davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-11-01

to achieve which the advance guard
train is made as light as possible. so
that it may keep up with any column
and always be on hand to bridge a
stream without delay to the following
main body of the army.
The reserve bridge train naturally
has more f1rmness and stability, Tor
it is composed of much heavier ma
harder wear and tear, and the entire
structure is less likely to give way
under the tread of passing thousands
of feet and the roll of heavy artillery
carriages.
In practically every army Of modern
days, the advance guard, or HsnI
bridge train, is composed of boats built
of wooden framework and canvas COW
erine for them The roadway of the
bridge. balks and chess. is somewhat
lighter, and the entire equipment OF
the train is in proportion to the CHAR
acter of the bridge. Each boat wagon
carries a canvas boat, knocked down.
with a proportionate part of the COM
ponents of the roadway. suff1cient TO
construct one bay. or span, the part
of the roadway which extends from one
boat to the next one.
The great difficulty in the use OF 'he
light boat coverings Is the fact that
A single bullet at the water line causes
, leak. and with each boat is a quick
repair kit to meet just such an emef-
gency.
Metal boats were tried for the pontoon
trains. but the same difficulty presented
itself to an even greater extent. TOT
hole in metal is much more difficult 10
repair in haste. Such boats were tried
out as early as the American civil war
They were discarded in favor OF the
wooden boat, even at the cost of great
er weight.
The science of pontooneertng as de-
yeloped today comes almost directly
from the experiences of that war Ine
bridges were put into use almost daily
and not only our own corps OF engl-
neers. but those of the foreign powers.
watched the development with great
interest.
one of the principles esta blished from
the lessons Of the war Is that pom
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-11-01
Pay Night.

rx-GOV. WILLIAM SULZER. in Q
Z prohibition address in Brooklyn
told a prohibition story.
Impossible to save" he said. i'm.
nossible to make Roadway where there
is not temperance
II said to little girl the other day:
".I am very glad to hear that your
father has got steady work at last.
Sadie. And how much does ne put
away now every Saturday night!
".From twenty five to thirty beers.
SIR little Sadie answered"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-11-01
warfare rough expedients for the ac-
complishment of ferriage have been
utilized.


:: ::
Even the ancient Britons. as IMMERSED
in the arts of war as they were, found
it most necessary to extemporize some
means of effecting a passage over riv-
ers, and skins of animals. inflated,
were formed into buoyant supports OF
rough RATS upon which the wild SOL
diery gained a desired opposite bank
With the development of armies to
. scientific organization the bridge
train has come into being, a definite
unit of a campaign force which must
be ever ready to meet the call of
strategic necessity.
Napoleon Bonaparte used pontoon
bridges in his wars. When his forces
we're wintering upon the Island of Lo-
bau one of his engineers solved the
problem of unexpected moving which
confronted the war genius by the
throwing of a pontoon bridge across
the mighty river by the process Of con-
version. This expedient has taken a
definite place in the practice Of pom
toon bridging, and is rated as one of
the four recognized methods of con-
Structing such bridge.
BY conversion is meant the construc-
ton of pontoon bridge parallel with
the shore. anchoring one end to keep
it near the shore, permitting the bridge
to swing down with the current until
Its length, carefully calculated before
hand. exactly spans the stream. when
it is securely anchored.
In the days when all the territory of
a possible foe was not carefully map
ped out and filed away in the archives
of competent general staff practical
methods were evolved for surrounding
many difficulties arising at the mo-
ment. One of these was the method
by which the width of stream could
be computed from one bank. Another
of Napoleons engineers applied the
trigonometrical solution to the ques-
ton. 1t secured him immediate promo
ton. Here is his answer:
Let A be the station of an observer
on the river bank. C an object on the
opposite bank. By means of a pocket
or sextant lay off a base line,
A b. until a point D is found where the
Then D A equals A c, or the distance
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-11-01

