davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-10-10
HOW TO TAKE CARE OF GARDEN
CROPS FOR WINTERS USE

water is afforded by covering the
tops of the beds with boards and
tarred paper. Protection should also
be given against excessive cold by
applying refuse over the tarred pa
per.
Cabbages may be stored in the
hotbed pit, or in the garden by plac-
ing a little straw on the ground.
removing the cabbages, roots and all,
from their location. and placing them
heads downward on this straw. A
layer of cabbages, four plants wide,
and of indefinite length, with another
layer over 1t three plants wide, all
covered with straw and soil. will
cause the cabbages to keep in the
best condition, especially if Local
ton is chosen where ample drainage
is possible.
The whole aim in the storage OF
vegetables is to prevent sudden
freezing and thawing; to give venti-
lation enough so that the product
may keep well; to give moisture
enough to some crops SO that shrink
ing will be done away with, and with
other crops, squashes and onions in
particular. to give heat enough so
that they will not suffer from excess
sive moisture.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-10-10
GOLDENSEAL GOOD SIDE CROP
BUT CULTIVATION rs DIFFICULT

Goldenseal is a native drug plant of
admitted commercial value, which Is
rapidly becoming scarce, and farmers
who have had experience with gin
seng may find in goldenseal an adj
mirable side or succession crop. This
is the opinion of one of the United
States department of agriculture's
drug-plant specialists, whose pamph
let, "Goldenseal Under Cultivation"
has just been issued as Farmers Bull
letin 613. Goldenseal, known to the
pharmacist and physician as hydras-
tbs. is native to open woodland where
there is ample shade, good natural
drainage, and an abundance of leaf
mold. 1t is most abundantly found in
Ohio, Indiana, West Virginia and
Kentucky, though 1t grows west to
Minnesota, south to Georgia, and in
southern New York. It is not grown
the United States exports quantities
of this drug to Germany.
In general drug plants are difficult
to grow, labor costs are high, and the
market limited. These drawbacks are
true of goldenseal, but ginseng grow
ers, who are already equipped for the
culture of exacting woodland plants,
but whose ginseng crops have been
attacked by pests and diseases, should
meet with some success with golden
seal. The latter requires essentially
the same conditions as the other crop,
but Is easier to grow, being far less
subject to disease and attacks from
mice.
Steady Advance in Market Price.
There began to be a commercial
demand for golden seal about 1860,
and since then its use has become
worldwide, although most of it is
consumed in this country. 1t is val
ued solely for it's remedial properties
and was commonly used by Indians
and early settlers as a remedy for
sour mouth and inf1amed eyes; also
as a bitter tonic in stomach and liver
troubles.
Until about the year 1880 the prices
paid for crude golden seal rarely
ranged over eight to twelve cents a
pound, these prices, as a matter of
course, being based on the actual
cost of collecting and curing the ma
terial where 1T was abundant. In
1890, however. the approaching search
ty of the root was manifested by ris-
ing prices, and at the close of the
next decade the cost had advanced
To an average of firty-eight cents a
pound. Early in 1904 the price passed
the dollar mark, the year closing
with wholesale quotations varying
from $1.S5 to $1.50.
With the exception of slight fiuctu-
atoms in 1912. which were apparently
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-10-10

