davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1914-11-13
Eauor Lahor union Rank.

Resolutions approving central labor
union bank in Indianapolis and author
izing the appointment of committee
to confer with representatives of other
national labor organizations for work
ing out the details of the plan We're
adopted in convention at Peoria recent
ly by the international Association of
Bridge and Structural iron Work
ers. Twenty seven labor organizations
maintain headquarters in indianapolis.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1914-11-13
Poor Place to Fall Out.

Through his megaphone one aviator
shouted to another:
Rise out Of my level, or, by the
great
"All right, all right" shouted the
other aviator. elevating his plane in.
stanter we don't want to fall out
here, do we?" Philadelphia Bulletin.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1914-11-13
sessssesssesssssses
THE LIVING WAGE.

AS we understand it, the objec-
tive of the trade union move ,
ment is the establishment of
living wage, and while each un- I
ion legislates for itself under the
trade autonomy doctrine that I
prevails in the American fedora
ton of labor. we do not under I
stand that any unions object to
any workman earning more than
the minimum wage, providing he
is compensated in the same pro-
portion of work as in the mini
mum wage. Trade unionism as
we understand it does not hold
down the individual who has
greatest ability, but on the con
trary, gives him greater oppor-
tunity by preventing him from
being dragged down by the less
able and less fortunate
1t is a fact that cannot be dis
puted that many of the best or
ganized trades have thousands
Of members receiving above the
union rate. the union rate prac-
tically being a minimum wage or
living wage. Surely this is
not a deaden;ng of individual op-
portunity or a reduction of the
ablest workmen to the dead level
of the lowest. Shoe Workers
Journal
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1914-11-13

Holland is famed for its bulb grow
ers. and Harlem Is Il specialized horti-
cultural nursery for all Europe and the
United States. The tulip. of course, is
the typical bulb, the symbol Of this
amazing Dutch industry and a stand
ard of value rs wheat is the agricul-
fural barometer and pig iron the in
dustrial Indicator The Dutch growers
produce 1000 varieties of tulips. They
sell ST 100000 worth Of bulbs to the
United States every year.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1914-11-13
Safety Matches.

did you know that there has been a
eugenic marriage act in force in Swe.
den for years and years.?
81 don't believe it.
Sure. They are the pioneers in the
safety match business In that coun.
try London Telegraph
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1914-11-13

The widow Gilroy had just told a
friend of her engagement,
But, my dear Margaret said the
friend you don't really mean to tell
me that you intend marrying a man
you've only known for three weeksY'
"Oh, yes" replied the young widow
Il can easily overcome that objection
in time. | hope to know him tolerably
well after we have been married a cou-
pie of years Philadelphia Record.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1914-11-13
The Differ ance.

There is this difference between a
watch and business that you wind up
The first to make 1t go and that you
wind up the second to make it stop
Philadelphia Ledger.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1914-11-13
lInionism In Norway,

The number of workers eligible for
organization in Norway last year was
259. 125. Of which total about 80 per
cent are now organized.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1914-11-13

Resolve to lie thyself and know that
he who finds himself loses his misery.
Matthew Arnold,
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1914-11-13

ing mas never hern satisfactory ctear
ed up. London Strand
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1914-11-13

No good book or good thing of any
sort shows its best face at first. Car
lyle.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-05-23
WHO'S WHO IN POULTRY
Series of Articles in Which Enthusiasts Describe the Fowls
They Raise and Tell Why They Like Them.
NO. so-THE SILVER oAMpINE.

but how about marketing your sur
plus cockereis?"
In answer to this, wish to say,
the true test of the table value of any
bird is the percentage of meat that it
will yield, and not its mere weight.
The ideal table bird then must be
small and fine in bone and must be
trinity built, with a frame suitable
for carrying lot of breast meat. A
pheasant will yield nearly three-quar-
ters as much meat as the ordinary
fowl, which has double its weight.
The excellence of the Campine as a
table fowl lies in the fact that it
yields as high a percentage as any
other variety. and in many cases
much more. The young stock ma
lures very quickly, especially the
cockerels, and this enables the COM
mercial plant to market them early,
as they are as plumb as partridges,
especially when the chicks are from
eight to ten weeks old. Again, the
pullets mature just as quickly in pro-
portion, and begin to lay, if properly
raised and cared for, at eighteen to
twenty-five weeks old. had this
season over $50 pullets begin laying at
the age of eighteen and twenty weeks.
Everyone will admit that every egg
means money. When you take into
consideration that they begin to lay
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-05-23
PRACTICAL LESSONS IN POULTRY KEEPING

