davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1914-10-18

decorated with every clasp, cross and
medal within tho gift of her rulers
and aside from this he was elevated
TO the peerage and each time sub
stantial monetary grant. tn the form
Of an independent fortune, was be-
slowed. upon him. He has fought his
way through every campaign England
has engaged IN for the last twenty
FIVE years and In each and every one
he covered himself with glory. His
career has been one of asccndency
since the day he was graduated from
the Royal Military Academy at Wool
wtch. and chances are ne isn't through
vet, There is no better way to SCI
before the reader just what this man
has done than 10 do SO onoiogic-
ally.
Horatio Robert Kitchener is the son
Of the late Lieutenant Colonel Eitch-
ener. whose wife was the daughter
or an English clergyman. This son
was born at Crother House. I3allyIang-
ford. County Kerry, Ireland, and from
his irish father he inherited that dash
which has characterized SO many OF
the Emerald Isle who enlisted In the
service Of them rulers. The boys
earlier cducation completed by private
tutors. he elected the career of n SOL
der and accordingly was entered at
Woolwich. the Royal Military Acad-
envy much like West Point Upon
graduation ne was attached TO one of
the surveys then being made in Pal
estine and later in Samoa. 1t was not
until 1852 that his career as a soldier
began. at which time he was given
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1914-10-18

and for a time Brussels alternated
with the Hague as the seat Of the
States General and the residence of
the King. The revolution which
broke out in Brussels in 1880 ended
In the separation of Belgium and Hoi-
land and on July 21st. 1891. the new
King of Belgium. Leopold of Sake
Coburg Gotha entered the city in
state.
Salic Law.
The constitution provided that the
Crown was to be vested in the male
line to the perpetual exclusion Of
females, but in the event of failure Of
male heirs the King was to have the
right of nominating his successor
with the consent OF the Chambers
tparliament).
By strange fatality 1t was feared
at one time that such an occasion
might arise for Leopold the first was
= widower whan he cana 4" ths
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1914-10-18

command OF an Egyptian cavalry.
From that moment his life has been
a succession of brilliant achievements.
every one OF which were of such ster-
ling worth that both honor and pro-
motion followed. No man had more
to do with efvflizfng the Soudan than
Kitchener, and'in every chapter mark
Ing advancement In that country's af-
fairs Kitchener's name boldly stands
forth.
Career Dates Far Back.
To realize just what Kitchener has
done 1t is necessary to turn back to
the year 1883, and even before Sir
Samuel Baker. the famous Nile ex-
pIorer and hunter, had been made
Governor General of the Soudan. His
brother, Colonel Valentine Baker, the
man who allowed his brilliant career
In England to be ruined because he
would not tell what he might have
told about fool of a girl, command
ed what there was OF cavalry in the
early SOS. But at El-Teb, Wad Ell
Netumi, the great Emir OF Soudar
and born general. fought Bakers
weak legion and massacred 1t. At E
Obeid and Shekan, on November 4
1883. -ElNetumi finished what
had been left over. He defeated and
killed Hicks Pasha, captured Khar-
toum and murdered General Gordon
The naughty conqueror thereupon
wrote the English commander of his
signal victory and sent along with his
message the head of Gordon as a
souvenir of England's bloody defeat
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1914-10-18