flowers much resembling buttercups.
1t has been naturalized in many
woods. A. Apennina is beautiful
species bearing a profusion of starry,
blue flowers 1t succeeds to perfec-
ton in this country, and increases
rapidly, being absolutely at home in
open spaces of woods, along lanesides
or at the margin strawberries. There
is also a white FORM but it lacks the
charm of the blue type The Greek A.
blanda is another blue-flowered
species, but is not so vigorous in
growth as A. Apennina. 1t should be
planted on banks where the heritage
is weak in growth. 1t is a very early
boomer. 1t varies much in color, the
shades ranging from pure blue to
deep purple and almost white.
good tool for planting bulbs Is
made as follows: A circular collar of
steel, four inches across and four
rights, about two feet in height,
which, at the top, are joined to
wooden horizontal handle. With this
a piece of turf four inches in diam
eter is punched out, and the turf
which is lifted is pushed out by the
act of making the next hole. BY
j using such a tool as that described,
great many holes may be made in
short time, and they are of suffi-
cient size to take the largest bulbs
quite easily while of smaller ones
several may be planted in one hole.
1t is well to plant a little loose soil
over the bulb when it is in position
before replacing the turf and tread
ing 1t down. In planting bulbs, an
often-followed rule is that thew
should be placed at twice their own
depth, measuring from the top to the
base of the bulb, Another method is
to lift the turf with a sapde, well work
up the soil beneath with a fork, plant
the bulbs and replace the turf. 1t is
better to cut all the holes before
planting is commenced, as a very
good idea can then be obtained as to
the subsequent appearance of the
group. In planting the smaller bulbs,
the holes should be made while close
together, but those for the larger
ones should be further apart, accord
ing to size,
Saxifraga granulata fore pleno,
the double meadow saxifrage also
known as Fair Maids of France, Is a
charming little flower bearing pref
ty. double white flowers on stems
about eight inches in height. 1t will
grow almost anywhere.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-10-10

the result of over-collection. the
has been a steady advance i'm the
price of the dried root, both wild and
cultivated. The prices paid to grow
ers and collectors of golden seal for
the last three years have ranged from
So to $4.25 pound, and these prices
are thought to afford a fair basis of
profit in golden seal culture, even after
taking into consideration the rather
exacting requirements of the plant
and its relatively slow progress to-
ward commercial maturity.
Not An Easy Crop to Grow.
Tt costs about $500 an acre. exclu-
sive of the value of the land, to start
a golden-seal plantation. This in
cludes the average cost for propagat-
Ing material, but makes no provision
for irrigation during dry weather OF
course, special conditions, such as
local cost of labor, lumber and fer
tilizers will influence this estimate.
This outlay might well discourage
those who wish to cultivate the plant
on a large scale, but small home and
experimental paintings may usually
be started at a very small cost. In
any case the plan requires special
care and suitable conditions at all
stages of its development.
Golden seal takes considerable time
to develop. If 1t is grown from seed
under favorable conditions it only
reaches its best development for mar
lSet after about five years. If 1t is
grown from root buds or by division
of the root-stock it reaches its best
development in three or four years.
Successful growers have outputs of
about 1000 pounds of dried root per
acre after five years from seed. Bet
ter showings might be made by we'll
equipped small growers
Limited Market and Danger of Over
production.
A market for golden-seal is found
with the crude drug dealers and
manufacturing druggists in most
large cities. This root is also handled
on commission and is readily pur-
chased by fur buyers and traders in
miscellaneous forest products. The
estimated annual consumption, how
ever, is only 100 tons, and as only
about 500 acres would be needed to
produce that amount over production
would be easy. Prospective planters
must bear this in mind as well as the
fact that this estimate makes no al
lowance for the wild supply of the
root which is still a factor, although
rapidly decreasing.
Ginseng growers will be interested
in the new bulletin on golden-seal. II
goes into great detail regarding meth
DDS of cultivation, and may be had
free on applica tion to the division OF
publications, United States depart
ment of agriculture, Washington
D. G. -
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-10-10

