davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-05-29
Judge Advocate of District Before Industrial Rela-
 tiOns Committee
DECLARES MINERS
 ARE TREATED FAIR
Attempts Made to Show Witness Favors Mining nterests-Judge Lindsey Gives Opposite
 Testimony

] New York May 2s.-The federal troops could now be withdrawn from Colorado
 without danger according to testimony
 given today by Maj. Edward J. Boughton, | judge advocate of the Colorado military district, before the federal commission
 on industrial relations in session here. Major Boughton said he had been sent by Governor Ammons and by his own commanding officer eff the Colorado Ma tional Guard to enlighten public opinion. which has been infiamed by press re- I ports He was chairman of the military commission appointed by Governor Am
 mons to investigate the conduct of the National Guard at Ludlow.
 The witness said it was his opinion that the mine owners had yielded to the strikers in every demand except the rec ognition of the union; that the mine
 workers had received fair treatment at
 the hands of their employers.
 Major Boughton admitted that since he
 had been in New York he had been in conference at 26 Broadway, Standard oil | headquarters, and that he had not seen any representative of the mine workers ] in this city. Attempts were made by A. I B. Garretson of the commission to show l that the major favored the mining inter- ests and had not concerned himself suffi- ciently with the other elements in the dispute.
 ExOnerates Guard The witness, in giving narrative of
 the Ludlow incident. in some cases ex- onerated the National Guard. and in others. such as the setting fire to tents and the treatment of one of the Greek strike leaders, affirmed that the actions of the militia were inexcusable.
 1t is true, is it?" aueried MT. Gar retson. that public opinion in Colorado has looked upon the national guard as a body thoroughly in sympathy with the mine owners?
 Ion in Coiofador sfIswered Major Boughton, and it has been the chief cause of this whole calamity"
 Major Boughton refused to be drawn into an argument over the merits of the cause of the mine workers or to criticize the findings of other investi gators.
 Was it not felt by the people of Colorado that your Investigating com mission was appointed with the pur- pose of covering up some of the ac- tions during the striker he was asked.
 No he said.
 Mrs. j. Borden Hartman. one of the members of the commission. asked him if he thought peaceful conditions would ever be possible while the only repre- -~~~~~-~~~~~~~~~~
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-05-29
(,oxev Defeated

Ea GoIuqsbtk O., May es.scott " llkins of Lima hAs defeated "Genera1' Jacob s' Corey of Massiilon for the noualnation ok the nociallst party for goyersior. Re- iaSs of ohio nlads public Msts today ihow
 WfIkinn the Winners {.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-05-29
Hold Rates Discriminatory

Washington, May 2s. The interstate commerce commission today held that the rates on news print paper in carloads from Sault Ste. Marie to Ohio, Pennsyl- vania and Michigan destinations are dis criminatory.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-05-29
LANGLEY'S FOLLY" IS HANDICAPPED BY
 AVIATOR CURT|SS
Attempt Places Inventor in the Hall of Fame With Pioneer AviatOrs-Plan
 Was Practical

Elmra. N. r.. May 2S.-The theory of Dr. Samuel Pierrepoint Langley. who proclaimed to the world that he had solved the problem of the air several years before the upper clements had been successfully navigated by a heavierthan- alr-machine was vIndicated at Ham, mondsport today when Glenn Curtiss. the aviator, went aloft in .Langley's folly. .
 The crude flying machine. which fell into the Potomac river when Dr. Langley, It's inventor attempted to fly in 1t and which later was consigned to the smith sonan institution at Washington. had every requisite for flight. and remained in the air long enough to demonstrate the practical mind of it's maker. who had been ridicnled by his incrednlous con temporaries. The old relic was wheeled from it's hangar early today, the pilot immediately climbed into the seat and was away. under much the same condi- tions as would prevail in q flight of the latest model aeroplane The flight was a short one
 Combines Basic Principles
 The Langley machine but little resem- bles the trim and powerful flyers of to- day, but in it's crude state 1t combines the basic principles of aviation. and after many years of neglect the "old junk came into it's own, giving It's inventor his deserved place among the recognized DiOneers of ayia tiou.
 But for an untimey accident. and what was termed the "miseriness of the gov ernment," Langley undoubtedly would have won fame during his lifetime. In- stead, he died a broken hearted man. after devotiDg 20 years of his life to the study of aviation Years later others received the fame and credit of which lie should have had share.
 Langley made the fatal error of try ing to catapult the flyer Into the air with the aid of pondarous springs, but lie only succeeded in wrecking the machine. Had he tried the method pursued today of running the machine along the ground and allowing it to rise gradually in the air, there is little doubt he would hayev made. the first flight in a heavier-than- air machine.
 Few Changes Made
 The, antiquated machine was sent to Hammondsport about two months ago., Scarcely change was made in its parts. The surface of the wings, which had suf-. fered from long storage, were replaced. Other minor parts repaired were dupli- oates of the originals. The machine was driven today by the old motor built by Charles Manly.
 pr. Langley was the secretary of the Smithsonian institution. He was. satis- fled of the possibility of flight in heavier than-air machines and spent years in working on the problem. Tn 1896. he flew a steam-driven model a distance of about a mile over the Potomac river.
The Leavenworth echo. [volume] (Leavenworth, Wash.) 1904-current, 1914-08-07
Condors In Chile,

