davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-11-21
FLORIDA GOVERNOR PLACED ON STAND IN
 LAND FRAUD CASE
State Officials Understood Lands Had to Be Drained Before It Was
 Habitable, He Declares

Kansas City, November 20-Florida
 state officials understood and endeavored
 to make purchasers understand that land
 it was habitable, according to the testi-
 mony today of Gov. Park Trammell of
 Florida in the trial of E. C. Chambers. president. and four alleged agents of the Chambers Land company. The defend ants are charged with using the mails to defraud in the sale of Florida lands Governor Trammell explained that the state sold certain tracts of Everglades land to obtain money to build canals and drain the remainder. Ife asserted that for
 time it was impossible to sell any of the
 land because of the agitation about Flori-
 da lands, but added in the last year the 1 state had been selling Everglades muck | land at prices ranging from s2o to $1o0 an
 acre.
 | Replying to a question of the court as to why the state did not drain the lands and then sell them, thereby deriving . profit. Governor Trammell said 1t was not practical under existing conditions ir | Florida. He said the Everglades are not | a swamp but muck land, covered with saw grass
 | R. H. Ellis, supreme court justice anc l former attorney general of Florida, tes-
 tifed along the same lines. You have a personal interest in thl, case?' asked Francis M. Wilson. United States district attorney.
 1 Yes, sir,'' replied Judge Ellis. 'I an 1 interested in 1t because don't want tc
 see the honor of the state of Florida i'm. pugned.'
 l Judge Ellis said Mir. Chambers and others helped provide the money witt which the Everglades were being drained On his cross-examination it was devel. oped that the pnurchasers of land would | be obliged to pay a tax in addition tc the state and county taxes for the drain age work done by the state.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-11-21

has not already become familiar in the novel with Barbara, Jefferson Worth Willard Holmes, Texas Joe, Abe Lee, Pat Mooney and others who play a prominent part in Jefferson Worth g fight to reclaim the desHrt.
 The members of the company which appeared at the Jefferson were com petent enough, for the most part, and probably did about as well as could be expected, considering the limitations ol the play. Melodrama with what is popularly called a punch" in 1t never fails to make an impression, but lack ing that, is apt to be trivial.
 Theodore Hardy played Jefferson Worth and Miss Bsulah Watson was Barbara. Earl Burnside as Texas Joe and Joseph Detrlck as Pat Mooney pro vided the comedy that enlivened the play
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-11-21
CREWS OF CAPTURED STEAMERS ARRIVE
Lorenzo and the Thor Charged With C0aling
 German Cruiser

New York November 20.-The cap tains and crews of the American steamer Lorenzo and the Norwegian steamer Thor. captured by the British cruiser Berwick in West Indian Wa tere because it was alleged they had on board coal for the German cruiser Karlsruhe. arrived here today aboard the steamer Guinea from St. Louis
 The Lorenzo and Thor. together with the Spreewald of the Hamburg Amer lean line. are held as British prizes of war in the harbor of St. Lucia, whith- CT they were taken by prize crews aft CT their capture.
 Captain Griffiths of the Lorenzo and his American crew would not talk Of the capture of their steamer; but the c:cw of the Norwegian steamer were not reticent and Second Mate Joachim O'esen told of the seizure of the Thor.
 The Thor cleared from Newport News August 4 for Frey Bentos, near Buenos Aires, the mate said. but after leaving the capes the course was laid for the Bahamas. The Thor later was joined by the Lorenzo. which appeared to be loaded with coal; the Necllar of the North German Lloyd lilie, with val table cargo from Cuba. and the Spree wald These vessels cruised about tho Bahamas and the West Indies for sew eral weeks, according to the mate, who said the belief was they were seeking to provision German men of war.
 On September tho Berwick came up from the south. Olescn said, and an officer with an armed crew went aboard the Thor. looked over her papers and put her under seizure. That night the Thor was taken by prize crew to St Lucia. The day after she reached St. Lucia harbor the Berwick brought in the Lorenzo and the Spreewald, ac- cOrding to O1esen
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-11-21
ADJUSTMENTS
Winning of Barbara Worth

