davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-07-19

mass" of each Of the planets compared with
the mass of the moon (The word mass" be.
ing the scientific term corresponding with
weight because weight" is only a relative
term and applies specially to objects weighed
upon the earth's surface)
In the second column Is the approximate
Instance OF each planet when nearest the earth
as compared with the distance Of the moon
In the third and last column the figures are the
result OF dividing the mass In each case by the
cube of the distance to ind the relative tidal
influence compared with that of the moon
1t will be noted that the greatest is that OF
Venus. which is only about one-twenty.thou
sandth as strong as that Of the moon. while
Mars has only about one-millionth as much
erect on the earth as the moon has. and Nep-
tune less than one-billionth.
IN tact II all the planets were in "conjunc-
ton at the time (Which means all in a
straight line with the sun and earth) their com.
olned influence" the tides of the earth
whether ocean. land air-would be about
seventeen thousand times less than that of the
moon-so slight that it Is doubtful II the most
delicate registering instruments could record it,
even in the ocean tides
When. therefore, consider the land and air
tides, which, il caused at all by the sun and
moon are exceedingly slight, we can readily
see that e-Seventeen thousandth part of some.
thing that is barely noticeable would scarcely be
enough to cause shpwrecks and aeroplane acct.
dents.
There Is however. another way in which. the
sun in particular may have a very considerable
erect on the air and the weather, and may be
me direct cause OF aerial disasters.
Ii has long been known that the Aurora Bore.
ais, or Northern Lights" Is in some way
has also been observed frequently that the send
ing OF Geographic messages has been interfered
with during an electrical storm (of which the
aurora Is only sign or symphony.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-07-19

masses and in inverse proportion to the cube Of
their distances. 1t is said that the bodies which
exercise this activity to any degree worthy of note
are: First the moon: second the SUM- and then,
OF very much less importance but still to be
taken into account, the following planets in
order of intensity;e Venus Jupiter. Mars, Mer-
curry and Saturn.
This theory has been worked ont In great de.
tall to show that the ma jor;ty of aerial acct.
cents have occurred when the planets named
nave been in conjunction with the earth
The list OF casualties has been carefully
analysed. and the conclusion has been reached
mat planetary influence may not be ignored
while rashness and lack of skill upon the part
OF the aviator, on the one hand, and defective
machinery on the other must. of course be taken
INTO consideration In considering the causes OF
aerial disasters, there is not the slightest reason
II is pointed out, why these factors are more
likely TO be present on days when the planets
are In adverse conjunction than on others in
other words. il ia permissible TO disregard these
Factors. altogether III considering the extent Of
the influence OF the planets. Considered from
th's aspect the conclusion is reached that avia-
Tors VIII have TO pay due regard to the position
OF the planets in the choice of days for fight.
IN support OF this theory it is pointed out that
In 1913 there were only ia black days-davs
on which the planets in adverse conjunc
ton 10 the earih-as against i91 white days
days on which the planets were favorably placed
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-07-19

That the atmosphere is yer
structure is being realized NOR
serious work has been ATTEMPT
and aviation.
Formerly it was supposed
and temperature measurement
by aeronauts at different heiel
balloons which gradually ascen,
making records as they went.
served sudden differences of te
ure, etc. were due to inaccurs
ments or carelessness Of the oil
1t has been discovered rece-
not the case, and that these g
actually occur.
In a series Of writings By
Director of the British Meteorc
Principal Atmospherica." he l
ly that so-calIed air.pockets an
OF pressure forming. the much,
the air" are characteristics Of
in its ordinary, everyday cor
ever little is known about ri
that they are governed by laws
to science and that the planet
larly concerned in their forma
are now being investigated.
Just how aviators will be abl|
selvs against the air-currents /,
is more fully understood must
consideration, but 1t is not UNI
pose that a way will be found Il
The principal thing for avi
is to ascertain the causes of al
When that has been accompl|
he so very difficult. with the
eating devices, to chart and av|
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-07-19
HOW the Moons
and "FoCkes" Ball Mans kTakaEy

