davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1914-05-17

which was an image of the sun of pure
gold
The people believed in this re
ligon and they We're pious and peaceful.
They gave part of Their time 10 the
work for the church and part for the
sick and the widows and orphans. They
worked also for the government. and,
last OF all. for themselves and their faml-
lies. They worked well. too. They con-
ouered the land. They irrigated the des-
erts. and today you may see the re-
mains of their aqueducts of stone slabs.
neatly fitted together. which carried the
water over millions of acres They had
one aqueduct that was 500 miles long.
Their irrigatins canals ran not only along
the sides of the mountains. but they
cut tunnels through them and as
rode to CuZco, along the high pla-
teau I saw thousands of acres OF ter
races now gone to ruin and almost des-
ert which these people had made to dos
som like the rose. Such terraces are seen
on the sides of the mountains above al
most every Peruvian valley OF the plateau
and along the west coast They run up
the slopes like so many steps, the earth
being held back by stone walls
The subjects of the Incas were a ma
tion Of shepherds. They had millions OF
alpacas and llamas and they also used
the wool of the vicunas which they trap
ped or shot in the mountains. They were
a nation of potters. They made beaut-
full vessels of clay and they We're also
skilled in the working of copper, silver
and gold I have seen here some OF the
tools which they used in erecting their
buildings. They had u way OF te1nperlns
an alloy of copper and tin that the
a razor and could work the hardest
Of stone Further on in this letter | will
Evening star., 1914-05-17

South America I know for fact that
almost all OF these so-called revolutions
are based upon false stories. Last year
In our tour of the continent, my husoana
and 1 would call on the president IN each
republic, and he would explain the cause
Of the revolution to US.
4
Usually it would turn out 10 be a
slight mutiny among troops when rations
were delayed. That is actually the ex-
PLANTATION we were given, and l know for
a fact that South American republics are
not in continual revolt as reported.
'It Is SO, nevertheless, that the men
OF affairs in these republics must develop
a greater community of spirit This will
make for a more rapid advancement.
They will begin to settle their questions
of policy dispassionately. Industrially.
then, they will march right ahead.
las it is now the countries are rich.
The climate is especially suited to cattle
raising. In Argentina I have seen the
most wonderful bulls. the biggest, health
Evening star., 1914-05-17

covered with the remains of the Inca-.
Much of the rock consists Of mighty
bowlders some as big as n haNstacf.
which the Incas had cut into All sorts of
shapes. One is supposed TO have been
the scene of an open-air court. and Is
known as the Inca throa". The original
granite has been cut in lodges or steps
rising to low table or bed. upon which
the Inca is supposed to have lain upon y
couch of furs or alpaca skins, Win ms
officials sitting cross-legged on each sloe
of him | sat down on the throne and
posed king.
Not far from this place Is what Is
called the concert hall or amusement
ground of these ancient rulers. II con-
sSts of an open air court. covering
acres. which is surrounded by great rocks
out of which seats have been cut on
one side of it is a rocky hill which is
covered with such seats, and under
which is a tunnel which is supposed TO
have communicated with the Temple OF
the SUM- down in Cuzco. perhaps three
miles away. This tunnel has now been
closed up. because the students of tho
Cuzco University recently got lost INSIDE
it while hunting for treasures, and mad
narrow escape with their lives.
Another formation right near the inca
amusement ground Is known the ro-
dadero. This consists of granite blocks
which look as though they had ho~"d
in ridges down the mountain. The rocks
are as smooth as glass, and their SLOPES
are in waves much like those of a roller
coaster They are grooved. and are 50
formed that one can seat himself at Inc
top in one of the grooves and nave 70
bopgan slide of hundreds of feet. rlslils
and falling as he goes down to the bot
tom. 1t is the greatest shoot-the-chuta
exhibition 1 have ever seen, ana IL y
could be lifted from the top of the ANDES
to Coney Island it would surely make the
fortune of the man who owned H.
FRANK G. CARPENTER.
Evening star., 1914-05-17

