davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1914-11-08
AMERICAN civil. WAR
NOT FOUGHT BY BOYS

the men engaged in the war on the
Union side was twenty-three. i refer
to that In refutation of a statement
which 1 saw recently in a public print
that in the civil war there were 1,500
boys of the age of fourteen or under.
that there more more than 100000
of twenty-one or under. There were
but 100000 enlistments in the north.
Many of these were re-enlistments, and
were, consequently. counted twice. How
many bounty jumpers, or men who en-
listed and deserted as many times as
they could, cannot be computed.
Toward the close of the war a very
high bounty was paid for recruits and
substitutes, and there was consequenN
ly widespread dissatisfaction among
those substitutes in the armies who
had enlisted for smaller premium or
bounty, and these men were frequently
deserting to enlist again to obtain the
higher money, or another bounty
Bounty jumpers helped to swell the
Union enlistments considerably above
the actual number OF different indi-
viduals enlisted.
"If you will look st the photographs
which Brady made in all the fields and
camps of the Union armies, especially
in the east-and he made thousands OF
pictures of men engaged in all manner
of military operations-you viii note
that most of the soldiers caught by
4
1T is perhaps true that in the
armies of the south there was a higher
percentage of boys than in the north
ern armies. That was because the de-
mand of the south for troops was
greater than the demand in the north,
and because the war was closer to the
4, -
on generally in the south's territory
Another observation occurs to me.
and it is this: Fifty years go in thi.
country = boy was la many ways more
of 'lnan' at seventeen or eighteen
years old than he is now at twenty or
twenty-five. Comparatively few boys
went to college then. and at college the
course was shorter than it is now
The boy entered college earlier and got
away earlier. II was 10 unusual thing
half a century ago TO find men at
twenty and twenty-one practicing law
and medicine. and held in pretty high
esteem in their professions. Often a
youth, the product OF the common
schools. freside study or a private
tutor, would read law in a lawyers
Office in the county seat for a few
months, and on the strength Of that
would be admitted to the bar, the theory
of admission to the bar in many locali-
ties being that if he did not know
enough law to make living it was his
own business and nobody's else.
THE populat tion was more generally
rural then than now, and a farm boy
of seventeen or eighteen years old was
apt to be considerable of man physi-
cally and in the independence Of his
ways, because there was not as much
.coftonine' of boys or public mother
ing of them as there is now.
Evening star., 1914-11-08

like his brother and predecessor, Alb
dul Hamid III, resides in the splendid
Yildiz Kiosk, his palace on the Galata
raglio point. The kiosk is situated on
a lovely wooded hill above the Bos-
porus and is surrounded with bar
racks. 1t is miniature city in itself.
containing many buildings, among
which is a white marble mosque, in
which the sultan performs his de-
votions without being under the ne
cessity of leaving his palace grounds.
scum than the splendid one in Con-
stantinople, which is the delight Of all
tourists. In one Of the salons is placed
Evening star., 1914-11-08

don dispatch states authoritively.
however, that the sublime porte"
will have to do much more
than apologize for the aggressive
action of the Turkish fleet. which is
reported to have not only bombarded
Odessa and Theodosia formerly known
as Kaffa. a Russian seaport in the
Crimea, connected by rail with Sebas-
topol, the fortified seaport of European
Russia. and her greatest naval base).
but also to have torpedoed and sunk.
with considerable loss of life, several
AIuscovite warships, torpedo boats and
destroyers.
The French government has issued
a statement in which it is explained
that Turkey, in reply to the protest
agreeing to the recall of her fleet
from the Black sea, has refused to ac-
cede to the demand of the allies that
all German officers and seamen be
dismissed Immediately from her navy
The entente powers. it is said, be
Heving it impossible for Turkey to
maintain any lasting peace, or even
to continue her senblance of neu-
trality without entirely freeing her
self from the strong German domi-
nance in Constantinople and through
out her domain, have caused their
amba ssadors to demand their pass
ports and leave turkey
::
Recent dispatches state that the be-
lief is prevalent in Constantinople
that the apology rendered by the grand
vizier as the mouthpiece of the peace
party will not be acceptable. or ac-
auiesced in, by the young Turks. the
large and powerful faction. under the
leadership and domination of the war
party headed by Enver Bey.
AS the foEeign representatives of the
entente powers have already depart
ed from Constantinople, it is reported,
ard as the powers must consider Tur-
KEYS apology before II is either s,c-
cepted or refused it Is believed that
some time will elapse before it is pos
sible for friendly relations to be re-
sumed with the senile sick man of
Europe" whose end is now thought
TO be near.
In proof of the contention that Ger
many is backing the Porte financially.
a London dispatch relates the receipt
by the Constantinople branch of the
Deutsche Bank Of G1,0O0.000 in gold.
War is regarded as inevitable in po-
Iitical circles, according to the latest
reports, for by attacking Russia. and
in supinely yielding to the machina-
rions of her willy German mentor, Tur-
key is being rapidly drawn to her
doom.
Already the power of prestige of the
Evening star., 1914-11-08

