davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-12-20
Conservation of
Natural Gas.

IepoTtS 10 dShlnS-
conservation OF ton stating that
N.4, many thousands of
residents in Okla
homa- depending on gas for fuel will
suffer this winter because measures to
conserve the natural gas supply have
not been adopted by the leases of the
oil and gas lands Most of the waste
reported is in the so-called Cushing
oil field of Oklahoma. which is part
of the property of Indians who are
wards of the United States: and is one of
the country's principal sources of oil
supply.
Government experts. who are now in
the Gushing field working to encourage
operators to conserve the natural gas
which is being wasted at the rate of
more than 2a0,000.00O cubic feet day,
are working under the direction of w.
F. McMurray of the United States In
dian office, Inspector for the five civil
lied tribes of Indians. and W A. Will
Hams, who is in charge of the petro-
leum Investigations of the United
states bureau OF mines Other experts.
who have been sent down to encourage
operators to employ methods to check
the wastage of gas, include J. A. Pol
lard. a. O. Heggem and q. NJ Welch.
petroleum and gas waste engineers of
the bureau of mines.
According to government experts the
25o,000.000 cubic feet of gas which is
now being wasted each day represents
fuel which is equal to approximately
| 200 tons of coal. Practically all of
the waste is said to be absolutely un-
necessary and can be prevented easily
by methods which have been put into
operation during the past few years
The chief cause for the wastage of
gas is that the men boring for oil will
not take the time to adopt methods of
preserving the gas which is met before
the strata containing the oil are
reached. Many operators also allow
the gas to blow from the wells for the
purpose of raising the Oil in greater
quantities to the surface and also to
relieve the pressure of the gas against
the oil sand so AS to quicken the flow
of oil out of the sand.
Government experts have shown va
rlouS operators how this loss of gas
may be checked through the employ
ment of method which prevents the
gas from escaping behind the oil drill
casing. There is, however, little or no
cooperation between the oil and gas
men in the cushing field and the oil
being the more valuable resource, is
usually the only substance taken into
consideration when the lands are eX-
plotted. In the future. however. many
OF the communities must depend upon
natural gas, both for fuel and light.
and the WaStase of gas is already felt
in some of the smaller cities and
towns.
The wastage of gas is more rapid in
some of the sections than in others and
in some of the wells there is little gas
left now to conserve. In several places
there was a pressure of more than 500
pounds and today there is less than 200
pounds. \ gas expert has reported that
not > per cent of the gas found in the
Oklahoma sands has ever been piped
and sold for any useful purpose.
RAYMOND w. PULLMAN.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-12-20
Swiss Army
Trustworthy.

may ilf' repeated. possesses u sstron =
and efficient army. quite able TO hcen
tn" ,e;."c ana enforce the respect %
her neutrality. The danger is not. ac-
cordlnG to the Swiss ritter in the un-
doubted military strength of Switzer-
lani. but her weakness lies IN her
disunion and the too great divergence
of opinions of parties The Swiss
writer would lead his reader TO belicv,
that things in Switzerland are little
better than in the divisions of tho dict
in 1914 which was disposed Ia So.
things awry in the memorandum OF
t'insicr
The divisions Of Switzerland a hum
dred Years ago were chiefly religious
quarrcls between Catholics and Prot
est.tnts: today the quarreIs are mainly
racial and betw cen the German and tho
Latin. "A deep ditch says the writer,
has been dug between German SwitZ-
erIand and French and Italian Switzer-
land. and the unity of the country is
thus incontestably IN peril
But. adds the writer. AS if to console
himself for situation which exists
almost everywhere. But that which
succeeded in religion can also succeed
in politics and culture-in default of an
entente of middle line one may lie
tolerant"
The congress of Vienna proclaimed
the neutrality Of the confederation No.
vember 20. 1915. The protocol stipu-
l.ttes expressly that the Independence
of Switzerland. in the real interest OF
all Europe. should be free from all for
eiee influence" To that there may he
added that "A state of such varied race
composition the obligation not to take
part in any European war constitutes
the very principle of the existence of
Switzerland. 1t is. besides, not only
principle but privilege.
CHI CHAlLLE-LONt;.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-12-20
Religious
Divisions,


