davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1914-06-04
FEEDING BABY CHICKS
STICK TO PROVED PRINCIPLES
AND AVOID EXPERIMENTING.
Ration for Growing Youngsters Must
Be Complete Ration, Containing
Grains, Green Food, Mineral
MAKER and Water.

(By PROF. JOHN WILLARD BOLTE)
II Is Il rather simple matter to
hatch chickens under ordinary circum-
stances. or course the eggs must be
fertile and fresh to start with, but
with good eggs the hen can practically
tend To the whole job without assist
ance. and the modern incubator re.
Quires but fifteen minutes attenti II
daily.
We have placed twCnty-one students
in charge of as many ~inCubators. and
they Matched twelve hundred chickens
from less than fourteen hundred Rhode
Island Red eggs, and not one of those
previously.
Matching u the chicks is really
about the simplest part of the poultry
business. AS soon as the chicks are
Matched we are confronted with the
most difficult problem of the business,
and that is the handling of the chicks
from the Incubator Stage until they
are feathercd ont. This is the crucial
period, and it is the Waterloo OF prac-
tically every large, and a great many
small, poultry farms. We are almost
certain TO raise the chickens to Il mar
ketable age il we can only keep them
alive ana growing strongly until they
are fully feathcrcd.
The one factor that kills more
chicks than anything else is wrong
feeding. On these two factors, heat
and feed, depend the success OF any
flock of young chickens.
Really the feeding question is very
simple ii N will only be satisfied to
stick to proved principles and sto'
experimenting. The ration for grow
ing chicks must be il complete ration.
that is. it must contain. in proper pro.
portion, sound grains, green food,
mineral matter, animal matter, grind
ing material and plenty of clean,
fresh water. The proportion of each
varies with the age and size OF the
chick. While many varieties will give
good results. perhaps the best ration
which we have used under city con
ditions is the following:
First w~eek-Rollcd oats and bread
crumbs five times daily, on clean sand
or boards.
Second and third weeks-Pinhead
oats, fine cracked corn, millet, three
times daily, scatter in dry hay.mow
litter or clover chaff.
Fourth, fifth and sixth weeks
Hulled oats, cracked wheat, coarse
cracked corn. three times daily in
litter.
beware Of tainted or moldy feed,
and il any wet feed is given use the
smallest possible amount of water.
II milk IS fed let it sour and mix
With mash. Move the chickens before
the ground gets sour, not altcrward.
Dust frequently fer lice.
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1914-06-04
WOOD ASHES FOR THE TREES
When Applied Around Young Trees
Early in Spring They Are Found
Excellent Fertilizers.

Save your wood ashes. If you are
burning oak wood your ashes will be
rich with potash, although the fir
ashes contain considerable potash.
These ashes, according to Better
Fruit, should be kept so that they
are not leached out. When applied
around young trees early in the
spring they are found to be excellent
fertilizers. There is something about
them that seems to be especially
suited to tree growth and they often
seem to stimulate a growth which Is
greater than the food value of the
ashes would seem to indicate.
The ashes can be applied around
the trees In the early spring. A quart
OF them to a young tree would be
sufficient. 1t is much better than to
heap up large amounts around the
trees. 1t is even better to SOW the
ashes broadcast. We are very waste
full Of what fertilizing materials we
secure on our farms. All material
should be saved. 1t is better to haul
out the manure from the barns as
soon as it accumulates. DO not let It
stand around the barns where it be.
comes leachcd.
Hen manure is very rich In nitrogen
and all Of this should be reserved for
use on the strawberry bed, vegetable
or the old orchard. 1t should
be used in moderate amounts, as 1t is
a very strong stimulant.
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1914-06-04
Benjamin Stoddert.

One hundred years ago Benjamin
Stoddert, an eminent patriot and one
Of Washington's most trusted advls-
ors. died In Bladonsburg, Md. Born in
Maryland in 1851, he Joined the patriot
army at the beginning Of the Revolu-
tion and served until the battle Of
Brandy wine. where he was severely
wounded and untitled for further serv-
ice in the field. Mr.. Stoddert was the
first secretary Of the navy in Wash
ington's cabinet, 179s-1SO1. and also
served for a time as acting secretary
of war. While at tho head Of the
navy department he was instrumental
in the increase Of the American naval
force from three friga.es to five frig-
ates and to 20 sloops Of war.
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1914-06-04
Famous American Scholar.

