davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1914-05-29
Cost of Everyday Articles.

The disastrous explosion in a Detroit
manufacturing plant, with a fatality list
surprising in its proportions TO the num-
Der exposed that of most battles is a
needed reminder of the risks men daily
run in supplying humaity's most ordinary
needs Few think Of what the articles of
common use involve in their making and
distribution; but the food we eat, the
clothes We wear the furniture or the
pleasure vehicles we use, are prepared
for us and brought to us often at the peril
of lives.
That explosives OF a fearfully high de-
gree OF instability are utilized in the man.
ulacture of such humdrum article as
imitation leather, which we see about us
every day and scorn for its commences.
and that these explosives ieopardize the
life of every man who handles them or is
in the range of their deadly effect, are
facts that startle when we are forcibly
brought to realize them But it is not
only imitation leather that is thus sur
rounded with danger in its making. The
records Of industrial insurance reveal a
multiplicity of accidents every day and in
every branch of industry.
The completely OF our modern life is
fearfully impressive, but it is rarely that
we consider it. And this is for the best
If humanity were always conscious of the
dangers through which it moves we
should be creatures of tense nerves,
starting AT every sound. frightened to
venture about our daily affairs. Detroit
Free Press.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1914-05-29
Manifest Destiny"

The grab Mexico" advocates and the
"on-to-Panama" shouters talk glbly
about manifest destiny" 1t is inevita-
BILE, they tell us, that we should take
over all of the country lying between us
and the Panama Canal. The Louisville
"Courler-Iournal," goes back to Stephen
A. Douglas for quotations in point:
I'VE must have Cuba and Mexico and
Central America" said Douglas. Ours
is a progressive nation and acquisition
is inevitable to progress. As a young,
vigorous and growing people we must
obey the sCriptural mandate to increase
and multiply, and, as fast as we increase
and multiply, we must expand. Ii is the
law OF our being, and it is manifest des-
Tiny. You could not resist it if you
tried"
The manifest destiny" is fascinating
and allurlng, but. unfortunately, it has
its weak spots. No one can give any
convincing reason why destiny should
take us to The South sooner than it does
to the North. Canada is just as fair and
inviting as is Mexico, and we have
Alaska 10 connect up with on the other
side of it IN counterpart to the Canal on
the far side of Mexico, and both are
equally manifest" Destiny is no re.
specter of the points of the compass, but
1t dlscreetly travels along the lines of the
least observation-disclosures Bee.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1914-05-29
Hysteria and Heat.

Science is conclusive as to the associa-
tons of hrSlcrla aud heat The sisters on
the rampage in England are leading illus
tralionS oi The ilcf that as the heated sea-
son draws on. tse force of hysteria in
creases. But while it is very convenient
TO belabor the suffragetteS. it is as we'll
TO note the fact that the association is a
universal one. The age is getting highly
hysteriCal anyway and the influence of
the heated season is likely to increase
the phobias.
This is true of local and national as
well as of international matters of agita-
ton. Keep Cool" is the simple adage
for the avoidance of energy wasting hys-
terra. 1t is the adage for health and
sense conserving sentiments 1t is the
adage for all of those who wear binders
or are affected with astigmatism or other
wise prone to see social or intellect
ual miraees or to writhe in historical
nightmares of anv description.
The rise of the Thermometer is a warm
ing against all emotional excuses; and as
the mercury spells heat the same adage
keep cool' should be pregnant with
meaning for the intellectually as well as
the otherwise aggressively heated pro
motors of any kind or fad. reform, reno
walton or revolution.-B Ameri-
can.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1914-05-29
Serious Auto Spill.

