davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-08-08
Aphids on Currant Bushes.

The disagreeable flavor and odor
left in milk when cows eat wild onion
or garlic within four hours before
milking can be removed by blowing
filtered and washed air through the
milk for thirty to sixty minutes, &C
cording to the strength of the garlic
flavor.
This conclusion, which is published
in United States Department OF Agri-
culture Farmers Bulletin COS, shortly
to be issued, is the result of a series
of experiments made by the dairy
division on methods of removing the
garlic flavor, which greatly lessons the
commercial value Of milk and cream.
To remove the garlic flavor sue
cessfully, however, the milk must be
raised to a temperature of 145 de-
grees and q method devised TO keep
the milk from foaming when the air
is blown through it To do this the
investigators constructed a special
apparatus. This consisted, first, of a
large can with a smaller one resting
on legs inside it. The space between
the outer and the inner cans was for
the hot water to heat the milk to
I45 degrees. The air pipe was intro
duced into the inner can near the
bottom and washed, Filtered air was
then pumped through 1t. From the
bottom of the inner can also was a
pipe connecting with a small milk
pump which raised the milk into an
upper tank supported by legs thret
inches above the inner milk can. The
upper tank supported by legs three
with holes about 1-S2 of an inch in
diameter and one-half inch apart
The milk raised by the pump falls
into this upper tank and through the
perforations drops back In fine
streams into the milk can below. This
keeps down any froth that is raised
BY pumping air through the milk
The dropping of the milk helps also
TO aerate il and assists in removing
the garlic flavor. The air was
pumped into the milk at the rate Of
about one-fifth of a cubic foot of air
per gallon of rnilk per minute. It was
found that this apparatus, in from
thirty to sixty minutes. removed all
the garlic odor and flavor from the
milk. In the case of cream the flavor
was removed in about forty-five min
utes.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-08-08

in good condition to, hold moisture
during the spring and summer.
Narrowing Needed Operation.
The harrow is one of the few indis-
pensable farm implements. BY the
intelligent use of the harrow many
very undesirable conditions of the
soil may be overcome With the disc
and spring tooth harrows an ideal
seeded can be ablished. With the
smoothing harrow weeds can be de-
stroyed by the wholesale as quickly
as they have terminated, the soil
particles further refined and the fur
row slice compacted against the sub
soil so as to form a capillary con-
nection so essential in furnishing an
abundant supply of moisture to the
growing crops in periods of dry
weather.
As a general proposition land that
is plowed in the fall should not be
narrowed until the next spring. II
has a tendency to level Ine ground
so that less snow remains on 1t and
water which stands on 1t causes it to
pack and bake, thus requiring more
labor to put it in shape in the spring.
If the burrows are left exposed to
the weather the Jumps crumble by
the action of the frost and rains,
leaving a mellow soil that is easily
put in shape for the crop in the
spring. If ground is plowed in the
fall no effort should be spared to get
on the land with the harrows just as
soon as practicable IN the spring, for
with the harrows used at the right
time ideal moisture conditions can be
created for the crops during the sum
mer.
Methods of Cultivation.
On corn, potato or stubble land it
pays to loosen the top soil with a
disc harrow before blowing in the
spring. This cuts up all trash and
manure and prevents. clods and Jumps
filling up the bottom of the burrows.
The Bottom of the furrow has as
great an influence upon crop yields as
the top. Ridges and hollows, where
the pillow has been allowed to cut
and cover for few feet, and places
where manure, Jumps and trash fill
the bottom of the furrow, all cut
down the average yield of crops, for
no harrow or cultivator made can
rectify the miserable condition thus
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-08-08

