davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1914-08-07
use of power with which Great Britai
is at war.
Absolute Contraband.


Great Britain names the following
articles as absolute contraband:
Arms of all kinds, including arms for
sporting purposes and their distinctive
component parts
Projectiles, charges and cartridges of
all kinds and their distinctive component
parts.
Powder and explosives specially pre-
pared for use in war.
Gun mountings timber boxes. limbers,
military wagons, field forgeS and their
distinctive component parts.
Clothing and equipment of a distinctly
military character.
All kinds of harness of distinctly
military character.
Saddle, draft and pack animals suitable
for use in war
articles of camp equipment and their
distinctive component parts.
Armor plates.
Warships. including boats and their dis
tinctive component parts, of such ma
ture that they can only be used on yes
sci of war.
Aeroplanes, airships. balloons and air
craft of all kinds and their component
parts. together with accessories and arti-
cles recognizable for use in connection
with balloons and aircraft.
Implements and apparatus designed eX-
tons of war. for the manufacture or re-
pair of arms or war material for use on
land and sea.
Conditional Contraband.
The following are to betreated as con-
ditional contraband:
Foodstuffs.
Forage and grain suitable for feeding
animals.
Clothing. fabrics for clothing, and boots
and shoes suita BILE for use in war.
Gold and silver in coin or bullion, paper
money.
Vehicles of all kinds available for use
in war, and their component parts.
Vessels craft and boats of all kinds.
floating docks, parts of docks and their
component parts.
Railway material. both fixed and rolling
stock and materials for telegraphic wire
less telegraphs and telephones.
Fuel lubricants.
Powder and explosives not specially
prepared for use in war.
Barbed wire and implements for fixing
and cutting the same.
Horseshoes and shoeing materials.
Harness and saddlery.
Field glasses, telescopes. chronometers
and all kinds of nautical instruments.
Evening star., 1914-08-07

II you want work. read the want coll
umns Of The star.
Evening star., 1914-08-07
[|EGE WAR PRIZE
Of GREAT VALUE
Pittsburgh of Belgium Rich in
Factories and Mines and
. Commerce.
CITY STRONGLY GUARDED
BY TWELVE BIG FORTS
It's Railways Are Direct Lines
Cologne to Paris and Luxem-
burg to Brussels.

NEW YORK. August THE strategic
Importance of LieSe. the Belgian city he
fore which the German advance is re-
ported to have been checked. and where,
according to European dispatches. the
first great battle of the war may be
fought, is many sided Principally. it is
the most strongly fortified obstacle to the
supposed plan of the Germans to cut
across the lower half OF Beleium into
French territory, but in addition to this
the city is of itself Il prize in many ways
Iiege is the Pittsburgh of Belgium
For miles to the southwest along the
River Meuse there are scores of blast fur
naces. pudding furnaces, rolling mills
and forges. II is the site of the famous
Cockerill works. said to be the largest
manufactory of machinery in the world
1iege proper. with population of
$4,000. lies at the junction of the Meuse
and the Ourthe. i'm basin margined by
hills.
All around the city is a wealth of coal
and iron ore. The mines extend un-
der the city and river. These natural
riches in connection with the favorable
situation of the city at the junction of
two navigable rivers. have given rise TO
the extensive manufacturing industry in
the city itself
Evening star., 1914-08-07
Products Are Varied.

The products are varied but the prin-
cipal ones. and that which would make
Liege valuable prize of war. is that of
firearms. More than 10000 persons are
employed In the manufacture of guns,
ranging from small arms to the largest
OF modern weapons There is a royal
cannon factory and a small arms factory
also in the suburb of ST. Leonard
In wars of the last century Liege has
played only q small part. but TO-DAY the
city is well defended with modern forti-
hcations Its strength it is said, is far
greater than generally has been appre-
ciated by Strategists. In ISsS the Bel
CLAN authorities decided to adequately
fortify both Liege and Namur, the two
important points ON the Meuse. At each
place number OF detached forts were
constructed along a perimeter drawn a
distance varying from within four to six
miles of the civ
Evening star., 1914-08-07
Twelve Forts at Liege.


