davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1914-01-09

The bronze tablet presented
to Valley City by its ciixens
was recently unveiled.
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1914-07-17
ALFALFA WILL THRIVE
IN MANY SOILS
NICHOLAS scHMITz.
Maryland Agricultural Experiment
Station.

For a number Of years the Mary
lnhd Agricultural Experiment Station
has been testing alfalfa on the various
soil types Of the State now under cult.
yation. These tests, together with
the successful experience of many
farmers, have proven beyond a doubt.
that under favorable conditions alfalfa
can be grown successfully on prac
tically all soils OF the State.
No soil. regardless OF type or loca.
tion IN the State. however, will pro.
duce fair crops Of alfalfa unless II il
fertile; producing at least 40 to 50
bushels (or 10 barrels) OF corn pei
acre in a normal season. No amount
Of fertilizer applied either before OF
after seeding will make up for poor
land at the start. Moreover. starting
alfalfa under such conditions is indeed
very expensive. II the land Is poor,
It ls far better to wait few years and
grow fertilizing crops such as COW
peas, crimson clover. soy beans and
red clover in the rotation before each
money crop. II manure is available
The more used the better. In fact, the
supply Of organic matter is very i'm
portant factor in the production OF
alfalfa. IL is seldom that land very
low in humus grows alfalfa success
fully.
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1914-07-17

Drainage must be good. Alfalfa re
quires much more complete drainage
than other farm crops. Land inclined
TO be wet and springy in winter and
early spring. although dry enough dur
ing the growing season to produce
good crops Of corn, wheat, oats ana
grass, is not drained well enough fol
alfalfa. On such land alfalfa is sure
to be killed out sooner or later by
heaving due to the frequent freezing
and thawing so common some seasons
Lining for alfalfa is absolutely
necessary on practically all Maryland
soils,-even in the natural lime stone
sections. 1t makes little or no differ
ence what kind of lime is used IL the
proper amount Of each is applied. II
is question of cost and ease OF hand
ling rather than the effect upon the
alfalfa
The amount Of lime to use under
average conditions is one ton per acre
of caustic lime. that is burnt stone OF
lump lime. ground lime or burnt oyster
shells. Hydrated lime should be use
at the rate of $500 to 2.700 pound
and ground lime stone or ground oyste
shells should be applied at the rate ol
$500 pounds to 2 tons per acre.
The best time to apply lime is the
season before sowing the alfalfa. II
however. this is not convenient or I'M.
practical. it may be applied just be
fore, or even after seeding. with the
assurance Of good results and no In
Jury.
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1914-07-17
Improve Your Strain :
of Tomato Seed



Study your tomato plants while work.
ing among them. with view 10 select
ing several for seed purposes. Sci a
stake beside those plants, which grow
ing under normal field conditions. you
consider ideal as to type When the
truit on the these plants is fully riye,
pick it for seed. There may be few
Of the plants that have not developed
as you expected Discard these from
the seed lot, sending The fruit to the
factory.
Crush the ripe tomatoes IN barrel
Qr bucket until Il is twothirds full.
Fthen let the pulp stand until Il fer
ments. This will take from "a 10 7s
hours. depending upon the teupera-
ture obtained. AS soon as the mass
has fermented. fill the receptacle with
water Let this settle for an hour Or
SO; the pulp Will rise and the seed
sink Dip the pulp and water off, aud
lll the barrel second time with
water. Let this settle for a short time
and pour of The seed will be clean
Pour II out on screen to permit the
surplus water to drain on Place this
10 a dry room. whore birds and mice
rannot reach it. Leave II for some
time to dry thoroughly The seed can
then be put in cotton bags. and stored
in some dry room over winter Con-
linue this selection and you will in
crease the profits from the tomato
crop. There is nothing finer than
clean, homegrown tomato seed.
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1914-07-17
RURAL MINISTERS CONFERENCE
AT AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE.
B. H. BARROW.
Maryland Agricultural College.