The average yield per acre of the
best varieties of the adsuki bean at
the governments farm has been
about twenty-five bushels. The bean
is a summer annual requiring about
the same climatic conditions as the
common bean. The plants are bushy
in habit, growi g from one and one
half to two feet high, according to
variety and soil.
The beans are not only prolific, but
ripen evenly and do not shatter read
lily. 1t has been evident, however,
that these beans cannot compete with
either cowpeas or soy beans as hay
producers. Their initial growth is
slow and their total yield of herbiage
inferior.
Adsuki bean meal is sometimes pre-
pared simply by grinding the dry
beans and then removing the seed
coats with sleeves More commonly,
however, a wet process is employed.
The wet process seems to vary some
what in different parts of Japan, but
consists essentially of four stages:
1. Boiling the beans until soft,
usually after a preliminary soaking.
2. Crushing the cooked beans.
8. Removing the skins by forcing
the mass through sleeves or by putting
the bean paste in cold water, when
the skins are easily separated.
4. Drying the bean paste.
A modification of the above process
is to remove the seed coat from the
soaked and parboiled beans before
they are crushed In boiling, the red
color of the seed coats dissolve, and
on this account the water is some
times changed once or twice. The
final product is somewhat reddish,
however. The bean meal, in what
ever way prepared, is eaten in soups
and gruels of various kinds, often
sweetened. 1t is also used for making
various kinds of cakes and confec-
tiona.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-08-08
IACKETING MILK CANS WILL,
MAKE CONTENTS KEEP BETTER

milk can, however. is exposed to air
temperature, and especially to the
sun, the temperature of the milk be-
gins to rise very rapidly and every
precaution should be taken to keep il
from being raised by the outside
heat
A series of experiments was recent
~ made in shipping milk cooled to
80 degrees. In these cases the cans
were set in an open truck, with no
covering to shield them from the di :
rect rays of the sun. The milk was
hauled distance of thirteen miles,
and the average air temperature dur
ing the trip was s2.65 degrees. The
experiment showed that the cans that
were hair-quilt jacketed showed a
raise of only 81 degrees in three
hours in the temperature of the milk
The cans that were wrapped with
wet burlap showed a milk temDera-
ture of 5S11 degrees in the same per-
iod, or a raise of 85s degrees. The
milk in the unjacketed cans rose in
three hours to 7s1s degrees, or rise
of 2S1s degrees.
1t Is obvious from these figures
that 1t pays to jacket the cans, in
order to maintain a low temperature
during transportation.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-08-08

Farmers with a high school educa-
ton make nearly double the average
income of those with merely COM
mon school education, and those who
start earliest make the most profits,
according to the Department of Agri-
culture investigators. The depart
ment's office of farm management has
been conducting a series of investiga-
lions in the corn belt, which have
brought out many details that should
be of practical value to all agricu1-
turists. These results have just been
published in a new bulletin.
Under average conditions the farm,
according to this bulletin, is no place
for the weak or for those unable to
direct work The man who intends
to spend his working life in the coun-
try should start early, for success is
not gained in moment, but by many
years of persistent effort. 1t is true
that some farmers have made small
fortunes in a short time. but this Is
usually through phenomenal rise in
land values. Few men have become
Operated by own
(273 farms).
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-08-08

The dairy division OF the Depart
ment of Agriculture has just COM
pleted series of tests on the change
in temperature of milk in cans dur
ing transportation from the farm to
the consumer. These tests estab-
lished the Importance of jacketing
cans of milk with some appropriate
insulating material.
1t has been found that milk that
has to be sent only short distances
or preserved for only few hours
should maintain a temperature OF
less than so degrees. Even at these
temperatures, some bacteria VIII
multiply and cause the souring OF the
milk, but the increase is slow and
during a few hours no serious re-
suits will occur. A temperature well
below so degrees F., however. ma
terially decreases the rate of bac-
terial growth.
On the other hand, where milk is
to be shipped long distances, the
initial temperature must be lower,
assuming that no provision is made
for maintaining the original tenn
perature during transportation. Where
milk is in transit for several hours,
it is necessary to cool it down to near
the freezing point So soon as the
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-08-08

