davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Irish standard. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn. ;) 1886-1920, 1914-03-21
EARLY IRISH SCHOOLS.
Education In Ancient ireland cIuno
To Religion.

AS the vine clings to the rope, so
education in ancient Ireland chung to
religion. True, few non-religious
schools existed, but normally and gen.
orally priests and monks were the
masters.
As to maintenance, three kinds of
schools, existed: those carried on by
the State at public expense; those con-
nected to monasteries, and private and
mostly professional ones.
Each of the five provinces had a
chief school, with lower ones affiliated
to it. They were free, being endowed
with property.
In the monastic schools not only
Scripture and divinity, but "the clas-
sizes, Gaelic grammar and literature,
history, arithmetic, astronomy, geome-
try and music" (Joyce) were taught.
Doctors were prepared by course
of IL years. AS there were no spac.
ious lecture halls as today, classes
were often held out of doors, or where
convenience dictated.
The languages used most commonly
were Gaelic and Latin.
From c. A. D. $50 on schools grew
fast and spread widely under the pro.
lection Of monasteries, as at Clonard,
Armagh, Bangor, Cashel, Downpatrick,
Glendalough, Glasnevin, etc.
Sometimes large numbers focked to
these schools. Three thousand were
at Clonard and others at one time.
Not only in numbers, but in the
variety of subjects taught, these
schools were the prototypes of the
medieval universities of the continent.
Indeed, scholars came from not only
England. but the mainland of Europe,
attracted by the fame of the Irish
masters. And though it is said they
came in "fleet-loads," yet they were
housed, fed and taught gratis. And
this 1900 years ago. How truly is
Ireland called the island Of Saints
and scholars"
The 9th and 10th centuries were
the golden days of the schools in
Ireland. But alas! then came the ter.
rible Danes. those ''black" men from
the sea. Monasteries were robbed,
books destroyed, monks and priests
martyred and schools moved.
Self-preservation being the first law
Of nature, books were discarded for
swords and battle axes. school rooms
and masters left for battlefields and
chieftain leaders.
Only after the death of Brian Boru
on the battlefield Of Clontarf. and
the succession Of Malachi to the king.
ship. was . partial peace restored.
\ Never again did Irish schools re.
gain their Leadership in the intellec:
tual lie Of Western Christisnity.-
Rey. Louis o'Donoyan in baltimore
Cathnlic Review.
The Irish standard. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn. ;) 1886-1920, 1914-03-21

ton? Had the vessel sunk that night,
the captains name would have been
flashed across the continent; you
would have read of the disaster at
your breakfast table, had someone
survived the disaster, you would have
read of the heroic work of the cap.
tain, but you would never have heard
of the unknown sailor whom I have
described. Perhaps some little cabin
along the shore, where candle would
burn long into the night, where wife
or children would be waiting for one
who would never come, would suffer
the loss.
While two-thirds of Irish people pro-
fess the Catholic faith, their apprecia.
ton has never been limited to men
of that faith. Grafton. who raised his
voice in protest against the represen-
tatives Of Ireland's voting away their
Parliament; Robert Emmett, who gave
his life for his country, and Wolff
Tone were Irish Professionals whose
memories are honored by all Irishmen.
Tonight we contemplate a glorious
year for Ireland, the Irish Parliament
Party under the peerless leader, John
Redmond, and Joseph Devlin the
successor of the great O'Connell, are
within reach of the goal for which the
Irish have been fighting for over a
century. The leaders have stormed
the heights; nothing must detach the
main body of supporters. Some of
the leaders like the gallant Patrick
Ford fell in the last advance. The
memorable victory is but a few
months distant. We shall see the Irish
Parliament of which the people of
Ireland were robbed by an unconstitu-
tional method in 1900, restored to it's
people; We shall see the great Irish
leaders in the English Parliament
once again, standing on their own soil
legtslating for their own people; we
shall see the nation rising once more
in the full possession of all it's pow
ers; we shall see her rivers and her
harbors filled with ships, re-establish-
ing her commerce with all nations;
we shall see the genius of ireland
rise, expressing itself in its own lands
as it has in every other land. With
this new life, Ireland-Ireland reborn,
springs to her feet with all the
strength and grace of youth still clad
in all her ancient glory with a crown
on her head, but with added Jewels to
that crown, and the diadem on her
forehead sparkling in the morning sun,
the pride of her children and the
glory of the earth.
The Irish standard. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn. ;) 1886-1920, 1914-03-21

