Evening star., 1914-07-15
AUSTR|A-HUNCARY| IS
ALAND Of CONTRASTS
Many Strange Sights to Interest the
Tourists in the Dual
Monarchy.
Mixed In Its Nationality and Ian
guage, There 1s No Less a Va
riety Of Religion.

Austria Hungary. toward which the
eyes Of tho world are now turned because
Of the recent assassination OF Archduke
Francis Ferdinand, heir to the throne OF
the dual monarchy. and his consort, the
Duchess Of Hohenberg. Is q land OF
strange contrast, according to a statement
issued by the National Geographic So
ciety.
'.In spite Of It's important position. both
geographically and politically, but few
people realize exactly what they mean
when they speak of Austria-Hungary,
and to many the words Austria and Hun
gary seem Interchangeable terms for the
same country" reads the statement.
What, then, ia Austria, what Is Hun
gary, and why are they always bracketed
together?
1.-The Austrian empire Is a constitution
al monarchy formed Of three kingdoms,
Bohemia, Galicia and Dalmatia, two
archduchies, Upper and LowerAustria, and
a collection Of duchies, countships and
margraves of princely rank, all Of them
united in the person of the Emperor
Francis Joseph. The adjacent and en-
tirely Independent kingdom of Hungary,
in addition to Hungary proper, includes
Croatia, Slavonia and Pennsylvania
countries formerly independent but now,
through intermarriage, conquest and in
heritance. all possessions Of the apostolic
King of Hungary. who happens by a
of the empire of Austria
The possession OF unifying link in the
person Of their common ruler has led to
the ausgleish or compromise whereby
the two countries, for mutual convenience,
have agreed to join forces in maintaining
Joint diplomatic and naval and military
services. Beyond this the two countries
are entirely Independent, each having its
own constitution. legislature and admins
tration.
Three Great Ethnic Stocks.
NO country in Europe, except only
Hungary. contains within its borders SO
Austrian empire. Each of the three great
ethnio stocks OF Europe is represented
the Latin. the German and the Slav,
with the latter predominating, as to 1t
belong 100000 out of the 26OO0.000 peo-
pie inhabiting the empire. The Hunga-
rian. or more properly, the Magyar, is
perhaps the keenest patriot in Europe.
and he manifests his enthusiasm by seek
ing to impose his language and customs
upon his Slavonic fellow-citizens with a
persistence that neither opposition nor
passive resistance can diminish.
"In these lands. so mixed in nationality
and language there is no less a variety
Of religion. Roman Catholics preponder-
ate, but Greek orthodox, uniat Greeks.
Lutherans. Calvinists. Jews and even Ar
menian Gregorians are found within their
borders The customs union between Aus
tria and Hungary has rendered these
countries a commercial unit. but. roughly
speaking, Hungary Is the agricultural ard
pastoral country. while Austria is In
dustrial. Hungary is also the richest
country in Europe in mineral deposits,
the range Of which is singularly wide.
Austria is after Switzerland. the most
mountainous region in Europe, more than
four-fifths Of her vast territory being
over 600 feet above sea level
Mountain Climbing Popular Game.
Mountain climbing is the great national
game like base ball in the United States
Old. young. middle-aged. all take a keen
interest in it. Even Emperor Francis
Joseph is an enthusiastic mountaineer at
more than eighty years of age. In his
4ime he has scaled most Of the great
peaks of his country.
s.Vienna, the imperial city. the capital
of Austria, owns her own electric and
gas light street railways and omnibuses
ice-manufacturing plant, warehouses.
stockyards, brewery. wine cellar. all the
pawnshops and even the undertaking es-
adjustments. Budapest, the capital of
Hungary. formerly two cities, Buda and
Pest, is Paris. Vienna and London In one.
a combination of the gayeties Of the cap
itals of the world. with little distinctive
Hungarian paprika spice thrown in.
Even in the remotest corners of Aus
tria-hungary the strong arm of the law
il ever present. the river stretches and
the back country being policed by a
H. h,,la