davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1914-01-08
A GOOD FERTILIZER.

The use of finely ground plos-
plate rock commonly known as
floats has not until recently met
with great favor because IL does not
generally give good results when
used alone. Some Of the earlier ex-
periments indicate that IL has
practically no value as source Of
phosphoric acid for plants when so
used. Recent Investigations at the
Ohio and Illinois experiment stations
show that when floats is added to
farm manure, II has very high
fcrtllizing value: in fact the increas-
cd crop production in Ohio due &C.
adding the ground rock phosphate t.
the stall manure was nearly as large
AS that obtained from acid phos-
phate. The acid substances produc-
ed during the decay Of the manure
apparently make the phosphorus ac-
III in the rock more available, and il
would seem from these experiments
that the comparatively inexpensive
floats might partially at least replace
phosph0ric acid II used in cOnnec-
ton with the manure.
Experiments here in Kentuck,
have proven that good results can h,
obtained from the use Of ground
rock phosphate when plowed un
der with some green crop like rye
clover, or cowpeas. but that il is Of
very little value If used alone on
poor. lifcless soil.
In float experiments two equal
moneys worth of ground Carolin;
rock and acid phosphate were COM
pared. In nearly all cases the aci,
proved superior at first
but within a few years the rocl |
phosphate plots gave higher yields
A high grade of ground phosphate
rock can be- secured at not to ex-
ceed s. per ton in ear load lots at |
Bcrea. Farmers building for the flu |
lure will thus secure phosphate acid |
at about IL the price commonly |
paid for II in mixed fertilizers.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1914-01-08
OLD FLAGS At ANNAPOLIS

There are only a few "Old Glories"
In the Annapolis collection of 173 his
toric flags, but each is connected with
some incident that gives 1t the honor
Of its present position. There Is the
81 starred flag that few as an en-
sign beside the sunrise flag of Japan
when the close-shut doors Of that is
land kingdom were pried open for
American commerce. The old flag that
Lieut.. Charles Haywood defended so
CALAMITY in 1S47 at San Jose, Lower
California. is there to recall the story
Of how he and his tiny garrison held
An old mission house for over three
months against an overwhelming Mex
lean force. Here toe are few re-
minders Of history's saddest war. our
own Civil war. Side by side in the
one case are draped the ensign Of the
Union man-ofwar Kearsarge and the
stars and bars OF the ensign Of the
Confederate cruiser Albemarle. The
most recent addition to the collection
is the ensign Of the battleship Maine.
which was recovered IA years after
the catastrophe in Havana harbor.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1914-01-08

quently bringing as much as III to 8
cents per pound.
While during the past this plan has
worked well. We believe that many
farmers will be forced to discontinue
the practice. because OF the essential
weakness OF the system which REQUIRES
that all cows. however good, 10 to the
butcher after serving one year In the
dairy. this meaning the slaughter of
thousands OF good dairy cows and a
consequent shortage In the supply
Cows OF average quality or even rather
Inferior grade cows are bringing from
$50 to 500 each. Ten years ago such
COWS sold freely Of less than onehalf
the present prices. This means that
raising milk cows n at present a very
profitable business and many stock
men Will undoubtedly show their wis
dom by taking advantage OF the oppor-
tunity thereby afforded and will raise
few good young dairy heifers each
year. Not only II the raising Of such
stock profitable ct the present time.
but the best posted stockmen predict
that II will continue SO for q good
many years to come.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1914-01-08
MOST VALUABLE OF TREES