many Of the worlds famous paintings
are housed In -g.slerles. among
them a large collection of the re-
markable Meniing pictures. The art
Of sculpture too was pursued at Brus-
sells with great success. especially In
the 18th century. The sculptors
have been particularly happy In re-
producing the 18th century wood
carving In ecclesiastical subjects
large building known as The Palace
Of Beautiful Arts. was erected In 1875
and enlarged in 1881. for the purpose
of housing arts OF many kinds.
Fine Library.
Brussels has a splendid Royal
Library, 100000 volumes OF printed
books, 10000 valuable manuscripts.
some of which are beautifully illus
,rated with miniatures of the old
Flemish school and a collection Of
more than 100000 engravlngs. One
OF the most valuable Of these 10 one
done IN l41S. showing the Virgin and
the angel
There is also a gallery OF modern
paintings connected with the Royal
Library.
The city Is musical and tho Royal
Conservatory has an interesting col
lection Of the various musical instru.
ments from the 18th century down
to the present time. Students from
all over the world study at the Brus-
sells conservatory and when the war
broke out a number of Americans who
were students fled to England.
Palace or Justice. =,
The Palace Of Justice Is one OF the
most imposing buildings OF the city
and was completed in 1888 at the cost
Of about nine million dollars. the
area OF the building is 100000 square
feet. considerably exceeding that OF
ST. Peters, at Rome. The huge mas
sive structure is $50 feet long and
$50 feet wide. The Graeco-R Roman
style has been adhered to with an ad-
mixture OF rocco treatment. ABOVE
the main body Of the building rises
another rectangular structure sur
rounded with columns while the SUM
nit of the whole 10 formed into
dome with q gilded crown at the TOP
400 feet above the pavements.
The structure Itself presents an
srtistic appearance. The central
Meade with three portals IL smbel-
lishet by four massive granite column
with bronze bases. On the top are
four colossal figures representing
music, architecture. sculpture ana
painting. by De Groot.
It - reported that the 0ermanAl
took Brussels without firing . shoti
and that business In the city 10 goingl
ON a. usual. Let US hope the repoStj
IL true for the city has been sorelyI
tried In past centuries and now that
the Belgians have become . nation OIL
no little prominence and have built
up a capital like Brussels with ttss
fine homes. splendid business sectious
and charming bouievards. surely n
deserves to be allowed to 30 IL way
in peace-at least where business a3d
fairs are concerned.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1914-10-18

Queen II especially interested In char
ity and her ministering to the wound
ed soldiers has been one of the bright
spots Of the terrible war which Is
devastating Europe. She remained at
her post in the hospital at Antwerp
until 1t was considered best for her
to 60 to England, where she IL at
present with her children-the guest
OF Lord Curzon--an exile from her
beautiful home In Brussels. which IL
now occupied by German Army on
GERS. Brussels has long been regard
ed as one of the beauty spots Of
Europe and Is often called the little
Paris on account Of its likeness to
the French capital in Its gay outdoor
life. and Its splendid boulevards.
II In an art centre an well and
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1914-10-18
Kitchener's First Battle.

The morning of December 80. 1885.
broke clear and warm. Kitchener de-
cided that he could send no more ac-
ceptable New Years greeting to his
commander-in-chief at home than a
report Of the success Of his new ma
tive cohorts and his supporting col
umns of regulars.
Kitchener led his forces forth to a
beautiful level plain and lined up his
battalions, commanded by skillfui
English colonies. His forces consist
ed of these eighteen battalions, half
Soudanese negroes and Egyptian fell
| lahs; the rest British cavalry and in
fantry with two batteries of Maxim
twelve Founders Kitchener's three bril-
gades took up their positions and
| awaited the enemy, $4,000 strong.
Mahmud. leader OF the dervishes.
| remembering the ease with which he
! quick to accept the battle challenge.
none like me-" said the Khalifa. as he
| gave the order to advance.
| As the whirling dervishes swarmed
| to the battle line. charging with that
| fearless dash for which they are
by the inactivity of the enemy. On
the dervishes came. yet not a shot was
fred 10 greet them. Emboldened BY
! the passive enemy, they assumed that
! the English. dogs of infidels, that
they WERE" were Supplied by the
strength of the opposing force and
were dumbly standing in their tracks
awaiting the slaughter SO sure to fol-
low. Their conjecture was shortlived
however for when the dervishes were
within 1000 yards of the foes battle
line command. spoken In -rasping
voice and in Arabic, rang out. The
order to Fire" at last had been given
and before It's echo died away the
Maxims belched fire and shrapnel.
Meanwhile infantrymen were pouring
/ a rain of forty-five calibre bullets into
/ the dervishes' midst and this first vol
ley brought down hundreds Of the
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1914-10-18

advancing enemy to their knees. Then
followed the order to FIRE by battalions
and before the smoke OF battle cleared
hundreds upon hundreds OF dervishes
lay dead on the field. the survivors
fleeing precipitately for cover
Wins Twenty-four Battles.
Kitchener's first engagement in the
Soudan Melted him a signal victory.
The New Years greeting went forth az
he had expected 1t would. and from
that moment. although many more
battles followed. Kitchener became
the undisputed master of the Soudan
and he continues so TO this day. In
fact there were exactly twenty three
battles that followed the first. In
every one of these the black troops
he. Kitchener. had trained, proved the
most valiant in the line and never a
defeat was registered against them or
their leaders.
The world little knows what this
War Lord of England has really done
for his flag. He has added an EN-
pire to Engiand's vast domains. He
has given his King and Emperor an
African empire that reaches from the
mouth of the Nile to the Cape of Good
Hope, 5000 miles of sea front rolling
swiftly and resistlessiy southwark
ever southwark. Two modern Eu-
ropes easily could be hidden In Its
confines. And again, that long I'M
known country above Khartoum
where the Blue Nile and the White
Nile meet TO make the great river Of
story and song. has been added, thus
increasing the holdings OF his sover-
eign by millions of fertile acres. This
Is the country in which Kitchener
spent his early manhood doing match
less work and adding many laureis to
the wreath that encrcled his brow at
such tender age. Failure Is an I'M
known word to HIM for achievement
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1914-10-18