She Is a Deep Stu
dent of Conditions in
the Countries to the
South of Us Con-
trasts Them With Her
Own Country-South
America Needs Immi-
gration-A Woman of
Great Culture and
Charm.
Evening star., 1914-05-17
TRUTH ABOUT THE GLASS SNAKE

sters and crabs grow new claws wheh
accident or duel depr1ves them OF eness
limbs. or as n stag annually sheos ana
renews his antlerf.
species of lizard commonly known aF
the '.road-r1nner'' from its habit of T1lr,-
ming along In front Of horse or ven z
Gle on the road like pacemakef, ss
take it. This reptile has very short
souatty legs almost invisfble-gfv1nG y
the look Of a saurtan dachshund-and =
very, very long tail, much longer fhan
its body. Add to this that It runs with
a wrtthing motion and II is clear how
il may easily be mistaken for a snake.
It also possesses that weakness OF los
ing its tail and the corresponding aoi!-
ity Of growing a new one
From these peculiarities. say the gov
renment experts, have risen the tales
the glass snake; supposed snake ha7
broken in two before the eyes Of the I'll
server and later has been found ~ pos
session OF tail in its entirety
The observations OF a government x
pert. who verified these facts about ths
snaky-looking lizard are inter"stii's.
While collecting reptiles in the south IL
observed what he thought WaS snak"
crawling along the path Suade e3+! :
king snake. a yoracious eannfaa.' Hdl =. Z
out and seized the supposed snake he,o
what would be his waist. If he ha
waist. As the victim threshed around
Violently in the grasp OF the king snake
the observer saw the fore part suddenly
separate from the part held Dy u
enemy and seek to make of into tn.
grass leaving the rest of him in the
hands, or mouth. of king snake, who.
though astonished at the loss OF haii
his dinner. philosophicany proceeaeo y
hot e
Securing the fore part OF the bisected
reptile with his nets, the expert found i
to be the better half Of a road runnei
After some months in captivity tbs
saurian put forth quite a respectable "a
which, in time. will doubtless equal the
LOST member in size and length.
Evening star., 1914-05-17

ish them. They had Lords prayer which
was somewhat as follows:
20 Conquering and Ever-present Crea-
tor, thou who gavest life and strength
to mankind. saying let this be. a man,
and let this be a woman: thou who
gavest life and who vouchsafest that
man shall live In health and peace. Thou
who dwellest III the heights, IN the
storm clouds and in the thunder, hear
us and have us in Thy keeping. Thou
who art without equal unto the ends OF
the earth grant us eternal life and keep
US free from danger :.
Leaving the Temple of the Sun,
strolled up the narrow street to where the
Virgins of the Sun had their establishment
These young women in addition to their
religious duties are supposed to have
formed kind Of harem for the 1ncas
They lived in enormous structures scat
tered over the empire and some of their
converts are said to have had thousand
inmates The one in Cuzco must have
covered eight acres, and the walls, which
are stiH in existence, run around the
greater part of a square. forming the
foundations OF many homes which are on
the second story OF the structure. Much
OF the first story has been turned into
stores. The granite walls have been cut
away and cave-like vaults made in which
all sorts Of house industry goes on.
saw a saddler. sewing on harness In one
cave IN Ino wall, d PeS6iS
away in a second. and a carpenter saw
ing and planning in third The blocks
of this building are of great size and
they will apparently last for ages.
Other interesting remains were the
walls OF the palaces which formed the
homes of the Incas. Take that Of Pach-
acutec. which stood not far from where
the great cathedral of Cuzco now is. The
street upon which 1t faces is not more
than fifteen feet wide and the original
walls of the palace are still preserved to
the height of the first story. From there
to the second story. the building is CO.
lonial 1t now forms fine residence, oc-
cupied By Tomas Gonzales, one of the
rich men of Cuzco. The Inca walls be-
gin with the street and extend for per
haps three hundred feet. including the
greater part of the block. The stones are
granite blocks. of different sizes. beauti-
fully chiseled, and Joined with unions so
fine that it is impossible to put In knife
blade between them. Some of the stones
have many angles and one great block OF
granite, about four feet square and
weighing several tons has twelve angles
In 1t.
It is said that these blocks were cut
out at the quarries from original pat
Evening star., 1914-05-17

