davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1914-11-22
, Be But Pawn Of Europe After the War
Which Peasant Bear-Naona Development Projects
Mdng Other CSphere of Contracts
PoweRal~y Building and gaonReview
With United States One Sh Patches
the NATURAL Field dfo Growth.

the greater part of Asia Minor and the
construction of the Bagdad railway.
with the implied agreement that she
should not seek 4 prolongation to the
English Monroe doctrine sphere on the
Persian gulf.
French nationals got the concessions
for the harbor works at Jaffa, Haifa
and Tripoli. and also railway conceS
sions for Syria and the Black sea dis.
trict. Syria practically was fenced off
for France.
England. with her preponderant COM
mercial interests at smyrna. was given
full liberty of action in that section
of Asia Minor. and also was left to ex-
ploit whatever could be exploited in
ConStantinople
During the last two wears real prog
ress was made in many of thee deNel-
oped enterprises. particularly IN rail
way construction and in irrigation. The
German irrigation works at konla
We're completed at a cost of $1,000. 900,
with the addition of a large pr"duc-
tive area to the plains of Anatolia-
Supplementing the extension of the
Bagdad railway. the Turkish govern
ment itself undertook the irrigation
of the Garden of Eden, or modern
Mesopotamia and within compare
lively recent date the first of the
series of these irrigation works. open
ing up the lands of the Ilgrls ana
E,uphrates, was completed.
This work was done by an English
contracting firm whose activities are
marked all through South America;
hut the project was under the general
direction of Sir William Willcocks,
whose record as a great irrigation ensi-
neer was made in Egypt. and who this
r,.t. inc nv 9 |
irrigation service in an advisory ca
pacity.
The money for these projects. of
course, could not come from Turkey
1t had to be obtained III the usual form
of loans. although some of the capital
was provided out OF their own re
sources by the firms which obtained
valuable contracts. This the case
with the big English shipbuilding and
ordnance firms. which secured the con-
tract for the reorganization of the
dockyards and naval arsenals.
Most of the money was obtained from
France Turkey tioated loan Of sl59.,
100000 there. and in return granted
valuable concessions for railways and
other construction enterprises to
French capitalists. 1t is not known
how much of this loan actually had
been paid over. but since the Balkan
very large sums have gone into
Turkey from France.
Without entering into the question of
how France will get the money back
after the universal war is concluded, it
is apparent that the amount of French
capital tied up in Turkey is serious
loss of her war resources at the pres
ent time.
Belgium had considerable invest
ments in various electrical concessions
in Constantinoplc and other cities
Germany has put less capital into
Turkey and got more out of the Otto
man empire than any of the great pow
Evening star., 1914-11-22

the Department of Agriculture have
interefered somewhat with fig ship
ments. but these requirements are now
pretty well understood. and in peace
times there is no reason to look for n
leSSening of the volume of business.
The trade in carpets and rugs is an
uncertain one. Most OF these are
shipped from Constantinople, and when
the demand is good amount TO Sl.50o.-
900, but when the demand is slack
the business sometimes drops to
100000.
The United States is one OF Turkeys
best customers for opium. the exports
to this country sometimes reaching
100000. Most of this comes from
Anatolia. and is shipped through
Smyrna.
This country draws on Turkey for
wool, and also for goat and sheepskin.
The wool exports range from Sl,O00.0OO
to s2.0O0.O0O. while skins are in the
neighborhood of s1,o0o,0oo.
Emery stone is one of the special
products which is wanted by the
United States, and which is supplied
to the amount of s250,000 and upward.
1t comes from the Smyrna district.
American imports into Turkey are
varied, and no one product amounts to
imposing figures. The commerce is one
of shreds and patches. In farm ma
Evening star., 1914-11-22
DISEASE I'm THE ARMIES.

