The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1914-12-01

ago. That was about hftv years ,
iar5S Scosery of America. The Snan-
n.Iisau "urrounded the civ With
dow out n Indians tore them
do"h ana set fire to the houcov II
useu' !. was only through the ieaaan
oniP OF Ines Suarez. a beautif,1 80,
"Ho might be called the Joan a. -
of H lhde the Spaniards of this 49,
81 the world were not than 49,
I'm the 1ace of the earth. This pirI
vas the mistress Of the comma,5ar
"a IVA. IN his absence she ass,m-
~ ne leadership Of the troops. She
iittIa " coat OF mail, and with her
100 spanish army drove he nd;a,S
oack- During the siege she cantnrad
u the Indian chiefs. and il is
oaiu she cut Off their heads with bar
own hands. WIN hef
Durlng the wars with the Arauca-
. .ne Spaniards had much the
La1 experiences that our f~orefathers
mao In the days of the Tbo
and Lin surrounded the settlements
ana Killed every white man thew could
set way from his fellows. They bot
eeu the Spanlards up in Santiago and
forced them to live on rats and tho
tootS OF Wild paints. The Spaniards
nad their starving times similar to
.hose tnat our colon1sts had at James
town. mad during one of these Val
viva VINO was the Capt. John Smith
~ eniie' wrote to Charles V Of Spain
daa. MY grains OF corn were a good
Gays ration. and that the corn was
eaten both meal n brain. Valdivia
carried his fighting far south of
Iemuco. 1t was right here thai he
was once attacked by 40, 900 warriors.
and saved himself only by Charging
the Indians with a OF cav
airy. The Indians were frightened bv
the norses, and in the battle a thou
sand of them were killed and 400 were
taken prisoners. In former campaigns
the Indians had tortured the whites.
n Valdlvia, in order to terrify them.
ordered that the right hands and
noses of the prisoners should be cut
OH. After that they were allowed to
go back to their tribes.
Fighting of his kind went on for
years and during it Valdivia was cap
tured and Ortured to death. He was
carried, naked and bound, through the
woods to an Indian camp, and GER
tain authorities say that the Arau-
canlans poured molten gold down his
throat.
But the story Of these Indian wars
would take many pages. The braves
had their great chiefs in the persons
OF Lautero and C~aupolican, now hon
ored by statues in the Chilean capitol.
1T is enough to say that they were
gradually subdued by the Spaniards
and their lands were taken from them
just as we have taken the lands of our
Indians. They are much like our In
dianS now, being settled upon reserva-
lions or upon individual farms, which
they are no. permitted to sell. The
Of the past has been decimated
by drunkenness and disease, and it
grows fewer every year. 1t comprises
now less than $4,000, and of these
about 80, 900 are scattered over this
province Of Temuco and the country
adjoining.
Most Of the holdings are in reserva-
tons set aside by the government. The
lands are not held in common, but are
divided among the families, SO many
acres being given to each person: A
baby gets the same amount Of land
as an old man of sixty. If one of the
family dies there is a new subdivision
of the land allotted to that family,
and if the whole family disappears
the lands revert to the government.
Most Of the holdings are patriarchal.
Oldest male member of the fam
lily controls the property. and when
dies another is selected to take his
place. Inc pcOplc Ildtc q iOOSC lIlpdi
and are practically ruled by
thier chiefs under the Chilean govern
ment.
During my stay 1 haye visited some
of these Araucanian reservations. The
land about is rolling. and that Of the
Indians is comparatively free from
trees. 1t looks not unlike parts OF
Ohio and Indiana, and there is moth
to indicate that it is on another
and more than a thousand
south of the equator. The SOIL
is a rich black loan, much Of which Is
now covered with wheat ready for
harvest. I am surprised at the extent
Of the Indian farms and the crops.
The farms are mostly worked by the
or half-breeds, who are hired
the Indians for a share of the crop.
n A~raucanian farm | saw a white
man blowing and upon another an in
ChilenO was threShlng
wheat. using an American thresher.
That Indian farmer had about 200
oo-oc IN uhoat and his SONS were