davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-12-26

chilled before being taken to market
arrive In much better condition. Ice
in the country home, therefore. is OF
value for a greater number of pur-
poses than at first might seem.
The source Of the ice supply varies
with local conditions. In many Sec
tons, lakes, rivers, or large streams
afford a supply of suitable Ice without
special plan or preparation on the
part of man. In other instances,
where such natural sources are not
easily accessible, small streams, or
even the water from spring, can
be stored in an excavation or by
means of dam, 30 as to afford suffl-
cient water surface to provide the
desired ice supply. The harvest area
or surface will depend upon the ton
mage to be stored and the normal
thickness of the ice in the locality
In central New York the normal ice
supply ranges from eight to twelve
inches in thickness, while in eastern
Virginia four to six inches is as
great a thickness as can usually be
counted upon.
The stream or pond from which
the supply of ice Is taken should be
fed from source free from con-
tamination or pollution. IL the
stream is so sluggish that water
weeds thrive In it, all vegetation
must be removed to prevent it's
freezing in the ice. Decaying vege-
| table matter frozen in ice is very
objectionable, because as the Ice
melts this matter is deposited In the
Ice box or refrigerator, rendering it
unnecessarily filthy and dangerous TO
health.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-12-26
TO STIR MILK WHILE COOLING 1T
IS IMPORTANT, SAY THE EXPERTS

tank was 626 F. The milk that was
stirred cooled from nearly 80 degrees
to slightly above so degrees in three
hours. The unstirred milk did not get
down to a similar temperature for
four hours and fifteen minutes. Mean
while, In the unstirred milk, all the
milk above the water level in the run
ming water was five to six degrees
warmer. The comparatively rapid
decrease In temperature when the
milk was thoroughly stirred at inter-
walls of fifteen minutes demonstrates
the advantage of agitating the milk
while cooling.
The advantage of stirring is empha-
sized by the fact that at the time the
milk was stored the temperature of
the room was over six degrees warmer
than was the case when the unst.rred
milk was put into the running water.
The time taken to cool the milk In
either case, however, is too great for
good results, and the test served best
to demonstrate the necessity of en-
ploying some form Of milk cooler suit
able for farm use, and more efficient
than running we'll water
Where Ice is plentiful and may be
had at nominal cost, il is easy to re-
duce the temperature OF the milk to
40 degrees r. This may be done By
running the milk or cream over some
form of cooler around which cracked
ice, or a mixture of Ice and salt, ie
placed, or through which ice water is
circulated.
Where the milk is placed in cans
and set merely in cold water, or even
in a tank filed with ice water, the
cooling goes on very slowly, especially
If the cans are large.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-12-26

falfa the soil had an abundance OF
well decomposed organic matter all
through it.
4. The seed bed must be thorough
ly prepared The ground should be
plowed at least a month before plant
ing time and should be narrowed
over every week and after every rain.
sprouted and killed and the soil mois-
ture is conserved
8. Planting must be made at the
proper time From August l to 20
has been found best for this section.
If planted much later than this the
young plants do not secure a suf-
ficient start before cold weather sets
in.
6. The necessary bacteria must be
applied Many soils do not naturally
contain the particular bacteria which
alfalfa must have to take nitrogen
from the air for the best growth Of
the plant. This must be supplied by
spreading over the fed soil from an
other field in which alfalfa has been
growing, or by inoculating the seed
with commercial alfalfa bacteria,
which may be secured from the gov
eminent or from almost any seed
house. The soil should be applied at
the rate of at least 500 pounds per
acre and narrowed in Immediately.
The commercial inoculating material
will be used according to directions
on the package.
Z. Good seed is q very important
consideration. Buy it from a reli-
able scotsman and send a sample to
the State laboratory, at New Bruins
wick, to be tested.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-12-26

mus test shows that the soil is acid
lime must be applied. Two to three
thousand pounds of burned lime per
acre or twice that quantity of ground
limestone is used. II would be wei
to apply part or all Of 1t to the crop
preceding the alfalfa.
g. The soil must contain an album
dance of organic matter and mineral
plant food. When once established
alfalfa will secure it's own nitgogen
from the air, but until the bacteria
begin their work some nitrogen must
be provided for the young plants
Tho New Jersey Experiment Station
, recommends an application of 300
pounds Of acid phosphate $50 pounds
| of muriate of potash, 100 pounds of
ground bone and rs pounds of nitrate
of soda per acre. Some men secure
their organic matter by applying a
heavy coating of stable manure to
thick sod plowed under for corn
This corn was followed with a cover
crop of rye, which was plowed under
the following spring when oats and
peas were planted. In this way, when
the oat and pea stubble was plowed
under in July in preparation for al
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-12-26

