davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1914-09-18
OUR EARLY pATHFInD RS.


Pionssr Work Of L. verendr5s and
HIS csllant Band
The tirsi white nmn TO reach the
western aea@ bs crossing the North
American eontiurn was sleW 3icrre
Gaultler tp NarenHes lie Ia reremlrye.
whose expedition left Montreal June \.
1881 With hslf Il hundred cmpan.
ious. Including his three young SOUS.
the daring Frenhuian set ON from
The fofi AZ Montreal and plunged into
the wilderness. intent upon discovering
that naffow sea which was suppressed
10 separate America and China.
During the months and years TINT
followed Ia yerendrye and his gallant
boys triumnhed over a multitude OF
obstacles Some Of his men we're
massacred BY hostile Indians. others
fell victims to disease. exposure aud
accident. und mutlnies were frequent.
After nniny nardships Lake Winnipeg
was reached. but Ii verendrye was
disappointed 10 finding It large body
Of fresh water. instead Of the fabicd
western son
After Hlirteen years OF effort the
expedition was turned back by the
lmpeaetrable mountain businesses.
But. although the main mission failed,
"a Vcrendrye was the first white man
70 reach the hanks Of the upper Mis-
souri, and Saskatchewan rivers and to
traverse what are now the prosperous
provinces Of Manitoba and snskatche-
wan.
Il was not until iT93 that Alexander
Mackenzie. a scotchman. penetrated
the Rockies and reached the shores OF
the Paclfc.-New York World.
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1914-09-18
ADDING MACHINES.
They Are Not New. as Pascal Invented
One In the Year 1912.

They Are Not New, as Pascal Invented
One In the Year 1912.
The adding machine is Of modern de
velopment. but nota modern invention.
a passable one having been invented
In 1912 by Pascal q623-1062), a cele-
brated French geometrician. philoso-
pher and writer. Later. in 1911, the
adding machine was modified to facili-
tate multiplication by Gottfried vii.
helm Leibnitz, a German mathemati.
clan Of great achievement, and bis in
vention was followed by many i'm
provements.
A notable experimenter in this line
was Charles Babbage (1792-1s71). an
English mathematician. many years
professor OF mathematics at Cambridge
university. In order to secure accu-
racy in tables Of logarithms he con
ceived the idea Of doing the work by
machinery and was commissioned by
the British government to superintend
the construction OF a machine for the
purpose. He spent much time and
money in experimenting and attained
some remarkable results. but died be
fore perfectlng his machine.
All calculating machines contain Ger
tain features devised by special refer
ence to the work to be done, including
circular metallic disks, wheels with
teeth, etc. ingenious. but not more
complicated and no more responsive to
human intelligence than many other
machines. The thinking is all done by
the operator.-Philadelphia Press
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1914-09-18
HEIGHT OF WAVES.
In Severe Storms the crests May
Mount Fifty Feet.

In Severe Storms the crests May
Mount Fifty Feet.
1t is only In the Imagination OF the
poets that waves rise mountains high.-
The exaet altitude and length Of waves
have been measured with scientific ac-
curacy, and the record waves are care.
fully recorded Waves In shallow wa
ter are. as rule. higher than those in
open or deep water. The height Of a
wave is commonly about one-hfteenth
It's length.
The longest ware on record was
1880 feet. measuring from crest to
crest. its period being about twen-
ty-two seconds. Waves Of extreme
length are seldom very high. A wave
$500 feet in length, rising In deep wa
ter, viii have height Of about fifty
feet
When a wave enters shallow water
its crest becomes considerably higher,
and one Of height Of forty feet will
frequently rise to tifty feet If it meets
resistance, 1t may be thrown up twice
this height.
In severe storms at sea waves rarely
reach height of City feet The aver
age in such time has a period of about
ten seconds. which would indicate
length Of about 600 feet. Waves with
period of ten seconds have a length
Of from $50 to 800 feet and a height
of thirty-three feet and form a very
high a.-Exchange
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1914-09-18
eIFocAL LENsEs.


