davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-12-18
Our Neutrality Position

neodore salisbury Woolsey, professor of International law at Yale, in a recent communication, sets forth what should be the neutral attitude of the United States respecting the sale of arms ann lnunition, equipments and supplies to the belligerent nations. Brief as this com munication Is, the feeling here is that it will be of great service at this time. It was impartial, since in it there were some criticisms of England as we'll as of Germany
 Professor Woolsey is esteemed one of tGe his!est authorities in the English speaking world upon questions of inter- national law. His expostions to the Yale students of what is involved in neutrality have for some years been regarded as perhaps the most interesting features of his lectures He pointed out at the time Of Wal between Russia and Japan that there was absolutely no violation either of the spirit or the letter of international law when we lent Japan millions, and when Japan used no small part of these millions to buy commodities that would be available for war purposes
 Che feature associated wffh the com 'nnnicaion of Professor Woolsey was in- stantly brought to the minds of few persons who remembered d like service performed by his father at the time of the N:rginius incident, which for a while seemed likely to involve the United States in war with Spain. The adminis- trsticn at Washington-Genera Grants and those who were of high authority in public life seemed to be in grave doubt resi- ectlng the attitude which the United States should take. One morning late in October, 1873. a communication from Dr. Woolsey. almost as brief as the one recently made by his son. was published. and from the moment that it appeared in prin- there was no doubt at Washington about the proper course which the govern ment should take. Spain was well within her rights. according to Dr. Moolsey, when she seized at sea the Virginius, which was carrying troops and munitions of war designed for use in Cuba.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-12-18

GET YOUR HUYLER's CANDY Ar GUNN'S TWO STORES.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-12-18

The fire department was called early this morning to the residence of George Wentz, where the roof had ignited from a spark. The family would have easily extinguished the fire had it not been for the frozen water pipes. The blaze was extinguished with slight loss. upon the arrival of the depart ment t1i
Evening journal., 1914-08-13
The Journals" Automobile Page
Lower PRICE AND
Share IN PROFITS
FOR FORD BUYERS

DETROIT, Mich, Aug. 13.-That the
Ford Motor Company's announcement
of its reduction in prices, coupled
with a profit sharing plan for the
prospective benefit of the retail buyers
has lifted the people "off their feet"
is indicated by the huge volume OF
correspondence that has overwhelmed
the Detroit office.
While the Ford Company's an
nouncement of its new profit sharing
plan-a plan for the benefit of new
buyers only-was clearly stated it Is
evident that many wish to be assured
on two or three points The officials.
therefore, find it necessary to reiter-
ate that the profit sharing plan for the
benefit of the new owners has nothing
70 do with the immediate reduction IN
price. Sixty dollars is cut off the
price Of every car at once and this
reduction is not contingent on anv
production figure although there is no
guarantee that present prices will not
ne advanced so that all orders are
accepted for immediate delivery onlv
The profit sharing plan, by which
each buyer who purchases a Ford he
tween August first, 1914, and August
nrst 1915, Is to receive from S40 n
800 as his share of the seasons
pronts' IS an entirely separate and dis
tinct proposition and is contingent on
Sontlnued on Page Twelve.
Evening journal., 1914-08-13
SELL BUMPER crops
TOBUY automobiles
John N. WHY'S Predicts
Record Motor Car Busi-
ness Among Farmers
GOOD ROADS ANOTHER
BIG FINANCIAL AID

Early prupnesies Of record automo-
bile business among the western farmers
during the next twelve months are con
firmed by government crop reports. In
that section Of the country the volume
of motor ear sales depends almost en-
tirely upon agriculture.
overland distributors throughout the
west are enthusiastic over the prospects
OF busy season after harvest is over,
says John A. WHY'S, president of the
Willys-Oyerland Company. "Never before
have conditions been so uniformly favor
able for the farmer from coast to coast
and lakes to gulf. There is a bumper
crop in wheat. Corn is we'll above the
ten year average, hay is abundant, pas
tures are green, cattle is bringing good
price and there is an air Of prosperity
throughout the rural districts which
rises superior TO legislation and business
pessimism.
This condition means many more au-
tomobiles for the farmers. The time has
passed when every farm horse scared at
the sight Of a motor car-even in the
thinly populated districts. Automobiles
have become a rural necessity. They arc
considered indispensable by the more
prosperous class Of farmers. With al
motor car the farmer who lives ten miles
or more from town is practically as inde-
pendent as the man whose house is lust
outside the city limits
In four years Kansas alone lost TO-
600 horses. During the same period the
state gained 10000 automobiles. Of
these, almost three -fourths are owned by
the farm population. Many of the big
farms in western Kansas do not use
more than half dozen horses today.
instead Of the forty or fifty they were
forced to keep few years ago Auto
mobiles, motor trucks and gasoline have
taken their place.
The American farmer not only has
come g realize that he can enjoy but de-
mands better things in life Just as much
Evening journal., 1914-08-13