The time has arrived when the lay
ers and the breeders must be separ-
ated, If the poultry is to pay for its
keep and profit as well during the
winter Every improbable bird
should be disposed of as soon as fitted
for market, barring, of course, the
best of the cockerels, which are to be
saved to breed with next year, or to
be sold in the spring for breeding
purposes. No matter what the breed
is, the cockerels that come nearest to
the requirements of the American
standard and perfection are the ones
that should be kept, and not too many
of them, this, of course, depending
upon the circumstances in each indi-
Vidual case. The average farmer will
not dispose of more than half dozen
cockerels to good advantage in the
spring, though he might sell many
more, if he advertised skilfully and
tudiciously. The rest of the male
birds should go as prime roasters at
Thanksgiving, or certainly not later
than Christmas, and ought to bring a
good price, being properly fattened.
These birds should be placed in
pen by themselves, where they are
confined to narrow quarters, being fed
literally to a wet mash consisting
largely of cornmeal; some fat meat
and liberal supply of cracked corn,
milk, table scraps and whatever fat
tening foods are easily obtained. A
few weeks of feeding in this way will
add materially to the weight of the
bird as we'll as the quality of the
meat, and If the best market Is
sought, to the profits on each indi-
vidual bird. Keep the birds that are
colored right, brilliant in plumage,
or that nj aqrlU a that
dominate the flock, are sturdy of
build and have brilliant eyes, and send
the rest to market after q time in the
fattening pen.
The same rule applies to the pullets
when properly adapted. An expert
can tell at a glance which of the pull
let's may reasonably be expected to
become good layers, and will quickly
dispose of those that are likely to
become mere boarders at the expense
of the rest. Actual value as layers
can be positively determined only by
trial and records kept with trap
nests but the careful observer who
uses good judgment need make few
mistakes, and can keep his f1ocks
fairly clear of drones. The well-bred
birds that are bright of eye, bril-
liant of feather, with plump, clean
legs, breast well covered with firm
flesh, fluff broad and well formed;
those that are first off the roost in
the morning, last on it at night, and
busily scratching and singing all day
long, are the ones that will make
good layers and money makers when
the cold winter comes, and these are
the birds that should be given good
care. good food and a good place to
spend not only their days, but their
nights and the reward for the atten-
ton and care given them will be
ample.
The listlesss pulllets those that are
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-10-10

Following extensive experiments be-
gun last spring, the head of the fruit
and vegetable utilization laboratory
of the department of agriculture has
applied for public service patent
covering the making of a new form of
table syrup from apple juice. This
patent will make the discovery, which
the specialists believe will be of great
value to all apple growers as a
means of utilizing their culls and ex-
cess apples, common property of any
cider mill in the United States which
wishes to manufacture and sell apple
cider syrup.
The new syrup, one gallon of which
is made from seven gallons of ordin-
airy cider, is n clear ruby or amber
colored syrup of about the consist
ency of cane syrup and maple syrup.
Properly sterilized and put in sealed
tins or bottles it will keep indefinite
ly. and when opened will keep under
household conditions as well as other
syrups. 1t has a distinct fruity
aroma and special flavor of its own
which is described as being prac-
tically the same as the taste of the
syrupy substance which exudes from
a baked apple.
The syrup can be used like maple
or other syrups for griddle cakes,
cereals, household cookery, and
as flavoring in desserts. The gov
eminent cooking experts are at pres
ent experimenting with 1t in cookery
and expect shortly to issue recipes for
use of the new syrup in old ways and
for taking advantage of its special
flavor in novel dishes.
The department of chemists have
already produced over ten gallons or
this syrup in their laboratories, using
summer and other forms of apples.
The success of the experiments has
greatly interested some of the apple
growers, and during October o large
cider mill in the Hood River Valley,
Oregon, will, in cooperation with the
government chemists, endeavor to
produce 1000 gallons on a commercial
scale and give the new product a
thorough market test by making 1t
accessible through retailers in linn
tied field. The interest of apple grow
ers in the product arises from the fact
that the new apple cider syrup prom
Uses to give them a commercial outlet
for vast quantities of wtndfan and
other apples for which they hitherto
could find ne market, either in perish
able raw cider or in vinegar. Cider
production, ii seems. comes largely at
one season of the year. during which
the market is more or less flooded
with this perishable product. The
bulk and perishability of the raw
cider, moreover, the cider-makers
state, often make II Improbable for
them to ship the raw cider of one dis
trict long distances to a non-apple-
growing region. The market for
cider, therefore, has been largely re-
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-10-10
THE COUNTRY CALENDAR
Practical Hints About Things to Do at This Season in Garden
and Greenhouse, the Orchard and the Poultry Yard

