davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-03-21

suppose, but, on the contrary many
sidewalks put down in the customary
way have been successfully built by
placing them on compact earth sur
face. The farmer can lay slabs on
a natural base where the soil Is at
all suitable. This plan means that he
can make Just as few or as many
slabs as he has time to make, once
he has procured the raw materials.
He could soon fill half-dozen three
foot molds, and thus have eighteen
feet of walk in the forms, which could
be ref1lled the moment the first lot
was removed, or at any convenient
time. In brief, he would be making
SO much concrete lumber, which could
be distributed quickly and easily; in
fact, in less time than would be re-
quired to put down q well-made board
walk.
In making his walks the farmer
need not confine the dimensions of
the slab to those given above If he
prefers longer and wider slab 1t can
easily be made.
Concrete walks of this character
would not only las 'or all time, but
could be conveniently changed to
other locations or extended without
the necessity of digging and filling
foundation, erecting side forms or
cutting joints. Like the concrete
road, which has become verltable
boon to every farming community for
tunate enough to be In touch with
one, the slab walk could of itself ac-
cumulate neither mud nor dust would
grow stronger with age and exposure
and contribute immensely to the COM
fort and convenience of its users.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-03-21

One of the most important tasks
for the man who has a farm, whether
1t is big or little, lies in the selection
of good dairy cows. Even If but one
cow is kept 1t Is important that that
one be profitable and not star
boarder" The farmers of today, with
the prices of foodstuffs going sky
ward, cannot afford to keep any ami
mails that do not pay their way. Good
dairy cows are becoming more Valu-
able all the time. The essential
selection follow:
l. CONSTITUTIONAL order that a COW
may perform, efficiently, her work of
production and reproduction for a
long period of time she must have a
strong constitution, and the follow
ing characteristics indicate this first
essential point in a dairy COW: Large,
mild, bright, expressive eyes, good
width of forehead, broad muzzle with
large mouth and nostrils, prominent
windpipe, strong jaw, deep heart
girth, good width between front legs,
full crops and breast and horns that
are rather thick at the base and tap
ering at the ends.
Most of these points are, more or
less, closely associated to the vital
organs, namely, the heart and lungs,
which must be well developed with
plenty of room in which to operate
properly, if an animal is to have con-
stitutional vigor.
2. Capacity-There are q few cows
of consistent high production, but
what are amply provided with storage
room for consuming immense quanti-
ties of feed and water. The large
producer is almost always the most
profitable producer, and must, there
fore, be provided with a large ca
pacity, which Is indicated by the fol-
lowing points: Great length from
withers to hip bone, large barrel. full
crops, well-sprung ribs that are broad,
deep and wide apart.
When judging the capacity of a
COW, it is important to notice the
efficiency of her digestive organs by
studying her handling qualities, see
whether her hide is soft, pliable. of
medium thickness and covered with a
soft, silky coat of hair which indi-
Gates that the organs of digestion are
in q perfect working order
3. Nervous Temperament When
speaking of cow having a good ner-
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-03-21

feet wide and 4 or inches deep.
Then make concrete composed of
one part Portland cement, two parts
clean sand and four parts gravel or
crushed stone, the stone not larger
than three-quarter inch To make
the concrete, first thoroughly mix the
cement and sand in the dry state and
then add water. The stone should
also be wet, and the whole mass
mixed together until of mushy con-
sistency, a consistency that would be
called sloppy" Dump the concrete
into the boxes to the depth of an inch
or more, puddle and work it, and then
on top of this first layer of concrete
place common chicken wire cut to the
size of the box. Then fill the box
with concrete, and just before the
latter had taken it's final set the sur
face may be broomed with a circular
sweeping motion to give a texture
that will prevent people from slip
ping. The concrete may be removed
from the forms, or boxes in four or
five days and protected from sun,
wind and freezing, as the case may
he, and thereafter sprinkled for about
a week. The result win be a fine slab
of indestructable, artificial stone.
Modern sidewalk does not always
include a drained sub-base, as many
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-03-21

