The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1914-09-21

s,irt1.dav of Italian unity. To Ital- fans on this side of the Atlantic, as well as at home. the twentieth or sep fernfersis a red-Ietter day in the cal endar. and wild applause will greet each red-shirten veteran Of Gar1bal- dis army of hberty-a hero, indeed. since his leader promised nothing put hunger, thirst, cold, heat, no bar racks no rest, but, frequent alarms, forced marches, charges at the point of the bayonet, wounds, death
 It was on Sept. 20. 1870. that the Italian troops under Cadorna entered the Eternal City through a preacn -en.ala lla the Porta Pfa, now a shrine sacred to Italian unity, where each year on .sVenti Settembres the Garibaldaans and other veterans assemble to com xnemorate the victory which made IL aly one country from the snow-clad Alps to sunny Sicily. with the ancient cfsy of Ronu7us as it's capital
 ss>Cts siainao e ci resterm o.S s1E9ere we are, and here we remain z oe- came the motto of Victor Eramanuei and it has been that of his successors, Hunbert and Victor Emmanuel H. ssRonna captfa1es' was necessary to the realization of the dream of ltal1a l1nfta. z but 1t has created proplen which has continued through the Tor fv-foslr years, since the Church has never abandoned it's claim of tenn porsal power over Rome The gap between the Vatican and Quirinal has not been bridged, although there is no longer any feeling or enmity De- tween Pope and King
 The a<orming of Rome and the uni fcat4on of Italy came as the reaa1za- ton Of 9 strong popular impulse la the early part of the n1neteentn cen- f1,rv the peninsula was divided into petty staBes ruled largely by petty " irahnta. The kings of Sicily and Ma ipies became rmlonstruus by their cruel e1esnotism. Tn the North, Austria sl, e1d zinsolent sway, and by her treat .I nent of Italians aroused hatred for Austria which no alliance, based on axnedfence has been able to over come King Charles Albert of Sar- diIaia and the tGzand Duke of Tuscany alone. among the rulers of Italy, man man Iifested wisdom and jusffce in the gov efnnent of their subjects
 In 184S the revolution in hich Maaxi nj and GaEfbaldi becaue the i eufdfng spirits, Was com menced. Ag1- fsfs,rs. carrvSxasr on secret propagan- andsthrough the peninsula were 1zzan ny who looked forward to the regenera- ton d6 the Italian people The Aus , frians moved large bodies of troops into the North. and sard11aias declar- ed war At Noveras in 1S49. the pa trfot army waserouteds and the dream scanned ended.
 Charles Albert took his defeat so much to heart that he abdicated in fla. vor Of his son, Victor Emmanuel. The latter. retreat1ng from Novaras swore on his sword. Bys Heaven, there shall be an Italyz
 The new king, aided by his minister, Cavour won the friendship of France, and during the cE1rnean war Sardinia sent troops to aid it's powerful ally. In return Sardinia received large Dort1on of Italian soil, and it's terri tory was extended as far as Venice, beeozning .athe Kingdom of ItaIys', The issue with Austria was Joined the war to drive Austria from Italy. On May goth the Apstrians were de- feated at Montebe1lo. Then came the Italian victories at Pa1estro, Ma genta and Ma1egnano, and finally at SoAfer1Ro, where the Emperors of Austria and Trance and the King of Italy witnessed Che terrible conflict.
 The advance of Gariba1di on one side and of Prince Nap o1eon and the Tuscans on the other had made it necessary for the Austrian army to flight fox its existence at SoIferino. At first the .Austrians had the advantage, but the French troops under the Elm Iperor and MacAGahon changed the fortunes or the4day and the Austrians were routed. The SaBd1nians had maintained a desperate conflict of if teen hours against double their num- ber. The Anstr4ans lost 630 officers and nearly 20sooO men. while the loss Eof the aElAes was nearly a thousand ofncers and IS ,0o0 men, This battle closed the war and drove the Aus trians from ItaIy-s It had another memorable efrect, for the horror oz the conflict inspired Henri Dunant, a Swiss. to write a book which led to the Wganizati on4 of the Reds Cross So- 5ciety.
 Tn 1866 Italy sided with Prussia ; and w'on more territory. securing ve- netfa in spite of the defeat of the Ital- fans at Custoxza- In the meantime Garfha1dd and his red sFfrted voiun- Iteers had commenced a campaign against Rome. but Victor Emmanuel
 drowned upon th6 project. since Rome was occupied by the soldiers of his friend, Emperor Napoleon. In 1876 the defeat of France by Prussia. made it necessary to withdrew the French army from Romes and Victor Elm manuel took advantage of the oppor- tun1ty to capture the Eternal City and make it his capital
 Itaays history as a united nati or has been one of brilliant achieve @nents. and within the brief space o1 forty four years it has become z WOrId-pOVVer, with extensive colon 1aI possessions in Africa In Hum. bert and his son, Victor EmTnanue H., Italy has had enlightened ans progressive rulers, but under the in
 huence of popular education ther, has grown up a spirit of democracl which is no longer satisfied with mon archisna- The King-was recently quot
 ed as expressing the opinion tha within thirty years there will be D, more monarchs in Europe, and addet that when his turn came to retir' to private life he hoped that he woult
 be permitted to remain in Italy in
 stead of being eziled-
 The alliance of Italy with Austri; and Germany effected in 1882, ha
 T-- -9<.-~ 4v{ r faIx
 has been a source of weakness to tn
 government Italians generally hat
 Austria and dtstrust Germany. while
 as Latins. they have a natural sym
 patEly with France, strengthened b
 the fact that the kingdom was found d rriff1 inc assisfancN of the French