davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-07-04
OUR WORST FRUIT TREE PEST-SAN JOSE SCALE

and the female her eyes In from "a
to 26 days from birth the male comes
from under the scale in the form OF
a minute and extremely delicate two
winged, fy-like insect.
1t takes the female about thirty days
to develop fully. From thirty-three to
forty days from birth she gives birth
to new generation. Each female Is
supposed to produce 200 male and 200
female young; this being so, and
counting four generations in season,
there will be produced. according to
DR.. L. o. Howard, 3.216, $50. 400 male
and female scales from one progenitor
In a year. Thus it Is easy to under
stand why a slight infestation, if un-
treated, soon becomes bad. If the
scale are allowed to increase unmo-
Tested they will kill young bearing
peach tree In about three years. and
an apple tree in about four or five
years. Consequently. when San Jose
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-07-04
ROWING RAPE.

m our experience we have found
flpo especially valuable as a late soil
ar and forage crop although many
,oOw Il early and utilize It for forage
|dus1ng tho whole Of the season. We
elaavo obtained the best results by SOW
eon9 ma Dwarf Essex variety and SOW
1n1 lt during Jr and July. AS a
1ood tor sheep it Is unexcelled as II
Gdas die sheep over the dry season
during the late summer and provides
m abundance OF late forage during
ths fall. Many have grown rape as a
food for cattle and swine but our ex-
pes4enoe has been confined largely to
Nt1nslng Il for hurdling sheep.
Nothing equals It as pasture for
Che lambs as II carries them over the
critical weaving period with scarcely
Q Sign OF shrinkage. It Is unexcelled
in tho list Of succulent summer and
fall feeds for starting mutton sheep
and lambs on the flesh making road
20 full grain feeding.
It promotes a healthful growth Of
wool by furnishing the best forms of
Wool-producing foods.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-07-04
Top-Working Trees
By June Budding

~ . . T." f
II one has only a few. fruit trae.
and would like to try his hand NJ ton.
working, June budding offers an on.
portunity
The buds must be cut from tha c,r.
rent seasons growth and usnalIv ~.
serted IN wood OF the previous sea-
son growth unless the work Is done
~ september as is frequently done
win the peach which is Of quick
growth.
Smooth sprouts the size of the little
niger or smaller and which are near
the trunk OF the tree are selected for
the insertion of the buds.
The buds are inserted near where
these smaller sprouts emerge from tha
larger branches and at pruning time
the part of these stocks above the bud
are cut off If the bud has been sue
cessful.
Where one has plenty Of time. as
many as twenty, or even more buds
may be inserted in one tree, distributed
SO as to give the new growth the pro-
per shape.
II enough of the buds live all tha
original growth may be cut away the
Following fall or winter, although il Ia
often desirable to leave a part of the
old growth for another crop till the
new growth has had another year.
Trees top-worked in this way will
bear fruit the second year after. Ap-
pie trees are usually grated, but may
be budded as we'll. With the peach
the graft Is rarely successful. while it
Is easy to get the buds to live.
No wax Is necessary in budding: a
T-shaped incision is made in the stock
and the bud pushed into this opening
and tied to its place.
In cutting the bud from the new
growth of the desired variety a small
bit Of wood is taken off with it, that
is, you cut little deeper than tha
bark in order to be sure of getting the
inner bark or cambium layer After
the buds have started remove the
wrapping.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-07-04

diotus perniciosus. No insect pest has
received more attention and has had
more written concerning it. Nearly
every experiment station in the land
has published one or more bulletins as
to its life history and ravages. and
remedies for its control.
Newspapers, journals and magazines
have issued volumes calling the atten-
ton Of fruit growers to the effects of
this scale pest and encouraging legis-
'ation for its control. Those who have
needed this admonition of the ento-
nologists and. followed their recon-
n1endations have satisfied themselves
that in spite of the enormous damage
done by this scale, there are methods
which. If properly pursued, will re-
duce injury to the minimum. The
careless, unheeding grower who has
scale-infested stock and has done
nothing by way of controlling the pest
suffers heavy losses and eventually is
compelled to go out of business (be
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-07-04

back. Width of muzzle is also i'm
portant because it indicates capacity
for feed consumption and for good
breathing. The neck, although not
choice meat, is thick and short on a
good steer. The shoulder should be
evenly covered, compact and wide at
the top. While width Of shoulders at
the top Is a mark of a good feeder,
steers with extremely wide shoulders
should not be selected, for they are
usually coarse. The shoulder should
blend smoothly with the neck, leaving
no crease or definite line where the
neck and shoulder meet. The rump
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-07-04

