davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-12-31
DIVIDENDS AND INTEREST.

Ftrst (Continued)
Knoxville, Iowa, Judgment Fund
Knoxville, Tenn, Street Impvt.
Kossuth County, Iowa. 4,s
La Sale, Ill, Board Of Education.
School Dist No. 2, School Bldg. |
Lincoln County, Mont, Funding
Sts%
Louisville Gas & Electric Co. So |
Manson, Iowa, Water Works
Marshalltown, Iowa. Refunding
Monmouth, ILL.,. Water Works /
Montreal Tramways Co. First q
Refunding IS
Morristown, Tenn, Water Works
Improvement
Mount Airy, N. c., Water Supply,
Electric Light & Power Plant
Moweaqua. ILL.,. School Building
Muskegon, Mich. Gen. ST. Impvt
Muskegon, Mich, Refunding 4Rs
Muskegon, Mich, Lake Michigan
Water Works IS
Oklahoma Ry. First Mortgage So
Olympia, Wash, Water Works
Owosso, Mich, Water Works
Pendleton, Ore, Water Works
Plum Bayou, Ark, Levee District
Pontiac Township. ILL.,, School
District, High School Building
Portland Gen. Electric Co., Port.
land. Ore. First Mortgage Gold
Princeton. Mo-, Refunding
! Redwood Falls, Mimi. Refunding
Richmond, KY, School
| Riverside, ILL.,, School District No. S
Riverside, ILL.,, Water Works
Rochester, n. H., City Hall
Rosebud County, Mont. Bridge
St. Joseph, Mich, Bridge
Scranton Electric Co., Scranton.
Pa. First & Refdg. Mtge. Gold
Sedalia, Mo, School District,
School Building
Seneca Falls. N. Y. Refunding
Spalding County, Ga, Public I'm
provement
Sparta, Ga, School Building
Spartanburg County, S. c.. Count.
ty Refunding
Sumter, S. c., Sewerage
Tacoma Eastern Railroad Co.
(Wash.) First Mortgage Gold
Triton County, Tenn.
Tullahoma, Tenn. Electric Light
Tullahoma, Tenn. Water & Light
Tullahoma, Tenn, Water Works
Valley County, Mont. 4hss
Watchemocket, r. l., Fire Dept.
Weldon. N. c., Water & Sewer IS
West Hoboken, N. J.. Funding
West Hoboken, y. J., School AVS
White County, Tenn.
White Plains, N. Y. School Dis
trict No.
Winnetka, ILL.,. Park District
Wcodlawr. Ala. Reminding
Second
Armour. South Oak. Independent
School District, School Building
Florence. Col, Water Works Re-
funding
Garrard County, Ky. Turnpike Rd.
Kalispell. Mont. Refunding
Poplar Bluff. Mo-, School District,
School Building
Temple. Tex, Public Free School
Building Series No.
Fifteenth
Hartford. Wis, Water Works
Jackson, Mich.
Mount Pleasant, Micn., water He-
funding
Redheld, South Oak, Independent
School District No. 20, School
Buildir
Sedalia. Mo-, School Dist. Funding
Nin, tenth
Window, Mimi, Electric Light
Water Works and Sewerage
terent issues Of carefully selected
service corporation bonds which
We investment at prices to yield
to So
-ings "SN" for investors
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-12-31

