davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Norwich bulletin., 1914-12-19
UNCASVH.LE
Holiday Sale and Supper-choir Re- hearsins Christmas Music-Tanso Class Meets-Reeent Parties.

SEr.. and Mrs. L. A. Comstock have been entertaining Everett Church of Philadelphia
 The Palmer Bros. Co. recently pur- chased 2. new autotruck.
 Outside work on the new boxshor which the c. M. Robertson Co. have in process of building is nearly com pleted the roof having been begun this week.
 cokhegAn Camp. sf. v. os A.. held it's meeting tn Hickey-S aaIl Moa@ay
Norwich bulletin., 1914-12-19
LEFFNGWELL

Miss Egith LsafinSweu. a ee1Aene iE ths Baptist Institute for Christian Workers in Philadelphia, is home for the Christmas vacation.
 Miss Gladys LefnngweH of Norwich
Norwich bulletin., 1914-12-19
BoZRAH
Grange Helds Annual EIeetiea--
 Charles B. Davis Master.

Bozrah grange met in the town hall WedARSday evening. The following oh5cefs were elected for the eneilng years. Master. Charles B. Davis. o1er- seer EdWard A Bishop; lecturer. Mra. ". Frtnk; steward, Lloyd Abeis treasurer, Leroy Lathrop. secretary, Frank N. Gardner; Ratakeeper, Law renee Abel; Ceres, Grace Frink; Po- mona, Mildred Abel: Flora, Edna Smith; lady assistant steward. Mrs. Edwin Wheeler.
 Miss Alice Bishop attended the New London County Pomona held in Nor wich Thursday.
Norwich bulletin., 1914-12-19

Rev. John a. Knott Isrt1a7 eTculnT' Nnmpratr NnSnas were eu3oyed. 414 h1E~ e c1rdY and E1oEaEc9 were sol4 4t ouetieh. The pteeeedq nlnapzts
 Barn Bsfnsd.
 A <Eazno barn ounnd hy B z. TTA~ termfn nlEd Hltuetsd On what 4a1 the Fowler place was burned to tho ground Rt about four o'clock Friday tfternoon. The blaze Attracted xnuci1 nokice. 1t ie said there was au 4u@ EsTllce of eto0 on the pptldire.
 Eleven PsIes Fell. Linsmen are busy tflih week repiac~' in< the bad break fu tho telephone inc on the turnpike caused by the Ice Q1ofn. Eleven large poles were bToeHn down which Brought down e3i o< the largo nsmter of wires in the rpadsFAy and 1locikea all travel for a tine.
 John Bnowrins qk Norwich was e guest n3 the homo of his uncle, N- q, Thozaae eaz5y Ihiz week.
 Tho X. F. g. C. D. meeting 9szuy day erunjng viii be held at cFciocE feer tue. spstead of T.so as 1ormar1 Nrs. v. IT. Geer who has been ee- riouesy III Ia slowly ccnva1egcinE.
 Tho LadieE Aid society met WStff A9rx. ". q. Curry Tuesday aftsrnoo1-
Norwich bulletin., 1914-12-19
pesperation ef oardnsr.

conRressufan Gardner is going Co 1efend th.s country if he has to in- vent war to do it. --DetroB zour- nal
Norwich bulletin., 1914-12-19
GOSHEN

c. E. -christnsss seeiaf-sarnins of Rarn-tee sterm Hreaks Down
 Eleven Poles.
 There swas sn attendance Of about forty at the Christian nnaS- chrintRnas social hald at tho hnaas af
Norwich bulletin., 1914-12-19
LEDYARD

Grange Has Supper and Sale and Hears Suffrage Address-Martet Gardeners Send Powers for Funeral of H. D. RalIion.
Norwich bulletin., 1914-12-19
Appraisers Named.

