davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1914-12-21
Weekly Bureau OF In
formation for All Who
Till the Soil or Arc In
terested in Making Homes
WINTER FEED FOR
THE DAIRY cow

During the winter months it is gem
orally found difficult to provide such
food rs is necessary for the dairy COW
to keep up the regular flow Of milk.
At this season of the year feed is
generally scarcc-thc proper kind for
have on hand Is often of an inferior
quality.
After coming off the green fresh
grass they do not relish such dry feed.
md. being of an inferior quality. one
VIII soon notice q great decrease In
the flow OF milk.
For this reason it is very important
for tho farmer to try and provide an
abundance OF different feeds to make
up for this dry or inferior feed
or course, the flow of milk cannot
be kept UP to what they give during
the spring and summer when paSturcd.
but with plenty of first-class hay. such
feed for bran and cornmeal kept on
hand that II may be fed literally two
or three times day AS Stops. there
Will not be so much decrease in the
milk supply. after all That is. If 1t Is
given to them literally and regularly.
Do not think II Is waste to feed
such feed when there isn't anything
but dry hay of some kind TO feed on.
On the latter, then COW can barely
maintain her flesh much less keep up
the milk supply.
When we have good clover hay and
alfalfa not so much of the bran, fine
feed or meal is required. rs both, when
cured properly. are very strong feeds
and cattle thrive on them.
| am not going to attempt to give
the amount that should be fed. as /
leave chat for the dnryman to decide
for himself. What wish to impress
upon the readers mind is this: The
necessity of having on hand always
liberal supply OF bran. meal, fine feed.
etc, to go with the dry hay or corn
fodder. which is generally Of an In
ferior quality. fed ut this season Of the
year.
Without the above feed mentioned,
il is impossible for the dairyman to
obtain good results during the season
when cattle arc not paStured
Apples should be kept Just above the
freezing point in the cellar. II possible
Potatoes ut n temperature of 40 de-
greeS and squash in n dry place whore
they Will not freeze
The sQuashcs should be fed carly in
the winter. rs under ordinary storage
conditions they cannot be depended
upon for long keeping.
OF the apples. the culls Of the early
winter varieties are, of course, first
varieties may be reserved for later
feeding.
a bran mash with chopped bcets or
carrots stirred into 1t Is n great treat.
and Is beneficial form OF feeding
which should be offered occasionally
BE sure that the bran or meal offered
TO the COW Is sweet and good, or
trouble may result.
The corn stalks may be fed once n
day and clover or ont hay at another
meal. The last meal of the day being
the bran and vegetable mixture.
SQuashes and large beets should al
ways be partly cut up, as they arc
dihicult for Il COW to manage when
whole.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1914-12-21
CURING AND KEEPING
SMOKED MEAT

Meat that Is to be cured should al
ways be thoroughly cooled and be cut
into convenient sizes. before 1t Is put
into the brine or packed in dry salt
The pieces most commonly used for
this purpose are ham. shoulder and
bacon pieces from pork: and the
cheaper cuts. such rs the plate. Shout
der and chuck ribs. of beef. Mutton
is very seldom cured and preserved.
but Is mostly used fresh All tho
pieces that are to go through the cur
ing process should be well trimmed,
so rs to have no ragged edges or
scraggy ends left, as these portions
Will become dry and be practically
wasted.
The two methods OF curing meat
that are commonly used are the brine
process and dry-curing. Brine-cured
meats are probably the best for farm
use. for several reasons. In the first
place, on most farms 1t is impossible
to secure a desirable place in which
TO dry-cure. 1t is also less trouble to
handle the meat when brinc-cured: as
the only attention that 1t requires IL
10 properly prepare and pack the meat
In the vessel, and prepare the brine
Tor IL. Whereas, in the case of the
dry-curinR method. II requires consid-
cradle time to rub and salt the meat
at different times.
During moderate weather smoked
meat may be left In the smoke-houso
for some time. The house should no
kept perfectly dark, and we'll enough
ventilated to prevent dampness.
dry. cool cellar or attic, with free cir
culntion. Will be n satisfactory place
for smoked meats at all seasons. IL
Ii is kept dark and the flies are OK
cluded.
II to be held only n short time. hams
and bacon Will need only to he hung
out separately, without covering For
longer keeping, 1t will be necessary
TO wrap them first in waXed paper and
then In burlap. canvas or muslin, and
70 hang them In an an airy, cool place;
the object being to gain uniform
temperature and to keep away Insects
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1914-12-21
INCREASE OF RATES
MARKETS Chief EVENT
All Other Happenings of Week Are Sub
ordinnted to Final Victory
for Railroads.