Albert to prevent the Belgian royal
family from extinction and for sew
eral years the situation gave the Bel
CLANS considerable anxiety. Finally
In 1900 Prince Albert married the
Princess Elizabeth. Of Bavaria. The
birth of son to the couple Z year
later assured succession In the male
line. Two years later another son was
born and few years ago a daughter
came to the family. In 1909 Prince
Albert inherited the throne on the
death OF his Uncle Leopold II. and
Belgium took on a new era.
Studious King Albert
Totally different from his uncle.
King Albert Is OF studious nature
and just before the war his great
hobby WAS wireless teiekraDhv. The
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1914-10-18
Copyright. 1914, by The International
syndicateI
A Brief History of the
Tribulations of the Bel
giant Capital In PASTE Gen.
turtles = Description of
the City To-day.

~HE early records of the Belgian
II capital. which is now in the
hands of the Germans are
- rather mesgre. although II was
mentioned in history as far back as
he tenth century. About that time
Charles. brother OF King Iothaire of
france and grandson of Chariemagne.
who had been raised TO the Duchy OF
lower Lorraine by the Emperor Otho
II OF Germany built castle close
% the Church of St Gerry. and began
reign over that part Of the coun-
ry. His rule, however. was a short
,ne for on attempting to claim the
grench throne after the death Of hts
brother. Charles was captured and
sent to prison at Orleans, where he
lied a short time later. One of his
daughters married Lambert. the Count
II Louvain. and after the departure
u his fatherln-law, this nobleman
appropriated Brussels which explains
Why Louvain and not Brussels was
he first capital of the country. In
hose days when a man became
ruler. he surrounded the city with
wall and Lambert was the first man
20 build wall about Brussels. This
Seven aristocratic families secured tho
privilege Of building castles inside and
each assumed the custody Of the gate
nearest Its abode. In this way there
was protection from the raids OF rob
Der knights.
Prosperous City in Eleventh Century.
In the eleventh century the provi-
sion OF security from robbers encour-
tged manufacture and the weaving
industry soon furnished the Sbasis of
public prosperity-an industry which
It'll affords employment for a large
lumber of persons. About the year
1873 Brussels received its first charter
u enfranchisement which gave the
citizens the right OF choosing sheriffs
Ind Jurors. There was much discus
sion over this great freedom" and in
the midst OF these discussions John l
Of Brabant. came to reign over the
people. This ruler was one of the
really splendid figures Of the feudal
aKes--a poet. knight Grant and
songster ~ we'll a. a wise. considefate
ruler. His court became the resort
\ for Troubadours and he and his sister,
Mary, who later became the Queen of
france. frequently took part in the
2. competitions OF the Minstrels
4 The city was assuming an imposing
appearance by the erection of many
iA1ngs By people who were seeking
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1914-10-18

is his motto. In the years he lived
in the Soudan he mastered every
tongue and dialect there spoken. No
native. no matter from how remote a
part OF that vast domain. ever ap-
preached him but that Kitchener
could fiuently converse with him. His
mastery of these dialects has been the
wonder OF his superiors and subordin-
a,es alike.
Kitchener As He Is.
Lord Kitchener IS a tall. spare man.
standing six -feet-four in his stockings.
his muscles are Of steel and his nerves
ever taur and as stetrdy. Seemingly
he is never tired. and nothing sur
prises him. He Is prepared for all
emergencies He came into English
affairs at the psychological moment.
as far as Soudanese matters are con-
cerned. and none doubts tina, his pres
ent post will receive the "a me bril-
liant handling under his guidance thai
he has given lesser matters
II is a noticeable fact that the ad-
yances of the Kaiser on Paris wer-
almost unchecked until the week be-
ginning September I. one week later
IL was learned that Lord Kitchener
had secretly left England for France.
where he conferred with General
Joffre, chief OF the French Stad. and
General Sir John French. OF the Eng
iish forces.
II is highly significant that the mo-
ment these secret conferences we're
over The Tide OF battle turned In The
Allies favor. and from then on the
Kaiser received series of set backs
that virtually foreshadowed the drlv-
ing of his hosts from French soil.
Kitchener, perhaps. could explain
this sudden change of fortune. but II il
extremely doubtful II he ever Will. for
taciturnity is one of his most notice.
able traits
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1914-10-18
[ ordKitchener, Until Re-
Gently Sirdar of Egypt,
Has WonFresh Laurels
By Handling In a Mas
terly Way the Mobili-
cation Of Britain S Army
and In Speeding Her
Troops To the Front.
BY A. r.. pARKHURsT. JR,

