davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-11-01

rural districts, and, in combination
with the other influences of the great
city, produces far more harmful re-
suits.
1T is, therefore, the unmistakable
duty of the state to fight alcoholism
with every weapon, if necessary by re-
lentlessly taxing all kinds of alcoholic
drinks, and by strictly limiting the
right to sell them
This attitude is very different from
that of Frederick the Great. That sol
der issued manifesto in 1879 de-
ploring the increased consumption OF
coffee. in which he said:
''The increased consumption of coffee
by my subjects and the amount OF
money that goes out of the country in
consequence constitute cause of regret
Everybody is using coffee. This must
no longer be. My subjects must drink
beer His majesty was brought up on
beer, and so We're his ancestors. In
Vulnerable battles have been fought
and won by soldiers nourished on beer
and the king does not believe that
coffee-drinking soldiers can be de-
pended upon to endure hardship or to
conquer his enemies should another
war occur.
Earl Kitchener adjured troops OF
Great Britain against the use of liquor.
Earl Kitchener has announced that no
presents of wine or spirits will be ac-
cepted for the troops at the front and
that none will be forwarded to them.
:: !.
The car of Russia takes his stand
on the side of temperance in the army
and by the order of the government
the sale of vodka was stopped when
mobiliza ton began and the vodka
shops throughout Russia remain closed
One of the significant acts of the Rus
sian army commanders when the in
vasion of East Prussia began was to
close the drinking places.
When the stories of German atrocities
began to circulate in England these
things were ascTibed Immediately to
drink which the soldiers had obtained
in the Meuse valley. On this subject
the London Chronicle said:
1T is suspected that drunkenness has
had something to dc with the German
; trocities. This may well be. Tor the
advance of the kaiser's army has been
through one OF the great wine districts
OF IIr~ope as the very names of such
..+aoned brands as Burgundy and Mo-
salle will testify In the advance along
the Meuse valley in particular the
troops would find abundant supplies OF
wine laid ready to their hands for it is
the practice to store the wine in the
caves along the bank of the river in
such fashion that when in flood its
waters will cover the bottles. The mud
deposit left when the water recedes is
Thought to increase the quality of the
Alcoholic drink forms no part of the
ration of the French troops, though
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-11-01

lea. which are practically subsidiary,
though actually are Independent f1nan-
cial institutions. American banks were
not in position to follow a similar
system.
The best banking minds, who seri-
ously studied the South American con-
ditions. were of the opinion that the
only practical scheme was to establish
branch banks. and the old national
banking law did not permit of the es-
Establishment of branches in foreign
countries any more than in the United
States. The federal reserve act cured
this defect. American branch banks in
South America now will have all the
advantages of independent institutions,
together with the benefit of the parent
banks in the United States.
The question of personnel proved a
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-11-01
STATUE OF BOLIVAR AT LIMA. PERI.

native institutions. The Bolivian Bank
of the Nation is in the process of re-
organization. The authorized capital
is $20.000.000. The government pro-
poses to take 100000 shares. and to
name three out of the seven directors
Colombia has not much foreign cap
tai invested in her banks. The dis
ordered currency and matters of a po-
litical character have discouraged the
establishment of European banking
institutions, although local Ger-..''
capital has established some. Both Brit
ish and French banks have been invited
by the Colombian government to come
into the field, but their advances have
been cautious, although there are local
banks, the capital of which is con-
trolled by foreigners jointly with ma
tive capitalists Recent events indi-
cate that American banks may be the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-11-01

