davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Liberal democrat. [volume] (Liberal, Kan.) 1911-1924, 1914-07-03

ton, but their families as well, had
become the objects OF vengeance by
the British, and also that the reduced
number Of the American army made 1t
impossible to hope for protection from
that quarter. Thirty miles from his
home, in Monmouth county, he left
his family in safety. Refusing to i'm
peril them, however, with his pres
ence, he went to reside with Mr..
Covenhoven, a friend and patriot. But
fate was against him as, through the
treachery Of some one, party OF Brit
ish refugees was informed of his tenn
porary residence.
Surrounding the house at night,
both Stockton and Covenhoven were
surprised and captured by this party,
Dragged from their beds, stripped and
plundered of their possessions, they
were started to New York. Stockton,
however, was first taken to Amboy
and there thrown into the common
goal" There, destitute and exposed,
he was allowed to suffer from the ex-
treme cold and want Of sufficient pro-
lection. Later, when taken to New
York he was again placed in common
jail and subjected to similar treatment.
So great were his sufferings that he
contracted the disease which resulted
in his death not long afterward.
Not only the comforts, but the bare
necessities OF life were refused Stock
ton during his Imprisonment in New
York. At one time he was left with
absolutely no food for more than "a
hours, and then given some which was
so coarse in quality, not to mention
scanty In amount, that he would have
been better off without it.
Fortunately. however, word of his
treatment reached congress. A mes
sage was Immediately sent General
Howe, stating that he would either
have to treat Stockton more humanely
or expect retaliation.
Such Ill treatment as Stockton en-
dured In prison did not make up the
whole of his sufferings at the hands
Of the British. While he was thus
confined his property was plundered,
his personal papers burned, and his
fine library destroyed, as we're also his
horses and cattle.
When peace finally prevailed. Stock
ton returned home to find all in ruins.
his property destroyed. his finances
wiped out. So great was his poverty
that he was forced to call upon friends
to secure the necessaries of life for
himself and family. This state of af-
fairs 30 depressed him him that his
already delicate condition was further
aggravated, and In February, 1881, he
died when but fifty-one years of age.
Thomas Hayward. Jr, was another
of the martyrs. In 1878 he accepted a
seat on the bench of the criminal and
civil courts of South Carolina under
the new government. This office was
not without its attendant danger. The
The Liberal democrat. [volume] (Liberal, Kan.) 1911-1924, 1914-07-03
lBy Ralph Kenney, Instructor
\ HE COWPEA is the best annual

80 @NNAPN ANNAhSJJ AhohA NSSNA
TT HE COWPEA is the best annual
legume for green manuring
purposes grown in Kans IS.
Sweet clover will produce as much
and perhaps more green manuring
material in its second year of growth
than will the cowpea, but the first
years growth of sweet clover is not
usually SO great and it requires the
entire spring and summer for growth;
whereas, the cowpea Is planted in
late May, June or July and natures
by the time of frost. The cowpea
has the advantage over rye for ma
nuring purposes in that the legume
obtains nitrogen from the air and
adds 1t to the SOIL whereas rye can
not do this. When planted in May
or June, the cowpea is the only crop
grown on the field that season and
Is usually harvested for hay or seed
production or is pastured, while for
green manuring purposes 1t is gen.
orally drilled into the stubble of
small grains Immediately 4fter the
grain has been harvested, or is plant
ed between the rows of corn at the
last cultivation. When planted in the
latter way, 1t is the second crop on
the land that season and can be prof,
itably turned under for green manure.
Seeded In the grain stubble, the
cowpea crop may be plOwed under be.
fore getting ripe, and the ground may
be seeded to another grain crop the
same fall. The average gain from
growing cowpeas between wheat
crops at the Kansas Agricultural Ex-
pertinent station at Manhattan in four
years trials was four and one-third
bushels to the acre over the yield OBJ
tanned by following wheat with wheat
without a green manure crop between.
Furthermore, this result was cumu-
lative; that is, the first years gain
was but one bushel, while the fourth
years gain was nine bushels in favor
of green manuring.
However, it is better to follow COM
peas planted in grain stubble with
corn the next year. This allows the
cowpeas to grow longer in the fall,
not being plowed under until frost
and thus adding the maximum of
vegetable matter rich in nitrogen In
the drier portions of the state, there
is not enough moisture to grow a COW.
pea crop for green manuring after
grain and still leave the ground in
good condition to start wheat in the
fail.
The average Of four years results
The Liberal democrat. [volume] (Liberal, Kan.) 1911-1924, 1914-07-03
HE ADVOCATES IRRIGATION
Drainage Engineer Says Every Farm
In Western Kansas Should Have
Small Plant.

