davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-10-11

Similarly Orleans is described as pre-
senting after capture the appearance OF
dead ruin of the Middle Ages" In
view OF the spirit OF the writer which is
well cxampled by these quotations, II Is
remarkable that he spares Rheims This
city having resisted capture IL not shelled
but left invested for reduction by famine
After the capture OF Paris which was
the last part OF France 20 be vanquished.
the terms offered to the conquered were
80 humiliating that the desperate people
made throughout all France a final but
unorganized struggle against the con-
queror which the writer describes as
follows:
This guerrilla warfare lasted three
months. Germany had already pro-
claimed the annexation of France and
put in force martial law, which daily led
10 the shooting OF hundreds OF rebels.
Even the women and the children took
part in the desperate struggle TO remove
the yoke OF the foreigner but as these
feeble defenders could not be shot, they
were deported by thousands TO Cayenne
and other penal colonies"
When, utterly vanqulshed. the French
asked for terms OF peace, they were in
formed that owing to the brutal rupture
OF peace by France, 10 the perfd.ous at
tacks against German troops in violation
OF all the laws OF nations. and because
OF attacks OF the poulation against iso-
lated bodies OF pacific soldiers, the Ger
man Government had no motive to show
mercy toward France. 1T could not be
forgotten that France had always en-
deavored 10 diminish the prestige OF Ger
many with It's neighbors and, by means
OF alliances with other peoples, had
worked to isolate Germany In the hope
OF alta ming it's destruction. Providence
had willed otherwise, and to-day Ger
many has Its iron heel on PROSTATE France
and reserves II for such fate as II for
centuries reserved for Germany. Any
clemency rs impossible. and II the pseudo
Government OF France wishes to avoid
new effusion OF blood and measures
still more severe II must deliver up to
the conqueror all the arms still existing
in France"
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-10-11
Ready 70 Pay Soon,

Immediately after" said the Duke
meaning after he made out the checks, 81
went TO Canada. I went to PHILADELPHIA
for "A week end rest first was slightly
Ill. An old operation. No, I am not
bankrupt ! am ready 10 pay my debts
as soon az possible and have no reason to
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-10-11

The German Government had prepared
Tor hostile action from Great Britain by
giving wireless instructions TO German
ships at sea or in foreign ports TO be on
the lookout for orders 10y wireless to seize
all vessels destined for British ports and
transfer their carRoes to the German
ships. which then were TO proceed 60 neu-
trail ports As result OF this menace and
dread OF famine from stoppage OF food
supplies, as well as fear OF trouble In
India, alarm at the desire for autonomy
on the part OF Australia and South Africa
and at the mobilization os American
troops on the Canadian border together
with the action OF Russia, Great Britain
after some hesitation declared its neutral
ity. Before Russia had announced its
stand knowledge was received OF move
ments OF troops in that country, where
upon German and Austrian forces were
despatched to It's frontiers II was. how
ever. soon learned that the Russian troops
we're being transported to the borders OF
india. where they remained during the
war in order to insure the neutrality OF
Great Britain.
Naturally the invaders OF France en-
joyed an uninterrupted series OF victories
and II is significant that one OF the fret
cries captured suffered the fate OF Lou
vain. This was Montpelier. which was de-
stroyei because OF firing from houses at
the enemy after they had occupied the
city. The Mayor was executed and the
terrible vengeance wreaked upon the city
and It's inhabitants Is described as fol
lows
The carnage extended far into the
night, and the rising sun shone on a city
that appeared as II destroyed by an earth
quake. Everywhere were smoking ruins
In the squares and streets were piles
or corpses. Even the dead had not been
N!eft In repose. The cemetery. which was
one Of the beauties OF the city, appea red
as ~ devastated by a hurricane. The
walls were crumpled and in many cases
shells bursting In graves had opened the
tops OF collins, In one instance removing
the lid and pulverlzing all OF the skele-
ton except an arm with its hand bones
which was raised as II menace from
the violated grave But war Is war"
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-10-03