Fowls are liable to be affected by
a considerable number of diseases,
some of which spread rapidly through
the flock and kill large part of the
birds. They may also be infested by
various kinds of parasites, some of
which live on the surface Of the body
and others in the crop, stomach or
intestines. These parasites are in
furious, because they take a part of
the nourishment which should be
used by the bird to put on flesh or to
produce eggs, and also because by
their movements and by their biting
they cause irritation and infiamma-
ton of the parts which they attack.
The contagious diseases which are
caused by animal and vegetable
germs and the weakness and loss of
flesh caused by the larger parasites, to
which reference has just been made,
are the most important conditions
which the poultryman has to consider
In the endeavor to keep his birds in
a healthy condition. These germs
and parasites should be kept out of
the flock by suitable preventive
measures, because disease may be
avoided in this way much more
easily and cheaply than 1t can be
cured. The aim in studying the dis
eases of birds is, therefore, to learn
how to prevent such diseases, rather
than how to cure them.
Killing Sick Birds.
There are some cases In which med
icines may be advantageously given
or applied to fowls, but as a rule
when a bird becomes sick 1t Is better
to kill it, because the cost of the med
icine and the value of the time re-
quired to carry out the treatment are
greater than the value of the birds
which are cured. Another reason for
killing sick birds is that they may be
affected by contagious disease
which before it is recognized may
spread to many other birds in the
flock. A third reason for killing is
the fact that bird being sick indi-
Gates that 1t is more susceptible to
disease than the other birds of the
flock, and in order to establish a
flock which Is able to resist disease
such susceptible birds must be weeded
out.
The greater the number of birds
which are kept upon any farm or plot
of ground, and the more they are
crowded together, the~greater is the
danger from contagion and parasites,
and the more important are the meas
ures for excluding, Graduating and
preventing the development of these
causes of disease
How to Prevent Diseases.
1t is very important to start right
and begin the flock with birds which
are free from contagion and para
sites, and to put such birds upon
ground which is likewise free from
these causes of disease.
The best way to accomplish this is
to get eggs from flock which has
shown no indications of contagious
disease for at least a year; avoid put
ting these eggs in any packing such
as chaff, oats or cut straw, which
may be musty or moldy; wipe the
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-05-23

June is about the last month in
which to sow seeds Of the ANNALS for
this seasons bloom. If a few plant
ings are made now in succession, one
may have a continual profusion of
beautiful bloom until after frost
OF course, it lis very important
matter to keep the flowers cut. In
fact, they must be removed every day
or so, otherwise, If allowed to form
seed, their life's work will be COM
pleted. and then they perish imme-
diately.
Another thing to do is to prick out
all the weaker seedlings. encouraging
only the stronger and stockier ones.
Transplant them once or twice and
keep them going. Take up plenty of
soil with the roots and give them
plenty of room. Nip off the tops and
encourage only sturdy healthy and
vigorous growths and the best and
largest flowers.
Liquid fertilizer, frequent spraying
with insecticides. as the case may re-
quire, viii keep them healthy and
rugged. Especially is this true with
all of the asters that are attacked
both in their fibrons roots and bulbs,
and also their foliage and flowers.
No other flower is more generally
beautiful than the aster. Start with
the China asters-dwarf and tall
comet, and tall varieties. including
the branching sorts Certainly they
rival the chrysanthemums-and that
Is saying a great deal Another coup
let of very excellent qualities is their
lasting long after frosts, and their
long keeping qualities as a cut flower.
They come in most exquisite shapes
and in every conceivable combination
of formation and color-tintings i'm
aginable 1 dwell upon the asters
first because they are so very lovely
and useful
There is mignonette, too. Sow seeds
OF dwarf and tall varieties and en-
courage the seedlings where they
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-05-23