Waverly, Minn.-On last Monday
ME. Thomas Calvin, one of the most
4 gJjeGpected citizens Of this community
10 buried from st. Mary's Church
SIhe following gentlemen were pail
I SIailers: Mr.. James Padden. VIM
Inn. John McNeely. John Meehn
n nS 1tansy and James Quinn. Father
+ oOss, after explaining the signih.
IiIiIil,s 81 of the funeral rites. paid an
IlI1IiS y, u tribute to the memory Of
I1iIs II assd, acterising him as a
10Y evont Catholic. one who has
Wy consideration Of those
1I11g G 3i1i NJ him the glorious exam
S u = aniinsls Of Integrity and of
y sd 3 aition Of the church
|311fSi "a ing sPurgAtory merit,
(fl1Ila N md prayer Tor
The Irish standard. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn. ;) 1886-1920, 1914-03-21
CONTINUED from Page ~

members of your society in America
animated alone by the pure spirit OF
Christianity, and still conducting them.
selves as the faithful subjects of our
free government, enjoy every temporal
and spiritual felicity"
Upon the death of Washington
Seulogies were pronounced from every
Catholic pulpit in the United States
and funeral services were held in their
respective churches on February %
1880, in commemoration of Washing
toni. A. c., in The Kentucky Irish
American.
The Irish standard. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn. ;) 1886-1920, 1914-03-21

Coos Bay, Ore, for Portland. We left
Coos Bay about 6 o'clock in the eve
ming, and going across the bar, our
vessel struck the bottom. It was not
until midnight when the sea became
heavy and the winds whistled around
the corners and the electric lights
went out that the passengers realized
that the vessel was filling with water.
There was an awful scene on board,
men and women rushed backward and
forward, half crazed at the thought of
sudden death. The men worked hard
controlling the large boat, threw over
board many articles and toiling at the
heavy ropes. The forenoon of the next
day, with the assistance of a favorable
wind, we landed safely at the docks
which we had left the night before.
The scene was the most impressive
one, men and women gathered around
the captain and his officers and show
cred them with compliments and gifts.
As I was leaving the vessel looked
deep into the pit below and there,
lying on great coil Of wet ropes, lay
one of the rough sailors. His arms.
were bare. displaying his muscles, his
wet clothes chung close to his body,
and he lay In sleep akin to death.
I do not want to deprive the captain
and his ofncefs Of one bit Of honor
which they received, but asked: Did
not the man who toiled all night long
fat the ropes, Who labored at the en.
lgine. deserve some word Of commenda.
spss ~->-.~ - a
The Irish standard. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn. ;) 1886-1920, 1914-03-21


literature, education and religion.
In science we have Robert Fulton,
inventor of the steam engine, who rev.
olutionized transportation; Samuel
Morse, inventor of the telegraph; Nc.
Cormick, who, in the invention of the
binder, supplanted the cradle and
made possible the utilization of mil
lions Of acres. In medicine and surgery
we have DR.. John B. Murphy of Chi
cago; DR.. James Walsh Of New York,
and that earlier pioneer in medicine
and surgery, DR.. Emmett.
In arts, sculpture, painting and mu-
sic the American Celtic minds have
been prolific. Launt Thompson was
born in Queens County, Ireland. His
statues of General Winfield Scott at
the Soldiers Home in Washington, Of
Napoleon the I. at the Metropolitan
Art Museum in New York and Of Abra-
ham Pierson. the first president of
Yale University are works Of art which
entitle the creator to high place in
American sculpture. John ]. Boyle
created the statue Of 1.-THE Alarm" in
Lincoln Park, Chicago, and 1.-THE Stone
Age" in Philadelphia; was the first
master to put the case of the Ameri-
can Indian in sculpture. There was
another, perhaps the greatest of all
American sculptors, Augusta st. eau.
Aens. His mother was native Of
Dublin, where Gaudens was born. He
vas the first to give American sculp..
ture a Individuality Or its own, and
to wrench It from the deminations q
The Irish standard. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn. ;) 1886-1920, 1914-03-21
ST. PAUL