constructed. six on the right bank and
six on the left side of the river. All of
the forts have been kept fairly well up
to date. The heavy guns in their con-
crete easements are raised and lowered
automatically. The average distance be-
tween them is four miles but two, which
defend the main lines of the railway
from Germany, are little over a mile
apart.
1t has been estimated that 25.Oo0 men
would be necessary for an adequate de-
fense of these fortihcations
The railway lines through Liege are
the direct routes from Cologne to Paris
and from LuXemburg to Brussels. the
possession of either of which would be
valuable prizes to the German army.
The city first appears in history in the
sixth century at which time town
grew up around the original chapel
founded there by St. Monulph. bishop of
Tonsres. In the tenth century the epis-
copate of Notger. which had succeeded
the early line, wars marked by large ter
ritorial acquisitions and the see became
recognized as independent principal
lty of the French empire. There We're
many popular risings for freedom from
the exactions of the episcopal sovereigns,
who were also occupied in preserving
neutrality in the various wars, and pre-
serving their territory from being raided
by invading armies.
Captured in 1702.
They were only in part successful.
I.iege was taken by Marlborough in 1Io2,
and the fortress was Sarrisoned by the
Dutch until HIS The French revolution
ary armies overran the principality in
1872 and from 1874 to the fall of Napo-
leon it was annexed to France. and was
known as the department of the Ourthe.
The congress of Vienna in 1919 decreed
that Liege with the other provinces OF
the southern Netherlands should form
part of the new kingdom of the Neither
lands under the rule of William ! of the
house of Orange. The city of Liege took
an active part in the Belgian revolt OF
1s;n, and since that date the ancient
priucipality has been Incorporated into
the Kingdom of Belgium.
The principal point of interest to the
tourists in Liege has been the great
cathedral, or church of St. Paul. found
ed in the tenth century and rebuilt in the
thirteenth century. The university. found
ed in 1S11 is one of the largest in the
country. and enjoys high reputation
for education in the art of mining anC
manufacturing. There are many beau
tiful gardens and the rivers are spanneC
by splendid bridges. but the larger por
ton of the city has "a crowded aspect OF
narrow, crooked streets.
Waterloo. the place which everybody
knows as the scene of the downfall o.
Napoleon at the hands of the allies thu
18th of June. 1915. is not on a direct lin,
from Liege, but lies some sixty mile:
from il in an air line, south of Brussels
Evening star., 1914-08-07

from leaving their families. The message
was at once turned over to the Depart
ment of State.
Evening star., 1914-08-07
Contra band Decision.

The supreme Court of the United States
handed down a decision in 1866 that mer-
chandise might be divided into three
classes-first, articles primarily and or
dnarily used for military purposes in
time of war; second. articles which may
be used for either war or peace: third,
articles used exclusively for peaceful pur-
suits.
1t was then held that articles of the
first class. destined 10 a belligerent coun-
try or places occupied by the army or
navy of a belligerent, are always con-
traband Merchandise of the second class
tined for the military or naval use of
the belligerents That of the third class
is never contraband. though it may be
liable to seizure for a violation of a
blockade or siege.
There always has been discussion
among iurists regarding the lines which
divide these classes. and their decisions
have been as inconsistent as have the
actions of the nations themselves.
Two of the articles of merchandise over
which there always has been dispute are
coal and provisions. In a contest between
naval powers the coal supply for bat
tleships and cruisers is of the utmost i'm
portance Both Japan and Russia pur-
chased coal in England during their war.
some of which probably never de-
livered In the past it has been the prac-
tice to contiscate both ships and cargo
but now il is held that only contraband
goods themselves are to be taken, unless
the owner of the goods is also the owner
of the ship in which they are carried,
either in whole or in part
Evening star., 1914-08-07
Public Misconstrues It.