the Hippodrome, so pregnant with
memories of the massacre of the jani-
zaries.
The sultan's bodyguard in ancient
times was recruited with numbers OF
the "rayas." or young boys. sons of
Christian subjects. who were given,
when six years old. to the sultan as
tribute and made converts to Islam
In time they became the most power
full portion of the standing army. They
were tiercely fanatical. and controlled
the destiny not only OF the sultan. but
his empire. In 1926 Mahmud II. taking
time by the forelock. before they had
decided to get rid of him. had $4,000
suddenly massacred. and 10000 others
who escaped the wholesale slaughter
were forever banished.
Constantinople is full Of imperial res
licences. The new palace of Beylerbey
situated on the Asiatic side of the
lovely Strait Of Bosporus. is magnifi-
cent It is used chiefly as a summer
residence, or as sumptuously fur
nished dwelling. which the sublime
porte has ready for any royal guests
who may visit him in Constantinople
The present sultan, Mohammed. v.
Evening star., 1914-11-08

on exhibit a costly collection of objects
dart which We're taken from Abdul
Hamid's palace after his downfall.
Beautiful and costly ornaments, are
seen in gold and silver incrusted with
precious stones, jeweled scimitars. da-
mascened daggers and weapons of all
kinds.
The sea of Marmora is decidedly dis
appointing, for the banks are gener-
ally fiat and low. The Princes Isles
are Constantinople's Coney Island. They
lie a couple of hours away by steamer.
Before Prinkipo, the principal resort, is
reached, the desolate little island to
which the dogs of Constantinople were
banished a few years ago, is passed.
The Turks, by their religion, are pro-
hibited from taking life. The mongrel
ours of the city at last increased and
multiplied uatil the Moslems them
selves, objecting to them. hit upon a
plan which would put an end to the an
noyance and yet be entirely within the
letter Of the law of the Koran against
impounded and dumped upon the des-
olate islasd in the Sea of Marmora.
where they died not long after. one by
one. Only sufficient food was taken
them from time to time to insure they
might not all die at once.
At Prinkipo there is long board
wharf, at the inner end of which is a
line of small restaurants and dilapi-
dated hotels. Forlorn little donkeys
are driven to and from by the water
sellers. for aqua fresca is the only
Turkish beverage, besides coffee. the
Moslem indulges in. With all his
many admitted faults. the Turk is the
most abstemious of men, no orthodox
Mohammedan of any class ever i'm
bibing intoxicants.
In Pera there are saloons. but they
are never patronized by the Turks. and
in the whole Moslem quarter of Stam-
boul there are no drinking places. Hap
pening to take luncheon in the city
Of Stamboul, travellers Will see in the
Evening star., 1914-11-08

successfully, swimming across the
strait and back in an hour and ten min
utes.
An interesting story is told of Admiral
Elphinstone, the famous Russian, who,
in ITO. when commanding a Muscovite
squadron consisting of three ships and
four frigates, which were in pursuit of
two Turkish ships, boldly appeared be-
fore the first Of the great fortresses, or
Castles" After one, broadside the
Turkish batteries remained silent, and
the intrepid admiral sailed by without
receiving another shot. Afterward it
became known that after the one dis
charge the guns were useless for lack
of ammunition. But during the Cri-
Evening star., 1914-11-08

Turkeys Notifications both on the
Dardanelles and Bosporus.
Roberts College. the American seat
of learning, occupies a fine position on
high hill just above Constantinople
on the Bosporus. A short distance be-
yond, but nearer the shore. stands the
historic old fortress known as Rumeli
Hissar. built by Mahomet II on the site.
it is claimed. Of the Byzantine state,
Oubliette. 1t was constructed out of
the materials of the destroyed churches
and buildings in Constantinople de-
molished for the purpose, and it is esti-
mated that the enforced labor of 1000
Greek lime-burners and masons alone
were employed on its construction.
Each of it's great towers were in
trusted to a general, it is said. Mahomet
himself attending to the construction of
the walls, which represent four
gigantic letters in Arabic which spell
his name. The completion of the citadel
enabled the sultan to command the
strait and forced all ships going to or
coming from the Black sea to pay toll
Evening star., 1914-11-08

ments were mysteriously discovered
among the papers upon the table.
Hastily thrusting the fat tip into the
Turkish officials itching palm, to gain
which he had worked SO diligently.
they escaped with thankful hearts. For.
even if they were to be massacred at
Constantinople on their arrival. they,
at least, did not have to remain at Dar-
danelles
While the majority of our country
men are undoubtedly in the city of
Constantinople, there are some mis-
sionaries and other Americans scat
tered through the sultan's empire. all
of whom will now find it impossible to
get home. In Albania and other Turk
Evening star., 1914-11-08
They Live 0n-Us.

