davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1914-08-09

vised taking down the top of the tower.
Brother .Ioann. who had come to Mos
cow to lay in a store of Bibles and tele-
phone wire. said that the tower could be
sustained while the bell was being eX-
tracted. When people laughed. he quoted
Exodus and Joshua. Ioann went to the
consistory. got permission to try. and
after four days labor. appeared with
Hlonstrous timber machine resembling
Roman catapult. He extracted the bell
and sustained the tower. Then he re-
turned to Sobermen's Littletown.
Sobermens Littletown is the marvel of
every one who has seen it. There are
straight rows of houses of log or frame.
in Russian fashion, all thatched with red
or green painted iron. This is the. first
sign of a reformer. Other villages are
thatched with inflammable straw. Over
head is a network of telephone and cleo
tric light wire. There are neat cutters
in the streets. signposts, public lighting.
a fire station and first aid station-an
things unknown elsewhere. Nearly all
the mechanical work has been done with
Brother Ioann's own hands. or by the
hands of converted drunkards he has re-
claimed and taught. The expense OF
running the model village.is easily borne.
as there Is no drink saloon within signt
Epidemics never reach Sobermens Lit
tletown, and the death rate is about half
that of the typhus and scurvy-stricken
villages of the country round.
Brother Ioann shows his village and
his workshops with pride. he taxes
YOU into his own dwelling, long, low
house, chock-full of homemade and i'm
ported machinery in different shades OF
perfection. The walls are hung with
instructions for the use of the machines
in technical language, and beside tnese
hang Biblical texts in old Slavontc
about the engineering of Noah's ARK.
the measurements of the ark or the
covenant and the qualifications of Jubal
Cain. In a room to itself are parts or
a telephone which Brother 1oann invent
ed without ever having heard OF a tele.
phone. The telephone did not work, but
it was true in principle Ioann made 1t
when he was twenty, out of old Dat
teries. wires and fragments OF metal
disposed of during reconstruction OF
Prince scheremetiefrs house.
. In a shed is a. brick-making machine
of new principle, invented by Brother
Ioann.s. Other rooms are full of iron
sheets, coils of wire and ancient. worn
out instruments of precision which
Ioann has bought for few roubles.
Proudest of all is Brother Ioann of his
homemade appliances for central heat
ing He began with his own house. and
has now centrally heated all the village.
His last achievement is electric light.
Evening star., 1914-08-09

Of all the self-taught geniuses who have
risen on Russia's soil since poet Lomo-
nossoff. the fsherman's son, none has
been such marvel as Ivan Tchurikoff.
ThRei half literate peasant Ivan-Ivan
Tchurikoff. who has converted 10000
dr4nAards to total abstinence. who has
bull, model village equipped with all
thr appliances and amenities of civiliza-
;ioft.. who has given a thorough fright TO
D government which systematically shows
rs dread OF progress and light.
iss,n .Tchurikoff. known TO his disciples
assnfsratetz Ioann"-Brother Ioann--is
the organizer and autocrat of the Tres
veErHk.' 2f s.. Petersburg province.
Evening star., 1914-08-09