Guaranty Trust Company
of New York

Va ANC" VI
40 Broadway
F :.s A A.: 3! ssrss" L 1s.s:s
Condensed Statement, December "a, 1914
RESOURCES
Real Estate ,................ s2,6ls,2eo1s
Bonds and Mortgages. .......... 0,85000
Pubiic Securities ............... l3,535,03279
Other Securities ............... 54,S26, 5S5.37
Loans and Bills Purchased 800. 1i5,O26,sN.4o
Cash-on Hand and in Banks. 29,925,2O6.99
Exchanges for Clearing House.. $685.
Foreign Exchange .......... 27,55l ,754.s7
and Foreign Acceptances 1924, 22s.o0
Accrued nt.and Accts.Rec 1,319,110.4S
$26s, 2os ,276.3s
LIABILITIES
SuruI u, Fu.n;d-R::. '''''''''''' ''0'0o0'00oo0
CURED by Law 81, 0o0, 10000
Additional Surplus
not Required by
Law .............. Is, ooo, 100000 10000 100000
Undivided Profits ...-........ 1850 ,s24.92
Outstanding Treasurer's Checks 2,20l ,394.25
Accrued Interest Payable ...... 1,876379.30
Reserve for Taxes and Expenses 170,360.16
Foreign Accounts .............. <,299, ll0.18
Domestic and Foreign Accept
ances ....................... ls,24l,22s.oo
Deposits ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. I'll, ,979.54
$26s, 20s ,276.3s
Directors
Levi P. Merton Chskmss
Chsiss H. AM Wshw s. Jahrstss Daniel C. REID
George r. Baks Augustus D. Juliad John S. Runnens
Edwwd j. Be~ind Thomas ". lsmoo John U Ryan
7. De Witt Cuyls William C. Lane Thomas !. H:n
jarnss B. Duke Edeu l. M.,toa ur mue' IT. Sso"
n"c~ ooe" '"n N mo'o" Valentine P Snyder
Csoss Gould (s,ss w. MeGsr,h Jobn 4 Sooo,
n=-ie Gugssnhen Charles A. Peabody Harry PAYNE Whitney
Asrands J. Hs4nphn William c Pous Albert n. Wisrs
Officers
Aer,nds HemphI. President Charles H. S,bin WePsssdsM
William C. President William C. Lane President
Max May, veePresdent Lewis B. Franklin, viesPresdsos
James NJ Pratt, Viee.Presden William C. Cor, WePesidsna
William c Edw,rds TreasHs e. {. Hebbard, Secretary
r. J. H. Sutton, Trust Ohce Robert H. Coz Mgr Bond Depa
Charles NJ. BIEnss Teaus r. Hartman
Wahs Meaehsm Asst. Secretary j. l. Burke. Asst Secretary
NJ D. Putnam, j., Asst Secretary E. B. Buckley Asst. Secrets,
G. W. Williamson, Secretary RIFF Allen TrustO Office
William Conway, John Ssossy
Deposits December 8, 1913 ...... .$l49, 456,284
Deposits December "a, 1914 ......... l1,059, 979
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-12-31
Receipts at leading ports


Total exports yesterday, i2,6Oi 30 far
his season. 2,39231S. against i,332,aa4
fer same period last year.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-12-31
Directors
Officers

Aler,nds J. HemphilI. President
William {. Potter. Vies-Presidens
Max May, Niee-President
James NJ. Pratt, Viee.President
William c Edwards, Treasurer
FL. n. Sutton, Trust Ofiee
Charles NJ. Billinss, Asst. Tress1s
Waliss Meaehsm, Asst. Secretary
N. D. Putnam, IT,, Asst. Secretary
G. ". Williamson, Asst. Secretary
William 2. Conway. Ass;. Treasury
Deposits December 8, I
Deposits December "a, 1
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1914-01-28
WANT CUMMINS
TO HELP COMMITTEE
Will Serve Provided Republicans are
to be Given Honest Chance
/ to do Something's.


tUnited Press Leased Wire Service.]
WASHINGTON, D. c., Jan. 2S.-
Senator Cummins has been asked by
Chairman Newlands of the interstate
commerce committee to serve on the
subcommittee which will shape the
trust bill. Senator Cumm.as has told
Mr.. Nswlands that he is willing to
serve and do all he can to promote
good legislation on the trusts, but he
does not propose to be made a stool
pigeon, and that if the trust question
is going to be disposed Of in a parti-
san way through caucus action, and
the republicans are to be given only
a perfunctory chance to take part, he
will not serve.
Senator Newlands himself is desir
GUS that the legislation be considered
in non.partisan fashion, but the indi
cations ara that he will be unable to
control the narrower partisan ele
| ment OF the democrats in the senate
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1914-01-28
AMERICAN FARMER
DEhfANI)a RIGHTS
Commission Which Studied Rural
Credits in Europe, Called
on President.