sounds OF the reconnaissance. Reports
of the condition of the stream have
long since been flashed back to head
quarters. and within a short time an
advance guard bridge train has come
up, near the river
Already. infantry details have been
made to assist In the construction of
the bridge. while other detachments
have been told off to secure the pas
sage of the river.
The bridge wagons have halted a
short distance in rear of the bank. I'M
mediately. details of the waiting in
them to the bank. sliding them into
the water. while the roadway equip
ment. balks and chess, is laid in piles
nearby.
The pontoniers man the boats using
some six oars, and the detachments
which are to attempt to secure the OPP
posite bank take their places, one by
one. under the direction of the Off
Ger in charge They are instructed that
under no circumstances must they re-
turn a fire while on the water. The
main point is to get across without
disclosing their position and to draw
as little fire possible until across.
From In rear. attacking artillery be-
gins to spray the opposite bank with
shrapnel. in the effort to make the
crossing of the river free from OPP
position possible. The boats push
off and the passage commences. The
.,
by the enemy. is promptly spotted. and.
regardless of the shrapnel fire. the OPP
posing sharpshooters open fire in the
direction of the sounds. \ countless
host of bullets rains about hurrying
pontoons. spattering the occupants
with miniature geysers of water. and
occasionally finding human billet.
Oar blades are shattered. Spare oars
are aboard to replace them: men top
pie over under the kiss of the slim
messengers of death. yet orders are
obeyed. and there is no return fire.
1t Is hard, too, to sit quiet and not re-
ply. AS the far bank is neared, the
fire becomes more telling. and there are
more casualties. but as the deep-laden
pontoons ground, the soldiers leap over
the gunwales and wade ashore, blazing
a way before them, a long line of angry
hornets aroused at last for abou.
twenty pontoons have ferried across
With grim quietness, except for the
splitting of the rifles, the attacking
parties are formed rapidly and crest
the bank as the pontoons. under their
pontoniers, put off to regain the far
shore and commence the construction
of the bridge, where details are wait
ing in impatience with their loads of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-11-01
Politics Defined.
KNAYOR mitchell said at non.
lXx ..a1i+;aaI Ia, rn.let in NeW York.

NHAYOR mitchell said at a nom
Iva political banquet in New York;
Deliver me from the professional
politician. Thank goodness. there are
no professional politicians here.
"a professional politician was walk
ing along country road one day when
a farmer gave him a lift. The farmers
as they logged along. said:
land what trade might you be In
friend?
".I amt in no trade the professional
politician answered. I'm in profes.
SION
land what profession, friend. might
that be-
Politics
The farmer turned his head slowly
and looked his guest up and down.
"'Friend,' he said. that amt a pro-
fession. It's a disease.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-11-01

dragging of an anchor or the parting
of a cable may cause the failure of the
entire operation.
Let US see. how an advance guard
train would throw a bridge across a
stream under combat conditions.
Night has fallen after a hard day.
The enemy has been pushed back to the
far side of river. occupying heights
in rear, and it is necessary that the
stream be crossed at once to permit
the pursuing forces to maintain con-
tact with the retreating foe. The far
side of the river is held by a thin line
of infantry of the rear guard. backed
by artillery. The pursuing cavalry has
reached the river. and the troops have
been sent into the water, mounted, In
all directions. in hopes of discovering
ford, but without result.
Through the darkness the opposing
troops have been firing steadily at the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-11-01

How the Passage of
the Home Rule Act
Has Made Ireland the
Most Loyal Part of the
Empire-In Ordinary
Times Ireland Sup
plies Many Times Her
Quota to the Imperial
Army, but She Now
Proposes to Enroll an
Army Corps at Least
for Kitchener's New
Army-John Redmond
and Sir Edward Car
son, as Recruiting Ser
geants, Working in Ri
valry.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-11-01