They Had Their Origin In Ben Frank
Inns Double Glasses.
Everybody who uses bifocaf glasses
probably wonders where the idea orig
inally came from. Bifocal. glasses are
the kind that possess two separate
lenses cemented together so that BY
looking in the upper part one can see
at great distance aud by looking
through the lower half one can read.
Most authorities are inclined to give
Benjamin franklin credit for the in.
vention. He was, so the story goes, an
inveterate reader and could not use bis
reading glasses when looking any dis
tance away.
Finally the notion came to him that
he could combine bis glasses, and be
thereupon had the lenses cut In half
and one-half Of each lens placed In the
rim Of each spectacle rim. The result
was that a single pair Of glasses was
sufficient. though present day oculists
state that the sharply drawn line must
have affected bis eyes.
From this idea the oculists gradually
developed glass in which the lower
part was arranged for reading and the
upper part for long distance vision
while the annoying marking line" was
eliminated Washington Star.
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1914-09-18
SINGING BEFORE ROYALTY.



the Very Hardest.
Mary Garden. the famous opera
singer. says that 1t bores her to sing
before kings. Her highly personal com
ments on some Of the royalty Of Eu-
rope reproduced below are tnken from
an article In the American Magazine
In which she gives an intimate and ex-
tended account Of her experiences on
the stage;
Singing before royalty Is perhaps
more Of a professional than a social
distinction. have done it many times
but 1t bores me to distraction. II Is
such a nuisance never sang for the
car But did sing before the English
court. the old court Of Edward and
Alexandra. The King slept through 1t
all, as heavy sleep as ! have ever
seen. But the queen would always pat
his hand at the time to applaud and he
would wake up.
'srhe king Of Greece, a brother OF
Alexandra. was a special friend Of
mine He used often to come to
where ! was singing. EIe told his
sister Of his admiration for me. and
she had me come to Windsor to sing
While there l would sing and courtasy
and walk on again.
y am afraid I'm an anarchist In my
heart ! don't love to courtesy. There
nre some who are not kings-such as
Marconi. who has done big things to
whom wonld go down on my knees
because Of their achievements. but !
Just had to get my courage in my two
hands to courtesy to the king Of Eng
land. 1t went against me"
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1914-09-18
Porfirio piaz,s Poetic Prophecy,

President Poriirio Diaz, who ruled
over Mexico for more than a quarter
Of a century as an absolute dictator,
believed that only such iron rule could
bring peace and progress to the half
civilized millions Of that country. Sew
eral years ago. when bis power was
still unbroken. an American who was
On intimate terms with him ventured
to suggest that the Mexicans were
now prepared for a more liberal form
Of government and hinted that his rule
was too severe. The stern old man
stiffened his gaunt figure and ran his
fingers through his locks. now white
with years.
when these SHOWS melt." he said
prophetically. "the mud will be deep
In Mexico" ."-Youth's Companion.
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1914-09-18
ULTRA VIOLET LIGHT RAYS.
How Man May Some Day Extract His
Food From the Air.

Science begins to dream n d day In
which map will gather hls fooa direct
from the Off mud digest Il without
much aid from tlse various fermcnis
aud juices which are new mainly In
strumental in that work
The chief agent ln this migtty revo
lutiun according 10 10 lps. 40 author
ity than Beriholei. viii De- the ultra
violet light rays These ure not elsl.
bic to the human eye. They Do no,
rppear upon the spestroseope, They
Affect the Photographic plate how
srver. and are probability disernrd hy
some Of the lower animals. Whose
sense Of sight is much more acute
than TINT Of man.
Much IS known Of their chemical ef
fects. Few microbes rnn long with
stand their power. The tedness ant
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1914-09-18

The present crown OF the English
king was originally made for Queen
Victoria at her coronation in 1888. The
principal jewels were taken from older
crowns The most noted stone is the
great ruby which was given to the
Black Prince BY Peter the Cruel after
the battle OF Nayarette in 1861. It was
also worn by Henry '. in the crown
encircling his helmet at the battle OF
Agincourt in 14i5.-Philadelphia Press
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1914-09-18

There are some wonderful shadow
effects produced by aud upon the g.
gantie snowy cone Of Mount Rainier
1t sometimes happens that the sky as
seen from the city Of Tacoma Just be
fore sunrise is covered with a dome
of cloud 1900 feet or more in height
while behind the peak. toward the east
the sky Is clear. IN such circumstances
the rising sun casts the shadow Of the
great mountain upon the cloud curtain
overhead in the form OF a vast blue
triangle, the point Of which rests upon
the apex of the peak. At other times
the shadow OF the earth can be seen
creeping up the cone In distinct
curve. while the flush Of sunset stains
the snow above the line of shadow tc
a deep pink.
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1914-09-18