The probate court has appointed Jo- seph D. Austin and Billings T. Avery appraisers on the estate of the late Isaac A. Chapman. C. Virginia Chap man has qualified as ezecutrix.
 Mrs. s. E. Holdridge visited rcla- tiYeS in Preston City Sunday.
Norwich bulletin., 1914-12-19

M1Arsdas Fire Less Partially Covered Z hy nsupanee-ch chrietmas Safe, Sup
 per and EntevtainAnent-ciosiee ES- ereisss ct Brunette cornsrs sohoet'
Evening star., 1914-04-26

He had \ rot fight with the natives
near the Tobasco river q month late,
Evening star., 1914-04-26

through. then the Bagdad line would
serve the peaceful uses of commerce.
But the Suez canal hardly is likely to be
blocked long enough for any permanent
diversion of traffic
There is a political side to the Basdad
railway. Its construction is of undoubted
value to the Turkish government. be-
cause Mesopotamia and the intervening
regions are made SO much more accessi-
bic. Notwithstanding that the governors
of the vilayets, or provinces, are APP
pointed from Constantinople. some of
them have been pretty Independent of
the central authority. Others, while
loyal enough, have had to take into con-
sideration the Indifference of the kurds
and the wandering Arabs to the central
power.
When the Turkish government is able
to move its troops quickly by rail to any
disturbed district it will have less con-
cern about the maintenance of its au-
thority. Yet the agricultural and indus
trial development and the increase in
population following the construction of
the railway will he of more benefit than
the ability to transport troops quickly.
CHARLES NJ PEPPER.
Evening star., 1914-04-26

have huge field of natural resources
for exploitation.
Cotton raising in the irrigated districts
is another prospect. The concession also
covers this agricultural commodity. The
soil capabilities. it is understood, are
similar to those of the irrigated lands OF
Egypt, and no doubt exists as to the
production of cotton. The labor question
will have to be solved before the com
mercial value of cotton cultivation can
be realized. The Kurds and the Arabs
have not taken kindly to settled agri-
culture, but there is a more stable agri-
cultural population. and possibly this may
be obtained through colonization, SO that
labor will be found.
Years ago. when the Bagdad railway
was largely a paper enterprise, there was
much discussion on the prospective COM
petition with the Suez canal The Eng
lish alarmists who interrogated the min
istry in parliament as to its danger to
British control of India also made known
their fears that the dividends received
from the governments shares in the
Suez canal might be reduced because of
the BaSdad railway competition.
:: i
SueZ in one sense may be considered as
a competitive river and rail route But
since the Suez Canal Company has enter
ed upon the plan of enarging the facili-
ties of the canal so as to keep abreast of
traffic demands, and also has reduced the
canal tolls. the Bagdad line offers little
announcement to competition. 1t may
some day get the overflow traffic, if the
canal, in spite of its enlarged facilities,
becomes congested. Should some country
at war with another country, notwith-
standing the naturalization of the canal,
succeed accidentally in blocking il to
prevent the enemys warships getting
Evening star., 1914-04-26

from Aleppo which IS convenient to
Beirut as a seaport. This will be the
natural route for freight from Europe
, and the United States. At present the
camel caravans from Alenpo to Mosul
require thirty-five days The railroad.
even on a slow freight schedule, will
reduce this time to four or five days
Considerable development of agricul-
ture is also expected. and European
market will be opened for the grain
fattened for the slaughterhouses
abroad. 1t is assumed that the bulky
products. hides and skins. wool and
licorice roots from the Mosul districts,
will continue to float down the Tigris.
since railway freights cannot be
lowered to meet this competition. A
year or so ago it cost between eleven
and twelve dollars ton to ship freight
from Bagdad to New York
The traffic from the development of
the petroleum and timber resources of
the regions from the Taurus mountains
and beyond to the Euphrates is pure
ly conjectural. The same is to be said
of the mining exploitation. German eN-
pectations are nevertheless large of the
returns to be received from these
sources under monopolistic concessions.
and when German capital goes into de-
velopments of enterprises of this sort it
usually does so with foreknow1edge
which is the outcome of thorough in
vestigation. So it may be presumed that
the Berlin banking interests, which are
financing the railway project and which
viii have To spend large sums in eX-
plotting their concessions, have satis-
Icc taeGs ives befc '-aand that they
Evening star., 1914-04-26

