davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-09-20

rubbed down by the infected hands, and the
gloves become infected before the operation is
started.
This source OF infection can be largely elmin
ated by wearing wet gloves. After the hands
have been scrubbed and disinfected. the gloves
filed with an antiseptic solution and slipped
on. Any rubbing down the fingers, which
may be necessary should be done with piece
OF sterile gauze, and in this way the gloves
handled bus little
Ii dry gloves are injured during the operation.
the powder within is srneared the field of
operation, and the wound only gets the
germs from the pores of the skin, but also the
germs which were rubbed the hands from
the infected towel Not infrequently the whole
end, or side OF a finger will give way and the
surgeon may thus work for several minutes with
finger or fingers exposed before the condition
OF the glove is recognized Such mishap is
serious if the hands have not been thoroughly
scrubbed and disintected.
With boiled gloves, this accident practically
never happens. II the wet gloves perforated,
or torn. during the operation. any skin germs
which may leak through, have been in contact
with an antiseptic solution and less likely
cause infection After the wet gloves have
heen put on, If the surgeon will pull out the
gauntlets and open and close the hands a few
times, the excess OF fluid Will be expelled.
II is q very simple matter TO fill steriized
jar with an aDtisepiic solution in which to store
boiled gloves Tor emergency work. and gloves
thus treated can be used many times. If they
TO be used on dirty hands. the ones from the
antiseptic solution are decidedly less likely 20
become infected.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-09-20

q found that burned very much easier at great
height than | did the ground This is probably due
to the fact that the ultraviolet rays, which are, OF
course the shortest in wavelength less reflected
by the particles in the air at height OF two miles
than at the surface of the ground In other words.
the dust particles intercept these ultraviolet which
of course. the important in affecting the skin.
with regard to the death of Chavez: AT Columbus
thought would do little grandsand work and drop
from the height OF mile straight to the ground
rapidly possible stepped out of the machine with
everything swimming before eyes. and just MY
foot touched the ground became unconscious and
NAMED unconscious for five minutes This
doubt due to the rapidity of descent and this may
have caused Chavez to lose control OF his machine when
only 100 feet from the ground This said before IS
The only time when aviator is Inconvenience.
II think my experience is not unusual compared with
that OF all aviaors who fly al all high. The nonopane
used the French Beriot with seventyhorse
power Gnome motor. My flying speed seventy.two
miles hour. and could in the unless
drove my aeroplane at least sixty miles hour. In
five months I made hundred and seven flights,
which does not count the flying did in Europe and
while learning / have also flown the Farman biplane
and the Curtis b!pane. and hence my experience has
been such to warrant me in saying that impress
sions probably those of most aviators who have
all extensively
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-09-20

their being in and around the habita-
ton of man, the rat has less 10
justify its existence than any other
says DR. f. H. Cree. of the United
States Public Health Service. AS
devoid of any redeeming traits as the
fly. that has been the subject OF n
nationwide sanitary crusade. the rat
is Il greater pest because of its depre-
dations and its possibilities for harm
in the transmission and perpetuation
Of bubonic plague In community.
The latter consideration is of
more serious import i'll seaport towns.
wherever they may be, and in those
localities where plague has once ap-
nelred. but with the MOrld-Wide
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-09-20
Why There's NO
SUCH THING
AS 'sAIR''
SICKNESS

