davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Wahpeton times. [volume] (Wahpeton, Richland County, Dakota [N.D.]) 1879-1919, 1914-12-10
COUNCIL PROCEEDINGS

Regular meeting of the Wah-
peton City Council held December
9TH. 1914. at 1880 O'Clock d. M.
with Mayor Fligelman presiding
Meeting called to order by May
or Fligelman.
Aldermen present: Fricke. ST.
monsen. Hodel. Mahan. Braun
Connolly. Harris and Mccoy. Alb
sent: none.
Minutes of the last regular
meeting read and approved as
read.
Motion made and carried that
the reports of w. l.. Forkner. SUI
perintendent of the waterworks
for the months of October and
November be accepted and placed
on file.
Motion made and carried that
the monthly report of +. B.
Schneider. police magistrate. be
accepted and placed on file.
Motion made and carried IT,
the monthly report of w. f. Eek =
City Treasurer. be accepted and
placed ON file.
The Wahpeton times. [volume] (Wahpeton, Richland County, Dakota [N.D.]) 1879-1919, 1914-12-10
N. D. TAX COMMISSION.
Bio BLIZZARD

Nome, Alaska. Dec. because
of the furious blizzard of the last
three days. which has done much
property damage along Bering
Sea. all attempts to move the
mails have been abandoned. as the
dog teams cannot cross the brid-
ges. and are unable to go against
the blizzard. The water along the
beach is rising. but it is believed
that the ice pack which is damned
against the buildings and the
bulkheads along the water front
The Wahpeton times. [volume] (Wahpeton, Richland County, Dakota [N.D.]) 1879-1919, 1914-12-10
people there had various opin-

people there had various opin-
ons ahq%t such UGH an attemptt Some
past" Oothers said: "You cannot
hold a revival in Larimore."
There were still others who said
1--WE don't believe in the revival !:
the people don't want a revival"
etc.
Evangelist Jimmy" Kendall
came and began preaching; the
interest increased from the first
service and now the revival has
the whole city and surrounding
country in it's grip.
The Wahpeton times. [volume] (Wahpeton, Richland County, Dakota [N.D.]) 1879-1919, 1914-12-10
REVIVAL At LARlMoRE

Some time ago when the an
nouncement was made that there
would be an old fashioned revival
at the Methodist church in Lari-
more and an Evangelist from
Kentucky would do the preaching.
The Wahpeton times. [volume] (Wahpeton, Richland County, Dakota [N.D.]) 1879-1919, 1914-12-10
WATKINS REMEDIEa

have the agency for the Wat
kin's liniments. spices. extracts
and toilet articles for the south
half of Richland county. includ-
ing the city of WahpetOn.
A full line of the above arti-
cles is kept at 81 Second street
south.
Telephone No.. 311J
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1914-12-16

TO RENT-Two front rooms suitable for
Offices corner of North Main and Granite
streets Apply at Creamery, 800 North Main
street, ls5tf
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1914-12-16

career, DR.. King was acting assistant
surgeon of the United States army in
1864; professor OF obstetrics, lS7l-l0l4
and dean of the medical school, ls70-lS0f
of Columbia university; consulting phys
ician of the ehildren's hospital In Wash
ington obstetriean, George Washington
University hospitals professor of obstet-
RIGS at the University of Vermont, 1870
1914; member of the Royal society of
medicine of London; member of the
American genealogical society; fellow
OF A, A, A. s.; member of the Washing
ton academy of sciences, president of
the Washington Obstetrical and Gyneeo-
logical society, SS0-lss7 and of the
Medical society of the District OF CO.
lumbia in 1883. 1884.
DR.. King was the author of "a Man
uai of Obstetrics" published in 1882, and
Mosquitoes and Malaria" published in
1883. He was the first man who con-
ceived the idea, which he carried to prac-
teal demonstration, that malaria had its
origin in the bite of the mosquito.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1914-12-16
Missions and the War.

