The Alaska daily empire., 1914-12-18

DUTY OF NATIONS
 n PEACE AND WAR
 Is the duty one man owes another to obsorge his individual rights also strictly applicable 70 nations?
 With the war which now Involves almost haif .ho world iu operation, tho imp6fieot rights of natloua ae defined by authorities on intemation' ol law gro oi special Importance.
 "A perfect right said an authority on tho aubioct to The Empire today' els one that state eniofces by its Inv by prescribing penalties otc.- imperfect ones, those prescribed by usage pollteuess, good breeding etc. fl you visit peraon you have right to g return but can do nothing 4 it ls not roturnedi hence 10 internation- al law an imperfect right ig reclpro- cal in character and is sal dto rest upon lhe comlty of nations, 4 list Of imperfect righta includes duty of hu. manity Che right of asylum. the duty of comity and the duty of intercourse
 Humanity Flrat.
 The duty of humanity has princi- pally to do with Individuals as af fording shelter to ship-wrecked crews or ships troops. etc, seeking refuge from an enemy and sometimes has 10 do with nations In the whole, as af- fordlng relief in famine and other disastera
 "As to tbe right of asylum, q state can prescribe restrictions as to who shall visit or enter its territory and decline to admit those 1t considers dangerous. In the case of political refugees, tho practice Of most states ie to receive them even against the protests of the state from which they have fled, but with tbe condition not to use the country as a base for operations. This asylum can be ter minated at any time.
 The duty of comity i8 the observ- ing of a set of rules of conduct states towards each other violation of which is no cause of war but some. times m will It is called the comity of nations and consists in the prac- tice of extradltion, the privilege of exterritoriality extended to foreign BoYereigns travelling, their 0mbassad- ors, or armies in trangit
 Duty of Intercourse.
 "phe duty of Intercourse requires nations to enter into relctions of inter. course with each other, to send and receive ambassadors and permit con auls to reside and perform their duties, to negotiate treaties and per. init aliens to reside and travel in the territory. It alao includes the duty of commercial intercourse-to permit foreigners to engage in commerce. with its subjects or citizens and to- exchange its products for those of other nations To do otherwise is isolation.
 The duty Of mutual respect-mili- tary and maritime ceremonial involves another very important list of rules.
 While a state is entitled to respect, such ceremonials are chased as im- perfect rights and are based on comfy Omissions have led to dis- oussions, eumities and some bloody wars. Within ita limits a state regu- latcs thia. without by custom and long continued usage. It originated in honors shown Co soyereigns who in early days owned tho country they ruled.
 "The present practice holds obli- gatory in the following cases: (DI In the forms of mutual courtesy. Thia is shown in the recognition of on ex. Isting form of government including Its officials. In former times republics had rank after monarchies, but all are equal now. @ In naval and military ceremonials on high seas and waters of state, and between ships in port and forts. (S) Similar ob- servances are used on land between armies, forts, military and naval of- hcers and military honors to high of dcials. CD In tbe formalities ob- served in diplomatic intercourse and correspondence. Each state regulates the forms
 Maritime Ceremony.
 "The maritime ceremonial is regu- lated by usage and treaty. Ships of war visiting port are required tol pay certain ceremonials and receive the same. It consists of salutes and an exchange Of visits. The aag should never De lowered but may be dipped
 "As to the ceremonial on the high seas between ships of war, the junior salutes first and Q single ship aalntes a squadron. saluteg are returned gun for gun and those carrying rulers and their families are saluted first. Mer- chant vessels hoist their colors and exchange news.
 Second hand furniture bought sold and exchanged at Universal Repair chon qy6.Qog TfronIr4fn gt 12-1O.tfi