regiments as the Connaught Rangers.
Fusiliers and the Inniskilling ORA
goons, the Munster Fusiliers, who were
cut up at Mons, and the Irish Guards,
of which Lord Roberts. the great SOL
der who warned England for years
of what was in store for her, is col
onel-in-chief.
In former wars in which Great
Britain was engaged Irishmen were to
be found fighting on both sides. When
the Stuart kings fell thousands of
Irish gentlemen who had fought in
their armies emigrated rather than
submit to the Hanoverian dynasty.
They were followed by tens of thou
sands of their soldiers, and the Irish
brigades which entered the service of
France, of Spain, of Austria and OF al
most every other nation on the CONT
nent OF Europe, made the fame of the
Irish as fighters world wide. Every
gade which fought against the Eng
lish at Fontenoy. and even as recently
as the Boer war there was an Irish
brigade in the field against the old
enemy who has now become a friend.
This time the Irishmen will all fight
on the one side. Ireland has become
passionately loyal to the British en-
pire, with the exception of a very
small and entirely uninfiuential group
of doctrinaire politicians who are still
preaching that England is the enemy"
But II England were still the enemy
ireland would have a strong induce
ment to fight against Germany and on
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-11-01

Then r aA equals a c, or the distance
required"
The emperor was in a hurry to know
the distance across the river, and the
prompt answer commended itself to his
grasp of brain even before the engi
neer's speech was completed.
Each great nation has it's bridge
trains as part of the regular equip
ment of the army. For purposes OF
greatest efficiency, the bridge trains
are divided into two classes which.
roughly speaking. are the advance
guard bridge trains and reserve bridge
trains The only difference is mobility,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-11-01

)R the first time
since the conquest
of Ire la n d by
Strongbow, Eng
land is engaged
in a war in which
she has the hearty
and u n d / vi d e d
sympathy of Ire
land. and the en-
pire is looking for
great things from
the Irish troops,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-11-01

More Than One Bat
tie Has Been Lost by
Inability of Soldiers
10 Cross Unfordable
Stream How the
Modern Armies Build
Their Wonderful Pom
ICONS - The Bridge
Train a Definite Unit
of Campaign Force,
Ready to Meet Call of
Strategic Necessity.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-11-01
HE casual reader

He casual reader
rarely t h i II k g I.
when he reads
dispatches from
the front which
s p e a k of the
throwing of a
pontoon b r / d e e
a ros s S o m e
stream, of the
work of the pom
tooneers, or the
e n 6 / n e e r s, to
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-11-01

tains. John Redmond, the leader of the
Irish party, and. if he lives another year,
the first prime minister of Ireland, has
said publicly that he hopes to supply
not only an Irish brigade. but an Irish
army corps OF 100000 men. Some OPP
timists go so far as to talk about
doubling that number, but that is hard
" to be hoped for, unless the young
Irishmen who have sought their fortunes
overseas return to strike blow for
the honor of Ireland in the great war.
1t has been suggested that the two
volunteer forces, Sir Edward Carson's
Ulster army of 100000 partially trained
men. and Redmond's national volunteer
force of nearly 100000 men. rather less
trained than the FISHERMEN, might be
taken over as a body, but any one who is
familiar with Irish conditions knows that
this is impossible Many of the men
in both bodies Joined the volunteer
forces in perfect readiness to fight for
what they believed to be the best in
terests of ireland within the four seas
of Ireland. That is a very different
thing from e.ling abroad to serve for
an Indefinite period, and requires quite
a different sort of patriotism. More
over, it requires quite different
ward Carson and John Redmon are urg-
ing their volunteers to join, and there
is no doubt that a large proportion will
do So
=
To balance those who for personal and
business reasons are. unable to volun-
teer for foreign service. there will UNI
doubtedly be :: large number of young
men who Joined neither volunteer force
zorro IN
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-11-01

