The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-09-06

bon succession, led great difficulties and another reaction The freedom of the press was abolished. The expedition to restore the Spanish king innamed the republicans. About this time Louis died and was succeeded by the Count d'Artos Charles K. who Represented the lowest ebb of his line Reaction swept farther back than ever under him. Bigotry found in Charles ardent advocate. He belonged in the of feudalism. This was than French could tolerate in the nineteenth century, and on his promulgatng several laws in violation of the charter revolution took place, the bar ricaded and clashes with military took place. and Charles fled the city
 In his place elevated Louis Philippe, Duke of Orleans, whom they called the citizen king and from that time began the reign of the middle class This citizen king the of the nephew of Louis XVI, who had accepted the revolution but had nevertheless paid for it with Lis head. This son had lived in many lands, among others, residing for time in New Jersey. During the revolution he had lived in Paris and had made reputation as a democrat in many ways.
 He took the oath to constitution, and in the beginning of his reign many laws were passed which argued well for return of liberalism. As he had been chosen king by election in the chamber it was presumed that the title hardly inconsistent with republican ideas and matter of form. How ever, the kings party had not smooth sailing A legitimst movement began, headed by the Duchess de Barry, eliminating in insurrection. Another occurred in 1882, of republican origin and there in eleven years several attempts to kill the king Revolutionary Spirit Active.
 The result of all this oppressive measures by the government, in the midst of which came evil dences or desire for the return of Bonaparte This had for it's object the putting forward of Louis Bonaparte, the nephew of the emperor He had lived in Italy and Switzerland He got into trouble with the French government in 1S36 apd continued to be object of suspicion to it. -four years after he was arrested in France and imprisoned, but escaped to bide his time
 Revolutions contagious. As that of France in 17S9 found it's echo elsewhere so did that of 1S3O The Dutch king found his Belgian subjects un happy. They revoted in that year in Brussels and drove out his troops They set up a govern ment and chose a king of their own, Leopold of Coburg Poland took fire and chased out of War saw grand duke The revolutionists however not organized and the attempt failed.
 After ten years the Italian revolutionary spirit revived in Modena and Parma, where the rulers were driven out. There were revolutions in sev
 
 outside aid the rebels were disappointed Aus tria intervened and the trouble was extinguished Some reforms were instituted, but two years later the flame again leaped up and this time France took a hand, saying that she did so for the peace of Europe Incidentally she seized the fortress of Ancona. This was done from jealousy of Aus tria Finally Austria and France called their forces back
 Ala in so in In Touta Lad swung around to the old aristocratic stand of kings. Reform had no show with his govern ment. Socialism had made great gains and so had the middle classes Louis Philippe has been called the bourgeois King The bourgeois class was in power Nlt mad begun represent privilege in ts conservative form The ideas of the liberals. the modsyates, the socialists were abhorrent to the middle class and the middle class king All the promises of hs earlier years the throne were unfuhlled. It was not neglect; 1t was design
 The Republican party, led by Lamartine, seconded by reform party. The meetings of these two alarmed the monarchy which forbade them. There was ia clash, but the ref0rmers appeared in such numbers that Lous Philippe offer to com promise. His minister, Guizot, stepped out, and then the opposition and the military met. Blood was shed and the throne of Orleans tottsrsd and tho king fell.
 The torch of revolt crosssd the Rhine from France to Poland Its blaze lighted the thrones of central Europe from Italy to the northern seas. The fall Of Louis Philippe shook every realm the continent. ln no country was the shock greater than in the German confederation or Prussia. The revolution there embraced some of the finest men cf the nations. The Frsnch theories had thess sons sk sass hrmsst supporters. Many of the h.