The question Of mental fatigue in tho
higher grades. that IS between the ages
" II and IS, Is one upon which I have
no data. II is, however. an accepted
fact among educators and those stu
dents of education and physiology who
are familiar with tho subject that as the
child grows older his capacity for work
increases, and tho danger ut mcntal
fatigue becomes i.ss.nrd. This IS so
wei established that " may be- con-
sidercd automatic CWmch). think
therefore. that we may feel assured
that the work which is being put upon
boys In the preparatory and higher
schools s. not unduly great But We
can go further than that.
While boys between the ages Of Ia
and Is are able to stand more work
th'n when younger the amount Of
work now given them and the hours OF
study are practically the same as those
for younger children. In many Of the
secondary schools the school year con
s~ts of not over 100 or 10 DAYS. The
vacations often extend from the early
part of June until the last of Scptrm-
her. beside two vacations during the
winter and often two holidays In each
Wc,l,
This Is hideous waste y time in
our secondary schools But OF this phase
NJ tho subject have already spoken
IN my address TO the Schoolmastcrs' A.
ruciIt.on last wintcr, which was printed
in the school page ot TUE SUNDAY SUS
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-10-03
freshness after the noon interm,ss,or

freshness after the noon intermission,
although the increase in fatigue Is tenn
purarily arrested"
The small amount Of mental fatigue
which he did notice during the school
day was. lie thought, caused by inn
proper conditions of ventilation, light
ing, SC. and this view seemed to be
confirmed by his late tests, that is, thero
was less fatigue in the Lynchburg
school children where the hyglenic con-
ditions were better. The deterioration
In the Quality Of work OF the children
as the day advances, he contends. is due
t. a loss Of interest in the school work,
apparently due to tho monotony of in
struction and environment II is not
Que TO using up of tho material n the
nerve cells and auto-polsoning OF the
nerves by waste produced by this pro-
cess.
DR.. W. II. Winch made test "
younger school children. using the
arilhmctical method. He made e. series
Ot four tests, The conclusion from
these experiments was that in quite
young children arithmctical work could
not bc pursued adVautagcously through
the last half OF a long school day. hut
as the children grew older this loss in
efficiency in the afternoon grew pro-
excessively less. and at the age OF IS
was barely noticeable.
These studies Of mental fatigue cover
the years from 6 to ii or Il. They
show that under present conditions GER
tdiuly there is no undue fatigue pro-
duccd by the work which the school
children now do.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-10-03

To show that American school chill
drcn can study more than they have
been doing without harm one expert
mcnt in extra school work is worth all
academic argument. In two of the OLE
men:ary public schools OF NrWar', such
an experiment has been tried now for
two years. In that city they established
two public schools for four Twelve week
terms a year The fourth is summer
term beginning juno and ending
August 20. This meant that the chill
dren of these schools IN that city
worked forty-eight weeks out of fifty
two
A report on the nature and result OF
this work has been issued ana . hav,
the details of II. It shows that even Ia
"A town with very uufaVordblc climate
during the summer summer school work
could DO kept up without danger to
health of tho pupils or teachers and
with equal efficiency In mental progress.
If this can be done under tho condl-
tons at Newark for forty-eight weeks
out of tifty-two Il seems not at nll I'M
likely that work can be done In tho
highest grades Mt least for more than
thirty-ive weeks a. AZ the present time.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-10-03
THE OUTDOOR SCHOOL.
Miss Anna fh,Irc. princinul