TT

ing tons are fitted together like mosaic.
have seen stones that are solid
blocks twice as high as a man upon
horseback and twelve feet in thickness.
and have examined buildings that are put
together without mortar and fitted more
evenly than We're the tombs of the ESyp-
tian kings found in the pyramids.
But il would take a large book to de
scribe the wonders of the Inca rule and
the many phases Of its civilization. In
this letter | can show you only some OF
the remains as they exist here in the
city of CuZco. This city today has only
about e0.Gao inhabitants II runs up and
down hill at the head of a beautiful val
ley is situated more than two miles
above the sea level in the heart of
the Andes Ii is at the head of the val
ley and standing upon the hills above IT
YOU can look over vast eXpanse OF cul-
tivated fields and of irrigated farms. Inc
town is one of two and three story houses
with walls of bright colors and roofs OF
red tiles. 1t has plazas and gardens
a great market and many comfortable
homes.
Its population is made up of Indians
and whites and a mixture, the offspring
of the two races. 1t is Latin Ameri-
can city, with many Catholic churches
and with civilization much like that oil
Spain some generations ago. 1t Is moth
ing like the. Cuzco of the past, and you
will have to put on the thinking cap OF
your imagination to realize the difference
between the capital of the 1ncas and the
town of today In the first place. the
present Cuzco does not cover one-tenth
OF the area of the ancient Inca city. The
latter contained several hundred thousand
inhabitants. and at the height OF lts
fame it may have been as large as the
city of Washington.
They are still finding ruins of the an
cient buildings far out in the valley, and
the remains of some Of the structures u,
Cuzco upon which buildings now stano
Evening star., 1914-05-17

nif1ed and distinguished bearing. al
though she is of only medium height
She speaks slowly and calmly, with the
precision of a foreigner who has master
ed English Her education was obtained
at hone-ill health forbidding regular at
tendance at school or college. She has a
keen eye, but most kindly. friendly eX-
preston Her hair is white. and she
dresses in soft colors, which accentuate
its loveliness During the interview her
shoulders were draped with a black chf-
Ton scarf. which lent lnsi the correct
SpI4i.r ;ttlna~ ,I-r" to hr. aritrafan
Evening star., 1914-05-17

are of enormous extent. Take the Temple
of the Sun. which 1 visited this afternoon
This covered the whole square now occu-
pied by the church and convent OF Santo
Domingo. The foundation of the church
is the old walls of that temple In
places it extends twenty or thirty feet
from the ground. l was taken through
the buildings by one OF the fathers ana
shown how the great blocks had been laid
by the 1ncas, one upon the other, Iitteu
together SO closely. and that without
mortar or cement. or union OF any ne
scription, that l could not push the point
of {; needle into the cracks. IhiS Tempe
must have covered more than an acre;
The western wall of it was concaVe, anu
the curves are as regular as those OF a
circle A great part of this building was
plated with gold. There was great soiu,
en- plate of oval form which represeii'ee'
the sun, making one think of the silver
mirrors Of the Shnto religion that are
still to he seen in Japan. In the tempe
burnt also the sacred flame that was sup.
posed to never go out. reminding one OF
the fire worshpers of Persia, who do that
to this day This flame was tended by the
virgins of the sun. who had their Vas'
convent not far away When the Span
iards conquered the Incas. they robbed
this temple of its gold. They melted up
the images and vessels used for worship
and tore from the walls the gold plates
From some Of those plates was made the
preserved in the vault of the Cuzco Ca
thedral
There is no doubt about the religious
nature of these people of the high Andes.
The Quichas, who are the descendants
of the subjects Of the Incas, are the
chief churchgoers of Peru. They are
largely the support of the priesthood,
and although in the direst poverty, they
give a large proportion Of what they
make to the support of the church. In
travelling through the country one sees
a little wooden cross rising above the
matched roof of every Indian hut, and
in the services at the cathedral here
there are more Indians than whites.
Mixed with their worship of Christ and
the Madonna, they have still much OF
the ancient ceremonies ana beliefs of the
Incas. They pray facing the sun, and
they cross themselves when they ap-
proach Cuzco, the sacred city OF their
ancestors.
| am told that there were temples OF
the sun at many other places in Peru,
and that in certain centers the virgins
of the sun had their converts. These
people had an idea of a supreme being,
who was represented by the sun. IT was
this being who created the world, and
who in the future would reward or pun
Evening star., 1914-05-17

riage. The native girls are zealously
guarded in that way, but know OF some
cases where a young Spaniard has had a
small quantity of negro blood which made
him yery attractive, and he has proved
rather a formidable rival
Right here comes a little point that
American girls will doubtless find inter
esting. No young woman in the South
American republics is allowed TO receive
man visitors alone. Even after her en-
gasement she receives her tiance In the
presenc. Of her family
Mime. Yaats is Il Woman oI most "S-
Evening star., 1914-05-17

!. | = T IL phrase
from tho Ner-
Chant ui y enice'
that ! came upon
recently at the be-
ginning of a chap
tor In a book
that ] was read :
ing has lodged in
my mind. and |
lind myself think
ing about II when
| am discouraged
Evening star., 1914-05-17