The country church is continually
under fire by critics who declare thai
1t is not fulfilling its function, that II
does not stand for something vital tc
the needs of the average man ant
woman. II this be true, it is a seri
Gus condition indeed.
That there is some truth in the
statement is now admitted by any
minister who has studied the prob
lem, but the fact remains that the
rural church has done a wonderful
work in the past and should be
sparingly criticised except where crit
cism may bring about constructive ef
fort toward betterment. Country life
has changed, rural Institutions have
weakened and some have disappeared
entirely Here and there we find
fiourishing country church, alive 10 the
needs OF its neighbor house ard rec
ognized as the most necessary organ
ization in the community. However
in many places may be found
churches" which are but names
buildings. shells, which II not aban
doned utterly have but little influence
on the people In their neighborhood
The country minister OF Maryland is
awake. as is demonstrated by the
Rural Life Conference for Ministers
which will be held at the Maryland
Agricultural College. August A. 5.
Every minister in the State is being
urged to attend and should receive a
program of this conference.
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1914-07-17

there is reason 10 believe he will
transmit these qualities to his OF.
spring.
The advantage OF using a pure bred
sire on the grade herd is easily under
stood when 1t is seen that the first Off
spring contain so per cent Of his high
producing blood. As his breeding Is
apt TO make him prepotent over com.
mon cows, his influence on e first
cross is really greater than represent
ed by the 50 per cent. When the pure
bred sire is bred TO the half blood
teifers, the progeny will be rs per
cent pure. This being carried on for
several generations, high grade herd
Df cows Will be developed, which for
practical purposes are as good as pure
breds.
In localities where one breed is popu-
lar the most economical way to pur.
chase bulls, is to organize Breeders
Association. The association elects q
board Of directors who have charge
Of the affairs OF the association. There
may be some bulls in the community
that are of sufficient merit to be In
eluded in the association. By purehas.
ing one or two more large number
OF cows could be bred each year.
The community is divided into
blocks. When the bull in block No. 1
Is no longer desired, he is moved to
block No. q and one of the other bulls
Is moved to block No. l. BY this
method Of cooperation. each farmer
has the use Of pure bred bull for a
period Of six 10 nine years, at the
initial cost Of one. or If his herd be
small, less than the cost of one.
There is another great advantage
TO this system of breeding The bulls
are kept in the community for period
Of several years, The production OF
their daughters are known before they
are disposed Of. II one Of the bulls
has transmitted to his offspring high
producing ability, he is the highly pre-
potent animal that is worth fortune
TO any locality.
Further. the community will become
known as center for certain breed;
and buyers will eagerly purchase the
surplus at higher price than could
otherwise be secured.
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1914-07-17

Do you know that all things being
equal the smaller your flock of grow
ing chickens the better the individual
birds will grow and develop? Have
you stopped to think that you can re-
duce the size OF your fiock of pullets
approximately one half by taking out
the males? The earlier they are re.
moved the better the pullets will be
developed, anc the stronger and harder
the pullets are, tie setter will be their
egg production durh.s tue winter. Sell
of the cockerels as soon Is they get a
little size for as rule prices arr
higher earlier In the season. HoA
ever. if you have some exceptional
birds and can sell some OF the cokerels
for breeders In the fail pick out the
best and pen them up by themselves,
being sure to give them the best OF
care and attention 1t is just as i'm
portant to have the male birds healthy
and vigorous as the breeding hens
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1914-07-17
SECOND SPRAY FOR COOLING
MOTH.
7. B. sYMoNs.
Maryland Agricultural College.

The second brood of the codIine
moth appears about July LIST. Unless
the first spraying. when the bloom fell
was exceedingly thorough. a spraying
with arsenate Of lead should be applied
at this time.
More important though than the
arsenate of lead treatment for the
Codling Moth is the application Of
Bordeaux mixture to prevent Bitter
Rot and other diseases developing
when the fruit is maturing.
The combination spray recommended
for this time is.
Bordeaux Mixture and Arsenats Of
Lead:
Copper Sulphate. lbs.
Lime fBurned), lbs.
Water. so gals.
Arsenate of lead. lbs.
The spray solution is cheap. and II
only requires a little extra pains to
secure good crop of clean fruit.
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1914-07-17
Concrete Silo is
Cheapest in Emo