From Htndorgart~u 70 Normal Glasses
Open air classes uud games 1Oe-!lS 7Eth
- Reopens oct 5th. Principal az school daily.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-10-03

ages 1iS.2 days. or in cities 17J DAYS.
Ihc English school day is thirty min
utes longer than the American.
VIC might contrast further the Amer
lean schoolbOy's year with its tS5 tu 200
Gays with the business mans year with
It's 2oO days and hours day sd DAVIS
in The week. Tho ordinary hard work.
ING BUSINESS man works $3.50 hours "A
!eHr The ordinary schoolboy attending
some private school works not moro
tllah SVO hours year or $50 to 100
days In tho year. This Is the difference
between tho activities of the modern
father and the modern son-.thc father
works two or three times longer each
day than his son.
The result of this. as | have already
minated, T., as Prof Perkins states:
Tho American boy who reaches tho
age Of Is or 10 Is two years behind the
English, French or German boy" Odtc
RcricU. 1879
Another opinion Is expressed In this
way: 81 am absolutely convinced that
during his school course tho German
boy gains about two years I'm develop
ment over tho American boy. My opiu-
ions conform to the generally expressed
opinion Of educational men" uChar'os
Hayden Ben In Experiences OF an
American Exchange Teacher IA Ger
many" I'm Education Rcric,c. January.
1910
OF course there are many eNplana-
lions and excuses for the difference In
educational progress and scholastic
methods between the United States and
Europe. / do not propose to go into
nj -
opinion is that while the explanations
may be adequate the excuses are not
and that II is quite possible for Ameri-
can children after the age of 10 To work
as hard and effectively as European
children II the fatuous attitude of the
parents toward the child were changed.
And If tho medical profession would
take sympathetic attitude toward the
need OF thoroughness OF mental work
and the h'althfulness Of study We could.
! am sure. greatly help tho school mas
ters 10 Increase educational work along
Jise lines.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-10-03
MoRRIsrowN, NEW JERSEY.
RAN 0LPH MILITARY
ACADEMY
MoRRIsToWN, NEW JERSEY

college preparatory; also prepares thor
ouchly for Government academies and hutl-
ness Our csr-ncate s. accepted By l'afhs
colleges and technical schools Through caro-
r,l military training Tldincsa. Punctuality
md Obedience are MADE a matter OF habit.
4 school where boys arc under the pe7'
neral as we'll aA scholastic Influences -
hours OF tho - 4 distinctive Home Life
a feature OF tho school. personal vsi'
will prove 20 your satisfaction that this u
tho best place FOR your boy. For catalogue
,,,,b detai,ed information address the super
lutendent Box A.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-10-03
PRIVATE SCHOOLS AND ACADEMIES

FOR GIRLS AND YOUNG WOMEN.
NEW YORK--Nsw York City.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-10-03
tie NEEDLES.


nave heeh asked' what are the
remedies ana why stop at Just criu-
''sna'
seems L" me IN" remedies are:
'.NN ~ preach L" parents tle need OF
!" '''' 'o'''''' over th'F chIdrcn ana
'r Il "c''er ana sounder education. LET
,i".l hn"N u''t WORK ana STUDY arc
","'u' lhlIs''
SNOW una, pr'pae'hda OF this sort
- -" "''' '''' '"'" '''t II u n''hs
S'|' ''u. &C.,.
''''''' '', u''. ','S i'''d 10 nc aroused
u" s'"'' "' 'n'.' rPSp'H-lpiiitS. me
~. '"'''''@ anu say. ""n ear"
W! '.N j" H't 'u"'"''" P'"Ni"e" ne
ms Euo" n'"'l1. ms IL " most Sp'-
I''' """ va ""' i"' '''''' '''' "',
','1 N""" '"'' '.' '''''' 'P''''H''S
"'''S wv N""" wa, ,'"'S an" '"u,"',""'
ar ",',"'S "'''''."' "',' H'"',l III
"",."T ''"tN' i', ''' S'"'' ''ou''"t
"",''' an" ''' n'"N HOUSES "i'eu
..''I '"' ''''I 'n'S' ana also "tler
go '''""' ~ '.'"'l. "''""uI lnpr''s' III %
Inn - """ S''l-'''''V' o. "l' H'eu
l7 lhcFr III our Noc!'l economy OF
h'aI'IN' uN.u''dt'd' empty Drained
HiiI's ana i'"'H''S u'!eSS theE ur"p
'"gN L" 'h' muscle ""tA'rS'
Ihl'H' 'h'r' Sh'H'l no " reofgahIa-
u'n "l orr @oh""l SoH'du'es I!Nlhr the
rhlidr'n more uine l"r thcIr work. 40
ing II wisely ana SahelN' IL IL poSslnle
lh'i we cannot WORK our childreh quite
dS long as IN PRUSSIA.
lux thhk ~ ""uld ne sue ana
wise 10 adopt ana 10 try 10 carry out
ihe CONCLUSIONS "hI'n nave ne'n t'rlnu-
Iated ny the committee oI the Nau"nai
Iuuhcll on tiu'd'l"n 10 INC erect
Arrange the yearly schedules Tor our
SCHOOLS as f"loWs' t'l'n'ht'ry 'du'a-
ton years to l.; secondary education
ttwo dlNiSi'ns-l"ur years ana two
years., j. l" ~ college oducatlpn' IL 10
20 or 10 to -o' university Graduate
schools ana professional Scho"lsD' 20 I"
- rms means that elementary ednc"-
lion ne hh'-A'd between inc ages "l y
ana II, mat secondary cduyalon be m
'shed between tue ages ot Il ana ~
but during thiS period tho "ttaln'h"h's
OF the stuu'n's 'hpuln pe suoh mat ~
| the age oil IL thcE nave acquired khoWI-
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-10-03
length Of school Hours and school
Year.