less than four times, the last moving,
taking place in 1909. brought it back to
The old location as selected by Cortez.
This move was in conformity with orders
sent from Spain during the vice royalty
OF the Conde de Monterey
The natives did not greet CorteZ with
enthusiasm. They could not appreciate
his proposition of benevolent assimla-
ion, but they did not object with Suf
ficient fervor to drive him off. Cortez
made himself comfortable for several
months there in an unavailinG effort to
secure peaceful reception on the part
of the natives. both local and of the
hinterand.
In the meantime discomfort arose
among the members of the expedition.
CorteZ, having picked up Il Tobasco In
dian woman captive, whom he made his
favorite sunk somewhat in the estimation
of his men. TO keep them from break
ing up the expedition, SorteZ burned his
ships in the harbor of Vera Cruz and Au-
gust 16 of that year-l319Istartcd inland
on his conquest of all Mexico.
The construction of the strong fort of
san Juan de llla begun by the
SDanish in 1,S2 but it was not finished
until the middle Of the eighteenth cen
iurN.
Though the revolution to break the
rule Of Spain in Mexico was begun as
early as 1slu, and while spanish rule
practically ended in ISL. it Was not anti
1875 that Spain evacuated san Juan de
Tiua. Recognition Of the republic Of
Mexico by the United States and Great
Britain followed Immediately.
Vera Cruz, says the guide book. may
be done in a day. a walk about the
streets and plazas and along the Paseo.
with it's tall waving palm trees, is all
to interest. and to the Church of the
Black Christ, where the image of the
Savior is black. There is only one other
like it-at Havana or near that city.
There is another thing that will attract
Evening star., 1914-04-26

the attention of the tourist at Vera
Cruz, and that is the street cleaning de-
partment The employees work without
salary and find themselves. and their
thorough manner (but not their methods)
is TO be commended. Their only reward
is the enforcement of city ordinance
which nficts five-dollar fine the
ladiscreet and reckless citizen who should
happen to kill one Of them. The natives
call these street cleaners Zopilotes. but
To the American they just plain
everyday 'buzZards.
Admiral t'letcher's captur of Vera
Cruz last week differed materially from
the previous taking of that city by the
Americans, in March. lSiT. The first
American battle of Vera Cruz had as it's
prime objective not SO much the city it
self as the fortress of San Juan de Tlua.
The reputed extraordinary strength of
this defense caused prolonged delay un-
ii, sufficient force could be massed to in
sure its fall. Then. too. both city and
fort were heavily garrisoned
i !.
Commodore David Conner was in com
mand of the american squadron oper-
atinc in the gulf during that war with
Mexico. With a small number of ships
he Was charged with the duty of block
ad;ng the entire coast line and he had
trouble doing il. Tho campaign had. as
its purpose, finally capturing Vera Cruz
and San Juan de Tina. Small engage
mcntS. severe storms, tropical fevers.
scurvy and other troubles fell to the lot
Of the squadron for Il number of months.
Finally reinforcemcnts came. and in
March. 1S4I the force before Vera Cruz
numbered seventy ships and transports.
with Gen. Winfield Scott's army Of 12.GoO
men on board.
Commodore Conner had a fighting fleet
of ten vessels, ranging from the fifty
ton frigate Potomac down to twelve
gun brig, carrying all told pol guns.
A combined army and navy attack was
Evening star., 1914-04-26

decided upon. Conner decided to do a
part of his fighting from shore, and to
that end he sent to the beach, when the
landing operations began on the morning
of March . were completed. six heavy
guns from the ships. These were formed
in battery and sheltered by huge piles of
sandbags. 1t took to the 10Th to get
the battery fully established all the work
of constructing it-a veritable little fort
being done under fire, but when finished
it did notable work. This battery was
the first to punch holes in San Juan
de Ulua
The first landing from the fleet. as
stated, was on the morning of March o.
To prepare for it. at sunrise Conner had
put the steamers Spitfire and Vixen to
work clearing the mainland beach. Under
cover of the fire from these two vessels.
10000 men We're put ashore, with all their
arms and stores. While the MeXicans
sought to prevent the landing, their firing
was not overly severe.
The next morning the Spitfire was
paraded up and down the harbor to draw
the enemy's fire and to determine what
the Mexicans really had in the way of
guns on the mainland, there being two
fortifications. one at each end of the
town. Every gun opened on her and she
returned tne HGt- ScHu1flS SIelS 10 tile
heart of the town. and then. having
located the enemy's guns. she retired
There was desultory firing back and
forth until March -. when, the saudbas
battery finally being ready in all its
parts. the bombardment of the city from
the beach began, and the army, with its
guns. joined
Then. on the day following. the main
attack on San Juan de J-lua was deliv-
cred. Lieut. Josiah Tattnal. with the
steamers SpItfire and Vixen and five
schooners in tow. attacked the castle
one schooner was left off Point Honorios
but the others steamed up within grape
range of the fort.
The Mexicans held their fire in omi-
nous fashion" writes John r. Spears, the
naval historian, until the American YES
sells We're in position, and then opened
Evening star., 1914-04-26
Spring Ribbons.