Upon his arrival at the court Of VI
emma a former French ambassador was
presented to the empress, who was
aware that the day before he had vls-
tied the beautiful Countess x.
is it true" she asked, that the
Countess X is the most lovely woman
in EuropeT
Il thought so yesterday. your maj
esty." replied the diplomat. with a
graceful bow.
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1914-09-18

The late William Gibson. who left a
fortune Of half a million pounds, was.
when little matchmaker In Belfast,
one day examining watch which had
been sent to him for repair. 1t was
during the time OF the Belfast riots. A
stone was thrown through the shop
window and hit Mr. Gibson In the
eye. under the malicious damagestact
Mr.. Gibson was awarded f6.000 This
was his start in life.-London Sportine
Times.
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1914-09-18

A mother who frequently went oui
to spend the day with her friends had
leen accompanied always by her seven
year-old son. One evening on return
Ing home very much bored with the
days experiences. be said to her;
Mother, 1t you don't stop taking me
around With you SO much people viii
think you have married a dwarf
Harper's Magazine
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1914-09-18

Whenever Roberts mother weat
away on visit the little fellow was so
badly spoiled by doting father and
grandmother that upon her return it
took several applications of the rod to
mend his ways
One day when she had been absent
for week a neighbor asked Robert
when his mother was coming home.
"oh. she'll be back very soon now"
he replied I'm beginning to get pret-
ty bad New York Post.
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1914-09-18

The Thanksgiving proclamation was
originated by Francis Bernard. -cap
tain general and governor in chief ovef
his majesty's province Of the Massa
chusetts bay" 1t was issued Nov a.
1867. and the form was that which has
been in substance adhered to ever
since.
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1914-09-18

She tat the ball game)-Why does
he make those motions with his arm
before he pitches the ballf He-Those
are signals to the catcher. The two
men work in concert She-Dear mel
Is that the concert pitch" I've heard
about so often S-Boston Transcript
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1914-09-18

q guess it is nothing more than ar
idle rumor."
Idle? 1 guess not. 1t is the busiest
old rumor that ever happened"-
Brooklyn Eagle
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1914-09-18
Explaining an Ancient EpIsods

George Washington did not hesitate
to tell the true story of how the cherry
tree got chopped"
Yes replied the man who had testi-
fed in an Investigation. George was
pretty smart He knew how to get
immunity, = Washington Star.
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1914-09-18

In Formosa there is tree between
$500 and 5000 years old. with a circum
ference Of sixty-6ve feet and the low
est branches forty-five feet from tn,
ground The tree is species of cy
press. the Japanese benikL
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1914-09-18

The prodigal son wrote the old man
as follows: II got religion the other
day. Send me S10." But the old man
replied: Religion is free You got
the wrong kind"
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1914-09-18

rs the boy trustworthyT'
Il consider him so, I'd trust him as
far rs ! could see him. OF conrse I'm
mighty uearsighted "-Cleveland Plain
Dealer.
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1914-09-18
IeaIousx.

Mays new hat is perfectly hid.
sous"
ut isn't bit more hideous than
mine. You're always saying nice things
about May."-Phlladelphia Ledger
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1914-09-18

The impure. the deceiying and the
uneharitable extrude themselves from
eternal bliss by their unhtness for en-.
joying. Burns.
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1914-09-18

ostend IA. why did yon give ma
that little ring with a watch IN it7 Pa
i wanted time to hang lightly on hei
hands. my son. Exchange.
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1914-09-18
PROCLAMATION
Proposed Amendment to the constitu-
tion Of Maryland.

