davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Madisonian. (Richmond, Ky.) 1913-1914, 1914-03-31
WITH ROUGH TIMBER
EXAMPLE OF EXCELLENT RAIL
ROAD CONSTRUCTION WORK.
Estimates Show That Cost Was About
Half of What 1t Would Have Been
if Dressed Lumber Had
Been Used.

An example of the extent to which
rough timber can sometimes be used
in the construction of railroad spurs
or temporary lines is given in the re-
Gently completed extension of the
Ruskin-Stave Falls in British Column
bia. About 100000 feet board measure
of hewed and rough timber were used
in crib and trestle work on this ex-
tension, which is $500 feet long and
cost about $4,000.
The line follows along a very steep
side hill in loose, sliding earth ana
required large amount of retaining
wall construction. The heavy timber
growth was, therefore, utilized to good
advantage, and cribs and trestles were
built from cedar timber cut on the
right of way or adjacent thereto. The
cribs were built up as the grading
and sleeper slopes it was found con-
venient to terrace them in one or
more sections.
Several trestles we're required at
ravine crossings, and in order to give
greater stability to these structures
timber crib foundations were built
wherever the footings came on sloping
ground. The road is of standard gauge
and was built on a uniform grade of
5 per cent, compensated, with a maxi
mum curvature of Is degrees.
The timber on one trestle totals
$4,000 feet board measure. Including
engineering supervision, the structure
cost S975.75. The amount Of timber
used in this trestle, If bought from the
mill as dimension lumber at the regu-
lar rate Of $50 per 1000 feet board
measure would have come to $1,180,
while a probable addition cost Of $3.50
for erecting would have brought the
total up to about twice the amount
actually expended on the structure.
The timber crib in another place
contains 41,000 feet board measure,
and cost in place 1910, or about $24
per 1000 feet board measure. This
cost is considered somewhat higher
than the average on the work. due to
the very soft earth encountered at
this point.
In making a I'LL near the lower end
of the line a rough timber trestle 500
feet in length, with an average height
of % feet and maximum height of
80 feet, was built at cost of So per
foot, including ties and Sc pound rails.
This structure was only used until
the FIJI was graded for permanent
roadbed, and its heaviest loading was
e. 12-ton dinkey engine with three g.,
ton Qoaded) dump cars.
The Madisonian. (Richmond, Ky.) 1913-1914, 1914-03-31
EASILY SEEN BY ENGINEER
Illuminated Semaphore Signals Tried
and Approved by German
Railroads
proVements.

Illuminated semaphore signals,
equally efficient by day as well as by
night, have been proposed many
tunes and have been the subject of
several Patents. The idea has been
trled In this country, says the Engi-
neerlng News, and signal of this
class has been in use for about two
and half years in the classification
yard of the Prussian state railways
at Tempelhof, near Berlin. 1t is said
tnat 1t has given good results in ordi-
nary weather and also during fogs,
and that the operating costs are
small.
The signal has long blade or arm
plVoted at the middle and bent to a
parabolic curve. The blade consists
OF a long narrow mirror, while q
smaller mirror curved in the opposite
direction gives the back or reverse
indication. In each case, a lamp
placed in the focus of the parabola
furnishes the illumination. 4 plat
form at the top of the signal mast
serves for maintenance of mirror and
lamp. The large mirror has a focal
length of four feet, and other dimen-
slons found to be the best by expert,
ment. The rejecting face is coated
with aluminum-bronze paint but the
surface is not polished, as diffusing
action is thought best, A small para
boiic reflector behind the lense serves
70 throw all the light upon the signal
arm.
The signal is lighted with acety-
lene gas, fed from steel tank at the
foot of the mast. but any other form
of lighting could be used.
The Madisonian. (Richmond, Ky.) 1913-1914, 1914-03-31
FORAGE POISONING

