davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1914-11-04
LARGEST liner IS
QUESTION OF
DEBATE

For some little time a controversy
has been going on between the White
Star and the Cunard lines concerning
the ownership of the largest British
liner afioat. If tonnage be taken as
the standard factor in determining
size, the White Star Line certainly
seems to have the better of the argu-
ment, for Lloyds Register gives the
OIympic's gross tonnage as $3.50,
against 45,647 tons for the Aquitania.
The net tonnage Of the Olympic ic
22,250 and that CT the. Aquitania H.
993, and the undertook tonnages are,
respectively, 35.043 and 28.408. The
official dimensions of the two boats
show the Olympic to be much deep
er and narrower vessel than the Aqui-
tania. The length overall Of 882 feet
s inches Of the Olympic Is carried out
to 9Ol feet in the Aquitania Then
the Olympic has so feet 5 inches
breadth. while that Of the Aquitania
Is 81 feet In moulded depth, how
ever, the difference Is considerable,
the Olympic having So feet 5 inches
against only 40 feet Z inches for the
Aquitania. Tonnage, as everybody
knows. is apurely empirical method
Of measurement, the object Of which
Is the leyyfng Of tonnage dues. For
the purpose Of the collector OF dock
dues, tonnage matters a great deal,
and we understand that the Mersey
dock authorities are quite disappodnt-
ed with the, low net register tonnage
OF the Afuitania pom which dues are
levied. As to the relative merits Of
form between the Olympic and Aqui-
tanta as disclosed by their dimensions,
we shall leave this to the care of our
naval architect readers.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1914-11-04
IH0USllbSSPENI
ILLUMINATING
Liner

That many thousands of dollars
have been spent In converting the
British liner Empress Of Asia, one OF
the most palatiai passenger carriers
operated in the Pacific. into an auxil-
larry cruiser Is the report brought to
HonoluIu from the coast through adj
vices, received from British Columbia
81 A melI-known seafarfng man, recent
w returned from the China coast. was
permitted to 90 aboard the Asia after
the alterations were made, and before
she LETT for patrol duty. This officer
was familiar with both the new EN-
pres boats, and states the changes
he found were fseartbreaking to che
who had admired the vessel when It
went into commission
Many will remember the beauty and
taste with which she was furnished
and equipped Those beautiful fur
nishings have now disappeared, and
even her outside appearance has been
altered well nigh beyond recognition.
4 The furniture and woodwork in the
staterooms, in the hair dozen rest
rooms and ladies' parlors, and the
main dining room and smoking sa-
looms has all been ripped out and dis
posed Of Upholstered chairs and
lounges have given way to sailors
hamrhocks, velvet carpets to steel
floors, and cargo space TO. storage
rooms for ammunition. A score Of
.quickNfring guns now poke their mug
zles threateningly over her rails. and
her spotless white sides have been
changed to lead color.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1914-11-04
SAY NA|lll USED
AsBAs'ETDR
GERMANS il.
tBy Latest MaifI

49, n 3Atss Iby. l<dJeBJs 4alll 49,, 3
sWASHfNGTON. Sir Cecil Spring
Rice, the1 british ambassador. called
the attention Of Acting Secretary Lam
sing to alleged violations of neutrality
I'm the Phflfppfnes,s where, be said. the
British government believed various
German ships had been coaled at sea-
!. Inquiry was directed Immediately
by the state department to the author
lities at Manila. According to advices
to the embassy, other neutral vessels
than the American steamer Rio Pasig,
recently seized as q prize by the Brit
ish and carried to Hong Kong, have
been secretly supplying the German
cruisers which have been pleying upon
British commerce in Far Eastern
waters.
1 The ambassador discussed the ques-
ton Of what restrictions might be
laid on this practise. The state de-
partment recently took the ground
thar merchant vessels. even under
neutral agents, could not legally carry
supplies from American Atlantic ports
10 the German cruisers of the coast
and In West Indian waters, and the
ambassador asks that the same doc
trine shall be applied to the Philip
~ ! - = x
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1914-11-04
PANAMA. CANAL !
TRAFFIC IS
=
LARGE
IBy Latest Mali