NEW YORK, December 20.-All
other events of the last week In the
securities market. which included re-
newal of dealings In the full stock
list. were Subordlnated to the Inter
state Commerce Commissions decision
granting increased freight rates on the
railroads In the Eastern territory. The
Importance and extent of the action.
which affects more than 1000 roads
was the subject Of much debate. 1t
would appear. however, that the in
creases, which exclude such Importa mt
commodities as coal and Iron ore. aver
age from 3h to 4 per cent on at least
so per cent OF total traffic. stock
prices reacted from the first upward
rush of the week and were at lowest
level when news OF the decision became
known. This resulted In general
recovery, though In no instance to Tues
days high level, when full dealings
were restored.
The higher range OF that day evil
IDENTITY attracted some foreign selling,
but not enough in Itself to make n
marked impression on values.
Monetary conditions showed steady
Improvement, the plan for London
credit fund being dropped. The cotton
loan pool began operations although it
Is still felt that this device Is merely
nominal now that the looseninE OF
bank credits through natural channels
has become so general. Reductions of
discounts of various Federal reserve
banks offer added proof Of this condi-
ton.
Foreign exchange continued to mako
further response to increasing favor
able trade balance, the week being
marked by heavy exports of cotton.
Reichsmarks went steadily lower, the
outcome. 1t was thought. OF German
sales OF our stocks. and bills on London
were decidedly easier.
The weeks unfavorable factors in
Nolved dividend reductions by several
of the more important railroads and
poor returns of traffic income for No
vember. In addition, the record acre
age for winter wheat was Offset by
it's low condition, as reported by the
government.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1914-12-21
Not Too Bu.y to GO to schoo,.

Alvin Ramseycr is one Of the good
farmers OF his State, no matter what
state he lives in. He owns a farm Of
ll6 acres, on which he has nineteen
and three-quartcrs miles OF tile drains.
In fact, he hns tile placed forty feet
apart all over his farm
He follows 4 rotation OF potatoes,
wheat and clover, the farm being
equally divided among the three
crops Last year Mr.. Eamscyer har-
vested an average Of 1870 bushels O.
potatoes per acre. which ne sold at SO
cents per bushel. He uscs 900 pounds
OF 4-l6-l0 home mixed fertilizer per
acre on his potatoes, and finds that IL
pays well.
Mr.. Ramseyer is q very busy man.
but he finds time to manage the ar
ranSemcnts for the farmers day al
the local Chautauqua. helps TO arrange
FOR the agricultural! extension school
and the farmers Institutes, and ALWAYS
plans to take the eight weeks course
IN agriculture given AT the college Of
agriculture OF his State In January and
February.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1914-12-21
FIXING UP THE
CHICKEN-HOUSE

Have YOU fixed up the chicken
mouse This question was recently
asked Mt n meeting OF farmers, and
only one raised his hand in the aff,rma-
tive. "a"
Outside-Nail down loose battens
siding shingles or roofing. Put in
Whole glass where any is broken
Use building paper, rather than bank
ing for the latter is often wet from
the caves and causes dampness.
lnside-lf the house Is OF wood and
slnsle-boarded, line II with building
paper of some kind. The roosting
chamber should have two or three
thicknesses Of paper overhead and on
al SIDES. This is commonly formed bv
the roof and sides OF the building. and
the dropping boards for the floor.
As tho dropping boards nre COW,
monty feet s inches wide. this width
VIII admit Of using three roosts, which
may De made OF poles. or 2x4's, slightly
rounded, nailed edgewise on cross
pieces of ks resting on the dropping
boards The length OF the three roosts
Will be determined by the number Of
hens
me roostins chamber must be made
larger or smaller. according to the
number OF fowls kept, by a movable
partition OF light framework, covered
win cloth or. building paper. a cur.
VI H'uSiiH Durtap, or
other material. is hung in front OF the
roosts. to prevent drafts and conserve
the natural heat of the flock. nv mo
use or the partition and curtain, the
comfort OF the flock may be maintained
In all kinds Of weather.
ample restroom should be pro-
Eidcd, Tor supplying which cracker
boxes may be divided and Dlaced on
supports beneath the dropping boards.
II'Eht nests are sufficient for twenty
five hens.
dust-boN should be placed in front
or window, and kept filled with sIft
ed hard-coal ashes
There should be a hopper for drv.
inasn on the wall: also one for grit,
shells and charcoal
y water-table should alao bo n,o
'ided. so that the water may not be
easily tipped over. or filled with III
ter when the hens are SCRATCHING Nh.
moor, of whatever kind, should be GOV
erea with litter to the depth of six
inchcs: and this should be renewed No
often as 1t becomes foul or damp. The
grain feed should be scattered in the
litter. to Induce exercise
Nentilation-It is conceded that tbe
muslin front gives the best yentiIa
tion Too much glass will cause the
mousse to BIO too warm when the sun
SHINES and too cold at other times. Al
Ie"st one-half of the open surface
shouiu be covered with muslin burIap
or some other cloth material In a
mouse with gable room, straw-Ioft
may furnish sufficient ventilatIon Hon.
Will lay we'll In any house that Ia dr,.
ana comfortable, II fed well-baIanceJ
ration or farm grown feeds-N. F..
Chapman. '
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1914-12-21
BIG MEN IN MARKET
ARE BULllSH ON WHEAT
Prices Arc Going Up. but Higher Fig
urcs Fall to Bring Out General
Selling.

