Bisbee daily review., 1914-11-22
WINTER CAMP AIGN
 FACED BY GERMANY
Cold and Its Accompanying Ter TOTS are Not Feared,
 However.

BERLIN, Nov SO -Tae prospect of a winter campaign in Russia presents DO terrors to the German military writers now dealing with the prob. lem of long continuance of the war Far from anticipating a repe tition of Napoleon's disastrous exper- fence in the Moscow campaign they look upon the great Corsican con. querors. General December and Gen eral January as allies who will re- move for them two of the greatest obstacles to operations against the Russians, namely, the transportation problem and that of overcoming the natural defenses Of the country-its swamps and rivers.
 The expert of the Deutche Tages. zeitung points out, too, that the Rus sian, in order to stem the German acvance, have relied largely on en- trenchments laid out on a tremendous scale. Once the ground is solidly frozen the construction of such works for defense will be greatly hampered Every battle has demonstrated the value to the Russians of the trenches and other military field works" say, , the writer Tt has been difficult n ] all cases 10 take positions SO pro 1 tected, and the Russian successes have been mostly due to the laying 1 out of fortified positions in the opel field.
 with the ground frozen and n longer easily worked with pick and shovel the laying out of earthwork will be made extremely difficult, ant the Russians, whose forte from th times Of Napoleon to Mulden, ha lain in the defense of field fortihca tions, will thus lose the most import ant factor in defensive tactics.
 Troops operating on the offensiv must deal with the fifth element, a Napoleon called the Russian mud T. the winter the bad roads are covere with snow and may then be used b sleighs, and the great rivers am swamps which form the principal faC tcrs in the Russian defense lines wi
 then be covered with ice. permittm easy crossing everywhere.
 "The idea that winter was the bes season in which an attack OF Russi might be made is that of a genia soldier of history Charles XII C Sweden, who afterwards demonstrate the correctness of bis conclusions II waited with his advance into Bussi in 1707 until cold weather had set IT p. and after the rivers and swamps ( Poland had been frozen over. h crossed the Vistula on December and advanced rapidly as far as Wi , na. where he intended to overtab
 the retreating Russians The enem 1 however. retreated again, and th winter campaign brought no resul s . because King Charles could not g' the Russians to stand
 Napoleon counted on the aid winter in his campaign in 1S06 Bl
 the weather was against him .Decer
 ber of that year left the roads {
 soft a sthey had been in the autumn
 and the French were obliged to qua ter themselves upon the Poles ei
 wait for cold weather Frost final B came on February l and six da
 later the battle at Prussian -Eylap w'
 fought Napoleon .as well as Kil
 Charles, availed themselves of q
 opportunity offered by harder roa
 and frozen rivers.
 As Carl Bleibtrau in his work Il tbe campaign of Napoleon in Russ in 1872 has shown, it was not q e cold that demanded the greatest sa l rifice in human lives Napoleon lC Il 100000 men on his advance into Rl
 sia aud only 100000 men on his treat lt as also shown then tll
 the Russians suffered as much fro
 the cold as did the French and th
 both armies were hampered by { E. ice Napoleon retreat was due d shortage of powder, only one-h d of the quantity thought availaoie IT. ing on hand The supply service h
 failed altogether ,O