A WELL known painter pointed out
"A at tea in a pale stone palace on
5th avenue, New York, the doubtful au-
thenticity Of a Correggio.
At the end Of his demonstration he
adjusted his pince nez. looked about
him in his grave, whimsical way and
said:
Ladies', the old masters are indeed
immortal. Most OF them are still pro-
ducing chef-doeuvres at the rate OF
nine or ten a week for the galleries OF
our multimillionaires."
Evening star., 1914-11-08

Ottoman government has been enor-
mously curtailed. Prior to 1878 Turkey
was of great extent, comprising de-
tendencies in Europe and Asia, ex-
tending from Montenegro, Bosnia, Ser
via and eastern Rumelia on the north
to the AEGEAN sea and Greece on the
south. and from the Black sea to tn"
Adriatic. the straits of Otranto and
the Ionic sea. The whole area of Tur-
key, 1t is estimated, amounted to mo~e
than 2,00O. 900. 900 square miles, and the
portion under Mohammedan fn'nin :
tion in Europe exceeded 200.000,000
square miles, with an estimated popu-
lation of more than 100000.
Under the provision of the treaty of
Evening star., 1914-11-08

pened to be on the first steamer which
ATTEMPTED to reach Constantinople.
Seven vessels, all in line, played fol
low the leader" after the little snorting
Turkish tug which pointed out the
tortuous way between the innumerable
mines with which the Dardanelles had
been sown.
:: X
Arriving at the town of Dardanelles.
two. American travellers were the only
passengers who cared to take the
chances of going ashore, although the
ships officer had reported it was all
right to do SO. On being rowed ashore
Evening star., 1914-11-08

linked its destiny with the fortunes of
both continents"
The city is surrounded by water on
all sides, except to the west, where the
old double ancient walls extend en-
tirely across the promontory. A wall
which stili remains standing in many
places after more than fifteen centuries
s,- * i ne at tue tifrle
of Constantine the Great 1t extends
from the famous Seven Towers acrossthe
isthmus to the Sea of Marmora and the
waters of the Golden Horn.
Seraglio Point, with it's dones and
minarets, it's hill crowned with dark
cypress. is the first part of the city seen
on arriving and the last glimpse caught
Evening star., 1914-11-08

Power and Prestige
of the Ottoman Gov
ernment Has Already
Been Curtai1ed e d.
When Turkey Com
prised a Great Terri
tory City of Con-
stantinople Is Unique
Among Capitals of the
World Chief Com
mercial Center of the
Levant-A City of I'm
perial Residences.
Evening star., 1914-11-08
The Expert.

A DMIRAL MAHAN, the naval expert.
1 said of naval critic at his country
house in Quogue:s
This mans ignorance of naval things
is hardly excelled by the Zulu's igno-
rance of literature.
"An American sea captain engaged in
the African wilds a Zulu boy for serv-
ant. This boy, seeing his master read.
ing one day, said:
What part Of the page, master, do
you read-the black part or the
white?"
Evening star., 1914-11-08

URkEY'S e r a II d
viZier is reported
to have apollo
Sized in the name
of the Ottoman
government for
the recent bonn
bardment of Rus
sian ports on the
Black sea by two
Turkish cruisers,
assisted by de-
stroyers. a Lon
Evening star., 1914-11-08

mean war the defenses Of Constanti-
nople were put into perfect repair. Since
then, in recent years, with the marvel
GUS attention to detail exemplified by
Germany in all she does, she has super
intended the entire reorganization OF
Evening star., 1914-11-08
A TURKISH FORT ON THE BosPoRUs