legs. head downward, SO that the
feathers viii loosen up and fall away
from the body, and then the powder
Is busted thoroughly through the
feathers, especially under the tail and
wings, and about the neck and head.
BY rubbing the feathers slightly with
the hand the powder will penetrate
and form a coating over the skin,
which Is destructive to both lice and
mites.
1t is possible and practicable to
keep a flock of poultry absolutely free
from lice and mites, and this should
be the aim Of every one who is en-
deaYoring to establish a successful
poultry industry.
Disinfectants and Their Application.
Good disinfectants destroy the
germs of contagious diseases, the
external parasites, such as lice and
mites, and the embryos Of the intes-
final worms. They should be thor
oughly applied to the interior of the
houses, worked into all the cracks
and crevices spread over the ceiling
and the floor, the roosts, dropping
boards and nest boxes. At the same
time the feeding and drinking
troughs should be disinfected by
pouring boiling water into them and
afterwards drying them In the sun.
Inc disinfectants are most easily ap-
piled to the walls and ceilings with a
spray pump or brush. AS it is diff
cult to keep them from coming into
contact with the face and hands, the
more harmless of these mixtures
should generally be used Ordinarily
lime wash made from freshly slaked
lime Is excellent, and its properties
are well known to all. In the case
of an actual outbreak of virulent dis
ease 1t Is well to add to the lime wash
SIX ounces of crude carbolic acid to
each gallon to increase its activity
as a disinfectant
The kerosene emulsion, which is
frequently used to destroy lice and
mites, may readily be converted into
disinfectant. To make the emulsion
shave half a pound of hard laundry
soap into half a gallon of soft water
and boil the mixture until all of the
soap is dissolved; then remove it to
safe distance from the fire and stir
into it at once, while still hot, two
gallons of kerosene oil. This makes
a thick, creamy emulsion, or stock
mixture. When ii Is to be used for
killing lice in the houses part of this
emulsion is mixed with ten parts of
water When it is to be used as a
disinfectant add one quart of emul-
sion to ten quarts Of water and stir
well; then add one pint crude car
boilc acid or crude cresol and again
stir until all is well mixed
One of the best disinfectants is the
compound solution of cresol. which
may be purchased ready for use It
contains 81 per cent. of cresol. and
one pint of it added to ten quarts of
water makes a solution of the proper
strength to apply to the houses or
to spray over the ground. A 5 per
cent. solution of carbolic acid Zone
pint carbolic acid to ten quarts of
waterl is about equally efffcacious.
The choice between the two is a mat
ter of convenience.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-05-23

start, because they are very sensitive
planting. Give them plenty Of liquid
fertilizer and keep cut
OF course, you will not forget the
fragrant sweet allysum and the sweet
eandytuft in pink, white and violet
Portulaca viii not terminate until
the soil is warm, in June, as a rule
Sow the fine, silvery seed of the
double kind and press it into the
surface of the soil. Scatter it with
caution, as it spreads rapidly and
needs much room. The flowers look
like little roses, they are so very
pretty and open. like most pretty
flowers, only in the sunlight
Petunias, single and double. are
exceedingly fragrant toward evening.
and are exquisite In the newer and
fancy varieties. Nerbena's lovely
fiat-topped trusses, of every bright
or full color. are very fine. and make
excellent cut flowers that last in
defnite4y Then there are assorted
aired and lovely, all flower, inside
and out. And there are the red,
white, pink and blue lafkspurs and
the snapdragon and the balsams, too,
to consider Calenduia, eenturea.
narigold French and African mas
turtium. dwarf, climbing and yari-
gated foliaged varieties are grand.
Above ell, SOW pansy seeds Get
the best seeds on the market. and
SOW them in rows or cast them in
beds. Sow some assorted mixtures
and some beds of true colors that
may please You best.
The ten-weels' stocks, and the
starred sort, too, are admirable, to-
gether with the China and Japan
pinks. and the red. white and blue
co1unbines that have been widely
discussed for our national floral EN-
blem. Others worth growing are
Marguerite carnation, mourning bride
and zinnia.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-05-23