This is still the British system. but
in the course of years il has developed
a very efficient corps of experience:
bankers. who know the language and
the customs of the different countries
and who are adopts in international
finance. They are conservative, and.
according to the American idea a little
slow. but they are the men who have
made the big profits for the London
banks and the capitalists who furnish
the capital for the South American in
situations. Many of them are Scotch.
When Germany began to establish
banks in South America she did not
send out raw material She drew or
the men who had had fairly extensive
experience in South American trade
and through them trained her corps of
banking experts. This is still the Ger
man practice.
grew out of the Spanish business COM
munity, and it was not necessary to
send to Spain for banking employees,
although close connection was main
tanned with some of the large financial
institutions in Barcelona and Madrid
The French and Italian banks were
also largely the outgrowth of local
business conditions. although in the
case of the French institutions the
directing forces were in Paris.
x !.
looked over the field when the subject
was first discussed declared that a
very serious distance was that thor.
were so few young men with bankin..
aptitude who knew Spanish and the
customs of the American Gown
tries. Spanish would answer for all o.
them except Brazil
The military occupation of Cuba. tire
absorption of Porto Rico and the pos
session of the Philippines have helped
to obviate this difficulty. Men who
were in the government service III
those countries during the last ten O.
twelve years have obtained "A knowi-
edge of the language. and also have
acquired experience which aids in fit
ting them for banking responsibilities
1t Is from this class that Americas
banks in South America are likely
draw their employees.
American branch banks may not be
extended as rapidly as impatient Amer
leans would like, but the main point
that the long-felt need. which was !,
real need, of American banks in Soit
America is going to be met. The Eu
ropean sftua ton, which has made draft;
on London unsatisfactory to South
American importers and to American
exporters, is certain to be cured.
Exchange on New York instead of ex-
change on London is one of the prime
factors in extending American trade ia
South America. After that will come
the larger benefits of having American
financial institutions finance American
commercial transactions.
Later more contracts may he obtained
by American contractors. and this viii
mean larger purchases of material in
the United States.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-11-01
SUE. JANEIRo. SHOWING o

nationality.
i, 4
Notwithstanding the discourage
ments, careful studies of the situation
were made at times by Americans who
had banking backing. The general
plan usually was to acquire a control
ling interest in some bank native to
the country, and to operate it largely
through the native element. The prin-
ciple was sound, since the good will of
the local community is essential to
any bank.
Not long ago plan for the establish
ment of an American mortgage bank
in Buenos Aires met with favor on the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-11-01

as the Bank of the Nation. 1t is No
1G among the sixty banks OF
the world which have deposits in ex-
cess of s10O.000,0Ge. According to the
latest report, that for 1918, its de-
posits were s230,OoG,o0o.
The deposits of the Bank of France
FOR tue same year Were reported as
$4,000 900. The Argentine Bank OF
tie Nation was only s3.o00.O0o below
the EresGncr Bank OF Germany, whose
deposits are frequently cited as an
Illustration of German thrift
The Bank of the Nation is the gov
eminent fiscal agency. and it's vaults
hold the gold or which the Argentine
paper currency is based. This is known
as the conversion fund 1t has 80
branches throughout the republic. Its
savings deposits are heavy
When the disturbance in credits fol
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-11-01

proba bly, before entering this war the
great majority of the soldiers of France
were moderate drinkers of light beer
and light wines. No doubt many bot
tie of wine has found it's way to the
French fighting forces. but the govern
ment of France utterly ignores TINS
peace-time habit of it's troops. and con-
SiderS such refreshment unnecessary.
There is one habit which the govern
ments not only refrain from disturbing.
but which they are careful to supply
the means for it's qualification. That Is
the tobacco habit. 1t is considered nee
essary for the discipline and comfort
and temper of troops that they shall
have tobacco. The cutting off OF the
supply of liquor from troops in the field
is always attended by improved eff
cheney, but any limita ton in the supply
of tobacco has always been marked by
such a degree of discomfort as to i'm
pair discipline.
Drunkenness is an old vice not espe-
cially confined to armies. but rather
closely associated with them Fighting
men and drinking men were often the
same. Oliver Cromwell was one Of the
early military commanders who insisted
been narrated that when his troops
were quartered at Burton on-Trent
many succumbed to the good ale brewed
in the locality and he ordered that
WhoSoever shall be found drunke shall
forthwith be committed. and have moth
ing but bread and water for twenty
four hours On the second offence. to
ride with two fiagons or pots at his
backe, and for the third to be casheard
wicked and common wretch"
X
The temperance reform edict of the
Car of Russia is not only a momentous
event of the war. but momentous
event of all time. Vodka has done more
to debauch Russia and check progress
than any other cause. 1t was sold in
the streets and IN shops under the con-
troll of the recommendations. bearing
above their door the imperial Russian
eagle. There have been reports that
the revenue to the Russian government
from the manufacture and sale of this
burning. desperate liquor was more
than five hundred million dollars. one
third OF the total income of the gov
eminent.
The vodka evil has been recognized 10y
Count White, who. as minister of
finance. brought the vodka industry
under the governments ownership aft
er it had paid high excise tax. pro-
tested against the results Of the ex-
pertinent. The president Of the state
council in February. 1914, declared
Russia was fattening on the degrade
ton and drunkenness of its people. and
Gen. Europatkin, in his published mem
oirs. referred to the mobilization of
soldiers in 1904 as disgraceful, because
of the use of vodka by troops and
ness in Russia has been commented on
by authoritative sources and the alarm
ing spread Of intemperance has been
noted. The Russian press and the wiae
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-11-01
HARBoR OF SANTOS. BRAZIL, !