vous or dairy temperament, it isn't
meant that she ought to be excitable,
fretful and hard to manage. On the
contrary, she should show a DISPOSE
ton to work under almost any con-
dition. The COW that is busy eating
or chewing her cud most of the time,
and at the same time is using a
minimum amount of the feed eaten
for maintaining her own life proc
esses, is usually a profitable COW,
having the following points OF confor-
nation.
A clean, dished face: neat throat;
long, slender neck, that Is thin and
smoothly joined to the shoulders;
Withers sharp; backbone prominent;
no fleshiness on the shoulders, neck
withers, back, loin, rump and thighs;
eyes that are large, bright, mi d, ex
pressive and general actions and
movements indicating more or less
alertness and freedom from slug
gishness. Cows that are recognized
as good workers generally have most
of these characteristics.
4. Blood Circulation-A COW may
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-03-21

A veteran breeder of White Ply
mouth Rocks, one of the most popu-
lar breeds of poultry we have today,
has this to say about them:
The beginner is asking which is tho
best fowl, what breed has the staying
qualities, which has the most merit?
1t is not within my province to say
which is the best, but will say this,
that the White Plymouth Rock has
as much merit as any breed.
The White Plymouth Rock has
stood the test of time, has been in the
hands of worthy breeders who have
been true to their trust and are hand
ing to the present generation a much
better bird than they received. In
the evolution through which this
breed has passed 1t has improved
both from the fancier's and utility
breeders standpoint, and as a result
we have fowl that carries merit in
its every characteristic.
First, they are a beautiful bird.
That which attracts the eye has
much to recommend them. l know
OF no other breed or variety that is
so beautiful to look at, symmetrical
and well-proportioned in every out
line, and when bred right have that
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-03-21

have. a strong constitution and a
large capacity, but if her blood does
not circulate through the right por-
lions of her anatomy she would be
worthless as a dairy COW. The udder
is the part of a cows anatomy where
milk is manufactured, consequently,
we like to see a maximum amount of
blood passing through this organ. A
good dairy COW should have most of
her blood circulating through the
lower part of her anatomy, and the
way to ascertain this knowledge of a
COW is TO study the udder. milk veins
and milk wells.
A large, well-plaeed udder, hung
high behind, and wei forward, fiat on
the bottom or floor, well veined, ac-
companied with large, tortuous milk
veins that are long, having one or
more large wells, indicates whether
or not the COW Is distributing food
nutriments in the right part of the
body.
5. Ability-It is possible for COW
to have all the essential points men
toned so far, and yet, if she lacks
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-03-21

ability. she would be an absolute
failure as a profitable milk producer
Since the udder is the milk plant of
the cows conformation, we logically
study this organ to learn of the abil-
ity she possesses to transform food
SUITS into dairy products.
If the udder is large, shapely, show
ing that it has copious blood sup
ply, that il is free from fieshy ten
denotes, that it collapses into soft
pliable folds resembling a folded
glove, when the milk has been drawn,
and that all the quarters are free
from scars, that they all milk down
equally we'll, we have reason TO be-
EeVe that such a COW has ability to
transform farm crops into finished
product with great economy. This
inherent tendency Of dairy COWS, to
produce milk persistently. is a thing
dairy men have been striving to es-
tablsh over a thousand years and,
as "a result. we have the Jersey Hol-
stein, Guernsey and Ayrshire breeds
of dairy cattle which reflect credit up
en- the ingenuity of man.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-03-21

