New Britain herald., 1914-07-22
FINDS IN CAVES OF
 ANCIENT PUEBlOS
Ceremonial Cigarettes Discovered l:
 Were Used n Native Worship.

Washington, July 22.-In a report on the Museum-Gates expedition. which investigated the culture of the ancient pueblos of the upper Gila river region of New Mexico and Arizona, pr. Walter. Hough of the United States National Museum states that among thousands of interesting and valuable objects pertaining to the lives of the early inhabitants many dried vegetables, fruits and other perishable articles were found as well as desiccated turkey.
 In cave which formed the rear chamber of a row of ruined stone abodes on the banks of the Tularosa river, a tributary of the San Fran cisco river, the explorers found such material representative of the doncs- tic life of the ancient dwellers. Upon excavation this cave room yielded it's treasures in sections, it were, diff ferent depths offering distinctly marked periods of occupation.
 Brush of Grass Stems.
 Among the objects of importance was brush made of grass stems bound in a round bundle similar to those in use by the Pueblo Indians of today. During the habitation of this cave four burials had been made at different times, shown by the dif- ferent levels from which the digging had been begun. In one corner near a rock mass some small bows and arrows and other offerings were un- earthed, indicating the location of ap ancient shrine.
 From the rubbish and debris the remains of several mammals and birds were identified; among them deer, pronghorn, bison. woodchuck, mice, rats, muskrats, rabbits, lynx, fox. skunk, bear, hawk, an adult turkey, chicks and eggs and many feathers of other birds. all of which occupied the cave at one time or another or were killed and stored there by the early Indians.
 Pueblos Raised Turkeys.
 From early historical reports it has been understood that the Pueblos raised turkeys, but the discovery of this desiccated adult and chicks proves concIusively that turkeys were kept in captivity, probably for their fea- thers, which were used in the man. ufacture of native garments.
 Ears and scattered grains of corn of smooth and short grain, in ytl- low corn, blue and carmine, but much faded with aging, were also found, as well as the remains and seeds of gourds, squashes, beans, other vege- tables and fruits and nuts.
 Rude Pottery Found.
 In the Tularosa Cave there was pottery of a rude form, while from several large open air pueblos exam pies of very fine finish and orna- mentatior were collected. The de- signs on the bowls commonly con sist of four elements based on the world quarters, the bottom usually being circular and blank. Other de- signs are of combined matched and solid color, or of checkered var iety. Many small collections of pot. tery were found in caves and springs where they had been deposited as offerings.
 In the religion of these early in- habitants the bird had an especial significance and is found in nearly all their ceremonies appearing as solid image in pottery and carving, depicted on surfaces a fetish, but more frequently us plumaBe IS usea in one way or another.
 Many Ceremonial Cigarettes.
 Interesting finds at Bear Creek Cave were a number of ceremonial cigarettes; a symbolic form of in- cense offering made of hollow reeds stuffed with aromatic herbs which burned with pleasing odor. In a great sacred cave on Blue River were found bows, arrows, painted rods, baskets, miniature pottery, cig- arettes, cotton cloth, beads, painted tablets. etc., deposited in pit shrines on the floor of the cavern. These were objects offered to the supernat- Iral beings and show the extremely character of the ancient native worship. Much of the ter 'itory covered by the report has never )een scientifically explored before