When the war began the three sec
iretares of the y. NJ. G. A. of Geneva
separated, one to fight for the French
the second to Join the colors of the Ger
mans, and the third to take his place
| in rl~ ranks of the Swiss army. The
incident illustrates the descriptions of re-
ligious work which nave occurred all
over the world in consequence of the con
tinental conflict. 1t is said that there
Is hardly a Y. NJ. {. A. secretary in Eu-
rope who is not under arms. The CON
tinuation committee which was the per
manent outcome of the great Edinburgh
missionary conference is now split up into
factions corresponding to the warning
powers.
In Africa two Methodist missionaries
we're laboring side by side teaching the
Bible to Moslems One was a German, a
graduate of Heidelberg and famous
Arabic scholar; the other was French.
But while they worked and prayed to-
gether in Algiers they We're compelled
as officers in the armies of their rcspec-
tive countries to take up arms against
each other Half the Protestant pas
tors of France are reported at the 'front.'
The mission houses in the colonies OF
Germany lost nearly all their students.
OF the II nations whose representatives
met for student conference upon Chris
tian problems in Slesia last summer all
are now in the war but FIVE two Bal
kan states, Holland, Switzerland and
the United States.
The conflict has ended all information.
al conferences and seriously interrupted
intercourse with the mission fields of va
rious churches Many international
Christian organizations have been prac
ticaly dismembered. The one element /
Of hope in the situation is suggested by 1
the news that in Italy the people are 1
everywhere flocking 10 the churches, both /
Catholic and Protestant, and that "a 1
wave OF religious faith is sweeping over 1
all the people" This may be interpreted |
to mean that after peace shall have COME .
a revival OF interest in spiritual thinJ
may spread over the continent Of Es-
rope Boston Herald
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1914-12-16
KEEPING UP WITH THE PR0CES.
SION
Some Plums for fhe Farmer
Il. X. PARKINSON

The successful business man is the one
who has ability TO meet new conditions
and turn them to good account. The
great European conflict now raging, and
WITH but slight prospect of peace for
some time to come, has brought about
a condition of affairs in the agricultural
world which, if taken "at the food
should lead to an unprecedented pros.
! perity. Fortunately, perhaps, for the
farmer, prosperity is an elusive bird and
cannot be caught by putting salt on her
| tail; she must be pursued with double
barreled shotgun loaded with the choic-
est products of the soil and even then
she may be bagged only by persistent
hunting 365 days in the year. In 1910,
the United States imported meat, veg
etables, breadstuffs, seeds, and fertilizers
to the extent of SOL ,65l 1891. In all prob
ability, l9l4-l9l5 will see these imports
wiped out; now, who is to supply them
South American imports from European
countries land of which they are actual
ly in need have been so curtailed that
the up-and doing merchants of this coun-
try are planning to supply them as rap
idly as possible. To do this, manufac-
tulcIh Will nave W run lull tiIHNi anu
full time means full wages, which in
turn means more money to spend, and
therefore more general prosperity.
How many farms share in this new
state of affairs? Well, by increased
protection due to intensive cultivation;
by the intelligent use of commercial
fertilizers; by the feeding of properly
balanced rations; by raising the stand
ard of milk production; by economical
methods of feeding beef, sheep, and
swine; by increasing the egg-yield in the
hennery; by a better knowledge of mar |
keting, including packing and shipping,
when to sell and to whom, and by CO.
operation in every possible way. One
has but to glance at Denmark with her
$4,000 square miles, to realize what in
tensiye farming and intelligent co-opera-
ton can accomplish. OF the same size
as Massachusetts, and New Jersey com
bined, she not only raises enough to
feed her own 100000 people, but ex
ports $l50,0O0,000 of butter, bacon and
eggs, and it is evident that cooperation
had deal to do with this. Every com
munity should unite for the purpose OF
both buying and selling.
Inc ndppy COMPILATIONS OF HldHuldc-
turers and statesmen las to farm prod
ucts) is rare indeed and unless this is
appreciated and acted upon, the unprece-
dented opportunity now offered TO fruit
growers, milkmen, truck and poultry
raisers, live stock breeders. and grain
farmers, will be passed by through sheer
and negligence. The forth
western Fruit exchange offers an excel
lent illustration Of effective co.opera-
lion. With headquarters at Portland,
)re., they are offering through their New
York representative their entire apple
'rop, packed in attractive boxes, and are
advertising extensively in the daily pa
,ers, in street cars, and also with at
ractive little colored folders, as a restlt
# which the demand for their apples is
apidly exceeding the supply
Copyright. 1914. by f. X. Parkinson-All
rights reserved
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1914-12-16