What Is probably the most valuable
tree In the world, the Ganter acgua.
cate, also popularity called the Ganter
avocado and alligator pear tree, was
planted at Whittier, Cal, In 1905, by
A. r. Rideout. II bore fruit at four
years OF age. When FIVE years old II
produced crop Of 1900 pears. Dur
ing the year 1912, seven years after
planting, the Ganter tree bore over
5000 pears which sold at from SIS TO
Sc a dozen, totaling in all, 1880.
budding wood from the tree, sold at
ten cents bud. the same year,
brought s1,706. so the total revenue
OF the tree for the year amounted to
the phenomenal sum Of s3,206.
The Ganter tree was named after A.
NJ. Ganter, who once owned the ranch
on which the tree is planted. II ia a
seeding. the seed having been part OF
some unsolicited seed brought. pre-
sumably, from Mexico and planted
promiscuously. Other seedlings which
grew from the same planting are con.
spicuous for the infinite variety of re-
suits they have produced. One tree,
planted at the same time as the fa-
nous Ganter, has grown to the same
height as the Ganter (about 40 feet),
but 1t never bears more than SO pears
a season.
The Ganter, besides being a prolific
bearer, has demonstrated its superior.
ity In hardness during the severe
frost which California experienced
last winter. Budded Ganter stock to
seeding roots. survived, while In
many cases the Seeding stock to
which 1t was budded, was frozen to
the ground. First class nursery stocA
OF the Ganter budding has been com
handing from $40 to SIS q tree.
Ganter pears average in weight
from eight to twelve ounces. They
are about the size of small canta-
loupes. They will keep from ten to
twelve days after picking, which will
allow ample time for transit across
the continent and marketing. Ship
ments have been made from Whittier
to New York and Pennsylvania with
results. There is one
seed in each pear about the size of a
walnut. The rest Of the fruit Is edi.
BILE. excepting the peel
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1914-01-08

90 Good drainage also avoids the
loss OF nitrogen from the soil by the
action Of Identifying bacteria; it re-
duces the damage done by freezing
and heaving; II increases the amount
OF available moisture for plant
growth; IL increases the available
plant food in the soil.
Because of the above named benefits
the drainage of wet lands practically
assures the production of crop every
year. Although 1t might seem other
wise, well drained soil will produce
a larger yield than a poorly drained
one in dry year as well as in a wet
one. Drainage also permits the cult
walton of otherwise worthless lands,
often making such areas the most pro-
ductive Of the farm. The added yield
and saving of labor from the drainage
Of wet lands should pay for the cost
In from two TO four years, and il may
be said that the farmer who has prop
erly Installed tile drains where needed
has never been known to regret the ex.
pense.
The best kind OF drainage on the
farm as a rule is that secured by the
closed drain. The open ditch is a dis.
agreeable means of carrying water,
especially in titled fields, and in silt
or fine clay soil the crumbling and
washing of the banks always makes Il
difficult to keep the ditch well cleaned.
Brush and weeds which grow in the
open ditch are also a great hindrance
to the flow Of water and present a bad
appearance on any farm. The best
form Of closed drain is that made from
hard-burned tile. The size to be used
in any system will vary greatly with
conditions, but no tile with an inside
diameter of less than inches should
ever be used. II should be remem.
bered that the carrying capacity OF tile
varies as the square Of the diameter:
for example, an S-inch tile will carry
four times the water of a 4-inch tile.
The cost of good tile will vary
according TO size from S13 to $3.50 per
1000 feet. In Kentucky where the
present use of tile would hardly justify
the building of plants for the manu-
facture OF tile, brick manufacturing
should be encouraged TO
add this branch Of manufacture TO
their industry.
II. B. KENDRICK,
Department OF Agriculture, Kentucky
Experiment Station
This article will he followed by another Civ.
ing III grams, etc. for which there is not sum.
rient space with this copy.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1914-01-08
wv. ID. Nichols. Dairy Department
Kentucky College OF Agriculture


Our attention has been frequently
directed to that class OF milk produc.
ers living near the outskirts OF large
cities who follow the practice OF buy.
ing cows when fresh. feeding them
until they no longer give a profitable
amount OF milk. at which time they
have become fat and then selling them
for beef Not only has this been the
practice OF city dairymen but in sec
tons more remote from the city many
dairymen have depended largely on
buying their cows. Many have even
gone so far as TO depend entirely upon
purchased cows to supply their dairy.
They have been encouraged In this by
the high price OF veal calves. and have
gone to the extreme OF selling on all
kralves. both heifers and bulls. and
no attempt whatever to raise
their own milk cows. In the last few
years this plan has proven profitable
because beef prices were so high and
Tat milk cows sold for as much or more
than the same cows when fresh. fire.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1914-01-08