the conditions of the
country, to say nothing of the unusual
military qualities of the Swiss soldier
The danger to Swiss neutrality is due
not to the lack of means of ujlitar,
defenses of her frontier. but to her re
liaious divisions.
The conflicts which ragged from t.a-.
~ Wer" terminated by the great S,yis.
victory at Cuivin gorge which Obliged
.ne Austrian emperor to recognize Tho
practical independence of the swiss
n1ederatlon destined to he recor-
nized finally by the treaty of West
phalIa $40 years 1ater)
me eachines of Zwingle at Zurich
spread the ne" ideas of = reformed
rei,sion. which found lodgment at
Bale. Saint Gall and Bern il 15a7. and
provoked the violent oppositiou in tho
center provinces Of Uri. SchWlz In
terwalden. Luzern and Zu-. The con
NETS that followed terminated hv the
defeat of the Protestants at cannrI
t3S1). where Zwingle was killed.
The propa ganda of Guillaume EareI.
celebrated reformer and friend of Cal
vim i'll the Faud canton. assured the
triumph of Professionalism there despite
the opposition at Luzern.
After the agitation of the ,irisoliS IN
the Nalte1ine. Switzerland assumed her
place definitely among the states of
Europe as RECOGNIZED III The treaties
ana by the alliance with Louis NV
l663D- From this period on Switzer-
land had frequent civil wars resulting
in the loss Of provinces which were
detached from the confederation
The GriSons. ii should be remember
ed, held the most eaSterly of the Swiss
cantons. and the largest in extent. al
though SparSely populated. Its total
area is :.I3S square miles. The popula-
ton in 1900 Was l0i, go, and of this
number 55.l55 were Protestants aud
1912 were Catholics. \ characteristic
type of the Grisons is their ancient
Romanda language. known AS the
"lingua ruStica." or provincial language
OF the Roman empire.
In the above connection II may he
added that according to the census of
900 the actual resident population of
Switzerland WAS 3.315.443. The ratio
of population divided between Protes-
tantism is that 80 per cent adhere to
the former and 40 per cent to the lat
ter According to the constitution of
1874 there is complete and absolute
liberty of conscience and creed. The
government of the Protestant church,
Calvinistic i'll doctrine. is under the
supervision of the magistrates of the
various cantons. who are also given
the superintendent of public instruc-
ton.
shall Bruno proclaimed Switzerland
the "HeIvetian Republic" and SwltZer-
land became the theater of war be-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-12-20

men on the general survey committee
included Charles H. Winslow and
Charles II. verrill of the bureau of
labor statistics and Z. p. Claxton.
ton.
Secretary Redfield of the Department
of Commerce and Miss Julia G. La
throp. head of the United States chill
dren's bureau, while taking no official
part in the survey itself. appeared on
the program of the final meeting at
which the report of the survey commit
tee was made public. During the latter
part of the survey DIR. w. T. Bawden.
specialist in rural education for the
United States bureau of education, was
detailed to Richmond to handle the
educa tional returns. The general direc-
ton of the educational inquiry was in
the hands of DR.. Leonard T.. Ayres of
the Russell Sage Foundation. who was
chairman of the survey committee.
All recommendations took definite
form. DIR. Winslow and his associates
presented a clear-cut analysis of each
in Richmond. and DR.. Ayres on the
school side furnished important data
bearing the educational needs OF
the industries. together with some
indication of what the schools We're
doing and might do to At boys and
girls in Richmond for wage-earning in
the various occupa tions.
The Richmond authorities not only
invited the survey, but gave direct and
constant aid in carrying it out. and
began putting into effect some of the
recommendations of the survey, even
before the survey complete.
Evening schools were organized and
a complete system of vocational in
dustrial education will eventually be
installed on the basis of the findings
of the survey.
The object of the government. as we'll
as of the private research organiZa-
lions. in concentrating their efforts on
one city, was not only to help that
CITY. but to produce type survey"
that might easily be followed in many
other communities similar to Rich
mond. 1t is intended to make four or
five such surveys within the next few
years, each typical of a different kind
of community. SO that eventually it
will be wholly within the bounds of
possibilities for city hoping to take
an inventory of its needs with special
reference to industrial education to
follow the type survey most nearly
fitted to it's conditions in obtaining
light on its own problems.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-12-20