and yet the total number OF catastrophes due
70 atmospheric conditions were only 81 on
white days, as against 1876 on black" days
fhe results OF 1912 are shown to be even more
Significant: 1853 black" days with 1879 disasters
against ZoI white" days with only twentyone
catastrophes. The figures of 1911 are said To be
equally impressive.
In 1913 there were only thirty-four aerial dis
asters on the l9l white days while the smaller
number or black days ia. showed the largely
increased figure Of sixty, the last victim in that
year being a British aviator Captain Lushng.
ton who was the flight commander of the naval
wing OF the ROYAL Flying Corps and used to be
the airMah OF the First Lord of the Admiralty
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-07-19

be started by strain which would
upset the conditions which keep
the volcano inactive. Sometimes,
in fact, normal conditions under the
surface of the earth depend upon
very delicate balances indeed, such
as huge mass of rock weighing
millions OF tons. which is supported
over vast subterranean chasm by
the mere edge of a precipice-like
a dreadnaught's gun on a hair-trig-
ger-so that it will take only o very
slight movement to dislodge 1t.
Then comes time when the sun
and moon are nearer the earth than
usual. and on opposite sides of it
at full moon or in Opposition
which causes the crust of the earth
to bulge ever so slightly, and the
mass of rock drops into the chasm
lit may be only a few feet orr
inches), and then, when the sur.
rounding rocks are settling or ad.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-07-19

black days. "a against two only white days.
This theory Is very interesting but 1t is be-
lieved to be founded fallacious reasoning
The real cause OF adverse aerial conditions, it
Is now believed. must be laid TO the influence OF
the sun and moon, particularly the sun The
influence OF the planets named must be so In.
intestinal as to be negligible.
Just how little influence the distant planets
can nave In producing tides other disur-
Dances OF the ocean. land air, can be readily
seen by referring to the accompanying table Of
sizes and distances Keeping in mind the for
mnla that their influence is in direct proportion
to their masses but in inverse proportion to
their distances.
(rhese figures are approXimate ONLY
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-07-19

Iusting themselves TO stable DOS
or tre!nors are felt all over a .
There is third kind of [
niue is known. and these are
mospheric or AIR tides" Tn
10 be similar to the ocean [
the extreme fuidity Of the at,
absence Of distractions isuc
islands and shallow waters
odes) It is now thought that
tides not only affect the b.
pressure but are the direct {
ho!es or pockets" which prt
10 aviators.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-07-19
BY a Member of the Royal Astro-
nomical Society of England.

A VlATORS In this country and England have
~ been greatly impressed by new theory
that some OF the most disastrous and In
eSplfcable recent accidents which have befa,len
men OF their calling were due to unrecognized
gravitational pulls" in the atmosphere
IL has been suggested. for instance that the
chief of these unknown factors is the supnle
mentary gravtational action which the planets
exercise in certain circumsta nces not only upon
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-07-19

" a s x i'll e d at East
church on December 2,
a black" day. since
there was a conjunction
Jupiter-moon the pre-.
vious day.
In 1912 there we're
forty-fye aerial TRACE.
dies on the 1853 BLACK"
days. while only four
teen occurred on the
207 white" days Of the
year.
During the first two
months Of the present
year there were twelve
aerial n ico torc m
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-07-19
New|nWsib|e Feri|s thatMenace0ur
Unexpec.
Be Resp.
On|
'y Prof. Rudolf ]

BY Prof. Rudolf z
OF tho University Of
A GREAT series OF fail
~ the seq and in the all
% ~ OF the necessity OF an
mission to regulate the use
ply and 10 inquire into varic
mysterious phenomena come
Where wireless telegraphy 4
life It's installation should I
but II IL creates unknown d.
II docs, the public should
them.
The possible dangers from
fan into three principal class
L. Magnetization OF steel az
they exercise q powerful q
another and upon other steel
:. Fires and explosions ca
duced by the wireless.
3. Derangement OF chips
wireless.
In support OF my content
ferrous influence Is at wort
from their courses and pre-!
call attention to a number OF
Never since the development &
we're there as many accid,
past year. Now we know
navigation has been perfected
and there should be fewer
before. 1t seems clear thu
factor has entered into the IS
Why did the EmprcssS
swerving several miles frors
into disastrous collision witht
both were going slowly. or n +
the Pretoria wander twentE
course, bringing her into colI
York, also said to have beeti
June 10? (
Why did the North Germa %
navigat!ng waters thoroughly i
ashore in the English Channel
did the British steamship lnos|
man liner Kaiser Wilhelm n
waters on June II?
Why did 1.-THE Red Star
ashore on the Grim Rocks
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-07-19

e!S ''ihcanoescent mass
below the earth's crust,
thus sing earth
quakes and volcanic
eruptions. and upon the
oceans, so giving rise 10
marine disasters, hut
also on the aerial ocean.
The theory Is that all
bodies exercise their
ttde-producing gravita-
tional action on the flu.
ids OF our planet in di-
rect proportion to their
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-07-19