tioally free from disease germs and
parasites, but In order to keep Ii in
this condition the premises must be
frequently cleaned and occasionally
disinfected. There are a number of
reasons for this. First, there are GER
tain germs generally present in the
intestines of healthy fowls and that
are scattered with the manure,
which, when they are permitted to
accumulate and become very numer-
Gus, may cause outbreaks of disease;
secondly, the germs of contagious
diseases may be brought to the poul-
try yard by pigeons or other birds
which fly from one poultry yard to
another, or by mice or rats; thirdly.
II is seldom that grounds are OBJ
tanned for the poultry yard which
are entirelJ free from infection with
the eggs of parasitic worms and the
spores of disease-producing microbes.
To keep these germs and parasites
from developing and increasing their
numbers to a dangerous extent, the
houses should be kept clean, the
drinking fountains and feed troughs
should be washed every day or two
with boiling water or other disin-
fectant, and if any lice or mites are
found on the birds or in their houses
the roosts and adjoining parts of the
walls should be painted with mix
ture of kerosene-one quart, and
crude carbolic acid and crude cresol,
one teacupful Zone glib. Or the
house may be whitewashed with
freshly slaked lime or sprayed with
kerosene emulsion. The fowls should
be busted every three or four days
with lice powder until these parasites
entirely disappear, which should be
within two weeks, If these measures
are properly applied.
Lice Powders and Their Application.
Very good lice powder may be made
at little cost by mixing fine road dust,
two quarts, and tobacco DUST one
pint. In place of road dust anthracite
coal ashes well sifted may be used,
and Persian insect powder or flowers
of sulphur may be substituted for
the tobacco dust. The important
point is that all the ingredients
should be in the form of a very fine
| dust
| A powder much recommended Is
made by mixing three parts gasoline
and one part crude carbolic acid, go
to 95 per cent. pure,) and adding to
| this mixture slowly, while stirring.
enough plaster of paris to take up all
the moisture. 1t takes about four
quarts of plaster of paris to one
quart of the liquid. When enough
| plaster is added the mixture should
| form a dry, browhish powder. Those
who make this powder should re-
member that gasoline is very inflam-
mable and may cause an explosion If
there is any fire near; also that crude
carbolic acid of this strength may
| burn the hands, face, or eyes, If it
comes in contact with them.
| Lice powders are best applied by
putting them into thin can having a
perforated top like a pepper box, but
with larger holes. A newspaper is
spread on the floor to catch the sur
| plus powder, the fowl is held by the
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-05-23
NO. s.-DIsEAsE rnEvENrIoN AND PARASITES

eggs with cloth wet In 20 to 80 per
cent. alcohol, and hatch them in a
new or thoroughly cleaned incubator.
The young chicks should be free from
parasites and Injurious germs of all
kinds, and, to keep them in this
condition, they should be put in new
or clean brooders and permitted to
run only upon ground where poultry
has not previously been kept or
Which has not been used for poultry
for several years.
Sometimes these directions cannot
be followed in all respects. If all the
available ground has been recently
used for poultry, the fowls should be
removed from that part which is to
be used for the new flock, a good
coating of freshly slaked lime should
be applied to the entire surface of
the ground and a few days later 1t
should be plowed. 1t may now be
cultivated three or four times with
intervals of week and finally
sowed with oats, rye or other grain.
In a few months the greater part of
the germs will be destroyed, but 1t
is best to leave the ground unoccu-
pied by fowls until a winter has
passed, as the freezing and thawing
of fall and spring is more effective
than either continued cold or warm
weather.
Starting with Clean Flock.
II the eggs must be Matched under
hens instead of in the incubator, the
problem of starting a clean flock is
much more difficult. Hens are liable
to harbor parasitic worms in their IN
testines and to scatter the eggs of
these worms with their manure
wherever they go. They generally
have lice and mites hidden in their
feathers, which pass to the young
chicks Immediately after the latter
are Matched; and they may be the
carriers of disease germs even when
they appear perfectly healthy. Fol
these reasons the hens which are
used for Matching should be selected
from a flock that is known to have
been free from other diseases than
those caused by accidents for al
least a year, and the individual birds
of which are lively, vigorous, free
from lice and mites, and producing g
large number of eggs.
The hens selected for Matching
should be we'll busted with a good
lice powder before they are given e
setting of eggs; their nests should BIZ
perfectly clean and should be made
with fresh, soft hay or straw; and
there should be a box of road dusi
or sifted hard coal ashes or similar
substance under cover, where they
can dust themselves whenever they
come from the nest. When the young
chicks are taken from the nest they
should be carefully examined for lice
These parasites usually accumulate
under the throat and upon the tor
and back of the head. If any are
found, rub a little sweet oil, purt
lard or vaseline with the finger ovel
the parts where the lice are. Thi:
kills the lice by obstructing theil
breathing pores and does not harm
the chicks.
BY beginning in this manner &
flock may be obtained which is prac-
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-05-23