from the chicken house, mixed with
the ashes, make a good fertilizer?
Would 1t be improved to add air
slaked lime? T. S. d.
Millburn.
Coal ashes are not Objectionable in
garden or around fruit trees, as
they contain a small amount of pot
ash and phosphorus, but are more
to Tighten the soil. There is not
where the soil is heavy the ashes eX
ert a chemical and physical effect on
the soil so as to make ii lighter and
easier to work. On this account they
are considered beneficial
Chicken manure makes a most eX-
cellent fertilizer and could be mixed
with the ashes or spread directly on
the soil Chicken manure Is very
rich and must be used sparingly, as
q very thin dressing of it over the
soil adds a great deal of fertility,
and too much chicken manure will
burn the roots Of plants and cause
more injury than good
1t would be a better plan to gather
the chicken manure Independent of
the ashes, as better idea could then
be had as to quantity supplied to the
soil. Coal ashes may be used freely
applying almost any quantity in rea-
son, while a small shovel of chicken
manure scattered over an area six
feet square is ample. Where coal
ashes are used, II would hardly be
necessary to use air-slaked lime, as
the effect Is about the same.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-03-21
WHO'S WHO IN POULTRY
NO. 1.-THE WHITE PLYMOUTH ROCK.

linen whiteness so desirable 10 .
marked degree
The first and ali-important reason
for breeding the domestic fowl Is
eggs. The white Plymouth Rock.
while not what we call an egg breed,
are splendid layers, just the same:
In all national egg-laying contests,
past and present, they have stood
we'll to the front. In the Missouri
contest last year we all know of the
wonderful record made by a White
Rock hen, making highest score in
the contest.
The average poultryman, however,
is not SO much interested in indi~
-idual records as he is Ia good avs
age yield from his entire flock.
l believe that the average flock OF
White Rock, housed and fed right,
will average, as a flock, better than
$50 eggs a year. For flock, tn s at
the present time Is about as much
as one can expect from any breed.
even those known as egg breeds.
White Plymouth Rocks are known as
good winter layers, point in their
favor that should not be overlooked,
for q dozen eggs in December or
January are worta two dozen il, hprit
or May.
AS the pot is eventually the end OF
all chickens, this Is where the White
Rocks shine, for there is no breed
or variety that excels the White
Plymouth Rock when dressed for
market--a plump, large, rather long
carcass, with a yellow skin showing
no unsightly pin featbers-tempting
the most exacting epicure.
One of the obstacles we used TO
find in breeding White Rocks was
brassiness, but l am glad to say that
has been almost entirely eliminated In
the properly mated flocks, so that a
large percentage of the Whites ara
snow white and remain SO under
nearly ell conditions.
Many people who buy White Rock
eggs for the first time very much
disappointed when the chicks hatch
and they feel that the seller has sure
ly swindled them, as there Will be
chicks from a blush shade to whito
or creamy white, and they immediate-
ly condemn the White Rock breeder,
while if they will only be patient ana
watch developments II will be found
that in many cases their whitest and
best birds are those same BLUSH grey
chicks that had the appearances OF
scrubs.
For the city fancier or those who
wish only to supply their own table
be found ideal, as they are quiet and
easily confined in yards and will
adapt themselves to any climate
where the domestic fowl can be sue
cessfully handled On the other hand
If given their liberty they are good
foragers and busy from early morn
ing until dark, and the writer has
often noticed them remaining out
until they would have hard work to
find their way to the roosts.
For the party who wishes to spe-
cialize in capons, White Rocks make
grand 10 to 12-pound soft roasters at
six months of age, putting on flesh
very rapidly and of the finest tex
ture.
One feature I consider very import
ant is the fact that they are less
inclined TO become broody, but when
becoming so can very easily be
broken of the habit. and are soon
laying those large brown or tinted
eggs again. Another point worthy OF
consideration is the absence of dark
pinfeathers when the carcass is pre-
pared for market or home consump-
ton.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-03-21

