davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-02-01

study. and to the American Society of
Mechanical Engineers, through the efforts
of some of its distinguished members, be-
longs the credit of having accomplished
much I'm proclaiming this new gospel Of
efficiency.
But the study of the works of Leonardo,
said Mr.. Lieb, had proved TO him that
the great Italian was certainly the proph-
ct, if not the Messiah. of this supposedly
new gospel of efficiency, and he proceeded
to the proof
That Leonardo did not neglect the
smallest details may be seen from the
following statement, translated literally
from his notes, referring 10 the eXcava-
ton of canals and trenches: THE eXca-
waited earth cab be discharged at great
er distance by giving the shovel slight
push. This push can be obtained by bal
ancing the shovel slightly backward and
then throwing it forward in the direction
of the discharge
Thus it will be seem said Mr.. Lieb.
that Leonardo studied the actual mo-
tons that the workmen went through
when handling the shovels and remedied
their defects
The grasp of Leonardo's mind was 50
nearly superhuman. said Mr. Lieb. that
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-02-01

he never, in anything he effected, salts
fed himself or realized his own vast
conceptions. But the manuscript notes
and designs left behind him give us the
best idea Of the interchangeable industry OF
this myriad minded man and the almost
incredible extent of his requirements.
Think of the jump it is from the paint
ing called THE Defeat Of the Milanese
General. Niccolo Piccinino. by the Flor
entine Army. in 144O.' described as so
wonderfully executed that the horses
themselves seemed animated by the same
fury as their riders" to the invention Of
a reverberatory furnace for melting
bronze. a smelling furnace, screw-cut-
ting machine. a triple tap for thread
ing nuts by progressive stages and an
automatic gold beating hammer.
As the hammer travels along the cam
shaft a partial worm segment releases II
periodically. At the limit of travel a
counterweight returns the carriage, and a
fresh surface of the ingot is exposed 70
the hammer.
He devised a drop press for stamping
rings and disks from metal bands. link
chains for power transmission purposes
and. a variable speed friction drill. The
small disk on the spindle of the latter
has a vertical motion across the face OF
the large driving disk.
He made an automatic feed power saw.
The water wheel drives the saw by
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-02-01
IN THE REALM OF ANATOMY AND
PHYSIOLOGY.

In no department of human KnosF
edge" says Mr. Lleb. did Leontcs
achieve more wonderful results and
veal himself as a keenor and more coa's
geous investigator than in the calm
anatomy and physiology. His noteo'n
are full OF sketches Of the human t1s
and every part thereof; no bone. NUS
nerve or vein escaped his dissecung knH
and every organ of the body was made"
reveal itself. and he places them all
fore us in lucid and clear sketches
The information about Leonardo th''
Mr.. Lieb has acquired through senc
OF years OF research work would m','
than an a five-foot shelf OF books.
makes no difference TO Mr. LEO "ne'ne
one desires data bearing on Leonardo
sculptor. astronomer. chemist. sood :"
low or student of bird light
Which brings us TO most interests
held-a very new EeId-in which Lecns'e
did wonderful work. and in which ne '~
stopped short of attaining practical
suits. owing 10 the lack OF that impo''As'
guide to the solution OF our many PRIV
lens of to-day and which have made ~
sible the automobile. the dying mach'1
and the speed boat-ths internal eon''~
ton motor. a.
In his designs" said Mr. Lleb' we ~.
worked out in some detail, particuisfp
TO the wings and mechanisms for ops'-
ing. for balancing. for flying mSen'.
with two and with four wings. ope's
by one or more persons, with ans 80
the propellng power. the spring '"0' w.
using the arms and legs, or DOM 80.
the operator lying prone or sisno'i's "a.
tically. We also find interesting sN'' s.y.
Tor "A screw nying machine inc a a..
e,e,,e,r.~ and "A sketch. with descriH'''
tails, for parachute. Al.
His most remarkable rodeN Oh wv "A
ing of birds is fun OF the accurate
! careful observations and reseaF'"e' "a
the nying OF birds OF various sPe'i's -,
of books with many studies on INC "a
tanning power OF air. and the psf' "a
the adjustment OF their winss 'a" ,s,ux
feathers takes In the operations Oh
Continued on seventh pss~
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-02-01

