davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington herald., 1914-12-22

Xmas Flowers. wreaths and Tree
at lowest prices. Shaffer, 800 14th NV.
The Washington herald., 1914-12-22

Open Nights Until Christmas. FOuataIn
Pen shop. Big stock, all makes. 1l2l Pa. av.
The Washington herald., 1914-12-22

J. Jay Gould removed to SO eth.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1914-09-27

uneven. 1t was redressed in 1904 when Great
Britain was won and the Triple Entente was
made.
Thus what was popularity supposed to be
real Balance of Power, guaranteeing the peace
OF Europe by it's perfect equipoise of three
great Powers against three others of equal
rank, was at last established. Nor was this
conception of its value a delusion of the gobe.
monche alone 1t was formally recognized at
Batischport by joint statement of the Tsar
and Kaiser, published on the occasion of their
meeting there in 1912. None the less 1t was
a deusion. As the Tsar Alexander l. pointed
out to the Congress of Vienna, no Balance of
Power could be equitably expressed In terms
OF States alone, and this from the beginning
was the vice Of the New Equilibrium. In
wealth, population. military potentiality--in
short, all that makes for real national strength
the rival combinations were at no time
equal. The result was a ceaseless struggle for
superiority, which kept the margin of differences
SO narrow that, in cases of crisis. any merely
precautionary effort on the part of one Power
or group of Powers bound to become q
cdsns bell. This, in few words, is the cause
of the present war. The great mechanism of
Peace has not only not preserved the peace but
it has made more certain more deadly.
more catastrophe, than the madness of any
despot or the criminal ambition of any con.
queror could possibly have made it.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1914-09-27
y The Paradox of Peace Crushed By Its Own Machinery

The politician is, at any rate. now enabled to
see how the whole of his mechanism of Peace
was based on paradox which, in the proper
ton that it was developed and applied was
bound to fail and to become danger to itself
In simple state of society the old tag 81 vis
pacem. para belIum was good enough, though
even then it was often than not SELF
seeking sham. But when it became universal
lied and systematized by the so-called "prin-
ciple" of the Balance of Power, and the still
more specious and dangerous theory of the
equilibrium of military alliances. its pers be-
came virtually automatic and uncomfortable
That is the misery of it all to-day Peace has
been crushed by its own mechanism. The idea
that any single Power has gone to war be-
cause 1t wished to, or because it thought it
had anything to gain by it, is, indeed, only
one more of illusions. The truth is that
never were the destinies of Europe in the
hands OF men more sincerely vowed to peace.
few years ago there were perhaps men who
were disposed to play tricks with the delicate
fabric OF international concord. But to-day
where are the fre-eaters? Germany's \Chan-
celior has been anathema to the Jingoes ever
since he has been in office, and France has a
Foreign Minister who actually voted against
the Three Years. law
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1914-09-27

cessively burdensome for many years
The revival of the Balance of Power and the
application of the principle of Armed Peace
was, curiously enough, not due to any new
displacement of the so-caed Equilibrium as
it had existed after the Franco-G German War
IT, indeed. there was tipe when Europe was
under the hegemony of single Power, it was
assuredly during the period between the Peace
of Frankfort and the death of Prince Bismarck
After the Alliance signed with Austria in 1879,
Germany succeeded in attaching to herself, for
the isolation of France all the great Powers
and some of the minor States. Italy Joined her
as an ally Russia became a sort OF sleeping
partner OF the Triplice under the famous Rein
suranee treaty, and Great Britain entered the
constellation by Mediterranean agreement
with Italy Even France for time, under M
Ferry and M. de Freycinet, became a resigned
II not happy, satellite of the Whemstrasse
The change which came in the nineties was
the result OF opportunity, and not of unen-
durable domination. 1t from the quarrel
which broke out between Russia and Germany
after Count CaDriyis denuncation of the Rein
surance treaty when it took the form of the
francoRussian Alliance. This, however. only
Whetted the appetite of the Equilibrists al
though nothing had happened to Justify any
rear on their part. With two Powers against
three, however the balance was still obviously
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1914-09-27
Bismarck, Still the Ruling Spirit of Warlke Ger.
many, Writes Professor Usher and the Man
Who Crystallized the Ideal of Pan Ger
manism Into Definite Shape.

