Cheyenne record., 1914-12-31

without precedent in Oreath ana Hals-
: nifty is war-war which is devastating the
Old world and fixing its sinister impress
on the new.
It came swiftly and with a terrific
clash On July 23. the Austro- Hungarian
government sent an ultimatum to SerV1a
d. manding the punishment of the per-
E,.n, concerned in the assassination of
the Archdukc Franz Ferdinand and in
Hiant suppression of all ant-Austrian
propaganda in that country and giving
AZ hours for consideration. The belgrade
government agreed to the Austrian de-
grnand with a single exception-that which
I would have empowered Austrian officials
To. take a leading part in the punishment
of the nurderers. and asked for further
information on this point
The reply was not satisfactory to Aus
,ria She promptly declared war on Ser
svia and began to move troops toward
the border. The Serbs began active mob
ilizaiion and removed their capital from
Erigr',dc to Nish. in the interior. In
stantiy the eyes OF all the civilized world
wcrr turned toward Russia
rhr day after Austria declared war
on Scrvt thc Russian minister of for
cisn affaiEi warned the German ambas-
s,du- that il Servia were invaded Rus
sia would not be able to remain neutral.
Great Britain proposed to Germany.
rrnnrr and Italy that council should
l." arranged to mediate between the two
VtSI httNlS, Germany uPclHeu " betoliIt
party 10 such an arrangement. The car
urged the kaiser to use his influence with
the Austrian emperor. According to the
German account. the kaiser complied
with tins request to the best of his abil-
uY When he discovered. however. that
mobilization was going on actively In
Iussia hc wired the cZar that his course
WAS ,uuising mediation impossible.
Two days later the kaiser proclaimed
martial law throughout tho country and
sent a twcnty-four hour ultimatum to
the Muscovitc government demanding an
tusiant abandonment of all war prep
rra,ion AT the expiration of this ulti-
natu,n. August I. the kaiser gave the
order for mobilization to begin and on
the same day Count Won POurtales. the
German ambassador at st. Petersburg.
started homCWard.
Mciuwhiic the mobilization of the en-
ire French army was begun Martial
t,w WAS declared and. August 4. the Ger
,nnu ambassador announced that the war
hrtW"rn his country and France was on
tInsi,nd had asked both France and
C.cruanv If they would respect the neu-
trnnty of Rcigium in case OF war The
former had answered in the afilrIna tive.
The latter made no direct reply, and Bel
sran mobilization began at once.
On August a German army marched
Iniu tho Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.
vhus" neutrality had been guaranteed
hy ~" powers In 1867. A day later. the
t:"ru''" government sent note to the
H"IG'Nu government demanding passaE"
for German troops through the country
;,ni l,runiSing ample compensation for
rii -i3u,r" at the close of the war. This
YVES IN the form OF an ultimatum and
a,urcIi"I twelve hours as time limit
rhc reply was that Belgium would de-
f'ut lcr neutrality by force of arms If
i,, H"l" necessary.
Great Britain Declares War.
ID
am h"g'n active mobilization Of her
furrrh and all the naval reserves were
called "u at once War against Germany
was ,C"inrrh on August 4. n war budget
OF $40 O0l was voted, and within a few
days British force Of 10000 men had
been lltldcd In France. On August Aus
tr,a hungary declared war on Russia
sut ilcs troops crossed the Russian bor
der The MontcneGrins joined the Serbs
Hsunst Austria and Bosnia was invaded.
On August 10 the French government
prnri timed war against Austria. and two
days later England followed her exam
pie Japan announced her intention to
side win her british ally.
%,.,.d,nayia and Holland asserted their
n"utrniily, hut at once put all their mill
,'rv ,csnurCes into requistion for de-
f"ii.>r Portugal announced her intcn-
iinu ln rulill her treaty obligations with
Great I;rilain but she did not become a
l"i,rrrrni al once. Spain Drofesscd abb
s.nluir neutrality. but began Immediate
nuI.lli::,ton of all her forces. Turkey de-
rar"d for neutrality, but mobilizcd hel
,ruy and began to advance toward Bul
g,r,a II was not until the last of Octo
im., thai she made her initial dcmonstra
t,u, IN the Black sea against Russia
C.rcrrn as well as the minor Balkan
states was in Il condition of armed eN'
p.rtInry AS for Italy, sworn ally OF
G"rmany and Austria in the so-callet
- It,Eund she took advantage OF the fact
thnt her p,rtncrs were not engaged in 6
defensive war to remain neutral despite
strong pressure from Berlin and Vienna
a, The outbreak of hosttiities. censor
ship which is the most effective eveI
-known was established in all the warrini
countries About all that was actually
revealed was that the kasers forces
made their way through Belgium with {
tremendous loss of men and property
the Belgian defenders of the little king
dow evhibiting a power of resistance AM
Il &dubhornncss which amazed the world
The forts at Iicge halted the German
IceiOus for week. But the odds were
ion great Hy the end of August the ter
rihle German war machine had literally
Inuwcd its way through Belgium and by
Srptnmher had reached n point within
twriity miles OF Paris. which was in ac-
tive prrDn ration for a siege. The seat OF
SOvCrnTaenl was removed to bordeaux
Snddcriy. on September 4. tho German
army of the right turned eastward. Since
thai tina the kniscr's forces have beer
retiring slowly fighting with n persis-
tsnvy never before recorded in the his
tory of modern war
Russian mobilization by the middle OF
August was practically completed and
the cars armies were in rapid advance
nrJ hn from