~ NE OF the most interesting even
ings ever enjoyed by the members
~ Of the American Society of Me
thanical Engineers in this city occurred
recently when John w. Lieb. jr, vice
pres ident Of the New York Edison Com
pany delivered an address tending to
prove that Leonardo da Nincis r,ghtful
place In the pantheon Of the worlds great
,st men is not that Of q great PAINTER.
but Of greater engineer.
The speaker made bold to claim for
Leonardo da Ninci immortal glory as the
special representative the patron saint
as it were. Of Mr. Lieb's own profession
rs the greatest engineer that ever lived
And rot even excepting Edison. Mr. iieb
= OF the opinion that Leonardo was tho
greatest inventor the world has ever seen
Leonardo's pioneer work i'm the field OF
nviction alone would. he added. cntitle him
10 the highest place as an engineer, for
The science, skill and ingenuity displayed
in his cndeayCr to solve one OF the Grea;
problems IF The ages, the machine fieh.
even though he achieved 10 practical re
suits.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-02-01

knew as much about how to invent varI-
Gus types Of catapults. which were OPP
Grated by springs set with cranks and
screws, as he did about the muscles OF
the leg anatomy OF the throat. veins CT
the neck. and that it WAS az easy for
him TO invent means to test the tensile
strength Of wire as 10 build hitherto
unknown sort OF. flying bridge for cross
inG a moat
He invented an instrument Tor making
templates for burning glass; a sound
pedometer; an automatic drum; finder
box and flint for firing artillery; tOngs.
which give a good idea of the power
hooks Of various kinds combined screw
and crank operatedl. and lamp with
water globe. These things MI. Lien
placed in the department Of mechanics.
In the field of military engineering, III
addition to the catapults referred 10
above. one Of which would shoot eight
shots at once. Leonardo invented a gun
for discharge Of arrows. various types Of
cannon, a Gating gun uhirty-two guns
shooting eleven at n time. a rotary gun,
a method for the discharge OF mortars.
a new type OF fortress. drawbrdges, and
also a removable pontoon bridge.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-02-01
WHAT THE LACK OF SALARY
DID TO ONE MAN.

Strangely enough the attainment OF
this point Of view began in Mr.. Appel
when ne applied for raise in his salary
and did not get it He has told Of this
early tragedy i'm a light hearted manner,
influenced perhaps by the thought that
several large increases I'm pay came to
him later on But at the time II was a
serious matter TO him. and he has classed
il with several other Of his early misad-
ventures that had an influence upon his
future
II was learning" he says. Yes was
learning too fast
reason.
II had been in the store six months.
Ny salary had been raised once.
Then my old enemy swollen head
caught me again.
II asked for raise in salary. \ big
raise. | asked to have my salary doubled
My reasoning was this was doing
more than twice as much work and doing
IL twice as well as when ] came; surely
| should be paid twice as much salary.
IL forgot that / hadn't earned my sal
AIRY when ! came to the store: didn't
earn IL for months afterward.
81 had sent my demand-yes IL was
demand-for a doubled salary in r note
to the head Of the business.
when ] reached my office the next
morning reply was on my desk
81 wondered a little at the quickness OF
the reply. Ny note could not have
reached its destination before that very
morning. and here. before I was at work.
was a reply.
There was a subtle warning i'm that
speed. | felt it before | opened the en-
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-02-01
A LITTLE MENTAL EXERCISE BE-
FORE BREAKFAST.

Apparently he did these things before
breakfast, because as a civil engineer he
drew diagrams and wrote articles on the
best system OF digging trenches, devised
method OF raising poles Gift middle,
block butt i'm hole and wedge it,, in
vented flexible ladders for building pur-
poses. a saw for cutting marble. a stone
hosting gear. pile driver with auto
matte release OF hammer a triple lock
to he used on canal and an eXcavatins
machine by which a canal bed was dug
with two derricks. which lifted the earth
and deposited it on either side. The mast
was supported from both banks and the
booms were extended to carry buckets.
No, beloved. these activities did not cut
into much of our hero's morning. He
was just as good on water as on land.
and as interesting in the air as in both
other places combined.
We have time, after hearing Mr.. Lieb
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-02-01

right here. he says. is the falling point
Of hundreds of business men and women
The way to attain this somewhat ao-
stract quality. he continues. is, OF course
first of all for every new employee to learn
the details of his work. but while he is
doing it he should keep his eyes and his
ears open, remembering the good. elm
mating the bad and trying to find out
the large lines of thought that govern
the smaller actions and to some extent
the personalities of all that are working
with him. BY SO doing he Will i'm time
frame a course Of action that accords in
his own mind with his idea OF how the
owner of the store would act If i'm his
place. And when he has done this he
has made good progress, for he becomes,
TO some deeree, the owner OF the store
himself, with no further room for the
many petty annOyances that must never
cease to plague apprentices.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-02-01