Every farmer in the western half
of the state should irrigate few
acres of land, says H. B. Walker.
drainage engineer in the extension
department Of the Kansas State Agri
cultural college. This is an insurance
against total failure in years of ex.
treme drouth, and makes possible .
more pleasant home with shade trees,
fruit, fresh vegetables and flowers,
By using a common stock well.
pumping with a windmill into stor-
age reservoir, and then practicing
winter irrigation, small area can
be successfully irrigated. The profits
are often large in proportion to the
area and the cost of equipment. Mr..
Walker has received from men operat,
ing such plants reports which prove
that they are successful. One man
raised $40 worth of tomatoes on one
sixth of an acre.
The Liberal democrat. [volume] (Liberal, Kan.) 1911-1924, 1914-07-03
Failed to Back Criticism.

If there were any considerable mum.
Der of Republicans and Progressives
in the house of representatives who
believed that the administration anti
trust bills would become disturbers Of
business and breeders of litigation
these quondam prophets of evil showed
a woeful lack of the courage of their
convictions. The vote was practically
unanimous on two of the measures,
while the opposition to the third was
composed of less than ten per cent OF
the total membership of the house,
The critics of the measures were
either dishonest in uttering their
Jeremhds or dishonest in their voting
probably. in respect to both.
The Liberal democrat. [volume] (Liberal, Kan.) 1911-1924, 1914-07-03

The work Of farm bureaus and
county agricultural agents is being
actively pushed and supported by
state laws in Wisconsin, Michigan
and Pennsylvania.
In Wisconsin, for instance, through
an act of the legislature in 1913, au-
thority is given to county boards of
the various counties to raise by tax
or otherwise for periods of not less
than two years sufficient money to
cover the share of the county in main
tanning q farm bureau and agricul-
tural agent. No county making an
appropriation is to appropriate less
than $1,000 annually, while it may ap-
propriate as much more than that as
it wishes. In addition, state aid to
the sum OF $1,000 annually is given
to any county in which an agricul-
tural agent has been established.
State aid In all cases is expended I'M
der the direction of the agricultural
college of the University of Wlscon-
son, and the county money Is dis
bursed on the orders of the county
clerk, approved by the county agri-
cultural agent AS result of this
law, great impetus has been added
to the agricultural agent movement
in Wisconsin.
In Michigan, the board Of super
visors in any county is authorized to
appropriate or raise money by tax for
cooperating with the Michigan Agri-
cultural College in encouraging prac-
tical farm demonstrations and in.
struction in agriculture. It Is pro-
vided in this law that there shall not
be appropriated in any county in any
one year more than fifty cents for
each $1,000 of the assessed valuation
of the real and personal property OF
the county and that the maximum
amount raised each year shall not ex-
coed $4,000 in addition to the salary
Of the agricultural agent. That will
mean a maximum Of about $4,000 for
county. Michigan as result had
twelve county agents October 1, 1918,
anu blHCS JICu Hdo lhSiOdoCu lhdL
number considerably.
Pennsylvania likewise is progress
sive in this work and enacted law
In 1918 which permits the county
commissioners of each county to APP
propriate from county funds~-a sum
not to exceed $500 annually for
demonstration work in agriculture and
home economics with the various
counties and for the purpose of i'm
proving and developing the agricul-
tural resources of each county. The
other funds necessary to carry on the
work of the bureau and of the county
agent are supplied either by the fed
eral government or by local subscrip-
ton. The county commissioners also
are authorized to provide offices in
the county court house for the farm
bureau and the agricultural agent
connected with it. This state, as a
result of this law, had nine county
The Liberal democrat. [volume] (Liberal, Kan.) 1911-1924, 1914-07-03
WORK OF FARM BUREAUS in OTHER STATES

agents October last, and the number
has increased since then
The search for men to fill county
agent positions has been keen in
each state, as 1t is not an easy mat
ter to get men with all the qualiil-
cations necessary. Good personality,
sound fundamental training, and large
farm experience are always required
In a few cases mistakes have been
made and agents have been changed
in various counties, but as the bureau
is permanent, the organization is
maintained and an agent who more
completely fills the requirements has
been selected.
The Liberal democrat. [volume] (Liberal, Kan.) 1911-1924, 1914-07-03
Au<.Ms<h
G90