European Banks
Which Reap Big Prof
its - Deposits Which
Rank With Those of
the Worlds Leading
Financial Institutions.
Preponderance of Brit
ish Capital-Exchange
Not the Only Source
of Gain High Dis
count Rates-Inviting
Field for American
Branch Banks Serv-
ices to Commerce.
BY CHARLES M. PEPPER,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-11-01

find these profits especially satisfactory
IN view of the tribulations which the
war has brought them in their home
field.
*
Foreign banking in South America
may be said to have begun a little
more than half a century ago. It
was in 1862 that the London and River
Plate Bank was established in Buenos
Aires. 1t had subscribed capital of
approximately s7.50o.Oo0. of which s4,-
100000 was paid in. 1t has now a sub
scribed capital of s14.soo.O0o. of which
ss.760,000 is paid up. Its reserve is a
fraction under $4,000. 900.
During the early years when it was
spreading out and establishing branch
es. comfortable dividends were paid.
In 1895 II was going along at a dfvi-
with occasional additional dividends in
the way of bonuses. For eight or ten
years thereafter it paid 10 per cent.
then it acquired the 90 per cent divi-
dend as an annual habit. with the plus
sign in some years. Two years ago
the shareholders were presented with a
special bonus of ten shillfngs, or $2.43,
per share.
The net profits of the London and
River Plate Bank last year were a
trifie over 100000. while balance
of s1.5o0.ooO was carried forward. The
deposits and current account now
range from s75,000.o00 upward.
The Anglo-South American Bank,
that has a subscribed capital of a frac-
ton under s22.0O0.OOO, of which
$i1.0OO.O00 is paid up. joys along at
a dividend rate of IL per cent. Last
year it's net profits were in excess of
S1,500.0 900.
The British Bank of South America
IN 1913 paid Il per cent on paid-up
capital of f1.0OO.000 sterling. or $780,
200 The regular dividend was IL per
cent. and the bonus brought it up to
II per cent Then there was an addi-
tional bonus of per cent. which made
the actual return on the capital in
vested 20 per cent.
the London and Brazilian Bank also
paid a dividend of 20 per cent on a
capital of 100000. This institution
was established u little over half
century ago on a capital of f750,000
sterling, or approximately $3.50. 200.
For many years 1t maintained con-
sentative dividend rate of 10 per cent,
but with the increase of capital the
rate was advanced until in 1913 with
the bonus. it amounted to 20 per cent
The profits of these five leading Euro
pean banks of South America have
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-11-01

ana progressive element of the Russia
population are reported as enthusias
over the declaration by the Russia
emperor that the sale of alcohol by tn.
government is forever forbidden i,
Russia.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-11-01

perplexing one years ago when serious
efforts began to be made to establish
American banks. The British banks,
having begun half a century ago. have
had ample material from which to draw
their personnel. Originally, the EN-
ployes of London banks were drawn on
and went out under contract for from
three to five years.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-11-01