Inc Iflsons in the commencement of
the thirty years war were nearly
drawn into that con-
SWISS Integrity fiict by the fact that
Menocod that country consti-
tuted a means of
RAPID communication between Spanish
Milan and the Austrian TyroI. con-
NETS which heretofore had been con-
fined to the frontier
The Swedish general. Gustayus Horn
in 1888. in order to prevent the allies
OF Spain from penetrating from the
Milanese state into the Tyrol by Sua
bla, entered the city of Stein on the
Rhine and across Swiss Thurgovie. led
py troops and siege artillery to Com
stance without being attacked hv the
iandsturm of Switzerland 1t is true
the swedish marshal did not attain his
opJect. Tor Constance was well forth
ned and successfully defended by the
spanish and imperial troops. and on
octoper 1853. Horn was forced to
retire Nevertheless the violation of
SWISS neutrality was a fact
mere was another violation of Swiss
neutrality in the following wear GS34l
TINS time by the imperialists But war
was avoided by the cantons of Bale
echaHhouse and Luzern. which were
not directly interested. If Switzerland
hao been involved in the thirty-year
war 1t is probable she would have
lost her independence
switzerland was recognized as an in
uependent sovereign state by the
treaty of Westphalia in 164s. In r-Oa
there was another violation of SWISS
neutrality The commander of imne-
RAJ troops. Prince Eugene. trayersed
me northwest of Switzerland to reach
rrahche-Comte. while Count Mercy.
commanding troops in the Black forest
was ordered to march by the shortest
route to Alsace and the Franche-
Comte. With infantry and artillery
mercy marched to Neuchatel. and ira
VerSills Bale territory without resist
ance. entered France. These Invaders
We're signally defeated and obliged to
retire by the road to Rheinpelden.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-12-20

'Io"eiHH OF the lepfOSE
problem in the United States may be
brought about during the
Problem of present session of Con-
gress. if favorable con-
Apiosy' sideration is given to a
bill which has been suggested 80 COM
mittees of the House and Senate by
the United States public health serv-
ice. as a substitute for four or five
similar bills which have been intro
duced during the previous sessions.
Although leprosy attracted the at
tention of the authorities in the United
States nearly 100 years ago, no salts
factory method of handling the prob
lem in this country has yet been
adopted by the government. In recent
years, however, serious consideration
has been given to number of bills in
Congress, each of which has been found
FAULTY In one or two particulars, and
the purpose of the substitute bill to
be considered during the present ses-
sion is to overcome as many as pos
sible of the objections in former bills.
The new measure proposes an APP
preparation of $2J0,0O0 or as much
thereof as may be necessary for the
construction and preparation of a ma
tiona1 leprosarium and the mainte-
nance of patients. pay and maintenance
OF necessary officers and employees I'M
til June 30. 1916 1t is provided that
the Secretary of the TreaSu shall be
authorized to select and obtain by pur-
chase or otherwise site sites suit
able for the establishment of a home
or homes for the care and treatment
of persons afflicted with leprosy, to be
administered by the United States pub
War. Secretary of the Navy. Secretary
of the Interior Or Secretary of Agri-
culture is authorized by the bill to
transfer to the Secretary of the Treas
y
other reservation suitable for the pur-
pose, for the use of this leprosarium.
If Congress enacts the substitute
leprosarium bill The solution of one
health problems will have been started.
The federal, state and municipal health
authorities for years have urged the
esta bli shment of a national 1eper home
and since 1905, bills introduced in Con
gress have received serious considers
ton. In 1905 Il leproSarium bill WAS
passed by the Senate and favorahly re-
ported by the House committee on IN
terstate and foreign commerce, but 1t
ia lied of passage because some of the
members feared that the hospital
might be located in their state. 1t is
generally recognized today, however.
that some federal measures aimed at
the control of leprosy must soon be
adopted.
An investigation which is unique
among instances both of government
field work and educa-
Survey of tional surveys has just
p;ohro,d been completed by sew
NlcH1nohu. cral of Uncle Sans
scientific bureaus, cooperating with
private research agencies. The city of
Richmond. Va. has been "survcyed,'
industrially and Internationally. by gov
ernment experts and others in the eff
fort to find out how the schools could
relate themselves more definitely to
local industries.
On the invitation of the city of Rich
mond the National Society for the Pro-
motion of Industrial Education. of
,,bicb Secretary Re,fieId is president
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-12-20
SHOOTING STARS.
Practically Considered.

