them from ore place to another. One
farmer may get typhoid in his milk
and then spread typhoid to a hundred
farmers milk by emptying it into
common vat. From this common vat
500 consumers may. obtain their milk
Thus typhoid may be spread all over
town. But about the only chance for
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-05-28

attention has been devoted to the
problem Of how these losses may be
cut down.
In the experience Of the above sta
ton the most destructive natural en-
envy Of poultry has been found to be
the crow. The depredations of the
hawks are more spectacular perhaps.
but in the long run far less destructive.
A hawk will only visit a poultry yard
occasionally, and especially if he is
shot at once or twice will be wary
about approaching it again. On the
contrary the crow is steady and per-
sistent robber. He will continue his
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-05-28

Why should any farmer give ground
COON to trees that do not produce the
interest on the value Of the land when,
by the use Of a few dollars worth Of
spraying material and bit of muscle
he can bring them up to a paying
productiveness?
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-05-28

Many a woman is petted and cod
died by her doctor. who charges a
$3.50 per- and then becomes an IN
valid, who is not sick. because she gets
no sympathy from her husband.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-05-28

Do not get overanXious and feed the
young lambs grain before they can di-
gest It, Some lambs. if their dams
do not give enough milk. will eat a;
eight or ten days Old They should not
be fed so young as it makes them I'M
thrifty, pot-bellied runts. Give the
feed to their mothers.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-05-28

Good looks are greatly to be desired.
vet the most unselfish. loyal, helpful
man we ever knew was bowleSged
and had wen right in the middle OF
his forehead.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-05-28

One good point in favor Of the sep
arator is its ability to get practically
all the cream Of the milk which no
other system of dreaming does SO
thoroughly; then the separator takes
the cream from new milk before dis
agreeable or injurious odors or taints
have become present.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-05-28

BY the eradication Of the cattle tick.
the use of good, pure bred beef bulls.
the Improvement Of the pasture lands.
and a closer study of the cattle bust
ness, the south will develop into "a
great cattle raising section. and should
contribute largely to the supply Of
meat in the next two decades. In no
case should high-priced. high bred
stock be brought from tick-free terri
tory until the farm upon which they
are to be kept has been rid Of ticks.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-05-28

If the root system of tomato plants
is not disturbed throughout its growth.
it will bear the largest and earliest
crop.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-05-28

If the strawberries were set in the
spring. do not let tESm blossom this
year. Pinch off every blossom as soon
as it appears.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-05-28
A Cabbage Pest.

The white cabbage butterfly which
came to US from Europe about fifty
years ago, is now one of our common
est butterflies. and may be seen fitting
about everywhere from early spring
until late fail. It is one Of the worst
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-05-28

We do not need formal introduce
ton to put us in the way of doing a
charitable act
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-05-28

Some people spend all their monsy
and wear themselves out accommodating
lot of things to make them comfort
able but which only add to their un-
happiness.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-05-28

It is a mistake to feed constituting
food and do nothing to correct It,
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-05-28
Asparagus Rust.
BY G. j. Bethune.

Asparagus rust is very common
disease and is familiar to every grower
OF this vegetable. It has three dis
tinct stages The first is known az the
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-05-28

The dairy cows stable should COM
bine warmth. ventilation and drainage.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-05-28

In center, stem showing spare clus.
tiers: No. 2, cluster-cup form; No. 5,
spores from cluster-cup; No. 4, sum.
mer stage spores; No. S, resting or
winter spores.