MANY lingerie frocks are sashed in
AvA Roman stripped or plaid ribbons of
dark colors. These range from brilliant
tones. such as reds and greens, to the
wine shades and the very dark green's
prune and olive. There is something
very smart about these dark-toned
sashes. We have been accustomed so
long to the lighter colors that the nov
city is very refreshing.
Evening star., 1914-04-26

ADMIRAL Fletcher and
Cortez Both Landed
April u. the Latter in
1910 and the Former in
l0I4-The Vera Cruz
of Today-One of the
Very Old Cities on the
Continent-Chief Sea-
port of Mexico Has
Figured Largely in
History. Having Been
Occupied at Different
Times by Americans,
French, Spanish and
English.
Evening star., 1914-04-26

~ the occasion Of his first landing and
made nulnhrr Of captiNcs. Then he sail
ea Up IN coast and dropped his anchors
"ii Vera cruz on Good FRIDAY. landing
Immediately on san Juan de Ilua. On
tic ensuing day he landed where the
present city stands and because
tac first landing was made on Good
Friday. and because the reports indicated
mat there was much gold in the vicinity,
he gave the place the name of the Villa
Eica de la Santa Vera Cruz-'The Rich
city of the Holy True Cross
Although the town has been moved no
Evening star., 1914-04-26
CONTINUED from Third Page

CONTINUED from Third PageD
inflated skins on the Euphrates pref
crence is given to the large fatboat
known as the .'shakhtur."
Small steamship lines now carry some
thing like a hundred thousand tons of
freight up and down the Tigris annually.
Bagdad expects to increase its natural
Importance when ii becomes a railway
center. Much of the traffic for the rail.
way win be furnished by the caravan
routes which lead from it in all direc-
tons. Neither the camel nor the mule
caravan will be put out of business.
Nearly ten million dollars of transit trade
OF Persia now passes through Bagdad
each year. and it is carried by caravan.
On the main caravan route to Persia
there are something like $1,000 camel
mule loads. y camel load averages from
4Oo to iJo pounds, and a mule load 800
to 800 pounds. After the completion of
the railway some of the caravan traffic
which passes outside of Bagdad will find
the most convenient route to be through
the city.
1t is expected tnat some day the Bag
dad railway will be prolonged along the
Tigris to Bassorah. which is the head of
the Persian gulf navigation, but the day
is probably long distant. 1t is not likely
regions of the lower Tigris and the Eu-
pirates will be diverted to the railway
lire by way of Constantinople. Smyrna
or Beirut. Water transportation will
still e. the cheaper way of freight for
these regions
Between Baodad aud MosuI most OF
thc ira fflc VIII co4rs OYER tHr railway
Evening star., 1914-04-26

the honor OF the capture of Vera Cruz
Win The army, II is clear that between
the ships and the naval battery ashore
the seamen did the main part of the
work. Il their battery that made
In iirst and the largest lreech in the
forts attacked. and III . o'clock on the
afternoon OF the -5th every gan in reach
of this battery had been :'iienced. The
battery lost four killed and eight
wounded
AT ) am. March - the firing at
Vera Cruz ceased at the request of the
Mexicans. and after talk between the
commanding officers the town surren-
dered March 2s. 1917, and the important
work OF the navy for that war was
done"
With Vera Cruz in American hands.
Scott had a base for his operations on
to the City Of Mexico. All who have in
vaded Mexico have gone by the same
route.
The first important stopping place on
that route is Jalapa. the capital of the
state of Vera Cruz. a state. by the way,
which has a population of /. IA :;6S with
Vera Cruz as its largest town. Jaiapa
lies seventy miles from Vera Cruz on
tie main line OF the railroad to the ma
tional capital. and clings 10 the noun
tain side at an altitude of 4,3t0 feet It
is II curious, oid-fashoned place-old-
fashioned even in Mexico where the
fashion of everything is old-vith streets
as refreshingly crooked and irregular
as they are picturesque, and miraculous
ly clean.
The city is famous throughout Mexico
for the exceeding beauty OF its women.
and of its situation. From these its
pleasing characteristics arise the say
ing that Jalapa is a part of heaven let
down to earth and the pro~erb: Lac
Jalapenas son halaugenas''-''b 'bewitch..I-.
aliurins are women OF Jaiapa'
Evening star., 1914-04-26