British lay in the vicinity Of Charles.
ton, and 1t was in that city that the
sessions were held On one occasion
Hayward presided at the trial of some
persons charged with treason. They
were convicted of having held CORE.
spondence with the enemy and exc
cuted in full view of the British lines.
This act, especially, led to Hey
wards great disfavor in the eyes OF
the British. At the same time he was a
judge he held a military commission
and was in active service. Command
ing a battalion Of artillery, Hayward
and Rutledge we're together during the
defense of Charleston. In one en-
counter Hayward received a gunshot
wound, the scar of which he carried
the remainder of his life.
Although in that engagement victory
was with the Americans, Charleston
was destined to fall. Then Hayward,
like his two compatriots, was taken
prisoner and sent to st. Augustine,
where he remained year. During his
Imprisonment his plantation was raid
ed and his slaves sent to jamaica
Some were afterward reclaimed.
Although not intentional on the part
Of the British, the trip from st. Angus
tine to Philadelphia came near being
the means of Heyward's death. While
on the boat he in some way lost his
balance and fell overheard. Straight
way vigorous efforts were made for his
so great that it was only by cllnging
to the ships rudder that he was saved
from drowning. Upon returning home
he was still further afflicted, this time
by the loss Of his wife. So depressed
was he by all his misfortunes that 1t
was considerable time before he re-
gained his normal condition and was
able to fully discharge his public du-
ties.
Although never captured, John
Hart of New Jersey was nevertheless
made to feel the hatred England bore
toward all the signers of the Decla-
ration. Honest John Hart" as he
was called, was another one of the
men who at the time they Endorsed
the separation of the colonies from
England had nothing material to gain
and much to lose. His farm, In Hun
terdon county. was large, and his
home was considerated as seat OF
hospitality" but SO situated that, in
the event of hostilties, it would be
open to the ravages of the enemy.
This Mr.. Hart realized when he took
his stand, and later even more fully
appreciated. When New Jersey was
invaded by the English he vas one of
the men particularly sought His
family, by a timely and distant re-
treat from their home, were saved
personal violence, but he was forced
to seek hiding. From one house to
another he went, not daring to stay
more than a single night under the
same roof. While thus trying to keep
beyond the clutches of the British his
farm was destroyed and his stock.
which was numerous and valuable,
became the enemy's spoil. The per-
sonal safety of himself and family was
assured only by General Washington's
successful march upon Trenton, the
capture of the Hessians posted there
and the enforced retreat of the foe,
The Liberal democrat. [volume] (Liberal, Kan.) 1911-1924, 1914-07-03
KANSAS FARMERS CAN KEEP UP SOIL
FERTILITY BY FLOWING UNDER CONPEAS
Best egum Crop for Green Manug Purposes Grown State Say
College Experts-Can be Planted in May June or July
and Natures Before FroSt-Is Better
Than Sweet Clover
Farm Crops. K. s. A. CT

in Farm Crops, X. S. A. CT
from growing cowpeas in grain stub
BILE followed by corn has been an in
crease of nine bushels of corn over
the rotation consisting of wheat, corn.
wheat, with no intermediate cowpea
crop.
On the average Kansas farm where
the manure saved from feeding live
stock is not great enough to cover
any extensive area, the growing OF n
green manure crop is the next best
method of keeping up soil fertility.
The cowpea as a catch crop requires
only the labor Of a slight preparation
Of seeded and the seeding operation,
and replaces weeds. The cost OF seed
is relatively high at the present time,
being from $3.50 to $3.50 bushel.
A bushel is sown to the acre. With
improved methods of harvesting and
threshing the seed crop, however, the
price will be gradually lowered. Even
at the present prices of seed, one can
proftably seed twenty, thirty or forty
acres to cowpeas each year for green
manure and thus cover the entire rO-
tation in a few years.
Even If the crop be cut for hay or
pastured off, the stubble remaining
has a marked effect in increasing
yields Of following crops. The Arkan-
sas station reports that where only
the stubble was plowed under when
cowpeas were grown between wheat
crops, the average gain was two bush
els over continuous cropping OF
wheat.
More numerous experiments have
been conducted in the United States
to determine the effects of cowpeas
used as green manure than have been
devoted to all other leguminous crops
combined. Almost without exception,
these experiments have indicated a
very beneficial effect upon the sue
ceeding crop. Except on the poorest
soils, careful experiments show that
1t is decidedly more profitable to use
the cowpea crop as hay or pasture
and then pillow under the stubble than
1t is to pillow under the whole crop.
While ploNing under the whole crop
produces, as rule, greater effect,
1t is not enough greater to equal the
value Of the cowpea crop as feed.
The Whippoorwill variety of cow
peas is recommended for green ma
nuring in Kansas, both because of its
very satisfactory growth and because
it is one to be easily obtained from
seed houses.
The Liberal democrat. [volume] (Liberal, Kan.) 1911-1924, 1914-07-03