There is a general misconstruction on
the part of the public press and of the
general public. in the opinion of govern
ment officials, as to the effect of the
Presidents proclamation. Except in the
case of ships of war of a belligereat
nation in American ports, there is no
prohibition of commerce contained in the
document. But there is a warning utter
ed by the President that trade in arms
and munitions of war incur the risk
of hostile capture on the high seas and
the penalties denounced by the law of
nations in behalf of contra band of war
The embargo regarding commerce with
warships of a belligerent nation have
regard to what fuel and supplies it may
take abroad. Such fuel and supplies are
limited to an amount that will take the
vessel to the nearest port of her own
country. and in case of a steamer with
auxiliary san power. that vessel can
only take half supply of coal Repairs
TO such a vessel must be confined to
those absolutely necessary to make her
SeaWorthy Tor travel to a home port
American citizens are prohibited by law
which the President calls attention to in
the proclamation, from taking part. di-
rectly or indirectly, in the war, and are
obligated to maintain a strict and i'm
partial neutrality as individuals
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1914-11-11

Chickens have a great deal OF
sonse now" said a gentleman on the
street Friday. Yesterday when ]
was killing a hen for dinner the roost-
e. tainted He was standing nearby
watching when I caught the hen and
carried II to the chopping boick. As
the blood followed the blow. the roost-
er Topped over and after some more
fiopping became quiet. did not know
what to dp with him. 80 put him In
the garden. After dinner when I went
ont TO see II he was dead. he jump
ell up and ran Off. showing that he
had merely tainted when he saw one
of his mates beheaded."
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1914-11-11
GAME LAWS ENFORCED.
Chief Warden Replies to James Hen
ry Rice.

Columbia, Nov. 6.-Alfred A. Rich
ardson, chief game warden of South
Carolina, said yesterday, regarding an
interview in The State of yesterday
with James Henry Rice, former chief
game warden for this State, now an
agent Of the federal biological sur
vey, that Mr.. Rice was in error in so
far as this State is concerned when
he said that the enforcement Of the
game laws in Southern States is a
nullity and a farce and that in several
OF the States the sentiment for the en-
forcemert of the law has gone back
five years.
Such is not the case in South Car
olina,' said Mr.. Richardson, "and
think that Mr.. Rice must have re-
ferred to the government laws and
migratory birds; for the government
laws, so far as 1 know, are not being
enforced at all in this State and it is
probably very true that the migratory
birds are becoming more scarce.
I'm order to verify my contention
that the laws are being we'll enforced
In South Carolina, 1 quote You the
following from the records Of this Of
flee:
In the past 16 months this depart
ment has brought to trial 2S5 cases
for violation Of the game and fish
laws; over so per cent of these have
resulted in convictions and the guilty
parties have been fined anywhere
from $5 to $500 each. We now have
on hand 21 cases pending for trial
at the next terms of the different
courts.
THE records Of this office will show
further that as time goes on the vio-
lations are decreasing and the game
laws are being better respected today
than ever before in the history Of the
State. If any one is at all doubtful
as to these statements 1 will be very
glad to have them call at my office
and make an inspection Of the records.
From what l am told in different To-
calities all over the State, / know it
to be fact that birds and game are
more plentiful this year than they
have been in the last ten years."
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1914-11-11
WOMAN SUFFRAGE GAINS,
ELEVEN STATES HAVE JOINED
EQUAL SUFFRAGE RANKS.
Two Added in Recent Election
Twenty Other States Allow Partial
Rights to Women.

Chicago, Nov. 5.-Women now have
full suffrage in ten States. according
to latest returns tonight, which ap-
parently gave the franchise to women
in Nevada and Montana. Suffrage
amendments were leading by 1915 in
Montana and by $500 in Nevada.
In addition women have the right
to "0te for certain offices in % other
States.
In Illinois they may vote for all
statutory offices. including presiden-
tial electors.
The II woman suffrage States,
with the time of granting the fran
chise, are: Wyoming, 1890; Colorado,
1898; Utah, 1896; Idaho, 1896; Wash
ington, 1910; California, 1912; Ari-
zona. 1912; Kansas, 1912; Oregon,
1912; Nevada, 1914; Montana, 1914.
The 20 States allowing partial suf-
frage to women are: Connecticut, Del
aware, Iowa, Indiana. Illinois, Ken
nesota, Nebraska defeated full suf-
frage Tuesday,, New Hampshire, New
Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North
Dakota, Oklahoma, Ohio, South Da-
kota, Vermont and Wisconsin.
Late returns bear out early indica
tiOns that full suffrage amendments
were defeated Tuesday in Ohio, Mis-.
souri,, Nebraska, North Dakota and
South Dakota.
Officers Of the National Woman
Suffrage association tonight declared
women voters were instrumental
Tuesday in passing the amendment.
in California that drive out pugilisn
and segregate vice quarters The!
failed in driving out saloons, it wa
said, only because of the too drastic
provisions Of the amendment. Womel
aided materially, suffrage leader
claimed. in voting prohibition fo
Washington. Oregon and Colorado.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1914-11-11
Fire Department kept BUSY
THREE CALLS FOR HOSE WAGONS
WITHIN TWENTY HOURS.
Fire In Box Car at Water Tank OH
Harvtn Street Destroys Cotton -
Northwestern Passenger Coach
Damaged-Six Bales OF Cotton Be-
longing 10 Sumter Dry Goods Com
pany Burned.
Prom The Daily Item. Nov. s.