The majestic condor is, air men ex-
cluded, the largest flying creature in
the world. Swift and extraordinarily
strong of wing, 1t figures In the Chilean
national arms as symbol of strength.
The following is one Of the native de-
vices for killing it.:
The hunter, having covered himself
with the skin of a newly slain OK,
would lie on his back on the ground,
while his companion would hide him
self not far away. Down would swoop
the condor to feast upon the carcass,
but directly the claws touched the
body they were seized from within
the oxskin by strong gloved hands that
held the bird a prisoner. Then the
partner would break cover and STAY
the captive with what Chaucer would
have called "a verde smerck" from
ub.-"Chile-Its Land and People"
The Leavenworth echo. [volume] (Leavenworth, Wash.) 1904-current, 1914-08-07

The use Of local papers Of his home
town by the merchant in advertising
his goods, is one Of the subjects that
will be featured at the business session
of the Northwest Merchants Associa-
ton which meets in Seattle during the
week of August II to %. The Seat
tie Sales Managers Association, which
has charge OF the entertainment and
program plans, believes that the retail
merchant can increase his business to a
great extent by the judicious use Of
his home paper. This topic, covering
the advertising problems Of retail merch-
ants, will be discussed by advertising
experts who have carried on many sue
cessful campaigns in the press Of the
state.
The Leavenworth echo. [volume] (Leavenworth, Wash.) 1904-current, 1914-08-07
SOURCE OF SHELLAc.
Insects Producing It Are Victims OF
Their Own Industry.

Insects Producing It Are Victims of
Their Own Industry.
Scale insects Of the group coccidae
are responsible for one of India's most
interesting exports, lac, the export
value of which amounts to nearly 3d.
100000 annually. Lac is the resinous
emulation of the insect. The insects
live upon the twigs of certain trees,
and soon become covered with resi-
nous secretion that increases in thick
ness, protecting the body and the eggs.
When colony, consisting of few
adult females and one or two males.
| find their way to a new branch, they
attach themselves to the bark, and,
having pierced it with holes through
which they draw up the resinous juices
upon which they feed, they become
fixed or glued by the superfuous excre-
| ton, and after time die, the females
| forming by their dead bodies little
domes or tents over the myriads of
minute eggs which they have laid. In
short time the eggs burst into life,
and the young, which are very minute,
swarm over the twig in such countless
numbers as to give 1t the appearance
of being covered with blood red dust.
Generation after generation dwells
upon the same twig until it is envel-
oped in coating Of the resinous exu-
dalton often half an inch thick.
In the beginning the insect was much
collected for the dye 1t contains. Later
when the use Of the resin became
known the demand for the dye began
to diminish, until now 1t has been al
most completely displaced by coal tar
colors. After separating the resin from
the coloring matter the former consti-
tutes the shellac Of commerce.-Argo-
naut
The Leavenworth echo. [volume] (Leavenworth, Wash.) 1904-current, 1914-08-07

Having fixed minimum wages for
girls and women in four industries,
the Industrial Welfare Commission Of
Washing is preparing to call within
the next few days conferences of en-
ployers and employees in the two re-
naming classes into which industrial
employing women have been divided.
These two are hotels and restaurants
Ia single class) and Offices. Secre-
tary Francis K. Headlee OF the COM
mission has compiled a tabulation,
sbased~ on reports -ct EMPLOYEES, OF the
hours, wages and conditions OF work
Of women employees Of hotels and res
taurants at the present time. These
figures will not be given out until sub
mitted TO the conference.
The Leavenworth echo. [volume] (Leavenworth, Wash.) 1904-current, 1914-08-07
Causes for Dust Explosions

