The diamond drill. (Crystal Falls, Iron County, Mich.) 1887-1996, 1914-09-19
THE TROLLEY CAR.
How the Electric Current Moves
II Along the Rails.
ITS MOTORS AND MECHANISM.

the Method by Which the Mysterious
Force 10 Conducted From the Over
head Wire 70 the Running Gear.
or all the thousands and thousands
OF people who daily ride upon the cleo
trio street cars OF our cities-and a
good many millions more than twelve
billions OF individuals paid a fare on
the trolley lines OF our country last
year-only a few understand what
hauls the cars along the rails.
Ii is easy enough to understand the
steam railroad system. A steam en-
CINE, mounted on wheels, is hitched TO
q number OF cars. The steam engine
part OF the locomotive is coupled TO the
driving wheels, and when the engine is
started the wheels urn and the train
moves.
But the electric street car is quite
another thing and vastly harder to un-
derstand. In a vague way the vast ma
Jority OF people who ride know that II
is driven by electric power which is
carried in some mysterious manner on
the trolley wires.
Let us take a car apart, dguratlyely
speaking, and see just how 1t Is made.
Beneath the ordinary street car you
will find two 10 four powerful electric
motors geared directly to the axles OF
the car trucks.
These motors differ somewhat from
ordinary electric motors in their de-
sign. but they operate exactly the same
as the electric motor which drives an
office fan. the sewing machine or the
acuum cleaner In the home. These
motors are very powerful and are al
most completely hidden from sight In
the trucks beneath the car.
The electrical energy for driving the
street cars is sent out over the trolley
wires. The electrical power is generat-
ed, or made, In the central power
house. or 1t may be transmitted from
some nearby water power development
where the energy Of the falling water
IS changed into electricity. The troll
ley wire is suspended above the street
from poles and guy wires.
The electricity is kept on the trolley
wires by suitable insulators OF glass,
porcelain or composition, over which
the current cannot travel. The cleo
trical current flows easily and smooth
ly along the trolley wire, like water in
a pipe. although II cannot be seen.
Wherever the copper wire extends
the electrical power flows and Is al
ways ready to drive a trolley car.
Each trolley car is provided with a
trolley wheel at the end OF the pole
which runs along the under side OF the
trolley wire. The electrical power
from the trolley wire flows through
this wheel and down the trolley pole
TO a heavily insulated cable concealed
in the top OF the car. This cable carries
the electricity to the controller" in
front OF the ear.
The controller is the iron box which
stands I'm front OF the motorman. At
the top OF this box are two levers.
The smaller lever is used TO turn on
and of the current supply and the
larger IS used 10 control the current.
or 10 feed" it TO the motors beneath
the car in any quantity as desired.
When the motorman turns the con
troller handle a few notches n certain
amount Of electricity Is allowed TO
flow from the overhead trolley wire
down the pole, through the cable and
control box 70 the motors beneath the
car. The current starts the motors,
which In turn cause the wheels OF the
car to revolve, the car starts and the
motOrman turns the controller handle
further. feeding the motors more cur
rent, and the car picks up TO It's regu-
lar running speed.
The electrical current flows to the
car over the trolley wire. After It
flows through the car. via the cables,
through the controller, the resistance
and the motors. Il flows out of the car
through the iron wheels ana back 10
the power house along the steel rails,
thus completing the circuit Electrical
News.