Bore an inch and a half auger-hole
five inches from each end and attach
under each hole a sack five inches
wide by about fifteen inches long.
These sacks can be made from I'M
starched sheeting. If it Is found that
the poison is being applied too fast or
too slow the proportion Of lime Cor
-FOUR and Paris green must be
changed SO that the required amount
of actual poison will be applied per
acre.
BY the use Of this apparatus a good
operator can treat cotton very rapidly.
The laborer walks along, swinging and
shaking the buster from which a cloud
Of the poison Is shaken and which
settles on all parts Of the cotton plants.
While such a treatment cannot destroy
all bollworms on the cotton, yet II
given at the right time it will kill SO
many Of the young worms as to
greatly reduce their injuries. This ap-
paratus Is entirely practicable for the
farmer who grows up to about SO acres
of cotton. An application Of the
poisoned dust about the first of
August may serve other purposes. for
1t may check the first ravages Of the
cotton worm, or the new cotton beetle
or other leaf-feeding insects which
might be gaining a start. The poison
may be applied pure or mixed with an
equal quantity of flour or air-slaked
lime. but should be applied at the rate
of from to pounds Of the Paris
green to the acre. 1t is easier to ap-
ply the poison when mixed than to
apply Paris green alone.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-07-04

broad. Short legged animals are de-
slrable. Good balance or proportion
or parts is very important. Feeders
are usually bought at the big markets
or from local buyers. High priced
land cannot be protitably used to raise
steers When to buy. depends largely
on the buyers equipment, the amount
and time he intends to feed, and on
the condition of the steers.
1t costs more per pound to fatten a
steer than the extra flesh will sell for,
consequently the selling price for the
whole carcass must be enough greater
per pound to pay the loss on the added
flesh and make profit. The differ
ence between the cost price per hun
dred pounds of the feeder and the SELL
ing price per hundred pounds of the
same steer when fat, is called "the
feeding margin" There must always
be a sufficient margin to break even:
A greater margin means profit. The
necessary margin depends on the cost
Of feeds. the ability Of the steer to
make gains, the initial cost and weight,
distance from market. season of year,
the length Of the feeding season.
Cattle are usually fed sixty to ninety
days, as a longer period often does not
pay. 1t is the best to select that grade
of feeders which seems at the time of
buying, to offer the widest margin, or
the quickest gains in flesh on a mar
rover margin. 1t may sometimes be
better to fatten thin stockers up to the
butcher class than selected feeders up
to prime beef. Selling to a local buyer
is usually the best policy unless one
has two or more carloads to market.
However, shipping to the market has
advantages as we'll as risks. The best
time to market is when prices are 60
ing up, for there is then a keener de-
mand.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-07-04
BY III. w. HENSHAW.