Professors Macadam, Weber, Cassels,
Peck, Peckham, Tobin and others have
carefully investigated the causes for
dust explosions and the result of their
investigations apply equally as well to
separator explosions.
Any combustible substance such as
wood, coal, vegetables, grain, starch,
dust or smut are under certain condi-
tons subject to explosion.
The difference between combustion
and explosion is at the rate which the
combustible material is consumed. An
explosion is rapid combustion, it is
practically instantaneous, while com
bustion may vary anywhere from slow
burning fire to one less rapid than the
conditions necessary for an explosion.
Smut balls contain on the average
three million little spores, 1850 Of
which laid side by side will cover a
distance Of one inch in length, Each
one of these spores is then one twelve
hundred-and-fiftieth of an inch. Owing
to their small diameters smut spores
offer very large surfaces, which due to
their resistance, float in the air so that
in confined place as the separator,
The Leavenworth echo. [volume] (Leavenworth, Wash.) 1904-current, 1914-08-07
Some Unusually Fine ApriCOts

Charles w. Ellinger, whose place is
Just across the river from town, brought
to this office one day the past week a
sample OF some three dozen apricots
of the Moorpark variety that have been
placed on exhibition in the window Of
the Leavenworth Mercantile Co., that
for size and quality we wager can not
be beat in this or any other country.
They are the product of three year old
trees which he says are loaded with all
the trees can carry.
The Leavenworth echo. [volume] (Leavenworth, Wash.) 1904-current, 1914-08-07

Seattle, in an interview few days ago,
in commenting on the rapid rise in the
price of wheat when war was declared.
With wheat conditions ideal, Mr..
Fisher says that Washington alone will
raise 100000 bushels. He saws
Liverpool will regulate the price Of
Washington wheat, to which port
large part of export will 60. Even
now many vessels are engaged to carry
Washington wheat to that port.
The Leavenworth echo. [volume] (Leavenworth, Wash.) 1904-current, 1914-08-07
OYSTER SHELLS.
Once Little Valued, They Are Now =
Boon to Oyster Growers.


Boon to Oyster Growers.
Ten years ago any stranger could
spot the shore location of an oyster
fishery by means Of the mammoth
piles of oyster shells. These were
heaped up ON the shore In great stacks
sometimes from thirty to forty feet In
height These shells were considered
Of little value. In many places they
were actually given away and they
were used to be crushed up and spread
over road beds and they were also
burned in order to get the lime from
them.
Today these piles have disappeared
and If you wanted ton or so of them
you would have to pay a pretty good
price, simply because the owners want
to dump them back into the sea.
There used to be a great deal of
difficulty in preparing oyster beds for
breeding purposes. Then 1t was dis
covered that the best possible breed
ing place for the embryo oysters was
on the smooth inside surface of the
adult oyster shells, and so every year
the shells from the shucked oysters are
taken out and scattered over the beds.
The baby oysters attach themselves
to these surfaces and thrive nightly.
There are experts today who know
nothing of fishing for oysters or mar
keting them, but who devote all their
time to the preparation of artificial
oyster beds This has become rec
ognized part of the industry. After the
shells have been properly spread over
the bottom of the water the spawn
Is liberated upon them and they are
left to fight their own battles with the
crabs, periwnkles, starfish and other
enemies-Boston Herald.
The Leavenworth echo. [volume] (Leavenworth, Wash.) 1904-current, 1914-08-07

The Leavenworth members OF Cas-
cade Chapter o. E. S. take this op-
portunity to express their appreciation
for the hearty cooperation of the Pc
'shastin members for their generous
hospitality and their efforts to raise
funds for the new Masonic temple last
Friday evening. We also wish to
thank those who g giIlipgy aaAires&y~
gave the use of their automobiles for
the trip.
The Leavenworth echo. [volume] (Leavenworth, Wash.) 1904-current, 1914-08-07

