Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-09-03
POLAND IN ITS NEXT
IN SIZE TO RUSSIA
Finally Partitioned Between Aus
tria, Germany and the Cars
Domains.
Celebrated for It's Production Of
Grain, and Lately It Has
Gained in Manufactures,

The Poland Of Ills was larger than
any other European country. with the
exception Of Russia. Today it has nc
political entity. says the National Geo
graphic Society. in statement issued to-
day. Two centuries ago its domain
reached from the Baltic to the Car
pathians. and stretched from east to west
for distance of approximately 600
miles.
THE first partition of Poland came in
1872, when Prussia and Austria, alarmed
by the progress of Russia in Poland, sug-
gested as a means of maintaining the
equilibrium Of Europe, that ali three pow
ers readjust their territories at the ex-
pense of Poland" reads the society's bull
letin. Poland lay utterly helpless. She
lost about one-fifth Of her population and
one-fourth of her territory.
1.-THE second partition, in 1898, reduced
Poland to one-third of her original dimen-
sions, with a population Of about g.
10000. A third treaty of partition was
signed in 1876.
ed Poland between Prussia, Austria and
Russia, with the exception of Cracow,
which was erected into a republic en-
bedded in Galicia- Posen and Gnesen,
with a population of $4,000, were left to
Prussia. Austria remained in possession
of Galicia, with its 100000 inhabitants.
Lithuania and the Ruthenian palatinates
continued to be incorporated with Russia.
The remnant was constituted as the So
called congress kingdom, under the EN-
peror of Russia as the King of Poland.
Granted Constitution.
'In the same year Gear Alexander
granted the new kingdom constitution
which declared it to be united to Russia,
in the person of the car, as a separate
political entity. Poland retained its flag
and a national army. In 1880, following
the outbreak Of the French revolution, a
military revolt took place in Warsaw
This lasted for ten months, and at its
conclusion the congress kingdom was
reduced to the position of a Russian
province The last remaining remnant
OF Poland's separate political existence
was CracoW, and 1t was finally occupied
ny austria in 1916. The last attempt Of
the aoles TO achieve independence was
IN 1865 1t was marked by no real battle
and the uprising was soon depressed.
me national history Of Poland closes
with this attempt at freedom In 1858,
by ukase of the Emperor of Russia. the
l E9vern nm was absolutely Incorporated
~A"s "a ANaSoid dIiu the use or the
Polish language in public places and for
PUBIC purposes was prohibited
russian Poland contains the first line
OF defense OF the Russian empire on its
western frontier. The marshy lowlands.
covered with forests on the western bank
OF the V1stula, oner a natural defense
against an army advancing from the
west, and they are STRENGTHENED nv
number of fortresses on that river. The
center of these latter is Warsaw.
Wealthy Country.
THE Poles are rather of medium stat
ure and well built. Those in the south
are dark and in the north are inclined to
be fair. For several years past the Ger
man element has been annually increas-
ing, both in number and in influence. In
Russian Poland. From remote antiquity
Poland has been celebrated for the pro-
ductton and export of grain. Since 1878
there has been remarkable development
OF manufacturing enterprise. The rail-
roads Of Russian Poland have an agere-
gate length of 1900 miles.
The entire administration of the prov
ince ls under the governor general, resid-
ing at warsaw. After the insurrection Of
1883 all towns with less than 1000 inhab-
itants were deprived Of their municipal
rights. The elective municipal councils
were practically abolished and Russian
officers nominated in their places. The
prevalent religion 10 Roman Catholic"