Four persons IN an automobile mar
rowv escaped death or serious injury on
Tuesday night on the road between
Brunswick and Knoxville, when the ma
chine struck large stone in the road and
turned turtle G.. F. Mason, owner
and driver of the machine. was pinned
beneath the automobile and was badly
cut and bruised
Those IN the party were: Benjamin
Arthur, of Loudoun county, Va, and the
Messrs. Mohler, of near Point of Rocks.
Judge" Mason was returning TO his
home when the accident occurred and
was driving at moderate rate of speed.
Mr.. Arthur escaped with a broken arm
and had scalp wound. DR.. HORNE was
called and rushed from Brunswick to
give medical attention 10 the injured
men. The machine was badly damaged
and can only be put into running order
by the expenditure of several hundred
dollars.
The accident is attributed to the bad
condition of the road between Knoxville
and Brunswick. The residents of that
section have made repeated attempts to
have the county repair the road but
without avail Some of the residents OF
that section claim that huge stones stick
out of the road. making accidents similar
to Tuesday night common.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1914-05-29
Good Tilth.
by Karl Langenbeck. J

Soil that is too heavy to pillow, and
that holds water and dries with big
cracks, is the despair of the farmer. 1t
takes three things to do any good with it
in ordinary farming. First, hard work
in blowing; second, more work in re-
peat"d rolling and narrowing; third har
rowing; third time, which means work
again, in cultlvatng. And, even then.
satisfactory mulch that holds moisture
in drouth IS barely attainable. Such
land is discouraging in a wet season and
equally so IN dry one. But there is an
effective remedy and one that costs less
than the extra labor of two seasons.
That remedy is soil Ejaculation on cor
recting the sickness of clay by chem
ical which Counteracts. Ejaculation in
agriculture is accomplished economi
cally only by quick lime. Nothing else
takes its place, and when thoroughly
done. it lasts In this case, there is little
danger OF over lining for tine quick lime
attacks the clay in preference to the
humus.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1914-05-29
Memorial Services at Thurmont.

The annual Memorial Day services at
Thurmont will take place on Saturday
next at I o'clock p. M, and extensive
preparations have been made for observ-
ing the day The services will be in
charge of Jason Damuth Post, No. So, G..
A. R. Preceding the decoration of the
graves of departed soldiers there will be
parade In which members of Jason Da-
muth Post, Good Samaritan Lodge, |.
Q. O. F., Chancellor Lodge. K. Of P,
Columbia Council, Ir. o. U. A. NJ,
Guardian Hose Company and public
school children will take part. The Tr.
0. U. A. NJ Councils of Rock Ridge,
Creagerstown, Walkersville and Pen-Mar
have also been invited to parade. The
Monocacy Valley Band of Creagerstown
and the Yellow Springs Band will furnish
music. The orator of the day will be
Leo Wineberg, Esq, of Frederick Capt.
George L. Castle is chairman OF the COM
mittee in charge Of the exercises.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1914-05-29
Find New Fruits in Brazil.

The Department OF Agriculture has
issued this statement
The expedition sent to Southeastern
Brazil last October returned to Washing
ton on Sunday, the 18th. The expedl-
ton was sent for the purpose of lnvesti-
eating the navel orange of Bahia, plants
OF which were introduced in 1870 and
now form the great navel orange indus
try of California.
"One expert OF the expedition, A. d.
Saemel, returned in February. P. H.
Dorset and Wilson Popence, after in
vestigating the Bahia oranges in Bahia
and Rio, made an expedition down the
San Francisco River, river about the
size of the Missouri, and collected and
brought home considerable quantities
of the seed Of foreign grasses, fruit trees
and ornamental trees and shrubs adapt
ed particularly to the Southern States.
They found the southeastern provinces
OF Brazil to contain a number Of new and
promising fruits, which the Brazilans
domesticated, just as North Americans
have domesticated the wild grape and
the blackberry. These plants will be
sent to the propagating gardens in Mary
and, California and Florida, and as soon
as the material is propagated from them
It will be sent out to such experimenter.
throughout the country IA are inter
eSted."
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1914-05-29
Detriments to Business