Abraham Coles, a man famous for
The wide scope of his learning, was
born 100 yeGrs ago In the town of
Scotch Plains, N. J.. He was educated
both in medicine and law, but never
practiced the last-named profession.
He was the author OF many patriotic
and devotional hymns, and was espe.
cially noted for his knowledge of Ian
guages and his transactions of the
writings of the ancients. In one of
the public parks Of Newark, N. j.,
stands a unique memorial to Mr.. Coles.
1t consists of "A bronze bust by the
sculptor ]. Q. A. Ward, surmounting Il
pedestal of stones quarried for The
purpose in GalIlee, Bethlehem and
Jerusalem. The foundation of the
monument Is an enormous rock, which
was transported with much difficulty
from a grove near the landing place of
the Pilgrimsr at Plymouth, Mass.
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1914-06-04
GROW TREES IN SANDY SOIL
ing Tests Made by New Jersey
Experiment Station.

A number of experiments in tree
growing in various soils has led the
New Jersey experiment station to de
wise the following formula by which, it
Is said, trees can be made to grow In
barren sandy land, even In beach
sand:
F~irst-Apply oyster shell lime at the
rate of two tons per acre. n and n
half ounce per square foot.
Second-Apply wood ashes at the
rate OF half a ton per acre, three
eighths OF an ounoe per square foot.
Third-Apply the following fertile.
ing mixture at the rate OF 1000 pounds
per acre. ~three-eighths OF an ounce
per square foot; 200 pounds tankage.
200 pounds ground fish, 300 pounds
acid phosphate, 900 pounds muriate Of
potash. In lieu Of this. composted
manure may be- used at the rate OF
ten tons per acre The application OF
lime and wood ashes should be given
in three or four years. but the
tsrttiizsr mixture or composted manp1e
lngyad pe.AQpiisd annually
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1914-06-04

very strong, and the last years growth
vigorous, four canes OF IL buds each
could be saved. If pruned to short
spurs, the same vine should be left
with "a spurs of two buds each.
A very little study and practise will
make grape-pruning easy.
The grape is seldom killed by prun.
Ing after the sap begins to flow, though
1t is far better to prune early.
The weaker the growth the more
severe the pruning should be. If last
years canes are only six to twelve
buds long, do not leave more than one
bud to each spur, but II the canes
make so buds, do not leave more than
three. For most vines n total Of 80
buds will produce a good crop, and in
sure the continued vigor of the vine,
says the Southern Agriculturist.
in arbors, try to get the new wood
on the sides rather than on the top. AS
the new growth lengthens train it up
over the top of the arbor, and next
winter. in pruning, cut the new growth
back to two buds.
Never leave more than one spur at a
place; the spurs should be at least
eight inches apart. better ten inches.
Grapes must have heavy pruning for
best results.
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1914-06-04
HEAVY PRUNING FOR GRAPES
For Most Vines Total Of Fifty Buds
Will Produce Good Crop and In.
sure Continued Vigor.

The grape vines need pruning every
year. If you don't know how to prune
them Just remember that a poor Job
of pruning will do a grape vine vastly
more good than no pruning at all.
II Is a mighty good grape vine that
can take care of more than fifty buds.
And the buds are all on wood that
grew last yearbook and see. You
may select the buds in either of two
ways; by cutting all the last years
growth away except the two buds near
est the old wood. which is called spur
pruning, or by leaving only a few bud.
bearing canes on each vine Casually
not more than FOUR each of which is
pruned where needed. If the vine is
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1914-06-04
New Wood on Peach Tree.

The peach. in normal conditions,
produces considerable new wood each
year. An overabundance of fruit buds
is formed on this new growth. Left
to itself the tree will bear a large
amount Of small fruit and will soon
become long and spindllng, on &C.
count Of its tendency to make upward
growth. Therefore the pruning should
consist Of cutting out all Of the weak
last seasons growth and the main
upward growths, and then cutting
back about one-third to a half Of the
remaining annual shoots. ,
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1914-06-04
MACOMB ~MENTIoNINGS.


