The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-06-21
capture Of II by destroying IN. vessel.

go an erection In the Forum as trophies.
From this practical proof OF victory
came the "rostra," which are still EN-
ployed for decorative purposes After
tho conquest a number OF Roman ciu-
zens were sent to the captured sea-
port as colonists and a form OF gov
eminent devise. which subsequently
served as model for all the Roman
maritime colonies. II included full
Roman citizenship and local autonomy.
Before the first Punic war Rome had
ten OF these. The Roman authorities
seized upon strategic points and there
established colonies, in which the allies
OF Rome were Invited to participate.
The first Of these Latin colonies was
Gales, and as sop or q stimulus 10
local pride the privilege was given 10
IL, which efterwsrd ceased to be ex-
ceptional, OF striking hts own coinage.
The end OF all these operations was TO
secure peace among the communities
concerned, and In this Il was highly
successful. tho prototype. IL not the
nucleus, Of the ultimate PAX Romano"
This original Roman system OF maxi
ing considerations and alliances is COM
pared to its advantage with two Greek
examples, those OF Sparta and Athens.
The Spartans kept their helots sub
Ject class; tho Romans yielded succes-
sive privileges to their plebeians ac-
cording to the strength and the i'm
portunity which these showed, quite as
the constitutional states OF modern
Europe have gone on enlargfng their
celebrates. Athens missed the oppor-
tunity which Rome improved by COM
muting military or rather naval service
into a payment in money which be-
came a tribute and which was en-
ployed by the Athenians OF the age OF
Pericles in the establishment OF their
own city. Rome avoided these errors
by cultivating a feeling OF solidarity"
among all It's citizens on the one hand
and by paying their defenders out OF
the Roman treasury. at was. in short,
TO the liberal policy inaugurated by the
statesmen Of 1913 that the Roman city
state owed It's capacity 10 unity Italy
and make II one people"
As Romo went further efeld she
showed the same clrcumspection and
the same craftsmanship. which seem
TO have been based upon a natural
sense OF Justice and equity. II was the
plantation OF Roman colonies In ter
ritory claimed by the Samnites that
ID to the war In which Rome suffered
the greatest disaster and the deepest
humiliation OF her early history, that
OF passing beneath the Caudine Forks"
in p. c. 32I. Rome took her revenge
| by concluding alliances with the tribes
surrounding the Samnites. establishing
Roman colony at one important point.
| The result was that seventeen years
after the Caudine Forks II was the turn
OF the victors of that occasion to sue
for peace. BY these and the like meas
| ures. always following conquest with
Cancellation. Rome grew just after the
beginning Of the third century 3. c.
| to be the paramount power" through
out central Italy: that Is to say over a
region twenty times as large as the
original area OF the Roman state.
| At tho same time the Government
became almost a pure democracy"
since the popular Assembly. chosen by
what was practically universal suffrage
could override and disregard the OBJ
Jections OF the patrician Senate. and 1,
the limits Of Italian settlement began
The Greek settlements In southern Italy
induced such friction with their Ital-
!
to take up the cause OF the Italians
and became involved in the war In
which Pyrrhus. king OF Epirus, was In
voked to help the Greek settlers. This
war was In fact fought by an ''imperi-
alistic democracy" and the end Of II
was that southern Italy. like central
was Joined 10 Rome and so thoroughly
reconciled and pacified as to become a
source OF unmixed strength. Again
"the insight OF Rome's statesmen into
the social and political conditions Of
these Italic peoples and their versatil-
ity in finding methods Of procedure
appropriate TO varied circumstances &C.
count in large measure for the success,
Of tho organization OF central italy
which alone saved Rome from destruc-
ton In the Hannibalic war"