F5tE of Mexico. and is built in 4 SANDY.
pesoiate region. For centuries il was
itJie better than yellow fever pesthOle
h1t system Of sanitation installed in
I'tj' has made il extremely healthfui.
Not until recent years. when the present
jetty and breakwater We're built was
there much of harbor at Vera Cruz.
but it sufticed just off the city Is cal
leea reef. an extension of the island on
which the fortress of San Juan de Glua
is built, and this reef. until the construc-
tion of the jetty, formed the only harbor
Ships anchored little south Of the
island and passengers were taken of in
small boats. With the extensive harbor
improvements and sea walls Installed dur
ing the Diaz regime. shipping conditions
We're bettered materially. Ships may now
draw up to the piers.
The first discoverer to visit the site Of
Vera Cruz was Don Juan de GriiaIva, in
151s. who had been sent out by Selps-
queZ. the Governor of Cuba. to see what
ne could see. The year previous. Fran
cisco Hernandez de Cordoba. one of We
lesquezs all-around explorers, had dis
covered fucatan. and the governor
Thought Don Juan might do We'll. Don
Juan landed on the Island of San Juan
de Clua. claimed the country and sent
back good report of it. This led We
lesquez to outfit still stronger expedi-
ton under the command OF fernando
Cortez TO subdue the country and bring
IT under Spanish dominion. Cortez he con-
s!dered promising young land iooter
Just before the expedition started, how
ever. NeiesqueZ changed his mind. iie
thought CorteZ might be too good. and
might operate on him what is technically
known in these modern days as the "dou-
BILE cross" CorteZ got wind of the gov
ernor's change of heart. and set sail be
fore orders could be conveyed to him that
he had been superseded.
He took with him IL ships. carrying
no sailors, 10 cavalrymen. with their
horses; 55a foot soldiers, 200 Cuban In
dians. d battery of 10 small cannon and
4 falconets. Under his standard of con-
quest. black ensign emblazoned with
the arms of Charles V. bearing the Grim
son cross borne in clouds, with the motto:
Friends. let us follow the cross. and
if We have faith We will conquer, he
sailed from Cuba February is. 1919.
Evening star., 1914-04-26

with scores and hundreds of guns from
the city as well as from the castle. The
vessels were in an instant almost OBJ
scured by the spray that arose in clouds
where the shot of the enemy struck the
water on every side of them. \ more ter
rife fire has rarely been seen. 1t Gov
cred the vessels with water as well as hid
them with spray, and the sailors came
out of the fight at the end of an hour
soaking wet and in real danger of taking
cold.
But not a man had been hit by mis-
sile. Only three of the vessels were
struck, and those not seriously. 1t was
very poor exhibition of gunnery."
OF the work of the naval battery on
shore Spears writes:
SO eager We're the forces afioat to see
service in this battery that the officers
for it were chosen by lot. So effective
was its work that the enemy, on the 25th,
concentrated upon it all the guns that
would bear. and the work there became
the warmest any man present had ever
experienced.
Seeing this. Commodore Perry-the
same Perry who opened Japan-who had
relieved Conner OH the 2lst, ordered four
vessels into the harbor to divert the at
tenfion of the enemy from the battery.
Lieut.. Josiah Tatthall was fortunate
enough to get command of this little
squadron. and with it discretion to go
where he pleased Accordingly he ad
vanced to within eighty yeards of the
castle. and then went still further in.
The fire he drew on his boats was ter
rific-so terrific. in fact, that Commodore
Perry to save the vessels that seemed
doomed to immediate destruction. sig
nailed Tattnall to return. but Tattnall
was too busy to look for signals and did
not see them. So small boat had to
be sent to bring the intrepid crews
away.
While the navy must share some of
Evening star., 1914-04-26

were somewhat different. Neither. how
ever. was cordially welcomed 10y the in
habitants.
The CHIEF seaport Of Mexico. Vera Cruz
as figured largely in Mexican history
II was occupied by the French in 1898 by
the Americans in ls41. by the allied
French English and Spanish ill 1865. and
II Was the seat of the Juarez government
Garirs the war of the reform.
II IS a citv Of about 5000 people, on th,
2u,f coast. 2o3 miles rs rail east Of the
Evening star., 1914-04-26

y April Il. 1519-
Good F'riday-Her.
nando Cortez land
ed at Vera Cruz,
Mexico, to begin
the conquest of the
country Exactly
80 Years later,
April II. 1914. Ad-
miral + letc h g /
landed there. The
circumstances oi
the two landings