eyed, meek looking. thin peasant; in mien
a typical Muscovite, mystic with fervent
apostolic air. who talks slowly through
his nose in "a peasants sing-song voice.
BY origin he is half Tartar. lie was
born forty-odd years ago in the cabin
of parents who could neither read nor
write. Little Ivanushkar taught himself
both. arts. He taught himself all sorts
of other things and began to think.
A miracle happened. In the --slovenly-
diseased, hopeless northern vnlase grew
up a young man with habits of cleanli-
ness, neatness, modesty and love. A
terrific passion for reforming. lecturing,
showing how to do 1t. burned IN ivan.
Ivan became bore What incensed ms
sluggish fellow villagers most was that
he worked at ..machinki' He was al
ways inventing something. a catch for
the gate, new bell for cattle. way 10
hold the Bible open in church Ine VII
layers had no sympathy for that KIND OF
thing. and when he invented, as ne
imagined, a screw-prop eller and fitted II
to a toy paddle steamer they whacked
him soundly for being such fool. as 10
think screw-propeller would drive
steamer. The whacking served to increase
Ivanushka's zeal to reform.
When aged seven and twenty Ivan had
the usual mystic's vision. 1t bade- him
turn the world from drink. from excess
sive eating and from all bad manners.
Around Ivan, now transformed into the.
scriptural "Ioann," gathered aspiring
men and women. All Russian mystics
and holy men get demoralized the mo-
ment they find worshipers. Brother
Ioann proved the exception. He Is a
genuine holy man. He started to collect
money, vagabonds and drunkards. The
money was to found a model village.
where every one would live in virtue and
ards were to people it. 49,
Cynics laughed. They laughed louder
when they heard that guiIeless 1oann had,
bought marshy, worthless land for his VII
lage, in the simple faith that he could re-
claim it Today the village is in exist
ence; it shelters 800 families with /, 500
persons, the happiest, soberest, most
prosperous peasants in all the czar's en-
pire. -
.'Gorodok Tresvennikov." which means
'.Sobermen's Littletown.' is the name of
Brother Ioann's village It looked at first
sight like German or Dutch village. 1t
is tenanted by civilized. laborious, cleanly
men and women. nowise like Russian
moujiks, who eat moderately, though
rich. and drink not at all 1t is a village
of paved streets. sidewalks. drains, tele-
phones, electric light. central heating and
machines of all, kind. Until .'Gorodok
Tresvennikovr was built, the Russian
moujik either never heard Of these things,
or he believed they were official devices
for extracting graft for foreign .conces-
sionaires. In Sobermen's Littletown they
-
Evening star., 1914-08-09

part of the way is over vast plains
spotted with llamas and alpacas, snl
10000 to 10000 teet high. orurc. the
commercial center Of the plateau. Is
the halfway station. and the DISTANCE
from there to the Bolivian capital Is
$50 miles.
scenic routes of the world, and geo.
logically and geographically it IS one
of the most interesting. The Bolivian
plateau was once great inland sea
hundreds of miles long and sixty or
more miles in width. Parts OF it are as
fat as a floor, and the road goes for
miles over beds of stone and stretches
of sea sand. I am told that sea shells
are often found, and that fossils of
fishes are in evidence. Some of the way
is past volcanoes, and you see beds and
mountains of lava of the most wonder
Evening star., 1914-08-09
EN- ROUTE FOR LA PAZ

some day be extended to the navigable
tributaries of the Amazon river.
The Southern Railway of Peru crosses
the Andes at an altitude of 14,4OO feet
Its highest point is about that OF Pixies
Peak, which is IA, 147 feet above the sea.
1t then descends to Lake Titicaca. and
from there drops down to La PaZ, which
lies in a hollow almost two miles and
quarter above the sea. The Central rail-
road goes up three miles in altitude over
about 100 miles of track. and its total
mileage, not including the Cerro de Pasco
extension. is less than go miles.
The Southern road from Mollendo to
La Paz. including the trip across the lake,
covers a distance of more than 800 miles
1t is 22S miles from the sea. where it
crosses the Andes, and there it is 1000
feet lower than the altitude of the pass
of the Peruvian Central. 80
The La Paz-Antofagasta line has
mileage of more than 100 miles, and its
highest point on the main line is over
1900 feet above the sea. The highest
point on the africa line is just under
1000 feet, but the Antofagasta line Is
building branches that are almost as
high as the highest point on the Moro
cocha branch of the Central above Lima.
One of these runs from Ollague to Cola
huasi, where there are copper mines
owned Dy the rduSSenneilnS, Scilu 10 De
among the richest mines of the world.
The other begins at Rio Mulato. between
Oruro and Uyuni, and goes to Potosi,
the famous mountain that has produced
billions of dollars in silver and that
promises to produce like values in tin.
The Rio Mulato and Potosi branch
crosses a pass 1854 feet high. or only
fifty-one feet lower than the pass to
Morococha, where are great copper
mines. largely owned by Americans
Of all these lines the most difficult of
construction was the Central Peruvian 1t
was begun In 1870 by Henry Meiggs, and
its first sc miles are said to have cost
more than $30e,000 mile. That road Is
of standard gauge. and it has no gra-
dent sleeper than AZ in 100. It has 67
bridges, one of which is 575 feet long,
spanning a ravine 300 feet deep. Meiggs
also built the greater part of the South
ern railway. and that without cogs, and
Valparaiso to Santiago that now forms
a part of the first great route between
the Pacific and the Atlantic.
Outside the Meiggs roads, the new line
just opened from africa to La Paz has
been the most expensive and the most
difficult of construction. The Arica-La
Paz road is less than half as long as the
Peruvian Southern. and only about ono
third as long as that from Antofagasta
to La Paz. Its length is under $50 miles.
It begins at the seacoast, and crosses
the Andes at less than 1900 feet above
the level of the ocean. On some parts of
the route the grades are SO steep that
the rack -and-pinion system has to be
used. The maximum grade of the ordi-
nary line is only about 3 per cent, while
Evening star., 1914-08-09