Some of the cable messages from
Europe have brought the statement
that typhoid fever RACES among the
troops of Austria and Hungary. These
messages have generally come from
Rome and this source makes the ac-
curacy of statements affecting the stu
alton in the Austrian armies open to
question, but there is matter for re-
Election in the accounts.
Typhoid has been one of the scourges
OF armies. 1t has put out of action
more soldiers than bsyonets aud bull
lets. but within the last few years, be-
cause of a knowledge of its causes ana
because of immunizing treatment OF
men. the disease in armies has been
brought under control and its raNages
checked. This treatment is understood
and practiccd in ali the modern armies
of the world, and the only explanation
of a typhoid epidemic in the Austrian
forces is that hosts of civilians have
been converted into troops so hastily
that the typhoid prophylactic treat
ment was not administered in time.
1t is more likely that if the report mas
foundation in fact ii is the civil
population of certain districts in Aus
tria instead of the military forces
which are affected by the typhoid
plague.
In the army which the United States
raised for and in part used in the war
with Spain about one man in every
five or six contracted typhoid fever,
and nine-tenths of the American SOL
diers who died in that brief war died
of typhoid. The British armies in the
Boer war were ravaged by this insidi
Gus and malignant foe and medical
statistician has shown that in the ST.
900 cases of this fever among the
British troops in South Africa there
were 5000 deaths. The French and
German armies in the war of 1901
suffered heavy losses from typhoid, and
in the armies of the north and south
during the American civil war the toll
of typhoid was great.
Evening star., 1914-11-22

velopment of Turkey. and her place u
world commerce, ii is evident that IN
first question to he determined y
whether there Will be a Turkey In t.i
rope Whether there is or not. ASH Y
Turkey is the natural neld tor th
growth of commerce.
1t is not likely that any of the Euro
pean nations, when the regulation p
Turkey comes after the war. ~llt !"
thinking of the interests OF the nlfe1
States; yet an era of industrial deFe
opment in Asiatic Turkey VIII he srr1
to open the way for the expansio" q
American commerce.
Should a new status aris" uio oel
which the Turkish peasant VIII hay
years of peace so that he may get @
from under the burden OF taxation. M
Turkish population that remains In /
rope, as well rs that which is IN AslI
Minor, will become large consumers 7
foreign products.
The United States can supply man
of these commodities just rs chraply Il
Europe But Europe VIII nave the 20
vantage in the capital supplied to TL'
key and in the concessions iof &C
struction enterprises ia return for tha1
capital
CHARLES NJ PEPPER.
Evening star., 1914-11-22

The progress in the sciences of bac-
teriology and sanitation has removed
this enemy of armies and in the Russo
Japanese war and in the Balkan war
little was heard OF typhoid and it has
not figured in the news from the pres
ent European war except in the ac-
count by way of Rome, which has been
referred to.
The news from. the battle regions
ana from the hospitals concerning
gangreuc deals with one of the his
toric scourges OF the human race.
There are several forms of gangrene.
Artisepsis has we'll nigh eradicated
one form but IT ragged in the military
hospitals during the Crimean war. the
American civil war and previous wars.
1t was somewhat less common during
The Franco pruSsian war from the fact
that Listers theory and practice of
aGtiSepSis = had made remarkable prog
reSs. Hospital gangrene has become
almost unknown IN civilized countries
and Il medical text hook of recent date
has this to say on that subject:
Hospital ganErene is now historic
disease modern antisepsis having led
to its disappearance. 1t probably rep
resented an infection of extreme v1ru-
lence, the exact nature of which may
only be surmised.
In another medical text book is this
omiuous' prophecy:
Hospital gangrene has become
historic disease. AS complete dlsap-
pearance of the disease has. however.
been reported in former times, and 1t
is highly probable that the occurrence
of war. of great epidemics. or of any
disaster which may profoundly AFFECT
the present we'll regulated system or
hospital service or of surgical aid to
the sick or poor in large centers of
population will bring back this un-
welcome guest.
The gangrene of battlefields result
ing from injuries too long neglected.
sometimes called spreading troumatic
gangrene"-is probably the kind which
is meant by the reports from Europe.
and the line between this form of gan
creme and hospital gangrene, II there
is such a line. is vague and indistinct.
Evening star., 1914-11-22

70$S
ARGONAUTs SOUGHT GOLDEN FLEECE I'm WAR ZONE.