ANKING in South
America has it's
romance. Also it
has had, and still
has, its profits
which reach ro-
m an tic figures.
Some of the big
European banks
which are inter
ested in financial
| n s tit utions in
South America
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-11-01

THE cause of temperance has
achieved notable progress. not
only among the civil population.
but the military population of the
world. Efforts have been made and
still are making by the master men of
the troops of Europe and the other
parts of the world involved in the pres
cnt monster tragedy to interdict or re-
strict the drinking of spirituous liquors
by soldiers. and in a large measure to
limit the drinking of even malt
liquors.
This effort by the leading soldiers
of the world to keep alcohol out of the
brain and the blood of their men is
based on moral grounds. but the
primary reason is to promote efficiency
in the troops. The health of nom
drinking or extremely temperate
drinking soldiers is better than that of
soldiers who encourage or crafty
thirst for alcohol, The endurance of
such men is greater. their nerves
steadier. their discipline better and
.he danger OF atrocities and of I'M
seemIy conduct toward non-combat-
ants is very r.uch less.
Medical opinion against the use of
ardent spirits by soldiers is unanimous.
In the hospital it still has its uses as a
temporary stlmulant, but even here
there are substitutes which are widely
preferred. The rum ration, or 'grog."
was long ago abolished in the United
States Navy. and in most OF the other
navies. and the chief argument made
in behalf of the restriction of the sale
of beer in American army "canteenS,"
or soldier shops. is that it promotes
temperance because it tends to keep
soldiers on their own reservation and
away from places where they are sold
strong liquor, and perhaps extraordi-
narily impure liquor at that.
The attitude of the German military
authorities against drinking and
against drunkenness was given world
wide publicity long before this war
"eGdcned the face OF the earth The
KAISER inveiehed against beer. which
in the ina gipation of many people is a
German staff of life. Against the use
oi :iery drink the kaiser long ago took
d markedly hostile position. Gen
Bernhadi, whose writings attracted
vide attention at the time of their
publication. and have been almost uni
versally discussed since the war began,
in considering the question of German
efficiency in every sphere Of work and
endeavor. wrote:
The factors which stunt physical
development may be found in the hous-
ing conditions, in the plea ure-seeking
town li16,and in alcoholism.
This aEtter vice is far more preva-
lent in the large cities than in the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-11-01

were small but aggressive groups. Yet
nowhere was there an American colony
which in numbers could compare with
the English, who are the least numer-
Gus, but who have the greatest share
of the business. Italian, French, Span
ish and German nationals in the South
American countries were actually
numerous enough to provide a certain
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-11-01

part of some of the bankers in New
York. Yet, generally. responsible bank
ing capital hesitated to venture into
South America, because of the differ
ence between the American banking
system and the European banking sys-
TEN.
1t is easy for the European bank to
be interested in banks in South Amer
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-11-01

During the commercial crisis in Argen-
tina last year the Bank of the Nation
maintained a discount rate of Z per cent.
This was a steadying factor. but Ar
gentina sometimes experiences a much
higher rate. especially at periods when
two-name paper is difficult to negotiate.
The South American system of long
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-11-01

Interest rates in the South American
countries are much higher than in Eu-
rope or the United States and this is
one source Of the romantic profits. Com
mercial discounts may be said to aver
age to 10 per cent. although there is
a wide variation among the different
countries Twelve per cent is not con-
sidered excessive.
In Columbia ordinary bank loan
with the discount at is per cent is not
uncommon. while "A per cent eXcites no
surprise The profit is assumed to be
merely proportionate to the risk in ac-
cordanca with The cardinal principle of
banking and with tine knowledge that
the bankers practice of passing the risk
along cannot be followed because there
is seldom any one to whom il can be
passed.
In Chile Il discount rate of 10 per cent
is not unusual. and the diSordered cur
rency affords opportu nities for specula-
tive profits which would make conserva-
tive bankers stand aghast. Some of the
Chilean banks pay per cent interest on
time deposits.
The Chilean government notwithstaIld-
ing the unstable currency, protects the
national credit. When the European war
broke out Chile had about S35 900 600
gold on deposit in London banks as a
conversion fund for its paper currency
Some years ago small part of this
fund was placed with a New York bank,
and doubtless the Chilean government
now wishes that more of the gold was
there.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1914-11-12
FIND SLAIN GIRL IN
LA CROSSE RIVER
CHAUFFEUR is HELD FOLLOWING
DISCOVERY OF MUTT
LATED BODY.
WAS VICTIM OF AUTO RIDE
Slayer Beats Victim With HAMMER
Cuts Throat and Throws Body
in River Near the City
of La Crosse.