The reconstruction of this Bolivian rail-
way and its extension was financed and
built by Americans. Only a few years ago
Bolivia and Brazil entered into treaty
by which Bolivia conceded to Brazil a
rubber region about twice as large as
the state of Indiana for the sum Of S10,-
GD,0o0. This money was used. to build
certain railroads for the development of
Bolivia Messrs. Speyer & Co. and the
National City. Bank Of New York got
the contract for the completion and ex-
tension of the Antofagasta road. Their
scheme involved san~expenditures of more
than S27.c00,o00. the capital to be made
cans, and of 81. 100000 by the Bolivian
government. The American loan was Sc
cured by bonds and the guarantee of the
government. One of the extensions to
be made was the standard gauge from
Oruro to La Paz, another was from Oruro
to Cocha bamba, and third line. to
Tupiza to connect with, the Argentine
system The Potosi extension was also
a part of the contract. This was in 1905.
shortly after which time the work was
begun. American engineers were brought
in and by 1908 the line from Oruro to
Viacha above "a Paz was almost, COM
pleted. Other constructions were well
under way when the controlling interest
fish Arfofagasta and bolivia Railway
Company, and that at a big profit
In this way the Antofagasta and BO-
livia railroad passed out of the control
OF the Americans and into that of the
English. The Americans may still own
some of the stock but the railroad be-
longs to and is managed by English capi-
talists. 1t has been completed to La
Paz. and is now advancing toward
! Cocffabamba- a Thriving town on the east
ern side Of the Andes. The. same COM
pany is building line from IIyuni to Tu-
riza the total length of which will be
about 100 miles A short extension will
connect that line with the Argentine
railways. and then one can travel across
country from Bolivia to Argentina. I un-
! derstand that the Bolivian government
hasA already. contracted a loan for the
building. of the break from Tupiza to the
Argentine frontier. ,-. =st =-e---i -
The Antofagasta road is one of the
most profitable roads of all South Amer
lea. 1t is the. great down-the-mountain
! chute for the tin and copper ores of the
Bolivian plateau, and as it has mo-
nopoly.- it can charge all that the traffic
will bear. The freight rates are
enormous, and that on coal from Anto-
fagasta to La Paz is something like $40
Evening star., 1914-08-09

some of the cog sections reach a grade
of per cent. The cog section is longer
than that of any other railroad, and
there are many engineers who claim that
it cannot be worked at profit. The cog
system is about the same as that Of the
roads up Pixies peak. Mt. Washington
and the Rigi. 1t does well for tourist
traffic, but whether it will work with the
heavy freights is a question. One of the
civil engineers engaged in its construc-
ton tells me he thinks that the cog part
OF the road may eventually be run by
electricity.
X =
During my stay in La Paz have met
Sir John Jackson. whose company has
built the Arica-La Paz system. He is
one of the famous engineers Of the world
and his company has work going on all
Evening star., 1914-08-09