ing it, watch the results closely and
guage your future feeding by them.
In planting apple trees. a fine.
wellgroWn one-year tree thar Is a
fair example of It's particular va
riety, has a go-ahead quality which
leaves nothing to be desired There
are several advantages in choosing
the young tree. Their roots are UNI
mutilated, they can be more quickly
planted, they can be trained to any
form desired, whereas the older tree
is already headed by the nurseryman
and is liable in many cases to have
very undesirable form of head.
Winter is the time when tubercu-
losis is apt to invade a herd of cat
tie. See to it now that the barn is
in the most sanitary shape into
which it can be put. Above all, sup
ply good ventilation, plenty of sun
shine and forage free from dust, and
be eternally vigilant to detect the
slightest cough or symptom of the
dreaded scourge.
For many years experts and sue
cessful farmers have been preach
ing the gospel of saner animal hus-
bandry and more sensible methods OF
preserving and using feeds Wind
proof, rain-proof, snow proof stables,
hog houses and poultry houses have
been the results of some of this
preaching, and also the silo. Those
who have built modern COW STAPLES
and poultry houses, where the chick
ems and COWS live in comfort during
the. winter months, know that these
animals pay handsome dividends ON
the cost of the buildings they occupy.
The high production of hens and
COWS in winter under modern methods
of handling is actually more a mat
ter of shelter than of good feed. The
same flock and herd, fed in the very
best manner but not provided with
good shelter, are carried at an actual
loss with present prices of feeds dur
ing the winter months. Any good
farm business manager knows this
to be a simple and solid fact.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-10-10
TRY TO NATURALlzE BULBS TO BLOOM YOUR LAWN EACH

There are few pleasures in garden
ing greater than that received from
the time and energy devoted to
naturalizing plants and bulbs. This
is nothing more or less than plant
ing in grass, or, in another sense,
doing a little wild gardening. In
naturalizing plants and bulbs, the
greatest care should be taken to ar
range them in a natural and informal
style, for the work should be perma-
nent, and bulbs once planted in the
grass are not easy TO remove. but
should increase in beauty with each
succeeding season. There are few
garden pictures more enhancing than
those produced by spring howering
bulbs growing naturally in the grass.
It is of the greatest importance
that the leaves of the bulbs should
not be cut off until they are en-
tirely withered, as to do this weak
ems the bulbs and, for this reason.
in the selection of site, it is well
to choose one where there will be
no inducement to cut the grass be-
fore the middle or end of July, by
which time the foliage of the ma
iority of bulbs will have died down,
though the later-howering narcissi
will not have ripened their leaves by
that time and must be left to a
later date.
As regards SOIL the best Is un-
doubtedly a sound, fibrous loan, and
a fairly heavy staple is to be pre-
ferred to one that is light and sandy.
Good places for naturalizine in drifts
and masses are the margins of
shrubbericA orchards or meadows,
i Ia -. -.
The bulhS should be planted in
groups of one color, and the white
nareissi should never be mixed with
the yellow; nor should the trumpet
daffodils be associated with the star
narcissi while the tall-growing
species should be kept separate from
those of dwarfer growth.
The low-growing kinds should be
near path where they will at once
catch the eye, and those that are of
more vigorous habit may be further
in the background. Early planting
is of Importance, and the best time
is during the months of September
and October. Besides the daffodils
and snow-drops, there are many
spring howering plants and bulbs
which will succeed In the wild gar
den
The winter aconite. Eranthis hye-
malls, is a hardy little plant, grow
ing to height of about six inches,
and blooming at the same time, or
even before the snowdrop. Nothing
has such a charming effect in early
spring days as widespread colonies
of this plant, glowing, a sheet of
bright gold, beneath the leafess
trees. 1t should be planted by the
thousand in the grass around the
boles of deciduous trees, for it dies
down early and withers before the
grass is cut. Beautiful as the flow
ers are when fully expanded in the
sun, it is doubtful if they are not
even more lovely when closed. They
are then globular spheres of bright
gold, and have a charming appear
ance set in bright green Elizabethan
rufus of foliage. The roots should be
procured as early as possible and
planted at once, as the tubers lose
vitality If kept out of the ground for
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-10-10