I PANAMA, Oct. Il H. Correspond
ence of the Associated Press. mot.
withstanding that the war has largely
curtailed shipping activities. the can
al traffic for the first six weeks was
greater. says Col Goethals. than had
been expected, and indicates that
within year the tolls may be suffi-
Gent to pay all operating expenses.
The canal has thus far earned $685.
706. Between August Is. and October
4, 81 seIf-prupelled vessels made use
of it. Most Of these were ships Of
American registry; those flying the
British nag were second. There were
no German ships nor Italian. French
or Japanese vessels. Four Norwegi-
an ships have, passed through, and
one each from Denmark and Holland
The Peruvian torpedo boat Tentienta
Rodriguez was the first and thus far
the onlyswarship 10 use the canal.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1914-11-04
new Light SHED
ON MYSTERY
SHIP

Parties interested in the steamer
Sacramento, formerly the kosmos
steamer Alexandria. which has been
the center of federal discussion for
weeks, had a further explanation to
make of the vessels mysterious" voy-
age to the west coast, according to
advices from the coast. The freighter,
it is said, is not being sent to South
America for the sole purpose Of carry
ing a cargo of coal and other mer-
chandise consigned to the electric rail-
road at Valparaiso, but partly for the
purpose of bringing here cargo tied up
in the German steamers Memphis and
Karnak, which are interned In ports on
the west coast These two kosmos
vessels we're en- route here when the
war broke out and much Of their
freight is consigned to local firms.
Following the departure OF the Sac
rameEto, which went to sea recently
shipping men were busy commenting
as to possible developments in con.
necticn with the vessel, which now
flies the American flag. The reports
that the Sacramento's cargo Is des-
tined for a German rendezvous on the
lower coast are persistently denied by
the interested parties, who refuse to
diyulge the contents of the manifest.
Custom house officials were willing to
make the manifest public provided the
brokers and others interested in the
ship were willing, but the latter; in
line with the secrecy that has marked
the steamers history since she became
the Sacramento, refused permission.
Members OF the SHIPPING world who
continue to intimate that the Sacra-
mentos destination has something to
do with the Germans, point out that
her cargo is composed Of just the ma
terial necessary for the outfitting of a
fleet or vessels. In addition tor 1000
tons Of coal the steamer. carries va
rious kinds of lubricating and engine
oils. rope and other gear, and pota-
toes, onions, beans and other general
stofes. ESk ss5sEs +
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1914-11-04
ARE
GETTING MUCH
BUSINESS
IBy Latest MALL


VANCOUVER. B. C.-Word is daily
expected from Captain Beetham, mar
inc superintendent of the c. P. r.,
that the company has arranged to
maintain some sort OF a transpacific
service The admiralty requisitioned
all of the company's boats in this ser
vice. The Japnaese lines. in conse-
quence, are getting all the business.
Captain Beetham, when he departed
for Montreal, did not divulge the pur-
pose of his mission but in shipping
circles 1t is taken as a safe guess that
1t had to do with the transpacific ser
vice. -"
II would not be surprising at all
to hear that the G. P. r. had chartered
the Great Northern liner Minnesota.
This is one of Mr.. James J. Hills
white elephants. 1t Is a monster ship
which never sailed with near a eapac-
ity cargo from It's home port in Seat
lie. Her capacity is $4,000 measure
ment tons. She has a passenger ac-
comodation for $50 passengers, which
might with little expense be largely
increased sE K
It was announced some time aga
that the next sailing of the Minnesota
had been Indefinitely postponed Since
that time there has been many rumors
about the ship, the principal one Icing
that she is turned over to the C. P. r.
II Ii inevitable that If the G. P. r.
does not do something soon it will lose
to other lines the splendid trade which
It built up with the Orient There
seems no probability of the release by
the admiralty of the boats it requ;s..
toned ts - g..
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1914-11-04

Schooner jackson Ready to SAIL.
Bringing word that the schooner E.
,: Jackson would soon be ready TO
SAL from Ahukini. Kauai. to the coast,
the lnterIsland steamer w. G. Hail
returned from the garden island this
n.orning bringing 166 sacks of rice, SO
sacks of bran. 2 autos, several crates
Of chickens and 70 packages of sun
dries
The schooner Jackson with ship.
meht Of coal from Australia is about
discharged. The vessel was expected
% set away on Saturday The Hall
= reported to have met with pleasant
eather.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1914-11-04
SWEET
POTATO Dish

This new sweet potato dish will in
terest those, who seek the novel. Sea-
son two cupfuIs OF baked sweet pota-
toes that have been pressed through
colander with salt and pepper, and
add a beaten egg and a little hot
cream. Form into balls and Into each
press a pitted prune into which two
walnut meats have been forced. This
prune. should not be visible. Dip the
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1914-11-04
WEATHER TODAY

