davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
TaÌˆgliches Cincinnatier volksblatt. [volume] (Cincinnati [Ohio]) 1885-1919, 1914-01-21

Der : D bes frans0iifaen &c,
nerols ptcquurt bringt bic 0repfub.
4naeieqerbeit in Grinnerunq uno iie
neroient. auF1efriiht 3u perbea, ni4t
10 iebr tpeQen Der Berionli5teit oes
ylunnes oon Der 5eufelsiniel, Der teir
beienoers ipmpatbif6er &aratter lit,
fonoern lpeqeu Der AuftIGrunq, bic lie
nber oas bureautrattihe Snitem bietet,
I'm Der lanqen 2eit, bic felt benz gr.
eiantB Derflofien lit unb cine abaetldrts
8eurtheilurq ueitattet, 1T Iber aQem
3tpeifel feitqeitellt, pab bic 8erbaftuna
unp 8erurtheiluna oes 0renfuB niht
aus perfonliher 8ebGffiqteit erfolat
ift. fonoern auf @runo zines sSrr.
tbums, DaB aber bic fran3ofifhen 8u.
reuutrdten na6 Der Irt alIer gureau=
traten ben sFrrtbum niht einaeiteben
fpollteu. nadosm er tlar 3u 9aee Lao
uno itatt oeffen al ulerlei 0erbreden
ariffen. I'm bic Wabrbeit su unterz
briiten. BicQuarts orobes 8ernisnfi
mar es. oab er ben boben fittLifen
Wautb befab. Der 8ureautratie entaez
densutreten, Der er felbit anaebDrte
unb fir bic Wabrheit einsuiteben, be.
rem 5riumph er aud erlebte unb ebenfo
befriebiaenb lit Is. bdh ibm ihiieBlif
Der Derbiente 2ohH authsiI purbs.
TaÌˆgliches Cincinnatier volksblatt. [volume] (Cincinnati [Ohio]) 1885-1919, 1914-01-21
Der 8reuBenbunb beitebt

Ter 8reuBenbuno beItehs
aus Meuiben, lpslfe Der anii6t bull
bisen, bab Die 9eutihen auBer9dlb
greubens minosrpertbig iino. Die
preuBii6e Resierung bat 81 bduftl
burh ibre Sanblungen oteier glnIiht
eine gentle StiiBe oerIieben uno Tam
bus ni9t fortieBen, obne Die oeutihs
Tinigteit 8u gefdbroen, Sir ben uns
parteiiI6en Seobahter beitebt tetn
3peifeI, oaB bic pdbre oeutIde Sc
finnunq bebeutenb itGrter in Glib
feutihIuno oertreten 1T, ais in preus
ZEN, bas in ieinen Resierun8smes
tbpoen on Hublano erinnert.
TaÌˆgliches Cincinnatier volksblatt. [volume] (Cincinnati [Ohio]) 1885-1919, 1914-01-21

Can Francisco bat iebt Elm
efaAr Grfobrung nit muntatpalen
StraBenbabnen hirtsr ii6. gu oieIem
UnternehmeH Duroe bic StQot
bur6 Die gntbuQun9en Iber bic fiird-
terlI6e aorruptipn untsr benz
S6miotifen Reoime qe2punqen. Die
Strafenbahn. bic erDDrben purOe.
bat cine Gdnqe bon iieben Metlen uno
bat Der Stabt sinen ReinQeninn BON
1886 900 Qebraf,t. Gurh bteies Bel
ipiel srmuthiat, Iie1t Die 4bftt Dor,
bier lueitCre StraBenbd6nlinien, bertn
sfreIbriefe a6Qelaufen itno, in getris5
al nebmen. 9aB oieies Experiment
ith 10 out 6epdhrt bat, pirD oamit ers
Hart, bah Die Bombs fat ausI6ricb.
lid BEL tleinsn Qeuten unterqe6rutt
tpuroen. Die Elm perIDnli1es SntereTe
an Dem 8etriebe uno Der 8ernaltunq
nehmen. reip oas gerIonal iiberpoe
den. OAR San Francizcp, oos i'm
ttefiten Sumpf Der &orruption uez
ftett bat. es fertia bringt, cine Stra.
Renbabn QeitGftsmGBig au bstreiben,
tit fe6r ermutbigenb.
The Grangeville globe. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho) 1907-1922, 1914-02-26
SOME CLOVER PATCH.