left. However unlike they may be In
appearance, structure, and habits. all
are similar in one respectively pos
sess a never-fagging appetite Tor IN
sects and weed seeds. Two useful
birds-quite unlike in appearance, but
similar in that they befriend the farm
err, are the bobwhite and ruffed grouse.
The former is known everywhere by
the clear whistle that suggests its
name. The bobwhite is loved by every
dweller in the country and is better
known to more hunters in the United
States than any other game bird. 1t
is no less appreciated on the table
than in the field. and In many states
has unquestionably been hunted too
closely. Fortunately it seems to be
practicable to propagate the bird in
captivity, and much is to be hoped for
in this direction. Half the food of this
quail consists of weed seeds, almost
fourth Of grain and about tenth of
wild fruits. Although thus eating
grain, the bird gets most of it from
stubble. Fifteen per cent Of the bob
whites food is composed Of insects,
including several Of the most serious
pests of agriculture. It feeds freely
upon potato bugs and chinch bugs; 1t
devours cucumber beetles. wireworms.
clover-leaf weevils, cotton-boll weevils,
army worms, cutwornls and Rocky
Mountain locusts. Take it all in all,
the bobwhite is very useful to the
farmer, and y. lille it may not be neces-
sary to remove it from the list Of game
birds, every farmer should see that his
own farm Is not depleted by eager
sportsmen.
The beautiful ruffed grouse is found
in the northern two-thirds Of the
United States and in the forested parts
of Canada. This, the famed drummer
and finest game bird Of the northern
woods, is unusually wild and wary and
under reasonable protection will with
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-07-04

At the present time many kinds OF
useful birds need direct intervention
in their behalf as never before. The
encroachments of civilization on tim
bered tracts and the methods OF
modern intensive cultivation by de-
stroying or restricting breeding
grounds Of birds. tend to diminish
their ranks. The number OF insect
pests, on the other hand, Is all the
time increasing by leaps and bounds
through importations from abroad
and by migration from adjoining terri
tories Every effort. therefore, should
be made to augment the numbers OF
our useful birds by protecting them
from their enemies, by providing nest
ing facilities. and by furnishing them
food in times Of stress, especially IN
winter.
Birds occupy a unique position
among the enemies of insects, since
their power Of fight enables them at
short notice to gather at points where
there are abnormal insect outbreaks.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-07-04
Must Have Beef Anety-Thes
By Continually Pure BedSire eSameTy

The block Is the supreme and maj
test of the beef animal The butcher
desires an animal that will deliver the
highest percentage of good cuts, ana
show refinement in parts that are not
edible, in order to reduce waste. Fine
ness of bone, lack of paunchiness and
small head are thus desired by the
butcher, but the steer with light bone,
small paunch and frail head would
be unable to go through the feeding
period and make economical gains.
Even though the strong. vigorous,
capacious feeder may not turn out at
the finish into the exact ideal OF the
butcher, he Is the one that puts on
the largest and steadiest gains. en-
dures heavy feeding for the longest
time, finally finishes out with the
greatest weight, and yields the highest
percentage Of prime beef.
In selecting feeders, there Is per-
haps no point more important that
the back. A wide, straight, strong
back, with a we'll sprung rib, is es-
sential. The girth of the steer should
be large-that is, the distance around
the body back of the shoulder should
10 DIS 1dISo do pOSSAOAo' AAAAS AAAS~-AAS
more room for vital organs and In
sures q better constitution than Is
otherwise likely to prevail. Associ-
ated also with large girth Is we'll
sprung rib. making q wide back on
which there is room for the deposit
ton of large quantity Of high-priced
meat There is also greater depth OF
chest and greater digestive capacity
with a large girth.
The head is an excellent index to
the character of the feeder, because
there Is relationship between the
different parts of an animals body.
The steer with wide head Is usually
q good feeder. for a wide head goes
with a food capacity for putting on
large amount Of flesh. Usually the
steer with wide head will grow thick
through the body and wide across the
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-07-04
What the Separator
Means in the Home

While the man who has learned the
rea1 value of the separator Is usually
emphatic in his praise. it is rarely on
the feminine side of the mouse tna'
many of the advantages are most sig
nally apparent.
II concentrates the time Of work into
definite hours of the day, and these
are short. There are no heavy mix
cans coming home near the noon hour
rank with the acidity Of their con-
tents.
All milk utensils may be taken care
Of during the morning hours and
while thorough scalding is necessary
20 keep them in order they are sweet
20 begin with, thereby rendering the
work less tedious. Then the sun
scalding which puts on the finishing
touches may be given through the en-
tire day.
Il 10 a great time saver in skim
ming and saves much handling and
rehandling Of the milk. This may
seem like q small matter, yet 1t Is
really very large one. and much of
the old-time labor in caring for milk
has been abolished. proven by the
separator wholly useless.
The cream Is in much better condi-
tion for churning and Of uniform
quality. Ono Of the prime recon-
mendations for the butter maker II
that her product always may be Of the
Same grade.
Few can attain this and only with
the best facilities. The cream gauge
fixed tho thickness Of the cream alb
soluteiy.
Tho rue for sailing may thus be
% rigid as for bread. The cream can
easily be kept at the same tempera-
ture every time by the use of the ice
or cold water. And thus the butter is
always alike, consequently is in de-
mand At fancy prices.
Cream for tho table uses is always
available in tho very best form. The
most delicious deserts can be extern
porased on short notice and time saved
from tho onoe laborious work of max
jng pastry.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-07-04