Temperature a.. m, q: 8 a. m.
II: 10 a. m.,, II; IL noon, 81. Mini.
mum last night, r.. Barometer at 8
a. m. 80. Relative humidity. a. m,
H. = - : ~. :, -.
winds a. M, NE-12; a. m. Els;
10 q. m, NE-15; ~ noon, NE-9. Move
mett, past "a hours 160 Dew-point
at s a. m, 81 Absolute humidity. 8
a. m. 7.073. Total rainfall during past
"a hours, ,05. n s..,st -, .
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1914-11-04

Agent Here is book you can't
afford to be without" Victim Il never
read books" AGENT Buy it for your
children. yictim-"1 have no family.
only a cat. Agent-'.We don't You
need good, heavy hook to throw at
the cat sometimes?"
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1914-11-04
peIiohtful Wares !,

Il am going to sell kisses at the,
charity fair You'll buy some, won't
yoii?''s ss- l#sf
Il guess So" said the young man.
Are you distributing any samples ?"-i
Louisville Courier Journal.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1914-11-04

Schooner Levers Away for the Sound.
With magnificent spread of sail
the big American schooner Robert
Levers. taking ballast only, proceed.
ed to Puget Sound this morning after
having been towed to the. open sea
and given good start to distance
of several miles on the harbor. The
Robert Levers has been discharged
of shipment of lumber. z.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1914-11-04

First lawyer got even with that
reptile De Middle.
Second Lawyer-HowG
First Lawyer-His wife came TO see
me about divorcing him and praised
him up so highly she's decided to
stick to him.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1914-11-04

Lionel Claude Toynbee, native of
England and q seaman by profession,
has filed declaration OF intention to
become 6 citizen In the Office of the
clerk of the federal court.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1914-11-04
RAoIoeRAMs.

? - - = HADIOGRAMS.
!. s. s. Shinyo Maru arrives from
San Francisco early Friday. morning
and proceeds to Yokohama 5 p. m.
same day. RI r.. Is:
u. S. A. T. Logan arrives of harbor
$3.50 p. m. today and proceeds to San
Francisco 5 p. m. Thursday. Mote
II transport not of harbor by $50 p.
m. win not dock until Z q. m. Thurs.
day merning.) =
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1914-11-04
HARBOR NOIEs

2
Repairs to the Matson tug Intrepid
nov on the drydock are about COM
pleted.
The Oceanic liner Ventura, sched-
Euied to depart for the coast at 5.
O'Clock on Friday afternoon, will carry
the next mail to the mainland.
{ Al large item In the cargo brought
TO the port from Koloa was a quantity
of scrapiron consisting Of machinery
from dismantied sugar mill
Departing from Honolulu on 0cto-
Der 81, the Japanese steamer Asama
Maru Is reported to have arrived at
Portland. Ore, on last Monday.
Pending repairs to one of the Inter
island steamers, the Kilauea has been
placed on the berth to steam for.
Kona and Kan ports on Friday noon.
A number Of tourists departed for
the island of Hawaii and the volcano
in the Inter-Island steamer Maunai
Rea this morning. A small cargo was!
supplied the vessel.
Bringing no passengers or cargo,
the Japanese liner Shtnyo hfaru from
San Francisco is due to arrive at the.
port on Friday. It is the intention to
despatch the Shinyo for the Orient In
the afternoon.
! i 4als - : . Z =
Presumably delayed because Of
rough weather. the United States
army transport Logan is expected to
arrive at q late hour. this evening, In
which event the troopship win be de-
spatched for San Francisco on Thurs
day.
The territorial band proved a mag
net that drew large throng Of spec
tatcrs at Pier Is at the departure OF
the Matson steamer Wilheimina for
San Francisco this morning. The yes
sci carried a big outgoing mail in addi-
ton 10 100 passengers.
Considerable uncertainty exists re-
garding the date of arrival of the
Canadian Austra1asian liner Niagara.
now due from Vancouver and vic
tcria. II is predicted that this vessel
may omit cali at Honolulu in steam;
ing from British Columbia to Aus,
tralia.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1914-11-04
ELECTION VOTES