The method of construction by sue
cessive pontoons possesses the advan-
tage of being applicable to all streams,
whatever their velocity, and of re-
curing the minimum quantity of ma
terial, the fewest pontoniers and the
shortest time for it's accomplishment.
The labor. however, of constructing
bridge by this method Increases rapid
ly with the number of spans. as the
materials are carried out piecemeal
from the bank. If possible. this bridge
is always commenced from both ends.
meeting in the middle of the river.
The method by RATS is employed
when the passage of river is to be.
forced, and when the RATS can be cop-
structed unobserved by the enemy. In
such case the pontoniers will be ex
posed to fire only while the RATS are
floating into position and being con-
nected.
The construction by conversion is a
more delicate operation. To insure sue
cess the current must be moderate, the
holding ground good and the pom
toniers skillful, Intelligent and cool.
The awkwardness Of a single man, the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-11-01

toon bridge may not be built in the
clearness of day, under fire. Time and
time again it has been tried and never
with success until troops have been
ferried across the river, even at a loss.
to dislodge the sharpshooters on the
opposite bank. Night is the usual time
for throwing bridge across, or in the
day if there be heavy fog.
There are four methods of construct
ing pontoon bridge; by successive
pontoons. where one boat after another
is placed and the roadway built: by
parts. where three pontoons are
bridged, the parts foated into position
and the continuous roadway completed,
connecting the parts by RATS. where
sections Of the bridge are completed,
hoated into position and the adjacent
boats are dashed together, the roadway
being connected by false balks laid
over the side rails of the RATS at their
junction and wedged: by conversion.
where the entire bridge except the
landings. is constructed along a shore
and the whole bridge is than swung
into position across the stream, an
chored and connected with the shores.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-11-01

DUBLIN. October %.
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1914-05-15
Imperial Elevator Co.
Lumber Department
Lansford, N. D., May II, 1914.
H. M. Dunsmoor,
Bottineau, N. D.
Agent.
Dear SIR

have Just received a carload of sHos and
thought perhaps you would be interested in knowing
just what they are. l must admit that l have taken
with a grain OF allowance all that has been said about
these silos by the various officers of the company and
by Mr.. Townsend, but l will have to admit that the
laugh is on me. l couldn't see how they were going to
get around some of those cross-grained coarse ones that
come so often in long lengths. There were seven sios
in this car, one 30 foot and six 80 foot, consisting of
785 pieces and every piece was perfect in quality of lum-
Der as we'll as in the milling. l take the purchasers of
these silos out in the yard to see them and every man
is more than pleased with the material they are to re-
ceive.
was on the lookout for something to kick
about and handled every piece and want to say that in
the sixteen years that l have been in the lumber bust
ness l never saw it's equal.
You have nothing to fear in putting it up
to your customers pretty strong for l know that
the company is in a position to satisfy the most partic-
ular customer.
Yours truly,
n. F. Howard.
T. S It would do you good to see this fine lot-.not a
single pin knot in the entire lot.
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1914-05-15

Seen ana Heard

Bert Hawn was here from
Russell Friday.
DR., A. r. Mckay Is driving q
new Buick touring car.
J. "A. Painter. was a passenger
to Minneapolis Saturday last.
l.. w. Weatherly of. Mohall
visited with friends here Mon
day.
Thos. Finley was in the city
from Westhope between trains
Wednesday.
ID. 1. Armstrong and c. w.
Wilkins autoed over from Will
low City Tuesday.
Matt johnson went to One
NEE Monday to look after bust
ness interests at that place.
Olaf Warburg of Carbury
was a business visitor in the
city between trains Saturday.
Henry Peterson and L. Mork
and families were in the city
for a short time Tuesday eve
ming.
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1914-05-15
!. e. e.. Bowen returned from
Bismarck Friday evening.