The best time for planting per-
epnial seed is just as soon as it ma
tures-in other words, follow nature
who casts her seeds upon the ground
and they at once grow. The tender
seedlings should have some sort OF
natural or artificial shade, careful
watering and wedding and by fall they
will be sturdy plants. Even The
hardest varieties must have protec.
ton the arst winter.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-07-04

browse make up the bulk of the vese-
table food Of this species. It is very
fond Of hazlenuts, beechnuts. chest.
nuts, and acorns, and 1t eats practi-
cally all kinds of wild berries and
other fruits Nearly so kinds Of fruits
have been identified from the stomach
contents examined. The most im-
portant pests devoured by this bird arc
the potato beotle, clover-root weevil,
the striped flea beetle, grape vine leaf
beetle, May beetles. grasshoppers.
cotton worms, army worms, cutworms.
the red-humped apple worm. and
sawfly larvae.
While the economic record Of the
ruffed grouse is commendable. 1t does
not call for more stringent protection
than Is necessary to maintain tho
species in reasonable numbers.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-07-04
DO NOT LIKE BARRED WIRE.

Forest officers In Washington and
Oregon plan to discontinue the use OF
barbed wire in their forests. This Will
affect their own pastures and public
drift fences. They say ba~bed wire has
no advantage over smooth ,1ire, that
1t injul es stock, and that 1t is more
likely to be borne down by SOFT snow
Stockmen on the Ochoco forest, IN
Oregon, recently constructed drift
fences of smooth wire, though with
some misgivings; now they say they
will never use barbed wire again.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-07-04
ADVERTIsEs ITSELF.

A well-bred, well-kept flock Of poul.
try will make its own reputation In
short time. It is surprising how soon
poultry farmers in any neighborhood
learn Of the introduction Of pure-
bred flock, and its owner will in time
be able to dispose Of enough OF his
stock, to be used In the Improvement
Of ordinary farm f1ocks, to more than
repay his original investment. The
surplus stock will never be worth any
the less in the markets because OF the
fact that they are pure-bredA
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-07-04

not be strong enough to put on the
greatest amount Of flesh economically.
A wide, strong back, great heart girth
and smooth covering of bones are es-
sentials in a good feeder. The head is
an excellent index of the power of
steer to make economical gains. A
side view Of the body from hooks and
knees to back bone should show we'll
filled rectangle. The general form
should be compact and deep and
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-07-04

House plants that have done duty
in the window garden and those in.
tended for duty there next winter,
must be gwen as near a complete rest
as possible. Invite them to be lazy by
giving them poor soil and only enough
water to keep them healthy. Cut
back severely and pinch off every bud
as it appears. During the summer
time is your opportunity to trim and
train your window plants to good
form.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-07-04
PLANTS DANGEROUS TO STOCK.

The department Of agriculture is
trying to eliminate the danger to cat
tie from poisonous plants on national
forest ranges. OF these plants, lark
spur, loco weed, death camas and
water hemlock are the most poison
Gus. Larkspur does the most harm
becah>e it is so widely distributed and
Is particularly bad for cattle. Ordi-
narily horses will not eat larkspur, and
sheep can eat 1t without apparent in
1urv.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-07-04

of ichneumon fly discovered by mis-
sionary in Japan who first noticed that
while the gypsy moth is resident OF
that kingdom it seems to do COM
paratively little harm.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-07-04
NOTES OF THE HOG LOT.

