davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-02-05
IMMIGRATION AND LABOR

In the same industry who were on
strike. or have placed special diff
culties in the way of the admission
of newcomers to their own ranks.
Moreover the immigrants have by
no means shown themselves incapable
of organization. as DR.. Hourwich
shows by concrete examples. The
theory that immigrants risk the lives
of their fellow workmen through their
inability to understand instructions
given in English is very common in
America now. But DR.. Hourwich
gives good reasons for making us sus-
pect that the theory is encouraged
by mine owners. in order to stave off
demands that they shall adopt meas
ures up to a European standard for
preventing accidents. The pages in
which he deals with mining accidents
are excellent. 1t is regrettable that
he does not deal more fully with acci-
dents in steel works. since the view
that these are increased as result
of the presence of immigrant work.
men is held by very competent Amer
lean authorities who might be sup
posed to be unbiased.
THE passages in which DR.. Hour
wich shows that almost identically
the same language as that which is
now applied to Slavonic and Latin
Immigrants was used in former gen.
erations in connection with Germans
and Irish are amusing as well as in
structive 'Threeaquarters of a GEN.
fury ago, as today, the only good i'm
migrants were the dead immigrants.
1t took three generations to raise the
Celts and Teutons to a place among
the more desirable immigrants from
Northern and Western Europe
ITO an impartial outsider 1t must
appear that DR.. Hourwich has made
out very good case, which the pro-
fessors who supported the report of
the Immigration Commission will find
1t difficult to answer. His conclusions
do not in any way involve a denial OF
the fact that the new immigration
on the present enormous scale causes
social problems of the grayest kind.
which. no doubt, must be met by
State Intervention in one way or an
other. But this fact in no way ex-
cuses a government commission for
allowing itself to give expression to
an exposition of the lump of labor
theory in its crudest form. In re-
futing this in a realistic manner DR..
Hourwich has thrown a valuable light
upon the interaction of supply and
demand in the largest labor market
in the world
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-02-05

stand again and folds UP that table,
and-clickl The legs have spread out
once more.
And then the standard, the telescope
supporting rod between the tripod and
the table lengthens itself out or closes
up, and then the. whole framework
seems TO get nervous and to spread
and stretch and drop down in every
direction all at once. And then ! hear
what is almost an exclamation from
MIS- Simmons, and then two or three
sharp sounds of metal against metal.
and [ know that Mrs. Simmons has
dropped the dust rag and is devoting
all her resources and energies to the
throttling and folding up of this mu-
tinous music rack. and a moment later
I hear 1t rafting little as she let's
go of II. set back, folded once more in
its corner.
"I don't know that can blame the
music rack much, standing there as 1t
does all day long, folded up in a cor
ner. should think 1t would want to
stretch itself when 1t gets a chance,
but don't like to have 1t worry Mrs.
Simmons. I want to throw the thing
away and buy a music rack made of
stout timbers, firmly welded together,
but Mrs. Simmons will not listen to It..
She never throws anything away, and
then, think, to spare herself the trial
of that daily struggle would be incon-
sistent with her unappeasable sense of
duty."-New York Tribune.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-02-05