limited Press Leased Wire .Seryice.i
WASHINGTON Jan. 2s.-Presidenl
Wilson was told today that the Amer
ican farmer is demanding his rights.
The commission which spent most oil
last summer investigating rural
credit plans abroad visited the white
house to discuss the scope of pro-
posed legislation creating rura'
credit plan for the country. Every
possible suggestion was canvassed,
resulting in the decision that while a
bill will be introduced In ths near
future, 1t will be tentative only.
Representative Robt. J. Bulkley ol
Cleveland told the president that he
bslieved no plan yet suggested was
wholly acceptable to the American
farmer He told OF numerous letters
from agriculturists who insist thai
plans satisfactory to Europe are fa'
from being workable here.
Bulkley suggested that the bill al
prepared by the committee be intro
duced in congress and public hear
ings given. Then he wants the inves
tigating committee continued and IT
activities this time devoted to Amer
lea instead of Europe. Action on thu
bill could be deferred until the mex
congress but he said in the meantime
the needs OF the farmer could be as
| certained.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1914-01-28
Eight More Arrests to be Made
Since Gang Secrets
Have Been Re
vealed.
PLANTED MANY BOMBS
Witnesses Cody Tell Of Settling Of
Internal Machines With no
Respect For
Lives.

UNITED Press Leased Wire Service.]
NEW YORK, Jan. 28.-Eght addi-
tional arrests are expected to be made
soon in the round UP Of gang Of
Black handlers here who gave no
thought to the taking Of human life
as they piled their trade of exploding
bombs and abducting young girls into
white slavery. When the taking OF
testimony in the trial of Angelo
Sylyestro for the planting of bomb
on the lower east side was resumed
today, Anotio Sedaitis, the third mem
ber of the gang to turn states evil
dence, told how he had participated In
the exploding OF twenty-thr bombs
and corresponded in many respects
to the testimony of Alfred Lehman,
Il an under-sized man of twenty-three,
and Rocco Pucciarello, cripple
known as lump Sedaitis, short
!necked, bushy haired Pole, cody told
how he had planted bombs, sometimes
! working with Lehman and sometimes
alone. He denied, however, that an.
bomb he had ever exploded had result
! ed in loss Of life.
.zump" may be recalled to th'
stand during the day to continue, hi
STORY
4 Owing to his crippled condition, h
4 usually served as lookout and ha
also told Of disposing OF counterfel
fifty cent pieces furnished him b
members Of the gang
The grand jury today indicte
Lycholo Eschile and Louie Goldsteir
other members Of the gang, for
, murder in August.
Evidence came through Goldsteir
!, Goldstein is now serving term i
Sing Sing.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1914-01-28

ON THE MOVE
Senator Kenyon's j Cleans
up National Capit.s nd Red
Light DistS is
in Pa!

UNITED Press Leased Wire service.l
WASHINGTON, Jan. %. - Its
tawdry tinsel barred by the search
light Of law, Its pianos stilled and its
inmates in panic CT fear, the nation
al capital red light district today was
on the move. Three hundred unfor-
tunates OF the underworld, many des-
titute of street clothing, knew the mo-
ment President Wilson signed the
Kenyon red light" law, police would
begin ejecting the residents of the
vice section. A score or more dis
orderly houses closed today, throwing
nearly hundred girls upon the
streets. Despite the fact that philan
thropic organizations have made .
house to house canvass of the re
stricted district proffering aid to In
mates who desire to live straight,
the authorities fear an epidemic o.
suicides among inmates. Proprietr
esses Of resorts threaten to remove t
residential sections.
| Stanley w. Finch. head OF the de
partment OF justice white slave
bureau, made a personal canvass o
the red light district today. carrying
I with him offers of So week job
from merchants OF 5. Washington an
NEARBY cities. The 7. w. c. A. is rails
ling fund of $4,000 to aid the unfol
4 tunates.
4 Washington is the first large easter
, city to put the injunction and abate
J ment law into effect and reformer
Iare anxious that operation of tn
statute shall STOW other communitie
its efficacy.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1914-01-28
CLASH OF POLICE
AND UNEMPLOYED
Several !. W.. w. Members IN the
Crowd and shots Wore Flrsd
In the Dark.