of 1.-The city washed by four seas"
Seraglio means inclosure, and the sui
tan's seraglio includes vast gardens and
the lovely oriental kiosk of Tschinili, said
to have been erected in the reign of
Mohammed the Conqueror and restored
by Murad III. 1t Is situated in the
lower part of the grounds under the hill
and has lovely pillared portico, domed
and walls lined with exquisite blue Per
sian tiles. Its doors are of ancient
bronze inlaid with mother of pearl, and
the whole palace speaks eloquently of
the bizarre effect delighted in by all orr
entails.
The selamik. or mems quarter. forms
the outer portion of all Moslem dwell
ings, be they palaces or the abode of
poverty, and the harem. or women's
quarters. is always entirely distinct
unsecluded apartments of the men.
Turkish harems IN the humber Mahom-
medan homes are simply modest rooms
in the second story of the dwellings,
provided with latticed blinds or grills,
through which the woman may look out
into the street. but through which it is
impossible to catch even a glimpse of
anything within.
The word 'harem' is Arabic for "pro-
hibited." as the feminine apartments
are prohibited even in the poorest Mos
lem homes to every man except the hus-
band and near relations 1t is only the
richest of Turks who has real harem
with many wives and their attendants,
like the sublime Porte's famous seraglfo
on the Bosporus. Today. the high cost Of
living is responsible for the fact that
the ordinary Moslem. even in Constanti-
nople. has to content himself with but
one wife.
It is said that twenty five of Turkey $
rulers have been imprisoned. murdered
or died mysteriously within the old
walls Of the seraglio. so very naturally
the sultans have been glad to remove
themselves and their harems from Sc
raglio point and the near vicinity of
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1914-12-07
Will APPROPRIATE s4,78O
FOR RELIEF OF PINE CAMP
Common Council Expected to Act
Favorably Tonight on Elmer.
gcncy Measure.
PASS ON EMPLOYMENT BUREAU
Amended Ordinance Provides Paid
Manager and Board Of Five. APP
pointed by Mayor, With Councils
Approval.

Tho Finance Committees emergency
appropriation for Pine Camp will come
up before the Common Council tonight
for passage. At the last meeting of
this body tho resolution was laid on
the table In accordance with tho rules
governing appropriation measures orig
mating outside the two Legislative
branches In regular session. The reso-
luton carries an appropriation Of
si.7S0.
II is regarded as certain that the
Common Council will vote the appro-
provided. $4,000 Is assigned for the ex-
penses Of the camp during the remain
der OF the present fiscal year, and $3.50
for the construction OF n main to con-
meet the property with the water sys-
TEN of Ginter Park. The failure OF
arteaian, wells upon which Pine Camp
has depended for Its water supply, has
placed tho authorities In an embarrass-
ing situation fraught also with much
danger to the patients. The introduc-
ton OF regular water supply will
cure this disability.
APPROVAL EXPECTED FOR
EMPLOYMENT BUREAU
The Council Will have before It to-
night also the ordinance which creates
the Public Employment Bureau of Rich
mond-another measure which II ia
expected. will be passed without oppo-
sltion. Industrial conditions in tho
city. 1t is pointed out. show conclu-
sively the need for a municipal agency
whose function 1t shall be to adjust
the inter-related demands Of employers
and workers. A city Intelligence Of
fee. 1t is believed. would go far in re-
ducing the number OF unemployed.
AS reported by the Ordinance Com
mittee. the ordinance provided for a
board of Ave members, to be elected
BY the Council from a list of ten sub
mitted by tho Mayor. which shall dI-
rect the bureau through paid man.
ager. The Finance Committee amend
ed the measure to provide a board of
FIVE appointed by the Mayor, subject
10 the approval OF the Council In this
form the ordinance will come UP for
passage.
The docket Is crowded with measures
carrying appropriations made necessary
by the demands of the recent .annexa-
tton. Tho meeting will be held in tho
chamber of the City Circuit Court OH
the second floor OF the City Hall.
where both branches OF the Council
are meeting pending the remodeling
and refurnishing of the regular Coun.
ell chamber on the third floor.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1914-12-07
ORGAN RECITAL

An organ recital will he given -,
night at $3.50 o'clock in st. Pasrs EMS
copal Church by F. Fiaxington Harker.
under the auspices of the virginia
1t VIII be the second recital given bV
menbers of the guild in this vicinity.
MT. Harker Is a recent addition to
the organist and choirmaster at ST,
Paul's. coming here several months
ago from Asheville. He was formerly
York Cathedral, England, under Ter
thus Noble. who is now in this country.
Ar. Harker Is an associate of the ROYAL
College of Organists OF England. and
a member OF the American Guild OF
Organists. He Ia q prolific composer
and arranger OF music
Following recital meeting of the
local chapter will be held. Leslie +.
Watson, dean OF the chapter, will pre-
side. All organists are Invited to re-
main for tho meeting.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1914-12-07
| PETERSBURG
MEMORIAL SERVICES
HELD IN PETERSBURG
Samuel l.. Kelley, OF Richmond,
Makes Annual Address Before
Cockade City Lodge.
RECORD OF BIRTHS AND DEATHS
Health Department Makes Report
for October-COlored Man, Cruslly
ed by Car, Dies of His Injuries.
Peaceful Church Services.
ESPECIAL to The Times-Diepatc h. ]

