Evening capital news. (Boise, Idaho) 1901-1927, 1914-05-31

as $500. Several OF my Indians have each
large amount of stock We have one named
Paucar, who owns 400 apacas, which are
worth perhaps 81 apiece, and we have some
who own sheep and cattle to value of three
or four hundred dollars and even a thousand
dollars. Such men work on the farm on the
same conditions as the other Indians, and
they live just about the same
AS rule the Indian will borrow all that
he can. He wants money for feast DAYS and
for marriages and funerals. He is not
afraid of debt. He has always been in debt
and expects to stay SO all his life. When he
dies his debt must be paid out of what he
leaves or it is assumed by his widow and
children.
TO show you how the Indebtedness
comes" continued the hacendado, II have
here the accounts of some of my Indians.
Here is Mariana Condori, who owes me
$500. Within the past year the account
shows that | have loaned him 1865. OF this
he has paid something on account, and in
addition has sold 10 sheep at 20 cents
each, and one bull for which we have cred
tied him $3.50
The next account is that of Manuel Ia
clnto, who received $45 during the year and
at the end owed $34 Part of the balance
he paid in currency, and he is credited also
with 40 cents for the loan of his horses to us.
He got 81 for taking train of llamas to
Cuzco and bringing back food and meat.
Think of going lO8 miles for 81, and carry
ing ton load ON your llamas all the way
Here is the account of Facunda Casa, which
shows that he sold us 80 sheep for 81 SO, or
for Is cents apiece. The other accounts run
much the same"
But doesn't this method of CARRYING
crops SO cheaply to the markets compete
with the railroads 2
"Of course it does" replied the hacien-
dado. "Why should | use the railroad to
market any crops when | can have my In
dams to do it for nothing? I would not give
centavo to have a railroad pass my farm
Il it did, myself and family would be the
only ones who would use it. If send my
goods by the Indians on the backs of llamas
it takes little longer, but if the weight is
short when they reach the market the In
dian is responsible. Suppose l ship 100
pounds OF barley to Cuzco by rail, and it
comes in four pounds short. | could not
get damages of the railroad but the Indian
would have to make up the balance. He is
responsible for everything he carries, and
if he should break plate or glass in the
load of goods he brings me he has to pay
for it."
But how can you force the Indians to
submit to such treatment ?"
'They have been used to it all their lives,
and besides we can punish them in various
ways. For small offenses we can put them
in the farm prison diet of water and
very little else for a couple of days We
can also whip them for stealing, provided
we are careful not to let the authorities hear
of what we are doing or we can make them
come to Cuzco to work here as pongoes for
a month or SO. There are some cases in
which the Indians are badly treated, and I
know Of an instance on my own farm where
an Indian was tied with rope under the
arms and raised to the top of eucalyptus
tree and left there for two hours. If it had
been found out, the overseer would have
gone to jail for two or three years. Justice,
however, is more in favor of the master than
the servant in this part of the world, and al
though the laws to protect the Indians are
fairly good the Indian has little chance be-
fore the courts if one of the higher classes is
the defendant"
In further conversation this man told me
something of the Indian villages, and how
they are governed. He says the farmer
works almost entirely through the Indian