~NGLAND has new idol, He
- lie Familiarity and affectionately
referred 10 as *. Of X" But
~ the more conventional know
him as Lord Horatio Robert Kitch-
ener. or viscount Kitchener. OF Khar-
toum. X. r: G. c. b.; o. NJ: G. c, $.
l.. c. G. NJ G.. @. c.; 1. r. with
heaven only knows how many other
degrees and decorations and titles at
fached That he is the man OF the
hour there is no sainsaying, and better
stiil. that he Is in every way entitled
20 all that has been showered upon
him, his past record amply proves.
When the news was flashed around
the world that Emperor william. Of
Germany was determined TO stand
behind Emperor Francis Joseph. OF
Austria Hungary, following the lat
ser's declaration of war against Ser
via. all knew that France. Russia and
England. and perhaps many other
powers, would be drawn into the Eu-
ropean trouble. The burning question
In England was to ascertain the iden-
sity Of the man best equipped TO take
charge OF the army In the pending
crisis. One meeting OF the cabinet
WdS SuufifNt W PsVNH AnHA she MANY
OF Kitchener stood pre-erflinent above
all others In the United Kingdom. He
was a man who had achieved In the
past and as he was stiii In his prime
and in the full flush Of his splendid
manhood, none other would be con-
sidered as long as there was a pos
sibiiity Of inducing him to accept the
war portfolio.
The Son or A Soldier.
OF course there was no hestancy on
his part. for Kitchener, the son of a
was big enough TO crawl, and orders
are orders no matter what personal
sacrifice ne might have to make to
execute them. when this new and
important honor was thrust upon him
he was on his way to Egypt there
to assume the role of Sirdar and again
take under his control land for
which he had fought and bled when
80 It's territorial ruler he had brought
o-der out of chaos. He returned to
England forthwith and before the
stolid Britons had time to realize that
he was among them he had his mobii-
zation scheme we'll under way, and
troops actually on their way to the
seat OF trouble.
Lord Kitchener, perhaps, has been
more siEnaliy honored by England
than any Of her sons. He has been
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1914-10-18

throne and although twice married
only three sons and one daughter
were born to him. The eldest son
died when he was less than one year
old. The second son. Leopold the
Second. succeeded his father and
reigned nearly forty-five years. In
the meantime the third son died. King
Leopold II married and had one son,
who died in his tenth year. Three
daughters had also blest the union,
but under the Saiic law they could
not inherit. The throne at Leopold's
death then reverted to the Count of
Flanders. who had two sons and two
daughters. The two sons were Bald
win and Albert. Prince Baldwin died
suddenly In 1891 without having mar
riA@- There remained nniv Prince
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1914-10-18