The following important review OF
DR.. Isaac A. Hourwich's book, I'm
migration and Labor" appeared IN
recent issue of the New Statesman
U.ondon), of which Mr.. George Der :
nard Shaw is one of the. editors:
1.-THE immigration commission, which
was appointed in the United states IN
CONSEQUENCE of the agitation agains
alien immigration from Southern and
Eastern Europe, reached the concur
sion after three years OF 1nVestiga-
ton that this immigration was tend
ing to create surplus OF unskiileo
labor. The immigrants, the commas
sion reported, were causing unem-
ployment amongst American work
men and lowering the standard Of
living. They had further shown them
selves incapable of industrial organi-
cation, and, in consequence OF their
ignorance of English, were seriously
increasing the risk of accidents In
factories and mines.
DIR. Hourwich's book consists of a
detailed critical examination OF the
findings of the commission. lie be-
gins by very able application to &C
tual American conditions of Mr.. Bev-
eridge's analysis of the labor market
and theory of the reserve OF labor.
He shows successfully that unem-
ployment varies in inverse proportion
to immigration, which Is only natural
seeing that good employment and i'm
migration are both the result OF Hour
ishing trade.
He further proves conclusively
that unemployment Is by no means
greatest in the trades In which the
largest proportion of immigrants are
employed 1t is not the immigrant,
but the introduction of machinery,
which tends to displace the American
workman. The proportion of un-
skilled and senni-skilled labor in in
dustry is increasing. II 1t were not
for the fact that the enormous i'm
migration into the United States in
the last few years has provided sup
ply of unskilled labor, the expansion
of industry which has enabled the alb
solute number of skilled, workers to
remain stationary would not have
taken place.
THUS 1t may be claimed with some
justice that the alien invasion has
actually assisted in preserving the
standard of life of the American
artisan. So far from encouraging the
alien immigrant to organize. the old
American craft unions have actually
on occasion sided with the employers
against unskilled immigrant workers
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-02-05

Three chief justices of the highest
time or another prominently identi-
fled with important politics. In two
cases this centred upon the nomina-
ton for President of the United
States, and in one case the nomina-
ton for Governor of New York State.
These three were Sanford E. Church,
Charles j. Folger and Alton b. Par
ker. With two of these it was my
good fortune to have had acquaint-
ance, and in the case of one of them,
Judge Folger, friendly relations.
In 1853 Sanford E. Church was de-
clared to be the choice of the Demo-
cratic organization of New York State
for the Presidential nomination at
the national convention which was
held in New York in the spring of
that year. Judge Folger was sup
ported with what seemed to be enthu-
siasm until suddenly his name was
withdrawn, and the New York dele
CATION, under the leadership of Sam
uel ]. Tilden, Sprung" as the saying
is, the name of Horatio Seymour, al
though Governor Seymour was at
that moment presiding over the ma
tional convention.
A long friendship which it was my
good fortune to enjoy with the late
Judge Noah Davis made it possible
for me to obtain much of the inner
history of New York politics between
1850 and 1880. Judge Davis was for
some years the law partner of San
ford e. Church, and, although Judge
Church remained stanchly Demo
cratic throughout the war days
being always pleased when he was
spoken of as a Democrat of the early
school of William Marcy and SilaS
White and Martin Van Buren,, YET
his partner, Judge Davis, became a.
the organization of the Republican
party a warm supporter Of the prin
ciples laid down in the Republican
national platform of 1868. Politica
differences impaired in no way thu
personal friendship Of these two men
'I asked Judge Davis one day L
Judge Church was disappointed Of
| In any manner Inundated by the sud
den withdrawal of his name from thu
Democratic national convention O
1868 and the substitution of the nam'
of Horatio Seymour, who was nomi
mated,
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-02-05
UPLIFT TALKS
BY oRIsoN SWEET MARDEN:
Author Of Pushing to the Front. Etc.
THE TRULY GREAT

everyone can cultivate than to any
particular mental brilliancy or genius.
Lincoln illustrates in remarkable
degree the power of common qualities,
everyday virtues, in the making OF
manhood. His great horse-sense, his
tenacity Of purpose, his force OF CHAR
acter, his keen sense of humor, and
his power of self depression; these
were the foundations upon which he
reared his great life structure.
When we think of Lincoln we form
a. picture of a great hearty. kindly
helpful. accommodating, sympathetic
soul, more than of great intellectual
genius.
To this sort of a. man the world
builds its monuments. Pure genius
without a heart which matches it;
great brilliancy without the virtues
which are common to humanity, or
mere wealth without character does
not live very long in a peoples re-
gard The world builds its monu-
mentszto those who have sacrificed
self to the public good; 1T builds no
monuments to selfishness or greed,
however brilliant.
All through life Lincoln was true to
the best, the highest that was in him
and SO he never was, never could be.
false to himself or to any man. Il
am not bound to win" he said. but
am bound to be true. am not bound
to succeed, but l am bound to live up
to what light l have. ] must stand
with anybody that stands right"
A rich life is worth a thousand
times more to the world than rich
bank account. Who would have
thought of asking how much money
Lincoln left? Yet. is not the whole
world richer for his life and example?
Lincolns great ambition was to
make the most he possibly could of
himself. Who cannot have such an
ambition? Who cannot succeed in it,
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-02-05
MORE CARE OF DOLLARS THAN OF LIVES.