CHICAGO. December 20.-The big
men In the grain market in Chicago.
as well as elsewhere. are on the bull
side OF wheat--not only in the futures.
but in the cash az well. One Of the
leading men in this market. whose
house controls more or less cash wheat.
is James a. Patten. member of the
firm Of Bartlett, Frazier e Co. Some
Of tho other large spectators here are
also bullish
milling and grain trade Is bullish on
wheat. The same conditions exist at
Winnipeg. as we'll as In both the large
south western markets. At New York
and Baltimore there are many bulls
on wheat.
A big grain concern received a tele-
gram from Hastings, Neb., on Satur-
day. saying there had been an almost
complete lct-up In the movement OF
wheat and as that section of the West
has been furnishing large quantities
OF hard winter wheat. not only to Chi
caEo. but to Minneapolis millers. rs
we'll as exporters the cessation of
shipments will he strongly felt and
will prove n bullish factor.
The Updike Company, OF Omaha,
says the wheat of Nebraska has been
cleaned up. and that bids Of 100 / A
sent out on Friday night. and which
is equal to the Chicago price. failed
mention. With the present abnormall.
bullish conditions surrounding the
wheat market prices would he much
higher with the public in that grain
on tho buying side
Corn has held up we'll in price, not
only because there has been n better
demand on export account. but mainly
because of the great strength display
ed In cash corn and the general belief
that foreigners will require moro Of
the golden coreal than they have been
buying heretofore.
Oats have held their own in price
and the export demand Is now on the
increase.
Conditions surrounding the provision
market point to an improved business
In lard,
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1914-12-21
An IA Farm Hand Sec. r.

is little different down South
a Tmero me negro, mostly unreliable
hi"ays Dobs up when the farm labor
proposition comes in for discussion.
Tut. in time, Will come, maybe the iSu !.
lopeah war VIII hasten II along, when
we can consider 1t from the same stand
point M do our Western and Northern
trends. In this connection, the fol-
estinE: % '''er-
Some Of the arguments used nv
union organizers are that unless we or
gani%e our conditions will be as bad as
they are England. l don't believe the
time Will ever come in America when
arm "orRin VIII be treated as slaves
american farmers, so far as can
Judge by twenty years OF experience
hre disposed TO treat workmen decent
ana pay fair wages. or course
more arc exceptions but as a rule a
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1914-12-21
RIGHT FEED GIVES
HARD-SHELLED EGGS
success.

The feeding OF hens for the produc-
tion OF hard shelled eggs, not easily
breakablc In handling. is possible and
demands attention. Shells vary great
Is in strength. y strong. heavy she'll
is not nearly so likely to be broken by
the Jars. jolts and rough handling In
cident to ordinary shipment as n weak
one.
Chemical analysis shows that tho
shell OF the egg Is largely carbonate of
lime. but that II also contains carbon
ate or magnesia. mineral phosphate
and some organic matter. If strong
shells are to be produced. the mineral
elements must not he lacking Grains
that arc ordinarily fed do not contain
these mineral elements in sufficient
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1914-12-21