Preaching at the Baptist churcf
every first Saturday at II IA. m
and at : p. IN. and Sunday IL n
m. by Rev. &. Caldwell, pastor
Everybody invited.
Preaching at the Maromb Meth.
odist Episcopal church the second
and fourth Sundays each month.
Sunday school every Sunday.
MIS-. W. II. Brake was a Nor.
wood visitor Tuesday.
MeSdamcS S.H. Robertson and
H. X. Junod called on Mrs. Grin
Findl"y Wednesday afternoon.
Nathan Graves and wife visit.
ed in Norwood Saturday.
Claud Dickinson. wife daught-
err Mabel We're guests at d. d..
NorcroSS saturday and sunday.
Mrs. Nathan Graves spent
saturday night at ChaS. Wool.
Sey's and sunday at Chris Ty-
sons.
S. II, Robertson and w. II.
Brake went TO Mansfield Wed
neSday.
Charles Nevrls' spent saturday
at her fathers. Brad tindley'S.
Miss Emma Findley. who has
been visiting there the past
week, came home with them.
Fred short and sisters, Misses
Mollie and Opal, were Mansfield
visitors saturday.
Misses Le!a Findlpy and Nella
Dake took dinner with Miss Eth.
el Robertson sunday.
VII. Brakes visited over sun
day in Mansfield.
Walter Robertson visited at
home saturday and sunday.
Brad Findley is quite sick.
Tom Royal left Monday for
Colorado: We wish him success.
Miss Nirgie Baker spent sun.
day with Miss Birdie Gray.
Mrs. VIII. Brake very pleasant
Iy entertained the embroidery
club from Mansfield Thursday.
The singing at the Baptist
church was well attended san
lay night.
Ernest Roy visited here sun
evening.
Looked natural to see Herbert
and Matte short at sing
ng sunday night.
SUNSHINE.
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1914-06-04
To Mako Success With Ducks,

Leg-weakness in ducks Is often pro.
duced by damp quarters at night. They
can stand all the water and rain dur.
Ing the daytime that they. may be ex-
posed to, but at night they must have
dry quarters.
The floors Of the duck pen should
be heavily covered with straw. Leg.
weakness from this cause is often n
cause OF cramps and rheumatism. II
the trouble does not right Itself in a
few days, and the bird otherwise is in
a good condition, it is best to kill and
eat 1t.
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1914-06-04
Derivation Of "Hoodoo."

The connection IS not obvious at
first sight between the horrible Voc
doc sacrifices, OF which we have Just
heard again from Cuba, and Millions
slaughtered saints" But 1t ia inelli-
gible enough when the history OF Sian
derous bigOtry Is borne In mind. 1t
seems clear that the Waldenses or
Vaudois were really named after their
founder Peter Waldo, who started the
preaching poor men Of Lyons" at the
end Of the twelfth c~entury-the deriva-
ton from q supposed Proyencal word.
"Vaudes." a sorcerer. being a malig-
nant invention. Charges OF ritual mur.
der and foul orgies were commonplace
as between credes In former times.
Hence "Vaudois." in the ens libel
lously attached to It, could readily de
velop the "VoodoO" Of Hayti and the
"hoodoo" OF the United States negro.
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1914-06-04
PROPAGATION OF FRUIT TREES
Operation Is Performed by Grating
and Budding-Some Winter and
Summer Varieties Given.

(By GEORGE T. POWELL. Agricultural
Experts Association. Copyright, l9l4.)
Fruit trees are prOpagated by two
Notwithstanding and budding. In
grating, the wood of the preceding
years growth is cut and made into
pieces containing three buds. These
are inserted into the roots Of seeding
trees in winter or in the tops of young
trees which are cut off In the spring
and one or two CRAFTS set in, which
will grow and make the future top Of
the tree.
In budding, the bark Of Seeding or
young tree is opened in July or Au-
gust. sometimes in September, when
buds on the present years growth are
cut off and inserted, bound tightly
with rat'a, when in a few days the
bud unitCs with the branch in which
it is inserted and the following spring
grows into n tree Of the same variety
as that Of the bud.
In future planting Of orchards 1t ia
important to know the bearing quail
ty of trees and whether they have
been p~ropagated from good productive
stock, and as apples live for 80 long q
period they should be well cared for.
In planting. buy ~two-year.old stock
and prune back the stocks one-half.
cutting back all roots one-fourth Of
their length. Little pruning should
be done for five years, except to cut
hra,nh,, f,,t;,,,l IN n,n,, IL urrn,n
directions. Some excellent varieties
for summer are Yellow Transparent,
Red Astrachan, Red June and VIII
Jams EARLY; and for autumn. Duchess.
G~ravenstein. Wealthy, Twenty Ounce
and Fall Pippin. For winter. Baldwin,
Rhode Island Greening. Northern Spy,
King, Mcintosh, Rome Beauty, Stay
mans Wincsap, Pound Sweet, Bailey
Sweet. Wagner, Winter Banana. Jon.
athan, Delicious. and there are at least
fifty other good kinds.
For a market orchard plant not
more than three or four varieties.
For family use, plant one tree Of about
twelve varieties, and graft one-half OF
each tree with another good kind,
which gives "a choice varieties, owe
ing all seasons. Most varieties are
planted 10 feet apart each way and
those OF spreading growth, like the
King or Greening. so feet. Filler trees
do not grow large, as Yellow
Transparent. Duchess and Wagner.
are planted in between at 20 feet n
way only. These will begin bearing i'll
five years and, after several crops
been taken of, may be cut out.
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1914-06-04
Activities of Women,