Tho American school year ranges
from 81 20 40 weeks. The school day
n i've hours and the school week is five
days rho school year IL about 100
davF This gives total of about 1000
hours year for the American
scholar" C"Public Education in Ger
many and the United states" Klemrn,
1917
Tho German school year Is from AZ 20
"a weeks. Tho school week IL six days
The school day IL six hours. except on
Wednesdays and Saturdays, which arc
ha'f holidays. The German school year
has about 800 hours to the American
1000 hours Tho Prussian child gets
1866 minutes week. The American
thlI cots 1,3l2 minutes a week. The
Gcrmau school hours are from to Il
and Q 20 :; to IL and ! TO 3, or to !.
In Germany, then, children are com
'.I"i by law to be in school more weeks
IN 'n0 year, more days IN the week and
moro hours in a day than American
children.
Iu Prussia the school year consists
OF af lDa-t forty-iivo weeks with six
hours day for four days and four
hogr- q day for two days. The German
'...... I'' l'itIlf mas lllpTt S'hNS, uioi '
N."t. wear. more days "A week and
more hour. a day than the American,
I'll. American child is in school about
"nurs a week less than the German
..t If hours given to religious
''''. SO are deducted the German child
''N goes to school about IA hours a
N''N longer than the American child.
Tho conditions in France and England
on the whole arc about the same, there
being here also It longer school, year
Ion 'r echuDl week. fewer holidays and
sh"Nfe' vacations.
I'm France one can say in general that
u 'cHo), ycar contains forty weeks al
I'1-' and averages from ~ 10 A weeks
win nv. days week and giX hours a
CIV. y" other system requires so large
. number of hours week Tn" Ameri'
can c.I'd has about u scholastic month
!'s' each year and nc misses two years
iUIr'-h"d by the l'rench maternal anC
"'0'' school; also he has ono hour les
each day.
Tho English chlld enters what I!
called first school at years after a
haa' TWO yonrl Of infant training, while
We American chld enters tho frs
grade A. generally with no training
~" English school year contains 20
ohlS the American school year aver
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-10-03
wUBnAHAM. MASS.
wiIhrabam ACADEMY

Wilbraham Academy
school which Mt boys for nj, sane and
succesHful living, ana gives thorough prep
Aratiun for college work.
GAYLORD " Douglass, HeRdmaster. Will
brAham. Mas.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-10-03
Mental Fatigue of
Children Exaggerated
DR.. Dana Asks Parents, Physicians and
Educators to Cooperate in Saving
Two Years to American Youth.
W. L. DANA, VI. I"I. -.
t." Nervous Diseases

Mnler c conmittee dnya in Chin L, a,
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-10-03
Mental Fatigue, Its Nature aud
Tests.