IF THE railroad companies paid the close attention h
safety the roads they do safeguarding
their dollars fatalities the roads would be greatly
reduced The Commission its shows
that the system auditing of by the
companies wengh perfect while the of operating the
lines is negligent nearly ID cent of
the total Investigated by the commission charged d
recy employees bunders nglecs And the
evidence before that the companies less for
these than they do dishonesty in the keeping OF
their
But railroad indifference to human life old story
when its report The annual record OF
daughter the dishonor the nation its laws
and lawmakers the American people waking TO the
inquity will lawmakers refuse compel the
railroads TO be operated safety the public without regard
TO the size of the dividends paid
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-02-05

All fish sleep at more or less regu
lar intervals, but they do so without
closing their eyes, and their slumber
as a rule is lighter and more easily
disturbed than that of any other liv-
ing thing.
In studying how fish sleep they
should be observed under normal con-
ditions and not when stupefed by
drugs, says Professor Louis Schultze,
of Berlin. This is proved by the fact
that If too much of a drug is admin
istered the fish swim sidewise show
ing that they have lost their sense of
balance. In the case of human beings
we do not dream of comparing their
condition while drugged with normal
sleep.
Observations of the sleen of fish
under normal conditions is of far the
greatest value and interest. For fish
to sleep well they must be in good
health-that is, they must be free
of all parasites The aquariums in
which they are studied must be large
and not overcrowded. If there is not
enough oxygen present fish that
would ordinarily lie at the bottom are
forced to interrupt their slumber to
come to the surface for air. When
studying fish that have the habit Of
seeking the shelter of plants, plants
| such as they require should be the
aquarium. But a too luxuriant growth
of plants prevents proper study and
observation, and is apt to interfere
| with the supply of oxygen at night.
1t is best to keep the different
species of fish apart and to keep out
any disturbing animals such as dis
| turb fish in nature. While studying
| them the slightest noise or shock
must be avoided, as most fish are
very sensitive to both. Darkness
makes observation difficult, but no
light should be brought into play.
| Accustom your eyes to the darkness.
| and choose a bright moonlight night.
| having so placed the aquarium that
| the light shines through it.
During many years Of study in his
numerous aquariums Professor
Schulze has found that all kinds of
fish except those which seek their
food at night, or lie buried under
| stones, take their sleep at night, but
this sleep differs in the species.
The North American perch remains
at night midway between the bottom
| and the surface of the water, per-
pendicular to the plants among which
1t lives. The dark bands on Its
body make 1t very difficult for its
enemies to distinguish the fish from
the stems of the plants. The dia-
mond perch, however, passes the
/ night lying on the bottom In the
shadow of a plant or a stone. ON
account Of its light marking it does
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-02-05
Noted Women Whose Birthday Is Yours
BIT MARY MARSHALL.
FEBRUARY S
Marquise de Sevigne
Copyrighted. 1918.

The queen of letter writer's, Marie
de Rabutin Chantal, Marquise de
Sevigne, was born one hundred and
twelve years ago. Her father, the
Baron de Chantal, a reckless, fasci-
mating soldier, who fought many a
duel and was finally killed on the
battlefield, gave her her wit and
her deep delight in life. From her
grandmother and her uncle, goodly
able, who acted as her foster parents
during her girlhood, she learned to
curb her high spirits and to soften her
brillianee with dignity and sweetness.
At eighteen she was in possession
of a large fortune, she was unusually
well educated, a brilliant conversation
alist and possessed of a good share of
beauty. She married Henri Marquis
de Sevigne, with whom she passed the
first two years of her married life in
Brittany. Thence she moved to Paris,
where she was introduced at court
and at once became noted as one Of
the cleverest women of Paris. Her
house in Paris, designed by the mar
quise herself, contained several nov
elites. 1t had long windows that ex-
tended to the f1oor-seen there for the
first time-which are now known as
French windows Instead of the usual
red hangings of the period she had her
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-02-05