The stage version of "The Winning of Barbara Worth,' by Harold Bell Wright, presented at the Jefferson yes- terday afternoon and last night, is a fairly interesting novel converted into a rather crude melodrama. It is seldom indeed that a popular novel is success fully transferred to the stage and "The Winning of Barbara Worth," although the story has been adhered to in most particulars. seems to be another one of the numerous unsatisfactory book plays" It is mildly interesting to those who havo read Mr. Wright's stirring romance of a western irrigation prof ect, in which he has painted the desert in vivid colors and to which he has given some vigorous characters, but must be rather tiresome to anyone who
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-11-21
Weather Conditions

Birmingham. November 20.--G p. m.) There has been but little change in pres sure conditions over the southern states during the past A hours, pressures re- maining relatively high, with the central area of the disturbance in the western gulf Over northern portions of the coun- try east of the Rockies, however, there has been steady fall in pressures, and we'll defined low now appears over the lakes and the north Atlantic states
 This has resulted in quite general cloudi- ness and snow over the lakes and the Allegheny and Atlantic sections. West of the Mississippi pressures have fallen gen.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-11-21
LONE HIGHWAYMAN
 LOOPS SALOON

Columbus. Ga, November 20.-(SpeciaD Tonight about o'clock a highwayman walked into a saloon on Broad street in the main business section of the city, and covering the bartender and one or two others present with a revolver. told them t stand back. The highwayman jumped ever inc bar counter, snatched open the cash register taking therefrom practi- callv all the money there was in it.
 It is estimated that there was SEQ to S.o in it at the time. The robber did not wear e mask, but wore a rcd handker- chief about the lower part of his face He was white man.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-11-21
Grail of the Lonesome Pine"

'"rhe Trail of the Lonesome Pine, which Is play founded on the book by John Fox, Jr, and which has been read by more than 100000 readefs, comes to the Jefferson theatre today, matinee and night.
 Eugene Walter, who wrote the play, re- produces the very spirit and atmosphere of the people and scenes so graphically piftured by MT. Fox. The role of June will be taken here by Eleanor Montell, all actress whose finished work on the stage has already brought her a goodly measure of fame.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-11-21
Otis Skinner

of the theatregoers to a greater extent than Otis Skinner. The quality of his work is a known quantity and his artistry place him among the foremost players Of the present time, MT Skinner has a new play this sea son, and it is said it is successful both from the viewpoint of pat ronage and in that it affords this distin- guished player role that affords him splendid opportunities for the display of lis really remarkable talents. The play is called "The Silent Voice. Mir. Froh- man will present Otis Skinner in 'The Silent Voice" Thanksgiving matinee and night at the Jefferson theatre.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-11-21
VILLAS TROOPS
 ON THE MARCH

Fl Paso, Tex, November 20.-Vilia' s agent here declared tonight that three strong columns of Villa troops, aggregat- ing 6o,o0O men, now were on the march, one headed by Villa himself, toward Mex ico City; another from 1rapuato, under Gen. Raoul Madero, toward Guadaiajara' metropolis of the west coast; the third' headed by Gen. Martiniano Servien, from San Luis Potosi toward Tampico.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-11-21
SIEGE OF PRZEMYSL
 IS NEARING END

Paris. November 20.--t6:55 p. m.)-A Havas dispatch from petrograd says: Tt Is announced here that the siege of Przemysl appears to be rapidly ap- preaching its end. The trenches sur rounding the Notifications are in the possession of the Russians. Many trenches are filled with lime. confirm irg statements of prisoners that chol- era is raging in the garrison of Przemysl.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-11-21
At the Lyric

The success of this week S vaudeville bill has been so large that it augurs well for a capacity audience at the matinee this afternoon. for women and children are finding the entire offering to their liking. Another great advance sale is noted already. There is an eN- tra supply of music and comedy this week, and those are the acts which the public appreciates and enjoys most
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-11-21
Schooner Reached

Havana. November 20.-The schooner Cheslie of Borrsboro. N. s.. lumber ladcn from Pascagoula. for Havana, was driven on the beach 10 miles west of Havana in storm today. The Cuban gunboat Hat uey saved all the crew. The vessel and her cargo will be total loss.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-11-21
Weather Forecast

Washington. November 2o.-Forecast fol Alabama and Mississippi: Fair Saturday and Sunday, with slowly rising temper ature.
 Georgia: Fair Saturday and Sunday warmer.
 Tennessee: Fair Saturday and Sunday warmer.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-12-01
"EMBUSQUES" ARE SENT
TO DUTY IN TRENCHES
Holders of Soft-Snap Berths Trimmed
Out by War Minister
Millerand,
correspondence of the Associated Press.

