davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1914-11-24
SEC GARRISON
DECLINES To
TALK DEFENSES
DOES NOT FEEL FREE TO VOLUN'
TEER INFORMATION AS TO THE
STATE OF THE DEFENSES OF
THE UNITED STATES.

Washington, Nov. 23.-War depart
ment officials possess no information
which they feel free to disclose" as
to the state of the nations defenses
which has not already been made pub
lie, according to a letter addressed by
Secretary Garrison Monday to Repre-
setts. Mr.. Gardner introduced a reso-
luton providing for congressional in
vestigation of the military situation in
the United States at the last session
and had written the secretary regard
ing his appearance as witness during
the proposed hearing. Mr.. Garrison's
letter says in part:
Il do not think it seemly for me to
offer myself to the committee nor do |
believe that the assistant secretary
would think it proper for him so to
do, and ! feel sure that officers should
not place themselves in the position
OF volunteering information or views
to congress or one of its committees
81 am not, as you must be aware
standing on any question of technical
procedure or insisting on any partic-
ular form of red tape methods. | am
simply endeavoring to do what seems
to me to be the only wise and proper
thing to do in any matter between one
of the departments and congress.
Whomsoever and whatsoever the com
mittee expresses a desire to have from
this department will be Immediately
and fully furnished. Until otherwise
advised | will not offer myself to the
committee or approve of anyone else
under me doing so.
with respect to your suggestion
that the testimony of myself and the
officers will disclose state of facts
so astonishing as to challenge the at
tention of the country, do not know
of any fact which it is necessary to
consider in order to reach a wise con-
clusion that is not the subject of re-
ports of communications readily OBJ
tainable by you or by anyone else in
terested in the subject matter"
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1914-11-24
IF YOU NEED A MEDICINE,
YOU SHOULD have THE BEST

Although there are hundreds of pre-
parations advertised there is only one
that really stands out pre-eminently
as remedy for disease of the kidneys,
liver and bladder.
Dr. Kilmer's Swamp-Root stands the
highest, for the reason that so many
people say it has proved to be just
the remedy needed in thousands upon
thousands of even the most distress
ing cases.
Swamp-Root makes friends quickly
because its mild and immediate effect
is soon realized in most cases. 1t is
a gentle, healing vegetable compound.
DR.. Kilmer's Swamp-Root is physi-
clans prescription for special dis
eases, which is not recommended for
everything
A Sworn Certificate of Purity is with
every bottle.
For sale at all drug stores, in bottles
of two sizes-fifty cents and one dol
lar.
Sample Size Bottle Of Swamp-Root
In order to prove that Swamp-Root
the great kidney. liver and bladder
remedy will do for you, every reader
of the Ardmoreite who has not already
tried it, may receive a sample size
bottle by Parcels Post. Enclose ten
cents and send to DR.. Kilmer K Co,
Binghampton, n. Y. Write today.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1914-11-24
Professional Cards
ROSE CROix HOSPITAL
210-212 E. Main st.

Ardmore, Okla.
For the care and treatment OF Medica
Surgical and Obstetric cases.
For information address either DR..
Frederick P. Won Keller or Or. James
F. Son, at the Hospital. 4: ::
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1914-11-24
READ THIS,

The Texas Wonder cures kidney
and bladder troubles, dissolves gravel
cures diabetes, weak and lame backs,
rheumatism, and all Irregularities of
the kidneys and bladder in both men
nd women. Regulates bladder troubles
in children. If not sold by your drug
gist, will be sent by mail on receipt of
$l00. One small bottle is two months
treatment and seldom fails to perfect
cure. Send for testimonials from
this and other states. DR.. Il. w. Hail.
1926 Olive street, st. Louis, Mo, Sold
by druggists.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1914-11-24
Best Cough Medicine for Children.

