The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1914-01-09


which reckoungs are TO be made.
II must net be understood from that
whatever time it may bc in Paris will
be roisted upon the. rest OF the uni
verse; that, tor instance, though the
sun may Ice high i'm the heavens here,
We Americans viii be constrained 10
lcall it night such a reform would
NATURALLY Ice out of the question, What
will bc accomplished it the work OF
the delegates who met in Paris bears
fruit is the following:
For purposes of reckoning time the
globe viii be divided into twenty -four
zones or sections. each designated by
a letter of the alphabet. Each of these
soc,'o will correspond to - degrees
OF longitude and the difference be-
tween the time i'm any two ada, cnt
sections will be one hour.
Section |, in which Paris is situ-
atcd, viii be taken as the one from
which standard time will be measured.
Every day at midnight and 10 a. m
| Paris will send out wireless signals
all over the world This, as will easily
be seen, will be a priceless boon, cs-
peciaIly TO nav igators, since for the
! frs, time i'm history, it will enable
them To correct errors in their chro-
somcters. and thus determine the po-
sition Of their ships with a greater de-
gree OF accuracy than has ever been
possible before.
I'm addition to the signals from Paris
| others will be sent out at different
| hours from other sections Some Of
The latter including that at Nord-
| dciCh, Germany, are already in opera
! ton. 1t has been arranged that sig
nails shall be flashed from these other
stations at the following hours each
day:
Arlington observatory, L. :, 9 a.
m. and 3 y. m; Manila, Philippine
/ Islands, 1 a. m; Mogadisco, Somall
Coast, Africa, 4 a. m; san Fernando,
Brazil, a. IN. and y. IN; Timbuctoo.
Africa, a. m; Norddcich. noon and
/ 10 y. m; Massaouan Africa, & y. m;
san Francisco, s y, IN.
IN this way navigators. explorers,
! and others will be able TO get the eN.
| act standard time from one of the
above stations at least once a day.
The method it is proposed to adopt
/ for giving the signals is the most in
' tercsting part Of the scheme claborat-
ed by the international Conference of
the Hour Already it is in operation,
! at the Eifcl tower observatory in
Paris Briefly, it is as follows:
Beginning at 9:j7 "A, m. twenty sig o.
mails OF warning are sent out by wire
less, each consisting of a dash, two
dots, and dash, which, in the Morse
code, corresponds TO the letter y.
Then - seconds. - seconds. and %
seconds after g:57 a. IN. three signals
will be given, lasting a. second each,
/ the last terminating exact at 9:5S.
Then, at 9 o'clock IS minutes and s
seconds and every 10 seconds there
after until . o'clock IS minutes and
IS seconds, additional signals are sent
ont. each corresponding to the letter
y in tn" Morse code--dash. dot. These
are followed. a. were the signals the
preceding minute, 10y three signals
lasting each second the third ter
! minatiug exactly at 1888 a. m.
Every ten seconds after 9:59 five
successive signals are sent as follows:
| Dash, dot which represents the letter
| y in the Morse code. Then during thc
last three seconds before 10 a. M. three
| signals, each lasting Il second, are
flashed, the last terminating exactly
lat In q. m. when that last signal from
Paris is picked mp by a wireless APP
| patatus anywhere i'm the world thu
! operator will know that it is exactly
10 a. IN. by standard time in Paris
Since the warning signals are begun
three full minutes before. operators
will have plenty of chance to get reHd y
to pick up the final signal.
As has been said, those who will
profit most 10y this new method OF
standardizing the time of day are nav
| igatOrs. The distance Travelled by q
ship each day is fixed by finding tho
| longitude i'm which the ship is Longi-
tudc at sea is found by comparing
| local or ships time with Greenwich
time, the latter being shown by the
ships chronometcr and the former by
astronomical observation Of suitably
placed heavenly bodies.
In other words, the difference cas-
or west between any two places Il
merely the difference between the tive
local time at any instant expressed il
| degrees Mcridians 10 degrees apar
pass under the same fixed point in thu
heavens at intervals of one hour while
| he earth is rotating. Points east o
| Greenwich Grom which time is usual!
determned) pass earlier, those ives
later. Local time at points east o
Greenwich Is thus ahead of Greenwich
time and local time at points west o
| greenwich is behind II.
| Now, chronometerg are supposed Il
mark Greenwich time throughout
voyage. But, despite efforts coverin'
over a century, no way has ever beef
found for making chronometer in
fallible. If "A captain is really careful
nc currects whatever error there ma.
he in his chronometer at every por
where he calls. Nevertheless, eacl
time he puts out to sea again I've ha
no absolute way Of telling that Tn
AMIN rat mo ii. an mot 90 hack on him. "A