REeteF: 3; Rsx: John J. Isxl.r: 5. B. s.
9 p sois%n hixa % m.:s 1tS g
ton. p. m. ' 'e'AA'A qua 'ea'e
p. st. i 5ogs a{ eas: Virginia and Carroll.
ton ct p. m. - 1 A4's''
,,; AAssssu1RT1oN Germany. Franklin ana
a:::s. & SIS. 81! ssseane Is 2 e to-: LEI
ma.s a, and sermon. II .. m: vaspsis ana
0essTfa 81 ASk;i : P. q qa;..u..,
Thomas. Rev: Anthony osul,nn. ' Ds.to ase
an oT . mansss. so. & $50 = n; re mas
txiS on ! 1:1s p. m: vespeis and benedie-
st: ADnLB1RTs -lPolish), Charles
mass. q M: high mass and ssrmSn
n n 4 M; YesDsrs and bensdiction. 3
st. AMBRosE's (ztalian), Seventh
and Bradley. Rev. Albert A. Compsrini.
ia to .s-,ooH 1t q. M; high mass
stFests' Rev. Thomas A. Printon. pastor
Ana s.r masss: ct :. . q. M; hiSh mas
straetoa snd seaadict,o M Il s!gs e.
ST. .AUGUsTME's. South st. p..l
end instruction (for chiidren) at .. m.:
s SGmeay scnool following; high mass and
6snedietiont At 7:se p vs Is. sermon and
n,s 81: B sna Sal German. Alber.
w: VS. .: m 8. R;.nD 1iorLSw .masss.
$50 p f H.: sssD.1 lSs sad T. e1s:
=. 'ss'S f Il Re!'.h9 5s...n,s.
pastorlLox masses at s =. M. SisS
st and sermon at 1880 q. m; vespers
st: FRANCIS DE SALES German,
vest Seventh and James. Rev. Franci:
n: heh mass at II a a. N NJ. . v e;Se:
Holy IIeY9soi RSpEE s. l;ao t m n.x
ESomualdo Balducci, pastor. Sixth sni
e. Peter stseet.sE7Low mas; at $50 and
o. ~; JAMES: Juno and View. Rev. J.
high mass g and sermow mas, at q. M;
cay school at . p. M; vespers ana benz.
rb ST; JOHNS PIN Forest and Fifth. Rev.
8 and 9 a. M; high mass and instruction. sS I'll
At 81 = q; his m; sbensdiction e ; p. M.
7:So paas ss0 mass mess and instruction at
R:ri fae rSssned sa%n, Ct s1a &;eto,,.
Rev: Thomas Gibbons. pastor 1c o Hac1 mas:
Ct 2. s. 8. 10. lchiidren's mass .. m na.:
acRoo ma ies and sermon: Il a. M Sunday
81 ga MARk%!s. Dayton and Moore. Rev.
at f'sDn $50 co o. ni Ps5stor@Lox sss
men: n vespera. ss aer msss ana ana b ss5-
s se rs &4 IS Ninth and Locust. n.v:
l. -. 10 q: M: high mass and sermon
e. a!ao - a; m; vespers and benediction It
sT; MATTHEW'S Germany. Ropl.
ma mass bi ct $50; 8. ego !eeiidIens %ass5 :.
vs:na nren M mass "a and sermon at II a. m;
ST: P&TR1cK2s. e Kew. Il Miehkps 2; q Quinn.
Passtor-Low mass at z, $3.50. $50 q. M:
n DEs m and b end sermon at M YES:
ST; PETER cLAvER's.' AIrora and
sarr1ngton avenues. Rev. Stephen The
Sunday sehooD rb mass mass. fol- By
1880 g. m; vespers and benedietion At
A4 gASRE E.1 T va5sE,S{ss Sixth .na
PPa :sn 1sT,I mass and instruction ct 8.
mass mas. and ic sermen a. mqass) a. M high
Vesper 8 and bensd Sethste q
.r ST: ssT4AN1sLAus lBohemian>. Vest
f forL ana 40 superior Rev: John Rynd. pas.
and sermon at Ii a. m: INSTRUCTION ma at
p. M; vespers and benediction at $3.50
ST. y1NcENTs. Blair and Virginia.
Rev: Timothy Crowley. pastorSLoW
sermon at II: vespers and benediction at
$3.50 p. m. -
CHURCH OF ST. THOMAS. st. Pau;
Park-Mass at 10 a. m. "~'
st. AdaIbert's (Polish), Charles street.
Eev. Peter Roy. pastor. Residence 2e3
st. MIchaeI's, Rev. Patrick o'Neill. mas.
tor. Residence 4s Colorado street east.
The Irish standard. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn. ;) 1886-1920, 1914-03-21
GO TO PEARCE'S, BE-
TWEEN 9TH AND 9TH
ON NICOLLET FOR La
DIES AND CHILDREN'S
WEAR.