(The sun has effect comparable with that
OF the-moon. for although ii is further distant
than Mercury. Venus Mars il is nearly a
hundred million times bigger than the moon
In the first column Of figures is given the
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-07-19

=, TIC ONe"H tIueh, OF course, are CAUSED dirnct.
~ by the varying attraction of rho Sun ad
mo-, ana II is now pretty generally accented
INA a' me solid earth itself is subject to tides from
ne saihe cause In other words when the sun
ana moon both pulling in tho ean,o ~
opposite directions. the earth becomes slightly
9 rm or buiging In the direction of the pull
.nese 'ann tides are. of course, very slight,
anu are important chiefly on account of the
s,ralns or stresses" caused in rock strata and
t a. geologic faults. any disturbance of which
ID sure 70 cause an earthquake
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-07-19

IL is also known that the sun is a great centre
o. electrical energy. and is continually sending
and heat ~ ''' ''s''
II is some OF these impulses or radiations that
cause electrical changes on the earth and otbn-
Planets and give rise TO many phenomena which
we 90 not entirely understand
whether the air pockets and treachcrous air
currents which have caused so manv nishans -
aFiators nave some relation 20 such electrical
Impulses from the sun is a question tha, dc.
tS 'es Hluch more consideration than whether
the comparatively insignificant and inactiva
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-07-19

ueh's oy any tidal or gravitational action.
In the case OF tidal effects the sun and
moon are the only bodies al present near
enough and large enough to exert any aD.
preclaoie effect. for not only is the sun
tue only BODY in the solar system that is
generating such radiant energy in an,,
eppreciable quantity, but 1t is thousani
times larger than all OF the planets nut
together The moon particularly is =
cold dead world, and is wholly differant
from the vastly larger and t-emendonslv
hot and active sun.
men TOO both the sun and moon are
responsible for various tides aItbo'aS
the ocean tides are the only ones usnaiIv
attributed to solar or lunar influences,
The Madisonian. (Richmond, Ky.) 1913-1914, 1914-09-15

suctioning effect. Then the peculia,
whirl chambers that form the basis OF
the Maxim construction are encoun.
tered. These are formed by using
segments of pressed steel In
stead of closing the segments in at
the edges, they are left separated, so
that the portion of the exhaust gases
that is whirled to the outer edge of
the segments effects a circumferential
escape. Immediately following the
first set of three plates there is Sec
ond set, exactly similar, excepting that
it is set to point in the opposite direc-
ton
The effect of the gas coming from
one direction and being turned in the
opposite is to create a whirl in the
space between the two sections. Part
Of the gas here effects noiseless es-
cape, and the rest goes through the
segments.
The Madisonian. (Richmond, Ky.) 1913-1914, 1914-09-15
No More Escapes.

Thore will be no more escapes of
prisoners in charge of prison officers
en- route to the Reformatory, since
Warden Wells has secured an unique
shackle, which is concealed entirely
by the clothing of the prisoners and
does not interfere with his walking,
but which locks and trips him if he
attempts to run. The device of light
steel extends from the waist down to
the ankle of one leg and has hinge
joint at the knee. An experiment
with a prisoner demonstrated that it
does not in the least impede the free
movement of the leg in walking, but
when the prisoner attempted to run
and crooked his knee seventeen de-
grees the join locked and held his leg
in the air until a guard unlocked the
knee joint. The prisoner could run
stiff-legged, but could not make speed
enough to get away.
The Madisonian. (Richmond, Ky.) 1913-1914, 1914-09-15
AUTO ATOMS