S~HTfIE conclusions OF the scientists who claim that
\ aviator IS in serious peril high altitude.
- owing much 10 the chance of falling as
rarefed air tends paralyzc mans mental powers,
do with the experience of Earle L. Ovington.
aviator who has flown TO great heights in
plane more than one hundred times
II have repeatedly flown at heights In excess Of
and half miles, Mr.. Ovington in letter to the
won the Tri.State going from Boston to Nashua
n H, to Worcester, Mass Providence r. l., and
back to Boston flew practically this height during
the entire distance.
II have always believed in high flying. I
WINGED that ii is far less dangerous than flying low
In the first place the vertical air which annoy
the aviator at low attitudes no effect at great
heights. The horizontal air currents corresponding
the winds the surface OF the earth have little effect
on the machine, the aviator is the ground
his speed with respect to the air passing him is con-
earth OF course, varies with tho velocity of the hor
zontal air currents
The parties who argue that high flying Is dan
gerous put themselves in cabinet with the
pheric pressure corresponding that OF altitude
or PIX miles Probably neither OF them been
In the air. They, therefore, imagined all sorts OF
things that might happen.
But let me tell you there Is great difference be-
tween two cooped up in little cabinet under
tihcial conditions and the flying free through
the clear atmosphere height of miles The
far the pressure is concerned but in other
entirely
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-09-20
Famous Aviator DENIES That Flying Great HEIGHTS MAKES BREATHING HARD


tho earth assumes concaye appearance. 1t Is in
teresting note that the only way you tell the
difference between woodland and Is that the latter
is fighter in shade than the This is doubt
due 10 the fact that the sunlight Is reflected
readily from grass than from dense woods.
"rhe fields in open country give the appearance
Of checker board stretched beneath aviator.
At the height OF mile ordinary roads have the appear
OF thin brown thread laid the surface OF the
earth II you happen to look at railroad that the
rays OF the reflected into eyes. the rail
road appears like two pianowires stretched the
ground
This recalls interesting time experienced in the
TriState mentioned above The glass roofs of the
greenhouses reflected the light into my and mis-
took many of these greenhouses for small ponds a
pond reflects the sunlight into the eye just does
the glass roof of greenhouse 1t is almost impossible
tell the difference between very small pond and
large greenhouse at considerable height when the
is shining that the incident reflected into
the eyes.
Il do not know why, but it to be general
impression that aviator has difficulty in breathing
owing 10 the high speed OF his machine and the rare
faction Of the air This is the | have been
with BIuce.Brown a speed of 100 miles in auto
mobile the Florida beach; have driven my
at speed of Sc miles at Atlantic City, and have
been in aeropane the speed Of $50 miles an
hour with the wind, of and had difficulty
in breathing in Furthermore. aeroplane.
properly designed, is constructed that great deal
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-09-20

RI surgery the greatest danger not only to the
| patient, but also 10 the surgeon, often les
- in the possibility OF infection. To guard
against this, al! sorts of precautions taken.
Operating rooms constructed with view
70 furnishing few lodging places possible
Tor germ breeding dust. and their furnishings are
easily kept sterile. The instruments. bandages,
and everything else the ..urse or physician uses,
are repeatedly steriiized Before undertaking an
operation Tho surgeon puts long coat spe-
cially made for This purpose; protects his face
with mask and dons rubber gloves.
Even these gloves, on which so much reliance
has always been placed. now under sus-
Picion Many surgeons declare that as
monty worn they constitute more of danger
than a protection.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-09-20

b-ET IL lighting of schools is a subject o!
immense Importance, for there is no
ia doubt that the eyesight OF countless
children has been seriously impaired by i'm
proper Lighting. Scientists everywhere are
now studying this matter with the object OF
seeing that the coming generation fares better
in this respect than the one that has gone
before.
Among the conclusions already reached are
that no place is fit for use as schooroom
where diamond type-a type only onehalf
as large as that used in these words-cannot
be read easily by normal eyes at distance
OF twenty inches. The darkest desk in any
schoolroonl should receive an illumination
equivalent to that derived directly from fit!
reduced square degrees of visible sky In
these circumstances the place should receive
not less than one-half of one per cent OF the
unrestricted illumination from the complete
sky hemisphere. The windows should he To-
Gated in the wall to the LETT of the workers,
and the glass should be carried to the ceiling,
not being interrupted by cornices, pillars or
decorations.
No desk should he farther from the window
wall than twice the height OF the top Of the
glass above the desk surface. The ceiling
hx,t 10
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-09-20