On the morning of June s, 1885, the
Liberty bell, which for century had
been the city's greatest instrument
for showing Joy or grief, was being
tolled for Chief Justice John Mar
shall
On that occasion 1t was badly
cracked But, broken as it was, the
bell was afterward rung on great oc-
casions, although the tones were but
sorry reminders of the once power
full sound. So 1t happened that II
yeaTs ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS birthday,
1S43-the old bell was once again
The Liberal democrat. [volume] (Liberal, Kan.) 1911-1924, 1914-07-03
One Smash Not Due to rarIff.

1t may not be untimely to point .nt
to Republican calamity howlers that
the failure of big London banking
house, who liabilities are placed al
100000 or more, was not due to
the Democratic tariff, but to losses In
railroad stocks in high-tariff Canada,
And it is quite possible that there
will be more such troubles, for the
railroad situation in Canada is decid
eddy critical But, of course, G. o. p,
prophets of evil overlook these poiutR
For them all the woes of the wcrlR
are due to the Democrats.
The Liberal democrat. [volume] (Liberal, Kan.) 1911-1924, 1914-07-03
HE GROWS TOO MUCH WHEAT
Average Kansas Farmer Plants More
Than He Can Properly Han
die, Says Expert.

The principal reason the average
wheat yield in Kansas is less than
fourteen bushels an acre is that Kan
sas farmers grow more wheat than
they can care for to the best advan-
tage. Such is the comment of Cecil
Salmon, assistant professor of farm
crops in the Kansas State Agricut
tural college.
The result is. says Mr.. Salmon, that
part of the land must be plowed too
late for good results and that some
of the wheat must be sown too early
in order to get all the wheat sowR
early enough.
The Liberal democrat. [volume] (Liberal, Kan.) 1911-1924, 1914-07-03
sssSSSAySNlllIU ILLsAs
~ ziIi5 ~ Is
When Liberty Bell Last Rang.

W ITNII E-IUNIV ~S'' "1IVN ''7'''b'
Seventy-one years ago, February %,
the Liberty bell was rung for the last
time. This is contrary to the popular
belief.
The usual theory put forth is that
the old bell was cracked in 1885 and
ceased to be rung after that time.
Part Of this notion is correct and part
a wrong.
The Liberal democrat. [volume] (Liberal, Kan.) 1911-1924, 1914-07-03
79ssAss H

tolled in joy. At that time, however,
the previous crack became so wide
that the tones were completely broken.
1t was never rung after that day,
and for II years 1t has remained
voiceless.
The Liberal democrat. [volume] (Liberal, Kan.) 1911-1924, 1914-07-03
/. pepends on the Glasses.

The president is right. Prospellty
is In plain sight. But she's invisible
through blue specs.-New York Eve
ming World.
The Liberal democrat. [volume] (Liberal, Kan.) 1911-1924, 1914-07-03

No matter how we'll the ground Is
prepared, or how favorable the season.
first class crop of wheat cannot be
grown without good seed.
The Liberal democrat. [volume] (Liberal, Kan.) 1911-1924, 1914-07-03

Perhaps love does make the world
go round when the lovers are intox-
icated with happiness.
The Liberal democrat. [volume] (Liberal, Kan.) 1911-1924, 1914-07-03