BY PHu.ANDER JOHNSON.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-12-20
Cooperative
Marketing.

year, according to report of n sur
vey which has just been made by the
office of markets of the United States
Department of Agriculture. The extent
of cooperative marketing in the
United States, which this government
report shows will prove a surprise to
many persons who have been under
the impression that cooperative SELL
ing in the United States is yet in an
undeveloped stage.
The investigators of the office of
markets have listed more than $500
market associations. 400 cooperative
and farmers elevators. $500 cooper
ative and farmers creameries and
more than 1000 cooperative fruit and
produce associations in this country.
The idea of cooperative marketing
is becoming more popular each year in
the United States. according to men
who have been engaged in the gov
ernment's work of surveying this form
of business. and better results have
been obtained than under the
handling. Through the handling of
ative associations farmers have been
encouraged to improve their crops and
to standardize in the packing of prod
ucts. The discovery of the best daily
market has also been one of the prin-
cipal advantages of the system, re-
sulting in advantages, it is said, both
to the consumer and the producer.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-12-20
Exchange
of Prisoners.

public feeling In
The Star of December II. 1864. is a
news item telling of another batch of
arrivals of this character:
Since Wednesday morning $500 of
our exchanged prisoners have arrived
at Annapolis. 1900 of whom reached
there last evening from Charleston.
Their reports confirm all the previous
statements concerning the barba rites
of the rebels and are most horrible in
their details of individual suffering
In no INSTANCE has the full amount of
money and supplies forwarded them by
friends been delivered, and in most
cases none has ever reached its desti-
nation. having been appropriated by
the keepers of the several prisons. The
last number of prisoners were collect
ed from all parts of the Confederacy,
leaving the principal rebel prison still
full. The muster rolls of those who
arrived the 4th have already been ma de
out under the supervision of Capt. Po-
land of Gen. Augurs staff, and the men
will be paid off Monday. Those arriv-
ing yesterday will be paid next Thurs
day All receive two months pay,
of their Imprisonment, and furloughs
to visit their homes. Happier men
never assembled than those now COL
lected together AT Annapolis, awaiting
the means to carry them home"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-12-20
Federal
Success.

lowing editorial para graph regarding
them:
Secretary Stantons compactly word
ed bulletins of late military events,
every line of which conveys news of a
distinct Union success of magnitude,
have carried joy to loyal hearts i'll all
parts of the Union. The boastful Hood
routed after a fight that leaves to
him scarcely a corporal's guard of his
grand army of invasion. Forrest ter
ribly mauled. Cobb. Hardee. Bragg.
Beauregard & Company. who were to
bring Sherman to grief in the interior
of Georgia. not able to give even a
momentary check to Sherman in his
holiday march through the center of
rebeldom. Fort McAllister captured!
Savannah virtually in our possession
Porter and Butler laundering away
with imperative summons at the gates
of the most important Confederate sea-
coast points. The entire railroad COM
munication of the Confederacy broken
up, The rebels routed in east Ten
nessee, southwestern Virginia and
North Carolina: Grant 'massins his
troops in Il way that Scares Rich
mond. Surely the bottom of the Con-
federate tub is out at last
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-12-20

Business Oficc 18th 81. and Pennsylvania Avenue.
New York Office: Tribune building
Chicago Office: First National Bank Building.
European Otice: :; Regent St. London. England
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-12-20

The Evening star. with the Sunday morning
edition T. delivered by carriers within the "tty
at 81 cents per month; daily only. = ceris per
month: Sunday only. 20 cents per month or'ifls
may 10 by mail. t"Iepn'n. Main $40
Collection is made by carrier at the eai OF eaca
month.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-12-20

switzerland Is
after n hundred
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-12-20

Inc Violations of Horn. Eugene an
Mercy would be difficult today no,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-12-20

Petroleum engineers of the United
States bureau of mines have lust sen,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-12-20

An investigation which is unique
among instances both of government
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-12-20