Senator II. e. Sweet, who has be-
come a confirmed agriculturist, was
in town last Friday from his ranch
north of town for the first time in
weeks. Hi. is working himself down
to a shadow, and frankly admits that
he is now leading a more strenuous
life than he did last winter during
the legislative term at Boise, but he
says he can tell a good deal better
where he is at, and how his labors
are going to result than he could
while on the law making bureau
When it comes to clover raising Hi
is almost a clover king. He has in
some 200 acres of red clover and al
falfa and says it is doing fine. That
is some patch-the most we know OF
in this section. Now If he could
get out with a tin pan and hive the
political bees that are swarming
around over the state at this time
to feed on the clover blossoms, Cam
as Prairie, with the impetus that has
been given the dairying industry late
ly, would truly become "a LAND
flowing with milk and honey"
The Grangeville globe. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho) 1907-1922, 1914-02-26
FIREMAN'S BALL.

The fireman's ball held lat Fri
day night at the Schmadeka hall,
was one of the leading dance events
of the season. There was large
attendance and they kept pretty late
hours. The gross receipts for the
firemen were something like $120,
leaving them 500 in the clear, while
the ladies of the Episcopal guild who
conducted an eating department at
one end of the hall, did equally we'll
in proportion.
The Grangeville globe. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho) 1907-1922, 1914-02-26
PROPERTY CHANGING HANDS.

Walter Hickerson this week trad
ed the stone buildings on west Main
street, the one occupied by the county
jail and sheriff's office and the other
the adjoining corner building, to c..
Rowland, of Sunniside, Wash, for a
295 acre ranch near Washtuckna, Wn.
The ranch is all tillable, has a ten
room house, barn, well and wind
mill that cost $4,000, and 21O acres
in wheat, part of which goes in the
deal. Walter is well pleased with
his trade. What the new owner is
figuring on doing with the local pro
perty is not known, but there is
possibly something in the air.
w. F. Schmadeka this week traded
his interest in the business corner
lots where he had his old stand, the
new brick block diagonally across the
street therefrom, and all of his city
lots, to H. J. Minton, the Seattle
spCculator who is in town looking
after the Allen block and other hold
ings. In the deal Mr.. Schmadeka
took a quarter section of wheat land
in Adams county, Washington, four
teen lots in Lake Chelan and a store
room and warehouse in Moscow.
There are a number of other deals
now in process of completion, which
may be ready for announcement next
week. All of which goes to encour-
age the belief that things are bright
ening up some.
The Grangeville globe. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho) 1907-1922, 1914-02-26

aVahaoie for road and trail work in
the mountain country. The deem
Diack and very fertile loan soil of
Camas Prairie is a very different and
much more expensive material for
roao"oFk than the soil Of the sage
prush counties, where the dust blows
an nour or so after a heavy rain If
eakes good soil to make good mud
ana We certainly have the soil and
tne mud on this Camas prairie coun.
try.
In order to maintain the vast ex.
pense OF mountain country in Idaho
county, We only have 147.055 acres
OF agricultural land, comprising a
1ew townships in the northwestern
part OF the county, and much of this
includes the Indian allotments of the
Nez Perce Indian reservation. which
land Is not taxable and contributes
nothing towards the expenses of
maintaining roads, schools and the
general maintenance of the county
government
The National Forests cover more
than half of the territory of Idaho
county Here are the official figures:
The Grangeville globe. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho) 1907-1922, 1914-02-26
COURT TERM
ENDED MONDAY
Important Road Cases De.
cided; Mead Taken To
Boise Penitentiary.