La Crosse.-The girl who was bru-
tally murdered here has been posi-
lively identified by two sisters as Pe-
ira Solberg, unmarried. Doctors per-
formed an autopsy and found that she
had been in delicate condition
Henry Lyso, married, aged 80, chauf-
feur for S. Y. Hyde. millionaire OF
this city, has been arrested by the
police and placed in jail pending an
investigation. The girl was domes-
tic employed by Hyde's son and had
told story to her sister, it is alleged,
duplicating Lyso.
The young woman was taken from
the city in an automobile to a point
three miles from town on the south
road to West Salem and was there
outraged, beaten about the head and
face with an automobile hammer, her
throat cut from ear to ear, and her
body thrown into the La Crosse river.
A passing farmer boy, noticing a
spot of blood on the highway, followed
the trail through road and fence and
wood to the river, where the body was
found partly submerged in the water.
The authorities were summoned and
the body was removed to the city. 1t
was so badly mutilated that identifi-
cation was difficult
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1914-11-12
CHURCHMEN ELECT HEADS
INSTRUMENTATION Conference OF
Wisconsin Federation Of Churches
Held in Fond du Lac.

Fond du Lac.-At the business SEES
sion OF the INSTRUMENTATION con
ference of the Wisconsin Federation
of Churches, NJ G. Allison OF Madison
was elected president Other officers
were elected as follows:
First vice president S. Ingra-
ham, Fond du Lac.
Second vice president-H. A. Miner,
Madison.
Third vice president-R. A. Ash.
worth, Milwaukee
Secretary-E. c. Dixon, Madison.
Treasurer-W J. Mckay. Madison.
Executive board-lIenry Colman, ].
b. Dawson, X. S. Donaldson. Milwau-
kee; J, l.. Huppert Beaver Dam; NJ.
G. Allison, Madison.
Chairman of committee on eyangel.
ism-S. II. Anderson, Milwaukee
Industrial condition-C. J. Galpin.
Milwaukee.
Christian education w. Hulburt,
Wauwatosa.
Social service-II. Stauffer, Mena-
sha
Legislative-W. J. Mckay, Madison
Sunday rest-H. II. Erffmeyer. Fond
du Lac
A resolution was adopted authorlz.
ing an investigation of the work being
done at the state university by the
various churches. the investigation to
be conducted with the purpose OF CO.
operation rather than criticism
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1914-11-12
TEACHERS ELECT OFFICERS
Association in Milwaukee Meeting
Name Other State Officers
Pass Resolutions.

Milwaukee.-Burton E. Nelson, SUI
perintendent of schools, Racine, was
elected president of the Wisconsin
Teachers association. The other cleo
lions are as follows: Treasurer, G. f,
LOOMS, Waukesha; first vice presi-
dent II. M. Comins, Ripon; second
vice president, J. F. Noyitski, Green
Bay; third vice president, Miss M. ID.
Cuenot Mansion. The secretary of
the association will be chosen by the
officers and the executive board. c.
+. Patzer, former president, was I'M
animouslv elected to the committee on
legislation.
Memorial resolutions on the death
of the following members of the as
ISOLATION were passed: George Peck
ham, +. A Hutchins and l. M. Nit
Chell.
A resolution that the high schools
IN small cities and villages promote
the physical welfare of nonresident
students by providing them with warm
MONDAY luncheons at nominal cost.
and that they supply these students
with wholesome amusements by per-
hitting them to use the building as
Il social center, was also passed.