Three years ago when ! was living
in Pittsburgh, one of my children had
hard cold and coughed dreadfully.
Upon the advice of druggist | pur-
chased a bottle of Chamberlain 8
Cough Remedy and it benefited him
at once. find it the best cough med
icine for children, because it is pleas
ant to take. They do not object to
taking it," writes Mrs. Lafayette Tuck
Homer City, Pa. This remedy con-
tains no opium or other narcotic, and
may be given to a child as confidently
as to an adult. Sold by all dealers
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1914-11-24

Neuralgia of the race, shoulder.
hands. or feet requires a powerful
remedy that will penetrate the flesh.
BALLARD'S SNOW LINIMENT pos
sesses that power. Rubbed in where
the pain is felt is all that is neces-
sary to relieve suffering and restore
normal conditions. Price 25c, SOC,
and s1OO per bottle. Sold by Bomar
Drug Co.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1914-11-24
MAY
STOP INDIAN
PAYMENTS
COMM lSSlONER SELLS so NOTl-
FlES SUPERINTENDENT CAR
ROLL AT PAWHUskA - FED
ERAL LAW.

Oklahoma City, Nov. 23.-Unless
| the Indian office shall receive as
| surance that the usual saturnalia OF
mtOXfatlon can be presented at
Pawhuska, on the occasion of the
payment of annuities to the Osages,
the payment due to be made in De
cember is to be deferred or made
elsewhere. This is the declaration
of the Indian authorities at that
place based upon a letter from In
dian Commissioner Cato Sells TO Supt.
James A. Carroll at Pawhuska.
Superintendent Carroll said that
he will call a meeting in few
days of the Usage council and mem
bers of the tribe to discuss means
of preventing the sale and disposal
Of intoXicants in that country. Mr.
Carroll will also consult the peace Of
ficers in an effort to bring about the
reform that is insisted upon by the
Washington office.
Increasing Drunkenness.
During recent annuity payments
there has been increasing drunken
ness among the Indians. The matter
reached its apex during the recent
September payment, when the streets
of Pawhuska were strewn with
drunken Indians, the victims of their
own appetites and the lust of the
bootleggers.
In letter just received by Super
intendent Carroll, Commissioner Sells
suggests that the provision of Sec
ton 2OS7 of the Revised Statutes be
applied in the protection of Indians
from intoxicants. Pledges will be-
sought from the Indians and the
people of Pawhuska to use their in
fuence toward prevention of the
importation or sale OF liquor at the
December payment and if the au-
thorities be not convinced that the
end will be accomplished the pay
ment will be deferred.
Federal Law.
The section of the federal law re-
ferred to by Mr.. Sells is as follows:
"No annuities or moneys or goods
shall be distributed to Indians while
they are under the influence of any
description of intoxicating liquors
nor while there are good and suf- |
fcient reasons leading the officers or
agents, whose duty it may be to
make such payments or distributions,
to believe that there is any species
of intoxicating liquors within con-
Went reach of Indians, nor until the
chiefs and headmen of the tribe shall
have pledged themselves to use all
their influence and make all proper
exertion to prevent the introduction
and sale of such liquor in their coun-
try"
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1914-11-24

Stop coughing! you rack the lungs
and worry the body. BALLARD'S
HOREHOUND SYRUP checks irrita-
tion, heals the lungs and restores
comfortable breathing. Price 25c, SOC
and s1.OO per bottle. Sold by Bomar
Drug Co.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1914-11-24

average laborer, the American work
men reveals the strongest social spirit
of that of any civilized nation on the
globe.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1914-11-24
Important.

Bear in mind thatCamberlain's Tab
lets not only move the bowels but i'm
prove the appetite and strengthen the
digestion. For sale by all dealers.
The Irish standard. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn. ;) 1886-1920, 1914-08-29
roFFn1
I OF