"uN6S otOOlc UTouSut lie llTSt leTm
Of his court for 1914 to a close Mon
day afternoon of this week and
wended his way Tuesday to Nez-
perce, where he will hold something
like ten days term
Adkinson-canfieId Sheep Case.
Tho case of Henry Addison VS..
Eva Garfield in which the plaintiff
sued for $4,000 as an accounting in
what was claimed to be a partner
ship transaction in a large sheep deal
created considerable interest. This
was case in equity, and Judge
Steele found in favor of the defend
ant. Attorney A. S. Hardy represent
ed the plaintiff and C. T. Mcdonald
and w. L. Campbell the defendant.
Zehner-Castle Road Case.
In the suit of Ben Zehner against
Levi Castle for the recovery of a
strip OF land occupied by the county
road which runs between the two
ranches, Judge Steele found in fav
or of the defendant, Castle, in ad
verse possession, the road having
been in use as a public thorough
fare for over twenty years.
Bickford Recovered 80 Acres.
James S. Bickford who, through
his attorneys A. S. Hardy and NJ
Reese Hattabaugh, sued the admin
istrator of the estate of his deceas-
ed wife who was given all the pro-
perty through a decree of divorce,
which included a 80 acre tract Of
fine agricultural land near Mt. Ida
ho which the plaintiff had inherited
from his mother, was successful in
his suit; Judge Steele restoring to
him the inherited land.
Road Through Old Timber Culture.
In the case of the Grangeville and
Mt. Idaho Highway Districts VS.. A.
V. Ball for the condemnation of right
of way through ferty acres of his
land Immediately north of Grange
vile, known as the Old Timber Cul-
ture Ranch, the suit prevailed and
the jury gave Ball damages to the
amount of $3.50. Hattabaugh and
Augur prosecuted the suit This
opens up a direct road from the
Bales & Jones ranch to town, avoid
ing several hills and hard grades and
will be of great value and conven-
ience to the farmers and travellers
from northeast of town.
Mead Taken to Boise Pen.
George Mead the nineteen year old
boy convicted of burglary in the sec
ond degree for entering the house
of Roy Bartlett near Keuterville, was
taken to Boise Monday to serve out
in the penitentiary an indeterminate
sentence of from six months to five
years for the offense. This left the
county Jail without prisoners until
Deputy Sheriff Webb returned this
week from Oregon with Harrison Rob
inett, who jumped his bail in 1910
while under charge of committing a
felony.
The Grangeville globe. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho) 1907-1922, 1914-02-26
CATTLE MALADY

DR.. H. J. Coggins left last night
to inspect the cattle on the Salmon
river. A strange malady has been
destroying cattle in large numbers
and DR.. Coggins has been commits
stoned by the state veterinarian to
go and investigate.-Ilo Register.
The Grangeville globe. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho) 1907-1922, 1914-02-26

Is the property which was under bond
at one time to Weis, the big operator
who lost his life In the forest fire at
Porcupine.
Jack Keenan, and VIII Harris, who
are working the South Fork, (the
old Espy mine) under a lease, have
sixty tons of splendid ore on the
dump ready for shipment.
Busy In the Dixie Camp.
Charlie Thompson who just re-
turned from the Dixie camp, says
things are certainly Frightening up
there. While no one knew what was
going to be done ON the Majestic, a
large boiler was being taken in for
that mine as he came out.
Lewis Larson owner of the l.. &
l.. property. Is now getting out some
fine free milling ore and hauling it
to his arrastre.
Jack Hayes and Mr.. Trader clean
ed up Is tons while he was in Dixie
which netted them 1-2 ounces of
gold to the ton. They are working
regularly.
W.demire has sunk a winZe on his
property in the Elk section and is
getting out a couple of carloads OF
ore valued at from 500 to $1,000 per
ton, which he will ship out, probably
using the parcels post to get it to
market.
Mark Perry. of the Elk Hotel, says
Mckinney bought out Buster Smiths
interest in the Buster mine last week
and will work that noted property.
Leased the GrangeviIIe Property.
A. c. Carpenter and Bob DUNLAP
have taken a lease on the Grange
vile property, owned by citizens Of
this place. They have nice body
of ore on the 100 foot level and are
now getting ready to start up the
mill. Mr.. Carpenter was out this
week completing arrangements fol-
their operations.
Two Deals at Grangeville.
The money is now in the bank here
ready to pay the purchase price fol
certain piece OF mining property
the name of which is Withheld al
this time for business reasons. The
purchasers are eastern parties and tn
deal is in the hands OF local man
who knows mines and mining.
1t is stated on good authority tha
the papers are now being prepared
by one of the local attorneys for the
bonding of the Dewey property sew
en- miles east of Grangeville on the
Clearwater river to the California
capitalists who recently had repre-
resentative here. The Dewey is one
of the very rich properties in this
section, and it is said by experts who
have examined the mine that it only
awaits the needed capital and guild
ing hand of an experienced operator
to become a remarkable producer
This transaction, If it should come
up to what it now promises, shoult
give added impetus to the already
awakening mining spirit which now
seems to be prevailing this section.
Hogan Mine to Start Up.
A dispatch sent out from Orogrand,
last, says "A letter has been re
ceived from Spokane stating that par
ties will soon be here to arrange foi
starting the mill at the Hogan mine
This is the largest milling plant ano
cyanide plant in Idaho county"
The Grangeville globe. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho) 1907-1922, 1914-02-26

