New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-08-20
Plus X The FOE
OF MODERNISM
Controversies with Spain,
France, Portugal, Italy
and Germany.
APPOINTED THREE
AMERICAN CARDINALS
Raised This Country to Same
Ecclesiastical Rank as Those
of Europe.

rrerDr Nr'chior Sarto was n"I" "t
P.,so diocese Of Trcviso. Italy. on June
%. 1885. the eldest child Of John Baptist
Ssr.o. q postmsr. who earned 40 cents
5sv on which to support his wife and
.sqtt children. The future Pope, being
aided by tho local priest, was the only
ono or the children TO receive any
..boorrc. re was educated IN the
gymnasium OF Castclfranco Neneto
md 40 Pa7ua. He was studious
south. sud his rector once said Of him.
.>arto has never been child"
After his ordination, on September
u.s.. 1865. ne began the work of a parish
priest. and showed so much energy and
...rfv that iu 1875 he was elected
e.. .coual chancellor. and aftcrward
.-.tlal director OF the seminary, pro
.,~cdal examiner. member Of the &C.
c..-fastical tribunal and finally vicar
or .re chapter Of Trcviso. on Novem-
bon so. 1854. he was made Bishop or
|.rtla. when he was forty-rluc years
lid. Do was on June II, 1898. that Pope
f.. \III created him Cardinal and
Patriarch OF Venice. This was the
cause Of q controversy with the italian
government. which claimed the right
t. nominate 90 the vacant patriarchate.
f.t the government finally acOulesced
. Che demands Of the Vatican.
When couSecrated Cardinal Sarto
became titulsr Of the Church Of St.
Bernardo allie Terme in Rome, in &C
crtIa0cc with the custom which as
sc- each Cardinal TO some church IN
tra' city.
Nors icnor Sarto had not been a
Cardinal more than a year when he
took occasion 90 advocate a union be
tween Church and State IN Italy, at
time when the Austrian and PruSsian
diplomatic rcprcse ntatves at the Vat
lcau we're az work TO secure the con-
sent Of the Pope To- an agreement with
che Italian government which il was
hoped would end Che division which
had existed since 1870, when the Pope
became @ prisoner lu the Vatican. Il
was thought that Pope Leo XIII, when
De succeeded Pope Plus N, would end
the condition Of things existing under
his predecessor. but no result was
secured ,n this direction, and the pol
icy OF Pope Plus tx was continued In
Venice. however, there was no division
between the eccles iastIcal and the
c.r. authorities. Cardinal Sarto was
presented TO the King and Queen when
they visited his city.
IN his diocesan work Cardinal Sarto
showed much energy and devotion. He
revived the GreCorian chant in s..
Marks and insisted on the observance
OF iturgical rules by the priests Of his
diocese He reformed abuses which
had crepr into the administration Of
tic churches and he gained q high rep
Ut4t.0n a. o preacher.
As Cardinal he belonged 20 the &C.
c.esiastical congregations Of Bishops
and Regulars, Sacred Rites, lndul-
rences and Sacred Relics. He always
enjoyed great popularity in his diocese
and was fororcd for his purity, for the
strict uurigtt1ess of his life and for
.. hara ideas. Tie was known as an
agreeable man. highly cultivated, very
...I hearted and physically strong and
robust. lie never took great part IN the
ro..ca. and public life Of the Church,
nlt divided his time between study and
good works
lie was considered as among the
more liberia. members Of the Italian
crstorate and Sacred College. IL is
..a.. that eco XIII sided with him on
one occasion when Sarto disapproved
.. Eauua.... policy
Elected TO the Papacy.
Such was She record of the man
aHa au August @. 1903, assembled TO
.te Faral throne
The new Holtf's first acts were in
accordance with his reputation for
democracy and independence. He found
Chat many of the formalities Of life In
The Vatican were not suited 10 him
and forthwith abolished some of these,
which for centuries had been in force,
and more strictly so under his imme-
date predecessor. on the very day he
was elected. when the sediarii brought
Che sedan chair 20 carry him 10 his
apartments from the conclsve hall, he
gently bat firmly protested that he
would rather walk than ride m the box.
For days after that the Master Of the
Chamber had the sedan chair waiting
n the Pores ante-chamber. but the
determination Of Plus Y 20 decline 10
use .t never changed. and finally the
chair had 20 be re.eCsted 20 the attic.
The same happened with the portable
throne which the Popes have always
used when going 20 and from cere-
m0ry Only on few solemn occasions,
when Che ceremonies had 70 be held in
ST. Peters, Plus y consented to sit on
1.s throne. but on all other instances,
when She ceremonies were TO take
place in the Vatican palace itself, he
always declined 20 be carried by the
bearers and walked 70 the meeting
place as any simple prelate.
One Of the first measures instituted
by PoDe Pius y was the abolition Of
the veto power which three Roman
Catholic power enjoyed in electing a
Pope lie drew up "a document in which
communication was pronounced lpso
facto against any one who should act
@. the intermediary Of any power IN
proposing q veto against any Cardinal
during a conclave.
The Fight Against Modernism.
The years that followed saw long
drawn out war with the modernistic
movement within the Church, the Bit
Ter separation struggles between
Church and State in France Spain and
Portugal, sharp clashes with Italy and
Germany and the unfortunate incident
'' Wnicn TWO American Statesmen tg-
ured.
The warfare OF Pope Plus against
modernism brought out some of his
most notable utterances. IN his third
encyciical issued Do August, 1906, he
gave warning against "m.sguidance Of
IDEAS and ebu.hton OF the spirit Of iu-
dependence especially cOndemuing the
National Democratic League. In July.
1907. however. he made his first definite
move against the ultra-libcral Catholic
campaign ln which q secret iuterna-
uoraI league was said 90 oe engaged.
The Eaticaus attack on the movement
consisted Of decree condemniug six
ty-lye statements taken from modern
ed H.." H UrHH