as the man Of the city. just at present
he is busy threshing and gathering in
the big crops. He is up at daybreak and
works till dusk, but in the evening you
will often find him taking an automobile
spin through the country before bed
time.
After the harvest is over, number
OF farmers and their families congregate
~ Hutchinson, in the heart Of the Kan.
sas wheat belt, where they start two
or threeweeks' automobile tour into the
mountains Of Colorado. It is simply
.gS-as you-please' affair with no one
Evening journal., 1914-08-13

seeking to reach the destination ahead of
the others 1t is more after the fashion
of motor caravan. If one car gets
into difficulties, the others stop to lend
a helping hand Last year about sixty
cars made the trip, and this year many
more are expected.
"Good roads have helped the farmer
greatly from a mere financial standpoint,
but already they have more than paid
for themselves in the real pleasure and
recreation they enable him to get from
his automobile"
Evening journal., 1914-08-13
Auto, Tire
and
Accessory News
sAYs might MOTOR
GETS RETrER Will USE


One of the many features of the
Willys-Knight motor. which shows
prominently in comparison with the
conventionl poppet valve type, the
most important, according to its maxi
er, is that it becomes better with use.
1t is alsoclaimed that this motor will
develop greater power than any pop
pet valve motor of the same bore and
stroke
1t is universally conceded that the
ordinary gasoline motor becomes less
efficient the longer it is used" states
John N. WHY'S, builder Of the WHY'S
Knight, and second largest automobile
manufacturer in the world. "But in
the Knight motor there is no vulnera-
hse part 70 wear out and become noisy
ike poppet valves.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-11-28
NOTABLES AT THE HOTELS
Visitors Arrive From Many Parts of
the World.

Among the arrivals at the Waldorf
Astoria were Mr.. and Mrs. Charles w.
West, Boston; Mr.. and Mrs. Benjamin
Gratz. St Louis A. C. Dinkey, Pitts
burg, and Mrs. y. u. Msher. Roanoke,
Va. Among those entertaining at the
Mr.. and Mrs. \. Sulmea. T. Northrop,
Mr.. and Mrs. n. T. Bond, J. +. Wae.
ner, $. l.. Blood. Mr.. and Mrs. Allen
Darrell MIR. and Mrs. George Benson.
Mr. and Mrs. j. \. Campbell Col. and
Mrs. George kavanaugh. Mr.. and Mrs
Martin stiner, c L. Mead, Mr.. and Mrs
Charles EnRlis, Mr.. and Mrs. ]. +. Meaney,
W. r. Javons, Mr.. and Mrs. George Rer-
lin. MIR. and Mrs ]. X. Dickinson and
Mr. and Mrs. r.. OcCumpaugh
Arrivals at the Hotel Breslin included
George Goldsmith and NJ II. jordan OF
Scranton, Pa. Mr. and Mrs. Spencer r.
Gordon. bridgeport .. II. Bates. Bos-
ton. Sol MAYER. Wheeling. W. Va. and
Miss Ethel Lucille Page. Nashville. Tenn.
Arriving at the Hotel Manhattan were
Miss l.. Parkinson OF England. who will
stil to-day for home &. Ferris Pots
dam, y. Y; John c. Kirkland and Lewis
Perry Exeter y. H., and II. :. Patter-
s3u, New Haven.
Among the arrivals at the Hotel Aston
were Nj. and Mrs Il. c. McMichael.
Montreal Mr and Mrs. Charles X
Where, Buffalo. j. :. Jones and W T..
stone. Wheeling, ". Va Mr. and Mrs.
H. r. Wilson Detroit Miss Cricket W.T.
son. Tarrytown Mr.. and Mrs ". l..
Thompson. Washington Col. and Mrs
T.. T. Nudrus and Cowles Andrus West
Point; Lieut. e. VI. Haverkamp, T. s
4, Lieut. j r Henderson. L. S. A
Col. r \. Mann. T. :. A. and Mrs.
Mann. Lieut.. Walter : Sturglu. L. $ A.;
capt : Field Dallam. T. : A., and Mrs
balinn, Newport Lieut. Louis A. Craig.
L. : y Lieut.. j. n. Glennon l.. :. y
Lieut. w II. Faust. L. :. y, and Mrs.
Faust, Lieut.. H. T. smith. l.. :. y.
Ensign Il. +. Hinrchs. l. 6. y, and
Prof A. $. Herring, Concord
Registered at the Hotel Clar!dge are
Haven ". \. Batchelor. Philadelphia
and g. \. Austron. Hartford
Arrivals at the Vanderbilt Hotel in
cludcd Gov Henry G. Stewart of Vir-
ginia, Dr. Charles Carey, Buffalo: MIR
and Mrs. Roy H. Chaplin, Detroit: Judge
y. Charles Burks. Mrs. Thomas !. Will
son, X. Lancaster Williams Baltimore 4.
John W Morse, L. :. ". Col W ".
Gibson. Watcrvliet, y. Y. and Gen. Rus,
sell Frost. South Norwalk.
Anrrs the arrivals a. the Biitmore
We're M aud Mrs. g. H. Hanna. Cleve-
land. Mr. and Mrs T. ; Doremus.
Greenwich, Conn George s. Tiffany, St
Louis Ms J. FII,ohild Whec or. Bridge
r.r' conn Mr. y. e. Sunderland. chi
cage; Kerr u. Macmillan. Aurora. y y:
Nr yat N'- B. q Is. DAVIS. Hartford
81" anl 49,, Ju1u j Brown Whit.
Htu-. J'AH H. Nrt..c, Boston.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-11-28
BLAME S.SAIL0R
IN SMYRNA INCIDENT
Official Explanation by Turks
Puts OnuS on Tennessee
IIelmSman.
BRYAN Is FULLY SATISFIED