We are wearing these things be-
cause we are paid for the days work, )"
said a Democratic watcher at Kalihi
pumping station poll to Republican
candidate who had ioked about the
great number of McCandless buttons
and Democratic BADGES in evidence,
but when we go inside there to vote
we choose for ourselves" =
Supervisor Wolter, at the Kapuaiwa
building poll yesterday afternoon,
called Ben Hollinger to account for
reflections on him in the campaign,
and only the Intervention of John w.
Mcdonald prevented blows from sue
ceeding hot words. There was
humorous turn to the incident from
VOTERS mistaking the peacemaker
for Hcllinger's father. He told Mac
he was sorry that he should have
such son. &. + ~
Il have never voted anything but a
Democratic ticket before. said stall
wart native at Kakaako to a. Repub-
lican candidate yesterday afternoon,
"but Mayor Fern told US last election
If we gave him a Democratic board
of supervisors we would see what he
would do for u.s. Well, we gave him.
a Democratic board. and now you
can see for yourself what he has done
for our roads. Some Of US are vot-
ing for you today and we expect you
to do the right thing for US. !"
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1914-11-04

shall pump up the tires, sirr'
wait until we get out into the
country, Jacques. heard the doctor
say that the air around here Ii very
impure"
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1914-11-04
--
VESSELS TO AND
FROM THE ISLANDS
Especial Wireless to Merchants .
Exchange.

SAN FRANCISC Sailed, November
4. p. m, S. S. Matsonia, for Homo
lulu. ~
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1914-11-04
The
Y uletide Approaches

3 =
At this season the minds Of the purchasing
public are in far more receptive mood than
at any other time Of the year. Therefore, more
susceptible to the suggestions which come from
the reading of intelligent ads.
Consequently:
At this time every wide-awake, live merchant
is, or soon should be- planning and executing
his advertising campaign in such manner as
will show his tendency toward cooperation with
those whose forethonght tells them that Bet
ter Early than Late and 1.-THE Early Bird,
ETC., ETC., are all very true adages.
For the same reason, Mr.. Merchant, that your
customers come early to get the pick Of sale,
should you advertise early!
We are long way from many, who will,
doubtless receive Xmas gifts from Hawaii Nei
and you and are not the only ones who realize
this
Assist your patrons, BY placing at their dls-
posal, through the medium of advertising, such
information as will draw to your store, as does
an oasis the traveller in the desert.
THE AID MAN. -
- - s3@f4z - -
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1914-11-04

balls In crumbs and egg. Then brown
the potato balls In deep fat; drain and
serve at once.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1914-11-04

STAR-BUILETIN GIVES YOU
TODAY'S NEWS TODAY
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1914-11-04

Departing from Honolulu on 0cto-
Der 81. the Japanese steamer Asama
Maru is reported to have arrived at
Portland. Ore, on last Monday.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1914-11-04

Pending repairs to one of the Inter
island steamers. the Kilauea has been
placed on the berth to steam for
Kona and Kan ports on Friday noon.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1914-11-04

Al large item In the cargo brought
to the port from Koloa was q quantity
OF scrapiron consisting Of machinery
from dismantled sugar mill.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1914-11-04

A number Of tourists departed for
he island of Hawaii and the volcano
In the 1nter-Island steamer Mauna'
zea this morning. A small cargo was
supplied the vessel.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1914-11-04

sTAR.BULLETIN GIVES ron
TODAvsS VIEWS TODkV
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1914-11-04

Bringing no passengers or cargo,
the Japanese liner Shtnyo Maru from
San Francisco is due to arrive at the
port on Friday. It is the intention TO
despatch the Shinyo for the Orient in
the afternoon.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1914-11-04

The Oceanic liner Ventura, sched-
uied to depart for the coast at 5
O'Clock on Friday afternoon, will carry
the next mail to the mainland.
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1914-03-30
ARBOR DAY
Friday is to Be in the Schools
of This State as Set Apart
by the Governor.

Tho governor has set aside Friday,
anriI 2 TO be observed as Arbor ana
Bird Day by all the schools or Ine
state. The vast good that has re-
suited from the general Observance OF
the spirit of this day can not pc es
tfmated in terms of dollars and cents,
~ can only be reckoned in d1minutloh
oY hoods and droughts and their az
tendant effects upon agricultural PIo-
auction: in homes and school proper
tics rendered more beautiful END more
satisfving: and in lives influenced ana
-1oo1dad nv the refining and humane
inc effects of living in close harmony o,ly
With the trees, the flowers and the
birds. 49, +bo time is
nov near at hand when the useless useless
Jes+rrction of trees and Wild amman
Iife viii everywhere be looked upon
&c moral offense. il not, indeed,
ete+r+orv offense. This sense OF pro,
tec+ion can best be develoPeG
throueh the schools and the scn l ~
children but parents may 90 Inucn -
encourage it. When arbor day comes
sround this year do not be conten o
With the mere transplanting or tres s
~ the erection of bird house-er -s
~ transmit to others measure o.
| that love for Nature and all Nature =. :
creatures which. will ultimately re-
snIt In a more beautiful and more
healthy country and urban IRE:
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1914-03-30