include A. Gnu inuoh oi 'nis
Mo- D. "iio'iiienUS oi lhe
,ond l., 49,. e' "'ioi' Which
rothi anu ooh''lou'es
moirtai,,. 0ApenSes oi
oo., "Onooie anu 'ne
oovornnt 0e Vi 'ne county
M W,
thu 4.,s oo'el lnore
oo.. 'o'''O9 Vi luano
"'e 'no oiifoial ilsures'
Acres
NJ d.. '''''''''' 49, I'o'-fo
ranh. 49,. i''f''ooo
D.. l'ooo'''o
C,Sor. ~ 14o'9l'
'' Aif''oA
NJ. --
rt '''''' f'9l1'ooo
..,.,, u - All anu
"''ie' vi wagon
90 A0ou'
''--' ION arc 'o19 pun
r'''''''40 uui iAie me soou
-iie Vi ."e iieIs"t ioau
90 '''-,'''A po' 'ion o''' et'
80 ~ o'''Se '1eie "le Io' euiii-
IL 'iiii'Ae .ooii
- ~ piopei N"pe
Ai0
- '''''l' 0Aru ~ ""Son '0"u ~
on
Wv a. ',i's 'iliie W ei'e .nV Ali-'
u' e'-iO - ''li' III 'ii0 o'A'ei
'o' 0'' Ou' ~ N'u0' '0 quA'e
e
VI ''-e e''0 -
'o Nii'' a. - - INC main,
--i F''9'-' ''e ''''i
1-D 10 NA.' "
=,
VIC ''n0''io''" iie'i '''eu e0o'N' 'iiiN u
t'A' 49, ."
--''' 'No' A''''no '''0
.No' o"i' W 'ne Aoi oa' ~ eii"0' va
feo'od "r'niii i'S iiNiiO'' ou' "ioo -
S'''o "fu a. can 'e'9o-i " WV
-
eiet0u ioA on opp ~ -e. y.
ooo Will WHICH " ouiiu ifueo
"oio9s INC oaii'4oi 'fei a. ."e
VI -" Ai'0 "a" eeeA' Wv oD'0o'
" iuiiii'n ine ees anu eei o'e ~
oDA' t'iAe
'ne o''iii-on anu
coun'iy ~ i"nee Vi nio'4i't 't'.ii'
WHICH, iiees iihe q ""eoH
'"een 'ne'e '"o 81 ca ms VIM
iiiany iiiiiee arc oAi1' e
apai'' !" 10 uN'' .U' ~ =
canyons anu ene 'oihS u w 'ion VI
nave peen pio' iuoo' 'NA
d iapiuly eio" ine "'i
SoocA eio"ine 1oDH.'' T - o,,t
Se@Sone 10 unaDie ',s,
o"lns " hieh ""'e'
WHICH prev ehus 'ne opei ae'oN
ieiiles' i"e sO"'e
indny 'ho'''"nu0
tnaI resioh' tne value VI VIM
De einaiiceo W inu'n ,'Ao, 49,
Cost oi Tue oi'ueo' 0u'
sho"ine' anu 'ne Appo''' W "
atiVe ueleea'ion' Tue poaiu " 80, 80
COMMISSIONERS anu oui .,.'-
clup' we were uiiooie " :,
Vilal appfopi ia'ion W"
nahces WILL nol pei ni' no Aoop
pace VIII INC us'ie''iN
country IN a region SUCH "S oonip' 'oe9
the puik Oh ioano oou'' WV na
hlouiilsaiiis anu Ia i--D'' -, 80.
The Grangeville globe. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho) 1907-1922, 1914-02-26
COST OF ROADS
| IN OUR COUNTY
Parker Tells Why We Should
Handle Our Own Forest
Revnues.
Grangeville, Idaho, Feb. 20, IA


