The Ekalaka eagle. [volume] (Ekalaka, Mont.) 1909-1920, 1914-11-27

and unmatched. can travel out Of port
until she gets sight of a distant enemy.
She then takes his compass bearing.
dives and is completely submerged.
The torpedo when ready for dis
charge. lies in line Of the boats keel.
1t is aimed. therefore. by turning di-
rectly toward the target, II Is fired
when SO heading. The period required
for aiming will depend upon the
amount of this turning. but that for
rising. firing and rediving is stated by
experts at 10 seconds. These opera
tons measure the time of exposure to
guntire. if the small surface shown be
at once detected by the enemy
I'm sum. then. the submarine pos
sesses in high degree armored protec-
ton, invisibility and the power to
strike a blow as deadly as the rattle
snake or cobra, and of as little warm
ing. In practice, if performance rise
to the level Of promise, her deeds may
resemble the freaks of those person.
ages Of fairy tales, who possess an in
visible cloak and deal blows alike un-
expected and unaccountable."
Two Types Of Submarines.
Roughly speaking, submarines are of
two general types, the Holland and
the Lane. In the former the vessel
actually dives, slanting downward
through the water, bow first. In the
second it sinks steadily on an even
keel, as an elevator. Most govern
ments, including the American, seem
to prefer the former as more rapid. al
though generally smaller. Each IA
ton, each inventor, it might be said,
has worked out numerous variations.
The present war has been expected to
put the different types to Il thorough
test.
In outline every submarine must be
able to sink and rise at will, must be
able to supply fresh air to its occupants
when submerged for many hours, nus
be able to see what is going on at the
surface when it is virtually under wa
ter, must have its own motive power
for service below as we'll as above wa
ter and must be able to move in II
direction. Sinking and rising usually
are regulated by water tanks and ny
droplanes, which are really fins, and
purse is maintained by Il rudder,
which is to the ship what a fish's tail
is to its body.
1t is usually supplied with large wa
ter tanks and large compressed air
tanks, the latter OF which are used
both in supplying oxygen to its occu-
pants and in regulating it's movements.
When it is desired to sink the boat the
water tanks are allowed to fill. When
the boat is to rise water is driven out
by compressed air. The degree Of
%huoyancy at any level is regulated in
this way.
The Eye Of Underwater Craft.
Its glimpSes of the surface when 1t
is several futholns below surface are
obtained by what is known as Il peri
scope. In essentials this is arranged
in the form of Il tube on Il long, slender
mast rising from the top Of the vessel.
At the top Of the mast is /: disk about
three inches in diameter. BY Il mirror
and prism arrangement anything TO-
cuSed on the disk is revealed on Il plate
inside the boat. The disk can be ro-
tated in all directions. Usually it is
only necessary to elevate the disk a
few feet above water to get Il view of
the surrounding waters.
Above water the boat is usually driv.
en- by gasoline power, with II supple.
mentary electrical power for use under
sea. Some If the very largest sulma,
rines can go 1000 miles on the sur.
face. Their speed ranges as high as
eighteen knots al hour, as great speed
as many battleships are capable OF