Some Of the best dairy farmers
Of this section are convinced that al
falfa cannot be grown successfully
and profltably in Northern New Jer-
sey and our severe winters and I'M
favorable soil conditions are usually
held responsible. The conviction IN
most cases is a perfectly natural
one for many of these men have
tried 1t and for some reason, which
they cannot explain. have failed to
secure a good stand.
There are, on the other hand, q
number of farms on which alfalfa is
being grown today and it would be
hard work to convince their owners
that the crop is q failure.
Perhaps one of the biggest alfalfa
growers in this section is W. S.
Stools, manager of the Kessler es-
tate at Riverdale, in Bergen county.
Mr. Stools made three cuttings ON
seventeen acres this season and har-
vested a total yield of Ave and one
quarter tons per acre or eighty-nine
and one-quarter tons for the entire
tract. This August Mr.. Stools gave
testimony to his faith in the crop
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-12-26
Trimming Grape Vines
PELARGONIUMS ARE GOOD PLANTS
FOR GROWING nv THE HOUSE

In the entire realm OF Towering
plants grown for the decoration of
window garden, conservatory and
greenhouse, nothing eXcels in gor-
geous brilliancy of coloring the
pelargonium, perhaps better known
to many as the Martha Washing
ton Geranium.' Ranging from
white through shades of pink to
dark red, often blotched with a
darker shade, the markings of many
varieties resemble those of orchids.
Hitherto the most serious objection
to the extensive cultivation of these
plants has been their comparatively
short Towering period, covering at
most six or eight weeks in spring,
after which It was necessary to carry
them over to the following season.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-12-26

by seeding down some twenty addi-
tional acres. On October Ia, the
In this way the soil is firmed beneath,
made fine on top, the weeds are
plants averaged over five inches IN
height and stood as thick as tho
hair on the proverbial dogs back. A
fertile soil with good drainage, an
abundance Of lime, good seed and
thorough preparation and incubation
of the. seed bed are the secrets Of
success on this farm.
A brief study of the methods used
by successful growers of alfalfa in
Northern New Jersey brings out the
following facts with regard to the
conditions which seem to be essential
for successful alfalfa growing
!. Good drainage. Alfalfa roots go
deep and the plant will not grow
with wet feet" If the surfa ce
water covers the plants for any
length of time they win be killed.
On portions of Mr.. Stools first plant
ing considerable areas have been
killed in this way. On his last seed
ing he has provided against that pos
sibility.
2. The soil must be sweet. If a lit
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-12-26

In a new race of ever blooming
pelargoniums recently introduced
from Germany, it seems the flower
ing period has been extended to
cover at least six or eight months vt
the year. The variety Easter
Greeting" as Powered In the expert.
ment stations greenhouses the past
two seasons, has been one Of the
most satisfactory novelties ever
tested. The habit of the plant is COM
pact and dwarfish. while its rich
colors and prolificacy of bloom rank
1t with such plants as the fines
shrubbery azaleas. Differing from
azaleas, however, this pelargonium
is easy of propagation, and should
soon be offered at prices which will
bring it within the reach OF ALL
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-12-26
GRADE CORN WHEN 1T IS ON
THE EAR AND NOT SHELLED

Seed corn may be graded better
before the cars are shelled than
afterwards Specialists in corn in
vestigations consider it difficult to
grade shelled corn satisfactorily.
If the seed ears vary greatly as to
size of kernel they should be sep
arated into two OF three grades. ac-
cording to size of kernel. These
grades should be shelled separately,
tested in the corn planter, and num-
bered to correspond with the number
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-12-26

on the planter plates that are found
to drop them most uniformly. These
arrangements can be completed oe.
fore the rush of spring work begins.
The first operation in properly
shelling seed corn is the removal OF
the small kernels from the tips OF
the ears and the round thick kernels
from the butts. The former are less
productive than the other kernels OF
the ear, but do not plant uniformly
in a planter.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-12-26
ASK "THE QUESTION BOX"
What Y MAnt to Know Ahout Gardening, Poultry and E0
try Problems Answered by Experts.

only =
be In
fully also
Address
ton Box" Evening Newark, N j.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-12-26
Advantage of an Agricultural Course.

Advantage OF an AgrIcuItnraI Uourso
Of what advantage to q young
farmer is a course In an agricultural
college? G. M.
Newton.
1t is of decided advantage, especially
If he has farm experience back of 1t.
1t teaches him the underlying prin-
ciples of his business, from which II
a man works he is much more likely
to succeed than II he simply works
from tradition or custom. 1t also
broadens h s outlook on life. which in
itself is desirable and makes him re.
spect his business. which is still more
desirable.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-12-26
Feeding without EnsiIaEe.