The reliability Of the testimonials
published by US for Pastor Koenig's
Nerve Tonic is particularly proved
thereby. that the company offers to
pay 500 to a benevolent institution
for any one testimonial not being gen.
uine.
The Koenig Med. Co.
The Irish standard. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn. ;) 1886-1920, 1914-03-21

He said he preferred to give me the
order to anyone else, and told him
then to go and see If he could get it
elsewhere, and if he could not to come
back and would do the best I could
for him. gave him back his money
and told him to go to Mr.. Williams,
and he would see him right, which he
subsequently did. Mr.. Williams pro-
vided the funeral and the coffin with
out any difficulty. There was no secre-
cy or trouble about the matter"
The second statement is that when
the dead man was carried to his grave
there were unseemly and hostile
demonstrations. an eftigy of the dead
man was hung up, horns were blown,
jeering faces Knocked from behind
hedges" The parish priest, the Rev.
Patrick Tracey, of Kilmurry, who off,
eiated at the funeral, the Rev. Michael
Cotter, curate, who assisted him at
the funeral, and who also attended
the dying man; Denis Reilly, the
brother of the dead man; and John
Shea, who drove the hearse, have all
made declarations before a Justice of
the peace disproving in every par.
ticular this revolving story published
by Mr.. Long. Mr.. Redmond quotes
the declaration referred to, and adds:
Il think need say nothing further
to disprove this story of 'atrocious
persecution for which Mr.. Walter
Long is good enough to say 'Mr. John
Redmond has made himself personally
responsible than that he revived an
old story which grossly misrepresented
facts by alleging a motive of religious
persecution. and that every single new
statement to which he has lent his
name is proved to be maliciously un-
true. I may add that am sure he
has been imposed upon"
IAN Ulster Parade"
The Unionist Press of London makes
Splash" over the parading of 200
men of the Enniskillen Horse and
their mounted band. We are informed
that "the regiment was under the COM
mand of Mr.. w. Copeland Trimble, J..
p. the commander, and the Hon. Com.
mander, Colonel Wookmartin, aide-de-
camp to the King, was also on parade"
The report does not make clear, as is
necessary just now in reports from
Ulster whether the "Hon. Com
mander" is aide-de-camp to King
George or to King" Edward Carson.
1t is question whether even Unionist
old women now swallow these cooked
reports from "Ulster," where Mr..
Trimble and his devices for self-adver-
tisement are familiar. Mr.. Trimble
may be very valiant commander, but
of the Unionists returned in the re-
cent municipal elections in Ennis
killen, he was at the foot of the poll.
In those elections, too, the Nationalists
secured majority, and Enniskillen is
now a Home Rule municipality.
The Irish standard. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn. ;) 1886-1920, 1914-03-21

The Koenig Med. Co.
The Irish standard. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn. ;) 1886-1920, 1914-03-21

Richard Kingston, OF K1lmurry, Co.
Cork, took an evicted farm and was
boycotted in consequence. The Union.
ist sought to make out that he was
boycotted because he was a Protes-
tant. This was disproved two years
ago, and Mr.. Redmond said that, If
any case of persecution or boycott of
Protestant, as such. in Ireland, could
be pointed out, he would himself go
and denounce it, and use all possible
influence to put it down. But no such
case exists. Now, however, Mr.. Wal
ter Long, M. p, ex-Tory Chief secre-
tary for Ireland, comes forward with
letter to the papers, in which he al
leges two new facts" which Mr.. Red
mond says he never heard of before.
The first "fact" is that quite recent
ly the one employee who stood by Mr..
Kingston died. The undertaken in
Macroom. J. p, refused to furnish a
CONN.," Mr.. Redmond quotes. in re-
ply, the declaration Of Mr.. John Fitz-
gerald. J. p, Of Macroom. the under
taker in question, dated February
22nd, 1914, in which he states that:
"On the 9th day Of January, 1914,
Mr.. Thomas Cotter called at my shop
In Macroom, and gave IN order to my
wife for . comm for man named
Daniel Reilly and paid for same. I
heard Cottsr had been in the shop.
and I sent for him and told him that
I could not have the conn for 1 O'Clock
the next day % required, q I was
very basy and had otAsf eeleEs on
hand which must b dealt With nrst
The Irish standard. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn. ;) 1886-1920, 1914-03-21