over the globe. 1t is arranging to con-
meet the Bolivian and the Argentine rail-
way systems.
When the Panama canal is completed
the shortest route from the United
States to Bolivia will be by way of
africa. That port is 1900 miles from
Panama, and by the canal 1t will be
Hess than $500 miles from New Or
leans. Most tourists will prefer to go
by way of Mollendo and the Peruvian
Southern, the gradient of which is
more gentle and which has also the ad-
vantage of the halfway station at
Arequipa and the pleasant trip over
Lake Titicaca. The quick jump from
africa to the top of the Andes is liable
to give one soroche, and many will not
saster, ~ snro ' Will en 70 Ia Pal bv one
route and come back by another. AT
present the most of the traffic to Bo-
Evening star., 1914-08-09

= Despots Want to
.:Elxpel Him From the
Orthodox Church and
Destroy His Model
City, Where 10000
Former Drunkards
Live in Total Absti-
"nence and All the
Amenities of Civiliza-
stion May Be Enjoyed.
= Wonderful Career of
Ivan Tchurikof. Most
Astonishing of Russian
,.Self-T aught Geniuses.
Son of Poor Parents,
Who Could Neither
Read Nor Write.
Evening star., 1914-08-09
livia passes either through Mollenao or

livia passes either through MolIendo or
Antofagasta. . ---..-.-.....-.
The Antofagasta- Bolivia railway sys-
tenn is perhaps the most important of
the republic. 1t is now giving direct
service from La Paz to the ocean in
forty flour hours. There are three trains
a week, with sleepers and diners. This
road is about as long as, from New
York to Cleveland. Leaving Antofa-
gasta, the chief seaport of northern
Chile the train takes you through the
nitrate fields and across the Chilean
desert to the Bolivian frontier. You
are all night and the whole of one day
in making that journey, and you arrive
at Oruro at about 9 O'Clock the next
morning. During the first 223 miles you
reach an altitude of $4,000 feet. You
then drop about 500 feet to the great
borax lake, and hence climb over the
mountains to the Bolivian plateau. A
Evening star., 1914-08-09

OILY Russia is
specializing as to
the fate of Ivan
Tchurikoff, peasant
Edison. social re-
former and pro-
scribed h e r etic.
whom Procurator
of the Synod Sab
Ter and Metropoli-
tan Vladimir want
to expel from the
Orthodox Church.
Evening star., 1914-08-09

METROPOLITAN VLADIMIR OF ST.
PETERSBURG.
Who II endeavoring to have the Rus
sian peasant Edison expelled from the
Orthodox Church.
For this, and in part for the other
works. he imported the material and q
few trained workmen.
Brother Ioann talks only of three
things, of abstinence, inventions and
the scriptures. He puts all the glory
down to- the Bible How did you think
of that?. asks the visitor, pointing to
some, miracle of homegrown ingenuity.
When we came here we had none of
these answers Ioann. did not Zillah
bear Jubal Cain. an instructor of every
artificer in brass and iron?" He pauses
a moment. And how did Noah build
M, ms ARK. ana now aid Hezekian. puila
Evening star., 1914-08-09

"Tresvenniki' means "Sobermen.'' The
Sobermen movement aims at redeeming
the moujik from vodka. AS extended by
Brother Ioann, it aims at redeeming him
also from excessive eating-f he ever
gets a chance to eat excessively-and
from other vices and failiEgs and at
turning him into civilized and humane
man.
sx
Sobermen movements have always ex
listed. In the seventies one such move
ment in Kursk province was govern
mentally suppressed with jail and knout
Evening star., 1914-08-09