In developing the low lands for
farm purposes-and such lands in
certain sections of New Jersey are
now the most Embellishments
sums of money have been spent in the
drainage. Too frequently a valu-
able tile drain is ruined by leaving
the mouth of the tile unprotected. In
such case the end tiles wash out;
cattle tramp in the ditch; small ami
mails build their nests up the tile; the
outlet fills up and crops drown out
Such O great loss can be prevented
by a small outlay of time and money
in building concrete bulkhead or re-
tanning wall to protect the tile outlet.
The straight retaining wall Is a
type which is often built where the
open ditch begins at the end of the
string of tile. However, most tie
drains empty through the earthen
side bank of the stream. Under these
conditions a better design is a re-
tanning wall consisting of a head and
wing walls as shown in the illustra-
ton.
For building retaining walls. choose
a dry time of year, when there is lit
tie or no water in the open branch.
Consider, for instance, tile empty
Ding into ditch six inches above
stream bottom and three and one
half feet below the level of the ditch
bank. Plan the bulkhead with a five
foot length of headwall and two
wings three and one-half feet long.
Slightly back in the bank, dig the
foundation trench twelve inches wide
and extend it two feet below the bot
tom of the open ditch. Turn the
trench for the wingwalls at such an
angle that the ends of the finished
wingwalls will project back into the
ditch bank and will be at ground
level.
Old lumber will do for the forms.
One-inch siding on two by four-inch
uprights is good. Space the uprights
about two and one-half feet apart
Let the back walls of the forms stand
vertical and incline the front walls
towards the bank so that the con-
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-05-23
FIGHTING THE ROSE APkIlS 5.
Easy to Control the Pest if Growers Will Use Little Care ia
Spraying

depend upoH nature to rid his garden
of the pest. A forty per cent. solu-
ton of nicotine is much surer and not
much more trouble. One part OF the
solution to form LOCO to 1000 parts
of water. with the addition of one
pound of whale oil soap to every
fifty gallons of the mixture, Is rec
commended in Bulletin 80, THE Rose
Aphis." which the United States de-
partment OF Agriculture has just
issued. A more convenient recipe,
when there are only few bushes to
be treated, is a teaspoonful OF forty
per cent nicotine solution to two gall
Ions of water and one-half ounce OF
whale oil soap. The soap should be
shaved fine and dissolved in hot
water.
Mixtures of this character should
be applied as fine, penetrating
spray by means of compressed air
sprayer or bucket pump. Such
pump costs from $3.50 to SIS. To-
gether with nicotine solutions IL can
usually be obtained at seed stores
If no pump Is to be had, however.
the infested twigs should be dipped
in a pail Of the solution. Care
should be taken to use these solutions
at strengths no greater than those
mentioned above. since injury to the
foliage may result through the use OF
too much soap. or rnildew be favored
by too strong a nicotine solution.
Application of insecticides should
be made on the first appearances Of
the pest. which varies from the time
that the leaves are put forth until
the buds begin 10 form. Applications
should be repeated as found neces-
sary.