Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1914-04-10
SPRAYING THE
APPLE ORCHARDS.

pays to spray has long since been
answered in the affirmative, so
it will not be necessary for me
to enter upon any argument in
regard to this phase of the sub
ject.
Spraying is absolutely essen
tial to the good health and vigor
of the tree, for protection against
insect pests and fungous dis
eases. It is thus essential in the
production of clean fruit.
Notwithstanding will venture
to say that there are some fruit
growers who do not believe in
spraying. We hope they are
few. On other hand while many
fruit growers appreciate the i'm
portance of spraying and general
care as to pruning, cultivation
and fertilization, yet many such
fall down in spraying. They
regard the word as .disagreeable,
expensive hard to understand and
difiult to accomplish. A few
general principles are easy to
learn. It is an insurance and an
investment. 1t pays and pays
well.
However to get results it is
necessary that the fruit growers
spray intelligently. AS a for
mer great Premier of Great Brit
ain once said, IF the farmer
would manure his land with
brains as the painter mixes his
paint with oil much less would
be heard about agricultural de-
preston; so too if the fruit
grower knew what to spray for;
and used the proper mixture, APP
piled at the proper time, and did
the spraying thoroughly using
good spraying outft-one giving
good pressure, and not a make
shift made solely to sell-much
less would be heard about the in
ferior apples dumped on some
mark cts.
Apple orchar DIS are attacked
by many insects and diseases
which are on the increase. These
cause an immense yearly loss.
The orchard man must know
what he is spraying for; in other
words he must know the habits
or life histories of these pests in
order to know how best to COM
bat them at the most vulnerable
time of their period of life.
INSECTS AND DISEASES TO COMBAT
The chief insects attacking
the apple trees and fruit are:
San Jose Scale, oyster shell bark
louise, blister mite, aphlds, bud
moth, Cooling moth, tent cater.
pillars, case bearers, canker
worms, plum curculio and rail-
road worm. There are few
others of minor Importance. The
chief diseases are: Apple scab,
apple leaf spot, sooty blotch,
bitter rot, black rot, canker and
blight.
Practically all these insects
and diseases can be controlled bv
sprays except railroad worm,
blight and capker.
NRrURE AND HABITS OF PESTS.
An insect passes through vari-
Gus stages in its development.
The greatest injury in most in.
stances is done while it is in Its
larval or worn STAGE Briefly
stated there are two kinds of in
sects:
Cd Those having biting mouth
parts-which actually chew theil
J food. All fruit and leaf eating
insects belong to this class, a.
Cooling moth, canker worm, cast
bearers, bud moths etc. Thess
may be killed by covering TIL,
| plant upon which they live will
some poison such as arsenate o.
lead or Paris green. Thes'
may be called flood poisons."
i (2) Those having sucking
mouth parts-which pierce til,
plant tissues and suck up tn
juices, as for instance San Jos
Scale. oyster shell bark louise
aphids, plant lice etc. Thes
must be destroyed by some sub
stance which will clog up thei
breathing pores-or which wi
have a caustic action on thei
body. Lime sulphur or kerosen
emulsion are effective for thi