:, TO RENT Furnished room, heated and
lighted. Call at West street. tel. 22s-4
2Slt6
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1914-12-16
Tools and Machinery

Moving machine. 2-horse rake J hum.
Der wagon with hay rack and pole. corn
wagon. dumpcart. sprugtooth harrow,
wheel harrow cultitator 2 Wepdrrs.
farmers boiler rrindst0ne good express
wagon. shafts end pole. two seat.
er. good one. small express
wagon. puug sled express slefch. 2 drIt-
ing slsighs. corn planter. Sharples
cream separator, practically new. used
bat little. road cart. 2 Dr. harnesses. D
nearly new driving harness and an
small tools. such a. boes forks chains.
bars rFrucrs. whlfIrtreps sEFthFs
anpfha. aff sfn
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1914-12-16

FOR SALE-Loose horse and COW hay f.
Carleton, p Highland avenue: phone 44I-1i.
2l7u
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1914-12-16
Death of Former U. v. M. Professor

DIR. Albert Freeman Africanus King
former professor of obstetrics at the
medical college of the University of Yer
mont, Burlington, died suddenly sun
day in Washington of heart failure. He
went TO the medical college in 1879, when
he was 20 years of age, and last June
he completed his 44th year Of service
on the faculty, never missing single
year.
Dr. King was born in England, Jan.
is, ls4l He received his degree OF doc
tor of medicine from Columbia universe
" in Washington, the institution now
being known as George Washington uni
versity, in 1861. He also was gradu-
ated from the University Of Pennsylva-
mia in 1895. He received two honorary
degrees from the University Of Vermont.
master OF arts in 1883 and doctor of
laws in 1904. He married Ellen A. Dcx-
der OF Boston October IL, 1894
In the course Of bis busy professional
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1914-12-16
SAW BOYS RESCUED.
After Going Through Thin Ice Into
Deep Connecticut.

Bratteboro, Dec. l6-Persons looking
out on the Connecticut river toward the
iron bridge leading to Island park about
2.30 o'clock yesterday afternoon were
startled to see young man break
through the ice where the water is ex-
tremely deep, followed in few seconds
by a second young man, and they felt
like applauding the successful act of
rescue by two other young men who were
with them. The ones who broke through
were Joseph Kaine, 2j, and Louis KANE,
II, sons of Village Commissioner and
Mrs. John T. Kane of Elliot street.
Their rescuers were Richard Chamberlain
and Harold Hennessy.
The four had been skating south OF
the bridge. where the ice was safe, and
Joseph Kaine attempted to skate under
the bridge near the east end The ice
was thin there and gave way beneath
him. His brother skated toward him
with o hockey stick and the ice broke
under his weight.
While the two brothers were splash
ing in the icy water, Chamberlain and
Hennessy ran to nearby boat wharf
where they obtained an iron pipe some
Is feet long. with which they pulled the
kaine boys out on the firm ice.
Joseph Kaine received cut over his
right eye, which bled profusely.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1914-12-16