Dditor Salesman
Your editorial Of Feb. IL referring
10 my opposition to the apportion-
ment of funds from the National
Forests equally among the several
counties of the state calls for com
ment
A glance at the conditions exist
Inc in Idaho county will support my
contention that the forest revenues
bhould be disbursed solely in the
counties where the revenues originate.
Idaho county Is the largest county
In the state of Idaho and one of the
largest In the United States. 1t en-
braces an erea greater than that of
the combined states of Massachusetts,,
Rhode Island, Delaware and Con
necticut, with part of Vermont thrown
in. And 1t is hardly a figure of
speech to state that If the mountain
Gus portion of Idaho county were
spread out flat it would make a state
as large as the state of Texas
In this great county we have 81
school districts, some of them in re-
mote settlements with less than ten
scholars, where the hire OF teachers
s necessarily high. We also have
IS election precincts, of which about
a dr1en noIl loco tbop On votes pr+
no matter what the cost to the tax
payers of Idaho county, these school
districts and election precincts must
be maintained. The law requires
that each election precinct shall have
three judges and two clerks of elec.
ton, and constable, at 81 per day
each. Some of these precincts are
20 far away that even if a special
messenger is employed they are some
umes unable to get their election
returns to the county seat in the ten
days required by the law to begin
The official count, and it has hap
pened more than once that the votes
OF such precincts could not be in
GUIDED In the official count because
Of their non-arrival.
As further Illustration of the con
ditions: a homicide occurred at Thun-
Ger City in the southern part of
Idaho county on December 81, 1913
word OF the killing did not reach
our county officials until January %,
1914, and the parties did not arrive
IL Hrangeville until February 4, 1914.
IN the sage brush counties a county
Official can leave his county seat in
oulkboard after breakfasts, make the
eour OF his whole county and return
70 mis- county seat in time for dinner.
0ut In Idaho county trip over the
equity from north to south, or east
V west, involves many days of ar
uuous horseback riding. Our bound
ares run clear across the state from
oregon to Montana, and cover three
ueerees of latitude from north to
south.
compare for q moment Idaho coun-
The Grangeville globe. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho) 1907-1922, 1914-02-26

NA AUD county,
iuano countW Acres
.o'ai area, ..:... -. 1922, 400
neiDcuitural land, ......... 147,
-. -. 80 ,O2O, Az
ua county Acres:
.o'ai area, ............... 746, 800
iNuitural land, ......... 70,564
~, '.'..... .$9,lo ,5oI
ine reader can figure out the per
'en'ages of agricultural land 10 total
area and compare valuations to suit
A'lsed. We have In Idaho county
more than 5000 miles of roads and
"As 70 maintain. In 1912, prior to
enactment of the Highway Dis
Nie' law, out of each 500 of taxes
eoiiected, 29.O9 went to maintain
,oads and trails in Idaho county.
nere are the official figures:
noads and bridges, .$29. 90
g. ................. 21.S2
S'aee purposes, ........ 21.S2
oounty expense, ........ 20.O0
n
assumption fund, ............ 7.27
mere rs an annual expenditure of
nearly one third of our tax money
1pproprlated for road maintenance.
uo not think that any other half
e.eA counties in the state combined
eourse such a proportion of their
,s'enues for road purposes as we of
Idaho county.
~ 1913 the 13 Highway Districts
nized under the new law, col
'octed $30,39 for road work therein,
u these districts are confined ex-
ASiVeiy to the comparatively flat
0ountry of Camas Prairie, leaving
oiiiy $4,000 of direct tax money
The Grangeville globe. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho) 1907-1922, 1914-02-26

Continued on page -
The Grangeville globe. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho) 1907-1922, 1914-02-26
Hogan Mine to Start Up.