Correspondence of the Associated Press.
PARIS, November 20-Owners of fine
automobiles, costing in some cases sew
eral thousands of dollars. felt a wave
of patriotism when the cars were
requisitioned by the government at
ne-fourth their value or less. Now
they have learned that the finest cars
were not usually sent to the fighting
line, but were used by officers "em-
busque," a word given a revised or
broadened definition by ex-Premier
Clemenceau. An embusquer, he says,
is IAN individual that public danger
calls to arms and who does not expe-
rience sufficient combativity to get
within range of the enemy's guns"
In every place where there was red tape.
wherever there was a comfortable reoui-
ambulance to pilot. guards to furnish,
reports to write or to carry behind the
lines. sick TO help. funds to raise, the
embusques swarmed during the first three
months Of the war. They were easily
recognized, for theirs were the finest cars
and their uniforms were spick and span.
But they are rapidly becoming less
numerous. Minister of. War Millerand
spoiled their-rest with an order requiring
every officer not originally incorporated
in an auxiliary service to retoin his CORPS
at once.
An instance of what happened after the
Issue Of this order is furnished by a
general commanding an army corps.
Calling unexpectedly at a headquarters
that was all bound up In red tape, he in
terrogated a sergeant at the door.
What are you doing?' he asked.
I'm on guard"
rs that aIi?"
mo; l also copy letters and put them
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-12-01

a doctors door would not only be
source of profit to the doctor. but
godsend to some one in immediate
and pressing need of his assistance
Even the suburban dweller might well
use a small electric sign to let the
guest know which is his house. and
any one who has spent a bad half
hour trying to read the numbers on
suburban houses, or to decide which is
the street and which is the alley.
would appreciate the innovation.
Emergency entrances to hospitals. fire
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-12-01

lean cities: but the possibilities of
small electrical signs are just begin
ming to be realized. One of these is in
the use Of lighted signs for those US
ing narrow thoroughfares. and for di-
rections in buildings and other public
places. An ordinary painted sign. even
If conspicuously placed. will be over
looked by a large number of persons,
because of the multiplicity of typed
information that assaults his gaze on
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-12-01

every side. Not reading signs be-
comes a habit, which 1t requires an
effort to overcome. A fresh-paint sign
in a public place seldom serves to
prevent number of sticky contacts
and explosive remarks, especially II
the light is trifie dim: but an electric
warning would penetrate the cranial
ivory of the most preoccupied indi-
viduaI
Then. too, there is the possibility of
using electrical signs for professional
advertisements. An electrical sign on
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-12-01