own apartments done in blue, which
was also new idea in interior deco
rating in those days.
The Marquis de Sevigne was killed
in a duel, leaving widow just past
twenty-five and two children, Charles
and FRANCHISE. The marquise never
remarked, but devoted her life to
the good of her children and to the
art which made her famous7-the art
of letter writing. The first of these
wonderful letters were written before
her marriage as replies to the letters
of a rejected sutton, but it swas the
letters she wrote to her daughter
FRANCHISE which rank the highest.
This daughter, who was exceedingly
beautiful and was married early to
the Comte de Grignane, received dur
ing her separation from her mother
letters which have made the name
Sevigne forever famous. But the
daughter did not we'll merit this hon
or, for she painfully neglected her
gifted mother. When at the age of
seventy Madame de Sevigne lay dy-
ing of smallpox, her daughter would
not go near her for fear of exposing
herself to the dread disease. AS if
by an act of punishment for this piece
of f1lial neglect the beautiful Madame
de Grignan, nine years later, died
of the same malady.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-02-05
A SPELLING BEE REVIVAL.

AS MOST of the reform in this country originate
ia the West may expect witness the
spread spelling in Eastern communities for it
aIen ali over and mostly of the rural dis
tricts recent investigation New York city showed great
cencv in photographic by teachers we'll pupils the
nublc schools and similar exposition afterwards made for
eling the New Jersey The spelling bee
smulan of the construction of words and in
wears of the country where this form of social
was popular children adults good spoilers and
could write aultless in their orthogTaphy.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-02-05
PREACHING AND PRACTICING

Writers who wish to impart to
their productions power and pun
gency, who wish to keep the readers
attention upon the tiptoe Of activity,
who desire to escape the imputation
If nedantry and who seek to sur
charge their sentiments with sparkle
and spirit, will do well to bear in
mind constantly that long. lingering
sentences, unduly overburdened with
an abundance of phrases, clauses and
parenthetical observations of more
or less aggressive character, are apt
to be tiresome to the reader, especial
iy il the subject matter be at all pro-
found or ponderous. TO place an un-
due strain upon his powers of con-
centration and to leave him with
confused concept of the ideas which
the writer apparently has been at
great pains to concentrate: while
short, snappy sentences. on the othci
hand, with the frequent recurrence
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-02-05

of subject and predicate, thus recall
ing and emphasizing the idea to be
expressed as the development of the
thought proceeds, like numerous sign
posts upon an untraveled road, these
frequent breaks having the effect of
taking a new hold upon the readers
attention, GASES in the desert of
words, as it were, will be found to be
much more effective, much more con-
duciye to clarity and far better cal
culated to preserve the contact, the
wireless connection, so to speak, be-
tween the writer and the reader; pro-
vided. however, and 1t is always very
easy to err through too strict and
literal application of general rule.
that the sentences are not so short
as to give jerky, choppy and
sketchy effect and to scatter the
readers attention so often as to send
him wool-gatherlng completely
Ellis Q. Jones in Life.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-02-05
GOVERNORS ISLAND AS A PARK.