limited Press Leased Wire Service.1
CHICAGO, Jan. 2s.-six men are
under arrest today, two of them l.
w. w. leaders. the result OF a clash
between flying squad of detectivet
and crowd of 1000 unemployed men
and women who marched on the Max
well street police station late last
night, following the arrest of Morris
Bernstein, a Russian, on the charge
of melting riot.
Harry Wishnewsky, who, according
to the police, led the march on the sta
ton, was taken into custody. Paul
Wienstein and three other men, who
refused to give their names, were
locked up after three shots were frec
at the detectives from dark door
way.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1914-01-28
TRAIN SERVICE
BEING REsToREDl
Conditions Becoming Normal In oall.
fornIa After Record Brsak-
Ing Rain.

United Press Leased Wire Service. n
SAN FRANCISCO, Calif, Jan 2s-a
Train service was being restored I'M
food swept southern California today
but the coast line of the Southern
Pacific Will not be able to resums
business for several days Western!
Pacific trains were held up today by
a land slide or Feather river canyon.
Santa Barabara and other SOUTHERN
California resorts were still cut or
from railroad communication today
but the high water is subsiding.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1914-01-28
Gust as Good
Won't Do,
Mr.. Retailer!

To the man who knows what he
wants, you can't offer a substitute
and persuade him to take 1t.
Your substitute may be and
probably is, all right, but the GUS
toner doesn't know it, and you
can't blame him for insisting on
having the kind he knows about
and believes in.
This is the day OF advertisement
readers. Men and women take
their newspapers home with them
and keep posted on the things they
buy.
You need have no fear of push.
ing the articles OF general distri-
button that are advertised in the
columns of Tie Gate City.
Meet half way the public demand
created by the manufacturer who
uses newspaper advertising. 1t will
bring you more business and great
er profit.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1914-01-28
Formidable Conspiracy.

MExICo Co GFt, Jan. 2s.--In spite OF
the Huerta governments strenuous eff
forts to belittle the plot to overthrow
the dictator next Sunday, it was ascer.
tanned today that the conspiracy was a
formidable one and that General
Huerta would have been in tight
place but for the timely discovery OF
the plan.
Denial was made that any prison
Iers were executed in connection with
the plot, but rumors persisted that the
ring leaders in the alleged conspiracy
were put out of the way.
I General Huerta and General Blan
uuet, minister Of war, refused to be
seen by newspaper men. Blanque'
under written statement denied tbs
executions He said General Con
zales was in Europe and Genera
Rascon had been recalled to active
army service. It was said by Ameri
cans here that Gonzales was in Wash
ington. Blanquet's statement abou
Rascon was not verified.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1914-01-28
HEAVY FOG
IN THE HARBOR
one Of the Thickest Bunches Of Air
Which Ever Gathered
There.

UNITED Press Leased Wire Service.l
NDW YORK, Jan. 2S.-One OF the
heaviest fogs New York has had In
years lifted tooay after 1t held up six
ocean liners, causing two smash-ups
and landing one boat aground. One
hundred passengers on the Iacka-
wanna ferry boat Scandinavia became
panic stricken when the ferry was
rammed In midstream by car hoat
and carried up stream mile before
tugs could find the two boats.
The municipal ferry boats Brooklyn
and Manhattan crashed. but no one
was injured.
The steamer San Juan ran aground
on Governors Island while lost in
the fog.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1914-01-28
UNCLE SANS EMPLO DYES
ALL TO JOIN THE UNION