, the landmarks and making their loca-
ton a matter of common knowledge
! After a piece of property had beer
occasions four years apart. the common
knowledge as to It's boundaries wa.
deemed to have been perfected and
further processtoning was dispensed
with.
It Is the tradition that the similar
English ceremony, known as beating
the b o u s.
Tradition Tells Of was so named
Beating Bounds" O1 e n 49, Sc Of
small boys were taken with the pro-
cessioning party and given certain
smart strokes with a switch at each
bound so that the location should be
firmly fixed in their memories. 1t
does not appear that this practice ever
obtained in Virginia.
Upon the return Of the surveyor to
the register that a proper survey has
been made, the buyer had then to
seat" himself on the land; that is
actually to take possession and begin
improvement and cultivation. Upon
doing this he was entitled to take out
his patent and become the owner OF
the land IL no adverse claims or
caveats" had been filed against him.
The quit rent usually attached to the
lands thus purchased, whether from
the crown or from Lord Fairfax. was
an annual payment of two shillings
for each hundred acres. The payment
was to be perpetual and was the evil
dence of the continued feudal sub
lection Of the grantee. The idea OF
subsection involved in the payment OF
quit rents and their interference with
1,,ll
actual owner of the land became high
ly obnoxious, and when the independ-
ent state of Virginia was created, one
Of the first acts was to abolish the
payment of quit rents as to all land
which had come direct from the crown
X
citizen of Virginia, and the quit rents
reserved by him were
Qult Rents excepted from the gen.
Exoen+ed eral act. but provision
was made that the
rents paid in these cases should be
credited as taxes. When Lord Fair
fax died in 1871, he willed his Vir-
ginia property to Rev. Denny Martin
his nephew, who was a British sub
ject. An attempt was then made to
forfeit the lands and abolish the quit
rents in the northern neck of Virginia
on the ground that they were the
property of an alien, but this was
defeated by the terms of the treaty
of peace with Great Britain and a
compromise was made with the pro-
prietor by which he was affirmed in
the ownership of the private property
of the Fairfax estate and relinquished
the balance of waste and unimproved
lands to the state. The payment OF
quit rents lapsed and the lands in Vir-
ginia as the state was then consti-
tuted passed from the last vestige OF
feudal control and became allodial in
their character in accordance with the
American idea.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-12-01

into envelopes; sometimes L carry them
on a bicycle; 1 answer telephone calls
and receive visitors"
And you do all that alone:'
mo. general. there are twelve Of US. We
sort of relay each other
well" replied the general. you must
be unfortunate indeed to be tied down
here to such hard job while your COM
rades have such soft berths in the
trenches. I think about ten of your as
s,stants must be in the same fix. so you'll
just get ready at double quick and join
your regiment
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-12-01
LIEGE BEING REBUILT
ALONG GERMAN LINES
Its Model Fortress Is to Be Used as
an Object Lesson for Students.
Town Dull and Quiet.
Correspondence of the Associated Press.

Correspondence of the Associated Press.
AMSTERDAM, November 14-No bet
ter illustration can be given of the far
sightedness and thoroughness of the
German military machine than the
elaborate rebuilding operations in
course of completion at Liege. In the
comparatively short time since its
forts were wrecked by the invader S
artillery Liege has been rebuilt into a
model German fortress, and is to be
used as an object lesson for students
in the German military schools 1t is
built as though the Germans, expect to
stay.
All the Belgian forts have been re-
paired, with a single exception; much
of the old artillery has been replaced
with Krupp fortress cannon of the lat
est type, and even the landscape has
been remodeled with a view to defense.
All the newest ideas of German and
embodied in the placing Of ordnance,
in the erection of ramparts. in trenches,
observation places, highway mines,
secondary batteries and blockhouses.\
There is an intricate system of con-
Meeting works between the various
main points of the outlying defenses
Great attention has been paid to the
use of villages and forests for conceal
ing fortificationS.
Trenches Visible Only From Above.
The trenches are fiat with the ground,
SO as to be visible only from above,
and are protected with concealed barb
wire entanglements. The trenches are
drained and partly covered for pro-
lection against rain and snow, while
the width is ample enough to allow
carriage of stores and ammunition
without interfering with the troops.
A considerable part of the hard labor
involved in completing the trenches is
done with military traction trench
digger" which cuts a furrow about
three feet wide and three feet deep.
Most of the old Belgian forts have
been entirely remodeled: some have
been raised, some lowered. with a view
to greater efficiency of shell fire or to
increasing the sweep of country which
their guns can command. There are
several false batteries. cleverly con-
structed. to attract aeroplane or cav
airy attack.
The town is dull and quiet. All shops
and cafes are required to close at S
o'clock in the evening. Newspaper
are at a heavy premium
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-12-01

alarm boxes and numerous other ne
cessities and conveniences might be
made many times more available by
the use of electrical signs. The field is
large and the cost of maintaining
such apparatus surprisingly small.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-12-01

This northwest territory was coded
to the United States after the revolu-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-12-01

The process of securing these grants
from the crown or from Lord Fairfax
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-12-01

Mrs. Anne Marshall Braxton. eiGhty-
one years old, widow of Representative
Elliott NJ. BraNton. died at Frederick
burg, Va. She was the granddauShter
OF the late Chief Justice John Marsh all
and native Of FauQuier county.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-12-01

, the landmarks and making their loca-
ton a matter of common knowledge.
] After a piece of property had been
duly processioned on three successive
Occasions four years apart. the common
! knowledge as to its boundaries was
deemed to have been perfected and
further processioning was dispensed
with.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-12-01
What Does
the Home Need?