space OF the barn is divided into four
equal parts, adjoining which are four
concrete lots, 40 by 43 feet, without
cover This division OF the sheds and
lots will allow the feeding OF four sep
arate carload lots OF steers on differ.
ent rations. the relative values Of
which feeds for the production OF eco
nomical gains In weight on cattle can
easily be determined and the results
published. There is ample room in
this barn for the storage of a large
amount OF roughage. as well as a large
amount OF corn and other concentrates.
The building is so arranged that the
man feeding the cattle will never have
to 20 out OF doors for any OF the feed
ing operations connected with the ex.
periments conducted. Water will be
supplied from the city water works.
Large stock scales have been installed
at the east end of the barn. These
scales are provided with a combina-
ton stock and wagon rack, which al
lows the weighing OF either cattle or
loads Of hay and grain without remov.
Ing the rack from the scales.
The building will accommodate the
feeding Of 80 twoyear-old or 100 year.
ling steers. E. 8. GOOD,
Animal Husbandman, Kentucky Ex-
pertinent Station.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1914-01-08
Waste LANDS BECOME PRODUCTIVE
after DRAINAGE IMPROVEMENT
Some Of the Benefits Which Come From Drainage Arc
Prevention Of Erosion-Sois Can Be Worked Earlier
Improves Plant Growth-Avods Loss of Nitrooen

The waste lands OF Kentucky which
become most productive after improve
ment are those which are unproductive
from lack OF proper drainage. We
have many areas. including river and
creek bottom land. drainage valleys
and basins, seepage areas, and areas
with impervious subsoils where drain.
age would greatly increase production.
Some of the benefits which come
from drainage are:
ID Prevention OF erosion The
particles of earth In a water soaked
soil are easily separated from each
other and are carried away by excess
surface drainage. Good drainage. es
pecially in clay soils. brings about a
porous condition in the surface soil
and the subsoil which permits much
OF the water from rainfall to percolate
through the soil instead OF running
away upon the surface.
t2) Filling advantages. Well
drained lands can be worked earlier
In springtime than wet lands. They
can also be cultivated sooner after the
summer rains than undrained soil.
(3) II furnishes conditions neces.
sary for best plant growth. Among
these are aeration, heat, moisture and
bacterial growth. A free circulation OF
air In soil is necessary for the oxida-
tion of vegetable matter. process
which furnishes plant food for the
growing crop. Poorly drained soils
are usually sour. Plants do not extend
their roots into standing water in the
soil
The evaporation OF water from the
soil is attended with great loss of heat
As much heat is required to evaporate
one pound of water as is necessary to
raise 966 pounds OF water through one
degree of temperature.
The moisture needed for plant
growth is capillary water, not water
standing in the soil. II sack OF
gravel were dipped into water and
then removed and permitted to drain,
the moisture remaining would repre-.
sent capillary water. each gravel rep
resenting a grain of soil.
The bacteria of the soil which fix
nitrogen directly from the air. also
the nitrogen using bacteria which are
found in the nodules OF the legume
plants such as clover. cowpeas, soy
beans, alfalfa, etc, must be provided |
with liberal supply OF oxygen from
the air OF the soil in order to grow and |
and so perform the function
of fixing nitrogen for plant growth.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1914-01-08

AT a recent meeting of the British
Geological society there was exhibited
L living example OF a remarkable hy-
brid between a black-winged peacock
md domestic hep (crossbred game
md Leghorn). which had been bred
by r. p. Wheadon of minister, Som
'rset, in 1911. The hybrid, a large.
'lumsily built bird. evidently a male
~ its spprs. attracted considerable at
ention on account of its strange ap-
earance and its rarity, being only the
econd example of its kind known. Il
mostly white. irregularly marked,
specially on the neck, with reddish
brown. a color derived from its moth
r, and clearly shows the characters
II both parents. On its crown is a
hort TUT OF feathers. and on either
ide at the base OF the upper man.
ible there is a small waffle. while the
middle tail feathers are long and
'urved. as in male fowl.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1914-01-08
Disease and Remedies,

u Is almost u truism among physi
clans that the intra"tahility of lis
ease may hm measured 10y the numl~t
Of 'infallihle" remedies for II whl"l,
from time in tim" h1Vp been recon-
mend,.i London ri".~.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1914-01-08
ARTIFICIAL DAYLIGHT

A machine for making artificial
daylight to be ssed for matching col
ors and tints has recently been In.
vented. II consists OF a cabinet, 2s
inches high, surmounted by a dome
like reflector. by projecting the rays
from an incandescent gas burner OF
a special type through plates OF col.
ored glass a perfect reproduction OF
average daylight is said to be brought
about In the lower part OF the cabinet.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1914-01-08
MOUNTAIN AGRICULTURE
Conducted by Prof Frank s. Montgomery
Husbandry. and Special Investigator

giving more cowpca hay or better
still, buy some wheat bran or cot
tonsced meal, aud feed perhaps o
pound Of the latter or three pounds
Of the former. Bran is the more ex-
pcnsivc Of the two in the long run
because II is only one-third as nu-
trilious as high grade cottonseed
meal.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1914-01-08