THE life history of prominent ad-
vertising man has just been given
l. TO the public in book entitled
"My own Story" written by Joseph H.
Appel, who, in comparatively brief
space of time, has become director Of
publicity for the Wanamaker storts.
A few years ago Mr.. Appel was en-
gagged in newspaper work. He wrote to
Mr.. Wanamaker suggesting that the
Wanamaker advertising could be inn
proved. and that he was the man to i'm
prove II. And Mr. Wanamaker was so
impressed with the ideas that we're set
forth in this communication that he en-
ployed Mr.. Appel
Although the course of the future ad-
vertising director was not so rapid al
first as he could have wished, after
year or two, when he was in accord with
the spirit OF the store in which he found
himself and had learned concentration
and cooperation with its policies his ad-
vance in his profession was unusual The
book has followed as matter Of course.
And being Of size convenient FOR the
pocket. as well as being filled with les
sons from Mr.. Appels own career, IL
will doubtless persuade many other bright
young men To go into big stores and To
do likewise.
one of the chief elements necessary for
success i'm the advertising field, says Mr..
Appel. is entering into the Spirit of Big
Business. Here ii is that frequent
cause OF failure is found For an en-
rlOye should feel almost instantly on en-
tering great Organization that there is
a certain. definite Spirit" present which
pervades IL as a whole. 1t may he called
the Personality or the individuality Of
the particular industry. but. under what
ever name II is known, it's Importance
should he recognized All large and dis
tinctive institutions have il, although its
presence is not equally manifest in diff
fereut stores and cOrpOra tionS
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-02-01
INVENTOR OF STEPLADDER AND
WHEELBARROW

The man who gave 10 the world one OF
- greatest paintings THE Lords Sup
her" invented and was the first TO utilize
those most useful pieces OF machinery
known as the stepladder and wheelbar-
row. The man who gave Mona I.isa"
70 the world invented. among hundreds
of other mechanical movements. a ma
chine for boring wooden water pipes.
I'VE do not know to-day how many Of
Leonardo da Vinci's sketches and draw
ings were actually his original designs
OF Inventions said Mr. 1Aeb 1t would
appear TO US. however. after brief study
OF the manuscripts from an engineering
standpoint. that so many of the sketches
contain detailed calculations OF weight
power required etc, and so many others
contain practical hints which are really
shop instructions for construction and op-
Grafton. that they could only have been
obtained as the result Of practical expert
ment with his own apparatus under
actual working conditions.
lie improved the chemists furnace. ia
cilitating condensation by surrounding the
condenser with continually renewed
stream OF cold water. And of interest to
workers in the domain Of electricity were
few references 10 the magnet which
Mr. Lieb quoted as being found in Leo
nardo's notes
Try if the hot iron will attract iron
filings" wrote Leonardo. Again. How
the lines OF the lodestone and those OF
the iron pass through the wall. but that
which is lighter is drawn by the heavier.
And this somewhat poetic reference: DO
the peasants not see every day that ser
pent called Lsmia attract TO Itself the
nightingale. ms the lodestone attracts the
iron by its fixed stare. which with a de-
spairing song goes 10 Its death.
lie also made most interesting study
OF city plasning. including a layout OF a
town with "a double system OF hieh-level
and low-level rosdways, and details Of
the plan OF model town. I'm connection
with this he left an interesting note: Let
the street be as wide as the average
height OF the houses.
lie was truly restless mortal
The pictures showed that Leonardo
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-02-01
THE REACTION OF EMPlOYE
UPON EMPLOYER.

This spirit. Mr.. Appel believes. is moth
ing more or less than the business spirit
OF the man that founded the store or the
corporation. modified by that of the en-
tire mass OF partners and employees who
are the business family.
THE individuality OF MIR. Wsnamaker."
he writes. acts upon the individuality
OF each Of his associates. and the indi-
vidualty Of each OF his associates reacts
on him. the result is composite lndi-
viduality which becomes the Spirit OF
the Wanamaker business"
This must be allowed 10 flow freely
through the employe II the highest power
and efficiency are 10 he attained, and
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-02-01
Leo,zoy-aS AxlIe1Leoz a GaEAysy 9sSx-
80 Gs-1r ~5AoozxtzS Hoz-o ZESse-.

