Arizona republican., 1914-10-04

 manganese at certain blast fur naces in Pennsylvania.
 With regard to manganese ores the situation presents features of still greater interest. Notwithstanding the abundant supplies of manganese in the United States its domestic production has been relatively small, but the imports have been so large as to indicate strong demand for manganese ore. For instance, during the last ten years the annual domes- tic production of manganese ore has ranged between 1,500 and 1000 long tons, while the imports ranged be- tween 10S,O00 and 345,000 long tons. which was the largest since 1908, was insignificant compared with the imports of 545,090 tons and consttut- ed only a little over 1 per cent of the available supply.
 Another illustration of the great disparity between the domestic pro- duction of manganese ore and the imports may be noted in the fact that the total production of the
  going back to 1888, is 414,73S long tons-an amount not greatly in ex- cessof the importations during the single year 1913. The imports of manganese ore recorded since 1868 have reached the grand total of a. S59,616 long tons, and the records are incomplete for the first 20 years of this period.
 The foreign situation as viewed by F. D. Hewett early in 1914 was summed up in a Geological Survey publication on the production of manganese and manganiferous ore as follows:
 Imports of manganese ore in creased approximately 15 per cent from 1912 to 1913, and this increase came almost wholly from Russia Unless industrial or political dis tur5ances interfere, there is no doubt that supply of ores will be avail able from the deposits of Russia. Unless industrial or political distur- bances interefere, there is no doubt that a supply of ores will be avail
  India and Brazil for some years to come"
 As the disturbances that have arisen will undoubtedly interfere to a greater or less extent with the shipment of foreign manganese ores, it is cheering to know that the United States possesses within easy af tfa aott abundant reserves of manganese and manganiferous ores.
 N Sources of Manganese
 The following notes on the domes- tic sources of manganese may be of interest in the present connection:
 For commercial purposes materials containing manganese are separated into four classes-O manganese ores, CD manganiferous iron ores, (3)t manganiferous silver ores, and 4) manganiferous zinc resduum. Through manganese forms part of about a hundred minerals and is q relatively widespread element, prac- tically all the manganese of com ! merce is derived from material con-  polianite, pyrolusite. psilomelane, wad, manganite, brannite. and franklinite.
 Commercial manganese ores are those which contain at least 8 per cent of manganese and otherwise conform to the specifications of the trade in which they are used. De- posits of manganese ore occur in rtc nf hn tat Inn are most abundant in the Appalach ian and Piedmont regions, in south- ern Mississippi valley, and on the Pacific coast Small deposits occur in the New England, Rocky Noun tain and Great Basin regions. The principal producing districts up to the present time have been the James river Staunton river and Blue Ridge regions in Virginia, the Cave Springs end Gainesville districts in Georgia. the Batesville district in Arkansas. and the Livermore and Tesla district in California. Districts of minor i'm portance are the new river region in Virginia, the north eastern Tennes- see region. the Mccormick region in South Carolina, and the Little Grande district in Utah. Mining and to the Blue Rdge and James river Staunton river regions.
 Manganiferous iron ores consist of mixtures of manganese and iron oxides and hydrOus oxides, which, though usually containing manganese in excess of per cent, may contain as little as 1 per cent. The propor- tion of iron in such ores is highly variable but usually exceeds 40 per cent. Manganiferous iron ores occur | in the United States chiefly in the New England, Appalachian, and Lake Superior regions, and minor deposits are found in the southern part Of the Mississippi valley and the Rocky Mountain region. High grade man. ganiferous iron ore used for it's man ganese content occurs in the Appala- chian region.
 Manganese, a metallic element oc- CUTS abundantly in nature, chiefly as | oxides and is included under the fol- lowing headings of manganese com pounds Alabandite, braunite, chal- eophanite caronadite, mangainte, psil- omelane, pyrolusite, manganese n.y. drate. rhodochrosite, rhodonite, ty- | phroite and wad.
 Some form of these are found in Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colo rado Georgia, Maryland, Michigan, Missouri, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, North Carolina, Pennsyl-