Within twenty hours the fire depart
mont was called out three times to
answer alarms Of fire. None Of the
hres were large ones. however. and
all were easily extinguished by the
nrs laddies. Two Of the fires were cot
ton nres. q numoer Of bales of cotton
bsing burnt In car at the Harvin
street water tank yesterday after
mon about 6 o'clock and six bales be-
longing to the Sumter Dry Goods Conn
pnny being burnt over on Liberty
street this morning. The other fire
was Q passenger coach belong to the
Northwestern railroad Of South Caro-.
lima and occurred about 8 o'clock last
night In the rear Of the Northwestern
onaces.
The FIRE at 6 o'clock Thursday af-
ternoon was In an Atlantic Coast Line
box car. which had just come in of
the Northwestern Railroad from
Woodrow. one OF the new stations be-
tween Providence and Rose Hill. The
car was filled with cotton, and the fire
had already burnt some Of the cotton
and damaged the car when the depart
mont got the alarm and speedily
reached the scene. Damage was esti-
mated ut about 5000. The cotton be-
long ID to persons living near Wood
row. II II not known how 1t caught
The next fire came at about
o'clock last night. when I Northwes-
tern passenger coach In the Penn.
Sumter Lumber company yard caught
nre from some unknown cause. The
fre department responded promptly
and slight damage was done.
The fire this morning occurred al
about 1880 o'clock when wagon
load Of cotton belonging to the Sum-
ter Dry Goods Co., caught fire. The
six bales were being transferred from
the Tobacco warehouse to the resi-
dsnce Of Mr.. T. H. Clark on Church
street. They were on q wagon be-
longing to c. w. Smith q Company
and Mr.. stansili Smith was driving
He stHteu that he did not know
positively how the cotton caught. All
~ bales were singed over and con-
slesrably damaged by fire and water
The cotton In some Of that which the
store had received on a ten cent ba.
ss on account and In trade. As soon
90 Il was discovered to be on fire 4,
vas thrown of the wagon. which was
not damassed. Mr.. Smith was slight.
H burt In throwing the cotton off the
vagon.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1914-11-11
CHICKEN THIEVES USE AUTO.
MOBILE.


1hirty-four Bun Orpington Hens Stol.
en- From b. L. Montague.
From. The Daily Item. Nov. 6.
The automobile bandits Of Paris,
Chicago. New York and other big
cities have nothing on the lowiy lit
ts chicken thieves Of Sumter. Last
night . purity Of these visited the
premises of b. L. Montague on Salem
avenue In an automobile and when
t'sy made their departure they took
With them thirty-four of his pet
young Bun Orpington hens. j. is
probable that they would have taken
more lsI not neighbor heard the
chickens squawking and arrived on
the scene. He was too late, however,
b, stop tho raiders. as they made away
in the car as soon as he appeared.
Mr.. Montague was not at home at
tne time. he having been at the re-
cltal given at the Grace Baptist
Church. so he did not know Of his
ioes until no returned home some time
after the theft had been discovered d
by neighbor. The police were noti-
Ned. but nave not yet been able to
trace and apprehend the robbers.
The fowls which were stolen were
AL OF q fancy breed and the theft
means q loss OF about $50 to Mr..
Montague. There were three fowl
houses on the premises. only one of
which wall visited. q lone rooster be-
Ing left In this.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1914-11-11
DEMOCRATIC MAJORITY SMALL
DEMONSTRATION RETAINS THE
HOUSE BY NET LEAD OF
TWENTY-FOCR MEN,
BERS.
Senate Lead Increased to 13 Shown
by Figures Oh Election OF Tues.
day-Thrcc Contests for the TOga
Still Remain i'm Considerable
Doubt. .Y