What is best soil for growing goose
berries What is the general cultiva-
ton? What kind is the best for mar
ket2 What price per root?
Newark. G.JY
Soil not too rich in heterogeneous mat
ter. A drained. medium heavy
loan. not too clayey, is usually best
for this fruit. Several kinds Of soil
grow gooseberries we'll
Plant the bushes three feet apart
each way. The culture consists OF
thorough cultivation Of the ground
early IN the spring, stirring the soil
at intervals. A cover crop may be
sown soon after the berries are har-
vested. The plants should be sprayed
with bordeaux containing an insec-
ticide, as soon as the worms appear
English gooseberries may require sew
eral applications of suiphide of potaS-
stun q ounce to gallons OF water).
for mildew
Downing is the leading American
variety; Industry. Whitesmith and
Chautauqua are also grown consider
ably. The price of the plants depends
on the season, the variety desired
and the age of the plants. One-year
plants are listed at from $3.50 to s.
per hundred.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-08-08

produced. Careful farmers are begin
ming to realize that the bottom of the
7 furrow should be as level and prop
erly prepared as the surface.
The next point in consideration Of
the subject of conserving soil mois-
ture is that of cultivation. Now, we
all know from practical experience
the effects of long, protracted drouths
in certain parts of the country. Gull
tivation is the most successful means
of combating the serious effects
which follow long drouths and it is
possible through the use Of tillage
and cultivation to reduce, in most
instances, fully fifty per cent. of the
losses which usually come to us from
dry seasons. 1t is possible for us to
grow certain crops through season
of drouth and suffer comparatively
little loss. But we must understand
the principles which underlie the
question of the loss of moisture, and
how to control conditions so as to
prevent these great losses Let US
consider the problem of how mois-
ture escapes during dry weather.
There is always an upward movement
of water in the soil The dryer con-
ditions of the atmosphere and the
higher temperature cause this up
ward movement of the water, and
hence it passes off by evaporation
and the crops suffer unless We I'M
derstand justin ow to control this loss
moisture. This principle is called ca
pillary attraction. 1t is quite diff
cult to explain, but it is a fact, how
ever, that there are passages all
through the soil through which the
water is constantly seeking the sur.
| face. 8 rit
Retaining Soil Moisture.
Now, one of the great objects OF
tillage in dry seasons is to hold back,
or keep down. this soil moisture; at
least to so control it that it shall
pass through the plant that Is upon
the soil rather than pass out and be
evaporated without going through the
plant. The. roots of plants Gin a field
of corn, for instance,) penetrate to a
certain depth of the soil, and they
take up the moisture that is con-
stantly pressing up towards them.
Fine filth, fine culture at the surface.
Will so seal over the openings Of
these eapillaries that ii win be posi-
BILE in a season like some We have
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-08-08
FARMING NEEDS
EDUCATION AND METHODS

rich from the real profits of the land.
Those who have done so usually
needed a lifetime in which to work.
Through skill in management and by
hard labor a comfortable living and
moderate profits may be expected.
Those persons who are turning to the
farm with the idea of reaping large
incomes are doomed to severe disap-
pointment
Those making the poorest incomes
were twenty EIGHT years of age when
they started farming and were past
thirty when they became owners. On
the average the Oldest men are maxi
ing the least profits.
Many farmers with very little
schooling succeed, but these same
men would do better if they had the
opportunity of further training. No
one ever hears a farmer regret that
he spent a part of his early life in
school The following table in the
bulletin shows the relation of the
owners and the tenants education
to his income on the farms investi-
gated.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-08-08
To Bring Up Poor Land.