, man emperor, who in turn is to be
requested to show similar respect for
the Apostolic See. In case the cleo
ton cannot be held in Rome, it can
validly be held elsewhere. What the
imperial rights are is not EXPLICITLY
stated in the decree, but it seems
plain from contemporary evidence
that they require the results of the
election to be forwarded to the en-
peror by letter or messenger, in order
that he may assure himself of the
validity Of the election. Gregory VII
(1O73), however, was the last pope
who asked for imperial confirmation.
It will be seen that the decree of
Pope Nicholas reserves the actual
election to the cardinals, but requires
the assent of the lower clergy and
laity.
The Tenth Ecumenical Synod
(Lateran) in 1889 restricted, how
ever, the entire choice to the car
dinals, and in 1179, another Lateran
Council under Alexander III made
the rule that the pope is to be chosen
by a two-thirds majority of the cleo
tors who are present. This last decree
did not state what was to be done in
case such a majority could not be OBJ
tanned. When the cardinals found
themselves face to face with this con-
tingency on the death of Clement Nv
in 1868, they commissioned six car
dinals as plenipotentiaries to decide
on candidate. The vacancy Of the
Holy See had lasted for two years
and nine months. To prevent a re-
currence of this evil, the Second
Council Of Lyons under Gregory X
(1274) decreed that ten days after
the pope's decease. the cardinals
should assemble in the palace in the
city in which the pope died, and
there hold their electoral meetings.
entirely shut out from all outside
influences. If they did not come to
an agreement on a candidate in
three days, their victuals were to be
lessened, and after a further delay
Of five days, the food supply was to
be still further restricted. This is
the origin of conclaves.
According to certain ancient can
ons only cardinals should be chosen
pope. However, Alexander III de-
creed that ''he, without any excep-
tion, is to be acknowledged as pontiff
of the Universal Church who has been
elected by two-thirds of the car
dinals." As late as 1878. Urban vi
The Irish standard. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn. ;) 1886-1920, 1914-08-29

to bind the Romans by oath not to
elect anyone as pope until he had
been nominated by the emperor.
An epoch-making decree in the
matter of papal elections is that Of
Nicholas II in 1859. According to
this constitution, the cardinal bishops
are first to meet and discuss the can
didates for the papacy, and select the
names Of the most worthy. They are
then to summon the other cardinals
and. together with them, proceed to
an election. Finally, the assent of
the rest of the clergy and the laity
to the result Of the suffrage is to be
sought. The choice is to be made
from the Roman clergy. unless fit
candidate cannot be found among
them. In the election regard is to
be had for the rights of the Holy Ro-
The Irish standard. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn. ;) 1886-1920, 1914-08-29

William. Cardinal O'Connen. To
these is generally added Diomede,
Cardinal Falconio, who became q nat
uralized American citizen many years
ago, but has resided abroad for many
years. Cardinal Gibbons. head of the
Roman Catholic church In the United
States. is archbishop of Baltimore:
Cardinal Farley presides over the
archbishopric of New York. and
Cardinal O'Connell over that Of Bos-
ton.
The cardinals are the chief men,
bers of the twenty-one sacred con-
gregations or standing ecclesiastic
committees of the papal government,
such as the holy office, progation Of
the faith, index, rites. studies. etc.
They meet in consistory, over which
the pope presides. But they are most
prominent before the world when a
pope dies and they are called upon
to elect his successor. Many quaint
and curious customs, hallowed by the
observance of centuries, govern their
conduct. In the present instance the
calling together of the conclave pre-
sents singular and grave difficulties.
since almost the whole of Europe is
at war and there are cardinals resi-
dent in every one of the warning
countries save Russia. The Difficult
ties of travel are especially great for
those cardinals, mainly aged men,
who must come from great distances,
such as Brazil and Australia.
The cardinals have perfect freedom
of choice and may place the crown of
Peter upon the head of an humble
member of the church. In practice,
for many centuries, the choice has
! fallen upon member of the college
of cardinals.
In title the cardinals are princes
of the church" and enjoy extraordi-
nary privileges; governments pay
them honors and each is styled ''most
eminent prince" They are presented
with distinctive red hats, which is
given to them in the consistoTy. but
is never worn. Cardinals are fire.
quently sent by the pope as his per-
sonal representatives on delicate mis-
sions.
In December. 1913, Cardinal Ram
polla passed away. He was one of
the most prominent and best known
of them all. On the death of Pope
Leo XIII he was mentioned promin-
emily as his possible successor, but
the Austrian veto was exercised and
the choice was Cardinal Sarto. pat
rfarch of Venice. On July 81. 1914,
Cardinal Lugari, head of the eongre-
CATION Of the holy office. died. Card
inal Gennari died in January OF the
present year; Cardinal Katschthaler
OF Salzburg, Austria, in February,
and Cardinal Kopp Of Breslau, Ger
many. in March.
Before the assembling of the con-
clave 1t is impossible to forecast the
result of the papal election. The
greatly disturbed state of the world
may have its effect on the election.
In years past the governments of
some of the Roman Catholic eoun-
tries have interposed objections to
the election of any one considered
unfavorable to themselves. This has
been especially true of Austria. Italy
Continued on Page y
The Irish standard. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn. ;) 1886-1920, 1914-08-29
College of Cardinals
Its Origin and Duties