Helle on his back and bore them TO-
ward the Euxine sea, but when ne
came to the Thracian Chersonese,
which is now the Gallipoli peninsula
Helle fell from his back into the sea.
and that narrow stretch of water was
thenceforth called Hellespont. but
in spite of this sad accident the ram
continued on his way through the
clouds until he came to Colenis'
Phrixus made his home there and mar
ried Chalchiope, daughter of King
Aietes, and he sacrificed the ram ana
nailed it's fleece to a beech tree IN q
grove that was sacred to Ares. the
war god of the wild people of Colchis.
<
But, when Phrixus died. and death
came even to the wonderful men of
those wonderful days. his spirit called
out that it could not rest so far from
his beloved, his native Hellas. He
visited the Greek heroes in their
dramas, and his spirit told them 1t
could not be freed and put at rest
till they sailed over the seas to Colchis
and brought back the golden fleece,
which was nailed to n beech tree IN
the sacred grove of Ares.
That is why the Argonauts sailed in
their quest for the golden fleece. They
were not prospectors in the sense In
which we moderns understand that
word They sailed and dared all dan
gers and endured sore trials to give
rest to the perturbed spirit of a
brother Greek.
The capture of the golden fleece re-
uuired nerve. Jason tanned two
brazen-footed bulls that breathed fire.
and with them, in less than a single
day, plowed four acres of Ares land.
sowed those acres with serpents' teeth,
and each tooth sprang up into an arm
ed man, but they fell upon each other
instead of Jason. He overmatched.
with the aid of Orpheus' song and
harp. a serpent. thicker and longer
than big pine tree that. covered with
shining spangles, guarded the beech
tree and the golden fiece. He out
witted the wild witch huntress, Brimo.
and climbed a wall full nine ellis tall
He did all these things not with his
own strength and cunning. but by an
ointing himself. his helmet and his
shield with an ointment which Medeia
gave him, and which had been made
by that witch from the magic ice
flower that had bloomed from Prom
etheus' wound in the clouds above the
Caucasus, where Russ and Turk now
fight.
Evening star., 1914-11-22
A Future Rockefeller.

HTRUSTS. monopolies. have h..
their day. They did more hart
than good. Hence they must 20. su
all the same, we must admire the lor !
headedness OF the LIcn who create
these vast enterprises.
The speaker wsLS Senator La Foilet;'
He went on:
The trust creator reminds me OF N
little boy who entered the larmer =
truck patch and said, touching hand
some cucumber on n vine:
How much for this?'
Ten cents, the farmer answered.
~ don't want to pay more thai
about = cents said the boy.
We'll, here's one for that price. sa
the farmer, and he lifted up "A ver1
small cucumber that grew beside ~
big one.
"'All right. I'll take her. said td
boy. But don't cut her of now. III
call for her again in two weeks time.
Evening star., 1914-11-22

ton goods were by far the larger pro-
portion of the textiles imported. piece
goods alone amounting to S19.O0O,00O.
There were also heavy importatlons OF
woolens The fezzes which are worn by
the Mohammedan population amounted
to 81 900. .00d.
Mineral oils We're imported to the value
of s., ,Oo0, 900. and coal to the value OF
$1,000, 900 and upward.
Tie advance in modern construction
and enterprise is shown in the importa-
tions of building material. The lumber
impor,s range from S3000,o00 upward
The universal habit of smoking renders
Turkey an excellent market for matches,
and these were imported 10 the amount
of $1,000. 900. In fact, Notwithstanding
,b, progress of modern agriculture. Tur-
KEY paid more for her matches than 1or
agricultural implements. the highest ng-
,,res reached fur the latter having been a
little under $Soo,000
Railway construction and port improve
meptS aud similar enterprises in late
wears have added materially to the I'M
portations of iron and steel products. Lo-
romotives in 1872 amounted to 81 100000
and railway cars to 81 100000. Railway
rails reached n total of S1.136,000.
The introduction of trolley tramways and
the spread of the telephone and telegraph
opened market for electrical products,
but it has not yet reached sl.O0O.0OO.
Sewing machines approNimated 100000
and typewriters s25O,000. Automobiles
and motor boats were just at the thresh-
old of the market, since their importation
WAS little more than S23o,oOo. The Turk
ish government was favorably impressed
with hydroplanes and when the war broke
out was negotiating for an American in
ventoT'S flying boats.
Turkeys most valuable export products
fttKk lot s.tt1 fhar sri. fr1lIfG
These exceed S20,0O0.000.
Tobacco also most important
port product. and still is. but much of the
tobacco producing territory was subtract
ed from Turkey in Europe by the Balkan
war and was given to Greece and Bull
garia. Cavalla, which produced about
one-third of the quantity exported, fell
to Greece.
Opium is another Turkish product for
which world market exists. Some of
the Turkish opium is declared to be espe-
cially valuable for medicinal purposes be-
cause of its proportion of morphia but
there is d well grounded belief that the
Evening star., 1914-11-22