Most OF the tradesmen employed
by the governm snt in large numbers
are already organized said Secre-
tary Morrison, "and the next step Is
to unity the governments semi-skill-
ed laborers.
The work OF organization will by
no m cans be confined to Washing
ton. Every large center OF govern
ment activity comes within the scope
of the plan.
As far as possible the unionlzing
OF federal workers will be coordinate
with tbs federation's program OF or
ganizing the working women outlined
by the executive council here last
week.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1914-01-28
PROFESSOR
WAS SLASHED
Throat Cut Almost From Ear
to Ear During Desperate
Fight in the Glass
Room.
limited Press Leased wire Service. j

UNITED Press Leased Wire Service
CHICAGO, Jan. 2s.-Unconscious
and a victim of q mysterious razor
attack. Professor Thomas j. Bos
worth, thirty-two, member of the UnI7
versity and Harvard clubs. and Of a
prominent Salem, Mass, family, lay
in hospital today with his throat
cut almost from ear to ear and in
critical condition. The police are
searching for two men Of swarthy
complexion. who they believe welded
the razor.
Bosworth left his rooming house late
last night and went to the office Of
the Chicago Latin school, 8 fashion
able prep" school, where he is pro-
fessor Of English More than an hour
later he orawled to drug store.
nearly dead from loss of blood.
The police found evidence OF a des-
perate battle In the school Office. The
walls were blood spattered and trot
phies had been knocked from the
shelves. On the floor was found q
woman's long black broadcloth coat.
the police believe may afford them a
clue.
Detectives refuse to say on what
information they are basing then
search for the men Of swarthy COM
plexfon.
Meager description OF two swarthy
skinned men, from the lips OF PROBES
sor Thomas J. Bosworth, when he re
gained consciousness, today, and the
woman's broadcloth coat, found in Tho
office of the Chicago Latin school. an
the only clues held by the police n
, the investigation of the mysterious at
tack upon the handsome English In
structor late last night.
. 1.-TWO men did it, Bosworth gasp
: ed. "One Of them was white ma,
and the other looked like a mulattc
q Ii think they were thieves
Bosworth lapsed into unconscioui
Il ness again a1i,i tue police were unabl
y to get further statement from him.
Detectives who visited the schoe
4 office today do not believe the me
who slashed Professor Bosworth wit
q a razor were thieves They point ou
several valuable silver trophy cups 1
the room where the struggle occur
y red were not disturbed.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1914-01-28
LAST PENNY OF DEBT
PAID BEFORE He DIED

ing against him for $500, his rela-
tives announced today
Thompson produced the works Of
former Governor Geo w. Pesk OF
Wisconsin, including editions OF
"Peck's Isad Boy, and works by opie
Read and other western writer's, viz
tually opening UP new field. Four
years ago he met financial regeises
and a pstition for a receiver was
prepared On his promise to mset
every one Of his debts, the petition
vas Withdrawn He went TO work
with renew visor and made good
every one of tho losses. lie died
4 yesterday as he completed his task.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1914-01-28
CONTESTS
FOR SENATOR
President Not to Take Part in
Any Of the Local Fights
Unless He Feels
Like It.
IBy John E. Nevin, staff correspond
ent United Press.

lbv JOnn u. NeYln, 6taM COTIespoHd-
ent United Press.l
! WASHINGTON, Jan. 2S.-The ad-
ministration Is exercised over polit-
ical developments in connection with
the United States senatorship con
test in certain states. 1t developed tc-
day that at conference in the white
house last night with VIM. NJ. Nc
Combs, chairman of the democratic
national committee, the problem was
thoroughly canvassed.
With the installation OF direct cleo
ton of United States senators by the
people, political bosses are shyiHN
their hats into the ring. This Is
noticeably SO in Illinois, where Roger
Sullivan is an avowed candidate, and
in Indiana. where Tom Tagsart has
let 1t be known that lie plans to sue
Iceed Senator Shively. Complaint has
been made to the white house that
friends Of these candidates claim the
president will support them. Denial
was made at the executive Offices to
| day that this Is true.
THE president is not taking any
part in local fights anywhere and has
not endorsed any candidate for sen
iatorship," said Secretary Tumulty.
! It is understood that while this vii
be the attitude of the administration
1.-The president will reserve the right te
take pronounced stand in every In
stance where a party boss by reason
OF his control of the party machinery
seems about to capture the covete'
iloga. In the case of Taggart for in
Stance it is generally claimed by Sen
ator Shively's friends that the presi
dent will take pronounced stan'
(, against the owner of French Lick am
!, r. favor of the incumbent. Senate
i lShiyely saw the president today.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1914-01-28
kenyon's Hog Bill.