Stabbed dairy cows should have two
OF three hours during the middle part
OF the day when they are left entirely
undisturbed
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1914-01-08

Pick out the hens that are intended
for the regular breeding pens BE
sure that the selection is carefully
made.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1914-01-08

One OF the causes for weak lambs 10
the result of compelling the ewes to
live on coarse foods.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1914-01-08

A chill brought on by the udder
coming In contact with frosty ground
is apt to ruin your best COW.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1914-01-08

Don't attempt to cut out seot.,A- Il
the ensilage, for IL will spoil for sew.
eral inches on all exposed sides.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1914-01-08

The silo keeps the COWS from dry
Ing up when the pasture gets short.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1914-01-08

Don't change breeds. Keep the one
YOU have. and try to improve It, Let
The other fellow do the experiment.
ny.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1914-01-08
INTERNATIONAL
SUNDMSO1OOL
LESSON

BY 4. o. SELLERS. Director OF Evening
DEPARTING MT the Moody Bible Institute,
ChicagoD
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1914-01-08
Balanced Ration For a Cow.

Here is a good daily ration for a
COW giving % pounds, i-2 gallons
Of milk:
IL pound ear corn or corn and cob
meal.
10 pounds corn slower being about
the amount Of fodder that ~ pounds
Of corn grew on.
f. pounds cowpca hay.
II the COW gives more than that
amount of milk you must increase
the prote in portion Of her ration by
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1914-01-08
The Experiment STATION BARN
FOR FEEDING NEARS COMPLETION

Detailed Description Of Model Barn For Feeding Of Steers In
Carload Lots-Contains Storage Room, Concrete
SiIo and Other Modern Equipment
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1914-01-08
DOES 1T PAY TO HALF FEED
Stock

Have you q COW or two that you
are running thru the winter on corn
fodder and few nubbins Of corn?
II that is So and your COW is giving
six quarts or more Of milk she is
falling of in flesh very rapidly, for
IL takes food 10 produce milk. n
the COW does not get IL daily, she
will have to draw on the supply she
stored up in the flesh Of her own
body last summer.
A fundamental principle in stock
feeding is the fact that the average
animal requires half Of full ra-
ton for its existence. That is, on
a half ration an animal will neither
gain nor lose in weight il IL is do
ing no work or giving no milk. In
other words half fed milk COW that
has no shelter will have 10 feed up
on herself for what milk she produ-
ces and for the extra supply Of heat
she needs above what she would get
by the protection Of good barn.
Consequently, she falls OF in weight
in proportion 10 the amount Of
milk she gives and the severity ~
the weather. AZ she falls of more
and more in flesh and has her vital
ity thus lowered she will Of cours"
give less and less milk.
Now, does il pay 10 half feed "A
milk COW? II certainly does not,
and only when family is compelled
by the dircst necessity 10 deprive
her of proper feed is II at all advis-
able Ia do So.
Careful tests have been made with
whole herds of cows to find out the
cost of butter and milk production.
and II has been found that by feed
ing literally of the proper kinds
of feed that butter can be produced
from the ordinary cow at cost not
10 exceed II cents per pound from
a good ordinary COW. and that a good
dairy type Of cow will produce il
at 10 cents per pound at the present
price OF feed stun around Berea this
winter. You can decide for your
self whether or not il will pay you
to sell good butter at % cents per
pound.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1914-01-08
Department OF Agriculture, Kentucky
Experiment Station.

This article will be followed by another Civ.
ing di grams etc for which there is not sum.
cient space with this copy,
Pine Bluff daily graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1893-1942, 1914-12-29
REV. {. E. Cline
RESIGNS Charge
Pastor of Christian Church
SURPRISES Members of
Congregation.

