The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-11-22
HOW THE PesISCOPE IS USspN
TO SIGHT THE ENEMY. H.

knew and was willing 90 reveal 81 the
beginnings OF the German uutersechoot
he sketched the beginnings and develop
ment OF the submarine IN general. Il has
already been shown that those beginnings
are more remote than most people who
look upon the submarine as the latest
word IN naval warfar" recall. Neverthe-
less the submarine IL that Lass word and
she began to he taken really seriously
only a comparatively few years ago
The French. more minute than other
nations In classification. divide their under
water boats into two classes. submarines
and submersibies. The term submersihle
was first applied 20 the French subma rine
Narval 10 dis anguish her. ny reason OF the
manner IN which she suhmerEed. from
submarines previously constructed OF the
Gymnots type. The Gymnote was bulk In
France in 1883 and was a diving boat.
Ina; Ia she was fitted with horizontal rud-
dera located at the stern which. by causing
her to plunge. were able TO make her sub
merge against a certain amount OF re-
ser"e buoyancy always retained ny the
vessel. The plunging WAS in effect prac-
tically an imitation OF the ssmbollings Of
the porpo,se
The diving type has been the favori,e
with mos; inventors during the last Any
years ana Of this cinss were all n" sub
marines OF the British and tinted States
nRvies UP to "A few wears agotC Capt Lake.
who designed ard perfected the even keel
submersihle which do"s not dive. but sinks
beneath the surface on oven keel the Lake
features being adopted by the French In
the construction OF tho Narval. pointed out
that ;he list " accidents TO boats Of the
diving type makes sad reading. He CON
tends Ih1t most " ne submarine disasters
have been duo to the use Of tho DIVING
principle.
Leaving aside the question OF which il
best all submarines, with notifications
belong TO one OF th-s. two types And
those now on the active lists Of the navies
or the world or building range from tiny
boats OF n few hundred tons displace ment
"a such giants OF subsurface craft "a those
for which Specifications have been pre-
pared 10Y the United states navy. dis
placing 100 tons and twic" the size OF
any submarines known to be ahoat They
wiz W. more than twice tho size % the
German ia class ono % which wrote the
most thrilling charter IN submarine his
tory when II sank the Abouk!r Grossly and
Hogue In Shor; action during which only
on" OF the Engl'sh.a h'ns got oven sight
Of its '!ny hut terrible adversary
There have h.en many subdivisions OF
tho two general types which have been
described hut none more Interesting, rer-
haps. than the bottom wheel TYNE
brOugh: into prominence by the report OF
the German submarines that crawl on
IN" bottom That ~ Capt. Lakes inven-
ton and he believes IN g.
II Feel certain" ne said. that {" Is :he
bottom wheel boat that has been doing
som" Of the things that have startled the
world. know that the Germans are
building the LAX" type OF boat IN all essen
;ials They hogan Incorporating the spe-
cia features OF my boats when they first
! started their under water fleet was
called in 10 advise the krupps No. |
didn't sell them my patents. wasn't
protected by patent IN Germany"