In the absence of ensilage, should
cows be fed hay two or three times a.
day for best results? NJ. p.
Matawan.
It really makes very little differ
ence with or without ensilage wheth-
er cows are fed two or three times a
day, so long as they are fed regu.
larly and at the same time each day.
The period from o'clock at night
to 6 o'clock in the morning Is no
shorter than the same time from
morning till night; and no man gets
up at midnight to feed his COWS. II
is largely a matter OF personal con-
venience.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-12-26

Would Gin old garden be G. suitable
place to try alfslfa? T. W. S.
Newark.
Many have been very successful ia
getting O first stand of alfalfa on
an old garden patch. Such Is usual
ly full of decayed vegetab matter.
available plant food. IN good tilth
and free from weed seeds. After
such a plat is established soil from
it can be obtained TO inoculate
larger areas.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-12-26


.eepinG Lambs in winter-Breedlng
Sheep.
Which would be the more profit
Die on a 200-acre farm, dairying or
seding lambs in winter? Is it best
} breed pure-bred sheep and why?
Somervile. A. X. NJ.
This will depend on the character
the crops grown on the farm, its
stance from q dairy market and
amount of labor available. The
Try will bring in a monthly income
I'd furnish a large amount of fer
izing material, but it will demand
ily attention. The lambs require
nparatively little labor. and that
the winter when work is not
esing They will turn into cash
Il and other grains grown on the
II, as well as hay. II purchased
5ely there should be not only d
n in weight but a material gain
selling over purchase price. There
5 no stock that requires such care
III handling as winter lambs fatten-
1g for market, but when so handled
hey yield nice margin of profit.
1t is always best to keep pure-bred
took because the improvements in
II animals have been obtained
through line or pure breeding. Each
# the several leading breeds have
peculiar merits which have been
established in this way. Pure-breds
will produce more mutton and wool
rom a given amount of feed than
hose bred Unfortunately and their
progeny will be worth very much
more for breeding. The man of mod
rate means can scarce afford to in
vest in a flock Of pure-bred ewes,
hut he cannot afford to have any
thing else than a pure bred male,
and from this progeny he can very
soon develop a flock of sheep that for
symmetry and productiveness will
be nearly equal to pure-breds.
Trimming Grape Vines.
What is the best way to trim
grapevines set two years? H. A.
Newark.
Trim to not over two canes, de-
pending on the vigor of the vine as
shown by the growth made. Many
vines probably should not be left
with over one. The number left will
also depend upon the system IF
training to be used and the height
of the wires.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-12-26
Raising NIuskmeIons.

Raising MuskmelOns.
What is the proper way to raise
muskmelons? W. H. M.
Newark.
Enrich the land with manure and
fertilizer. Sow seed of a good va
riety, six feet apart, allowing three
pants to the hill Hoe and cultivate
frequently. Pinch off the tips when
three to four feet long.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-12-26
FARM FACTS

Good clover or alfalfa hay un-
doubtedly makes the best roughness
there is for young calves. When
taken from pasture they. as we'll as
their mothers, need extra good care
and feed to save shrink, and even
then they are likely to fall away
the first thirty days. With good
clover or alfalfa, however. they will
come out all right in the spring. A
warm shelter helps, too.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-12-26

Now is one of the best times to haul
out and apply manure on the
meadows, and manuring the meadows
is one of the best plans of keeping up
the fertility.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-12-26

The seed catalogues will be here be-
fore you realize it. Decide what you
want TO grow and then be ready to
make up your lists OF varieties and
do your seed shopping early.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-12-26

Eggs should be gathered several
times day, lest they freeze, partic-
ilsrly If you are TO save them for
matching purposes.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-12-26

Il you are going 10 buy an incu-
ostor this spring you should be study
ing the various makes by this time
and soon you must mako up your
mind about what you want.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-12-26

Be sure that your thermometer Is
correct. Many matches have been
spoiled by neglect of this sort.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-12-26

Give the old incubator n careful
inspection before the time comes
when you want TO use il.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-12-26

Have you plenty Of ventilation in
The poultry house? Open the doors
and windows wide on fine days and
let the sunshine and air in.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-12-26

Make your plan on paper and draw
y to q scale so that il is large enough
20 be Of use as q ready reference.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-12-26

Liberal feeding is essential during
the cold weather, but be sure TO
make the birds work for their living.
Have plenty of litter to insure an
active hunt for food.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-12-26

Have you planned next years gar
3en2 II not, start work on it now.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-12-26