II is now time for the home gar
dener to think of caring for the sur
plus in the garden. Many home grow
ers have planned on having suffi-
Client supply of choice vegetables dur
ing the winter. These vegetables will
have to be stored in order that they
may be preserved. Onions and
squash should be placed where there
is sufficient heat and dryness to pre-
vent any possible decay.
The root crops, parsnips, carrots,
beets. satisfy and turnips are best
buried in soil. A good sandy loan
is excellent. Place a layer of soil
in the bottom of a barrel or box,
then a layer of roots, a layer of soil,
and so on. If the quantity of root
crops is large enough, the roots may
be stored in a pit outside the house.
A good way is to pile the vegetables
in a conica1 form and place straw
over them. Soil should be applied to
cover this straw, and more soil or
manure added as the weather be-
comes colder.
Sometimes a hotbed pit is used for
storage, particularly If adequate ia
cilities for ventilation are given, and
IL protection from oversupply of
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-10-10

any length of time. The winter AGO.
mite seeds freely, and in places where
it is happy is soon established. 1t
will not, however, succeed in all
soils, sometimes dying out If the
ground is very dry or very wet, but
is best suited by light, porous
loan.
Crocus, the we'll known spring bulb,
is excellent for planting in the grass,
and does best in open, sunny spots
facing south, where the grass does
not grow very strongly. Crocuses
should be planted in broad masses,
and the effect they will produce on q
bright, sunny, spring morning will
be delightful. The white and purple
varieties associate charmingly to-
gether, but the yellow are seen at
their best kept by themselves. The
bulbs should not be more than an
inch below the surface of the ground.
To the scilla family belongs our
ever popular 'bluebell," or wood
hyacinth (scilla nutans) but there
are several species. such as S. Slbirica
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-10-10

| want some tall trees with limbs
growing close to the trunk that Will
not winter kill. VIII the Lombardy
nonlar succeed? w. G.. V.
Verona.
The Lombardy poplar is compare
lively quick growing tree, but unless
conditions are very peculiar in your
location, will not give satisfaction.
1t will grow for few years, but IL
will be only a short time before the
limbs begin to die, giving the trees a
very ragged appearance. You might
get pyramidal forms OF the red cedar,
or n pyramidal form of the common
juniper (Juniperus communist. These,
while being much slower growers, VIII
ultimately give you mach the same
effect as would be secured by Lom-
hardy poplars, and they will succeed
in rather poor soil, too.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-10-10
Violet Culture.

Will YOU please give me some in
formation about the culture OF Ylo-
let's? a. =
Newark.
Violets are usually planted In
greenhouses in September or early IN
October, having been grown out-o1-
doors through the summer from cut
tings. The old plants are divided up
about this time of the year or
little later, and planted out in rows
six inches to one foot apart, and Gull
tivated either by hand or horse Gull
tivation, according to the amount OF
ground they occupy. Violets like
cool Temperature, SO to 55 degrees
during the daytime and about 40 de
grees al night A little more heat
during the day, however, will do no
harm, and, even If the temperature
drops near the freezing point, no
harm will be done as long as the
plants are not frozen, although 1t
may check the crop a little 9.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-10-10
Picking Red Raspberries

We pay from to cents per quart
for picking, the majority being
picked at the. former figure. The ber-
ries are picked into pint boxes, ten
of which just fit a handled carrier
made of light wood, says Charles A.
Umoselle, in Farm and Home.
Each picker takes one side of the
row up and they keep up with each
other Short rows are more desirable
in managing pickers. Red raspber-
ries are hidden beneath the leaves,
and pickers must exercise care to lift
the canes and pick them clean or
those left behind will become over
ripe and will not be ut to pick the
next time.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-10-10
NlIIdew ON Roses.

Last year my roses were bothered
with mildew; in fact, it will soon
ruin them if something is not done
to prevent 1t. j. L. Is.
Elizabeth.
You can get rid of the mildew on
the roses by spraying them with po-
tassium sulphide, making the solu-
ton at the rate of one ounce OF po-
tassium sulphide to two gallons of
water. Another remedy is flowers of
sulphur mixed with about one-third
it's volume of slaked lime, busted on
the foliage This is said to prevent
the spread of the mildew, but ] have
never used it and cannot say. l
have, however, used the potassium
sulphide successfully on roses grown
out of doors. Strange as it may
seem, kerosene emulsion has also
proved an effective remedy against
the mildew, it being used really to
rid the plants of aphis and other In
Sects.