r. c. LITTLE FARM FOR sALE--A Era oao
farm opportunity. and money MAKER = ~ ~
income per year. This farm has been N t s
Little family for century and y onsleu i 10.
sale because must go to warmer ei'nnte W. ;n.
200 acres near heart OF the barrs -. 10 10
dustry / mile from quarries, miles 70 ", paI .I
City no better market in the world al prod
uce sold direct to consumer returns ast ytar
from sugar orchard $500, poultry H,eoo' anry
81 500, milk route, $50 ats. daily, only emile
trip 800 or 400 bearing apple trees, yie,ai nn
about 200 bbs. per year; acres young hcin-
tosh apple trees, acres bearing rhsp6erries
and blackberries, sell from l2He to lse a.,
great bearers and very prohtablei sold t ms
season tons cabbage from acre, 500 l,Sou
bu potatoes from 5 acres, nearly al lo.her
vegetables equally as good; 2-story Dwelling ing
house. built in 1900 with hot, water a a., iuri
mace; estimated value Of hard and soft WOOD
on farms. 1000 poultryhouse and workshop
built in 1911 and 1912 | invite your inspec.
ton of farm and books every statement
proven price reasonable and includes costly
sugar and poultry equipment Il =; Laatie,
owner, telephone 39s-l8. Graniteville, w. ZZsti
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1914-12-16
VERMONT BUSINESS TROUBLES.
Charles L. Kimball, Ferrisburg Man, Files
in Bankruptcy.

Rutland, Dec l6-Charles L. Kimball,
OF the mercantile firm of Cushman &
Kimball of Ferrisburg, has filed petit
tition in bankruptcy with Clerk F. S.
Platt OF the United States court, through
F. w. futile Of Nergennes as counsel.
His liabilities are S7l672l and he gives
his assets as $3.50, with S495 claimed
exempt.
Burlington creditors include O. L. Sher-
man, mortgage, $1,000; Bartlett Shoe
company, 5000; Converse Rubber Shoe
company, $50; Green Mountain Bottling
works, S65; r. L. Parker & Co, $40; Bur
lington Drug company, ssl53; H. p.
Prindle, $35; Spaulding 4 Kimball,
$4S.67; j. o. Moquin, 1884; Vermont
Fruit company, SGO.3s.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1914-12-16
50 HEAD OF STOCK
Tools, Crops, and Machinery

Thirty Cows. now fresh, balance
10 be fresh in early spring and all before
May I, an Holsteius, good size, young
and in good order : 2year-old heifcrs.
Holstein. well marked and very fancy.
TO freshcn this spring, 5 heifer calves.
O yearlings good size, extra nice; ] thor
oughbred Holstein bull; ! Holstein bull,
3 months old ! p very fancy steers =
months Old good bull calf bay mare
about 30 years old, good worker and
driver, in good order. weight about ] 100
ibss ] lo-year-old mare. fancy driver; 3
brood sows. al to farrow in March; 2
J White Chester, full blood.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1914-12-16

10 RENT-Downstair tenement Of rooms.
an modern improvements, at 26 Merchant
street. Inquire at "a Merchant street. 225tf
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1914-12-16
Plainfield Town Meeting

December. 1914.
Dated at Plainheld, VT, this day Dec. 2.
Il. J, BARTLETT, w. II. MARTIN AND
BURT BATCHELDER, selectmen Of Plainfeld.
Vermont.
WHEREAS, a vacancy has occurred on the
board Of school directors in the town Of Plain
field, in the county of Washington and state
Of Vermont, and such vacancy still exists in
said board of school directors except for the
temporary appointment made by the selectmen
Of said town.
AND WHEREAS, the undersigned legal vot-
ers of the town of Panheld. Vermont, believe
that special town meeting OF the voters Of
the town Of Plainfeld should be held for the
purpose Of electing school director to I'll
such vacancy,
NOW THEREFORE,, we. the undersigned le-
gal voters Of the town Of Plainheld, YER
mont, hereby request and petition the honor
able board of selectmen Of said town OF Plain
field to call n special town meeting for the
purpose OF electng school director to I'LL
the vacancy on the board of school directors,
in accordance with section 3436 Of the public
statutes
AND WE, the undersigned, hereby request
the selectmen of the town of Plainheld to call
a special meeting forthwith in accordance with
law and to do any other business when met
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1914-12-16
Hay and Crops