movement big. but freight broker
stated that forward freight engage
ments were large enough to warra n
the prediction that clcarances would d
heavy for some time to come.
Statistics Of tho week showed thal
the total amount OF cotton nfloat I'd
Europe from this country was actuall
larger than 1t was at this time Lad
year. the figures being $4,000 bale
against 10000.
This weeks business, necessarily
VIII be restricted by the approach d
inc holidays. The market will clos
On Thursday night until Monda,
traders on both sides will BIO moro In
elined to even up than to enlarge theI
holdings.
The movement Of cotton at tho port
VIII be closely watched because q
forecasts OF the bulls that end OF De
cemDer engagements are very lare,
further large clearances will be
further sustaining influence of i'm
rortance. On the other hand, bears ex
pect that this week Will see consid
erabie cotton offered In the intcrio
by farmers who want to realize Christ
mas money and they expect such of
ierins to be pressure OF the marke
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1914-12-21
The OId-Faah,on.. E.

me man OF the soil Is n well-eo,iinned
Parsonage in spite of all his sec,p ppiea
u ,,h He can't stop to theorize
Mhen things want doing. He must
way. Sometimes counle ~, ot uhe
means the saving of a big field M hn :,
i Or corr H. The man on the job has to
a hurry-up call to get in i've enc or ro s;r
n rohas OF hay before rain falls or "a
" ,nisR wanting warlt 5 field Of grain means
pToDlens as matter OF course. Ism.
any ne does not brag about what he
,h , pushed. That is one trouble
nc COOS not know how TO M: i'm ,
bluff and lot of people think he does
no, no. Know anything. want to say
LA II is really marvellous what tho
oio-Iashioncd farmer knows and doeS
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1914-12-21

Roses must he given particular atten-
themselves so far ms winter protec-
ton is concerned. My plan is to bend
the bushes HAT. and cover with dry
soil. after which q covering Is given
that Will exclude rain. My experience
has been that wet soil about the
branches does about as much harm to
OF winter would.
Rut If moisture can he kept out, n
hve or siN-inch covering OF dry earth
almost always brings my renderest
hybrid pcrpetuals through in pretty
good shape: OF course, I expect to
shorten their canes about half, but |
duce the production of good, strong
branches from near the base OF the
plant. Old oiicloth, linoleum or can
vas VIII prevent rain from soaking
Into the soil better than anything else
know Of but common tarred roofing
is good. SO is q roof OF thin boards
laid shingle fashion, If care is taken
to give IL enough slant
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1914-12-21
value OF Market Reports.

The farmer who falls to keep fully
informed as to the condition OF the
markets and the value of the products
which he has for sale is making a
serious business mistake. Such n mis-
take. II made In any other business
would mean Immediate bankruptcy.
Most buyers OF stock and produce are
not ph!lanthropists. but are looking
FOR the dollars. and they usually lool;
Closely They are also we'll posted
concerning the market value.
There is no excuse In these modern
times for dereliction In this respect on
the part OF farmers. The mail brings
me daily newspapers containing the
market reports. and the telephone nav
be brought into use when required
Keep In touch with the markets. e,.
peciaily for those products which vow
nave Tor sale or may soon have Ia
ofYer.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1914-12-21
Adyfninx Farmers


A. A. Miller. n successful farmer OF
the Middle West, writes:
Sometimes 1 fell annoyed at the
freedom with which people give ad-
Vice to farmers. At times 1t looks AS
though an the farmers needed guard
ians. judging BY the amount of unso-
licitcd advice they receive from city
people. do not mean to resent COOL
timely, sensible talk giving now Ideas
or or practical suggestions. we all need
helped BY, an interchange OF views. but
It will relieve my mind to say that the
average farmer knows his business
THE chief trouble with tho man In
the country is that he Is what they
call unsophisticated. lIe does not put
up much of front. He Is slow and
careful; but that does not mean that
Some OF the best thinkers have
ever known were men who could not
express themselves we'll and could not
meet people In bright way and let
them know what was on their minds.
Such farmers make poor bargains.
They buy wrong and sell wrong and
are apt to be imposed upon by glib
brokers'. agents. merchants and other
city people with whom they have to
do business"
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1914-12-21
Pay
City
ROOM lo7. CITY HALL.