OF the 10000 trades union women In
New York city 50 per cent. are foreign.
ers.
In Oregon the law fixes a minimum
wage OF 1926 a week for adult women
clerks.
Miss Elaine Golding has gone to
Panama, where she expects to swim
the Panama canal.
Kansas women are asking that they
have equal property rights with their
husbands.
Mrs. f. II. Hartman, widow Of the
railroad magnate, receives on an aver
age Of 800 letters each month asking
for aid in the shape Of money.
Miss Mary T.. Bell, who acts as spe-
cial examiner for the interstate COM
merce commissioner, is the first wom-
an who ~ acted in that capacity.
Miss Anita Belleyille, who acts as
purveyor OF the correct time in Lon
don. is probably the only woman In
the world to hold such a position.
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1914-06-04
TO CURE DlPHTHERITIC ROUP
Afflicted Fowls Need Very Careful
Treatment, and Should Be Sepa.
rated From Healthy Ones.

What many poultry keepers com.
monty call pip. which shows a white
scale on the tongue. and a languid,
sick look to the eye, in most cases Is
nothing more or less than %diphtheritic
roup. a very contagious and trouble
some disease. 1t is quite common
when the hot weather comes on, and
especially II the season is wet. At
tlicted ones need very careful treat.
ment, and at the same time should be
at once separated from the well ones
OF the flock, and the houses and runs
thoroughly disinfected with chloro-
naptholeum or some other good, ef-
fectire disinfectant. and all loose
nesting material burned.
a good solution for local treatment
10 made by thoroughly mixing one
ounce OF pure glycerlne and one
ounce Of p]erchloride Of iron, which
should be thoroughly shaken each
time before being used. Take a small
'camel's hair brush or a stif wing
quill. dipping lightly into the solution.
and painting the tongue. mouth, throat
and affected parts with it twice a day
at least. Three times would be really
more effective. AS a constitutional
treatment, give each bird a half tea
spoonful Of equal parts of sulphur and
cream of tartar. II the head should
swell in addition to the other symp-
toms. rub 1t with mentholatum or car
bolated vaselile. We prefer the for
mer remedy.
AS a preventive measure 1t is ad-
visable to give the apparently we'll
members Of the flock some Of the
sulphur and cream of tartar. This
will put their systems in a better ON.
dition, and they are not nearly so
EknlN tn hannnnn dIrnnnnI
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1914-06-04
Poultry Branches.

There are several distinct branches
OF poultry farming: Broilers, roasters,
eggs, ducklings, turkeys and SQUAD
pigeons. On a farm Of about ten acres,
where part of 1t is a grove or an or
chard Of large fruit trees and where at
a section there is running water. so
that a pond can be had, 1t will be found
profitable to combine all these
branches of the business. .
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1914-06-04
BUILDING A CHICKEN COOP
One Shown in Illustration Can Be
Erected or Taken Down in Com
paratively Short Time.

A new form of Touchdown chicken
coop has been designed by an Indiana
man. When set up it makes a sub
.stantially square structure with a fiat
roof sloping toward the rear, The
front, back and side portions of the
coop are fastened by the means of
cleats to four uprights which extend
a few inches below the floor and thus
raise the structure from the ground
and keep the floor from getting damp
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1914-06-04
Soon Spotted.

