The Lynden tribune. [volume] (Lynden, Wash.) 1908-current, 1914-02-26


+ it shall grow. Except for herbaceous
grating the wood for scions should be
/ taken while in q dormant or resting
+ condition The time usually consider
/ ed best is after the leaves have fallen,
4 but before severe freezing begins.
+ The scions are tied in punches and
1 buried in moist sand, where they Will
not freeze and yet will be kept cold
enough 10 prevent growth. Good re-
4 suits often follow cutting scions in the
/ spring Just before or al the time the
/ grating is to be done. If cleft graft
/ ing is the style 10 be employed this
practice frequently gives good results
but spring cutting of scions for whip
grating is not desirable.
The stock is the plant or part OF a
plant upon which or into which the
/ bud or scion is inserted For best re-
4 suits in grating il is essential that the
! stock be in an active condition.
Cleft grating is particularly adapted
TO large trees when for any reason Il
becomes necessary to change the va
/ riety. Branches TOO large 10 be work
ed by other methods can be cleft graft
ed. A branch one or one and oDe-halt
inches in diameter is severed with a
saw. Care should be taken that the
bark be not loosened from any portion
Of the stub. Split the exposed end
with q broad thin chisel or grating
tool. Then with a wedge or the wedge
shaped prong at the end Of the grating
tool spread the cleft 50 that the scions
may be inserted.
The scion should consist Of portion
Of the previous seasons. growth and
should be long enough TO have two or
three buds. The lower end Of the
scion which is TO be inserted into the
cleft should be cut into the shape OF a
wedge, having the outer edge thick r
| than the other. In general it is good
plan to cut the scion so that the lowest
bud Will come just at the top OF this
wedge, so that it will be near the top
of the stock. To make this contact OF
the growing portions doubly certain the
scion is often set AT slight angie with
the stock into which Il is inserted
After the scions have been set the
operation Of cleft grating is completed
by covering all cut surfaces with a
layer Of grating wax.
Whip grating is almost universally
used il root grating Il has the ad-
vantage Of being well adapted TO small
plants only one or two years Of age,
and 1t can be done indoors during the
com parauve leisure Of winter.
The graft is made by cutting the
stock of diagonally-one long smooth
cut with sharp knife, leaving about
three-fourths of an inch of cut surface.
Place the knife about one-third OF the
distance from the end Of the cut sur
face at right angles 10 the cut and
split the stock in the direction Of its
| long axis Cut the lower end OF the
scion in like manner, and when the
two parts are forced together the cut
surfaces will ht neatly together. and
one will nearly cover the other If scion
and stock are Of the same size. A diff
ference may be disregarded unless it
be too great After the scion and stock
have been locked together they should
be wrapped with five or six turns of
waxed cotton to hold the parts firmly
together. Ii is in root grating that the
whip graft finds its distinctive field
The roots are dug and the scions are
cut in the fall and stored The work
OF grating may he done during the
winter months. When the operation
has been performed the gratis are
packed away in moss. sawdust or sand
in a cool cellar TO remain until spring
In ordinary propagation by means Of
whip CRAFTS the scion is cut with about
three buds, and the stock is nearly as
loug as the scion. The graft is SO
planted as 10 bring the union of stock
and scion not very far below the sur
face Of the ground But where the
trees are required TO be especially
hardy in order to stand severe winters
and the roots used are not known to
be so hardy as the plants from which
the scions have been cut different
plan is adopted. The scions are cut
much longer. and the roots may be cut
shorter, and the graft is planted SO
deep as 10 cause roots TO issue from
the lower end of the scion. When tax
Ell up to be set in the orchard the orig
inal root may be removed entirely.
Budding is one OF the most econom-
ical forms Of artificial reproduction,
and each year witnesses its more gen.
eral use.
The operation Of budding Is simple
and can be done with great speed by
expert builders The work has usually
10 be done in July, August or early
September. The bud should be taken
from wood Of the present seasons
growth. Since the work of budding is
done during the season of active
growth the bud sticks are prepared SO
that the pedole or stem of each leaf is
left attached TO serve as a handle to
aid in pushing the bud home when In
sorting IL beneath the bark Of the
stock This is what is usually called
shield bud and is cut so that q small
portion Of the woody tissue Of the
branch is removed with the bud.
The stock for budding should be at
least as thick as the ordinary lead pen
Gil The height at which buds are in
sert ed varies; the nearer the ground the