The Washington herald., 1914-08-16

ITO the master Of kings. and no revolu-
ton, not. even riot, threatened his au-
thority anywhere.
While the lands incorporated in the
Empire remained quiet. discomfort rose
and spread among the people of the allied
states, which Napoleon had subJuEated
without annexing. Their national pride
had been outraged by him. and he had
not consoled or diverted them with the
imperial pride Of French citizenship but
had left them under the misrule of
princes. whom he had brought into con-
tempt and who groveled at his feet His
own subjects gave him no trouble, but
the misgoverned subjects Of his vaSsals
aroused against him Che spirit of pat
riotism-
In the days when kings and grand
dukes were taking orders like field hands
from their oVerseer at Paris, when the
Prussian monarch Was limiting his army
TO the number specified and disn1issing
patriot minister's when the Austrian EN-
peror was giving his daughter in mar
riage to the conQueror, booksellers like
John Palm. gooseherds like Gneisenau.
cowherds like Scharnhorst, tavern keep
ers like Andreas Hofer, simple souls like
the maid of SaraEossa, were lifting from
the dust the standards Of their countries.
And IL called to face the firing SQUAD.
they died in the spirit of calm rejoicing
expressed by the Tyrolean Hofer when
he said: II set out upon my journey to
God
The Fatal Change.
In the course OF the long struggle Ma
poleon had changed his. base. He was
not fighting for a republic now but for
crown. He was not pulling down thrones
but setting them up. Kings had become
his allies and the people had fallen away
from him. He was fighting for the past.
not for the future. He was looking back
ward. not forward. and his moral retreat
began before his military retreat.
He himself once computed that the
moral force in war Is as three in one in
comparison with the physical, thus math-
ematically verifying Shakespeare's line.
Thrice is be armed that hath his quarrel Just.
BY that measure Napoleon lost two
thirds Of his strength when he ceased
to be the champion Of freedom and
progress and became an invader. seeking
conquests. AS the moral force passed
from his ranks into the ranks Of the
enemy. he substituted batteries for 1t,
his infantry having lost its old-time dash.
His soldiers had taken Italy with their
bare hands, but Wagram was distinctly
an artillery success The poorer the
troops" he said. the more artillery they
need" Now he must win with lead
where once he won with hearts and must
hurl cannon balls at the lines Of the foe
which in other times he had pierced with
bayonets. As long as his men thought
they were battling for liberty, they
laughed at death. and would rather fight
than eat. But now drumhead courts
martial had become q necessity to keep
them from shirking or running away.
He had said years before, 'T am called
to renovate the social world; at least Il
think so, and this confidence insures my
success" When he parted with that
purpose victory forsook his standards
While he fought for the people against
monarchs, while he fought for his coun-
try against invaders. his sword was in
vincible, as when. with a few ragged Re
publicans he repelled army. after army of
Austrians IN the early italian campaigns,
or. with 10000 men chanting the Mar
seillaise." he leaped the Alps. At Ulm
and .Austeriitz and Jena he still fought
for France and destroyed armies organ
tied to march on Paris.
But. though he called out the mightiest
armies Of modern times. all his cam
paigns OF conquest were failures. With
every step he took beyond Jena he left
behind him .the force that had. won his
battles and hlled The world with his