That new construction by the railroad
companies has been stopped is shown by
the report of the railroad employment
agencies. In Chicago. for example, less
than 100 men were sent out this year; a
year ago the number was 1000.
Work now is limited to the mainten-
ance OF existing tracks, and thousands of
industrious men are thus forced into idle
ness by the refusal of the government
to permit the carriers to earn enough to
enable them to extend their mileage to
correspond with the needs of an increas.
ing population
The records of the Interstate Com
merce Commission shows the heavy cuts
in the net earnings due to the unde6nable
laws, compelling the railroads to hire su-
perfiuous men, higher taxes and costs
OF supplies and increases in wages. Yet,
instead of deciding the petition for ade-
quate revenue on the sufficient informa
ton already available, the commission
engages lawyers who devise questions
requiring statistical answers that have no
essential bearing on the subject Of rates.
Meanwhile, general business is suffering
because the railroads are driven out OF
the supply markets by the unbusiness-
like policy of the commission.
1t IS time for President Wilson to take
a decided stand for a square deal and do
what ne can to stop the dilly-dallying of
the commission. Providence Journal.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1914-05-29
Commission Reports That it
Costs 65 Cents a Bushel to
Raise Wheat in Saskatch-
evan

American wheat growers and farmers
Will be much interested in the report of
commission appointed by the govern
ment of Saskatchewan Ito examine into
the ways and means for bettering the po-
sition of Saskatchewan grain in the Eu-
ropean markets." Incident to this inveS-
tigation the commission looked into the
cost of producing wheat under the pres
ent conditions in that province of Cana
da. The wheat producers of the various
sections of the United States will be in
terested to know that under present con-
ditions the cost of producing wheat as
determined by the commission is re-
ported to be SIS cents per bushel on the
farm, and 81 cents per bushel f. O. b.
cars at country points. According to
the report, the cost of production has in
creased 1915 per cent. since 1900, while.
on the other hand, the price OF wheat TO
the Saskatchewan farmer has decreased
from 8I4 cents per bushel in 1000 to
6o4 cents per bushel in 1913, leaving a
net return, on this basis, OF AS cents
per bushel to the farmer.
1t is possible that the interesting flo
ures which have been developed by the
Grain Commission will account for the
fact that large number of American
farmers who have, in recent years, left
the States to engage in farming in this
territory, are now applying for certifi
cate which permits the return of house,
hold effects to the United States. If the
economic situation suggested in the
above statement is not the cause. per-
haps it may be found in the long and
rigorous winters that are characteristic
OF this section as compared with those
IN the leading farming districts of the
United States.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1914-05-29
The Need of Leaders.

If one should say the need of the
hour, in our country, if not also IN all
others, is that of leaders, it would not be
wide of the mark. Under our form OF
government the people are the rulers;
but in ruling themselves they must have
leaders This is necessary in the very
nature of things. Even the ANIMALS in
the fields and forests. and the birds that
fly in the air have their leaders and
they lead. If their followers fail to fol.
low, it is done at their own risk
There are men IN our country. and
more'S the pity, not a few of them, who
would lead, and exercise influence by
flattery. They would have the people
think that they, each and every one,
KIN oW as much about what is good for
them as any one Of their fellows. This
cannot be true One man concentrates
his thought upon one thing, another
upon another. Upon the subject the
mind is concentrated, the thinker be-
comes proficient, goes into its depths,
while the one that has given it only a
passing thought sees nothing below tho
surface.
1t is absolutely necessary for nation,
that would have peace and prosperity,
to have wise leaders, leaders who
know how to lead, and who have the
courage to do 1t without resorting to fiat
terry by which means they would deceive
people concerning themselves. Some
wouldbe leaders are only bosses, or
would be, but they are the last men in
the world who should be recognized as
leaders. Knoxville Journal and Tribune.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1914-05-29
Cash Business is Increasing,

That the Frederick county people are
discarding the giving of small judgments
for comparatively small bills and are be-
coming alienated from the credit system
as far as small amounts are concerned is
evidenced by the small number Of en-
tries that have been made at the Clerks
Office in the Record of Magistrate Judg-
mens during the past month. Never in
the history of the court house have there
been so few entries in this record. This
month up until Wednesday only one en-
try had been made,
An inspection of the record for a period
OF eight years back shows that never was
there a time when SO few Magistrates
Judgments were recorded. The average
for the seven or eight years per month
is about twenty entries. In April of this
year, eighteen entries were made, in
March, thirty nine entries, and in Febru-
airy, sixteen, showing that there is very
decided jump as far as this year is con-
cerned.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1914-05-29
Girl s. High School Banquet.

