The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-09-06
A History of Modern Europe

It was a. good pinchbeck imitation of the first empire of his uncle. The press was muzzled and judicial proceedings were a farce.
 Like Tammany however, Napoleon III gave the people something for their money. His court to the unobservant ap- peared dazzling one. He brought the army to the fore and the people were treated to military spectacles. The the atre and opera were made to serve his purposes in keeping the people amused. Bread and the circus! He certainly gave ter of series of showy entertainments which were echoed in all classes of so- ciety. The Paris expositions were started. The Emperor spent money lavishly and his court initiated him. Paris became the center of the worlds gayety and fashion and has since remained as such.
 Garibaldi Becomes Popular Hero
 This will give the reader some idea of the man who gave such doubtful aid to the Italians struggling for freedom under the leadership of Charles Albert of Pied mont and Cavour Napoleon now per- ceived that he had not done a wise thing in giving that aid. He saw that If some of the peoples in the central Italian states who had deposed their rulers were com bined with Piedmont the latter might become 8 menace to France His fears were intensified when the states of Par ma, Roma gna, Modena and Tuscany vot- ed for annexation in 1860. This made reckoned with.
 About this time Savoy ard Nice were formally ceded to France, dn act which sorely tried the patriotism of one man who was soon to become popular hero, Joseph Garabaldi. He was a Nicean and as an Italian patriot had fled the country some years before to escape arrest. As far back as 1884 he had seen military service as 8 revolutionist. and when he fled he went to South America, where in Uruguay and southern Brazil he had taken part in several revolutions.
 He returned to Italy to take part in the affairs of 1S4s-49 and raised the eel ebrated '1egion" which performed such feats of valor in the defense of Rome from the French. When the revolution collapsed he escaped to America and visitors to Staten Island in New York bay can still see the building in which he earned a living as a candle maker. He could not long remain out of strife and he was soon back in Italy. In 1860 he headed an expedition of a thousand men and landed in Sicily, where the Nea- polftan king had 20 times as many troops. and by brilliant coup and plenty of fighting Garabaldi won the whole island to his cause. He took possession of Sici- ly in victor Emmanuel's name and then proceeded to attack Naples itself. He en- tered the kingdom at the heels of it's flying monarch.
 Rome was his next object but Napoleon had sent his troops there sometime be- fore at the popes request. Garibaldi had now become a problem to Cavour and the Piedmont King for he was likely to bring to them the opposition of Napoleon and Austria Cavour took hand. and with the tacit consent of Napoleon he sent an army against the papal forces and defeated them in Uinbra and the Marches, two<states which desired annex etion to Piedmont, leaving Rome itself untoucae6
 That fall all the central states of Italy decided by vote for annexation. Naples and Sicily also came in. The next spring