In bulletin on forage poisoning,
E. w. Mumma, veterinary department,
Kentucky Agricultural Experiment
Station, says:
) In the last two months numerous
letters have been received from farm
ers reporting the presence of this dis
ease in very virulent form, resulting
in the loss of large numbers of ami
mails,
"The cause of this disease is closely
related to the feed. In the majority of
outbreaks observed in the Blue Grass
section and along the Ohio River coun-
ties, where it has been most prevalent,
the cause is attributed to moldy or in
ferior ensilage, Samples of ensilage
have been received at the Experiment
Station for detailed study, and DR., H,
Garman reports the presence OF nolds
which are considered the cause of for
age poisoning in one of the middle
western states,
THE disease has occurred more
commonly in horses and mules where
ensilage was the principal feed. En-
silage of a high grade can be fed to
horses and mules with both safety and
profit, but when tainted or inferior,
ensilage should be fed very sparingly
to any class of live stock. Cattle, how
ever, are not so subject to it's Ill eff
fects as are horses and mules The
practice of feeding ensilage to the lat
ter must be carried on with care, and
careful inspection of the ensilage must
be made at each feeding time in order
to discard all inferior portions. 1t
should not be fed early in the morn
ing or late in the evening when it is
impossible to detect the spoiled and
inferior feed.
There seems to be but little doubt
that this trouble could be wholly elm.
mated; or partially so, by the correct
construction of the silo, as a majority
of the outbreaks have occurred where
the silo was Improperly built. All silos
should be covered. The silo expert
may not concede that this is essential
| but our observations lead us to believe
that this is an excellent precaution
Any growth of molds or decompositio4
In the upper layers Of the silage VII
be carried downward by rain and. con
tinue to spoil the ensilage.
The elimination of the l0Sses. which
this year will approximate 5000. 90
lies therefore, in prevention Som
outbreaks nave occurred following tn
feeding of moldy corn or hay, all O
which must Be discarded and dc
stroyed if the loss is to be entirel
prevented. Animals suffering fron
forage Poisoning do not as rule re
spond readily to treatment This wa
shown in the outbreak Of 1912, whe
only 81 cattle were saved from the 13
affected; LAT horses out of 612 affec
ed; 16 mules out of lis affected. o
, the appearance of the disease con
. plete change of feed and quarters
quite essential, and each anims
should be given a laxative to rid tn
, intestinal canal of its contents an
prevent the development of othe
cases."
The Madisonian. (Richmond, Ky.) 1913-1914, 1914-03-31

destroyed by American Foul Brood,
and does not commonly draw out in
long threads. The cells containing
diseased lyrilbs are rarely capped
The odor from dead grubs is common
ly not very noticeable. Both drone
and queen grubs are attacked.
Treatment For Disease.
Experience shows that foul brood
may be suppressed, at least for time,
by the simple practice of removing
the bees to clean hive in the frames
of which are narrow strips of founda-
ton. If all the brood is not out OF
the cells at the time, it can be brush
ed before the new hive later, or can
be kept in a colony reserved for the
purpose until it energies.
The infected combs should be de
stroyed (rendered) by heat, if neces-
sary by burning. and the hive should
be thoroughly dfsnched, after scraping
away all propolis and comb, inside and
out, with a two per cent solution OF
formalin. Any honey present should
be boiled thoroughly, or destroyed,
The frames may well be burned. All
tools used should be carefully disin-
fected with formalin before using
them on other hives. Those engaged
in inspecting colonies can not be too
careful about these matters when go
ing from one colony to another.
Queens May Be Medium.
There is some difference of opinion
among those who study bee diseases
as to the possibility of conveying foul
brood by means of bought queens.
Many practical beekeepers and queen
rearers claim that these diseases are
never SO conveyed. People who have
bought queens sometimes claim that
they have introduced the disease in
this way. The fact appears to be that
they are not commonly conveyed by
means of queens, and the postofice
regulations bearing upon the matter
imply that if the candy used in the
cages in which the queens are ship
ped is boiled, queens do not convey
foul brood even when taken from in
fected colonies.
The subject must be regarded as
open for discussion" however.
pickle brood" and some other OBJ
scure diseases are not at present well
enough understood to warrant any
very positive statements concerning
them.
Note.-A State Beekeepers' Associa-
tiOn orpani1ad Of tho TTnivorcifv lon
uary 9, 1914, has for one of its objects
the control of the spread of foul brood
in Kentucky. Those interested in this
and other matters relating to beekeep-
ing should join. Section VI of the
Constitution adopted reads: ANY per-
sons interested in beekeeping may be
come an active member of the Asso-
citation by paying the annual. dues of
fifty cents
The Madisonian. (Richmond, Ky.) 1913-1914, 1914-03-31
Development.