A dispatch sent out from Orogrande
last, says "A letter has been re-
ceived from Spokane stating that par
ties will soon be here to arrange for
starting the mill at the Hogan mine.
This is the largest milling plant and
cyanide plant in Idaho county"
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1914-12-25

Mrs. Dora M. Warner, of this county has
filed suit in the circuit court here for an
absolute divorce from John C. Warner.
charging desertion. She is represented by
Attorney John A. Garrett. According to
the bill, the couple were married in Wash
lnston March Ia, 1904, and lived together
until about three years ago, when the
plaintiff was deserted.
The Glee Club of Wooster (Ohio) Uni
versity will give a concert in the Neelsyille
Presbyterian Church January End at 7:3O
T. M. There are "a members in this club,
all very fine musicians, and they give a
most excellent concert. They are on a
tour OF the Eastern cities, and, through the
influence of the seven students at Wooster
from this county, this club consented to
stop off and give a concert. Here is a rare
opportunity and all who can, should en-
brace it.
Many Maryland farmers may receive a
Christmas present from the Federal Bureau
OF Animal Industry in the shape of a per-
NIT to ship their cattle to the city markets
without further restraint, to which they
have been subjected through the auaran-
tine against the foot-and- mouth disease.
This will be by means of a zone system.
At present there is not single case of
the cattle disease in the State. All in
fected stock has been slaughtered and
buried and the State sanitary officials are
hopeful that there will be no further out
breaks.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1914-12-25
SCHOOL PATRON.
In Memory Of John W. Whitesides.

take this method to publicly express
my sincere regrets and much sorrow to
know of the death of my friend, John W.
Whitesides, which occurred at Brookeville,
Md, on the 18th of December. Sunday last
Having been born and reared in the same
town, knew him from my earliest recol-
iections. In my boyhood and school days
he was kind and considerable; in my man
hood days, our relations were pleasant and
sincere; in our business relations, he was
my friend-indeed. pure, honest, honor
able. His entire seventy-two years we're
spent in his home town, where his noble
characteristics are known for the sacri-
fees he so cheerfully made for the sick,
the needy, and all that was necessary for
the upbuilding and progress of his town
and neighborhoOd. Though parted for some
years by quite a distance, yet it was my
privilege to visit my home town. and when
there always met him If possible and re-
ceived a welcome that was most cheering,
our last meeting being about six weeks
ago, he then being weighed down by the
hand of afIliction. which he spoke Of freely
but without a murmur.
He never married. preferring to live in
the home Of his family, where his m mis-
tratons were only those Of faithful and
loving son and brother, whose going out
will now be sadly and sorowfuly missed
by the last member. sister, whose years
are heavy upon her and the shadows Of
time fast passing away. Being a resident
of the town all her life. am sure the life
time ties of friends and neiehbors will be
more fully entwined about her now know
ing as they do, she stands alone.
May God be with her in her deep sorrow.
aiding her to overcome all the difficulties
and trials that she may encounter, is the
wish Of her distant friend. as well as that
of her brother, whom she now mourns the
lost Of.
December IS, 1914 W. X. J.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1914-12-25
Says Rural School Teaching Is
Wrong.

That there is tendency on the part of
people living in rural communities to per-
init city people to fix their ideals was the
complaint on Thursday of last week of
Prof J. f. Metzger, State Supervisor of
Agricultural Education. speaking at the
open session of the Maryland State Grange,
Baltimore. His topic was THE Country
School As a Community Builder"
Teaching in our country schools should
be in the terms of the child life" said the
speaker.
THE tendency in the past in our school
work has been to teach things that are far
removed from the place in which the reci-
tation is taking place. Our elementary
readers are full of glowing descriptions of
life and activities of the city, and these
have served to give country boys and girls
a false comparison; they have overesti
mated the opportunities of the one and
deprecated the other.
II need not remind you of the tendencies
of the times in the matter of styles and of
foodstuffs The garment designers of the
city change the styles each season and we.
as country people, accept their creations
as though it were necessity.
1.-THE boy or girl who becomes thoroughly
familiar with his own community its op-
portunities, its history. its organizations,
will in due time reach out and learn some
thing of the outside world Through com
parsons he will be able to fully appreciate
his own comforts and well being"