Preparations are fast being completed
for annual banquet to be given by the
Girls High School Alumnae Association
on Friday evening, June 5th, in the din
ing parlors of the new City Hotel. A
meeting of the committee in charge of
the banquet was held on Tuesday after
noon and various reports were given
which lead us to believe that this years
banquet will be the largest and most sue
cessful ever held by the association.
The President, Miss Kate Shank. will
be the POSTMASTER and the members who
will respond to the toasts will not be an
nounced until the night OF the banquet.
Manager c. B. Cox, Of The New City
Hotel, promises to have laid an attractive
table, and everything will be served in
the most appetzing manner.
There are about two hundred and forty
members of the association and with the
large number who will graduate from
the High School this year, it is expected
that large crowd will be present. A
brief business session will be held pre-
ceding the banquet
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1914-05-29

If the labor organizations say that no
man shall employ anybody that does not
belong to labor union, and be bound
to pay him such price as the labor
union shall prescribe, what are we 60
ing to do about it if the labor unions
and farmers are exempt from punish
ment by the operation of an Anti-Mo-
nopoly Law? We do not say Or mean
that the farmers or labor unions would
do any such things, but what we do
mean is that the farmers and labor I'M
ions should not have the license to do
these things. We mean that the farm
ers and labor unions should be restrain
ed like all other citizens from doing that
which will injure all of the people. The
same law should be for all of the people
and there should be no exceptions, no
matter who, 1t may affect.
Law ought to be to protect and to
punish all who violate it, and there
ought to be no exceptions from its opera
ton 1t is said that President Wilson
is bitterly opposed to any such ex-
emption and it is hoped to amend that
provision to avoid veto.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1914-05-29
State to Improve Road Through
MiddletOWn.

The State Roads Commission has given
assurances to the Mayor and Council of
Middletown that the bed of Main street,
through the town, would be improved in
the near future. 1t is the intention of the
Roads Commission to build a road bed
from ID to I6 feet in width, and not from
curb to curb, as had been hoped thew
would do by the Middetown authorities.
If Main street is to be improved from
curb to curb it will be up to the people to
complete the work, and the Mayor and
Council will meet in few DAYS to con-
slider what course they will pursue. Until
the last session of the Legislature it was
the policy of the State Roads Commits.
sion not to improve roads within the Inn
its Of towns, although the title to the bed
OF the road belonged to the State.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1914-05-29
Commencement Exercise 8.

Following is the program of the COM
mencement exercises of the Frederick
High Schools May 81 to June 3, 1914:
Sunday, May 81, 10 80 a. m.-Sermon
to graduates, Rev. E. Fl. Hummelbaugh,
u. B. Church.
Monday, June I, 8 p m.-Girls Class
Night. City Opera House.
Tuesday. June 2, s p. m.-Boys Class
Night City Opera House.
Wednesday, June g. s p. m.-Com-
mencement exercises. City Opera House.
Address, Judge M. L. Keedy, Hagers-
town, Md.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1914-05-29
Want Warner to Run Again.

According to an announcement from
Rockville interest has been aroused
among Montgomery county Republicans
bv the announcement that friends of
Brainard H. Warner, Jr., of Kensington,
are urging him to become candidate
for the Republican nomination for Con-
gress in this district. 1t is believed that
he can be prevailed upon to announce his
candidacy.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1914-05-29
Should Board Cars From RICH

For the safety of the public and to
eliminate all Interruptions to traffic,
Mayor Fraley had a conference with
Superintendent R. Paul Smith, Of the
Hagerstown and Frederick Railway
Company concerning the establishment
of rigid rule to board and leave all
electric cars from the right side. Super
iulendent Smith was pleased with the
idea and said that just as soon as the
new manager of the company had been
selected that he would take the matter
up at once.
The Mayor promised Superintendent
Smith that the Frederick police force
would cooperate in this movement to
have all trolley cars boarded from the
right side and would insist that all vehi-
cles and automobiles stop while people
are getting off and on cars, at least as
far as the right side is concerned.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1914-05-29
New County Health Officer.