the safety OF n walled city and soon
Brussels numbered Its Inhabitants at
$4,000. Ivan the daughter OF John
III, and her husband Wenceslaus,
who were reigning at that time, de-
cided that the wall must be enlarged,
and 1t required nearly a quarter of a
century to complete the work. The
great wall still pierced by the seven
historic gates existed more or less
down to the time off Waterloo.
Charles V did much for the city
when he improved the water supply
OF the city and established a sort OF
system of sanitation He also built
the fine Cour des Battles, the Court
yard surrounding the present royal
palace.
Then cnme the stormy period OF
Alva and the Spanish Inquisition
when Brussels was the scene OF the
Introductory incidents on June LIST,
1868, Alva caused sixteen Belgian
noblemen to be executed and the next
day several Others shared their fate.
The history OF these frightful scenes,
however. is too well known TO need
repetition here suffice to say that five
years later Requ~scens The new Gov
ernor-General proclaimed the Pope's
Pardon and the King OF SPANS
amnesty to the people of Netherlands
or rather to such as had remained
true to their religion.
Bombardcd In 1895.
Again Brussels iiourlshed for the
weaving industry was at its height
and for time all went WELL but In
1925 Marshal Villeroi appeared on the
heights of Anderlecht with an army
Of 10000 men and began to lombard
the city.
His object was TO compel William
III to abandon the siege of Narnur.
who was on the point OF surrender.
Villeroi carried the day as 1000
houses were destroyed Brussels did
not rise from its ruins until after the
war OF the Spanish Succession. In
1871 the city suffered from fire
which destroyed the beautiful Palace
of the Netherlands. During this fire
many famous Rubens pictures were
lost, and the Archduchess Marie
Christine barely escaped with her life.
Marshal SAKE fired on the city in Feb
ruary. l746. but he aimed moro at the
wall than at the public buildings and
did little damage. After this Brus-
sells was under French rule for three
years.
Then came refractoriness under the
Calling yoke OF the Austrian Gov
ernors, but finally better state of
affairs was introduced by the mild
rule of Maria Theresa and her stad-
tholder, Duke Charles. of Lorraine.
After the French Revolution and the
First Empire Belgium was united In
1915 In one monarchy with Holland
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1914-10-18

ENGLAND has new idol, He
is Familiarity and affectionately
referred TO as *. Of X" But
- the more conventional know
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1914-10-18

~ HE early records OF the Belgian
capital. which is now in the
hands of the Germans are
. rather rneagre. although IL was
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-10-08
WAR MAKES BIG INROADS ON ALL THE
 ENGLISH COLLEGES

Lcndon. October 7.-tMidnight,) English and Scotch universities opened their fall terms today with greatly re- duced attendance. Cambridge univer- sity had only 1900 students as against $500 last year, many of those at the institution last year having joined the army. Other seats of learning have lost students in about the same pro- portion.
 Much comment has arisen over the action of the faculty of Edinburgh uni versity in asking all it's German pro fessors and lecturers to resign.
 The German Rhodes scholars and other German and Austrian students, wiso have been attending English uni versailles in large numbers, all are ab- sent this year, a majority of them be- ing with their armies.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-10-08
AUSTRIANS TRYING
 TO STOP RUSSIANS

London. October S-G:2S a. m.)--"Ac- cording to dispatch received here from Vienna says the Exchange Tele- graphs Rome correspondent, following the occupation of Opatow and Klimitow tkussian Poland) the Austrians today were engaged along the entire Russian front, extending from Opatow and Tar TOW to Neusandeo, in an effort to check the two Russian armies which for the last week. have been advanc- ing from Przemysl on Cracow and whicl already have reached Tarnow and Neusandeo
 ''By checking this advance the Aus trians will relieve Cracow from the danger of siege, as the German army invading Poland from Bendzin Ca short distance northeast of Koenigshutte) al- ready has overcome all danger from the northwest
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-10-08
WIVES OF CABINET OFFICERS WEARING
 COTTON DRESSES

Washington. October 7.--Wives of cabi- ret officers and government officials ap- poared in cotton woven gowns of the latest modes tonight to give added inn petus to the movement for the relief of the cotton situation in the south by practical demonstration of the varied and hitherto little realized possibilities of the great southern staple. The occason was the opening of the National Cotton Style show.
 Among those who showed model gowns were Miss Genevieve Clark. daughter of the speaker; Mrs. Ben Johnson. of Ken lucky; Miss Sallie Williams. daughter of the Mississippi senator; Miss Lucy Burle- son, daughter of the Postmaster General Miss Callie Hoke Smith. daughter of the Georgia senator Miss Margaret Me- Chord, daughter of. the interstate com nerce commissioner, and Miss Agnes Sfackeford. daughter of the representa- tive from Missouri.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-10-08
CAMPBELL ESTATE IN
 HANDS OF EXECUTOR

St. Louis, october IA move to take the s16,ooo.oOo. estate of James Campbell out of the hands of the ex- ecutor named in the Campbell will was made in the circuit court here to- day. when attorneys Tor West Virginia nephews and nieces of MT Campbell, who are contesting the will. asked for the appointment of an administrator.
 Festus J. Wade. president Of the Mercantile Trust company, executor testified that to take the estate out of the chands of the trust company would jeopardize it as it's holdings are com plicated and need the administration of someone familiar with the property in voiyed