highway easily connected with her other
river systems by network of canals. Plans
already being executed for network of
canals between the Rhine and the Westphalian
coal fields, by means of which they expect to
supply the fleet at its new base and which
promises largely to increase at the facil-
tiles of transportation, and, above all, to re-
duce its cost for the everyday trade of
the empire. The possession of these two coun-
tries, moreover would at once give Germany
the great colonial empire of which she dreams.
Holland owns Java and the Celebes admirably
fitted for colonization, from whom for three
centuries she has drawn princey revenue.
She owns fertile section of Guiana and rich
islands in the West Indies. whose strategic
value would also be great Belgium owns the
vast Congo Free State, of the wealthest
of European dependencies Here would be an
outlet for German manufactures of the first
Importance. Ii these colonies alone could be
retained, Germany could restore the autonomy
of those states in Europe, pay heavy war in
demnity and yet find the well worth
while"
In discussing the probability of the success
of Pan-Germanism Professor Usher draws
some significant conclusions. Evidence in IA
vor of its feasibility is to be found in the fact
that the statesmen and diplomats of Europe
who know more about the situation than his
torians ever will believe that its success is
probable" The writer proceeds
When however, we write of the success of
PanGermanism, mean something more COM
pick than at first may appear. Pan-Germanism
involves the creation of the confederation of
states which it intends to make the controlling
factor in international politics; it involves in
the next place, the ability of this confedera
ton to get control of the world or at least to
defeat England; il further assumes the feast
bity of maintaining control and of preserving
its own existence against internal well as
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1914-09-27

The machine has been too much for all of
them, and the reason is that it never really
was what it waSsupposed to be. There never
mas been an equitable Balance of Power in
Europe. The rudimentary attempts in this di
rection which followed the collapse of what NJ
Sorel calls the august fiction" of the union
OF Christendom, under the combined sovereign
ty OF the Pope and the Emperor, were really
all more or less disguised races for predomi-
nance They were not conceived for the com
mon good, but were all directed against some
real or supposed design on the hegemony of
Europe AS embodied in the treaues OF West
phalia. the Balance of Power was aimed at
the domination of Austria. In the treaties of
Utrecht it was turned against the France of
Louis XIV. In the Congress of Vienna it
reached the acme of topsyturvydom by solemn
" balancing Quadruple Alliance against a
france en- tntelle and calling it an Equilibrium
In every case the result was only fresh ac-
cumulation OF overpowering strength in one di-
rectlon, and, OF course, fresh war 1t is true
that after 1915 these results were long post
poned, but that was not because of the wisdom
OF the settlement in that year, but rather be-
cause the destruction of its elaborate mosaic
was necessarily work of time. Nevertheless,
until the death of Prince Bismarck Europe
wisely left the Balance OF Power to take care
OF itself, and ornaments did not become ex
tar r,...t
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1914-09-27
By LUCIEN WOLF.
VVYY HAT a crash of Pacifst illusions and
M diplomatic paradoxes! 1t is of course
yV in thn Of

yVY7 HAT crash of Pacifst illusions and
M diplomatic paradoxes! 1t is, of course
w a small matter in the colossal sum of
raH rrir hrt it is Is theme which the philos-
oplers OF another civilization will dwell in
many imposing and complacent tome. One
wonders what they will say. Will they deplore
he madness IL our generation, will they
not rather denounce submergence of the
great ideals of humanity in universal and
overmastering materialism? For be it noted
that material reliance on the lower passions
is the common denomination of all these illu-
sions and paradoxes The theorists of Armed
Peace and Mr.. Norman Angel are, substantially
at one. Peace was to be maintained by fear in
the one case and made permanent by cupidity
in the other. Can we wonder that they have
failed when we note the brutal paganism Of
the underlying assumptions, and that in this
organism the strongest of all brute impulses
is neither reasoned fear nor the common
advantage? But all this is the concern of the
preacher rather than the politician, and
preaching now has the fatal demerit of being
too late
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1914-09-27