In fascinating fashion Mr.. LieD
touched on the many sides of Leonardo's
character, the interest of the audience,
half Of which were women. being cumula-
tive in respect to his supremacy in the
great fields of engineering.
great deal has been said and written
during the last few years on the subject
OF scientific management and on motion
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-02-01
SIMPLICITY A CHARACTERISTIC
OF HIS WRITINGS.

Leonardos style as writer secures TIE
maximum of clearness and concisenes
lie cast aside entirely the involved 70
dundurt and pedantic forms ii eWs-
sion affected by his contemporaries
sample of his ability TO express himsa
follows.
Strive to preserve your health, and
this YOU will the better succeed In pro-
portion as you keep clear of the phys
clans, for their drugs are a kind OF a.
chemy concerning which there are no
fewer books than there are medicines
Every man desires TO acquire wealth N
order that he may give it TO the doctors
the destroyers of life; therefore, they
ought to be rich"
Again: Although human ingenuity
makes a variety OF inventions answering
bv different means 10 the same end,
will never devise an investigation more
beautiful. more simple or more direct
than does nature, because in her inyen'
tons nothing is lacking and nothing .
superhuous.
Here is passage Of particular interes
10 engineers. as they are specifically mea'
toned:
ITO accomplish miracles. To have less
than quieter men who desire to become
rich in d day and live a long time In greAI
poverty, as happens and will always hap.
pen to the alchemists. searchers Tor god
and silver; and TO the engineers. who en-
deavor to have dead water create energy
by means of perpetual motion; and
those most foolish dabbers in magic and
the black art"
Mr.. Lieb pointed out that this vas ons
of the earliest applications 10 be found
the use of the term engineer IN .
broader sense than "one skilled in tfs
construction and use OF military engine
and implements Of war"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-02-01
THE MANIFOLD VARIETY OF ONE
SHEET OF NOTES.

He was keen searCher after the caus
and reasons for The things he saw around
him His interest wandered from one sub
jcct to another, covering the whole realm
OF nature. on one sheet Of his notes will
be found. in utter confusion Of arrange
ment. an architectural design. sketch
Of human face or figure. an aphorism
or philosophical thought. an anatomical
Cbsorv alton Il sketch Of leaf or plant
and a study of geomctrc figures or me-
chanlcal diagram-all intermiXed and hav-
ing 10 relation whatever to one another,
either as matter of observation or in the
scheme of nature.
on the evening referred 10 beautiful
pictures were thrown on the screen, illus
trating the marvellous work of the great
Est mathematician and most ingenious
mechanic of his time Mr.. Lieb showed
Leonardo to have anticipated. by the force
81 his own intellect, some of the greatest
discoveries made since his death, in 1919
The discoveries which made Calico.
I[eplcr. Caste!l and other names illustri-
Ous-the system of Copernicus-the very
theories OF recent biologists, were an
iicipated by Leonardo not perhaps IN the
most precise language or based on the
most conclusive reasoning. but so as 10
strike us with something like the awe OF
preternatural knowledge.
II seems almost incomprehensible that
endowed as painter. sculptor. architect
musician. philosopher, geologist botanist.
astronomer. anatomist, physicist. chem
ist, mathematician. geographer and finally
according TO Mr.. Lieb. in the greatest de-
gree of all as engineer. the fame of
Leonardo should now rest on the works
he has left as painter.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-02-01
5 : ss s szs ss z=sz@ 40 s ss ~

merely TO glance at Leonardo in the char
acter OF hydraulic engineer. lie devised
number Of water lifts. one OF Mr..
Lieb's pictures showed a diver equipped
with da Vinci air pump. He produced
a beam pump-a hand suction affair with
double acting valves. Turbine wheels.
method OF measuring water and sys-
tenn of locks were among his other inno-
Vations.
There was no reference made by MT.
Lieb to the probable hour that Leonardo
retired. His greatest engineering feats
are TO follow:
The speaker sketched the early life OF
Leonardo who was born in li52. AS
Young man ne became interested III
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-02-01