More than one billion dollars worth
# agricultural products are sold
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-12-20

The Grisons in the commencement G
the thirty years war were nearI
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-12-20
EVOLUTION OF SWISS NEUTRALITY

Since 1915 the perpetual neutrality
OF switzerland and inviolability of her
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-12-20

that Switzerland pos
sesseS a strong and eff
hclent army adapted I,
the conditions of In
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-12-20

While interest centered in sherman:
expedition, the north recognized thai
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-12-20

actually confronted
years. by the danger
Of violation of hcr
neutrality. But ;herc
The parallel ceases.
for Sv itZerland. il
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-12-20

From time to time exchanged prison.
crs reached the north, and the stories
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-12-20
WHAT THE GOVERNMENT IS DOING

President Wilson's plea for adequate
provision by Congress for the survey
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-03-11
By Left Hook.

IT'D YOUNG, Atanta's hope" in
~ the featherweight class, fin
ishes his training to-day for his
ten round scrap with Knockout Egg
gers, of New York. tomorrow night
at the Georgia Athletic CLUB The
hard hitting newsboy has trained
faithfully, and will have no complaint
to make if he loses the decision.
Eggers is a clean-living little chap,
and upon his arrival o-day from
New Orleans where he held Kid Her
man TO a draw Monday night, he will
do but little work. He will probably
box few rounds this afternoon just
enough to timber up his muscles after
the fourteen-hour journey from the
home of Joe Mandot.
If Young gets the decision, or wins
by knockout-and it is by the X. Q.
route that the Kid expects Ia VIII
he is planning TO take a trip up East.
He figures that he can more than hold
his own with the best 122- Founders
around New York, Philadelphia and
Boston.
Eggers is a very shifty boxer and is
sure to give Young a heap of trou-
BILE The Kid win have to land mis-
famous haymaker to get the decision
for the New Yorker can outlook him
handily.
A boxer and a fighter always fur
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-03-11
Kid Young Pinned for Eggers
Expects to Land Sleep Wallop.

nish the best kind of battle, and
mats just the dope for tomorrow
night.
A CORKING card of preliminaries
have been arranged. Spider
Britt and his greatest rival. Meyer
Prizes, are going to hook up in an
eight-round affair These two boys
love each other-like baby loves
the Whooping cough
Spider used TO possess the ability
to just nose Meyer out. That was
year or two ago, but during the past
eighteen months Prizes has taken on a
lot of weight He figures that on
this account he will be more than
able to offset Spiders speed. II will
be q grudge scrap for fair.
There will be a siX-round mill be-
tween Kid York, the Handsome
NeWsboy, and Soldier Henry, from
Fort Mcpherson. These two lads
know little or nothing about the fine
points of the game, but they do love
to slug, and there win be plenty of
fireworks when they get going,
THE Georgia Athletic Club has Ger
4 tainly arranged an excellent card
for their opening show, and THEN
quarters at the corner of James and
Cone streets. are likely to be packed
from cellar to rafters by the time the
main bout starts.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1914-03-11

Dick Walker, who has managed some
Of the best lighters in the game, is max
ing an attempt to get Johnny kid"
Williams, claimant Of the bantamwetght
championship. to come to Atlanta for a
match with Jimmy Grant, Williams is
al present in Baltimore and Walker
thinks the Baltimore boy will be glad
TO take a trip to Atlanta.
Williams was Yesterday matched to
meet Johnny Coulon al Los Angeles on
June % and a match between the Balti-
more Scrapper and Grant ought to draw
match pending for New Orleans on
March 80 with Kid Herman.
Louis Cohen. manager Of Kid Young
will be a much disappointed party if X
O. Eggers take his protege to a lacing
o-morrow night Cohen has had Young
working like a Trojan for the past week
and says the local newsboy will be in
shape TO put up the battle Of his life
Jack johnson has turned down an
offer of big purse to meet Sam Lang
ford in London His excuse is that ne
beat Langford once, and would gain
nothing 10y doing it again
Kid Mccoy. who was matched to bat
tie Georges Carpenter on March IA, has
been forced to call off the bout The
Kid has been suffering from an attack
Of malaria and finds IL impossible to get
in good enough form 10 box the French
wonder
Frank Moran, matched to fight Jack