Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-09-20
Educational
Enrolment.

GAIoA1AueAs' cording to preliminary
estimates completed yesterday by the
| federal bureau of educa ton. With the
steady year-to-year increase of pupils
| in educational institutions of all kinds,
| there is a similar increase in the num-
| Der of teachers At the present time
| schools and colleges employ, it is es-
timated, more than 100000 trained men
and women to teach the army of young
people who are seeking an education
According to the new estimates, the
! public elementary schools contain by
| far the larger number of pupils, the
enrolment this year running up to
more than 17.25S,00O. The public sec
ondary schools, it is estimated, will
have to provide for 100000 pupils or
more, making an aggregate of nearly
100000 pupils who are receiving the
benefits of public education in the
United States. The private elementary
schools will have an estimated enroll
ment of more than 100000 during
| ondary schools will have approximate
~ $4,000, or total enrolment for
private elementary and secondary
schools of nearly 1,750,00O.
In the colleges and universities o.
the United States it is estimated that
there will be an enrolment of nearly
216,000 young men and women durin=
the coming year, exclusive of nearly
$1,000 who will attend the various pro-
fessional schools. That the army of
teachers engaged in training the youth
of the country will be kept large
enough for the country's educational
needs is assured by the fact that
there will be more than 81, 900 pupils
United States during the coming year.
Business and special schools, including
city evening schools, United States
government schools, music and art
schools, will have an enrolment, based
on estimates, of $4,000. OF the $4,000
teachers in the public and private
schools and colleges of the United
States. approximately $4,000 are en-
gagged in work in the public schools,
while the remainder are employed in
the private schools and colleges.
The estimated cost of education
during the coming session of l914-13
is $737,000,O00, or a daily national ex-
pense of nearly 100000 for educa-
than 200 days, which is a high average
for the United States taken as a whole.
The average cost per pupil in the ele-
mentary schools throughout the United
States is now s24.S1, and in the sec
ondary schools the cost is $53.4O. The
expenditures in the public elementary
schools are more than S42S,00O,000 a
year. and in the public secondary
schools more than $69,000.00O a year.
The average salary of the teachers
in the schools and colleges of the
United States is now estimated at 5000
year. This seems small. but eX-
perts in the bureau of education point
out that the fact must be taken into
consideration that many of the sal
aries in rural districts are very small,
particularly in the sections where the
school terms are limited to few
months work each year.
h If.I a M
ing into Commissioner of Education
p. P. Claxton, the work of improving
school property is going on steadily
and better class of buildings is GO
ing up each year in all parts OF the
country. The tendency is in most of
the large cities today to construct hre-
proof buildings only, and it is be-
lieved that the better type of con
struction will also extend in few
years to most rural districts. The
estimated value of all property used
in the United States today for school
purposes is more than $1,000, 100000.
"Rout the rat is a slogan which is
going the rounds of port cities in all
parts of the country.
Fighting where the people are as
anxious to rid their
VIC nd1. communities of the brown
flea-carrying rodent which spreads bu-
bonic plague as all Americans have
been in recent years to swat the fly"
and help in the depopulation of the in
sect which provides means of trans
portation for germs of many diseases,
particularly typhoid fever. A complete
report of the campaigns going on in
dozen important port cities has just
been submitted to DIR. Rupert Blue,
surgeon general of the United States
public health service. who believes
that if the work which has been start
ed is persisted in the United States
will have little to fear from plague
scares in the future.
Although seaport cities in all parts
of the country have started active
campaigns of rat determination in re-
cent months, Surgeon General Blue
says that a start in work of this kind,
important as it is, means very little
unless it is made d permanent feature
of city's public health program. In
other words, ''rout the rat activities
must be carried on as persistently and
continuously as swat the fly cam
paigns if a community is to be kept
free from the disease which these pests
carry and spread to places of human
habitation. San Francisco, after sew
eral bubonic plague scares, has now
the most thoroughly rat-proofed city
in the United States, and the head of
the public health service believes that
every port in the country which is a
point of plague infection may do well
by following after the California me
tropolis.
Among the cities the progress of
whose work in rat determination has
just been reported to Surgeon General
Blue are New York, Philadelphia, Bal
tmore, st. Louis, Charleston, S. c.:
Jacksonville, Galveston, Natchez and
Gulfport, Miss: Mobile, Ala, and Pen
sacola, Fla. None of these cities has
had plague scares. In New Orleans
this work has been going on very ac-
lively during the whole of the sum
mer because of the number of cases
ported. and in recent years practically
all of the new buildings put up in San
Francisco are rat-proofed in their
original construction.
In New York city DR.. Charles J..
OConnell, health officer of the port,
has taken special precautions to pre-
vent the introduction of plague-infest-
ed rats. The rodents are killed by
fumigation of the ships and bacterio-
logically examined at the new labora-
tory recently established at the place
is highly pleased with the foresighted-
ness of the public health authorities of
Philadelphia in planning an antirat
campaign. At the request of the di-
rector of public health and charities,
an officer of the United States public
health service has been sent to advise
and assist the local authorities and
twelve inspectors to take part in the
work have been appointed by the city