Richmond, Va. Dec l. 1914
THE LAST HALE OF CITY TAXES
f tSn lsi is,6 AiE Z p !yt IN pEcEMHEn.
OFFICE.
EVERY MALE. ,wenry-one year, O.,
age. and EVERY person keeping house
sessed for personal taxes. Those who
nave not paid any city taxes during the
year are urged to call and settle. 20 IA
to avoid being posted as delinouenta
FIVE PER CENT will be ndded To
last halt II not paid on or before DE-
GENDER 81.
Interest a, SIX PER CENT a,,o
attaches to all bills as soon as reported
delinquent.
Particular attention is called to tn.
above. M under the city ordinance thers
can be no avoidance OF the penalty
GRADING, having AND SEWER
payable. FIVE PER CENT penalty
will be added to all 1914 grading, paw
Ing and sewer connection bills Not
PAID BY JANUARY 81. 1915
SOUTH RICHMOND TAXES, ETC
must be paid at tho office OF DEPUTY
COLLECTOR. Tenth and Hull Streets
Town Taxes for Highland Park.
North Richmond. Barton Heights ani
Ginter Park also payable in December
ut this office. Five per cent penalty
added after December 81. 1914
H. L. Hulce,
City Collector. City OF Richmond.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1914-12-21

Plentiful Ice Harvest

LfNCHBURG. VA, December 90
PEOPLE In the sections around Lynch
burg during the past weel, have har-
vested Ice from three to four inches in
thickness 1t Is very unusual for the
rural sections TO gather Ice In central
Virginia before January or February.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1914-12-21
WEEKS TRADE IN COTTON
SENDS PRICES SKYWARD
Gains OF 20 to 81 Points Scored in Fu-
tureH-fienyy Clearance for
Europe Have Been Made

NEW ORLEANS. December 20-Cot-
TON futures made net gain Of 20 to
81 points az the result OF last weeks
trading. The market had good un-
ocrtone throughout the week as the
result or buying. which was stimulated
by increasing exports. large mill TAXI
ings. and the demand for spots In the
Interior.
Exports were larger than during any
week this season. Not only was the
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1914-12-21

We may look Mt the silage question
from any angle and we are forced to
accept II ms the cheapest food known
for stock
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1914-12-21
AGR|CUL TURAL DEPARTMENT
All vii, inqr. s ana
LAND SHOULD BE DRAINED

or the several conditions which in
huencc the growth OF crops none is
more important than the amount Of
water In or on the soil While water
in thin film around the soil grains is
an absolute necessity To plants, and
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1914-12-21
DO YOU MAKE THE MOST
OF FARM MANURE?

Of all fertilizers, farm fertilizers
farm manure-is the oldest and still
the most popular. II consists of the
liquid and solid excreta of farm stock.
and the little on which the extrcment
is dropped.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1914-12-21

Wheat bran is good dairy feed and
generally speaking, II is Il good sup
plemcnt to other grain feeds
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1914-12-21

of tile drainage were necessary. Thu.
shows the advantage with which tyTo
ncighbors can co-opcrntc In putting
In line of tile. An obstacle 80 trivial
ns line fence should not DC pcrn,itted
to prevent economical drainage. The
owner of this land snys that tile pnys
for itself every year, and TINT 5000 cx-
pended ON tile Inns raised the vnluc OF
the eighty acres $1,000.
excess is as bad as Il deticiency Too
much water is detrimental because:
l. II makes areas go soft that they
cannot he cultivated. When these soft
they cut the upland into irregular
pieces tina; cannot he cultivated con-
ven!cntly.
.. II delays cultivation, particularly
In the spring.
3. 1t makes soil cold: (a) because
In the spring more than half of tho
heat that the soil receives is used to
warm this unnecessary water: OBJ be-
cause its evaporation consumes heat
that tho soil could otherwise retain;
(c) because its presence In the soil
prevents the entrance and downward
movement of rainfall, which In the
spring Is usually warmer than tho
soil
4. 1t crowds out the oxygen from
between the soil grains, thus hinder
Ing the necessary decomposition OF or
ganic matter in the soil.
3. II prevents all crop growth where
1t stands on the soil to sufficient
depth. Where II staGnatcs only n few
inches from the surface of the soil, It
prevents healthy root development be-
low that depth. The shallow root
system thus developed limits the depth
from which the plant may get water,
and with II plant food material
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1914-12-21

Many good cows that are we'll bred
and we'll fed and given proper care
utterly fail rs milk producers because
they do not have good stable during
the winter.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1914-12-21

After providing plenty Of windows
coat Of whiicwash Will add greatly
to the light OF the stables
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1914-12-21

When we go out to buy dairy cows
do we not always find a scarcity of
good ones and too many poor ones?
In breeding, therefore, this is n fact
to be remembered.