a, side view of larVa; b, back of larVa;
and d, views of pupa; e, cocoon.
: The Green June Bugs tAllerhina
nitida) on one occasion worried a coll
ony of mine by attempting to pass
the guard at the entrance. Their thick
crust seemed to protect them against
the stings, and after being rolled from
the alighting board by gang OF an
cry bees, they came back and tried
again. Narrowing the entrance and
destroying the BEETLES by hand served
after time to put stop to the at
tack The occasion for their peculiar
behavior seemed to be the nearness of
the hives to a mass of decaying vege-
table matter in which the BEETLES de-
veloped.
A good many enemies besides those
mentioned are known, but they are
not much feared by good beekeepers.
Prevention, keeping colonies strong,
in good hives, etc., are sufficient pre-
cautions against most of them.
Among the Diseases.
The diseases known as Foul Brood
are quite a different matter, and the
very mention of foul brood is likely to
rasp the nerves of the best of beekeep-
ers. Two different diseases are known
by this name, one being designated
American Foul Brood, the other, Euro.
pean Foul Brood, Both are germ dis
eases, carried by rod-shaped bacteria
which attack the brood and infect the
treated or destroyed to get rid of the
faint
The two diseases may be described
as follows:
American Foul Brood.
Grubs light brown at first. becoming
dark brown at an advanced stage OF
the disease. A small stick thrust into
the body of such a grub when with
drawn brings with it string of gluey
matter which may reach a length OF
an inch or more before breaking. The
cells in which are diseased grubs are
capped, the caps being sunken and
broken finally. A decided gluey odol
is given off by dead grubs. Drone and
queen grubs are less subject to the
disease than those of workers.
European Foul Brood.
The grubs are attacked atsan earliel
stage than in American Foul Brood
and those attacked become restless
and are marked with a yellow spo
near the head end. They become en-
tirely yellow later, and then brown
finally black. The substance of tn
dead bodies is less gluey than in thos
The Madisonian. (Richmond, Ky.) 1913-1914, 1914-03-31

A powerful industrial locomotive,
using gasoline for motive power, is In
use on the lake front in Chicago, haul
ing cars of dirt for filling in where
improvements are contemplated. A
steel frame is built inclosing the
wheels, which are 80 inches in diane
ter The engine, which is narrow
gauge, has width of four feet eight
inches, and is twelve feet four inches
long. It's height is but seven feet six
inches, as it is used in an Industrial
tunnel, and it weighs seven tons. The
short wheel base, four feet, enables it
to make sharp turns, and it has been
found to be sturdy little worker,
adapted both to the outside tracks
with heavy grades, and to the tunnel
The Madisonian. (Richmond, Ky.) 1913-1914, 1914-03-31
GOOD THINGS TO REMEMBER.


When cracks in painted floor are
to be filed with putty, it is well to
paint the cracks before putting In the
putty. to make the latter stick.
If an obstinate case of nose bleed,
take strip of white paper, roll INTO
a small ball and place ON the gums
close under the upper lip. Moisten
the paper before placing it, and then
press the lip down firmly. The pres
sure viii usually stop. the bleeding at
once.
Ants will be externinated if small
amount of tartar emetic is kept near
the place where they come in or
around the places they frequent. 1t is
a poison, so should be kept away from
children and pets.
A grated Irish potato bandage
placed over the eyes at night will cure
a simple Inflammation.
To keep the corners of rngs down,
place a strip of stout cloth and
piece of mending tissue between it and
the back of the rug; press with a hot
iron. The rug will stay ip place il
nicely treated.
When there is hole in the bottom
of a slipper which needs early atten-
tion,t place a piece of the top of
shoe, cut a little larger, in the sole
with glue. Wear piece of paper over
the place to keep the stocking from
sticking until it gets set.
A little water in the tubs or pals
will keep them from falling to pieces.
Some kinds of bed spreads make
fine wash cloths or may be cut into
small silence cloths for a lunch table,
A saucer of leftover preserves may
be thickened with little gelatin, a
bit of lemon juice added and whipped
cream, and delicious dessert is the
result
Brooms should be hung or rested
on the handles, as standing on the
straw spoils the straw.
The onion which is left over from
today's dinner may be pressed through
a sieve and served in tomorrow's meat
sauce.
Tea leaves should be squeezed dry
and saved to use on the carpet or rugs
when sweeping. They not only
brighten the carpet and keep the dust.
down, but make sweeping easier.
Cold boiled or baked fish may be,
made into a most appetizing salad.
Add chopped cabbage, celery or a
pickle or two, for something sour. A
sour apple finely chopped is an addi-
ton.
The Madisonian. (Richmond, Ky.) 1913-1914, 1914-03-31
The Pattern
Of Service
By REV. L W. cosNEIL
Assistant to the Dean
Moody Bibls Institute. Chicaao

TEXT-"And they bring unto him one
that was deaf, and had an impeachment
in his speech; and they beseech him to
put his hand upon him. And he took him
aside from the multitude, and put his
fingers into his ears, and he spit. and
touched his tongue; and looking up to
heaven, he sighed, and saith unto him,
Ephphatha, that is, Be opened. And
straightway his ears were opened. and
the string of his tongue was loosed, and
he spake plain" Mark 1925.
The Madisonian. (Richmond, Ky.) 1913-1914, 1914-03-31
Russian railroads.