wAsui~GToN. Nov. o7-Thc Turkish
Government lays all the blame for tn
firing on the launch of the cruiser Ten
ne,sec at Smyrna last week upon the
helmsman Of the launch. who is charged
with Indifference" according to a des-
patch received from Ambassador Nor
gcn.hau and made public to-day by
secretary OF state Bryan
Since Secretary Bryan announced that
this despatch CLOSED the incident" and
indicated that the Turkish explanation
was acceptable the matter viii ead,
according to present appearances, vita
an unnamed b.uejackrt Of the navy carry
ing the burden of blame for the AFFAIR.
II appeared that this account of the
incident. which differed from CAPT.
Dcckers report in several respects. was
never laid before Secretary OF the Navy
Daniels by Secretary Bryan. When the
state department communication, ac-
compan.ed 10y the statement that Nj.
Bryan had announced the incident was
closed" was shown To Mr. Daniels he had
.othins to say. Il is known. however.
that at the Navy department there IL
much resentment that Turkish statements
have been accepted offhaud without even
reference 20 the Navy department.
Tie statement given out 10y Secretary
BRYAN follows
The Turkish Minister OF War has com.
municdtcd to Ambassador Morgcuthau ~
Constantinoplc an explanation concerning
the incident of the firing from the fort
q. smyrna upon thu steam launch of the
nited states cruiser Tennessee
THE War Minister'S report states
that ne ascertain,d from the oommludont
Of Sml rna that Two blank shots q. warn
ing were firt fired and that the sentinel
after waiting two minutes, was obliged
to fire the thi d shot in another direction
from that of the launch, which Latter
shot was merely TO prevent the helmsman
of the launch from holding his course
which would lead directly ON to tho
m nes at the eut, anCe OF the port, and to
res We him from "A very certain dancer
The commander Of Smyrna EXPIRE ses
very great regret that sucn AN opligd-
ton was presented to the sentinel of the
port, which he attributes 10 the indiffcr-
ence Of the helmSmau OF the launch"
According to the best understanding
OF the Smyrna incident Cap. Decker was
himself In the launch ard therefore re-
sponsibl- for all its movements.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-11-28

In this connection T. r. Franklin. a
broker in the MARITIME Exchange
Building. yesterday said:
1T Is almost cheaper to purchase now
than 1t IL to charter. But then one does
not know how long this war Is going
to last. II II lasts for one or two years
one could make lots of money out Of a
good freighter, hut IL II ends suddenly.
as some think 1t will. then the purchaser
would have a white elephant on his
hands. because under present laws IL
is very difficult for American ship owners
to compete with foreign owners.
There are, IT seems to me, $50 men
interested In horses who are eager TO
charter vessels or to arrange for the
shipment OF their horses, but when a
broker hears the word horse he shuts
up. and there's nothing doing.
'rhe British are shipping considerably
by way ~ Montreal and Halifax This
Is IN keeping with the policy Of the Gov
eminent IN spending as much OF ts money
ms possible at home or in the British
colonies. hut even this does not relieve
the situation here"
At the office of Funch Edge & Co u
was learned that freight rates had IN
creased 2ho per cent since the war began
in August The freichts on foods,uffs
and grain have increased from $50 20 200
per cent, and on Other materials that are
needed for the war the Increase has beet,
much highc~
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-11-28
Scarcity of Ships Daily
Becomes Greater Problem
Freight Rates and Charter Rates Are Rapidly Advancing,
and CarGOcs for Europe Go Begging for
Want of Transportation.