external foes. The Germans are apparently
ready to assume the ease of creating the con.
federation and devote their attention chiefly to
the possibility of securing control of the world.
should they succeed in developing their own
offensive strength in the manner proposed. All
the conditions advanced about England's weak.
ness and the inefficiency of France and Russia
bear upon the second of these three PROPOSE
uons and have little or nothing to do with the
first and third. This is the real weakness of
Pan-Germanism.
'Pan-Germanism, in fact, is weakest at its
centre. Its success is least probable at home.
Without the cooperation of Austria and Italy
the scheme is impossible, and scarcely two
generations ago the enmity between the three
allies led them into war with each other Aus
tria and Prussia have hated each other
throughout history with vigor scarcely sur.
passed by the hatred which Prussia bears
France. Indeed when Bismarck was first in
Vienna he doubted his own safety. The Italians
have by no means lost their distrust of Aus.
tria, and it is really probable that the first
successes gained by the alliance may result
m such accessions of strength to one more
OF the allies to rouse the jealousies and
apprehensions of the others The notion of
putting into Austria's hands the whole eastern
coast of the Adriatic is extremely distasteful
to Italy, and certainly would place Austria in
a strong position, from which the conquest of
the Pc Valley would be undoubtedly feasible.
There are vital differences, therefore, between
the three contracting countries.
THE great district known as the Balkans is
an absolutely essential factor OF the Pan-Ger-
man confederation, yet there is part of all
Europe which lacks more conspicuousy geo.
graphical, political and racial unity. The Bal
kans hate each other so cordially, the states
which have attained political existence con-
tain within their borders so many ele-
ments Of discard, that 1t might almost be
claimed that the only elements of unity are the
vigorous hatred that they all bear the Turk
and the intense suspicion with which they all
regard Austria and Russia.
yet, through these defles run the great
roads connecting Europe and Asia, along which
the trade of centuries has passed, and which
must still continue to be the channels of over
land communication with the East The Bal
kans hold the eastern side of the Adratic the
western shore of the Black Sea- the whole
lower course of the Danube, and two sides of
the Aegean. If the Triple Alliance ever ex-
poets to obtain a position of Importance in
the Mediterranean it must possess them"
Surprising that the Germans have decided to
bring the matter to the issue of arms (of which
there were no real signs at the date of this
publication, 1879, Professor Usher finds them
confronted with these disadvantages:
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1914-09-27

"TheIr economic weapons, about which the
Germans talk so glibly, the starving of Eng
land, the deprving of her factories of raw
Materials the cuttng-off of her supplies for
the maintenance OF fleet these depend one
and all upon the ability of the German navy to
outmanoeuvre the English and get possession
of the Channel in such fashion that pitched
battle would be necessary to dislodge 1t, or
upon its ability TO defeat the English fleet In
the first place in decisive a manner that
assistance could not come from the Mediter-
ranean and from America in time to avert the
catastrophe. 1t is perhaps we'll to remember in
this connection that the Germans are not
nation of sailors, and that their navy has thus
far been used only for manoeuvres like those
OF the King of France when he marched up
the hill and then marched down again. =
THE German army is probably more eff.
cient than the fleet but is very likely not as
efficient the Germans think 1t is Military
critics have declared it bound too tightly with
red tape, filled with unintelligent officials, too
stiff and mechanical in its evolutions to give
much of an account of itself in battle Ger
tainly, it cannot compare in point of size with
the army Russia could put in the field, and
competent judges have declared 1t far inferior
in quality to the French army. To be sure,
none of these armies has recently been under
fire except the Russian army, whose expert
ence was perhaps not a desirable preparation
for another war. The condition of the English
army in England is admitted on all sides to
be bad, though the actual deficiencies have no
doubt been exaggerated by the eager advo
Gates of universal CONSUMPTION.
1.-THE really doubtful factor In the present
situation is Russia She, far more than Eng
land holds the scale. She is likely to gain in
the long run, whichever side wins. Should
Germany overthrow England and France in
Europe and take possession of the Mediter-
ranean, Russia would certainly reach India
first. If she should join Germany, the down
fall of England and France would be assured,
and the victors could divide the world at their
leisure. But she could not join Germany with
out renouncing her ambitions in the Baltic,
without permitting the Germans to overrun
that sea and throwing herself back upon Asia
and making 1t the centre of empire
"The likelihood of such remuneration of her
position in Europe is exceedingly small The
probability that Germany would believe in her
sincerity il she offered them an alliance on
such a basis, is infinitely smaller. Germany is
SO exposed that the treachery of Russia would
be fatal. AS the situation looks at present
nothing short of the breaking of the alliance
between England, France the United States
and Russia can permit the German scheme to
obtain anything more than a temporary and
partial success"
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1914-09-27