Tho question arises I'm discussion o,
this problem: What Is meant 10y men
tai fatigue and what Is It's relation to
physical fatigue" BY mental fatigue
We mean a condition % brain tire,
characterized by sense Of effort. SEN
sations Of WEAKNESS, inability TO fix the
attention on II subject or usa tho brain
consecutively In following train Of
thought. This feeling OF effort and in
ability 10 attend are tho principal and
early signs Of mental fatigue. When
n person. however. is driven by uccos-
sity and ambition To- continue stiU fur
Their task the fatigue shows itself
by a feeling of confusion and finally
by the inability to use the mind. In
place OF concentration Of thought the
consciousness seems almost a blank.
There IL accompanied with Il the feeling
Of unrest and discomfort and even Dc
preston and alarm. This is mental
exhaustion.
Of course, IN young children. mental
fatigue does not reach any such stage
ana Is shown mainly by inattention and
llstlessness and the desire 70 seek other
interests than those OF the enforced
task.
When they are found ut the end OF the
school day or school year to be suffer
lng apparently from mental fatigue Il
by no means follows that this Is due
to excess Of mental work. In W con-
dltloR known a. mental fatigue in
schod children" tho factors which pro-
duce II are: First mental oVerwOrl:
second, bad cnvironmen,al conditions.
and third, bad bodily conditions and de-
fective physical development
The subject OF mental fatiRue in
children has been studied very extern
sNely and tho literature OF 1t Is q
large one. After consultation with mon
who have had practical experience with
tho work, such az Prot. Thorndike, Prof.
Frederic 5. Ice and Or. Roland G..
Freeman, ! have reached the conclusion
that a great deal OF the older worl,
was not very valuable for tho pur-
poses which J had in view, and I'm fact,
the conclusions which ] have reached
are based very largely upon recent
and. as it seemed to me, very complete
studies.
Prof Thorndlkc has gone into tn"
general subject most cNhaustiNely and
| thoroughly. Aside from his work, the
reports which seemed TO me most I'M
poytant are thJso of Prof, W. II. Heck
Of the University OF Virginia, and Or,
winch dn the BriIsh Jo"'naI Of
| PSVchoIoGO,
| Prof. Heel, made his cSpcr lmeuts with
forty classes, containing 1,l03 pupils in
| four New York city schools. Til" worl,
was supplemented by second study Of
| a73 pupils in sixteen classes In three
| IVnchburg schools. The result uf both
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-10-03