There IL a dearth OF ships to carry
materials that are being purchased in
this country for shipment to Europe. ana
freight rates and charter rates are
bounding so high that shipping men Won
der where they will stop.
The reasons for these high rates and
the scarcity OF ships are many. All the
German and Austrian freight carriers
are either informed In home or neutral
ports. or have been captured by the
cruisers OF the Allies. Consequently
many hundreds OF thousands Of tons or
vessels are not available. II is remarked
that at the same time there Is no ship
ment of anything To German or Austrian
ports and that this should have offset
to an extent the withdrawal of German
and Austrian vessels but those vessels
took cargoes to ports other than GER
man and Austrian. and vessels are wanted
to take their places Then the British
Government has, according to a ship
ping authority, taken about 1900 vessels
for use as transports to carry supplies
rope and for other uses and the with
drswa! of that huge fleet has increased
the demand.
Early this month the Ameriran-la-
waiian Steamship Nissourian was chart
cred to carry horses TO Bordeaux. The rate
paid for this vessel is Sl,i00 a day. and
IL has been chartered TO make three
voyages, with the privilege of extending
the charter
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-11-28
TO STUDY BELGIANS.
Dean Met Ienahan of Princeton VIII
Investigate Needs.

PRINCETON. Nov. 27.--At the suggestion
OF President John Grier II bben and with
the Official sanction of Princeton Uni
varsity, Prof. II ward McClenahan. dean
Of the college, will sail next Saturday
for Europe q Investigate the condition
of Belgian refugees. Because OF uncer-
tainty " reports received of the condi-
tlou Of the Pelgians and with a desire
to aid the sufferers by the most efficient
means number 4 alumni and friends
OF Princeton are making this investiga-
ton poss BILE.
Dean McClenahar VII first visit Cam
bridge. oxford and the va lous stations
In England that are sheltering Belgtans.
From England he expects to visit Paris
and to 60 from there To Belgium. unless
prevented by the Government.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-11-28
JOFFRE GETS MILITARY MEDAL.
POincare Confers Highest Army
Honor an Commander.

PARIS, Soy. l5--Pres Poincare
has conferred upon Gen. Joffre the me
daille mlitaire' the highest honor to
which French soldier can aspire. The
presentaton't -s t-ide in the presence OF
Premier Vivian. Minister Of War Mil
lerand. the Presidents Of the Senate and
the Chamber Of Deputies and the mem
bers OF the General Staff on Thursday
when the President m de another tour of
the battle line by automobile
In making the presentation President
Poncare said the simple medal which
was the emblem of the highest milf
tary virtues and which was worn with
equal pride 10y il.ustrious generals and
humble soldiers, vas a mark Of the ma
tion's gratitude to their commander in
chief
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-11-28
HONORS FOR Won HINDENBURG.
Faculties OF University of tocnigs-
berg Confer -Four Deure.s

AMSTERDAM, via Londln Nov ?7-Thc
four faculties Of aw. divinity. medicine
and philosophy OF the University of
kocnigsbcrg have united IN giving tn
-four ctor's degrees 10 gen. Won hin.
deuhurg, commander Of the German
arm'eS on the eastern front.
The diploma carving tn, degrees is
inscribed To the suprcm" l"adcr nf The
Eighth German Army who compi5t.ly
overihrrw aud destroyed the Russla,
huldrs, u.l IN Ibis way Offended h,.
native province and German culture fr m
barbarian enemies 10 the immortal orna.
ment of the fatherland."
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-11-28
GALICIAN GOVERNOR DEAD.

AMSTERDAM. Nov. 27-A Vienna dcs-
patch is printed In the Frdnkfurter Zei-
ttHO stating that Count Bobrnsky, the
Russian Governor General of GaliCla died
at Lembe's to-day Of apopleXy.
Count liohriusNy figured IN ,he Rus
sian pdn-S'ayic movement I'm Gaiicia for
several years. lie was Involved in the
agitation among the Austrian Rutheniaus
which r. suited IN the conviction last year
Of several Rutheulans for plotting against
Austrian rule. iohrinsky appeared he
fore the Austrian tribunal under pledge
Of immunity.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-11-28
GERMAN CASUALTIES GROW.
1i..Se5 Admitted. ExcIudinr saxon.
WurtemburG and Ba,arinn Lists

loNpoN. Nov -. - The Copenhagen
correspondent o. the ErcnmD Neics SAYS
that the l'st ~ German casualties issued
to-day brings the total losses given in these
lists up 20 6l2.SS5.
In addition s!Nty-four Bavarian. sixty.
two Saxon ana siNty-Inur Wurte'nherg
lists have been Issued. which. according
TO the correspondent. bring the total Ger
man casualties up to at least a million
men killed. wounded and missing.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-11-28
HIGH PRICE FOR WAR TROPHIES.
BIg Demand In Paris for Relics
From BnttIehcIds.