they will be distributed almost equally
distance apart. The diffusion of these
spores give the appearance of dense
smoke and this is frequently the case
as can be seen from the spout of the
threshing machine. The danger OF
explosion is when these smut spores
are so heavily diffused in the separator
that the surfaces Of the spores come in
contact with each other together with
the proper conditions for explosion.
These smut spores are organic in
nature and are combustibe. One Of
the main reasons why these spores do
not burn more frequently is due to the
fact that the moisture in the grain,
straw and spores, together with the
moisture in the air are sufficient to
keep them from burning or the sparks
from the cylinders do not take place at
the right moment. 1t is usually the
moisture, however, that keeps the smut
spores or other dust from burning.
And even when the spores do burn it
does not follow that there will be an
explosion because tn moisture of smut
spores and air or oxygen must be in
proper proportion and then only will an
explosion take place when a spark from
the cylinder ignites the particles Of
smut, oxygen and smut practically in
stantenous.
Water then is opposed to explosions
and the quantity present is what modi-
fes the rapidity with which combustion
takes place. A hot day requires more
water to saturate the atmosphere than
cold day, consequently the atmos-
phere of hot days tends to be low in
moisture or humidity as we call it and
these are also the most days to thresh
smutted grain or grain with smut.
Any kind Of infamable material I'M
der certain conditions will explode.
The conditions necessary to cause the
explosion are moisture-free or dry
material such as smut which when thor
oughly diffused through the low humid
air in a confined place such as the
separator and sparks from the cylinders
Of the separator.
The remedy is to dampen the wheat
with water before putting the same
into the separator or injecting the ex-
haust steam from the engine into that
part of the thresher where the cylinders
are located.
A small amount OF water will not
materially tougher the chaff or iniure
the wheat There is some danger of
injecting too much steam thereby max
ing it more difficult to thoroughly thresh
the wheat or it may slightly damage
the wheat. If steam is used and it
appears to be the better method of the
two, it should be we'll distributed and
injected perpendicularly towards the
axis of the cylinders. Where gasoline
engines are used for power the only
solution is to slightly dampen the
wheat.
In conclusion it must be remembered
that the atmospheric conditions in the
separator must be moist, otherwise there
will always be danger of an explosion
where smut is found present with the
wheat.
The Leavenworth echo. [volume] (Leavenworth, Wash.) 1904-current, 1914-08-07

Trousers were not introduced into
England without struggled strug-
gle in which the great Duke of Wei
lington suffered his only defeat, for it
is on record that in 1914 Wellington
was refused admission to Almack's
because he wore trousers instead of
breeches and silk stockings" Next
year trousers were admitted to Al
mack's and Wellington won Waterloo.
London Taller.
The Leavenworth echo. [volume] (Leavenworth, Wash.) 1904-current, 1914-08-07

Eastern Washington wheat will n
undoubtedly demand a high price in
Oriental and -ugroSesp usSkSs il the
impending war between Austria and
Servia should last for any length Of
time" said o. D. Fisher, manager Of
the Fisher FIGURING Mills Co., Of
The Leavenworth echo. [volume] (Leavenworth, Wash.) 1904-current, 1914-08-07
Disapproval.

"Growcher doesn't look very cheer
full. But you must give him credit foe
one thing. He doesn't quarrel"
"Humph" exclaimed the excitable
man. Hes so I'll natured that no one
wants to get well enough acquainted
even to quarrel with him."-Spokane
Spokesman Review.
The Leavenworth echo. [volume] (Leavenworth, Wash.) 1904-current, 1914-08-07
Congregational Church

Regular services next Sabbath morn
ing at the Congregational church.
Preaching at Dryden at o'clock in
Mr.. Sherman's hall.
Union temperance meeting in the
M. E. church in the evening. All are
invited. Rev. Davis, Pastor.
The Leavenworth echo. [volume] (Leavenworth, Wash.) 1904-current, 1914-08-07

For Sale-The Hotel Anderson,
cheap for cash if taken at once. Par
ties leaving town. 81
The Leavenworth echo. [volume] (Leavenworth, Wash.) 1904-current, 1914-08-07
Ambiguous.

Mrs. Exe-How does your cook take
1t when you go into the kitchen and
tell her how to do things? Mrs Wye
oh, she doesn't mind.-Boston Tran
script> .. ..--....-..~~ 49,
The Leavenworth echo. [volume] (Leavenworth, Wash.) 1904-current, 1914-08-07
Church Services
Methodist Church

1000 a. m.-Bible school.
11:OO-"What Shall We Preach?"
500 p. m.-Temperance.
Welcome. Rev. Snowden.
The Rev. DR.. Geo. Hull, of Spo-
kane, will speak on temperance. The
public is urged to be present.
The Leavenworth echo. [volume] (Leavenworth, Wash.) 1904-current, 1914-08-07
Japanese Gardeners.

Artist gardeners in Japan earn large
salaries. They are required to twist
and direct young trees and vines until
they assume the shapes Of various
animals.
The Leavenworth echo. [volume] (Leavenworth, Wash.) 1904-current, 1914-08-07

Miss Lulu Heron Of Corning, Cal
ifornia, stopped off here this week and
spent several days with Mrs. Robert
Smith OF whom she is an old friend.
The Leavenworth echo. [volume] (Leavenworth, Wash.) 1904-current, 1914-08-07
Historical Sayings.

