Evening star., 1914-08-16

pire: its divisions in the face OF Ottoman
unity.
Whence comes the name Of Montene-
gro? It Is not certain. but the Albanians
claim that at the period Of the Ottoman
conquest the Turks, astonished at the
courage and warlike qualities of the peo-
pie, gave them the name OF kara-Dax.I
or men Of the Black mountain. Others de-
clare that II was Venetian traders from
the year 16O0 who named the country:
which appears from the sea somber and
desolate. ''Monte-uero'' and then Monte-
negro.
A curious and naive aegend exists among
the population OF the kingdom. Tho
good God" says the legend. when He
created the world carried in His hand
great sack which contained mountains
which the Creator sowed here and there
over the earth. AS the Creator passed
over Montenegro the sack burst ana inc
mountains fell pell-mell, forming the ir-
regular mass of 'Tzerkagora-'"
From these mountains eed by eternal
SHOWS flow the rivers Riscka. Zente
and the Bosnia, which Joins Lake
scutari to the Adriatic Within these
Riecka, vir Bazaar. Outarina Sputch
and Cetinje. tho capital. The ports
| OF Antinari and Dulcigno are the two
principal cities on the coast
The Montenegrfn from the Don de-
| scended in the seventh century INTO the
Balkan peninsula and established him
self between the Danube and the
Adriatic. He is the type OF the Serb
| race and in physique and language
like the Bosnian and the Servian. one
and the same. The Montenegrin is
always armed: two pistols. long knife
in his belt and a rife on his shoulder
chronic condition-To much so. in
deed. that a natural death. until late
years, was considered dishonor, and
the expression used at the baptismal
- ~ Aov ~
a newborn Is Significant: God pre-
serve 1t from dying in its bed
The military system of Montenegro 4.
that Of tribal or patriarchal militia
| to which each house
Montenegro's hold contributes a man
rS~h%.~. Service is obligatory
| and Universal and
Is from seventeen to sixty years.
In case Of war the system is elastic
and the prescribed regulations are sub
ject TO the exigencies Of the situation.
The army may consist OF nfty-eiRht
battalions Of $4,000 infantry. which
might be extended to 10000
| The quality Of the Mcntenegrfn soldier
IL exceptional as manifested In ancient
days and in recent wars In the Balkans-
Il
negro, has nothing in common with the
configuration OF the latter country. but
IN a succession of tablelands which de-
scend in slight inclines from the source
Of Hungary. Such a cond' tion OF coun,
try was not favorable to defense, ana
hence the Ottomans conquered II with
1 out much trouble. The Bosnian Is tue
are warlike and impatient OF foreign
dominat'on. to which they have been
subjected since the sixteenth century.
The high chain Of mountains that sep,
arate the two provinces 90 OF Dosmsa ,ens ,irne hne
| the fusion OF the Bosnian and the Herze-
| eovinian. notwithstanding the fact OF
| their common origin.
| The Bosnian takes his name from the
River Bosnia, which traverses the country.
The vast plain of Sarajevoko laOl meters
| above the sea leveD constitutes the
4 central point OF the province. There rses
the city Of sarajsvo the capital .sa..Ims- o. hos
tion Of the Austrian crown prince. FRAN
els Ferdinand and his wtfe, the immeu-
/ ate cause Of the present war IN EUROPE:
Four rivers-the Drina. bosna; ornss .ar,n~ anu
4 Bosnia and. falling into the Save anu
/ Dennhe reach the Black sea-
4 HerxeRovfna is n country fnc1osed De-
tween the Argentaro moun.ains r,. as ,an1 an1
4 with the same climate and productions
a. Monteneero Herzegovina bore the
name Of Hum down to the m,aale ., a.. ..
| voyode Rosnian, Etienne Voukchitch was
the chief, and then assumed the uIle
| OF duke naming the country Her1e-
sovina 6Iaer.os. dune; ee,, eno q, Ra ,mnortancs.
i the Narenta. runs from south to north
and then west. flowing into the sea NOT
far from Ra1usa-
towns Of BIaeai and B'tsi, the residence
i of certain Rosnian kfnes. also The Tor
| fresses Of Ston Novf Vrator, Trehfgne;
and. finally. the commerc'at c'ry OF
/ nriva- Yike Bosnia. her neiehbor Herze-
| vovina developed in the thirteenth cen.
fury at the expense OF Daimata anu
/ Croatia
/ eommitted TO TIE control ~ Arsfria-
| E5mnrarv since 1878. were taken over
annexed by Austria in 1908.
| r.
The fate Of the Serb as a separate
power hangs upon the solution OF the
| present war in Eurone
Fate Of Serbs in which he may count
| y.,.s- as an important FACTOR
involved. The. late Mr.. Stead. In
his remarkable article in the Con.
j temporary Review in 1903 pictured
the slav as the real defender OF inc
l accident aga 0.nSL tuc uefhS
the Mongol He was, said Mr.. stead
the bulwark and shield to which the
! occtdent owes it's freedom from the nor
rors Of oriental wars. The Mongoi
| swspt like a desolating wave over the
Slayonic lands The Mongols were
savages compared with whom the Otto
A., man savages were humane beings. ~
is computed by the historian that one
Mongol khan in the sixty years or ms
reign destroyed in battle or In massacre
| g. 900 900 human beings.
| Mr.. Stead predicted the dominancy -
the Slav, and even suggested the pos
sibility Of an ultimate Transformation
Of the dual monarchy into "a crowned
and glorifed Switzerland" by creating
a third autonomous state out OF
| Croatia, Dalmatia, Bosnia Herzeeo-
una, NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS." to
| replace Austria-Hungary, and the evo-
luton OF the free federation Of the
future would proceed silently and
! bloodlessly as by a process of natural
growth
Mr.. Stead himself furnished a jarring
note to this picture, namely, the d.
visions of the Slav which have pre-
vented the achievement Of his ambi-
tions. He writes: "It is the fatal
4