GOVERNORS ISLAND located most advantageously for
nubc park and if park would prove great
blessing for Yorks population The island longer
MILITARY purposes except only headquarters and the
ent we'll make establishment for military head
quarters and depot other place not close cys
crowded population the space for breathing Gov
errors Island converted into public park would be
esorred TO by many of people the
and be outlet for the penup dnzens of
lower Manhattan acquisition would be of the highest
to city.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-02-05
THE FISH DO SLEEP

not stir from the bottom all night
With the exception of gentle breath
ing neither of these species makes
any noticeable movement. II there
is any disturbance, such as the slight
shaking of the tank, both kinds of
perch show that they are awake and
ready for fight by moving the for
ward fins. If the shaking is severe
these fish dart around rapidly.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-02-05
Race Mixtures.
From Harper's Weekly.

from Harper weekly.
DIR. Eliot, of Harvard. spoke re-
Gently of the changes immigration
has caused. In his youth DIR. Eliot
community was homogeneous His
fathers servants, the men who
worked his farm, the mechanics, all
the servants at Harvard, were Amer
leans, descended from Pilgrim stock.
But those Puritans, let us remember,
were themselves not at all pure eth
nically. There has probably never
been since Homer, nor for many
thousands of years before him, q pure
race of men. The English who sup
planted the aboriginal Indians were
by no means a pure type: nor were
the Dutch, nor the French, nor the
Spaniards. Take the Frenchman of
today. In the North are the de-
scendants of the Belgae, the Wal
looms and other Kynnri; in the East
those of Germans and Burgundians;
IN the West Normans; in the centre
Celts, who in the epoch when their
name arose consisted of foreigners
of various origins and of the abor-
igines: in the South, ancient Aquita-
mans and Basques. Professor Boas,
of Columbia, has found that where
the ratio of race-intermingling is as
one to nine there will be, among the
more numerous population, only
eighteen per thousand in the fourth
generation of pure blood; and where
two types intermarry with equal
freedom, less than one person in ten
thousand will be of pure descent
that is, within a century the process
of inter mixture should be complete.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-02-05
A Grand Life, You Might Say.

While the King of England Is is
suing orders that officers shall wear
high hats the German emperor is
opposing the tendency to shave off
moustaches. The cares of a monarch
are most comprehensive,-W Washing
ton Star.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-02-05
che pew Hneriea

Arise and greet the happy morn
Fling open wide the Western gates!
The New America is born,
And all the earth expectant waits
She issues from the centuried night,
Led forth by Freedoms iron hand;
About her throng the ranks of light
With sons of hope from every land.
Her shout of triumph shakes the world;
Her trumps of promise sweep the sea;
Her starry Flag, afar unfurled,
Fulhlls the dream of history
The thraldom of the past is DER;
The Golden Age of Love is come;
And Justice, guard of Natures store,
Hastes Liberty's millennium.
Unshackled millions struggling climb
To reach redemptions perfect day
Democracy's white noon of time
AS Gods white Truth shall lead the way.
The heavens unveil their sacred fires
glory falls from sky to clod
Turn battling hosts to singing choirs,
And hail the Kingdom of our God.
LYMAN WHITNEY ALL
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-02-05
Learned oBooks and stnn ;,

Learned Books and stun"
From Suburban Life.
The public school is founded on
century-old traditions. Its methods
are purely academic; its aim, culture.
The public school, from start TO
finish, is one grand system. 1t has
made of this system a sort of fetish.
Nothing must be done to disturb the
system. No profane hand must touch
this sacred thing. Any parent who
has tried to secure certain changes
on behalf of his child will recognize
the wall of adamant which surrounds
the public school system. Culture
being the established aim of public
instruction, utility has been largely
overlooked or ignored A boy in the
lower grade was asked:
What do you go to school for?"
ITO learn"
What do you learn?"
ooh, books and stuff"
And this is the curriculum until the
youth leaves high school-just Books
and stuff.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-02-05

Interrupted Court to Ask for Warrant
for Eleven Little Ghosts"
NEW YORK, Feb. ga man
rushed through the door and pushed
to the bench of Centre Street Court
yesterday afternoon. Your honor"
he exploded, 81 want a warrant"
"You are interrupting," said Mag
istrate Murphy. For whom do you
want a warrent?"
eleven little ghosts. They have
been following me seven months"
The man was committed to BELLE
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-02-05
A Literary Marvel.

A Literary Marvel.
From the Toronto Globe.
In the London Library may be seen
a single volume of the most wonder
full work in the world-the Great
Dictionary of Yung Lo," known as
the Chinese Encyclopedia-wh has