The position Of County Health Officer,
which pays the salary of 81 400 per an
mum, was rendered to DIR. Ralph Brown
ing, OF Myersvlle. MIR. Browning is the
President of the Frederick County Med
ical Society, and is well known as an ar
dent organization Democrat. The long
wrangle in the County Commissioner
Board was brought to an end by the Sc
lection OF DIR. Browning.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1914-05-29

AT the meeting of the Midland Iron
and Steel Wages Board in Birmingham
IN the middle Of March, the annual re-
port showed that under the sliding scale
the puddlers' wages had advanced from
los. sd ($2.4o) to TO- cd ($2.62) in the
summer, but afterwards dropped to
los. (243). To these figures must be
added the bonus OF cd. (I2 cents) Der
long ton granted two years ago.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1914-05-29
Board Of Charities and Core c
tions Quit.

On Monday last, May 23th, at the
meeting of the Board of Charities and
Corrections, the board decided to retire
at the request of the Board of County
Commissioners, on July Ist. The condi-
tons at Montevue Hospital under the
present administration has been very
favorably commended.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1914-05-29
THE EXEMPTION OF FARMERS
AND LABOR ORGANIzA-
TONS FROM THE ANTI.
TRUST LAW.

There is now pending in the House
OF Representatives a bill intended to add
strength to the Sherman Anti Trust
Law. The Anti Trust Law is now con
coded by all parties and citizens to be
one Of the wisest and best laws ever
passed by Congress. But the Supreme
Court of the United States saw fit for
some reason to read into that law, in the
Standard Oil Case, what the Supreme
Court called the "rulc of reason" And
ever since it was rendered there is a
universe, demand that the Anti Trust
Law should be strengthened so as to re-
peal the Supreme Courts "rule of rea-
son, or destroy the effect of that de-
cisiOn in that respect,
In the effort to so amend this law the
administration advocates several bills
amending the Antitrust Law. The
Democrats in Congress had offered three
bills to that effect. The one now in
the House of Representatives is called
the Clayton Anti Monopoly Bill, named
after Mr.. Clayton, the Chairman of the
Judiciary Committee of the House of
Representatives This bill is both de
claratory and amendatory of the Sher
man Antitrust Law. 1t has met with a
strong opposition to its passage by the
House OF Representatives from the
farmers and labor organic ,tions of the
country.
The farmers AMI the labor organza-
tions demand that they be exempted
from the operation Of Anti Monopoly
Laws. They do not give any reason
why they should be, except that they
are farmers and labor organizations In
two distinct acts passed by the appro-
priation bills in the last three wears. this
same question arose, once during the adj
ministration of President Taft, and
which he promptly and most properly
vetoed. This was one of the best
things that President Taft has to his
credit.
Then about year ago the same ques
ton was presented to President Wilson
In an Appropriation Bill, denying the
administration the right to use any of
the money appropriated in that bill for
the protection of the farmers and labor
organizations. President Wilson passed
the bill with an apology, by saying that
he was opposed to it, but he said that
there had been other money appropri-
ated, which could be used in such pros
ecution.
This is far more important question
to the people than it at first appears to
be, and every citizen ought to take time
to look into it thoroughly. Why should
farmers and labor organizations be ex-
empted from prosecution for any crimes
that they commit? If any man or set
OF men, commit crime against the peo-
pie, the only thing to do is to punish
according to the law those guilty of yio-
lating the law. That is the only rul.
and the only protection that the people
have. Suppose, for instance, that the
farmers form union and agree to hold
their wheat, corn and meat unless they
get three times as much as it would be
worth in an open market. Does anv
body believe that this would be right
This was crime by the old common
law of England, and was adopted by our
country at the American Revolution.
1t is sound and absolutely necessary
law.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1914-05-29

Former Mayor Thos. c. Hayes, Of
Baltimore, whose candidacy against Hon.
John Walter Smith, for United States
Senator, has been sought by certain fac
tons in Baltimore, has positively de-
clined to be candidate Setting forth
that his business interests would not per-
NIT him to do SO.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1914-05-29

pa Permanent Democratic Headquar-
tiers have been established in Frederick
in the second story of the Williamson
Building, opposite THE CITIZEN office on
Court street, between Church and Patrick
streets, where all members OF the party
will be welcome at all times