/ wish to secure data relative to the
construction of q greenhouse, 10x3J
feet, for private use. 1T need not be
elaborate-just plain. but good. Would
you suggest doubling the glass on the
sides and leaving an air space be-
tween? Would you suggest benches
four feet wide and two-foot aisle
in the centre as convenient, and are
reinforced concrete benches practical?
How does metal construction compare
with wood as to cost and wear?
Morristown. W. r.
We find the size of your green
house, l0X30 feet Is one not advo-
Gated nowadays by greenhouse build
ers and users. A greenhouse eleven
feet in width has been found more
convenient, and allows for a better
layout. We do not suggest doubling
the glass ON the sides and leaving an
air space between, because there
would be no advantage in this for
the amateur. Greenhouse people be-
lieVe that a bench three feet six
inches. and an aisle three feet wide.
would be better than benches -four
feet wide with q tWo-fOOt aisle. BC-
inforced concrete benches are entirely
practical. Metal construction costs APP
proXimately 20 per cent. more than
wood. but ii outWears IL three to one;
In fact, it is not known just how long
an iron-frame greenhouse viii last.
Some have been in successful use
from thirty-tive 10 forty years. One
advantage Of the iron frame is that
it gives more light 10 the plant and
takes up less room than the wooden
frame.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-03-21

chosen for the single stains are
more than usually effective, a silver
gray being used for the walls and
dark pink for the roof. The selec-
ton of pink for the roof gives a light
effect to the whole that is very pleas
ing
The general layout of the floors
needs no explanation, with the plans
available for reference. The brick
fireplace in the liying-room is one Of
the features of the house that makes
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-03-21

is directly from the porch into the
living-room. The stairs to the Sec
ond floor also lead from the living
room.
The arrangement OF the second
floor provides for three comfortable
rooms and the bath. The trim In all
the rooms Of the second floor is paint
ed white, and the walls and ceilings
are papered. The arrangement of
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-03-21

for coziness. The chimney is Of
field-stone.
The trim in both the living room
and the dining is stained black,
and this gives a quaint and not, as
might be supposed, sombre effect.
The walls and ceilings in both rooms
are done in a golden-brown paper.
the same paper being used for both
walls and. ceilings The picture-
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-03-21

the windows of the rooms on the sec
ond floor gives a quaint touch. and
breaks what would otherwise be a
straight and severe roof-lne. The
closets for the rooms on this floor are
large and handily placed.
The trim throughout Is Of North
Carolina pine. and tho floors are of
the same material There is a laup-
dry in the cellar. hot-air heay
system, a hot and cold-water SUI
and electric Zig fting.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-03-21

A very attractive cottage bungalow,
admirably adapted for the country.
that was recently built in Northern
New Jersey for $4,000, is illustrated
herewith. This cottage-bungalow is
of two stories, with a cellar and an
unfinished attic. The outer cover
ing is of shingles and the roof is of
the same material. The colors
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-03-21
slclly Seeding Petunias.

I have tried to start my Seeding
petunias In an old hot bed, but the
Seeding grow poorly and the foliage
becomes a sickly yellow. Can you
suggest way for me to overcome
this trouble? Z. A.
Orange.
The hotbed soil is Undoubtedly too
rich for starting petunia seeds. You
should start them in a fiat containing
good garden soil, consisting of friabIe,
mellow, sandy loan. and then trans
plant the seedlings to a slightly en-
riched soil making sure not to shock
them during transplanting. Aim
rather to keep them growing in a
moderate and Well-aerated heat.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-03-21