'Ft%SS
New York, Nov. 5.-The member
snip of the Sixty-fourth congress, as
the result of Tuesdays election, ex-
Guiding few contests still in doubt,
will be as follows:
House of representatives: Demo-
Gratis, 229; Republicans, 1876; Pro-
gresslve, z; Socialist, /; Indepen-
dent. 1. Democratic majority. "a.
Senate: Democrats, So; Republi-
cans, 80; Progressive, 1. Democratic
majority, Is.
Senatorial contests still in doubt
tonight were in Colorado, Nevada and
Wisconsin. Democratic leaders still
Claimed the election of Charles 6.
Thomas over Hubert Works in Colo
rado and Of Francis D. Newlands over
Samuel Plat in Nevada.
Republican leaders claimed the
election of Francis E. McGoyern over
Paul H. Husting, Democrat, in Wis
consin; but through an error in count
ing returns, discovered late in the day,
an apparent majority for McGovern
has been swept away, leaving the sit
uation much in doubt.
The result in only one congressional
district was undetermined tonight. In
the First New York district, Frederick
c. Hicks, Republican, and Represen-
stative LathrOp Brown were running
on virtually even terms. The outcome
probably will not be known until an
official count is made.
In computing the Democratic total
in the house at 22s, William Kettner
of the Eleventh California district,
who also ram on the Progressive
ticket and ranks as a Progressive in
the present congress. is included with
the majority party.
Representative John I. Noland Of
the Tenth California district, who ran
on the Republican and Progressive
tickets and was elected to the pres
ent congress as a Progressive Re-
publican, is classed with the Republi-
cans.
Representative William Kent of the
First California district is ranked as
an independent. This would give the
Progressive seven members of the
house.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1914-11-11
LITTLE NEWS FROM MEXICO,
QUIET FOR A DAY SEEMS TO
HAVE COME TO COUNTRY.
Result Of Latest Fight Unknown.
Carrallza Points Out dis Reasons
for Refusing to Recognize Gutierrez
as Provisional President.

Ell Paso. Texas. Nov. .5.-No infor-
nation had reached here tonight Of
the result of the conflict between the
forces of Gen. Carranza and Gen.
Villa near Aguascalientes.
A statement by Rafael Musquiz,
Carranza's consul general to the
United States, claimed 20 out of the
81 Mexican States were adherents to
Carranza, though Villa, it was said,
has a strategic advantage in cOntrOll-
ing the solid block of States in the
northwest. Mosquiz received today an
explanation Of CarranZa's action in
refusing to recognize the election of
Eulalia Gutierrez as provisional pres
idcnt and of Carranza's presence at
Puebla. The message signed by
Yzidro Fabela, Carranzas acting min
lister Of foreign relations, said:
1.-The first chief thought it we'll to
remain in this city (Puebla) because
being here he received message
from the convention. informing him
that Gen. Eulalio Gutierrez had been
made provisional president without
the convention telling him (Carranza
whether or not the conditions which
he had imposed upon his resignation
had been fulfilled.
1.-The conditions were: Fixing the
form Of government which shall car.
ry out revolutionary ideals, making
an effective retirement Of Gems
Villa and Zapata from command OF
their forces. Since these condition:
have not been fulfilled, and as the
convention had not authority to set
tie the difficulties with Gen. Villa
fix the date Of elections and define
the social reforms which were to bt
carried out in the pre-constitutiona
period, the first chief can not give W
the power to any person designated
by the convention without the condi
tions heretofore imposed having beer
fulfilled.
The governors Of Puebla, TlaX
Gala, Yucatan, Hidalgo, Querertaro
rabasco, Chiapas, Vera Cruz, Jalisct
Mexico and the federal district ant
many leading generals have commu
nicated with the first chief, declar
ing their allegiance to him."
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1914-11-11

The price Of wheat touched high
water mark Thursday when it sold
for $1.22 a bushel. The South can
better afford to grow wheat, even
though the average yield is only fifteen
bushels or less per acre, than to buy
Western flour milled from wheat at
present prices. A few acres Of wheat
planted now will provide bread next
year for the average family.