From 1908, the beginning OF re-
newed activity in Russian railroad
building, to September 1. 1918, bonds
were issued for 10 new companies and
for the improvement and extension of
existing lines, to the amount of $4S5,-
100000, or an annual average of $72.-
541, 667 During this period govern
ment expenditures for improvement
and construction amounted to $685.
628, $50, of which 1856, 100000 was for
construction,
The Madisonian. (Richmond, Ky.) 1913-1914, 1914-03-31
set New rack RECORD.

The Nickel Plate road has set a
new record for a single track line by
moving 20 trains west from its yards
in Conneaut, Ohio, in "a hours. This
is an average of train every so min
utes, and for single track road is
considered remarkable.
The Madisonian. (Richmond, Ky.) 1913-1914, 1914-03-31

Many sugges-
lions for the heal
ing of souls may
be found IT, this
story of the cure
of a man who was
deaf and dumb.
Notice
The Look
of Jesus-"up 70
b e a We n" T b e
hea.ven#ard look
is necessary for
those who would
restore sick souls
Such a look is
assuring. In this
day when so many
The Madisonian. (Richmond, Ky.) 1913-1914, 1914-03-31
Worlds Shortest. Railroad.

What is said to be the shortest mu-
nicipal street railroad system in the
world measuring S91 feet, the length
of city block-has been put into OPP
eraticn at Oakland, Cal. The line was
built by the city to connect the two
ends of a street railroad system and
give cross-town service.
The Madisonian. (Richmond, Ky.) 1913-1914, 1914-03-31

keepers Form Association.
Oh. Garman, Head of Division of En-
tomology and Botany, Kentucky Elk
pertinent Station.)
The best-known enemy of the Honey
Bee is the Bee Moth, an obscure insect
that has probably been in this country
ever since bees were introduced. 1t
seems to have been a serious pest in
the early days when box hives and bee
gums were the only means of keeping
colonies. Since the movable-frame
hive came into use there has been less
trouble in keeping colonies free, and
as a matter of fact, good colonies OF
Italians, or Carniolans, when properly
cared for, are not troubled by this
pest. The common black bee is more
subject to injury, but even blacks In
movable-frame hives, and kept strong,
need not be seriously harmed by the
moth.
Combating the Moth.
The bee moth will make trouble in
weak colonies, and any exposed comb,
stored in hives, or elsewhere, is pretty
sure to invite attack and to be ulti-
mately ruined. Such comb should al
ways be kept in screened quarters so
that the adult moths can not get to
the comb to lay their eggs. Once in
comb the young moth should be cut
out and destroyed and the comb
fumigated with hydrocyanic acid gas
or burning sulphur. Bisulfid of car
bon, sometimes used to fumigate
combs, leaves an odor for time that
may prove Objectionable to the bees,
if the comb is used at once.
Birds and Bugs Foes.
The Bee Martin or King Bird
(Tyrannus tyrannus) is a we'll known
bee eater, and recently have OBJ
served the Tyrant Flycatcher (Myiar-
chus crinitus) waiting near hives and
capturing bees as they passed to and
fro. These enemies of the beekeeper
are very easily disposed of by the oc-
casional use of a shotgun.
The Bee Moth-Different Stages Of
DEVELOPMENT.
The Madisonian. (Richmond, Ky.) 1913-1914, 1914-03-31
Friday, April 10, 1914

on the premises near Whitlock, Madison
County, Kentucky, at 10 o'clock a. M. sell
to the highest and best bidder at public
auction the following described land, or so
much thereof as will produce the sum of
$490.80 the amount ordered made, viz:
A Certain tract or
The Madisonian. (Richmond, Ky.) 1913-1914, 1914-03-31
NeIkG H~,<e.eN-.
Commissioners Sale /,
Madison Circuit Court:
S. L. BAKER,gPlaintiff

w. H. KANATZAR, Admr. Defendant
Under and by virtue of judgment and
order of sale rendered at the February.
Term, 1914, of the Madison Circuit Court
in the above styled action, the undersigned
Master Commissioner of said Court will on
The Madisonian. (Richmond, Ky.) 1913-1914, 1914-03-31
Parcel of Land

near Whitlock, Madison County, Ken
lucky Beginning with Richmond Kanat-
zar's line on the west side of Tatescreek,
thence with Reubin Hills line east to VIM.
J. Millions line, thence with Millions
line north to Joseph Perkins line, thence
west with Joseph Perkins line to Rich
mond Kanatzar's line and thence to the
beginning and containing
The Madisonian. (Richmond, Ky.) 1913-1914, 1914-03-31
Eiaht Acres
more or less.