The kind Of silo that farmer
should build will. to some extent. be
controlled by circumstances. In a
few cases It would seem expedient to
construct the cheapest silo that will
keep silage. This applies In the case
Of a renter or where the cost OF
materials fl permanent silo make
il prohihitivn.
Ordi.arily tie concrete silo can be
construe ed as cheaply as the wooden
silo. II sill Lecp silage as well and
Il is permanent Where gravel pit
Is near at hand 70 that gravel can be
had for tie haul ig the concrete sflo
can be construc "a at comparatively
amall cost. the ment and material
Tor forms rc9isse ing the chief items
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1914-07-17
ROY H. WAITE.
Maryland Agricultural Experiment
Station.

1t certainly pays to keep chickens
tame. Aside from the satisfaction and
pleasure of working in agreeable sur
roundings. the chickens. themselves,
will grow and develop much better
It's a simple matter to keep them tame
One Of the most important steps is to
keep them hungry. Chicks that arc
oyerfed do not take much interest in
their attendant Then you must be
careful in all your movements when
going amongst them for quick or sud.
den motions will set them all aflutter
II they are wild, make them come close
to you to get their feed. Gradually
shorten the distance the feed is thrown
each day and soon you will be reward
ed by them flying upon you and acting
as gentle and fearless as one could
wish.
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1914-07-17
FIGHTING 1T OUT.
ROY II. WAITE.
Maryland Agricultural Experiment
Station.

Anyone having little nerve and
some mechanical ability can quite
easily learn to caDonize well enough
TO operate on the males Of small flocks.
The operation looks difficult but really
il is very simple one. II is simple
iecause Of the nature resistance birds
ave to the attacks OF bacteria It
GEMS strange that the intestinal
cavity Of birds can be opened up in
SO crude a manner without disastrous
results but such seems to be the case.
Antiseptics are not even used as a
rule because they would talnt the flesh
and If the bird happened to be killed
during the operation. 1t would not be
so good for food.
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1914-07-17

The advantages Of caponizing are
that the birds become more docile and
can be managed easier, their flesh IL
OF better quality and they can be
raised to given weight on less feed
than can cockerels. They. also bring
a higher price on the market than
most any other fowl
Simple though explicit instructions
for performing the operation accom-
pany the caponizing instruments sold
on the market.
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1914-07-17
sHouLD~RE PREPARING FOR
MARYLAND WEEK.
t. B. sYMoNs.
Maryland Agricultural College.


The premium list for the Maryland
Week Exhibition, November 1921, is
now being issued by the Maryland
State Horticultural Society and Am
lated Associations. The Club Exhibit
Prizes have been increased as well as
the prizes for fruits, vegetables
cereals. and dairy products. This show
Is now looked upon as one OF the
largest and best of its kind in the
East Now is the time to plan to pro
duce prize exhibits of either fruit. veg
etables or cereals. Every section OF
Maryland should be represented at this
exhibition.
All local farmers organizations
should study the rules for the club ex.
hiblts and commence planning now for
making a club exhibit at this great
show. II will be good advertisement
for any community besides making
such an exhibit aids and advertises the
worth OF the local association in many
other ways. Every section of Mary
land should be represented at this
exhibition.
This exhibition is educational in
every detail, and all farmers should
plan to exhibit and attend the show
and annual meetings of the associa-
tions held at Baltimore in November.
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1914-07-17
How To Improve
the Dairy Hero


The most economical way to estab.
iIsh herd Of high grade dairy cattle
Is to breed the common cows. such as
are found In every locality to a pure
bred bull This bull should not be
merely a pure bred Of the breed de-
sired but he should be the offspring
Of animals that are known to be large
producers Of milk and butterfat Ills
dam should be large producer; like
wise the dam Of his sire, These two
animals exert a great influence on the
young bull. II his sire be an aged bull.
it is well to note the production Of lis
daughters. II this dam and his grand
dam on his sire's side are animals OF
merit and his sire has bred daughters
that are making large productions.
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1914-07-17
SPRAY FOR ASPARAGUS BEETLE
E. N. CORY.
Maryland Agricultural College.