Much to the regret and sorrow of
the memb rs Of the congregation Of
the Christian church, Rev. G. c. cline.
for nine years the pastor Of the con
eregation. Sunday morning. during
the services. rendered his resignation,
to be effective March |
DR.. Cline gave no reasons for his
action, but intimated that he expected
to continue his labOrs ii a larger and
broader field. When The congregation
was about to decide not to accept the
resignation, DR.. Cline stated that
there was little Likelihood of the
action being rocoasidored by him.
Dr. Cline would net discuss the mat
ter yesterday, except 10 state that he
does not care at This time to make an
nCuncement of his plans. 1t is be-
lieved by some OF the members of the
congregation who kngW him best,
however. that he will enter education
al work. particularly rs he has al
ready held high position. as vice
president and member Of the faculty,
of Maddox seminary.
Dr. Cline came to Pine Bluff from
Little Rock, and durins the nine years
of his passionate the con Sregation has
increased fourfold and The church has
grown and prospered in excellent
manner. His talents as speaker
teacher and musical director were all
directed toward the work Of building
up the church, and he succeeded be-
yond the expectations CT even the most
enthusiastic members Of the congre-
cation, despite his previous successes
in such work. IN Pine Bluff general
ly, outside his own congregation. DR.
Cline is admired and respected as {
man of far more than Ordinary tai.
ents, clear, forceful speaker deer
and close student, and man of broaG
mind and fine character. His deci
sion to leave the local church wa!
the occasion for many expressions o
| regret Yesterday.
Pine Bluff daily graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1893-1942, 1914-12-29
lssett-Flourn0y Wedding
Pretty Home Ceremony.

With relatives and a very few init
|ate friends present as witnesses,
PISS Anna King Flournoy yesterday
|ternoon at 4:30 o'clock became the
Tide of L. E. Basset, the ceremony
ping spoken by Rev. w. j. E. Cox,
hpstor of the First Baptist church.
lit was a pretty home wedding,
eautiful in the simplicity of the
frvice and the surroundings. The
fide was attired in travelling suit,
I'd shortly after ceremony they de-
krted on wedding tour which will
pntinue through the week, after
|hich Prof. and Mrs. Bassett will
|ake their home in Pine Bluff. :.
EThan the bride, the daughter OF
q. and Mrs. Chester Flournoy of
POS West Fifteenth street, there is no
Pne Bluff girl more widely known
better beloved by her scores OF
Elends. Her charms of mind and
Parac,er have endeared her to many,
specially to the members of her
asses at the Sam Taylor school,
me groom, a native of Maryland and
member of one of the old families
mat state, has been a resident OF
|lne Bluff the past, four years, and
member of the faculty of the High
chool throughout that period. He
Pso is widely known here and has
fZ hundreds of friends.
Pine Bluff daily graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1893-1942, 1914-12-29
PERSONALS.

Ed Cheek, of the Iron Mountain at
Little Rock, spent Sunday in Pine
Bluff, on business.
Secretary E. B. Bloom Of the Cham
Der Of Commerce was in Little Rock
yesterday on business.
E. J. Mooney, formerly of this city
and now of Clarksdale. Miss, is spend
ing the Christmas holiday season with
relatives and friends.
Otto Helmsmiller is here from Nash
vile, Ark, renewing old friendships.
He will remain several days.
B. w. Benton went to Reydel yester-
day on business for the Benton Lum-
Der Co.. Of which he is receiver.
James McGaughy, who suffered al
sprained ankle Christmas day, is
showing considerable Improvement.
Attorney Sam NJ. Levine has return
ed from Fort Smith, where he attend
ed the annual Jewish Sunday school
convention.
George and Jay Sloan Of TeXarkana,
who have been the guest Of John Sor-
rells for several days returned last
night to their home.
DR.. w. D. Davis of St. Louis is here
visiting his friends, Capt. Asa Downs,
DR.. w. S. Stewart and DR.. J. S. Jen-
kins. DR.. Davis is widely known
physician and surgeon.
D. S. Crunk, who was injured some
weeks ago when his automobile and
street car collided, has returned to
his home from the Clark sanitarium,
where he was given treatment. He
has shown much improvement.
James Chadwick and Albert Holland
of the Arlington hotel, have returned
from Little Rock, where they spent
the Christmas holidays with Mr.. and
Mrs. Charles Stewart and E. A.
Schicker and family, formerly of this
citv
Pine Bluff daily graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1893-1942, 1914-12-29
The Spanish Opal,

played so large a part as i'll Spain
Gne OF the most famous rings in his.
tory is what IS known as the Spanish
opal" to the influence of which is at
'tributed by the superstitious inhabi-
tants of the country all the misfortunes
suffered by Spain In the last century.
1t was given to Alfonso XII by the no.
torious adventures Comtesse de
Castigllone, with whom the monarch
was friendly when he was an exile and
q pretcnder TO tho Spanish throne.