In the hands of the college of car
dinals rests the election of pope to
succeed a deceased pontiff. While a
pope lives the cardinals of the church
are his advisers and the men to
whom he delegates the government
of the vast organization of the
church. On his death they become
the electors of his successor. Many
of the present cardinals are the ap-
pointees of Pope Plus x. Others
have held their exalted positions in
the church since the pontificate of the
predecessor of Pope Plus X, the late
Pope Leo XIII. Until December S.
1913, the sacred college possessed a
member who was appointed by Pope
Plus IN, predecessor of Pope Leo.
The last survivor of the pontifcate
of Pope Plus IN, was Cardinal
Oreglia, dean of the sacred college.
The college of cardinals is of an
cient organization and arose from the
coming together of the priests who
presided over the churches of Rome.
The cardinals are divided into
three classes-cardinal priests, card
inal deacons and cardinal bishops.
The first are those who have titular
rule over the parish churches Of the
city. The second administer each the
charities Of a particular "reglon" of
the city. and the third, the cardinal
bishops, were Originally the eccles-
lasts who had charge of the suburban
sees of Rome. The pope is the bishop
of Rome.
The cardinals are appointed by the
pope and constitute the sacred col
lege. The pope consults them, and
matters of high Importance to the
church are decided by the body. The
number of the cardinals has varied
at different times and was fixed by
Pope Sixtus v in 1886 at seventy
six cardinal bishops, fifty cardinal
priests and fourteen cardinal dea-
cons.
The pope is not obliged to main.
tain the number of cardinals at sew.
enty, and there are generally vacan.
cies in the body. Sometimes at con-
sistory or assemblage of the card
inals. the pope announces that he has
decided uton q certain ecclesiast for
elevation to the cardinalate. but will
reserve the announcement of the
name until a later time.
Fourteen cardinals were announc-
ed in May, 1914. At the same time
Cardinal Francisco Della Volpe was
appointed to the office of camerlen-
go, or chamberlain, which honor en-
titles him to preside over the con.
clave. or calling together of the card.
inals to elect a new pope. The cham.
berlain also plays very important
part in the conduct of affairs of the
vatican during an interregnum.
AS has been usual for centuries the
college Of cardinals consists mainly
of Italians. This eliminates the pos.
sibility, 1t is believed, Of electing any
cardinal not an italian. In recent
years. however, there has been much
talk of upsetting this precedent OF
centuries, and 1t has even been sug-
gested that the church might see an
American pope, though this is very
vague and speculative. The Ameri-
can cardinals are James, Cardinal
Gibbons; John. Cardinal Farley, and
The Irish standard. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn. ;) 1886-1920, 1914-08-29

was chosen, though not cardinal.
A layman may also be elected pope,
as was Celestine V (1294). Even the
election of a married man would not
be invalid. OF course, the election
of a hereto, schismatic, or female
would be null and void. Immediate
ly on the canonical election Of can
didate and his acceptance, he is true
pope and can exercise full and abso-
lutte jurisdiction over the whole
Church. A papal election, therefore,
needs no confirmation, as the pontif
has no superior on earth.
The Irish standard. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn. ;) 1886-1920, 1914-08-29