Granting that the gloves are sterile when they
come from the pressure sterilizer. many OF them
doubtless become infected by the time the
geon is ready TO operate. After the hands have
been scrubbed and dsinfected. ii is necessary 10
dry them before the gloves be put on. and
this is done with towel. While end is be.
ing used on the hands, the other end is usually
dangling against the surgeons clothes, which
have been in contact with the sides of the wash
basin; sprinkled with the wash water; rubbed
against things in the operating room Impossible
OF sterilization: brushed against various people
III the room. and probably against visitors in
-treet clothes, and thus contaminated in many
ways.
Before the hands have been thoroughly dried
they have been rubbed over by the infected end
OF the towel. Then The gloves are picked up and
handled, the fingers in many instances are
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-09-20
No Dis6raCe TO be LEFT Handed

Lefthandedness is often left-sdedness. the
entire side of the body showing evidence OF a
greater development on that side. In The
brutes the preponderance OF one or the other
half OF the body may vary according to race.
Thus the gibbon and ourongoutans are as
rule right-handed the gorilla and chimpanzee
left.handed.
In the German army seven recruits in every
hundred are left-handed among the school
children the percentage is slightly higher
THESE figures, however, are very deceptive
Tor many persons who are born left-handed
later become righthanded, The number so
born In Germany is estimated at IS per cent
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-09-20

shows that approximately 81 per cent
Of the children came from broken
homes where one or both parents
were dead, the parents were sepa-
rated. etc. The remaining Co per
cent came from apparently normal
homes. though no account has been
taken of drunkenness of the father
or mother if the parents were living
together and maintaining family
life.
The statistics relating to school
and employment records are full Of
interest. Only about per cent of
the total number OF children investi-
gated are mentally defective enough
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-09-20

IN view OF the great European the Pope's death
and other momentous current events, it is inter
testing TO turn back the forecast for 1914 which
was prepared for this by Madame de Thebes
the celebrated Partisan last year and how
many OF her predictions have already true. Nine
de Thebes prophecy, printed in these pages in De.
cember 1913, follows
The month OF April, 1914, will be made forever cee.
brated b. the recurrence OF volcanic activity in the
central plateau OF France, obscure and forgotten
temple OF the spirits OF earth, fire and water Only
scientists know that possess in Auvergne and other
parts OF Central and Eastern France, numerous and
distinct VOLCANOES which have been active in his
toric times. To the ainazement OF the world these
will burst into activity during the coming Summer,
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-09-20

T@VERY child repeat, and almost every adult
II call mind with little difficulty the Mother
ID Goose jingle, which like this:
Jack and Jill went up the hill
To get pail OF water
Jack fell down and broke his crown,
And Jill tumbing after
Just harmless bit OF rhymed nonsense the lines
and until lately nobody dreamed OF looking
for any deeper significance in them than desire
furnish amusement for little children
Now, however, Dr. William y. White comes forward
with what he claims is convincing proof that the verses
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-09-20
How RATS COST US MILLIONS

march OF bubonic plague, in no city
should its advent be regarded as i'm
probable.
Merely TO keep premises clean and
free Of rubbish will be OF but little
benefit. as rodents generally, even
when abundant rubbish is available.
prefer more secure cover, as that
beneath floors and within double
walls and ceilings. SO along with
other measures for the destruction IF
rats all buildings. chicken yards.
garbage reCepta cles, sidewalks and
planked areas must be built or re-
paired to prevent rat harbora ge.
Garbage cans should be made Of
meta! with proper fitting tops"
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-09-20

which are clear 10 the lawyer are
apt 70 confuse the ayman In this
report an endeavor has been made 70
give the statistics more popular
appeal and less criminal sound by
classification under such captions as
minor ofenses against the peace"
"offenses against property "unlaw-
fully employed" and the like.
The prevalence OF tendencies lead.
Ing 70 the gang spirit among juvenile
delinquents Is aptly shown by table
OF single and group delinquency
Over "a per cent Of the children were
associated with others in offending
against the law
The table OF "parental condition"
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-09-20
What s'JACk AND JILL" MEANS