ONE with me this
bright 5 u II d a y
morning and take
a look at the site
of the ancient cap
ital of the Incas.
that wonderful
family of kings
who ruled the most
of western South
America about 600
years ago. Like
the ruling dynas-
Evening star., 1914-05-17

The Mighty Build
ings of Cuzco. Whose
Foundations Still
Stand-The Temple Of
the Sun That Was
Plated With Gold-A
Nation of Fire Wor-
shippers and Their
Lords Prayer The
Convent of the Virgins
in 1914 = A Climb to
Sac-Sahuaman and Its
Wonderful Fortihca-
tions The Palace of
Nance Capac and the
Incas' r hrone A
Nj i g h t Y Shoot-the-
Chute of the Andes.
Copyrighted. 1914 by Frank G.. Carpenter,
Evening star., 1914-05-17

nr disH.artencd" said Mime. Yanes. the
wife OF the assistant director of the Pan
american Union. That phrase Is this:
How far that little candle throws Its
beam Isn't that an inspiration for the
person who sometimes thinks that his
labors are of little avail?
We are all subject 10 discouragements
and dIsappointments. II Is well TO have
some little idea like this in the
mind 10 keep us going on our bad days.
At least this little line OF Shakespeare 5
has appealed TO me particularly in con-
nection with my Pan-American work.
want to do SO much; there Is so much
10 do: and when feel that what am
doing is OF little consequence | whisper
TO myself. Remember the little candle,
Then | want to keep right on
As the sife of the assistant dire tor
of the Pan-American Union Nine Yanes
is the hostess at all of its official func-
tions, the director himself being a bache-
lor She is also. frequently. the hostess
at the state functions of the Venezuelan
legation. where the minister also Is ar
unmarried man. She therefore has he'
finger upon the international pulse O
Washington official society
She is u cultured linguist, speaking
French. English and Spanish fluenuy
and can converse in Italian. She Is trav
eled and we'll read Besides these nee
essary accomplishments to the success:
o. a hostess Of the diplomatic corps, sh'
can lay claim TO that subtle quality. per
sonality.
That III itse.t We are told. viii lend :
woman q .-ttrttinu though sttt b'. tV'T 81
.1iat...gtNt Ana .snu,aHI SIM Mine
Evening star., 1914-05-17

other great empire on earth. they be-
ncved themselves to he descendd from
the gods They thought theF We're the
offspring of the sun and they called them
selves the suns children. They had
tradition as to how they sprang into eN-
istence on one of the islands of Lake
Titicaca and from there marched out
onto the Andean plateau and suhdued
and civilized the then savages. They
came here to Cuzco at the head of a
beautiful valley in the heart Of the Andes,
and established capital. They gradually
conquered the regions about until
their empire extended far beyond
quito in Ecuador. which is GOO
or 7t1 miles south of thu Panama
canal. TO below where the capi-
tai of Chile now stands. They had sub
jects all along the eastern slopes of the
amazon. and the western limits of their
rule were the shores of the mighty Pa
ciitc At the time that Columbus came
to America, or little later. when Pizarro
the brutal Spanish butcher general came
TO Peru and conquered them. they gov
cTned a country as long as the distance
between the Arctic ocean and the shores
of Lake Erie a country which was
larger than all of the United States east
of the Mississippi valley and which. had
il been dropped down in Europe, would
have more than covered Germany and
France. Norway and Sweden. Denmark
and Switzerland. Austria-Hungary and
the Spanish peninsula.
At the time they were overthrown by
the Spaniards. the Incas had divided this
country into provinces. They had vice
rows and subordinate officials and they
had tens of millions of subjects They
had not only subdued the savages, but
had civilized them.
The subjects of the lncas We're
q nation Of farmers. mechanics and arti-
sans They had a religion that rec
ognized the sun as the lord of the world.
and their emperor as his ruler on earth.
They had temples to the sun. some OF
which were plated with gold, and within
Evening star., 1914-05-17

It is said that these blocks were cut
out at the quarries from original pat
terms and designs given by the archi-
Evening star., 1914-05-17

copyrighted. 1914. by Frank C.. Carpenter,
CCZCO. Peru.
The Washington times., 1914-02-09
GOVERNESS BALKS
At DIGGING WORMS
Not Part of Work, Says English
Woman, and Judge UphoIdS
Her Contention.