canons of the Church should be car
ried out without hindrance from fac
tious and seditious dissenters. 1t
must be admitted that the Holy Ro-
man emperors sometimes made use
of their overwhelming power un-
scrupulously. and more than once
candidates were elected to the papa
cy by direct imperial nomination.
Otto III is credited with the nomina-
ton of Gregory v and Sylvester II,
and Henry III with the effectual
naming of Clement II, Damascus II.
Leo TX, and Victor II. But it is OBJ
vious that such nomination is not
real election, for the acceptance of
the legal electors was necessary to
ratify his choice, though undoubted-
ly they would naturally be swayed
by circumstances to give effect to the
imperial preference. It has some
times been said that in the earlier
ages popes have appointed their sue
cessors in the pontificate. Thus, st.
Peter is said to have chosen Clement
I. The authority on which the state
ment rests is now generally ack-
knowledged to be apocryphal. Boni-
face II chosen Vigilius for his sue
cessor in 531, but later repented and
publicly withdrew the nomination.
Baronius states that Gregory VII in
1885 elected Victor III as his success
sor; that Victor in like manner
chose Urban II in 1886, and Urban
elected Paschal II in 1899. It is to
be noted that the canon Isl Transi-
tus" in the CORPUS Juris" seems to
imply the right of the pope to nomi-
nate his successor, since it's opening
words are: IF the death of the pope
take place so unexpectedly that he
cannot make decree concerning the
election of his successor, etc." How
ever, these so-called elections were
never more than nominations. for
none of the persons thus named ever
presumed to declare themselves
popes before the ratification of the
legal electors had been obtained.
1t is certain, at present, that, ac-
cording to the ecclesiastical law the
pope cannot elect his successor. 1t
is commonly held also that is prohib-
tied from doing so by Divine law,
though the contrary has also been
held by canonists. AS to the gradual
restrictions and determinations gov
erning the mode of election of the
pontiffs, we note that in COS Boniface
III declared that the electors should
not meet until the third day after
the pope's burial. In 769 decree
was framed in a synod of the Later
an, that the Roman clergy were to
choose as pope only priest or dea-
con. and forbade the laity to take
any part in the election. The newly
elected was. however, to receive the
homage of the laity before he was
conducted to the Lateran basilica.
This decree caused widespread dis
content among the Influential lay
men, and Nicholas I in a Roman Sy-
nod held in 862 restored the right
of suffrage to the Roman mobiles.
John TX in 898 confirmed the Gus
tom of having the conservation of
the new pontiff take place in the pres
ence Of the imperial ambassadors. In
963 the Emperor Otto I endeavored
The Irish standard. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn. ;) 1886-1920, 1914-08-29
Method of Procedure
in .Papal Elections

%x>e method of electing the pope
e, "a led considerably at different
peSs> the history of the Church.
AS toA Nest ages, Ferraris says
that st.: Aimself constituted
senate for >4e Roman Church. con-
sisting of twenty-four priests and
deacons. These were the councillors
of the Bishop of Rome and the cleo
tors of his successors. Historians
and canonists. however, generally
hold that the Roman bishopric was
filled ON its vacancy in the same man
ner as other bishoprics, that is, the
election of the new pope was made
by the heighboring bishops and the
clergy and the faithful of Rome.
Nevertheless, some maintain that the
naming of the successor of St. Peter
was restricted to the Roman clergy,
and that the people were admitted
to part in the elections only after
the tine of Sylvester (fourth cen
tury). After Constantine had given
peace = the Church, the Christian
Roman emperors often took part in
the institution of new pope and at
times their influence was very
marked. From the fourth century
onwards, therefore, new force had
to be 1eckoned with. The occasion
for the interference of the Roman
empero9s and later of the kings Of
Italy was afforded by disputed elec-
tions to the papal chair. The most
noted Of the earlier instance was at
the election of Boniface (418). This
gave occasion to the decree that when
an election was disputed new can
didate should be chosen.
The interference of the secular
power was always distasteful to the
Roman clergy, as shown by their un-
willingness to observe DEGREES on the
subject made even by the popes, as in
tn, ease Of SimDlicius and others.
The example of the Roman emperors
was followed by the barbarian kings
of Italy, of whom the first to inter-
fere was Theodoric the Ostrogoth, at
the election of Symmachus in 498.
On the recovery of their influence
in the italian peninsula, the Eastern
emperors required that the choice of
the electors for a new pope must be
made known to the Exarch of Ra-
VIENNA. who in turn forwarded it to
Constantinople, and until the emper-
or's confirmation was received, the
candidate was not to be acknowl-
edged as Bishop of Rome. This re-
suited in long vacancies of the Holy
See. The custom lasted until the
pontificate of Benedict II (684-85).
A similar claim was put forward by
the Western emperors in the Middle
Ages and some demanded it owing to
a concession by Adrian I to Charlie
magne. This pretended concession
is now recognized as spurious. AS
to the so-called confirmation of papal
elections by the secular power, Fer
raris notes that it must not be so un-
derstood as to imply that the new
pope received the papal power from
the emperor. This would be hereti-
cal, for the elected candidate receives
his power from Christ.
The confirmation of the emperor,
then, was only to ensure that the
The Irish standard. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn. ;) 1886-1920, 1914-08-29
The C0nC|ave

Conclave means the closed room
Continued On PAGE z.