Teacher What were Webster's last
words? Pupil - | don't remember
ma'am. but they all began with e.
Philadelphia Ledger.
The Leavenworth echo. [volume] (Leavenworth, Wash.) 1904-current, 1914-08-07

Have you anything to sell or trade 2
An Echo ad will do the the work,
The Leavenworth echo. [volume] (Leavenworth, Wash.) 1904-current, 1914-08-07
Lutheran Church

Sunday school o:45.
English preaching 10:45.
Rev. F. E. Stems, Pastor.
The Leavenworth echo. [volume] (Leavenworth, Wash.) 1904-current, 1914-08-07

Get Butter Wrappers at Echo office.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1914-08-07
ONE LITTLE SPREE COST
p O. CLERK HIS SPOUSE

for a divorce from him today in
Judge Easterday's court.
= Judge yesterday hesitated
about granting the divorce. Law
yers had arranged the entire mat
ter, however, even to agreeing
to $35 per month alimony for
Mrs. Carbone, so the court fin
ally consented to a decree. warn
ing the young couple against be-
ing hasty in anger OF quarrels
should they ever marry again.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1914-08-07
Oh. Alex. @. Bell

DIR. ALIEN. GRAHAM BELL.
WASHINGTON, ID. c., July z.
That il is possible to fly across
the Atlantic in 13 hours is the
statement of DR.. Alexander Ora
ham Bell, inventor of the tele-
phone and former head of the Ma
tional Geographical society.
1T is less than 1000 miles
from Newfoundland to Ireland.
BY ascending two miles, present
machines should be able to per-
init their drivers to breakfast on
this side and dine abroad" he
says.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1914-08-07

Thomas Carboue, a clerk at
the Tacoma postofr1ce, went
home one night five weeks ago
in a slightly intoxicated condi-
ton, engaged IN a quarrel with
his wife, and suddenly found
himself out ON the front porch
with the door locked on him.
Mrs. Esthe Josephine Carbone.
with her pretty little two-year-
old daughter by her side. applied
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1914-08-07
BEAN YIELDS
To CITY NOW

Manager Louis Fl. Bean was
closeted with Mayor Fawcett this
morning, after being summoned
by the mayor, and at the con-
clusion of the interview Fawcett
announced that he had gained
further promises regarding the
street car situation.
Bean promised to run Sixth
avenue cars to Pacific avenue at
Jefferson junction, and will run
the South Tacoma morning and
evening "tripper" cars all the
way to South Tacoma instead of
to seth and NJ streets.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1914-08-07
HE SEES RAINBOW
AFTER NIGHT STORM

OGEMA, Can, Aug. &c. A.
King confirms the story printed
recently regarding a rainbow
seen at midnight by E. G. Means
and family of Beloit, Kas. King
writes that he and several other
men saw a distinct rainbow in the
sky, following a shower at mid
night, the same date that the
Kansan claims to have observed
one.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1914-08-07
Missionary Here

Rev. J. NJ. Foster, ID. d., who
has been a missionary in China
for the past eight years, led the
services at the annual convention
of the Young Peoples Baptist
Union at Burton last evening.
taking for his subject, Present
Conditions in China"
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1914-08-07
TOUCH LUCK
FOR SAMMY

Mayor FaWcett today began a
crusade against the little yellow
boxes placed about the city by %
morning publication for the dis
tribution OF it's papers. Num-
bers of persons had complained
to the mayor that they had put
their pennies in the boxes, and
found that there was no paper
inside.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1914-08-07
N. P. Heads In
Cnnference Here

President J. ". Hannaford Of
the Northern Pacific railroad met
with Vice President Slade and
other local officers yesterday aft
ernoon ~ the n. p. effIee build
ing and discussed operation work
Tor the next six months
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1914-08-07
TERRIBLE!

A. V. Fawcett. almost ran over
Commissioner Owen Woods as
the latter was alighting from a
Point car at 9TH and st. Helens
avenue this morning.
THAT young rascal came with
in four inches of me and even
knocked my hat off, he was so
close" said Woods.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1914-08-07

way, who lost her appeal to the
governor and supreme court, las
filed a motion in the superior
court for a stay Of PROCEEDINGS
until her lawyers can prepare
further legal obstacles
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1914-08-07

James Novak, proprietor of the
Empire Dye Works. reported
70 the police today that his shop
had been burglsrized and guam
tity of clothing stolen