chinery this country leads, especially
in reapers and binders. In plows II
divides the trade with Germany and
other countries. Primitive Turkish
agriculture has not yet taken largely
to steam farm machinery, althoush
there are a few threshers.
American millers have made sporadic
efforts to get share of the Turkish
market for -four which is Il valuable
one for the common grades. American
flour. where it has been tried. has been
liked, but the lack of certain ana
regular steamship facilities has made
it difficult to build up a permanent
market.
Cottonseed oil has ATTAINED a footing
as food product although it has to
compete with native cottonseed oil. the
output of mills furnished with Ameri-
can machinery.
With the extension of the American
coal trade through the Mediterranean
it is reasonable to suppose that Tur-
it can be laid down at Constantinople
almost as cheap as in Italy.
The American trade in textiles is a
mere fraction of the total imports. 1t
amounts to less than 500, 900 aS against
$4,000, 600 from France and $50, 900 900
from the United Kingdom. The small
market which the United States once
had for cottons has been absorbed by
italian and Austrian limitations Of
American goods. At 'one time the United
States had valuable market for rub
ber oyerShOeS, but European countries
got most of this trade.
Until a year ago commerce between
the United states and Turkey was seri-
ously hampered by the lack of steam
shin facilities This deficiency was reme-
died by the establishment of the Ameri-
ca-Levant line and also by one of the
German lines which provided direct
service to and from the Black sea ports.
Whenever peace is restored the steam
ship facilities also Will be restored. and
there will be this encouragement to di-
rect trade.
The action of Turkey in taking advan-
tage of the outbreak of hostilities TO
assert her independence of foreign regu-
lations by abolishing the capitulations
had a trade bearing as well as poiiti-
cal aspect While the capitulations safe
guarded the rights of foreigners IN pro-
yiding for extraterritoriality. they also
restricted Turkeys liberty of action IN
her commercial relations. Her tarfn was
subject to the will of the powers with
which she maintained diplomatic inter
course under the capitulatiOns. She could
not modify it without the consent or all
of them
The Turkish tariff was purely rev.
enue tariff. and was levied on the basis
of ad valorem duties. 1t was IL per cent.
Evening star., 1914-11-22

bulk of the Turkish opium exported is
for smoking purposes.
Rugs and carpets from CONSTANT
nople and Smyrna figure largely in
the exports of textiles. Some of them
are the product of the local industries
and some are alleged to be brought
in from Persia for re-export, but most
of the Persian rugs are limitations.
The United Kingdom for years has
especially in textiles. In 1912 the i'm
ports from Great Britain were close
to s44.0o0.00o. Austria came next. with
s50.000.000, largely textiles. and after.
Germany led in the sale of metals and
machinery, while Belgium closely fol-
lowed the United Kingdom Russia.
notwithstanding continguity. has
France. The imports from Russia
were s13.S7s.oo0. and from France
s17, 900
The large Italian population in Con-
medium for continuous commerce.
but the volume is uncertain. After the
seizure of Tripolitana by Italy the inn
ports from Italy dropped from s16.-
900, 900 to less than $11.0O0.000.
Trade between Turkey and the Bal
kan states had not resumed its normal
course when the present situation
arose. and there is no basis for estt-
mating what the imports would be
from those states. augmented by their
additions of Turkish territory. The
same statement would apply to Greece
In the export trade the market for
Turkish products, taken by the differ
ent countries. bears little relation to
the imports from them. except In the
case of the United Kingdom and Austria.
Great Britain. in 1912, took Turkish
and Austria absorbed SIS, ,225. 900. tobac
co being the principal commodity. Ger
many. though she had n very profitable
share in the markets Of Turkey. absorbed
relatively a small share of Turkish
products. the total falling considerably
under $1,000, 900. France. on the other
hand. took more than S20.000.6OO OF
Turkish products. tobacco figuring
heavily in the total.
Trade between the United states and
Turkey has not reached imposing fig
ures although constant efforts have
being made to augment it. This coun-
try is customer for Turkish products
to the value of $50 100000 and upward.
as shown by the American consular
invoices: while Turkey takes. or did
take, less than S7.000.0O0 from the
United States.
Tobacco, which is necessary to the
cigarette industry. furnished nearly
one-half the exports, the total in 1913
being $40. 900. In the future Il
heavy subtraction will have to be made
from this total. because the tobacco
will be credited to Greece. The i'm
portance of licorice root to the tobacco
industry is shown by expectations
ranging from $500. to s1.25o.ooO.
Figs and dates. which are exported
chiefly through Smyrna. amount to
si,500,0OO. The rigid requirements Of
Evening star., 1914-11-22

ers with which she is now at war. This
generally is attributed to the superior
ity of German diplomacy.
However it may have failed else
where, it could show striking success
in Turkey Under the old regime it
was supreme at Constantinople. When
the Young Turk movement succeeded
it was assumed that Germany. which
had sustained the old order, would be
Evening star., 1914-11-22
The German Shakespeare.