Reading other peoples opinions
often shows US how far off we are in
our own.
M Excellence is the result of hard la
Dor and paying attention to little de-
tails in pig raising.
The hog is an economic accessory
on the well managed diversified Farm.
No matter what the subsequent use
of the pig on the farm is to be his
early development should be carefully
guarded.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-07-04

An unusual abundance of grasshop-
pers, for instance. in given locailty
soon attracts the birds from vice
area, and as a rule their visits cease
only when there are no grasshoppers
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-07-04

We know now that butter making
is an exact science and the man or
woman who guesses at things in the
dairy work generally come out at the
little end of the horn.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-07-04
TWO USEFUL BIRDS OF THE FARM AND ORCHARD

stand the attacks Of hunters. More
over, when reduced In numbers It
responds to protection in gratifying
manner and has proved to be we'll
adapted to propagation under arti-
fetal conditions. Wild fruits and
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-07-04
Killing Insects On
Cotton Plants
BY PROF. r.. I. SMITH.

A homemade apparatus for busting
cotton plants with Paris green Is
made from one-inch board four and
half feet long and three inches wide.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-07-04

scale are first discovered in an or
chard immediate preparations should
be made for applying a remedy, the
most satisfactory Of which Is the
Boiled Lime Sulphur Solution.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-07-04

A little alicia makes the corn stick
70 the pigs ribs.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-07-04

BY J. L. ToRN1EY.

should be long, wide and. level. A
| dropping rump Is undesirable.
/ The coupling, that is the distance
from the last rib to the hook" or
| hip point. should be short in accord
ance with the general compactness
desired throughout The steer should
also be wide in this region and we'll
muscled. with no indication Of being
| sway backed. This is the region of the
loin from which valuable cuts are
taken.
Select steers with short legs. for
short legs decrease the amount Of offal
| and increase the killing percentage.
Also. short-legged animals do not
travel about much. They thus save
their energy and use their feed for
gain. A strong bone without coarse
ness is to be desired. Too much re-
f1nement Is associated with a weak
constitution.
Symmetry of outline, or balancing
Of parts, is a very important point in
selecting steers. By symmetry Is
meant a general uniformity through
out with, no part out Of proportion
with any other part. Depth Of chest
should be balanced by depth Of twist.
and width of shoulders should be ac-
companied by width throughout.
In addition to the foregoing points.
the steer should have pliable skin Of
reasonable thickness, covered by a
heavy messy coat of hair. Pliability
of skin and mossiness Of coat indicate
thrift and general we'll being. Thick
ness of skin and hair indicates good
constitution.
Beef cattle on the market are
classed according to the commercial
use for which they are adapted.
Glass designates the use to which an
animal is to be put. Grade" indi-
Gates the quality or degree Of fitness
of the animal in that class. The same
grades, prime, choice. good medium.
fair, common, and poor or inferior,
run down through the classes from the
best to the poorest in the order above
named.
The highest percentage Of good cuts
and the least waste in killing are the
qualities desired in beef steers. In
selecting feeders, however, a strong
frame with plenty of room for vital
organs, must be chosen, for the steer
that would kill with least waste might
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1914-07-22
JOLLY AUTO BANDIT FORCED
TWO OF VICTIMS TO DISROBE

The wounded man, jerome E. Dyer.
twenty-seven, wholesale hay mer-
chant, is at the Grace hospital with
a wound through the back and abdo-
men. He was wearing $1,000 RIM
and a jewel-studded watch, and he
resisted, throwing the jewelry into
the grass. In the struggle the bandit
shot him. The ring and watch were
afterwards recovered by detectives.
Just prior to this hold.up, the same
birhwayman held up l.. A. McDermitt.
and his niece, Mildred McDermitt.
Securing $3.50 worth of valuables from
NfcDermitt, the hold-up man forced
the girl to bandage McDermitt's eyes
with a handkerchief and he then
forced both to completely strip. he
stated that he made them do this to
assure his escape. Neither were In
jured.