There are two asparagus beetles.
one red with black spots. and the
other black with yellow stripes. that
lnfest asparagus. They deposit their
eggs along the stalks. The larva,
small, dirty appearing grubs eat the
shoots. There is little or nothing that
can be done to prevent injury when
the beetles are present in numbers.
However. the chances Of injury from
this source can be greatly reduced by
/ few simple methods, employed after
he cutting season is over. When the
atch is Of considerable extent. a
borough spraying with four pounds Of
arsepate of lead in barrel Of water
in which has been previously dissolved
one pound of laundry soap, to aid in
the adhesive qualities Of the mixture:
or one quart OF syrup or molasses wiz
aArvs as well as the soap.
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1914-07-17

UtdI UUst UI 1HdtVT1UII FIz0.5U- II
the farmer can furnish his own labor
tie above figures represent the cash
utiay. If all the labor is hired. it will
equire Is days to lay the foundation
and build the wall. Three more days
would be required to make the forms,
doors and put the roof on. The labor
cost would not exceed $4,000. This
would bring the total cost of the silo
up to $205.sO which is cheap for a per
manent silo.
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1914-07-17

Let your boy or girl have a share
in the farm business. Give them
pig. calf few hens or patch of
land to works place for hive OF
bees If nothing else anyway to make
them feel they have part in the life
Of the farm that is their very own.
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1914-07-17

Boys are natural resources. They
can be worked out as soil can be Inn
ipovefished by forever exacting the
same thing Of them and never fertiliz.
ing them with play.
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1914-07-17

Country boys need rotation of ex.
perienee as fields need rotation Of
crops.
The Delta independent., 1914-04-17

they have prepared what they con-
slider an excellent case and are con-
fident that the two counties repre-
sented in the suit will reap great
benefit as a result.
The expert features of the case
were looked after by F. A. Jones, the
rate expert who has won many cases
before the Interstate Commerce Com
mission.
In digging into the case Mr.. Vim
cent says they discovered many in
stances of unjust discrimination
against the locality. For instance they
found that it is costing the Uncom-
pahgre potato shippers just as much
for shipping their potatoes to Texas as
it does Idaho which has thousand
that it costs us three times as much to
ship our potatoes to Pueblo as it does
to ship them the balance of the way
to the Missouri river points. In 9th
er words three-fourths of the cost for
Missouri river shipments are charged
to us for hauling the stuff one fourth
of the distnace.
The cost of freight between Chi
cago and the west is so out of pro-
portion with the cost for the same
distance from Chicago east that it is
ridiculous in proportion. They found
that it costs ten cents hundred more
for us 10 ship in bags than any law of
logic will justify. A number of rank
determinations were discovered in our
fruit rates, and considerable appar-
ent injustice in the wares we ship
into the valley.---Olathe Criterion.
The Delta independent., 1914-04-17
NEARBY NEWS NOTES
. >>>> >>>> . .

The entire Peoples Party ticket was
bosds ior buying a park were also
carried. two to one. E. S. Bobbit is
mayor and Paul Wilson treasurer.
The new cheese factory at Lazear is
said not to be able to supply the de-
mand for its product.
Hon. C. C. Hawkins was elected
mayor Of Paonia at the election last
week +. H.Curtis, John ]. Hofer and
Maxwell X. Kennedy are the new
trustees.
Gould Frye and VIM. Randow, of
Denver, were guests at the Lawhead
ranch last week while looking after
business interests on Redlands mesa.
Redlands mesa is organizing a base
ball team for the season.
John Porter has 20 acres of potatoes
planted on California mesa.
The infant son of Mr.. and Mrs. j.
F. French. of Olathe. died April 5,
after short illness.
Several friends gathered at the
home of Mr.. and Mrs. james last eve
ming TO witness the marriage of their
daughter Dora to Mr.. Harold Orr. The
ceremony was performed by Elder E.
A. Curtis of Grand Junction. The
young couple went at once to house
keeping on the Hooking ranch just
east of Cortez. The Journal wishes
them the fullest success in life
Montezuma Journal. Harold Orr is a
son of Mr. and Mrs. A. L. Orr, of Cali
fornia mesa.
H. F. Stewart has traded his stock
of goods in Ridgeway to w. c. Settle.
of Delta, for some Delta county ranch
property. Mr.. Settle took charge of
the store the first of the week. Mrs.
Settle and children will come on to
Ridgeway as soon as school is out and
make this their home. Mr.. Stewart
expects to leave in a few days with
his family for Delta where they will
again nike their home.-Ridgway
Sun.
The Delta independent., 1914-04-17