PARIS, Nov 27--Ther, il an eXtraordi-
nary demand here for trophies OF tho war
particularly f.r Pruss!an helmets and
side arms recovered from battienalds That
are now historic. Not only Frcnchmcu are
eager to obtain such mement IS bu. Waay
visitors to the capital seek for them a.
the most interesting souvenirs possible to
obtain of their sojourn in Europe in WAY
times
Prices have reached an absurd figure A
spiked helmet in, good condition q SITS a.
least 100 francs ts2oI. swords pistols
cpnulcttrs and even military buttons aairs
fancy prices.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-11-28
Horses Cause smiles.

Yesterday another horse purcha ser tried
To get vessel To- take horses across the
Atlantic. He wanted 10 charter for some
Grrcian port. but shipping men smiled
and told him they could not help him. He
was offered one vessel which was pur-
chased under a forced sale recently, ana
~. price quoted was $4,000 month.
This vessel is now in the Erie Basin.
IL IL fitted as a passenger vessel, and to
transform IL into carrier Of horses
would cost $4,000 to $4,000. The vessel
has been offered for sale for S25O,o0O.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-11-28
WAR TIME AID IN CHILDBIRTH
Financial aud Medical Assistance
for German women Rcported.

LoNUuN. Soy. 81 Reuters corr,spond.
snt at Amsterdam saws that the German
Bundesrath has decided to furnish nuau-
cial and medical assistance 10 women n,
the time of childbirth IN order to relieve
the anxiety of husbands 1T the front ana
10 protect the coming generation.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-11-28
'ENGLAND'S BATTLE LOSSES
10000, ASSERTS PUBLICIST
A. Launcelot Artus at Hotel Bresn, Thinks 1t Will
Take Britain Fifteen Years to Recover From
Wars 100000 Life Policy Signed

given to the various consuls to be used for
the relief Of families OF the allied reserv-
lists who are now fighting in the trenches.
The members of the New York Peace
Society will hold a meeting at the Hotel
Aston and discuss the present war on the
afternoon of December ..
Basil Durant and Miss Margaret
Hawkesworth will conduct the daily dam
SAINTS in the grill room of the Hotel Plaza
from now on.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-11-28

THE Army Council OF England In Sep
TENDER expected the war to last from
three to five years, but it is now probable
the wonderful success OF .the Russian arms
will very considerably change their opin-
ion" said a. Launcelot Artus, an English
mountain climber and member of the
Royal Historical Society OF England, at
the Hotel Bresln yesterday to "A SUN
reporter.
Mr.. Artus arrived from England several
Gays ago by way OF Canada. lie Is an
author and publlcist. who has made slje-
claI study Of European politics. Last
summer he had a most perilous adventure
when he and his guide were lost on the
Dent Blanche, which is described as the
most consistently dangerous and difficult
peak in the Alps lie Is a brother-in-law
OF Gen. Fowke, 1nspector-General OF En-
gineers. now at the front
lie is OF the opinion that 1t will take
England at least fifteen years to recover
tvom the effects OF the war. When he left
nome. he said. England had lost about 7O.
600 men In battle
The purpose of his visit to this coun-
try is 10 deliver series OF lectures on the
historical and political causes Of the war
Not the least admired and distinguished
guest at the Hotel Martinique to-day Is
green parrot watch sweaIs volubly IN
Sndrish when addressed as Loretta Bonita.
The bird came from Cartiuouc Colombia,
and Is on the way 10 Buffalo capt Hen
shaw 81 the United states Fruit COM
pdnys snip PaStor,s brought the parrot
20 Sew York for Miss Dorothy BucI,lln,
the siN-yelr-od granddaughter OF Lang
don u. Clark Of Buffalo.
\ million dollar life insurance policy
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-11-28

Domnick Riley former police captain.
was cleared ~ charge OF bribery wh,r.
Juig" Grain in General Sessions vcste.-
day dismissed the Indictment Hl,d a y.3r
ago against MIN.