GO TO PEARCE's, BE-
TWEEN 9TH AND 9Th
ON NICoLLET FOR La
DIES AND cIIILDREN's
WEAR.
The Irish standard. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn. ;) 1886-1920, 1914-03-21
$500 PRIZE,


Gold will be awarded to any student
Of either sex who submits the cIearest
and most comprehensive paper on the
following subject:
1.-THE TIME is NOW RIPE FOR
THE CATHOLIC MEDICAL MIS-.
sIoNER IN THE FAR EAST"
Manuscripts must be in the hands
Of the judges not later than July 1,
1914.
The attention of competitors is
called to the following:
1. Manuscripts should contain not
more than 5000 nor less than 1000
words.
Q. Illustrations may be used.
3. The points to be covered may
include:
(a) The need Of physicians;
(b) Why women physicians are es.
pecially desirable;
(c) Personal qualities necessary
for medical missioners;
(d) The relation of a physician to
the Superior of the mission in which
he labors;
(e) Compensation for services;
(f) How medical work could be or
gained;
(g) Protestant medical missions;
CHI Suggestions for rousing in
American Catholics interest in this
need;
O The means of support for ply
sicians and dispensaries.
4. Readers desiring further infor
nation are advised, by our correspon.
dent, to consult THE FIELD AFFAIR
files Cor those of other mission peri.
odicals), their own priests, Catholic
editors generally, and Public Libra.
ries.
S. Manuscripts should be in the
hands of the judges not later than
July 1, 1914.
Address PHYSICIAN" Care Mary.
knoll, Ossining p. O., N. Y.
Sinsinawa, VISA special musical
program was given at Saint Clara Col.
lege on March II. The Irish song re.
cital included the following numbers:
Has Sorrow Thy Young Days Shaded
Misses Gunnis, Meagher, Blum, Beal,
Tanguey, Madigan, Moonan, Fischer,
Kearney, Mueller, Ziegler, Watkins,
Hodnett, O'Brien, Rohan, Ruelle.
The Dear Little Shamrock. ........
Miss M. Meade
When Shall the Day Break in Erin?.
Miss F. Higgins
Farewell, My Gentle Harp. ........
Miss A. Mueller
Sweet Eileen ashore. Miss p. Payne
Irish Lullaby .......... Miss H. Nee
The shoogy-Shoo -. Miss r. Fischer
Mother Machree -. Miss K. PelletieI
Eileen ALBANIA $500. Miss L. Hanlon
Macushla ....... Miss X. Watkins
ATS the Air Of You
b.-Avourneen ....... Miss L. Gunnis
ireland, Love You. ...............
Misses Gunnis. Fischer, Hodnett,
Watkins
Hymn to Saint Patrick
The Anderson intelligencer. [volume] (Anderson, S.C.) 1914-1917, 1914-09-25
BRITISH AEROPLANEs
ATTACK ZEPPELiNS
(By Associated ppress.)

London. Sept. 24.-Two squadrons
Of British naval airmen made a dar-
ing raid yesterday from Belgium
against tile Gerpan Zeppelin airship
basis at Dusseldorf. and Cologne. The
attack at Dusseldorf was officially
reported as having been successful.
Lieutenant G. II. Collett dropped three
bombs there on Zeppelin shed.
sveoping down to within 400 feet Of
his target
E The attack Of Cologne apparently
failed, hs the official announcement
uGus not mention it, An antwerp
paper, however, says four bombs fell
an the zeppelin camp at Piokerdorf
and sets fire t0 theg hangers. M
:.a Tha suuhdronH niakinga raid Into
Germany are believed to have con-
sisted Of fivef fReroplaneB. The novel
oxpedltf tfon started from an unmen-
toned base. The weather. vps misty,
which = ssited In the secrecy OF; the
air fleets ttss0soh 10 the o. Intended
scene OF operation, It, Is thought In
some circles. that weather conditions
caused D hitch in plans anl It is pos
sibfet that two bombs dropped on the
Dutch town OF 'Maastricht, near the
German border, Tuesday. from mys-
tertous aircraft. may have come from
'one OF the British filters. No fatalities
resulted from the explosions in Mas.
tricht, 81, {. .'ft'I' =
The Anderson intelligencer. [volume] (Anderson, S.C.) 1914-1917, 1914-09-25
ADOPT, MEASURE
TO X cURTA.IIL II CROP
Georgia Farmters A i, WIN, Go To the
= Pen E q. e 7 They. I, Z Do 9 Not vi Gu
st Acreage 1t5f.