Whereas. at the January Session OF the
General Assembly ol M4ryland. held in
Hundred and Fourteen, An Acf WAS pass-
hd proposing an Ameudmtnt 10 Sri ton
a, Fart VIE. OF Article 2. title 'Shtuns.
Of the Constitution ol the state ol Mtfl-
land which said Acl Is known and desig-
mated as Chapter Sl5 oi the Acts Of Mary
land Of 1914, and Is in the words and ng-
ures following.
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1914-09-18

Do thine own task and be Herewith
content.-Goethe.
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1914-09-18
Every Woman Should Earn
S25 Per Week

Introducing our very complete Spring
line Of beautiful wool suitings, wash
fabrics, fancy waistings, silks, hdkfs.
petticoats, etc Up-to-date n. Y, City
patterns. Finest line on the market =
Dealing direct with the mills you viii
find our prices low. Ifothers can make
$1,000 TO 5000 weekly you can also.
Samples, full instructions In neat SAM
pie case, shipped express prepaid. No
money req tired. Exclusive territory.
Write for particulars. BE first to ap-
ply. Standard Dress Goods Company
100 LIST st. Binghamton,N. Y. 2-3-'l4,
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-02-15

progress, the disk Will not be greater.
for instance, than that taken by the
late John b. Moisant when he set off
In an untried machine with fog
in his face to fly from Paris to London
at time when the channel crossing
alone was considered almost miracle
Compared with the Atlantic cross
ing. too. the rest of the journey seems
fairly simple.
The proposed route Is by way OF
Edinburgh. London. Paris Berlin. War
saw. 81. Petersburg. Moscow and the
Trans Siberian Railway TO Manchuria
and then south TO Vladivostok. The
next lap takes the aviator across the
sea to Korea.
He must then cross the Japan Sen
to Kobe and Tokyo. turn north TO
kamchatka, and travel along the coast
either 10 East Cape or TO the Aleutian
Islands. Tho distance between the
two continents here varies from thirty
to 200 miles. From Alaska the course
will be southwark to Vancouver, Seat
tie. and home to San Francisco.
Distance Us Great.
The aviators who hesitate about pro-
nouncing the journey possible In the
present stage of their art, call atteu-
tion to the distance-2S,0o0 miles. The
| successful flyer must travel an aver
age OF more than zoo miles day for
four months. Will II be possible to
| accomplish the trip In the few months
of summer OF the northern regions
through which parts of the course lie7
Vedrines was five weeks In doing tho
$500 miles from Paris to tho Pyramids,
flying at an average OF only 100 miles
daily
Special aeroplanes will he con-
| structed for the race. These will prob
| ably be- swift, but not built for the
maximum speed. They will make. say
sixty miles an hour. Reliability will be
| the object. There will DO accommodate
( lions for two men, both pilots, who
| Will relieve each other at tho tiller. A
| large supply OF fuel and oil must be
carried. 1t will be splendid test for
! the machine builders, and most of the
| factories on both sides of the Atlantic
arc expected to be in the field.
! In the United States the following
| constructors have tentatively signified
their Willingness to build round tho
world plane: Glenn II. Curtiss, Of Ham
mondsport. N. y; Orvilie Wright. OF
Dayton. Ohio; w. Startling Burgess, OF
Marblehead. Mass: Thomas Benoist, of
st. Louis: Emile Berliner. of Washing
ton, d. c.; the Heinrich Brothers, of
Baldwin. l.. T.; John T.. Sloane, of New
York City; Edison Il. Gallaudet. of
Norwich. Conn. and Ingles Uppercu, Of
New York City.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-02-15

Stuart.s Dyspepsia Tablets Will GER
tainly give the stomach the repair it
needs and is always crying aloud for
a tablet taken after each meal will
in the course of several hours become
u portion of the digestive fluids. 1t
Will build up these fluids. First In the
stomach. then in the intestines.
The liver is the storehouse OF the
body. Here are assembled all the re-
serve fluids or the system and here the
various ingredients OF Stuarts Dyspep-
sia Tablets minglc with the faulty nat
ural juices and strengthen them or IL
they are too strong then thoy Will BIO
reduced to their proper strength and
proportion.
Stuarts Dyspepsia Tablets contain a
single ingredient, one grain of which
Is sufficient TO digest 5000 grains OF
food. Just think how gratefully such
an element Is received into a body that
cannot digest at all without n new
weakening of the already depleted
juices.
Go TO your druggist this, very day
and obtain box of Stuart's Dyspcp-
STA Tablets. price so cents. a weeks
trial will make you new man and
your stomach will go back to work.
Advertiser
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-02-15
COST TO RAILROADS
OF FREE SERVICE