What Is the quickest way to bring
up poor or worn out land at the least
expense? c. Z. T.
Kearny.
It will depend upon local eondi-
lions. Some soils need drainage as
the very first step in their improve
ment. Other poor soils are naturally
drained so well that tile would be Of
no especial use. Nearly all poor soils
need not only plant food, but humus
as well. Plant food may come out 5f
a bag; humus can come only from
animals or cover crops. so 1t viii be
largely a question either Of keeping
animals and returning their manure
to the soil along with fertilizers, or
else 1t viii be a question Of growing
leguminous crops and blowing them
under, and in addition to that the
application Of PHOSPHORUS. potash
and lime.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-08-08

one to 500 parts Of water win control
them. Care should be taken to hit
the aphids upon the under surface Of
the leaves. In some instances the IN
Tested tips can be dipped in a pail
Of the above mixture and the aphids
DESTROYED In that waY
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-08-08

What is the matter with potatoes
when the tips of the leaves turn
nearly black2 ". A. T.
Bellexille
This is doubtless what is known
as tip burn, the life history Of which
has not been fully determined It
seems TO be a physiological disease
The potatoes have grown too rapidly.
and later moisture or plant food Il
not available IN sufficient quantities
TO continue the growth. and the ex=
tremities, lacking nutriment and
moisture. are affected by this trouble.
Bordeaux mixture IS Of some slight
value IN preventing IL
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-08-08
ASK THE QUESTION BOX"
What You Want to Know About Gardening Poultry and COn1
try Problems Answered by Experts

fuu
%
to
Newark \. j.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-08-08
STRAWBERRIES

Now IS the time for planting Our peai-
greed plants will yield delicious frult nezt
June. Twenty years experience. For IN
formation call or write us Shipped an1r%
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-08-08


What IS a good variety of early
head lettuce, and how should it be
raised2 A. IN
Newark
Tennis Ball is good. and many
others which come later and are
somewhat larger are OF equally good
quality. To raise early lettuce one Of
two methods may be used: Sow the
seed in the fall in the open ground
and winter the plants under a litter
of straw, transplanting them in the
open field twelve inches apart fer
work entirely by hand, or twenty-five
inches apart for work by a horse: or
sow early in a hotbed, transplant to
cold frames two or three inches apart
to properly harden the plants, and
then set as early as the ground can
be worked Either method viii give
excellent results. providing plenty OF
fertility is available.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-08-08

crimson clover than Of red clover,
and which is the better to pillow IN
der? B. A. Il.
Verona.
The former terminates very much
more readily than the latter. but be-
ing Southern plant, Is more liable
to be affected by the cold of the
winter and the freezing and thawing
Of the ground than the red clover.
When it thrives it makes more
rapid growth than the red, and for
that reason is very valuable TO plow
under
Late Sewn Alfalfa.
Since alfalfa should be sown late
in the summer, would It better root
the ground as cut? E. s.
Bloomfield.
When alfalfa Is sown in late sum-
mer never cut off the tops later in
the fall This would expose the
crowns unduly and such growth be-
ing soft, 1t will readily decay and not
be objectionable the coming season.
Corn for the silo.
Should corn be green or partly
cured when into the silo? o. T. B.
Irvington.
If corn is too immature it will
make better silage if it is wilted or
partially cured before putting into
the silo. On the other hand. IL badly
frosted or too ripe. il may be neces-
sary to spray water upon 1t for best
results However, II the conditions
are right, so far as maturity is con-
cerned, there will never be better
silage than to take it from the field
to the silo shortly after ii is cut.
Cause of Black Knot on Plum Trees.
What is the cause of black knot
on plum trees, and the remedy
Newark A. F. H.
Black knot on plum trees is pro-
duced by fungous spores which at
tach themselves to the tree from
( others affected in like way. The only
/ remedy is to cut out the affected
parts, treat the places with corrosive
sublimate solution and remove or de
stroy all hedgerows and trees from
which the fungus can propagate
This course, persisted in, destroying
I the source of infection, will entirely
do away with the difficulty.
Fungus on Pear Trees.
I have a few Lawrence pear trees
about forty years old. For the last
ten years the pears on the lower half
of the trees have been small and COW
cred with fungus, but the upper half
large and clear. What is the cause,
and what shall | do?
Montclair. p. H U.
The fungus can be controlled by
spraying with lime and sulphur or
bordeaux mixture before the bios
SONS appear, and once or twice after
The fact that the pears on the upper
half of the tree are free from blemish
is Enthusiastically due to the fact that
they have more air and sunlight, both
of which are foes to all sorts of fungi.
Aphids on Currant Bushes.
My currant bushes are covered with
flies which sting the new leaves: the
leaves then turn red and are covered
on the under side with small aphids
which seem to suck the juice, and the
leaves drop off. What can l use to
get rid of these pests?
Newark. Nj W.
The leaves which turn red and
wrinkle up at the tips on young
growths of currant bushes are usually
infested with aphids. A thorough
spraying with tobacco mixture SINH
lar to 'Black Leaf Forty" diluted
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-08-08

