The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1914-04-16
MONROE DOCTRINE
FULLY EXPLAINED
Continued from page One)

1861 Benito Jaurez was President
of Mexico.
He instituted series of reforms, which
were directed chiefly against the Roman
Catholic Church. Out of thirty-six 1867
rulers, Jaurez was the first President of the
republic who was permitted to retain the
office to the end of the term for which he
was elected.
The governments of Great Britain, Spain
and France presented to the Jaurez admin
istration large claims for damages alleged to
have been suffered by their subjects in Mex
leo during these revolutions, which he re-
fused to pay. In 1862 the powers landed
troops at the port of Vera Cruz, but soon
after, the English and Spanish claims were
settled by diplomatic negotiations, and the
forces of those governments were at once
withdrawn. But Napolean III, refused to
accept the terms of settlement and, at the
solicitation of Mexican exiles in France,
declared war against the Jaurez government;
for the avowed purpose of establishing a
permanent monarchy there.
Although this government was involved
in the greatest war of modern times, Presi-
dent Lincoln Immediately asserted his adj
herence to the Monroe Doctrine and SOL
EMMY. protested against the invasion of the
American continent by European power.
After series OF engagements the French
army occupied the city of Mexico, and sum-
moned Congress of Notabes,'' to or
ganize government. This assembly pro-
claimed a hereditary monarchy, under a
Roman Catholic emperor, and the crown
was accepted by the Archduke Macmillan
of Austria, in 1868.
Lincoln Ultimatum.
At the close of the Civil War, the French
government was instructed as follows:-
First:-That the United States earnestly
desire to continue and cultivate sincere
friendship with France
| econd:-"That this policy will be
brought into immediate jeopardy unless
| France can deem it consistent with her in
terest and honor to desist from the prosecu-
ton of armed Intervention in Mexico to
overthrow the domestic republican govern
ment existing there, and to establish upon
its ruins, the foreign monarchy which has
been attempted to be inaugurated at the
capital of that country
To emphasize the declaration of this
government, General Sheridan was sent to
the southwestern frontier with large por-
ton of the army that had been engaged in
the Civil War, and on the 9Th of April,
1866, the French emperor ordered his troops
to evacuate Mexico. Being left to his own
resources the Inflated MAMMALIAN was soon
overcome. He appealed to Napoleon, to
Austria, and to the pope, without success,
and in June, 1867, was captured and shot.
The Northwestern Boundary dispute
likewise gave rise to some very earnest dis
| CuSSlonS In this country as to the appiCa-
ton of the Monroe doctrine; and the forci-
bic annexation of Canada and British Co.
lumbia to the United States was frequently
suggested, but it was maintained by the
conservative sentiment of the people, that the
spirit of the doctrine only applied to the
invasion of the American continent by
Euperean powers, and the extension, of
foreign authority, and as stated by Mr..
Monroe, not to the peaceable occupation of
| territory already occupied.
Again Invoked.
| The Monroe doctrine was again invoked
to protect the republic of Santo Domingo
against the designs of Spain. That island
upon which was established the first civil
lied government in the new world, was a
| Spanish colony until it was coded to France
in 1875, but in 1874 it achieved it's indie
pendence. In 1861 a revolutionary leader
overthrow the legitimate government, and
proclaiming himself dictator, invited Spain
to resume its ancient relations with the is
land. A few Spanish troops were sent over,
but the people of the republic applied to
The Uuited States for aid and protection.
The United States offered their sympathy
and gave remonstrance to the king of
Spain. AS result the Spanish army was
withdrawn from Santo Domingo in July,
1865, and the Santo Domincans proclaim
ed that ''the United Dominican people,
without regard to rank or color, have plant
ed the white cross of the republic on the
principle enunciated oy the Great Mother
of free nations, that America belongs to the
Americans, and we will endure all our trials
over again sooner than desert it.
The underlying principle of this doctrine
has become incorporated in the national
life, and it figures in the dispute whenever
foreign political interests are involved.
Thus it happens that in Mexico at the pres
ent time there are interests which are far
from being political affairs, such that this
government cannot we'll with dignity and
selt-respect interfere.
1t is extremely interesting and fascinating
therefore, to note the anxiety and impa-
thence with which France. Germany and
Great Britain exercise themselves over the
Mexican situation; and it has been suggest
ed by these powers whether it would be
advisable to ask President Wilson to take
some action to regulate the financial posi-
ton of Mexico.
Firm as the rocks of Gibraltar; enduring
as the peaceful influence of time, for good
or for evils the Monroe doctrine has been
adopted as the distinctively American poll
md ito tho IL &c
supported by that unerring and answering
tribunal of diStributiue iuStice-nuh bic nnin.