Map Showing the Purpose of Pan
Great Confederation OF States Including
to Gulf Railway CONSTANT
Bagdad Would Establish Route to
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1914-09-27

Copyright. 1914, by the
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-03-12

Liverpool cables: Spot fair business doing
sales. S 900 bales: speculation and export. 500
American. 1000; imports, $4,000; American,
1900 Middlng upland. SOD. Futures opened
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-03-12
JUDGMENTS RECORDED.

The following judgments for amounts OIL
nara than $500 were filed YESTERDAY the
er,t name being that OF the debtor
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-03-12
Dividends Falkland Earned.

The Pennsylvania Railroad is not unique
in that II has devoted for years portion
Of IT'S annual surplus income TO better
rents and did not issue, as President Rea
says, either capital stock or bonds for
these expenditures, but it is in a mighty
small minority. Almost every important
road has done something 10 improve It's
property out Of income. Comparatively
lew however, have not resorted to Sc
cLTity sales 70 make up the funds for i'm
Ifovement- Those that have resisted the
temptation 20 pay more dividends than
earnings warranted have enjoyed an
average credit over a number OF years far
oeiter than the average OF others which
fave kept up high dividends for the sake
o. selling securities al n good price and
nave had 10 pay for II afterward They
nave not been obliged, like the Chesa-
p'eSe & Chic, 20 agree 10 put hack sew
efa million dollars a year IN their prop
tlues 10 repay. in effect. excessive divi-
eshas' The investing public, grown wise
oy experience, gives more attention now
euays 10 what road is justified I'm pay
's out in the form Of dividends than TO
Nnat 10 does pay.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-03-12
snoar's Poor Report Shows
H How Tariff Discussion
Hurt Industry.
WESTERN PAClFlC'S
BONDS SLUMP AGAIN
III Island Committees to Name
rxoerts to Look Into Needs
of the Property.

r,,s no installing the effect OF
- discussion on the American Sugar
- Company's fortunes. whatev er
,,.,ors may have been drawn from
,,oricon Wooden Company's report
!. oublic a week ago. Neither report
much short Of disastrous. In the
=, the woouen company the street.
- IN the humor for cheerfulness. per
- hat the company was itself TO
e''sN ,o- q good part OF Its troubles by
''".'. ..ockirg itself with raw materials al
'' s.odrning Of the year. In the case oil
'n' ..c,r company the decline in earn
''' 80 dine apparently 10 causes more
~ -. unavoidable. An unusually acute
V a.,i,ion was az the bottom Of the
.,,o and tariff discussion, causing
- vaccinations i'm the price OF material
~, ,ho rest. Because of the reduced dif-
80 IN 1918 Of raw and refined sugar
IS the companys profits fell off about
- .o,,s hundred pounds Of sugar. There
90. No way for the company 70 protect
a., either. for the engagements III
..,n-ss nv which New England cotton
,.,,,s nrotect themselves against untoward
nres movements IN their raw material
-. M, possible In sugar, no sugar future
market existing
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-03-12

steady. 1912 points higher: closed quiet az a
net advance Of 1iaG2 points. March ana
March-April 660d: April May. 654iad: May
June. 6.Jid. June-July. 6.49iad; July-Ausust'
$50 I'd: Augus-September. 6.3G'3d. Septem-
6.17iad: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS, 6l2isd; Deem
ber-January and January-February, SID;
February-March. s12izd: March-April, 8l4d.
Neutrality-suspicious. dull: cloths quiet and IN
changed
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-03-12
Western Paciflc's Interest.