'cHuRlkoFF.s INFLUENTIAL DE-
FENDER,

FENDER.
Russia's ex-minister of education, won
kaaufmann, who, having seen Tchuri-
koh's work. has appealed to the au-
thorities to prevent his exile.
There is a modern colony of Sobermen
in Vladimir province, which ,fourished
until lately. when the police, jealous to
emphacize the czar's new rescript against
drink, threw into Jail the leaders, Kolos-
koff and Grigorieff. Minor movements OF
Sobermen exist elsewhere. But Brother
Ioann's Sobermen are the wonders OF
their kind. and Brother Ioann is the
wonder of Sobermen chiefs.
Brother ioann is a mild-faced, deep
Evening star., 1914-08-09

1890 miles are in operation, more thah
500 miles are being constructed, anu
sop,ething like 35cO miles have been sur
viewed or projected When / last came
toIa Paz rode over the Peruvian South
err,sxailway from Mollendo to Arequpa,
ana thence on to Puno on Lake Titicaca-
f1crossed that lake on steamer 10
ChifIilaya. Bolivia. and came with the
mails on a stage across the plateau 10
La Paz This year l have come by the
same route as far as the lake, and thence
10 Guaaui. where an express train brought
me in comfort right into the heart OF the
Bolivian capital.
IN leaving La Paz to return to the sea-
coast / was hauled by mules on a long
three-days gallop down to Oruro where
got the narrow gauge line that crosses
the mountains and desert to the port OF
Anfofagasta l have gone over the same
road this year. but it has now been ex-
tehded from Oruro to La Paz and there
are branch lines that will soon connect
with the Argentine railway system and
give a transcontinental line across south
ern Bolivia to the Atlantic ocean at Bue-
nos Aires. Then Bolivia had no through
railway to the sea She has now three,
the. third being the short cut to the Pa
citics at africa. The africa road was COM
pleted only about year ago, and the
trains are Just now beginning TO run
safely over it. During my stay In La
PAIL have had talks with the managers
Of the several roads: and at AreGuipa and
Lima / gathered the latest Information
assto the Peruvian Southern. which. with
its extension from Lake Titicaca to La
Paz. forms one of the most important out
lets to the trade of this counry.
200
These Andean railways are the only
ladders up which one can climb to the
golden roof of the South American con-
tinent. and thev are the only downspouts
Through which mineral and other products
of the plateau can be sent to the seacoast
From here to the Isthmus of Panama
there are now five such ladders. The
first is in Ecuador. 1t runs from Guaya-
gull to Quito. passine in full view of
Chinborazo and Cotopaxi. The second is
the. Central Railroad of Peru. 1t climbs
over the coastal range to the great cop
per mines of Cerro de Pasco, reaching an
altitude which is far above that of any
other railroad point of the world. The
third is the Peruvian Southern. 1t climbs
over a pass of more than 14,o00 feet to
Lake Titicaca; and the fourth and fifth
are, the Arica-La Paz and the Antofa-
gasfa-La Paz roads. which cross the
Chilean desert and end at the Bolivian
capital
The highest OF these roads is the Gen.
traf Railway of Peru. l crossed it at an
altitude which is more than three miles
lines I ascended to a height of 15.sO5
feet which is the highest place now
reached by rail. The Peruvian CeR1ral
crosses the Andes through the Gaera
tunnel. and then goes down into the
fertile valley of Huancayo, and it will
Evening star., 1914-08-09