LONDON, Feb. 9.-Governesses IN
England seem to be required TO do al
most everything from sewing on but
tons TO guiding small charges through
the mazes of primary French, but the
dry records Of the courts revealed a
governess this week who objected 10
doing at least one duty imposed by her
empIoyers-diggIng up earthworms for
the deIectatiOu OF the s.X-year-old boy.
This Independent governess, Miss Ger
trUde Maconwell, sued DR.. SedgwiCk, of
Kingston. for SIZE (Which, by the way,
was what she received for a month s
services). Mss Maconwen said that
Mrs. Sedgwick believed her boy showed
indications of being a naturalist, and it
Was essential that he should have some
body who could lead him in that diTec-
ton. lie always showed a preference
for butterflies and beetles, and ] could
tell hTm about those, but ] don't think
IL was part of my duty as a nursery
governess to dig up worms and put the
sQuirming things on a hook
The judge thought the plaintiff was
right about earthworTns and awarded
her the sum she asked for.
The Washington times., 1914-02-09
DOWNWARD TREND
OF STOCKS CHECKED
Opening Is Strong and Advances
Are General, But Rock Island
Breaks Again.

NEW YORK, Feb. 9.-The stock
market had a decidedly strong open
ing today and the general trend dur
ing the morning was upward. The
opening strength carried with II the
weak Rock Island issues, but on a
later break Of these to new low levels
there were some recessions. The cop
per producers statement at 1880
showing a decrease of 4.142.1S2
pounds in stocks was followed by a
sharp advance in AmalGamated Cop
per. The other copper stocks also
were strong. Copper advanced to
77h. There was good buying in Ten
nessee Copper on a rumor of an in
crease in the dividend at the April
meeting. London bought Steel ana
the stock advanced about a point.
Union Pacific and Reading also gain
ed about a point each
After the opening advance IN the
Rock Island isses the common broke to
a Few low, 81 the preferred went down
to 115So, and the bonds touched %58.
New York Central was only temporarily
then slumped to S911. Lehigh Valley also
went OFF point. Norfolk and Western,
Western Maryland, 500 Line. and South
ern Railway preferred were soft.
Mexican Petroleum continued to ad-
vanced, going up TO 1874. Texas OIL
advanced nearly 2 points, but receded,
holding gain OF about u.
has declared the regular dividend Of 5
rer Celit and per cent extra
Action upon the dividends is expected
to be taken at a meeting Of the direc-
tors of the Canadian Pacific Railway
this afternoon in Montreal.
The Washington times., 1914-02-09
Wholesale Produce Market

EGGs-(ouotations furnished by Golden &
Co. NEARBY. fresh. 2Sd3oc per doz; south
ern, Sg29c per doz.
CHEESE-(ouotations furnished by Golden
4 Co.)-New York. new. 1sc per To-; nat
l9c per ID
BCTTER-CQUotations furnished by Golden
Co.)-Elgin print. 30hC per lb; tub, 29jac
per ID; process. 25d26c per lb
LIVE PoULTRY-CQuo;ations furnished by
Krey. Price & Co.)-Hens, I6G1Ic per IL /:
rOostcrs, 10c per lb; turkeys 2Gd &c per ID. /;
spring chickens, 2o6z2c per ID; ducks, I5al6c
DREssEp PoULTRY-(ouotations BY KE.v
Price Co.)-Turkeys, 26&c per Ib.: .hick
ems ls922c per lb.; hens. 17a1sc psr ii, ::
ducks 10000 per lb.; geese, 15dl6c DER ID :
Dressed Pork-ChOce light, lie per II !.
medium, Ice per lb.; stays anSr so%s, Tgec
GREEN FRUITs-Couotatr, n, furnished ~,
Taylor Wade)-California Oranges "a Dora "a
per box: lemons, 81 30 per- box; Florida crane
fruit. S.I9a4o per s6x; apples, a. 5O1 s 90
per bbl.; $3.50 per crsne
VEGErABLES-(G,f G,fiot ations furnIshed bv
Taylor Made)-Pr .stoes, g. 2Jd250 per LbI':
onions, Ts1as. or bh.: s.. so: cabbage, 81 coz
30 per hhl; lettuce. 81 ooG2.50 per basket:
heets, y20.fe.5o pcr 100 punches; yams
y yoqS. 70; celery. JOg75c per doz: squash
2VvnZ;zc per bol. kale. per bbl., 75c(ptI. 90
LIVE STOCR-(Quotations furnished by
hrey Price & Co.)-VeaI calves, choice liSc
per Clb.; medium. 10Qi1c per Ib; sheen
tilfsc per h.: lambs rae per h.
Receipts OF poultry very light and market
strong and active at full quotations on ali
desirable goods