were really intended to present popular myth about
the moon.
According his theory, Jacks fall and Jis
"tumbing after" only ways OF describing the
cessive disappearance OF the spots the
wanes Even the of the jins!es hero and hero
inc re finds significant of this
The name Jack" he says lis derived from verb
meaning TO increase, and Jill from verb meaning to
break dissolve.
Thus Jack and Jill nothing than personi-
hcations OF the moons waxing and waning, and the
they after is indication OF the popular
belief in the dependence OF the weather and in par
ticular the rainfall. upon the moon.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-09-20
The Newest ''SAFETY FIRST Idea

a MERE piece OF red glass IS making 1t pos
- s!ble to use red lights on railroad cross.
t n ing gates, and add greatly 10 the safety
OF motorists and other drivers al grade cross
ings,
This has never been possible before for fear
OF confusing engineers passing trains but
simple device worked out in the signal depart
ment OF the Lehish Valley Railroad has made it
feasible. Il has been tried ont at the busy
Wyandote street crossing in Bethlehem. Pa,
and mas proved q success.
The ordinary crossing gate has white light
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-09-20
How the "GANG SPIRIT MAKES CRIMINALS

X TINE thousand and nineteen
M children were arraigned In
@ the New York County Chill.
dren's Court during the year 1919.
The report OF the court for this
period. with It's charts and statistical
"a bles, gives more detailed informa-
ton concerning the reasons why chill
dren 60 wrong than has been given
previously by this or any other court.
Twenty-Five per cent Of the children
we're brought into court for trifling
offenses, while IS per cent were cases
OF improper guardianship. This
leaves 81 per cent who were under
really serious charges. The ordinary
statutorv Classification OF offenscs
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-09-20

u OR ages the belief has prevailed that
le1t-nanded persons are physically and
- mentally inferior. This belief has per-
sisted in face OF the fact that not few great
men, including among others Leonardo da
Vinc have heen left-handed
German scientists however. declare there
is absolutely no evidence to support the
theory that some relation exists between left
handedness and mental or physical defects.
1t is racial or family popularity which is
found among animals as well as human
beings.
Or Company. Great Britain Rights Reserved.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-09-20

10 be enrolled In special and IN.
graded classes.
A table on residential distribution
shows in what parts OF the city de-
linquency is most preva lent. and the
report expresses n hope that this will
be of value to those interested in the
general social problems OF various
sections of the city.
Other facts brought out are that
about 20 per cent OF the children had
one or more previous court records,
and that the ages from thirteen to
fifteen are The Years when both boys
and girls are most liable to get into
trn,lhln
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-09-20
of wind Is done away with.

Of wind is done away with.
g" have found that the rarefaction Of the air in.
terferes with breathing. owing believe to the fact
that the aviator climbs slowly that he has plenty
of time to used to the diminished atmospheric
Another point which makes aviation different
from mountain climbing in this regard Is that the
climber Is exercising and necessarily would notice
rarefaction of the air before aviator would who is
sitting still
in coming down, however it is different PROPOSE
ton. If off my engine at two-mile height and
drop suddenly a mile from the ground it
if standing behind me and poking red
hot pokers into my ! had difficulty whatever
going up I went up slowly, but in coming
down quickly did have time to become accustomed
the rapid change in atmospheric pressure. My usual
Practise when wished to avoid this inconvenience
drop thousand feet slowly as possible with
the power Off turn the and circle around at
that level swallowing vigorously. would then drop
another thousand feet. In this could get TO tho
ground from height OF two miles without any ncon
venence
CAS- far the rarefed air paralyzing the action OF
the subjective mind is concerned, do not think that
there anything in this report. My experience has
been that the objective mind at least, is stimulated by
the excitement OF rushing through the air at high speed
purity of the air great height and possibly
by the greater acnic power OF the sunshine.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-09-20