A NOVELIST said at dinner in Bel
muda:
"Gerhardt Hauptmann. the Germa
playwright. comes out now. i see. vii
a defen. of his countrymen for N
sack OF I-ouvain and the wreck OF IN
Cathedral of Rheims"
But" said New York essayiJ
"Hauptmann is the German Shak{
speare."
YES" said the novelist, -"he IL . ve1
German Shakespeare"
Evening star., 1914-11-22

er foodstuffs. Wheat imports ranged
from s2,O00.O0O to 81 200. .0s0. while rice
usually exceeded s5,ooO,OO0. Importa-
tions of wheat -four ranged from SS,000.-
900 to S1O.000,000. Sugar was imported
to the value of S15,OOO.O0O and upward.
The inhabitants of the ottoman en-
pire are very far from clothing them
selves, and in proportion to the popu-
lation textile imports are heavy. Cot
Evening star., 1914-11-22

x fOBODY thinks of the Turkish
peasant He is hard work
ing and long enduring. 1t is
he who will pay tn" price
of the war of the nations in
40 far as it involves the future of the
ottoman empire The BedouinS and
the wild desert tribes will not suffer
In the old days of the Sultan ABDUL
'Iiaid the peasant was without hope.
f,c accepted his condition with the
l..tflism of his religion. The tax gath
.,,,,r took all 1t was Il pruverb that
III. tax gatherer knew not only the
uu:nter of olive trees. but likewise
nc olives on each tree. and not one
-. these could escape taxation.
When the Young TuGl movement up
sat the old order and the existence OF
a genuine national spirit in Turkey
was revealed. a ray of hope came. The
.,olitical reforms which were promised.
and some of which Were inauGurated.
had regard for economic conditions.
The industrial era which WAS ushered
in gave promise of some material good
10 the mass of the population
:.
Taxation. if not lightened. at least
was to serve as u means for develop
Evening star., 1914-11-22

mother was the cloud nymph, and
whose father was the Minuan king.
This Ino was she who, when Athamus
killed one of her children in his rage,
jumped into the from a cliff and
became the dolphin which men who
sail the oceans sometimes see.
The mysterious ram took Phrixus and
Evening star., 1914-11-22

in the war gods grove in Colchis,
land which the geographer today
writes down as the Circassian coast.
The golden fleece was off a remarkab!
ram that came from the clouds when
Ino, the cruel stepmother. was about
to sacrifice Phrixus and Helle, whose
Evening star., 1914-11-22
III
VS&$
RITISH and French gunfire against
X the forts and Turkish shipping in
~ he nn. II LII md the ODera-

II .bo eor.. ,,,a ,r,,rl,;sb Sbinnip. in
- the DardauellcS and the opera
tions of the Turkish, Turkish German
and l,rss warships in the Black sea re-
calls that that part of the world was
the scene OF the adventure of that crew
of heroes who in the classic age were
called tbe Argonauts and who sought
~, .r. 1,,ae.a
'hf ''oiotli
In that crew We're the s'hoiafS Oh
Cileiron the Gentaur. who had taught
tj.,n much ip his cave among the fast
- - ,.,,:,,, .La. ,1,.aI ,,,,,., ~,
HNSses VI i'''''' ma ''"N'' ''o' u o''
l'otcos bE lht ae"' In 'H''' ere" "eic
Heracles the mighty. and Hylas his es-
uuirc Tinbys the steersmau Eutes
,i,a ej,,ct of r,.,, ,,.s.o,
iaiG! as M Wy ..i,I ~ ~ $50,
'tuu oi ;' u' M y, %, ~. II ', go
swan uS' -. - ''!a' .nt ~
tauI9 Goulu ~ ~ N.do" -; 81 tisS ~
itlled nm IN ~ T. ui'Hs oa NJ pi.is
trees felsus IN. ot NJ, i.i.t
uioiiaI iluS'i..i ~ ~ t,,'i 49, ~ ,s -
/.tttS ''iIu ~ -, ~, ~ ,,l. ,i's
-\ofIh I'M hop'uH' ti'e 81 ei
VINO uiasrStoo'' ,hc ''ols, - - - %
nltds lHhoi "n'I tt.,,, 10, t5,e 81 .iiI