The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-03-15

himself regarded with suspicion by the
police OF Genoa In that year. just after
Mazzini had been arrested upon the
same suspicion. The two had never
met and were never to meet, but they
we're already pursuing by very different
means substantially the same end
Cavour had already begun to dream
dreams OF becoming the Prime Minister
OF the kingdom Of Italy. and consciously
devoted himself to preparations for po-
lltical life. He travelled In England
and In Switzerland as a student Of the
constitutional government which he de-
sired to see introduced into his native
country. and succeeded In attracting the
unfavorable attention Of the Austrian
Ambassador al Turin, who warned the
Milanese police against him. though he
never encountered actual detention.
The revolution Of iS4s In France was
far moro fruitful Of revolutions else
where than had been that Of 1880.
Throughout Europe II became the rev
olutionary year" IN which attempts,
successful and unsuccessful, were made
In almost every country to secure a
constitutional government under which
the representa- tives Of the people should
have some share In the making and
administration Of the laws. Charles
Albert Of Sardinia. which Is to say of
Piedmont. was one Of the monarchs
| who did not wait for actual violence
In order to grant the reforms on which
! his people seemed to be intent. He
decreed a free election. Of communal
and provincial councillors. promised an
! Improvement in the administration OF
Justice and In the procedures OF the
police and lifted the absolute embargo
upon the printing OF political argu-
ments. At once there appeared at
Turin the RisovOtmento. a daily news
paper. economical. political, scientific
and literary" Of which the title sufil-
GENTLY denotes Its progressiveness In
politics and of which the editor was
Camille Cavour. II was the first politi-
cal newspaper printed in Piedmont.
Charles Albert followed up his previous
decree by promulgating a constitution.
some three weeks before the revolution
broke out In Paris. q priority which
explains why the new instrument should
have been modelled upon the French
tuition was granted to Tuscany by It's
Grand Duke. Even Ferdinand Of Naples
was frightened into making promises
keeping. Venice proclaimed a republic.
with Daniel MANN as President. A
sudden uprising drove the Austrian
army to Its fortresses in the famous
QuadrilateraL Cavour loudly called In
his Journal for war. and Piedmont went
to war and actually captured Peschiera,
giving occasion for Cloughs lines:
what voice did on my spirit fall.
Peschtera. when thy bridge ! crosssdS
TITS better to have fought and lost
Than never to have fought At all.
The new Pope. who had at first
been hailed as a reformer. frightened
by tho demand Of the people OF Rome
for a constitutional government. fed
To the Neapoiitan fortress Of Gaeta and
became thenceforth the leader Of the
reactionaries. Blu, these early sue
cesses were illusory. The Austrians
rallied and recovered their lost ground
and more. Their victories. II Is clear
were won because their troops were
more efficient and better commanded
The capture Of Pesch.era was more
than avenged by the sweeping Aus
TRAN victory the next spring over the
Piedmontese AT Novara. The terms ex-
acted OF Charles Albert by the Aus
trien victors were so severe that rather
than accede to them he abdlcated. be-
leving that better terms could be OBJ
tanned by his son and successor. Victor
Emmanuel The new King had borne
himself CALAMITY In the war. but at first
ne did not inspire his subjects with any
confidence Instead of the advance
upon the policy of Charles Albert which
occurred they expected a reaction. His
Ministry was headed by 4 progressive
and patriotic man. and Its measures
were liberal. One OF them was an anti
clerical bill, abolishing a special tribu-
nal for ecclesiastics, abolishing the right
OF asylum In churches and limiting the
number OF obligatory church holidays,
In warmly advocating 1t In the Cham
Der Cavour said. Enthusiastically: 80
far from weakening authority. reforms
that are carried out in good time
strengthen it. So far from increasing
the force Of the revolutionary spirit.
they reduce 1t to impotence" The
measure was passed, to the disgust OF
the clergy. who took their revenge by
refusing to absolve a dying member Of
the Ministry unless he signed a re-
traction OF his action in urging Its pas
sage. The contumacy OF the clergy led
to the expulsion from Piedmont Of two
Archbishops. Cavours part In the de-
bate commended him as the dead mans
successor in the Ministry. Though
some OF the Ministers were afraid Of
him the majority recommended him to
the King, who cheerfully inquired.
Can't you see that this man will kick
you a.! out?" But he appointed this
man" Minister Of Agriculture all the
same.
In his immediate duties Cavour made
speedy success A convinced
| free trader In a protectionist country,
he carried his point by a series Of COM
/ mercial treaties which practically at
T tanned his object. He began his course
! Of "kickng out" his colleagues by fore
| Ing out the Minister OF Finance and
adding the duties Of that office TO his
own. The remaining Ministers made q
cabal which enabled them to recon-
struct the Cabinet and leave out Ca
your. But the new Government fell
through its own weakness. and In 1857
Cavour became Prime Minister and full
il,ed the monarchical prophecy.
The account here given of the various
steps by which Cavour moved towar,
he object OF his life, the establish
ment of a kingdom OF Italy under the
| King ~ Sardinia or the exIansion Of