The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1914-03-06
THE ORIGIN OF
 LONG ISLAND

Sf Island, written by Myron l.. Fuller, and just issued by the United States GeoIogicaI Survey, will be of interest to a very large number Of persons Tn that thicEly populated region and else- where. Although the mineral resour- sces of the island are not particularly notable, some of, it's. cIays and sands are of economic value Long Island presents numerous peculiar and inter esting geologic features, and many ageologists have studied it, but the ex- stensive investigations of MT. Fuller throw a flood of new light on the geol- oey of the region. He has found that Long Island affords particularly clear evidence as to the history of the great continental ice sheet which GOV cred the Northern States many thous- and years ago.
 The southern margin of this great ice sheet extended to Long Island and remained there for a long time, de- posting a thick body of fntermixed powders, sand, and clay as terminal raaoraine. which is now the ssbackbpnes of the island. The ice moved south ward and brought these materials from the north, dropping them at it's. melting edge. This peculiar method of deposition developed a very specu- liar topography, consisting of an irreg- ular aggregation of hunmocks and hollovvs, which have produced the many beautiful details of conf1guration that make the higher parts of Long Island so attractive to lovers of nature. The most notable of these hollows in the raorainaI ridge is the enes holding the picturesque Lake RonKonkoma, which lies in a depression 50 feet be- low the surrounding ridges. Several other similar pits are Q to S5 feet deep and some of the larger irregular holIows are several miles in length. The report contains extended descrip- tfons of the features of the varied con- feuratfon of the island, with lucid and. interesting explanations Of the origin of many details. Considerable attention is also given to the character and origin of the deep submarine channel of the Hudson, extending far out under the ocean.
 The older rocks of Long Island con- sfst of the granite floor, which comes. to the surface near East River and Hell Gate, and clays and sands of Cre- not only to out crop at places along the north shore but to rise into m rounds of considerable height under the surf1ciaI deposits of portion or the vest-central part of the island
 TIsa geologic history of Long Island is t11e story of a, vast lapse of time, but r.any of it's details are indicated by striking evidence in the relations or a great variety of deposits and diver sity of configuration. The story as
  other portions of the Atlantic coast region, and this phase of the investiga- ton is also treated in MT. Fsuller's re port Glacial deposits, both those constituting noraines and those due to glacial waters are so well exhibited on Long Island that teachers of geology and others interested in the science can find here exceptionally good illus trations in great variety. To provide for this demand a, special table is in cluded giving list of principal points of geologic interest, with brief notes on instructive features.
 The report includes detailed geo. logic map and a topographic map of the entire island on scale of about 2 miles to the inch, together with
 many special maps and other illustra- lions. To facilitate reference to the geologic map, 1t is divided into rect angles designated from west to east by numbers and from north to south by letters, and these references are used in the special table.
 The report on the geology of Long Island is published as Professional Pa per s2 of the United States Geological Survey, and a copy may be obtained free on application to the Director of inc Survey, at Washington, D. c.