ABOUT So TONS or HAY. 8 ~. oi
ansllnne POO bn nutafnf#. 500 ft ium-
bsr also 90 TONS on HAT. 8N Is. 81
% atpaz auf tons ~ straw 81 the
BafeheIlr farm sample 0f shiah Nll
~ Furnished I'd th8s sale
aIzs aue isrRf SIRE stewart ktehan
range Ed rrad rau am
Safs viii taks Faaee regardless q the
n.f#eeEnr rrrH fsnfs 81
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1914-12-16
Auction
Sale Of Stock, Tools
and Crops

As have sold the Dix farm at private
sale, viii sell at public auction to the
highest bidder on the premises known
as the NJ w. Dix farm in Barre Town,
on the Farwell street road leading 10
East Montpelier. about pc miles from
Barre City. the following described per.
sonal property
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1914-12-16
ANNUAL MEETING

The annual meeting Of the stockholders Of
che Peoples National Bank Of Barre will be
held AZ the banking rooms q said bank In the
city Of Barre. VI. on January Y. 1918. at 10
o'elock a. m. for the purpose Of clecting di-
reCtors for the year ensuing and the transac-
ton of any sher business which may properly
come beforr said meeting
W. c. JOHNSON. JR, Cashier.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1914-12-16
ANNUAL MEETING

The annual meeting Of the Granite Mutual
Insurance Company q Barre. VT. will he
held at the home office Of said company. in
the CITY Of Bare. VT, on tuesday. January 8.
1915. al 10 O'Clock a. m. for the purpose Of
electing dir~cton for the year ensuing and
the transaction II any other business which
may properly core before said meeting.
X C. ROBINSON Ser
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1914-12-16
NOTICE

Secretary wanted for the Gnnite Mhnufae-
tureN Association o. Barre. VI must he
well qualified and with A-No. J references an
excellent opportunity for a bright aggressive
man. State salap expected Applications
must be received by Saturday. December g,
and viii only he OPENED By the board -
directors Address Board q DIRECTOR. Gran
lie Manufacturer Association, Barre. VI
gaeta
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1914-12-16
FOUR LINES FOR Csc

The Times will publish Wants, Lost and
Found For Sale, To Let, ete.-thort anser'
Ave cents for The Grst insertion and five cents
for each subsequent insertion.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1914-12-16
Wednesday, December e

81 nri1aE r 30 0Tanr,afl Every
thing ra d a tbat
a. nr ~ arar e. aaf ti# astaff
Eanr3r f nn fhs ur
farn uas nn ttF rfr
% EEET.
Asmf ~ " Dlr Eel
n a rFpRE. Anrsrrsr
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1914-12-16
ABOUT THE STATE
HAPPENINGS OF INTEREST FROM
DIFFERENT SECTIONS

Harmon G. Macomber who died Sun.
day at his home in Westford, represented
that town in the legislature of 1912.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1914-12-16

Burlington's municipal Christmas tree
Is in place. 1t was secured in West Boil
ton, and although the man who furnish
ed il charged nothing for it, the freight
and carting amounted to $50.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1914-12-16
TIMBER PROPOSITION

Stumpage on about lot acres OF lahd pc
tween Barre and Montpelier, less than "a mile
from the main highway stumpage consists OF
spruce hemlock, fir. cedar and several differ
ent varieties Of hard wood estimated 70 De
475O 900 #. of soft wood and several thousanas
of cords of lockwood. This is an old growth
lot principally and has been preserved for q
great many years. An excellent opportunity
TO set a saw-mi as there is plenty OF yard,
room, etc. The property would not be offered
for sale only on account Of the death of for
ner owner and the estate is being settled
Price If taken at once, with years TO get
III; 227tf
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1914-12-16
WOOD. HAY. POTATOES
FOR SALE