Take a look around the lawn and
see what repairs 1t will be needing
and get out your lawn tools for a
thorough overhauling, so you may
plan for others you may wish to-
order.
II you mulched your lawn last
autumn remove this mulch the first
day the frost leaves the ground,
otherwise the roots under It will take
an unnatural start, which will re-
ceive n severe setback by later frosts.
Examine your porch vines and tie
them up with new fastenings where
needed.
Look over your garden paths and
walks and plan their betterment.
Flagstone and fiat stepping stones
can be employed usefully for these.
See the article about concrete slabs
elsewhere on this page.
Nitrate of soda, as well as common
salt will help the growth of your
rhubarb and asparagus If put on the
beds in March.
You may prune your Hydrangeas,
Dogwood and Elders now, and If you
have forgotten to prune your grape
vines it is better to do it now than
not at all. Hybrid perpetual roses
may be pruned back to one or two
feet as soon as frost leaves the
ground.
Bv April it will be well to un-
cover your bulb beds and also your
hardy borders.
Put boxes and barrels around your
rhubarb plants after the snow mas
gone, and put manure over them. At
night they should have a top cover
ing.
Soy inside under cover Bachelor
Buttons. Calendula, Drumu.ond Phlox,
French Marigolds. double Petunias,
Iantana, Cannas, Coleas, Heliotrope
flor budding out), Ostrich Plume
Chrysanthemums and ChaubA I'D car
nations Cfor October and later hover
ing). Ard STA (for bloom next spring,
and berry fruit the Christmas after,
Dahlias Ito flower this season.,
among other flowers.
Lllv-of-the-valley pips should be
started right away IN time for easter
bloom. Your snowdrops, scillas, Gro
CHS. ncDa t1cdS, 11dkilOIldS anu f1NSlsii
daisies should be blooming this month.
Bring forth the rest Of your bulbs
from the cellar.
Magnolias of all varieties, hybrid
rhododendrous and mountain laurel
should he set out only in the spring,
and then as soon as the ground may
he worked.
Orchard trees may be transplanted
as soon as the ground will work up
to a fine and mellow soil They should
never be put into a sticky, mortar-like
soil. Deciduous trees and shrubs may
be set out.
Remember that all your spraying |
should be furnished by the middle of |
April,
Sow lettuce and globe artichokes in |
cold frames and hotbeds; beets, car.
rots onions, tomatoes, eggplant ana |
peppers in fats; also thin out those |
already up which you started earlier.
Set all the broody hens that come
along this month.
II the season is q very early one
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-03-21
Picture and plans Of the $4,000 bungalow.

Picture and plans of the $4,000 bungalow
molding is gilt There is plate
rail In the dining
There are no doors between the liv-
ing and dining rooms. From the
latter a small bay window abuts on
the porch. The porch itself, it will
be noted. is level with the ground.
The material used for it's construc-
ton is cement,
The pillars are of stucco, rough-fin-
ished, and make an effective appear
anee. There is no hall. aud entrance
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-03-21

When planning your extensions for
the year, build your roosting coops
for your young stock on the colony
laying house plan. Select a type of
colony house that pleases you, then
add to your plant each season as
many of these colony houses, or units,
as YOU need.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-03-21

Following a hard winter, this is the
month of poor matches from stock
that has been fed upon wet mashes
and partially smothered all winter in
glass houses. Such stock needs a
few weeks exercise in the open air to
get thoroughly alive again.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-03-21

Healthy chickens live unless abused.
Healthy hens lay eggs that, If not
abused, hatch healthy chickens. Abuse
may come in two forms-ueglect or
over-attention, trying to keep your
birds too warm in winter, feeding inn
proper feeds, etc. You may be keep
ing your chicks too warm, not run
ming your incubator properly
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-03-21
ASK THE QUESTION Box
What You Want Know About Gardening Poultry and COun
try Problems Answered by Experts.


and to
to
descb and a
ewark,N N. j..
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-03-21

Cockerels of the American varie-
ties, March matched, caponlzed, sell
at good prices for roasting chickens
during August and early September.
This month is usually the years
lowest point for nrices on eggs.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-03-21

Fork asparagus beds lightly, first
spreading well-rotted manure or bone
meal on the ground.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-03-21

planting parsley seed soak IT in warm
water for day, as it is very slow 10
terminate.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-03-21
To Make Grating Wax.

Please give me recipe for making
grating wax.
Summit j. b.
1t is easier TO buy graft ng wax.
and the seedsmen handle just as good
"a variety as can be made al home.
TO make melt together. by weight.
four parts of resin, two parts OF
beeswaX, one part Of tallow. When
melted, pour into cold water. and pun
the wax, with creased hands, until
IL is nearly white.
Books on Mushroom Culture.
Please tell me some practical book
or article on mushroom culture for
profit. MRS. M. A. J.
Newark
The best book on growing mush-