TERMS = Said land will be sold on
a credit of six and twelve months time, the
purchaser being required to execute two
sale bonds for equal amounts, payable to
the Commissioner, bearing 6per cent in
terest from date of sale until paid, with
lien retained TO secure the payment of the
purchase money, or the purchaser can pay
the purchase money at the time of sale.
H. c. RICE, M. C. M. &C.
The Madisonian. (Richmond, Ky.) 1913-1914, 1914-03-31
NEW TYPE OF INDUSTRIAL LOCOMOTIVE


Curious narrow
gauge gasoline To-
connective which
gives efficient
service on out
side and tunnel
tracks In Chicago
lake front i'm
provements.
The Madisonian. (Richmond, Ky.) 1913-1914, 1914-03-31
THHHlyHN
eABLNEl

e. t rs almost always when
- things are all blocked up and
Impossible that a happening comes II
YOU are sure that you are looking. anu
ready, that is all you need. Coo Is turn-
ing the world around all of the time.
whitney.
The Madisonian. (Richmond, Ky.) 1913-1914, 1914-03-31

VIII Use Electric Locomotives.
Six electric locomotives, the most
powerful of their type in the world,
have been ordered for service in and
out of New York railroad terminal.
The Madisonian. (Richmond, Ky.) 1913-1914, 1914-03-31
INTERNATIONAL.
SlNINISCIOOL
LESSON

(Bv e. o. SELLERS, Director of Evening
Department, The Moody Bible institute,
Chicago.)
The Madisonian. (Richmond, Ky.) 1913-1914, 1914-03-31
DISEASES and
FOES OF BEES
Birds and insects Prey Upon
Colonies, But Can Be
Combatted
PREVENTION BEST WEAPON

Honey Makers Subject to Devastating
MaIadies Caused BY Germs-Change
of Hive and Cleanliness Often At
ford Relief = Debated Whether
Queens Convey Foul Brood-Bee-
keepers Form Association.
The Madisonian. (Richmond, Ky.) 1913-1914, 1914-03-31

LESSON TEXT-Luke 14:7-A.
GOLDEN TEXT-''Everyone that exait-
eth himself shall be humbled; and he that
humbleth himself shall be exalted" Luke
14:11,
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1914-12-21
News Items of Interest
in Central Pennsylvania
By Hoban
.Shccinl 10 the Tclesrnth

POttsviIIe. - By the breaking of a
bar of the engine at No. / shaft of the
Pine Knot Colliery, of the Philadelphia
and Reading Coal and Iron Company,
in the Heckscherville Valley, yesterday,
the two large water tanks dropped to
the bottom of the shaft, about 500 feet
causing much damage. This closed this
Allentown. - Tilghman Desh, aged
26, after coming home late Saturday
boon companion Frank George. He
went upstairs and shot himself in the
side. The wound is not serious. Yes
terday morning Desh left home and has
not yet returned.
Mahanoy City. Returning from
the county, Jail at Pottsville, where he
q nad tb serDed DtI year Dayd 0f nt
the cold of a December snowstorm.
HazletOn. - Showing long cash on
his head where his skull struck the
sidewalk. Steve Kotch caused the arrest
of Samuel Grofofski, of HaZleton,
wrestler who, he charged. seized him
to illustrate some of the finer points of
the sport, and dashed him down.
Danville. = An evangelistic cam
paign which has been held at Trinity
Methodist Episcopal Church, here, for
three weeks by Miss Anna A. Smith. of
New York, ended yesterday with a rec
ord of more than 200 converts.
I<utztOwn.-The community group"
which through the 125 groups expects
to raise the Prince of Peace Fund of
S350.000 has appointed the following
members to represent this section: The
Rev. i. p. Laros. chairman; the Revs.
George b. NTH. T.. II. Leinbach, Il. w.
Kriebel, d. f. schaeffer, w. L. Neck
stroth and NJ. II. Brensinger.
Obey. - Charles A. WentZel, 40 years
old. was overcome by vertigo. and fall
ing in his kitchen, dislocated his shoul-
der He went to the office of DR.. c. II.
Hertzog, who, assisted by DIR. Monroe
Clouser. reduced the fracture. but the
patient became so weak that he died.
HazIetOn.-Even though Elmer Trash
charged with stabbing Charles Smith
surrendered himself to the LuZerne
county court, Judge Woodward ruled
that August Weilkel, of Weston. near
Hazleton, must pay the $4,000 bail for
feited when the Trash case was called
and defendant failed to appear.
HazIetOn. Hazletons community
Christmas tree plans have been aban-
doned because of the depleted city
treasury.