Inasm1ch a. ] have leased my
farm. i VIII sell s few runs Of
good dry block maple wood and
also & quantity ~ limb wood. 81
prices from s225 %.
About - tons 81 choice Sc
lerted horse hav and about FIVE
tons stalk hay. must be Sold
Prcs. $500 per ton.
A quantity rf potatoes. extra
good. smooth. white and msalT.
soc rer bushel p 5-bushsl lots.
Above Muet - Sod
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1914-12-16
MIDWIFERY
A HARD COLD

due 10 q sudden change in The weather.
exposure ar any csase. 4 neglected may
Lad 20 serious hung TROUBLES Keep
Downs Elixir IN the medittns cupboard
and take before the cold develops into
pneumonia 81 consumption becomes
seated. Sold everywhere Advt
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1914-12-16

NO s60--Farm stock and tools Tor 3d.
10000 I40 acres, 80 acres Of nearly level
tilage; all machine moving on main high
way; cream gathered sugar and fruit or,
chard estimated to be $4,000 ft. softWood
timber; good 7-room house with hardwood
floors nice basement barn, shop and siio
running water at house and barn ! mile
from town on r. F. d. and telephone lines !;
owner will sell, including horses, yeariing
colt, 5 cows, yearling heifer, calves. hogs:
40 hens and ducks and a good set OF
farming tools. many of them new. and crops:
for only s3 900 90 222tf
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1914-12-16

The Chapman shops in Burlington have
been closed until spring, owing TO lack
OF business. The shops have been run
ming for some months on part time. The
closure throws between so and 70 men
out of employment. Since the reorgan.
ization two years ago, the shops have
been manufacturing goods largely for the
export trade, which has fallen off on ac-
count of the war.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1914-12-16
REAL ESTATE FOR SALE

FARMS FOR SALE OR ExCHANGE .toi
good renting property farms that ,w'h Aet q
from 10 to 80 cows good locato"' osyn,9s.
Stewart, Mortified, VT NoVs-e
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1914-12-16

INDIAN MOTOR CYCLE FOR SALE--yal-
ne, Sl75 to $780, must sell within 2 weeks
price sl26 for cash twin cylinder in good
working order Address r. B. Waldo Hook
err avenue. 231t3s
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1914-12-16

The Springfield Farmers Cooperative
club is to incorporate and an application
has been made to the secretary of state
for charter, The association, which has
a membership of over 100, is to be cap
italized at $1,000. The club will en-
gage in buying and selling produce on a
cooperative plan. As soon as the char
ter is received, officers will be elected
and the new association will proceed to
business.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1914-12-16

Better look these propos itions over at once,
before the snow becomes deep. We are ready
to make an early appointment with you.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1914-12-16

NO. s64-300-acre farm, stock and tools
about Az miles from WILLIAMSBURG and
from Mortified a good Incorporating prop
osition the owner might exchange Tor
smaller farm; this property will carry from
80 10 40 head and team produced nearly ~
Of buildings and very good land the stock
consists Of IA cows 2-year-olds. TO freshen
this winter, or head Of young stock, 3
horses. shoats, and a complete set Of farm.
ing tools also about 400 hu. oats, 10 tons OF
straw, etc. all for Sc 10000 222tf
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1914-12-16

A loss of $4,000 was caused by fire
Saturday, when three large barns and a
dwelling house, together with their con-
tents, were destroyed on the Harrington
farm, so-called, owned by Mrs. Victor
G. Wilbur and sons Elmo and John Will
bur, in the town of Weatherstield. The
work of bucket brigade and many vol
unteers saved an adjoining dwelling
house and its contents. The stock, con-
sisting OF cattle, horses and hogs, was
liberated before the flames reached the
animals. The barns contained 80 tons
OF hay, 10 tons of straw, $50 bushels of
oats, so bushels of buckwheat, eight tons
OF corn fodder, gasoline engine, and
blower besides other farm utensils.