Which is the best race OF bees for
general use2 How far will the diff
ferent races of bees mix2 Are al
pure-bred Italian queens Yellow
Verona. W. H. A
All things considered no other race
is equal to the Italian Their su-
periority has been demonstrated fn4
years, and they are continually gain
ing in popularity. To breed thern
pure they should be kept three miles
or more apart
No: there is a great difference II
the color of queens Pure ones may
be either a bright yellow, tan or dark
chestnut color. but equally good
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-08-08

Can Strawberries be grown to ripen
In the fall successfully? Y. 1T
East Orange.
A few varieties have a natural ten
dency to bear in the fall Unless a
special market is available at high
price, they are not considered 50
profitable as when fruited at the usual
time.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-08-08
Red Spiders on Hon.e Plan,..

What viii destroy red spiders On
house plants2 C. n. J.
Newark
Fern tree oil has been used IN
greenhouse work to good advantage
and frequent spraying the plants. ea=
pecially the under side of the leaves.
viii keep them in check. They thrive
best In q DRY warm afmosnhere
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-08-08

II fowls were more nationally
treated to nourishing rather than
stimulating dietary and supplied
with shell-forming materials soft
shelled eggs would not appear so
often.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-08-08

Feed the horses which work hard
good. nourishing food and plenty of
It. A half-fed horse can't work and
thrive. A young horse doing the
same work as an old one should
have as much feed
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-08-08

Poison ivy may be either a low
shrub or climbing vine. Study 1t
till you know it, At one time you
may be very sensitive to it, at an
O her immune.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-08-08

Carnations can be planted indoors
late this month or early next month
OF course great deal depends upon
the weather and the type of green
house. With the big modern we'll
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-08-08

In order to get the most out of
oil meal for hogs it should be mixed
with boiling water and allowed to
stand a few hours before mixing
with the other slop. Some feeders
get good results by feeding it dry,
but their equipment is different from
that of the average pork raiser.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-08-08

In the face Of the fact that poultry
of all kinds is so very popular every
where, and that eggs and dressed
poultry COMMAND a good price and
are increasing in demand every year,
it seems strange that more farmers
do not increase the size of their
poultry plant.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-08-08

When first turning a horse on pas
ture after it has been on dry feed for
some time, it should never be turned
out early in the morning when the
dew is on the grass, and should not
for several days be allowed to stay in
the pasture until it has had all 1t
wants There Is always danger of
collie under such circumstances.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-08-08

Rust in asparagus may be largely
controlled by spraying with resin
bordeaux from July to September,
at intervals of ten days or two
weeks. This is a difficult and rather
costly undertaking and will hardly
pay except on large areas. busting
with flower of sulphur has given
good results. Cutting and burning
all the diseased stems will help to
keep the rust in check.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-08-08

Shredded corn fodder is one of the
things that has not been fully apnre-
ciated on the farm 1t is good for
bedding the stock, 1t is convenient
TO have in the henhouse as a litter,
and 1t is really worth considerable
as a feed.