vbsth.r there was a late idea that the
Could family might come 20 the aid OF
,bo Denver & Rio Grande and help it 10
carry out its guarantee of the interest on
Western Paciacs first mortgage 5s, or
whether Il was concluded that at % the
bends had discounted about everything
in the way Of probabilities, there is no
means Of telling At any rate. Western
Pacific IS on the curb yesterday recov-
ered 10 81. after their sharp decline TO 90.
Last week they closed at 6sla BID. Den
yer's rafunding 5s moved down 10 g., but
failed to move up alphabetically with
The Western Pacific bonds. To pay the
annual interest on the Western Pacific
bonds the Western Pacific and the Den
yer. between them. must have about
E5oaooo So far this year Western Pa
cfc's balance OF earnings available for
this purpose has been only S7sl07 and
Denvers N2S,5-S. or only $,jo6,635 to-
gether. Seven n onths of their fiscal years
have already passed If earnings are no
better and no worse for the next five
months the TWO roads will together have
made enough 10 pay Western Pacifc's
bond interest with a margain OF less than
100000
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-03-12
TRADING IN THE
CURB SECURITIES
Increased Volume of Business
Advances Not So General
Bonds Improve.

Business on the curb was more con-
sentative yesterday than FOR some days
past More careful observation has APP
parently been given 10 forthcoming divi-
dends and to what were believed 10 be
prospects of increased earnings I'm several
oil issues In each department there were
recorded larger sales than on the previ-
Gus day. Advances were not so general.
Standard Oil OF New York rose TO go.
but later reacted, showing a gain OF
points for the day. Standard Oil OF New
Jersey was in good demand and improved
points Ohio Oil closed with loss OF
point, while Standard OF Indiana and
California remained unchanged.
Tobacco stocks were quiet and steady.
Riker- Hegeman was largely dealt In, with
sales of 5000 shares, making a further
advance OF a point to S$i, a new high
level. The bond market was somewhat
improved
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-03-12
GRAIN MARKETS
HOLD STEADY
Wheat and Corn Price
Changes-Oats Steady
Coffee SlumpS.

While there was a little irregularity
al times in the wheat market yesterday
over the possibility OF crop scares. tho
new crop months were generally firm at
the close. with May sc down and July
isc up. There was a report from Chi
cago that the first purchase Of new crop
wheat TO arrive had been made when
500 bushels were bought 10 arrive by
July at &c under the July price for No.
red. Corn was fairly steady, especial
ly for the near positions. the close show
ing a net decline OF sc TO an advance of
sc Oats were little steadier. in sym
pathy with corn and on an Improvement
in the cash demand.
With prices at one time showing losses
Of 25 points, or &c a pound, the coffee
market yesterday touched the lowest
point reached since the break OF last
July, which carried that position TO
S.35c. sharp break in European mar
l1ets. based on heavy selling for Bra
lillian account on margin calls and az
gressive bear operations by leading
house, was said TO be responsible for the
slump in the local market. There was
slight recovery just before the close. last
figures showing net losses for the day OF
from IA TO IS points.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-03-12
Looking Into Rock Island.

ar schumacher's now famous letter on
we needs Of the Rock Island system was
We suck Of dynamite that broke the Jam
ieucence-as IT was probably intended
Ds' Ar Schumacher said that the sys-
"n needed Si9W0o0o Others denied Il
'na attempted 70 confute the Rock Island
amman out Of his own mouth. More de-
"'S' however, carried little weight vita
plDAc. that held the systems securi-
me stocks and bonds OF the high.
70" and the middle companies fell
- further Evidently something more
% De done than only 70 say that the
'h needed nearly &D.CJD,0O0 Of new
-,''y or that it didn't. So now the col
uQst bondholders have set about
pa1s their own investigation. and the
-. island Company stockholders. it is
VIII 90 the same. There is no very
80 promise in that OF d quick reorgani-
|' OF the company. but II 1t takes the
N. .'ee experts no longer than IT took
n, :, schumacher 10 find out the real needs
e,,," 'ystem there ought 70 be something
'ViS before midsummer.