Carpets need cleaning?
House in need of paint or
repairs?
Beds need new mattresses?
Rooms need papering?
Piano need tuning?
Roof need painting or leaks
stopped?
Furniture need upholstering?
Windows need cleaning-or
new shades?
How about. a general clean
up with a vacuum cleaner?
Just turn to the classified
Business Announcements on
the Want Ad pages.
The needs of the home as
well as the person find ready
response In the Want Ads.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-12-01
Process Required
to Obtain Grants.

pay into the treasurer's office the re-
quired sum of money representing COM
position money for the amount of land
he desired to acquire. There was is
sued to him a warrant for a certain
number of acres of land, to be located
wherever the buyer might choose, pro-
vided it was not already appropriated.
The buyer, if he had not already made
UP his mind on location, looked about
for an eligible site, but was given only
a month to make a choice. At the ex-
piration of that time the rule required
that he should produce the warrant be-
fore the surveyor of one of the coun-
ties and order survey of the land
chosen. The surveyors were not sal
Iaried officers. but were, in effect,
lied to collect prescribed fees, one
sixth of which they were compelled to
turn over to the colleges of Virginia.
In order to prevent collision in Sc
curing the most valuable lands to IA
vored purchasers, voluminous regula-
lions were made from time to time for
the guidance of the surveyors, one of
the earliest and most necessary of the
rules being that no parcel of land
should be surveyed more than three
times as long as it was wide. This
was in order to prevent shoe string
ing, which was a method OF laying
out gwen number OF acres in q mar
row strip through the center of a val
liable tract of land. so that the land on
either side would be of little value ex-
cept to the owner of the central strip
the survey was marked on the
ground. either by placing stone monu-
ments or wooden posts at the points
where the courses changed, or BY cut
ting OF blazing fiat spaces on the
sides of trees. A description of the
courses and landmarks. together with
q map. was made by the surveyor and
forwarded to the register of the land
Office. but the survey as shown on the
ground was the legal limitation of the
land purchased and this fact led to the
adoption of provisioning as a means
Of perpetuating the knowledge of the
ines of each landholder. The English
system of dividing counties into par
shes was adopted in Virginia and IL
was required by law that the parish
officials should summon a sufficient
number of freeholders once in -four
years to procession" or traverse the
boundary lines of all the properties in
the parish for the purpose of noting
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-12-01
LAND TITLES.
lll.-Directs Grants From
the English Crown.
By Frederic J. Has6n.

The land titles Of the thirteen original
states Of the Union were substantially all
derived from the crown of England. The
differences which marked the latter
course Of titles in the different states
were duo to the manner in which the
titles left the crown
The earlier of the grantees received not
only the proprietorship Of tho soil within
the limits granted, but the political rights
Of the sovereign as well. The first OF
these complete grants Of the rights Of the
crown was made in the case of Virginia
with the object of securing the settle
Inent of the country This grant was
later annulled and the subsequent grants
in Virginia were of land only, the politi-
cal power being reserved to q colonial
government. SO that Virginia IS typical CT
series of land grants direct from the
sovereign to the private owners of def
mite tracts of land
The original boundaries of Virginia
were fixed respectively 200 miles north
fort, the promontory which marks the
entrance to Hampton roads and which
was the best known landmark of the
first explorations The western boundary
was unlimited. and the grant ex-
tended from ocean to ocean. Later.
by treaty with France, the western
boundary of Virginia was established at
the Mississippi river Deductions were
made from the original grant by subse-
Quent grants of Maryland to Lord Balti-
more and of Pennsylvania to William
Penn, but at the time of the revolution
Virginia included not only West Virginia,
which was set off as state as result
O; the war of 1S61-1S65. but also Ken
lucky and the territory north and west of
the Ohio river. from which the states of
Ohio, Indiana and Illinois have been
created.
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