The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-09-13

During the period following the wal
IN France great trouble occurred among
the missed people OF the Balkan
provinces Herzegovina had revolted
against the Turks and the coreligiun-
lists in adjoining States had aided tn,
rebels Turkey itself had a revolution
and within year saw three Sul,ans
mount the throne Bulgarian Chris
tians killed some Turkish officers. and
this was followed 10y massacres which
shocked The whole world. The revolu-
tlonists were Joined 10y Servia and Mon
tenegro in war on the sultan, and 10
make il unanimous Russia and Rumanla
entered the lists against Turkey in 1871
\ bloody struggle, lasting eleven
months. ensued. \ large army besieged
Plcvna. but could not take +, hv as
sault. So strongly was II fortified and
so ably defended 10y the Turkish General
Osman Pasha. he had 10 surrender
however When Adrianop'o fell the
Sultan gave up.
The treaty which followed extend d
the Bulgarian border south to Greece
and gave independence go S"rNia, Ru-
mania ana Montenegro. but Greece pro-
I. sted and Srrvia objected 10 Bulgaria :
advantage. while Rumania protested
against what Russia was taking from
her. So new treaty was drawn at
Berlin
The results of the treaty of Berlin
satisfied none of the interested parties
except Austria Russia never forgaNe
Rismarcl, for his part in depSv.nH her
~ what she considered her share Of
the spoils. and, indeed, from then on
she was ready to enter into any com
bination against Germany
The PRESIDENCY Of Theirs in France
was succeeded by that of Marshal Mac
Mahon, but n dispute arose "a 10 the
form OF government under which the
country actually existed and there
was some danger Of n return 10 n
monarchy. However, this passed, and
by 1875 the republic was firmly estab-
llshed MacMahon, totally without
craftsmanship. reactionary and obstl-
nate. became involved over the retire
ment of several Generals and resigned.
Jules Grevy was elected in his stead
i'm 1879. A strong foreign policy was
adopted and France launched out as
a colonizer in Africa and China to offset
similar ambitions on the part OF her
rivals
when Emperor william died in 1883
his successor. the Crown Prince Fred
erick. was already fatally stricken with
disease and lived hut about three months
after the coronation. This brought TO
the throne the presen, ruler his son,
William II. His character Is now so
well known that II need scarcely be
said that 1t was hut short time be-
fore ne and the Iron Chancellor dis
agreed. 1t was not so much question
of differing policies az one Of tempera-
ments. William II, had come TO The
throne to rule and not to he ruled.
Before two years had passed he de-
mandcd Bismarck's resignation.
William |, had made Bismarck, hut
the Chancellor had united Germany and
put his master firmly ON the throne
OF an empire. Germany was now the
dominating military power OF the Con-
tlnent and was making vast strides in
commerce and manufactures. All this
was due directly to Bismarck, He was
an old man now lie had not lost his
cunning, but times had changed and
80 had masters. This new Kaiser had
as much determination az the Chancel-
lor himself. The divine right had in
him an ardent champion, lie was n
thorough believer In miiitarlsm. He
could he trusted To go far, So the
old man resigned and retired to private
life,
As the previous phase OF this history