II you have an epidemic Of colds,
examine the poultry house carefully
gor drafts and dampness. Many
lossos could be prevented by atten-
ton to such details.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-12-26

II you would prevent sun-scald, put
boards up on the southwestern ex-
posture of your fruit trees.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-12-26

Except q few sections OF this coun-
try where soil conditions are very ia
vorable, potatoes DO not generally re-
suit in exciting crops Some farmers
grow a surplus, but many farmers do
not grow enough tubers for their own
use. That better potatoes and larger
average crops can be grown over
wide sections OF this country is a
certainty, as has been shown by the
few who have made potato culture
a study.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-12-26

Common hydranges can be brought
INTO perfection in about ten weeks.
They should be started in a cool
3laee with q temperature Of forty
i've to forty-eight degrees. Syringe
The canes once or twice a day In
3rder to help the buds break. After
he growth has started, the tempera-
.nre should be increased TO siXty-five
8r seventy degrees II you SOW
.andytuft, mignonette, ten weeks
stoelks and sweet peas now, they will
loom during late spring and early
summer.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-12-26

Tramp the snow down around each
fruit tree to prevent damage by bur
rowing mice.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-12-26

View Is the time to DO your propa-
FasfnG work. The cold weather usual
y necsRsitates hard firing in the
gresDaouss, thereby insuTing plenty
~ bottom heas. Cuttings OF vinca
major made NOW will grow into nice
Dtsrts for Hse IN the window boxes
asNt spring,
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-12-26

Re your plants wilt and the soil is
damp on top, set the pot in a bucket
Of water. allowing ii to stand long
enough to thoroughly soak.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-12-26

Ena1 bulbs such as snowdrops and
srocuses can be brought into bloom
n 3 couple OF weeks The best kinds
- nsrcissi for forcing now are prin-
2epa, golden spur and the single
IrI1nnphet major. Poeticus and the
double sorts will do better II forced
: month later.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-12-26

In the fruit garden there are lots OF
pleasant days now when pruning can
De profitably done. Do not neglect
this important operation.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-12-26

~ you want % try 10 Gorce azaleaS.
fssy car BE- Bought In a dormant
stats and the experience IN forcing
fhsF4 viii be very interesting. Eight
'ysaits in a temperature OF So degrees
viii bring azaleas into bloom. The
gsfis Ia true Of bouEainvillsa.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-12-26

Foinaettia should be dried Of and
toFed under the greenhouse benches,
Cuttings made now Will make good
small plants next Christmas.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-12-26

A dust bath under a south window
makes an ideal wallowing place
for the chickens on a wintry
day. Do not gather up the
road dust-it is moist and mellow
earth which the birds need to keep
their feathers clean and the skin in
healthy condition; road dust is large
Is composed Of droppings, and, how
ever fine, 1t Is not best for the chick
ems.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-12-26

Sow hollyhocks seeds now. Keep
The plants growing right along and
hey will flower next summer.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-12-26

Get some OF the forcing varieties
Il giadioii bulbs and plant them IN
$ box IN tho rose house. They will
loom IN May,
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-03-20
State Board Gives It's Sanction
% Proposed Changes in
Newark System.
NECESSITY OF PARALLEL
LINES IS EMPHASIZED
Reasons for Sectional Improve
ments and Recruiting Given.
Present Lines Inadequate.


approved. The considerations which
have led the board to these conclu-
SONS NAV be briefly stated. Newark
had in 1910 population approxima-
ting $4,000. The problem to which
the ordinances submitted relate. does
not involve that of providing safe,
adequate and proper street railway
TRANSPORTATION facilities for the resi-
dents OF the city alone.
Traffic Centre.
The city is the traffic centre of n
metropolitan area which in 1910 had
a population Of 100000. Lines of street
railway radiute from a common
centre in the city into and through
out this area. OF the twenty-one
lines of cars operated within the
limits of the city eight are local and
thirteen are suburban or interurban
lines.
The problem, therefore. is the prob
lem OF this metropolitan district.
The lines operating wholly within the
city or partly within the city and
partly beyond Its limits carried an
aggregate of 125,000,030 fare passen-
gers" In 1911. In great part this
traffic was concentrated in COM
paratively restricted areo about the
intersection of Broad and Market
streets In the city, in which area the
business activities of the city are In
the main centralized.
Condition OF Congestion.
The concentration of traffic in this
area has resulted in a condition OF
congestion Inconsistent with 'safe'
adequate and proper serVi"e.'
The two tables included in the re-
port made by the City Plan Commits
sion are of interest in this connec-
lion, and are here reproduced
Cars scheduled to cross Broad and
Market streets In afternoon rush
period -. ~,