El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1914-05-30

they are able TO walk. and the women u
] the weeds out Of the potatoes and beIr -
Saturday and Sunday. All OF me l--5,t ~
women work. and the husband sai.-+- ~
wife as much for her strength as be-
beauty" Hsf
Some Indians Rich.
Tell me more about the debt arrange.
ments." said /
We loan the indians money ACCORDING O.,
d. the number and value OF their stock. bei1g
careful not TO credit them with more tbe5
their cattle. sheep, alpacas and other aDf-
mas would bring at forced sale We Ia "
some lnalans who are In debt TO US only
$50 or $40 and We have some who owe as
much as $500. Several OF my Indians Ia We
each large amount OF stock We have
one, named Paucar. who owns 200 alpacas
which are worth perhaps 81 apiece and ~
I have some who own sheep and cattle to a
value OF $500 or $500 and even $1,000. Such
men work on the farm on the same condf-
tons as the other indians, and they live Just
about the same.
LAS a rule the Indian will borrow all
that he can he wants money for feast
days and for marriages and funerals. He Is
not afraid OF debt He has always been
n debt and expects to stay 50 all his life.
When he dies his debt must Be paid out
OF what he leaves. or Il IS assumed BY his
widow and children
But how can you force the indians to
submit 10 such treatment"
They have been used 10 Il all their lives,
and besides we can punish them in various
ways For small offences We can put them
a very little else for a couple OF days We
IN the farm prison on a diet OF water and
can also whip them for stealing, provided
We are careful not to let the authorities
near OF what We are doing. or we can
make them come TO Cuzco 10 work here As
pongoes for a month or So There IRE
some cases In which the indians are badIy
treated. and I know Of an instance on
my own farm where an indian was tied
with a rope under the arms AM raised
10 the top Of eucalyptus tree and left
there for two hours. II It had been found
out, the Overseer would have gone to Jau
FOR two or three years Justice. however. Is
more IN favor OF the master than the ser
want in this part OF the world, and al
though the laws 70 protect the indians ars
fairly good the indian has little chance
before the courts II one OF the higher
classes is the defendant"
Few Schools.
asked some questions as to the educa-
ton Of the indians, and was told that there
are practically no indians IN the schools
in the out-of-the-way provinces They
sometimes go TO public schools in the towns
and there is no reputation that prohibits
thern from attending them It IS some
trouble. however. TO establish a school on
an estate FAR away from the railroad It
has to be done through the minister OF
public instruction, Of whom there is a rep
resentative IN every province To do this
requires money. time. trouble and influ-
ence, and the majority OF the landholdsrs
90 not care Some OF them prefer TO have
ignorant and willing laborers to intelligent
and Independent ones. and they say that
II Is the educated Indian who usually
causes most trouble. One OF the hacen-
dados told me that he found those indians
who had been in the army the most diff
suit to control. and that he wanted his in
dians as workers and not as scholars, or as
advisers or friends
These conditions are vnose current IN the
province Of Paucartambo and they are
not the same all over Peru There are many
places IN which the indians work only
TWO or three days a week for the use OF
their houses and lands and IN some they
are also paid a small wage for their work
In other places they have small farms Of
their own and raise their own stock and
crops As a rule. however. they have but
Jew rights that the white and Chol0s land
owners are bound 10 respect: and there is
room for a great movement toward their
education and civilization. and IN the Civ
Ing OF them the liberty which we all con-
ceoe should be the right OF every one IL
these modern tfrnes