HE iron horse OF
transportation and
C o m m re e has
climbed over the
Andes and is now
forcing his way
through the wilds
of Bolivia. Fifteen
years ago all the
railways of t h i s
country did not
cover 800 m IL e s.
Today more than
Evening star., 1914-08-09

have grown not BY Official aid or graft.
but by virtue Of two apparently incom-
patibie characteristics Of Brother Ioann
his belief that men must live literally
by the Bible and his amazing talent for
invention and for mechanical work.
Brother Ioann lately proved his talents
Evening star., 1914-08-09
THE HIGHEST STATION ON
THE ANToFAoASTA R0AD, ,A5c0TAk

full character The road taps the treas
ure vaults of the Andes and it's freight
is largely tin and copper ore. which is
shipped from Antofa gasta TO the smelt-
ers of Europe and the United States.
Evening star., 1914-08-09

to the citizens of Moscow. A heavy bell
in the tower of the Church of. Ivan
sVeliki broke loose, smashed half way
through the brickwork and stuck The
official builders declared that If the bell
was extracted from the brickwork the
whole tower would collapse They ad-
Evening star., 1914-08-09

f5;. ss'. Across the Noun
tains to La Paz-Arica
and Its Cog System.
"A Look at the Highest
Railroad Points of the
World - A New Rail-
way Built by Ameri-
cans, but Now Owned
by the English -Potosi
and Its Silver Mines.
TO Buenos Aires via
Bolivia = The New
Lines Projected Into
the Amazon Valley.
Evening star., 1914-08-09

special Correspondence OF The Star
nc ST. PETERSBURG, JULY 70. 1914
Evening star., 1914-08-09

Copyrighted. 1914, by Frank c. Carpenter)
=" LA PAZ.
The Emmett index. [volume] (Emmett, Idaho) 1893-1925, 1914-02-26
EMMETT CORN WINS
AGAINST THE WORLD
National Corn Exposition Awards w. 7. Nelson of En-
NETT the Two Highest Honors and
$2500 in Cash Prizes

have always been considered prime
stuff and have topped the Chicago
market repeatedly.
In the line Of poultry we have in
this neighborhocd some Of as aristo-
crat birds as ever graced show ring,
and Emmett turkeys are said to be far
superior in size and quality to any
thing in the entire west and are in
demand by buyers from the coast
cities. During the holidays last year
one firm alone paid out the sum of
S25, 900 for this toothsome product.
Fact is, we doubt if there is another
community anywhere in the nation
where there are more diversified in
dustries, that are successfully conduct
ed, as are to be found in this valley
Indeed Emmett has been a great fac
tor in helping to place Canyon county
and the state of Idaho before the
world in a favorable light in more
ways than one. She's the garden
valley of Idaho"
The Emmett index. [volume] (Emmett, Idaho) 1893-1925, 1914-02-26
That Iowa Election

Democratic enthusiasm over the re-
suit Of the recent special election in
the Second Iowa congressional dis
trict is beginning to wane, as COM
parison Of the returns from that elect
ion is made with the vote cast in that
same district in 1910 and in 1912.
This comparison shows declining
Democratic strength and a marked
gain in Republican strength, with the
third party, as in most other recent
elections, dwindling rapidly. The
Second Iowa district, it should be ex-
planned, is normally a Democratic dis
trict. AS a rule the Democratic ma
jority hoyers around 5000. This year
at the special election the Democratic
plurality fell to 1850, and was 1922
short of a majority. Had the Repub-
lican and Progressive vote been con-
solidated the Democratic candidate
would have been defeated by 1922
votes, where under normal conditions
he would have had majority Of dou
bic that figure. The Democrat who
was recently elected received 1855
The Emmett index. [volume] (Emmett, Idaho) 1893-1925, 1914-02-26
Corn. the Poor Mans Crop

From all reports, more corn will be
grown in the Emmett valley this year
than ever before in the history of the
community. Almost every ranchman
|on the mesa will plant from 10 to 100
acres and such is the case through
out the slope and the lower valley.
Wherever there is vacant land, under
ditch, in the more thickly settled por-
tions, the same will be planted to corn.
Corn is the poor mans crop in every
sense of the word, it is the cheapest as
regards the cost of seed, and, with
the exception of lots of cultivation
the handling of the same can be
very cheaply done, as one and not
over two irrigations are all that are
necessary. 1t can be grown on rougher
ground than small grain and one can
take his pleasure at harvesting at a
season of the year when there is not
much else to occuply ones time.