Are women making much progress
in their fight for the BALLOT"
"Oh, yes. There was a time not
long ago when it was necessary for
them to explain what they were after,
but nowadays when a omar mounts
Il platform with a dangerous CLEAN
in her eyes and says she Is there to
speak for the Cause everybody
knows that she Is a suffragette."
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1914-06-04
APPLE TREE PRUNING RULES
Object Should Be to Preserve Sym
metrIcaI, WeIl-salanced Top, Open
In the Center.

There can be no ironclad rules laid
down relative to the pruning of a tree.
No two trees are exactly alike and
each one must be treated individually.
The object should be to preserve a
symmetrical, well-balanced top, open
In the center, without crowding the
branches in any part. All branches
which grow toward the center of the
tree. and those WHICH gross or inter-
fere with each other, should be re.
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1914-06-04
New Chicken Coop.

or rotting. The front elevation has
the lower part open. and a series OF
bars just far enough apart to allow the
fowls to so in and out. Hinged to the
bottom Is Il door which can be closed
at night. ventilation being obtained
through a screened opening at the top.
In the daytime the door lies on the
ground and forms al ascent into the
coop.
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1914-06-04
Excellent Food for ChIcke.

Infertile eggs that have been tested
out OF the incubator make excellent
food for the newly Matched chicks.
They should be boiled hard, run
through a sausage machine or the or
binary household meat chopper, and
mixed with dry cracker crumbs, oat-
meal, or bran.
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1914-06-04
Where Branches Should Be Cut In
Pruning Apple ~Trees-Such Wounds
Readily Heal.

moved. A fine-toothed pruing saw Ia
best for this purpose and the cuts
should be made smoothly and close to
the body or main branch of the tree
from which the superfluous branch is
pruned. There Is usually a little ring
or enlargement at the base Of each
branch; the saw-cut should be made
midway and downward through this
enlargement.
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1914-06-04
Demand for Guineas,

The demand on city markets for
guineas is rapidly increasing owing to
the fact that they are similar to wild
game birds and their flesh is highly
favored. There is good money in
guineas. as they practically take care
OF themselves after they are a few
days old.
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1914-06-04

willie and Mansfield bands gave
another concert of sacred music
after which there was the old
time Christian harmony singers
in charge of the program for the
rest of the evening, and every
one seemed to enjoy themselves
to the utmost. Those who were
in charge are to he commended
for the perfect order and the
perfect manner in which the
service or picnic was conducted.
Every effort was made To make
this Il sacred meeting, hoping for
great good to result from the
same. We are content with the
following lines
The world i wide. i'm time and rllr.
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1914-06-04

Spraying should not be done while
the temperature Is below freezing for
the best results cannot be had then,
as the chemical change tho llme.sul.
Dhur goes through IL hindered at low
temperatures,
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1914-06-04
Breeding TurkeYs.

breeding turkeys will bear con-
fnement quite well. and II you want
them to stay close at homo while
laying they can be kept In n reason.
able.sized Enclosure at least until tho
laying for the day is over
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1914-06-04
Combining TURKEYS.

II Is n very dinlcult thing to keep
young turkeys fenced in. When a tur-
key once learns that 1t can fly over
the fence, It will be forever doing 1t.
The only way to keep them in then 10
to clip their wings or pinion them,
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1914-06-04
A Resemblance.

He Ito wife at the piano)-.That new
piece you are trying Ii pretty difficult,
isn't It?
She-Yes; ! feel like an aviator.
He-How so?
she-Tm trying TO conquer the aiy.
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1914-06-04
Tool for PouItryman,

A hand force sprayer is a good tool
for every poultry raiser to own. 1t
makes easy work of spraying the in.
side of the poultry house with kero.
sene or other lice medicine.
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1914-06-04

Mr.. Wilson had had the
grounds cleaned up and the two
big springs furnished ample
water for the teams and the hun.
dreds of people assembled. The
well filed baskets were soon dis.
posed Of. At 2 o'clock the Hart
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1914-06-04
Feeds for Younu Geese,

Young geese will eat chopped apple,
minced cabbage. and potatoes, and
these vegetables make IA good substi.
tute for green food early in spring.
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1914-06-04

The world is wide, in time and tide.
And tod is guide. So do not hurry,
And man Is blessed who does his best
And leaves the rest, 81 do not Worry"