u.
Macon, Ca, ssptse as Thle 81 Georgia q
chamber Of scomn16fc6 III annual sea-
sion here today stood solidly behind
e movement to. limit cotton biantine
In the state iiext year to ten! Z acres
for each farmer and allowing & way
to imprison farmers who fail 10 re-
duce their crop. It sfs believed gsntis-
factory curtailment Of the crop would
thus be assured 81
;s. The plan was proposed In a resoiu-
tion, presented by United States hIdf-
shal John A. Davis. of Atlanta sug-
gesfing that each county be incurpdr-
nted under a charter which would
provide that at least sJ7S spnr cent of
the TURNER'S shall sigh nm afrSenehti
thut they will plant in more than ten
aSres or cotton dtf.nE "a 5. G is.s 1hSfs
ter md FORM or 2c0hff ffad dt ligps sbt resent
ed With the res6lnti8 III 8 fcf1 was inti.
opted after a Short Discus Si6pss Id sis
provided In the charter ind sYSTiil bf
contract and form of S0Htract not
any farmer who SlulateS tbs contract
may She en- Joined inS sths state courts,
and failing to heed the h1uhct Hon may
The Is,lys .ssls I; aBysmsht svss'
endorsed.
The Anderson intelligencer. [volume] (Anderson, S.C.) 1914-1917, 1914-09-25

VERY SEVERE
GERMAN COMMANDER HAS
STRICT RULES LAID
DOWN
DEATH Il. PENALTY
Failure To Comply With Certain
laws, Means Death To the I
Offender .
:, (By Associated Press.)

London, Sept 23.-(0:3O y. m.)-
The official press bureau tonight made
public the copy OF proclamation
said to have been issued by Major
Dieckmann. commanding the general
forces OF the Germans in the com
mune Of Grivegnee. n suburb of
Eiege. The proclamation ordered all
inhabitants to giye<up arms Or ex-
piosives. saying:
Whoever does not do this will be
liable to penalty OF death; he will be
ecuted unless lie can prove he Is not
to blame.
The Inhabitants OF the commune arc
ordered to be indoors at nightfall and
to keep their doors shut Resistance
10 orders" the proclamation says,
entails penalty of DEATH"
The proclamation continues:
when domciliary visits are made
all rooms must be thrown open OH
summons. All opposition will be
severely punished"
After stating that inhabitants of
certain villages will be permitted to
return to their homes. the proclama
tion says the burgomaster must fur
nish list of persona who are to be
kept as hostages and the list Is to be
changed every day.
THE lives OF these hostages" says
the proclamation, ARE at stake IL the
population does not keep quiet under
all circumstances. 1 shall select, out
side the lists given me, persons who
from noon OF one day to noon of the
next day will have to stay as hos
tages. II relieving hostage does not
appear punctually, the first hostage
will be detained another "a hours in
the fo6t. After the second twenty
four hours he may be shot If his sub
stitute does not appear.
I'm the first. class among the hos
tages will be placed the priests, bur-
gomasters and members OF the admin
istratioE5 Of communes. require
that all civilians moving about In my
sphere Of command shall show, re-
spect to. the German officers by taking
off the hat and bringing their hands
to their ilead5 inqmilitary salute. liss
I'm any case Of doubts whether: any
one is az ot.1csr any German soldier
should be saluted, :,Anysone failing
In this mustsexpect a GarManas ief.
to4lexact respect from e;him by any
methcd." B, $40, ( - sys,i
tOsher SECTIONS say 7As person faflt.g
without delay to obey ,an order to.
hold up. his hand isSiliable to- death.
The same. penalty is fixed for any one,
except soldiers. entering the grounds
of headquarters between dusk and
de-wn or for false news which might
injure the moral Of the army. a;;,g 80
''While by. the above directions In
habitants are menaced with severe
penalty II they break these rules, the
proclamation says In conclusion, i"they
may. IL they conduct themselves peace.
ably. count on benevolent protection
and succor ON all occasions when
they may be wronged."