ct1eIle. IN. Y. studio of Thanhouser
Mutual Movies. For four years Mr
Ilonergan has written all the Than
houser plays OF which there have
been three a week. Many of them
have been plural reel productions.
$50 Mr.. Lonerran has really wr:tten
more material than appears from the
number of the photopiays. He IS
probably the most productive scena-
rio writer in America.
Comedy viii 10 the order OF
things at the Robinson Grand Wed
nesday night, April L, when May
irwin will appear in her latest sue
cess widow by Proxy" which Tn
for over a third of year at George
IN Cohan's theater in New York Iasl
season Miss irwin IS credited with
'being the most Independent star on
the American stage, having amassed
= large fortune by means of her con
genial methods OF making Amerlca
laugh. Her season of late years mas
been short, an annual enGagellsei
being played in New York, and a le"
of the largest cities OF the cou II, >
are covered by brief tour. aei
pIays usually are not taken serious
" her striking personality and her
very effective, though restraineu
and refined comedy methods, sutlce
to make complete and satisfactory
an evenings entertainment.
=
Neil o'Brien and his Great Amer.
lean Minstrels," under the eticlen'
minstrel management of Oscar r
Hodge. with everything brand new
this season. from fret part to 1 Ild
curtain, will be the attraction at Lne
Robinson Grand Friday, april Z. VT vi;
OBrien and his merry mlhsl ..5
crowd will he a welcome event. W..
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1914-03-30

come because this most recent OF
minstrel stars established giltedge
reputation everywhere last season.
and enjoys an env.able record LOT
having presented one OF the c4eanest.
most refined and most Thoroughly
enjoyable minstrel entertainments
this country has witnessed in gen
Grafton.
stop Thief IS good title for
the Cohen and Harris farce TO oe
seen at the Robinson Grand. II rep
resen s the most brazen laugh grao-
be- on the American stage: he . Sts@t -
away your reason and bolts with IT
without so much as by your
leave. good sir He is sneak thief
spec alizing in giggles, and he forces
Won 10 like him whether you VIII or
nor. You laugh at the play ana
! laugh at yourself for Laughing.
There is not a situation in the tafee
| acts that you cannot see coIilt I9
4 long before it arrives. Il is tagged
and labeled in advance. Everything
\ that happens is planned aad planted
4 in full view of the audience. 1t Is as
full of tricks as a conjurers I.
The feature offering today at the
4 Riiou theater is The Chest of For
tune" two part Kalem war story
with reproduction of battle scenes and
raids BY the noted John Morgan. rms
i feature is a thriller and all photoplay
i lovers should not fail to see It.
+ The vaudeville bill for the first hall
oq The week at the Odeon include
fine singing and dancing act by Allen
and Arnold, prominent circuit head
liners, and an exceedingly clever act
nv sigma. the girl from Normandy.
This is feature day at the Odeon Tor
raotoplay ofTerings and an unusual
two reel drama entitled "A Cruel Re
veuge' and powerful BlogTapn
srana entitled Her Fathers Silent
partner" are being shown. Tuesdays
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1914-03-30
THE THEATERS

Permission has been received from
the secretary OF war whereby the
Vitagraph Company VIII be enabled
to take six important motion pic
lures destined for the Vitagraph
theater, in which the entire depart
1nent of Texas, under command OF
General Tas;ker II. Bliss and Briga-
der General Frederick Funston, will
be utilized.
a farce comedy by Abraham
Schooner, called "Oh, What a Day"
is TO be produced by the Henry B..
Harris estate.
For the first time in the history OF
motion pictures, an earnest effort
has been made TO depict the ancient
Jewish Feast OF the Passover on the
motion picture screen. Assisted by
the Bureau or Education or the Jew
isrl Community, otherwise known as
The '.Kehillah," Kalem has procured
. two-part drama. "A Passover Mira
Gle" based upon this important ho!l-
day
Margery Maude is to appear with
Margaret Anglin in the latter's revival
Of Lady Windemere's Fan
To have written more than SIX
hundred produced photoplays g the
record held by Lloyd T. I.onergan,
production chief at the New Ro-