adopted the draft of the Declaration,
this country as a whole became q
traitor to the crown of England. but
the men who later subscribed their
names to that document-written
proof of their defiance of England's
king-became martyrs to the Decla-
ration! In order that this country
might lift from around her neck the
milestone Of English oppression they
placed around their own necks the
hangmans rope.
Nor did those men who made up the
continental congress believe other
WISE When, August 2, 1776, the en-
crossed copy OF the Declaration was
about to be signed by those present,
John Hancock, president of the con-
gress, said:
I'VE must be unanimous; there must
be no pulling different ways; we must
all hang together"
Yes" Benjamin Franklin replied,
I'VE must, indeed. all hang together,
or most assuredly we shall all hang
separately"
Hancock, as president, probably
signed first, and It is said that, as he
put his name to the parchment, In a
large, strong hand. he rose, and ex-
claimed:
There! John Bull can read my
name without spectacles, and may now
double his reward of $500 for my
head. That is my defance!"
And John Bull did read his name.
In fact, he was at great pains to read
all the names inscribed upon that doc
ument. Then he sent out an order for
the capture of the men who had 30
dared defy their king.
During the hostilities which ensued
there were several of the signers Of
the Declaration made prisoners; men
who tasted to the full England's
hatreds-Richard Stockton, Francis
Lewis, Arthur Middleton, Lyman Hall,
George Walton. Edward Rutledge,
Thomas Hayward and John Hart were
all among those who in the true sense
of the term became martyrs to the
Declaration Of Independence.
Richard Stockton, one Of New Jer-
seys signers, perhaps more than any
OF the others, suffered as result Of
his convictions. So great, in fact, were
the abuses heaped upon him that con-
gress, hearing Of them, sent word to
General Howe that If the treatment &C
corded him were not more humane he
might expect all British soldiers cap
tured in the future to be treated in
like manner.
Nearly fifty years Of age when he
signed the Declaration, Richard Stock
ton was in addition delicate man.
Toward the end of 1776 Mr.. Stockton
resumed his seat in congress after
having completed a mission on which
that body had sent him. Shortly after
his return. however, he found 1t neces-
sary to leave for home to find safer
place for his family than his home
then afforded, as 1t lay in the path of
the enemy, who were making a tri-
umphal march through New Jersey.
He realized that not only the men
themselves who signed the Declare
The Telegraph-courier. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1888-1946, 1914-07-09
VOICE A PROTEST.
Kenosha County is Asked to Aid in
Fight Against Conditions in State.

Burnett county has joined the insur
gent forces in the state and this morn
ing County Clerk Jones received a
long set Of resolutions passed by the
taxpayers of that county against pres
ent conditions in the state. A change
is demanded in the charges made to
out of state students at the university
of Wisconsin, demand is made for the
repeal of the income tax law and the
discharge Of all income tax assessors,
the taxpayers in that county would
have the state highway law amended so
as to make the adoption of it by the
various counties optional and with the
understanding that no highway tax be
collected from counties not adopting
the law They refused to endorse a
resolution to abolish the assembly and
the senate ard provide for a state leg
islative commission. The clerk is sup
posed to send copies Of the resolution
to all town officials in the county.
The Telegraph-courier. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1888-1946, 1914-07-09
COOPER STILL UNDECIDED.
Fi-ss District Congressman May Enter
Race for United States Senator.

There is still a possibility that Con-
gresham Henry Allen Cooper Of Ra-
cine, will be a candidate for the
nomination for United States senator
and announcements have been sent out
from Racine that Mr.. Cooper will make
formal announcement of his plans dur
ing the next few days. The congress
man is to deliver the Fourth Of July
address at GAINESVILLE and following
this he will issue a political statement.
Should Mr. Cooper decide to enter the
race for senator and his Racine friends
seem to think this probable there is
certain to be mad scramble for the
nomination for member of congress
on the republican ticket. It is expect
ed that with the retirement of the
present congressman there will be can
didates for the Office from every
county in the district.
The Telegraph-courier. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1888-1946, 1914-07-09
FARMERS INSTITUTES FOR FALL
AND WINTER 1914-1915.

Farmers and business men and their
organizations desiring farmers in
stitute for their locality during the
season of 1914-1915 should send to the
superintendent of farmers Institutes
for blank petitions and letter of
information
Any town, no matter how small or
how far from the railroad, may secure
an institute, provided petition for
it comes from large number Of in
terested, active farmers and business
men Of the community and that a good
hall is available in which to hold the
meeting. It is particularly desirable
that the call come from combination
OF the active farmers and business
men S organizations of a community
or county.
The institute programs will deal
with matters relating to farm animals,
crops, soil, marketing and cooperation,
barn and silo building. Special en-
phasis will be given to matters per-
tanning to the house and home, includ-
ing home building, nursing, sanitation,
foods, etc. These and other topics
will be presented to suit local needs.
Talk this matter up. If sentiment
seems favorable, write at once for APP
plication blanks. Address all com
munications to G. P. Norgord, Supt.,
Madison, Wis.