perty. Large numbers of persons pos
sessing only personal property are now
never visited by the assessor or his
deputies, and therefore do not list any
thing for taxation. A large majority
of individuals own personal property
that is subject to assessment. This
should be assessed, as the exemption
applies only to the heads of families.
| (For definition of head of family
see section 5541, R. S. 1909 Inquire
particularly for money, credits,
watches, clocks and jewelry. In case
person claims he has no taxable
property have him make oath in the
schedule to this effect.
2. Have each taxpayer swear to
his schedule.
8. Require complete schedules from
corporations, and secure an affidavit
to the schedule.
4. Provide deputies with field
book, giving assessed value of each
of real estate. Have them go over
the value with the owner and make
such changes as may be necessary
8. Coal and other mineral reserves
should be assessed. They frequently
are owned by others than the owner
of the surface rights, and immense
value in this way escapes taxation.
6. Assess poultry and bees. In
quire of each taxpayer as to the a
mount of this property he possesses.
Z. Follow the law closely and in
quire with sufficient detail to bring
out the facts as to ech of the follow
ing classes of property, which at the
present time are both greatly under
assessed and omitted altogether.
(a) Money, credits, book accounts,
and other accounts not evidenced by
writing. This property has of late
been greatly overlooked by the asses
sors, so that the assessed value is now
1902. There is no excuse for this
omission.
OBJ Cash value of unsecured prom
issory notes. bonds, debentures, and
all other written evidences of tndebt-
edness. The assessed value OF this
class of property is 100000 lower
than in 1902 and s1,5O0,OOO less than
in 1901
A taxpayer is allowed to deduct his
debts from his credits in listing his
property for taxation. (Sec. 1884, r.
S. 19Os.)
Before such deduction can be made
by the assessor, such taxpayer must
file sworn statement of his indebt-
edness. Any assessor allowing such
deduction without the sworn state
ment of the taxpayer as to the amount
of his debts is liable to a penalty OF
from s1oo to $500. (Sec. 55s5. R. S.
190S.)
The Delta independent., 1914-04-17

The snow in the high country var.
les in depth from lG to 70 inches. &c
cording to reports received from :he
Rangers. The average density is Z5
per cent. The least amount OF snow
is found in the Divide Greek country
Grand Mesa lakes.
Supervisor Lowell went down 10
Mesa the fore part OF the week on
business.
Five thousand seedlings of Engle-
mann Spruce. Yellow Pine and Doug
las Fir will be planted by the Rang.
ers in the near future. The seedlings
come from the nursery OF the Service
at Monument. Colorado.
Three sawmills operating on this
Forest have cut 5s5.770 feet b. m. Of
lumber SO far this fiscal year. The
outlook for the timber sale business
is good.
No fires OF any consequence have
occurred on the Battlement for many
years. This is due to more efficien.
protection within the Service and to
the helpful cooperation of the public
The Delta independent., 1914-04-17
GOOD
ROADS
WORK ROADS IN THE SPRING
Mistake to Put of Task Until August
or September When Surface 10
Dry, Declare Experts.

prepared by the United States Depart
ment Of Agrfculture)
1t is a great mistake to put of
working roads until August or Sep
tember, according to road experts of
the United States department of agri-
culture. The roads should be worked
when the soil is damp so as to make
the soil bake when it dries out. II
the roads are worked when they are
dry, it takes more power to draw the
machine and besides dry earth and
dust retain moisture and quickly rut
after rains The use of clods. sods.
weeds or vegetable matter in build
ing earth roads should be avoided be
cause they also retain moisture.
If the working of the roads is de-
ferred until the latter part of the sum-
mer when the surface is baked dry