Pierre weekly free press. (Pierre, S.D.) 1889-19??, 1914-02-12

the ice industry. Americans played n
conspicuous part in the development of
refrigeration, especially some in the
south, where refrigeration and the
manufacture Of ice were matters of vi
tai Importance.
Patent Granted in 1851.
The first United States patent for
granted to John Gorrie of New Orleans.
La. on May 6, 1851, for a process of
artificial production of ice. and the
original patent and papers are now on
exhibition in the U. S. National mu-
scum.
They are especially interesting in
that they cover completely DR.. Cor
rie's early method of making ice and
his refrigeration system, which was
the indirect process, that is, the COOL
ing of an u~ncongealable liquid which
In turn cooled other substances. Ac-
cording to early custom of the patent
office, the papers and the patent are
written by hand on parchment. and
though now quite old. are nevertheless
in excellent condition.
In 1898 Mr.. George H. Whiteside
of Apalachicola, Fla, Occurred these
papers which he presented to the
Southern Ice exchange, and for that
organization deposited them in the
national museum, together with a
SERIES Ol ARTICLES OH The same SUBJECT,
which appeared in the Commercial
Advertiser of Apalachicola, Fla, in the
year 1874. as written by DIR. John Cor
RE under the nom de plume of Jen-
ner.
There follows an abstract from
specifications Of Gorrie's first patent
40 all whom it may concern. be
city of New Orleans, in the parish
of Orleans and state of Louisiana.
have invented a new and useful ma
chine for the artificial production of
ice and for general refrigeratory pur-
poses, of which the following is a full,
clear and exact description. = >
1t is a well known law of nature that
the condensation of air by compression
is accompanied by the development of
heat. while the absorption of heat from
surrounding bodies or the manifesto
ton of the sensible effect commonly
called cold, uniformly attends the
expansion of air, n this is particu-
larry marked when it is liberated from
compression.
The nature of my invention consists
in taking advantage of this law to con-
vert water into ice, a~rtificially, by abb
sorbing its heat of liquidation with ex-
panding air. To obtain this effect in
the most advantageous tanner it is
necessary to Compress atmospheric air
into a reservoir by means of a force
pump, to one-eighth, one-tenth or other
convenient and suitable proportion Of
its ordinary volume. The power thus
consumed in ~condensing the air is, to a
considerable extent, recovered, at the
same time that the desired frigorific
effect is produced, by allowing the air
to act with it's expansive force upon
the piston of an engine, which by "a
connection with q beam, or other con-
%trivance, common to both, helps to
work the ~condensing pump. This en-
gin is constructed and arranged in the
manner of u high pressure steam en-
CINE. y When the air cooled by
its expansion escapes from the engine
1t LIZ made to pass round a vessel con-
tanning the water to be converted into
ice or through a pipe for effecting re-
frigeration otherwise. the air while ex-
banding in The engine being supplied
with an uncongeable liquid whose heat
it will absorb, and which in turn be
used to absorb heat from water to be
CONCEALED, BY this arrangement | ac-
complish my object with the least DOS
sible expenditure of mechanical force,
and produce artificial refrigeration in
greater quantity from atmospheric air
than IAN be don by any known
means.
Patentee's Claims.
Having thus fully made known my
improved process of manufacturing ice
and explained n exemplified suitable
machinery for carrying the same prac-
tically into operation wish it tG be
understood that l do not lain as my
invention any of the several parts of
the apparatus in themselves, but what
| do claim as my invention and desire
to secure by letters patent is:
First. The employment of a liquid
u~ncongaable at the 1ow temperature
at which it is required to keep the en-
CINE, to receive the heat of the water
to be ~congealed n give it out to the
expanding air.
Second, j claim the employment of
an engine for the purpose of rendering
the expansion Of the condensed air
gradual in order to obtain its lull re-
frigeratory effects, and, at the same
time, render available the mechanical
force with which it tends to dilate to
aid in working the ~condensing pump,
irrespective of the manner in which
the several parts are made. arranged
and operated.
Third, 1 claim supplying the water
gradually and slowly to the freezing
vessels, and congealing it by abstract
ing the heat from Its under surface,
substantially as herein set forth. And