For the young man who prefers a
roadster stripped to resemble racing
car, there is now windshield which
fits over his shoulders-to be used in
case of emergency.
Kettle, alcohol lamp, tea caddy,
cream flask, butter jars and a small
sandwich box can now be had, com.
pactly fitted in small leather tea
boxes This season they may be had
in different styles, for four and six
persons.
wild WOOL Irish robes are quite
the rage just now. They are light in
weight, dark colored on one side and
plaided in soft colors on the other
with a deep fringe on the ends.
There are now goggles with differ
ent colored glass, which the vanity
girl may fit over the ears of her toy
dog to protect his eyes from the. wind
The Madisonian. (Richmond, Ky.) 1913-1914, 1914-09-15


try at the present time Its origin Is
commonly given as a cross between
the black Java and the American Do
miniQue. Besides the Java other Ash
ATTIC blood has probably been used in
making the breed. The Plymouth
like the European chicken. 1t ap-
proaches in size and fattening quail
ties the Cochin or Brahma, but has
lost the excessive feathering, slowness
of growth, and general clumsiness of
those breeds. The greatest recon-
mendation for the Plymouth Rock on
the farm is the excellent growth made
by the young chickens. In this quality
they have no superior. The Plymouth
Rock pullets are good layers, but as
yearling hens are prone to turn the
feed into fat rather than eggs. An
other objection to the barred variety
is the difficulty in keeping the breed
true to the standard type. The pure
bred birds are required to have even
and distinct bars of the same shade
in male and female. These are diff
cult points to maintain, and resort Is
often made to double mating or the
keeping of two breeding pens, one to
produce cockerels and the other pull
lets.
The white and buff Plymouth
Rocks are later products than the
barred variety. Much of what has
been said will apply to these also. The
following differences might be noted:
The white variety is free from the
color objection of the barred type,
but the objection to the fattening
tendency applies to hens of this va
riety perhaps more forcibly than to
the barred. Buff Plymouth Rocks
will probably average Smaller than
the other varieties of the breed. AL.
though solid-colored bird, they, like
all buff breeds, except the buff Co.
chins, will be found difficult to breed
of one color, owing to the tendency to
possess black or white in the wings
and tail.
The Madisonian. (Richmond, Ky.) 1913-1914, 1914-09-15
TO SILENCE MUFFLER
SUBJECT WORTHY THE ATTEN.
TIoN OF AUTO BUILDERS.
Something on the Principle of the
Maxim Device, It Would Seem,
Might BE Brought Into Use.

1t was not long after the Maxim ST.
lencer for guns was proved successful
that queries began to be heard as to
why it could not be put on the exhaust
pipe of an automobile motor with SINH
lar salutary effects on the noise Of the
exhaust. To this the answer at first
was returned that the gun silencer has
straight hole in it for the passage of
the bullet, and that the absence of
projectile in this hole would allow the
sound waves to escape from 1t, little
altered. The fact remains, however,
that the basic principle of the Maxim
device. that of giving the gas and
sound waves rotary movement, can
be applied to automobile mufHers.
The gas from the exhaust pipe, on
entering the muffier, first encounters
an expansion chamber, from which it
finds an outlet through an orifice that
is so designed as to give somewhat of
The Madisonian. (Richmond, Ky.) 1913-1914, 1914-09-15
Preparing for Business.

George L. Payne, of Frankfort, and
Representative Frank C. Green, of
Carrollton. members of the Kentucky
Fire Insurance Commission, appoint
ed to investigate the insurance situa-
ton and recommend revision of the
laws to the 1916 session of the Gen
eraI Assembly, have gone to Asheville,
y. c., to attend the National Associa-
tiCn of Insurance Commissioners.
Commissioner H. P. Barrett, of Hen
derson, will be unable to attend. The
commissioners are taking advantage
Of this opportunity to get general
perspective of methods of insurance.
The Madisonian. (Richmond, Ky.) 1913-1914, 1914-09-15

BerIin's New Motor Street Cleaner.
In Berlin the streets are cleaned
every day after the marketing hour
is over. Formerly, a great army of
street sweepers used to ply their
brooms with more or less efficiency,
but now the city, after experimenting.
has purchased large number of mo-
tor street cleaners. These are three
wheeled motors with the diagonally-
running brushes which gather the
dirt in windrows and then in heaps
which makes it easy to be collected.
Experiments are now being made with
motor machinery for picking up the
dirt and transferring it into recepta-
cles.-Popular Electricity
The Madisonian. (Richmond, Ky.) 1913-1914, 1914-09-15
PLYMOUTH ROCK is POPULAR
Greatest Recommendation on Farm 10
Excellent Growth Made by the
Young Chickens.
Ry O. ERFl


