Grand Forks daily herald. (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1914-1916, 1914-10-07
winter Will Be
new FOE SHORTLY
of Europe Will then
Face More Difficult Fea-
lures Of War.
(Kansan: city Ttntes)

18Th .-
i Within the next two months q new
factor will have entered the European
war-the cold of -winter-whick the
field armies will fndla more .presis-
tent, a more formidable enemy than
the troops Of opposing nations. The
first advance Of winter has been felt
already by the soldiers, %intrenched
along the River AisIe. Chilly winds,
following a wet week, sent a shiver
than anything else: cold weather will
hamper the mobility OF the armies.
Their already heavily taxed transports
trains will have the added burden Of
winter supplies, Tr6ofB Will not be
able to cut loose FROM their advance
bases, even for BRIEF feriods:&Shelter
and" warmth will have to be provided
at each stop of a., marching force, no
easy task when millions are on the
battle lines. ;: -. "a go
/: Undoubtedlysthe general STATS. of
both sides have elaborate preparations
made. to keep the suffering necessarily.
caused by winter at a minimum, but
the greatest of human endavors cannot
eliminate all h%ardships, even If an
army is given a permanent station.
and no movement made until spring.
Washington had .one"-brilliant sue
cess in the Revolutionary War by dis
regarding. the extreme hardships .of
winter. and attackinget the Hessians at
Trenton His .arnyj:renaained active
several weeks after. Christmas that
year, but. ultimately ives forced into
Inactivity The. sufferings at Valley
Forge show the formidable enemy
winter can be. .
In the Crimean War fighting. prac-
tically stopped with the battle Of
Inkerman, November %5;:r 1854. The
Russians retired into sebastopol and
the allies built a permanent camp Of
investment around It.
In u civil war considerable fight
ing was done in the winter months,
but all the more important campaigns
began in the. spring and were sus-
pended whe n cold !. weather came.
After Lee whipped Burnside at Fred
e~ricksburg, December 10, 1862, he was
not bothered by any large active Fed
eral force until May of the following
year, when Hooker attempted to
march on Richmond. Grant rested and
recruited. his army in the winter OF
'1~S64-1865. 49,
sherman's march was made in the
winter months and, even in that
southern climate, the suffering from
cold among his troops a intense.
Grant campaigned against Ft. Henry
and Fl. Donelson In February, 1862,
and the following winter was active in
Mississippi.
In more modern wars winter has not
caused a cessation of hostilities, but
it has diminished operations. The Jap
anese advance on Mukden in 1904 was
halted about the first Of September. by
severe cold. Neither army was pre-
pared to Withstand: winter, so for a
month the fighting forces lay inactive
almost within stricking distance. A few
engagements. were fought. in October
then operations practically halted un-
til February 10. when the. Japanese
army, swathed in ~evercoats and padd-
ed leggings began to advance.
. The Investment Of cities" has been
less affected by cold weather than the
operations Of field armies. The reason
build permanent earth huts, where a
small fire and the bodily warmth Of a
squad Of men will keep them nearly
as comfortable as in their own homes.
The Japanese assault t on ;2e3-Meter
Hill was made on November 30. Port
Arthur ~capitulated, after q series Of
assaults, January q. 1905:
n war b~etweenethe. Balkan allies
and Turkey. contrary to usual custom
began In the fall. Most, all-wars have
been inaugurated In the spring and
summer. The troops Of Bulgaria, Ser
via, Greece and Montenegro started
to war with complete winter kits,
heavy ~overcoats. thick blankets and
shelter tents. ~,
None Of the armies nowin the field,
except the Russians and Belglangprob-
ably, have headdresses that Mi1isafford
adequate protection for the winter.
All probably will be able to Withstand
the cold fairly we'll until the nrst Of
the year, when winter will begin to
make inroads. unless protection Is
Is given.