PETERSBURG, VA, December 6.-Pe-
tersburg Lodge OF Elks held Its an
nual memorial service in comemoration
OF the departed brethren OF the order
this afternoon In the Academy OF Music
In the presence OF a large gathering.
The members OF the lodge assembled at
the ElkB Home, and marched In line
to the Academy. The decorations in
the building were appropriate. and the
services very impressive. Since the
last memorial service two members
have passed away-John w. Hays and
prominent names among the departed
since the organization OF tho lodge.
They are all remembered In tho me-
mortal service. The officers OF the lodge
were all In position. and opened and
closed the exercises. with Esteemed
Leading knight ID. II. Wilcox, as mas
ter OF ceremonies
The opening prayer was offered by
the Rev. f. p. cambridge, and the clos
Ing prayed by the Rev. Richard Will
kinson. d. .. The fne musical pro-
gram embraced selections by the or
chestra, and vocal selections-solos and
quartets-by Petersburg's best talent.
The address, covering splendid ex-
position OF tho cardinal principles of
the order was delivered by Samuel L.
Kelley. OF Richmond.
Petersburg Lodge Is n large and pro-
@ oiS i@alioH, ano eHloTaceS
among Its members many OF the lead
Ing citizens of the community. 1t has
n handsome and completely equipped
homo on West Tabb Street, near the
post-of11ce. It's officers are; exalted
ruler BENJAMIN Harrison; esteemed
leading knight, d. H. Wilcox; esteemed
loyal knight. r. 7. Wilson; esteemed
lecturing knight. w. w. Townes: sec
rotary, L. l. Kidd: treasurer, j. Harry
Bailey; esquire. Ro. II. Kidd; chaplain,
DR.. q. Il. Reese; Inner guard. b. W.
Cooke; tyler, d. w, Branch.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1914-12-07
AIortuary ANA Birtb R.cord

The report Of the Health Department
for October shows n total of forty-one
deaths. including three nonresidents
during the month, thirteen among the
white and twenty-eight among the col
ored population. The rate OF mortality
among the white population was very
tow-only ten per 1000 per annum-
while that among the colored race was
high as usual, being thirty. The white
population exceeds the colored by sew
eral thousand. OF the decedents.
eleven were under five years OF age
and two were over eighty years Seven
deaths were certified by tho coroner
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1914-12-07
1VorshIped in Their ola Homo.

The anti-Tarttc faction OF the Harri-
son Street Colored Baptist Church, who
were given possession Of tho church
and property yesterday by decree OF
Judge West, presiding In the Hustings
Court, after many years OF litigation,
worshiped in that church to-day for
the first timc In seven years. During
these years tho Tartte faction was In
control OF the church, and the anti
Tarttites worshiped In another place
with pulpit supplies from Richmond
and other points. The church meeting
to-day was largely attended. and 1t was
in many respects one of glorihcation,
but everything passed off with order
and decorum. If wise consels prevail.
the two factions may be eventually
united, though the fight between them
has been long and bitter
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1914-12-07
To-Day and Tonight in
Richmond.

Common Council. monthly meeting.
City Hall o'clock
Council Finance Committee, to con-
slider municipal work for unemployed,
City Hall. 6 o'clock.
Council Street Committee. to con-
Hall, 8 o'clock.
Womans Club. lecture on Philan-
thropy, Miss Katharine H. Halves, pres.
ident Young Woman's Christian AS
ISOLATION. 4:30 o'clock.
National Vocational Guidance Asso-
citation. John Marshall High School s
o'clock.
ganists. st. Paul Episcopal Church, $50
o'clock.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1914-12-07
RS. KATE WALLER BARRETT
ORATOR AT ALEXANDRIA

Especial TO The Times Dispatch.l
ALEXANDRIA, VA. December g.
IS. Kate Waller Barrett, president
the National Council of Women, to-
ght delivered the annual memorial
dress before Alexandria Lodge of
ks. Jacob Brill. past exalted ruler
the lodge. delivered an address en-
led Our Order" Selections were
ven by quartet from the Episcopal
Geological Seminary.
Invocation was given by Rev. Edgar
.rpenter. rector OF Grace =. T..
iurch. and chaplain of the lodge, and
nediction was pronounced by Rev.
I'm Lee Allison, d. D., pastor of tho
cond Presbyterian Church. Five
smbers OF the lodge died during the
ar.