UNITED Press Leased Wire Service.]
WASHINGTON, Jan. 2s.-"For Just
twenty cents Uncle Sam can have a
senator shaved in a free barber shop
in the capitol or can inject enough
serum to cure hog Of cholera" com
mented Senator Kenyon today in dis.
cussing his hog cholera bill. "Any
senator can send twenty Of his friends
to have their boards removed, but
would it not be better to save the life
of one hog than to have senator's
face moved and powdered?.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1914-01-28
Paid the Western Newspaper
Union Good Prices for
Publishing Fake
Interviews.
CALLED DIsLoYAL ACT
Officials Of "Patent fnsldes' Concern
scathtnsly Denounced for
Thor areed for
Monss.

EUnfted Press Leased Wire EervAcs.E
WASHINGTON, Jan. Is. OnicialSl
OF the Western Newspaper Union wersg
soathingly denounced by members OF
the senate lobby committee todny.
You were hired by foreign gov.
ernment to do IN aot disloyal to your5
own country. Are you not ashamed Of
that?" Numbered Senator Nelson.
Mr.. Washington Of the union plead;
ed in extenuation that big Chicagua
newspapers, especially the Tribune
and Record-Hrald. had published thsa
same kind Of articles.
The particular printed interview tOi
which the attention OF the oonmitteei
had been called, supposedly from ana
Iowa farmer who had left poverty mi
the United States to find prosperitya
in Canada, was published. Washington
said, in about 1900 newspapers.
| President g. A. Joslyn, Of the union,
admitted that the Canadian govern
ment had been paying the Western
Newspaper Union tor sixteen years to
get articles boosting Canada inserted
in the patent insides'' of small news
papers. He explained that the editors
had only to print these on one side.
Inquiry as to whether the Western
Newspaper Union was q trust were
made by Senators Nelson and over-
,iIndar. 55oslyn tysf thaT . holding
company capitalized at s6,25o,0o con.
|troIled the branches. He said its act
ual physical valuation would show
about $4,200,0o0. He said the depart
nent OF Justice had completed an. in
/ yestigation Of tho trust" feature, with
out decision.
Washington admitted $4,000 Ameri-
cans had been attracted each year to
Canada. He urged however, many
Canadians were attracted to this coun-
try. Special advertising representa-
tive Of the Canadian government, VIM.
J. White, made voluntary statement.
He said he had been exceedingly care.
ful to keep we'll within the bounds OF
truth in advertisements. He declared
that Canada spent between 100000
and $4,000 yearly IN advertising In
the United States.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1914-01-28
Goa, Porters strike.

UNITED Press Leased Wire Service.]
LONDON, Jan. 2S.-The coal port
ers' strike was almost ended today.
The majority of the men have return
ed to work by their own request,
though very few obtained the In.
creased wage they demanded. Citi-
zens, rich and poor alike, with autos
and go-carts, carried their own coal
during the strike and the employers
made no attempt to reach an agree
ment with the men.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1914-01-28
Alaskan Railway BHi.

UNITED Press Leased Wire Service.l ]
WASHINGTON Jan. as.-Another
whole day in discussing the Alaska
federal railroad bill was spent today
by the house A compromise substt
tute for the Chamberlain bill passed
by tbs senate, probably will be pass
ed In conference. s40,ooO,oo0 is ap
propriated by Chamberlain for q fed
era1 road and by Wickersham, s25,
100000. Both provide federal opera
ton leasing the road. Next Wsdnes
day the house will conclude the gen
eral debate on the measure and pass
it either February II or 1S.