IL ,..dcnry of Medicine referred
l,. subject of mental fatigue in
...... children ~ me to investigate and
.-. .rr,r il. subsequently the fol-
,,.,.. r.,,rl WIS made and adopted:
90, .Ili, b.,, hu.n made Of the special
s...t..u.. tlr-i. whether the mental
......, u,.l,,d in the i've hours daily
..,. ,f mud,ru school life causes
,..,,.J f,tf.l. and II 50. whether such
,.,.....I.. ,rr,ous passing beyond safe
,t......l,..i..l limits. secondly, whether
.,.. mental f.tiguc. II found. IL due 10
e,cr-.No mental work or t. other
cause. in part or whole.
your committee has reached the con-
eus.uu that there is no serious degree
Of mental fatigue produced by school
work IN tho usual five hour limit and
that il is unnecessary to shorten the
s.ho, hours ON account of this school
WORT
~ certain dcgre" " mental fatigue IS
frird toward The end of the morning
aud Of tho days tasks, hut II Il small
and uumportaut. This fatigue, such
A., If. e enhanced and mainly caused
by poor ventilation and III arranged
tasks. Mure than normal fatigue also
NAV occur in children who are poorly
,..,r,sbAd rot entirely well or under
.-....,,,, ,,,,,. conditions
-, .,.,. ,,o, 4, all
~
these factors nc a''enue" W nv s''o' '''-
,ns ~ school hours need be attempted.
"r, "a not denied that children do get
.1. , .bo and n, school hours. that IN
,,,,.,-a ,,,o ord -, q,
"' ''' ,.-,,--
school, term tia' he''ouS
known AS chorca Is seen more frequently
and that evidences Of overwork and
FATIGUE are observed.
.-r,.. ,,,yr,i,, taLcr he vour COM
mNt'e .S V''' '''''' '''''''' ,'''''
necessary 10 nNe hour "AS' out are
due 20 unwise methods OF teaching
po7rlv arranged schedules, bad air, had
t..rt, ,,o,r bome conditions and
..,.... ...,,,,s other than Legitimate
N''''7
"Thc above on*"rNatiohS "Pi"| W '''
ordinary school work done between In"
az. If and H."
e,..r,,,. ,f,or tI,is report was made
-, ,,.,,r,s. ~, o,irio, on
- ,.,,,,,,,.i, ,nd mental
-. =, an,a,,,ior Win secondary
,'.,. - 80 .,'is country
"',' - ~. ,,,s,tor iod IN m. con.
''"'5 ,,.iD.,, o,Idror 4, m,
'.',, -. -, taas, arn no, over.
"'.h''. '', wa 10. ,I,o,. ora
,., .t,f..,ad In such an ineffective
way that AZ the ages of IL to ~ the
American boys are about two years De-
hind the boys Of Germany France ahc
England This loss OF time ana retar'
dalton IN education, / found was gen
orally admitted
Tl- Views which expressed as to the
bsckwardness of American scholars an(
the lack of edrnestness In study WERE
widely .ndursed and commended' but
vae also told by some that TO an extern
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-10-03
coRNwALL-oN-HUDsoS-Sew York.
New York Military Academy
BROoKLYS.-New York.

NVrN7N N H
The largest. best equipped and most sue
cssstu! military school IN the East.
The leader-enterprise. [volume] (Fitzgerald, Ga.) 1912-1915, 1914-10-21
War BrevitieS

That part of Belgium that stretches from Oend to the French
bordfrom which the strongly fortified French seaport Dunkrk
distant few es- bearing the heavy fighting
between the allies and the Germans
The invaders have been attempting force their along the
between Newport and Dxmud They opposed the Bel
gans who aided by British warshp according French oco
communication have succeeded in repusng their attacks
The of the assistance afforded the British squadron
not dvged but previous reports indicated that the
the other being utilized connection with the land
fighting.
In the district between Arras and Roye the allies have advanced
at several points, reaching instances the
anemen that constitute of the German defensive works
Berlin official dispatch that German have
reached the neghbohood of Dunk ana that the inhabitants
Dnkrk and Bouogne flight confirms the report oeavY
fighting Dxmude and Roulers.
The German embassy Washington, basing the
dispatches from the Far East by San Francisco tn
British baeshp Triumph has suffered severely from
fortress Using Tea and has withdraw from tn
British-J apanese bombardng fleet
Turkey has refused Great Brians request that
German officers and the former German
eau be discharged The Ottoman the matter Of
the retention of the Germans domestic question.
While England and Holland wrestling with of
how for the thousands of Belgian refugees that
these the American taking the
relief of those rendered destitute Belgium The German
ment has consented the admission of food supplies Belgium
people of that country facing starvation.
Amsterdam that large numbers refugees
Antwerp and that Belgian city resumug its normal
The leader-enterprise. [volume] (Fitzgerald, Ga.) 1912-1915, 1914-10-21
WILL
REMAIN NEUTRAL

London, Oct. 19-The following
dispatch from Berlin was received
here tonight by Marconi wireless:
"Ihe Vienna Reischpost says
that at meeting of the Roumani-
an Cabinet held in Bucharest I'M
der the presidency of King Ferdi-
nand and at which representatives
of the various parties were present,
the governments attitude with re-
gard TO the war was approved. 1t
was decided there was no reasons
to Justify any alteration of Rou-
mania's position"