The American breeds of poultry
have been made by the mixing of Ash
attic and Mediterranean, or non-set'
ting breeds of fowls. They have been
formed to meet the demand for
general-purpose chicken, and they fuL
fill this demand better than any breed
thus far considered. These breeds are
more variable in traits than breeds
with more years Of uniform ancestry
to their credit. If strict selection Is
not maintained the American varieties
are inclined to vary and revert to an
cestral types. This would at first seem
a disadvantage, but in the hands of
careful breeder this tendency to vary
may be turned into good account in
improving the breed.
The barred variety of the Plymouth
Rock is the original Plymouth Rock,
and is, perhaps, all things considered,
the most popular breed in this coun-
The Madisonian. (Richmond, Ky.) 1913-1914, 1914-09-15
Delegates Are Named.

The following delegates have been
appointed by Gov. McCreary to repre-
sent Kentucky at the American Road
Congress-, which will meet in Atlanta
November for session of five days;
First Congressional District-W. ].
Beale, Murray; Gus g. Singleton, Pa
drcah; James M. Lang, Paducah.
Second District Hunter Wood, Hop.
kinsville; N. Powell Taylor Hender-
son., w. ]. Chiles, Hopkinsville.
Third District. w. Gaines. Tren-
ton; Robert Dulaney. Bowling Green;
w, S. Smith, Glasgow.
Fourth District. R. Sanders,
Campbellsville; Thomas H; Hamilton,
Hardinsburg; Samuel ]. Spalding, Leb-
anon
Fifth District-John Drescher, Adam
SPAIN and t. L, Jefferson, all of Lou.
isville.
Sixth District-D. L. Bell, Bedford;
Frank c. Greene, Carrollton; ]. K.
Nesbit, Warsaw
Seventh District. w. Douglas,
Owenton; R. C. Terrell, Frankfort;
James VIM, Winchester.
Eighth District-W. R. Shackleford,
Richmond; William Caldwell, Fan.
vile; R. 2. Moss, Nicholasvilie.
Ninth District-H. C. Duffy, Cynthi-
ana; Charles D. Arnett, West Liberty;
Ronald C. Oldham, Carlisle.
Tenth District = Oliver Stumbo,
Prestonsburg; Rolan Hatfield, Pike
vile; Marshall Gillette, Jenkins.
Eleventh District-George B. Tur-
ney, Harlan; Joseph F. Bosworth, Mid
dlesboro; w. F. Hall, Harlan.
The Madisonian. (Richmond, Ky.) 1913-1914, 1914-09-15
WONDERS WORKED
IN old KENTUCKY
HEAVY RAINS HAVE ADDED
GREATLY TO THE CORN AND
TOBACCO CROPS.
GOOD MARKETS ASSURED
Commissioner of Agriculture Newman
Says Month of SeasonabIe Wealth
er Made Vast Change.
Especial Frankfort Correspondence,

Especial frankfort Correspondence
Frankfort.--In his crop report for
the month of September, Commission
er of Agriculture Newman says that
a month of seasonable weather has
made vast change in the crop out
look for this year. The condition of
the tobacco and corn crops has i'm
proved to such an extent that average
crops will be realized The report fol-
lows:
Just as we issued crop report as
of August 1, general rains began fall
ing throughout the state. These rains
have been seasonable for the last
month and not excessive. 1t is diff
cult to believe that such a change in
conditions could be made within 80
days. The farmers and live stock
men of the state are rejoicing over the
improved conditions, and a compari-
son of this months report with that of
last month is made to show what
great change has taken place through
the state within the last month.
The report of September l shows
the conditions ofhcorn SO per cent, as
compared with 65 per cent August L;
hurley tobacco, so per cent, as COM
pared with Sc per cent; dark tobacco,
y per cent, as compared with 81 per
cent Cow peas and soy beans show
a condition of 81 per cent and 81 per
cent respectively. Blue grass shows
a condition OF 81 per cent, as COM
pared with Ga per cent; alfalfa, 81 per
cent as compared with 65 per cent;
clover, II per cent, as compared with
SIS per cent. Even fruit has been great
ly improved by the rains. Live stock
IS given as being in better condition
than a month ago. Garden conditions
have increased from a condition of 81
per cent to GA per cent.
No one is surprised at the outcome
OF tobacco as a result of the rains.
Tobacco is a weed and can give indi-
cations of almost a complete failure,
and with seasonabIe weather makes a
fine crop.