E. T.. Bowen returned from
Bismarck Friday evening.
C.. p. Yelle spent Sunday
with his family in this city.
Peter Stanton and John Score
of Souris were in the city Fri
day.
Sd. Kromrey and Ed Thiel
were over from Kramer We'd
uesday. -
Niagara Maid silk gloves
and hosiery-the best made, at
Woods. i.
G. A. Blk of Fargo was a
business visitor in town last
Thursday.
r. O. Nesting of Westhope
had business at the county seat
Wednesday.
C.. w. Fielder went to Rugby
last Friday to transact business
betweeaa trains.
Mrs. l.. F. Sandstrom visited
friends at .Omemee between
trains Monday.
F.. A. H. Smith and C. W.
Fielder autoed to Deloraine on
business Tuesday.
FOR SALE--2OOO bu. oats
and 200O bu. good feed barley.
Mcintosh & Cathro.
John A. McLain of Kramer
was a business visitor here
several days this week.
D.. l)uFrene of Nevada is
visiting with his sister Mrs Bots
vert, residing east of the city.
Misses Myrtle and Elizabeth
Morrison of Westhope called
on friends in this city Wednes-
day.
Mr.. and Mrs. Jos. Soucie
autOed over from Omemee
Monday on a business and
pleasure trip.
Miss Merle Bowerman of
w illow City visited at the
Woodward home Wednesday
and Thursday.
Henry Dahl. of Staples. Min
nesota, arrived Saturday and
will make this city his home
during the summer months.
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1914-05-15
The Aurora 1orsaIis.

The aurora borealis. or northern
dawn. Is an electrical phenomenon
which in high northern ATTITUDES. espe-
in winter, Eliminates the skies
with streamers Of light. As the
.streams Of light have a tremendous
motion. they are called in many places
the merry Dances" They assume
many shapes and a variety Of colors.
from a pale red OF yellow to a deep
red n blood color, and in the northern
ATTITUDES they serve to illuminate the
earth and cheer the gloom Of the long
winter nights. The connection of the
aurora displays with the disturbance
Of the magnetic needle IL now regard
Cd ~ m ascertained fact.
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1914-05-15

ne SOClety WeOOlnQ taxes
place at the opera house this
evening.
Don't forget the societ y we'd
ding at the opera house this
evening. Prices IS and 20 ct.
Mrs. Thos White and Mr.. and
Mrs. Henry Field visited friends
at Souris Monday night.
H.O. Sheldon left Saturday
tor Casselton where he is
transacting business this
week.
Tickets are on sale for the
society wedding which takes
place at the opera house this
evening.
Miss Marion Mckay, daught-
er of DR.. and Mrs. A. X. Mac
Kay is seriously i'll with ap-
pendicitis.
K. H. Fairfield autoed over
from Gardena Wednesday and
visited friends in this city for
several hours.
Mr.. Skaptson came down
from Souris yerterday for a
visit with his daughter, Mrs.
w. H. Adams.
Mrs. Louis McKeen let
yerterday for Glenburn to visit
with her parents, Mr.. and Mrs.
w. J. Diver.
I The ladies of the Hospital
|! committee will serve ice cream.
cake and coffee on Saturday
tafternoOn at Blades old stand.
/ Mrs. G. w. Wasem left
yesterday for Stewarvtill. Min
i'nesota, for an extended visit
with relatives at the old home.
The many friends of Mr.. and
Mrs. H. Deschamp will mourn
with them in the death of their
infant son, born Monday, May
IT xe~f4*ss &:s5; +2~1+>' .. h.: =
Geo: b.. Mcmillan, Peter
Scott; c.: l.. Newhouse and C.
q. Gorderformed a party who
autoed to Westhope Wednes-
day. "~~,<:%. -
TIC. Michael of the Willow
lCity Eagle and w. E.. holbein
of the Lansford Journal were
in the city several days this
week.
Mr.. and Mrs. ". B. Noble ar
rived from Minot Monday eve
ming and will spend several
weeks on the farm north of
town.
Mrs. Nat Meighen and
daughter Miss Isabelle, of
/ Westhope visited with friends
lin this city from Friday until
TUESDAY.
When you are looking up.the
movies column each week,
don'tforget the suffrage column
on page three. 1t is always in
teresting.
Mrs. Robt. Walker returned
from Souris yesterday where
she had been visiting at the
home of her sister, Mrs. N.Y.
strom.
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1914-05-15

Heard a woodpecker tapping the
trees in the high woods. How strange
" he is constructed! II we chopped
teeth on a stick loud enough to be
heard a hundred feet of, at the end
Of m hour our jaws and gums would
be 20 sore we could not bear 1t. But
the woodpecker seems to suffer no in
convenience.-From "A Farmers Note
book"