music. in drawing and in making relieis.
His development as an artist kept pace
with the increase of his knowledge as a
mechanician and natural
ist and this. said Mr.. Lieb. has made
it difficult for posterity to decide in which
department he was greater-art or SCI
ence. cor" added Mr.. Lieb, let us say
boldly. whether as engineer or as artist
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-02-01

crank and connecting rod. 4 ratchet and
pawl advance the carriage. lie conceived
of a process for grinding mirrors VITA
three revolving motions. The large grind.
Ing wheel is turned by a crank connected
with small planetary gear carrying The
work, and driven from an internally Gu,
gear.
Mr. Lieb showed pictures OF l<onardos
hand power crane. w.ndlassss VITA
ratchets; ropemakers wheel. for spinning
and twisting together OF ropes. cloh
shearing machine: buli's-eye lantern. and
printing presses with automatic feed. Tor
printing from wood cuts. By lifting the
upper plate the press table opens for ne
removal Of the printed sheet. a reverse
turn Of screw pulls the table under tbs
plate again.
\ needle pointing machine came next
The sim OF the large horizontal wheel 10
lead. coated with emery. TO form the
needle point The wheel is raised or loE.
cred by a lever under its step bearing.
The needles are held between rollers and
an endless belt passing o:er the rollers
and arc pressed against the grinding
wheel by a spring.
4 picture OF the automobile which Leo.
nardo invented-just 20 anticipate Pans
and Detrolt-Was shown on the screen
Mr. Lieb said it was real power car
Everything about il was practical eVcep.
that there was no gaso.ene 10 maze Il 90
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-02-01

"If Mr. -- is not satisfied with his
salary Mr.. - desires him to feel per
fectly free in seeking position else
where. lie wishes to stand I'm the way OF
no ones Advancement
Each word cut like a knife | was
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-02-01
RATES DA WINCH HIGHER AS ENGINEER THAN AS PAlNlF1

LeoszoS-oyo |
ola Azcz, |
Pkx,sLer o. |
"ZHe Last :
Syr,11eI-:SaI9
AHHAAy,WLleb.
&,Ece
NXAGJoSz GO
70 Ape Seen
the Greatest
&s1i7ee'
SS,zoZ
-ZJzDcH 20
TIE H2,-[ak
Les AJc~
ASee1i
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-12-29
4 NATION IN READINESS.

Militarism in the European sense is out OF all
question for the United States. 1t is against the
genius of the country. It is opposed by every in
stinct of the people. The immigrants who land on
these shores and all opposed to 1t, for they
know by experience what European mitarism is.
But nation in providing insurance for its
safety does not need initiate the ornaments OF the
great powers of Europe. 1t is enough that 1t has a
navy adequate for the defense of its frontiers
and an army, drawn from the people, sufficient to CO.
operate with the navy if the country should be at
tackled.
Switzerland is quoted model in her military
system There the soldier is the citizen and the ct
the soldier. The standing army consists of few
thousand drill sergeans BY this system Switzerland
avoids the expense of regular establishment, keeps
soldiers civil life for all the employments of the
nation and has them constant readiness to respond
to the country's call
The militia Of the United States has never had
decent chance to show what It Is. For many
years Congress has been parsimonous and Indifferent
and the States have done comparatively little The
organized militia is small in number and not more
than one-half is efficient.
1t is in the development of the nations militia
strength approved military lines that we can OBJ
tain all the trained soldiers the country needs with
out any approach to militarism. And the militia
force organized must be national.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-12-29
OUR MULTI.BILLIoNAIRE HARvEsTs.

Very close to five billions of dollars is the sum
which the American farmer will have received for
what classed the principal crops when this
years account Is made up The Federal estimate of
$685. 900 the value at the farm comprises
about dozen of the products of the soil. but the
figure, enormous it s, brings revelation of
the agricultural resources of the country, for last
year we may remember that 1t s2o.645, 900
Our 2,672, 804 900 bushels of corn this year were
worth s1,7O2,59 900: our s91,s17OoO bushels of
wheat s878,680 900, and LA, 060,o00 bushels
OF oats s49S 431 000 But if we add what known,
comparatively speaking, minor crops, and animals
and their products have the magnificent total of
about nine and three-quarters billions of dollars
result of the efforts OF American husbsndry In
twelVemonth.