Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1914-11-05

the German Side.
The initial advantage on the Black
sea apparently lies with Turkey in the
opening of hostilities against Russia.
according to observers. In addition to
attained a speed Of 272 knots and is
one of the most formidable craft afoat,
and the protected cruiser Breslau of
260 knot record. Turkey has in the
Black sea two battleships of Dread
nought class, four pre-Dreadnoughts.
two swift cruisers and numerous de-
stroyers and gunboats, many OF them
bought from Germany This fleet in
cludes these battleships:
Reshad-i-Hamis, $4,000 tons, 20 knots
Birenzi Osman, $1,000 tons. % knots
bought from Brazil.
Khyer-ed- din Barbarossa and Torgut
Reiss. $500 tons each. Il knots. for
merly German battleships, and two
others of the same type.
Two cruisers, the Hamidieh and the
Of''VO NCAiNf - h+ACN''
Russia's Black Sea Fleet.
Russia's Black sea feet consists of
six pre-Dreadnought battleships. one
protected cruiser. two armored gun
boats and number of old torpedo
boats and gunboats.
Three Dreadnoughts are under con
! struction. but may not be in commits
| sion for months.
If Portugal be counted, Turkey is the
eleventh nation to be involved i'm the
great European struggle. Her partici
patton has been expected for weeks,
and diplomats now say that Greece.
Roumania and Bulgaria are likely TO
be added. and possibly Italy.
Notwithstanding the warnings Of the
| allies. it has been deemed inevitable
that Turkey would yield TO German in
nuence and join against Russia. Since
the opening of the war COO German of
ficers have arrived in Turkey. as well
as a large quantity OF munitions of
war. including some of the big siege
guns. German guns were mounted in
the Dardanelles forts and German
officer. Weber Pasha, placed in com
mand. All the Notifications Of the
Bosporus and the Asia Minor coast
have been overhauled and mines have
been sown in Greek waters.
Lineup Will Favor Allies.
If the entrance of Turkey into the
conflict embroils Italy and the other
Balkan states. as expected. ii will
bring 1871 900 additional men into bat
tie. as well as three more navies. In
this event the line up will probably be
IN favor of the allies.
Turkey. with an army on war footing
figured at approximately 100000. and
n navy of thirty-five warships manned
by $1,000 men. will thus contribute
1901 900 men To the German cause.
The allies will profit TO the extent
or 30 warships and a total of 2.34O,-
600 men contributed as follows: Italy
Army. 100000, navy. 100 ships man
ned by 10000 Greece-Army. 100000
navy. forty-one ships. manned by 30
coo. Bulgaria-Army. 100000. and
Roumania. army. 100000 About Bui
garia's future moves there is much
doubt. as she is still bitter against heI
enemies i'm the recent second Balkan
war; and she may join Turkey
Doubt About Goeben and 6resIsu.
Turkey modified her army early IN
August. supposedly with the mora
support of the German government. i
was thought the forces would be em
ployed against Greece for the recovery
of territory lost I'm the Balkan war
Greece bought the battleships Missis
sippi and Idaho from the UniteC
States. and TO Offset this Turkey pur
chased ostensibly two ships from Ger
many. the Goeben and Bresau. which
sought refuge from the allied fleet IL
the Mediterranean. There has beer
some doubt. however. that there wa:
bona fide purchase, for it has been re
ported that these ships. although fly
ing the crescent. retained their Ger
man crews and officers.
Tremendous pressure was brough
by German advisers to induce Turkey
to abandon the plans against Greco,
and take the field against Russia.
The staggering cost of continuing tn,
mobilization raised political storm
and the minister of war and his party
were put on the defensive. The actor
of the entente powers threatening dir,
consequences If Turkey declared war
followed by German setbacks I'm Rus
STA. Belgium and France, finally forceC
/ n rehabilitation.
Russia anticipated Turkeys violation
of neutrality. Nearly two weeks ag'
. the archives of the Russian embass.
s were transferred To Odessa
War eleaches Our Socks.
White socks are going to he the fash