e TO animal is more destructive to
M property or more dangerous
L To human health than the rat.
The damage it does to property runs
up into Egures which staggsr the
ina sination
1t is estimated that there are in
the United States at least 800. 100000
rats. They destroy hundred million
dollars worth of grain in this country
every year, or enough to feed one
hen for every man, woman and child
IN the nation. The total annual cost
OF rats TO the nation is eStima ted ut
$500 100000
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-09-20

hung 10 the bar which at night indicates by its
position alone whether the track is clear. But
by this device piece OF red glass set in a round
81, as in a frame, is fastened 70 the bar so that
the white light swings behind it and shows red
when the gate is down.
When the gate is up. as the ROUNDED is sta.
tonary and the light swings the light comes
out from behind the red glass and shows white
again
At no time is the red light visible from the
track. and traffic the railroad is not inter
fered with, but the safety OF motorists and the
dIveEs Of orher Xshclns is incraased
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-09-20

show the average variation of daylight during
the day and throughout the year. These tests
will cover number of years and will be un.
dertaken simultaneously at various centres, so
that the results can be compared and allow
ance made for difference in local climatic
conditions. II is suggested that possibly a
study OF the records OF the Weather Bureau
might furnish useful Information on the con.
dition in past years.
Further tests OF natural and artificial! llum-
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-09-20

should he white, but the wall opposite 10 the
window and the wall behind the students
should be lightly coored from thirty inches
above the desk level. The wall around and
behind blackboards should be somewhat
darker than the rest OF the room. All furn.
tire, desks, fittings and surfaces in the lower
part OF the room should be finished in an IN
obtrusive color dark shades and black being
avoided.
Tests are to be undertaken in England to
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-09-20

In the ideally Lighted School Room the
Windows ca Should Be on the Left and
Should Run Clear to the Ceilins the Lower
Walls (B) Should Be of Some Unobtrusive
Color, but Never Black; the Wall Around
Biaokboards CO. Slightly Darker Than the
Rest OF the Room; the Wall Opposite tho
Window (D). Lightly Colored from Thirty
Inches Above the Desk Level.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-09-20
SCIENCE NOW KNOWS

THAT PLANTS CAN FEEL.
wv tain ferns will the
the pot the
with its
entacles
WHY HAND SHAKING is DANGEROUS.
hngenas
- and children less kinds disease in
c nj
NEW USE PHoNoGRAPHs.
calming from the horror of the sit
partia II thesia
WHY POPULAR.
MUSICIANS greatest
= the
rqision 1t grateful form those
who suffer slight degrees Of deafne
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-09-20

nation under varied conditions will be car
ried out in schools and correlated with tests
OF the eyesight and general physique OF school
children. in order TO trace the circumstances
which give rise to defective sight.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-09-20

AS a rule, when a person goes
into the air for the first time the
earth seems TO be falling away from
him while he remains stationary.
At a height OF perhaps half q mile
The Anderson daily intelligencer. [volume] (Anderson, S.C.) 1914-1915, 1914-01-30
Il A1M PAE D@yotsd p Nent,. and
- Naeeledn l9r
Pound, s 4 llat 81 q $3.50 this3 would

pounds Of linE as 1880 thiss would
.,.4,4s $1OEI1. s ~ fE
The seed from the short staple
acre would beT worth about $3.50
more than the long staple acre, at SO
cents per baahel- Ik would cnst more
to gin the 140O ponds OF long staple
than the 2100 pounds Of short staple,
but at 30 cents per 200, IL would
cost $3.50 more to pick the short
staple than the long staple, which
would take the extra amount receiv-
ed for short staple seed. !.
1t took the same amount of land,
fertilizer and labor to produce 39S
pounds Of long staple cotton that it
took to produce S03 pounds of short
staple. So it is evident, from Mr..
Fletcher's experience this year, that
it costs more than twice as much to
produce g pound of long staple cotton
as it does TO produce a pound of
short staple; and. to yield the same
profit, the long staple must sell for
more than twice as much as the short
staple. '5
The Daily and Advocate will he
glad to receive reports of the exper-
fence of other farmers. Others have
no doubt obtained different results.