Washington, February 14.-Discus-
sion before the Interstate Commerce
Committee as to whether free service"
by tho railroads to certain shippers
does not cost tho carriers more an
nually than general per cent
freight rate advance would add to
their revenues, to-day was concluded
after a three day conference. Further
hearings will be held at places and
times to be announced later
Louis d. Brandeis. counsel for the
commission, to-day asked William Il.
Heath. vice president Of large Buffalo
manufacturing concern. who enjoys
such advantages. whether he thought q
charge of so conts n car would be I'M
Just for this free service" Mr.. Heath
acknowledged that his firm saved more
than $4,000 annually by avoiding dray-
age costs. and that goods reached their
In better condition, be-
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-02-15
WILLING TO ENTER
GREAT AIR EVENT
Many Experienced Aviators Will
Take Part i'll "Round-thc-
World" Race.
FIRST PRIZE is 100000
Contest Approved by All Nations
Over Whose Territory Ma
chimes Will Fly.
FIRST PRIZE is 100000
Isnecial 10 rhe rimas-pIapntch. l

Especial to The mes-Dispntch.1
New York. February IA majority
of experienced aviators believe the pro-
posed aoroplano flight around tho
world this summer, while 1t will be
marvellous demonstration of human pro-
gross and efficiency, is nevertheless,
feasible.
The directors OF the Panama Pacific
Exposition. at San Francisco are as
sured of the cooperation Of all the
great nations over whose territory the
monoplancs and aeroplanes will whirl.
Feat after feat of endurance must be
performed by tho aviators who traverse
the broad American continent, make
tho great jumps from island to island
of the North Atlantic. pursue the we'll
Travelled air lanes of Europe. safely
pass over the bleak and forbidding
wastes OF Siberia, and fringe the almost
unnhabited coast line OF northern Asia
and Alaska.
But each OF these feats has been ex-
ceeded already In the mir records now
on the books. Now all that Is needed
is the combination of them. The per-
Torrance of one great air journey after
another means luck--enormous luck.
TO greater degree than In almost any
sporting contest ever organized.
willing to Take Risks.
Several aviators have sgnined their
intentions of entering. They are will
ing to tako tho risks. They are not
actuated by the desire for gold, for
even the successful contender. who will
win the s15o.000 first prize. and also
the $4,000 offered by Lord Northclirc
for the first crossing of tho Atlantic
will find his 100000 and perhaps moro
eaten up by the expenses of his under
taking.
1t is quite certain. however that
plenty OF men of large fortunes and
sporting proclivties VIII be found to
finance this peerless air event.
Tho he 1ril
the brave contenders, even more than
they were upon the pioneer aviation
racers In that first mcet at Rheims In
1905.
The attention OF tho close students
OF the race is centred upon the prob
lem OF the Atlantic. After passing due
east from Frisco across the Sierras
through Reno. New, Cheyenne Wyo
Kansas City, st. Louis and New York
the Rviators will coast along the sea-
board 10 Belle Island. between New
foundland and Labrador Here the
light across the Atlantic Will begin
| The flyers Will probably head for Cane
Farewell, Greenland, Clio miles away.
From Cape Farewell TO Iceland the
distance is GO miles and from Iceland
to Stornaway In the Hebrides is $40
miles.
Three Enormous Leaps.
Three enormous leaps-6l0 miles. GO
and go miles None OF them insur-
mountable I'm itself. But TO hit the
bulls eye three times in succession
there's the rub.
Then these seas are not always as
hospitable as the Mediterranean, which
Boland Garros has now crossed twice
There are fog and wind and rocky
landing places.
But II n row OF waIships patrols tho
course, lent by their governments in
the interests of science and human
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-02-15
Select Debating Team.

team to represent the Chester
Agricultural High School In the two
debates 10 be held this spring at Black
stone and Charlottesville, under the
auspices OF the Virginia Literary So
clety. was selected at n contsct held
on Thursday night in the school ~
VIII be composed OF Miss Sallie Left
witch Shepherd and Leslie Hatcher.
principals and Miss Alice Faulkner
and Miss Helen Ward, alternates.
The question was: 'Resolvcd That
n law should be passed In Virginia
compelling all children more than sew
en- ana less than fifteen years OF age.
VINO arc not physically unable. to at
tend school ut least six weeks each
year The Judges were Captain w. w.
LaPrade, Senator j. i. Watkins and
Professor WORTHY II. Rudd.