The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-10-18
INTESTINAL PARASITES"
 DIR. CUNNINGHAM'S SUBJECT

her eggs in the bowel; they pass out with the bowel discharges, hatch in the soil under favorable conditions warmth, moisture. etc.-there undergo changes in their larval stage having the power of motion; find their way to the skin which they penetrate, en- ter the lymph spaces, follow these to the large veins near the heart, go with the blood into the fine blood vessels In the lungs, when they can travel no further, they pierce the walls of the fine blood vessels, enter the small bronchial tubes, pass up these to the larger tubes, into the windpipe and into Adams apple, and out of this into the throat where they are swallowed into the stomach. thence into the small bowel from which they started as an egg, grow into the adult and goes to sucking blood, and start new gener- alton by laying eggs. The larvae prefer the thin skin between the fingers anu toes. It is the cause of ground itch in people who go barefooted
 PREVENTION
 study of this life history gives us the method of prevention, to-wt: Sanitary closets and sewers. Where this is impossible. sanitary dry closets and their sanitary operation, which is a myth in most instances. Where the bowel discarges are thrown out on the ground or in closets to which hogs, chickens, etc.. have access, they wIsi be scattered over the ground, infect the soil, which coming in contact with the bare skin, feet and hands, go through and infect the body via the route above described. Wearing shoes and gloves will also prevent infection. In addi- tion to these the host should be cured by proper medication for which there is specific. In the south hookworn is great economic question as it nat uIal1y reduces the efficiency of those infected. It Is sometimes fatal. (The life of the hookworm is seven to miro years. There is no immunity. Some think the negro has partial. A partial immunity to it's effects undoubtedly eXists.) 9a.
 ROUND WORM
 This is the most common of all the human intestinal parasites. It is found everywhere. but is more common in warm climates and in children. There are usually not more than two or three worms in one host. but there may be many
 LIFE CIRCLE.
 The female lays her eggs in the bowel. These are not strictly speaking eggs, in- asmuch as the young worm is already formed in the egg. These eggs pass out with the bowel discharges. The mem brane of the eggs decompose outside of
  which infect the soil or water. The eggs may also infect the soil and water, and if taken into the stomach the fluids of the stomach digest the membrane and set the little worms free, which goes on down into the small bowel. It follows, therefore. that person can be infected by swal- lowing the little worm that comes out of the eggs.
 PREVENTION.
 The same as in hookworm, towit a sanl- tary closet connected with a sewer, and in addition absolute cleanliness, and the cure of those affected, for which there Is a specific remedy. The effects of these worms are not as severe as hookworms They do not suck the blood.
 FIREWORKS.
 There are several varieties of tape worms-the fish, dog, pork and beef Only the two last will be discussed. A tape worm has a head, neck and a series of segments. The pork tapeworm when ma- ture is to 12 feet long; the beef tape worm from 15 to 20 feet. The pork and beef tapeworm differ in certain partic- ulars-head, neck and segments-but the life history of both is about the same. These segments are about the size of 8 finger nail, and each one Is an indepen- dent unit. and is a combined male and female, and contains several thousand young worms III GEES. The SegmentS break off and pass with the bowel dis charges
 LIFE CIRCLE.
 These segments do not lay their eggs in the bowel. When passed on the outside they decompose and set the young worms free, or are eaten by hogs or cattle, and are digested by them and set the young free. After reaching the intestines of hogs or cattle, they penetrate their walls and enter the circulation. finally lodging in the flesh of the hog or COW, where they are encysted and remain indefinitely. Now, if the pork or beef of such hog or COW be eaten by man. without suffi- | cient cooking, the little worms enter the | stomach of man and the cysts are dis | solved, setting the little worm free which 1 gees on down into the intestines and grows into an adult tapeworm. So long as the head remains behind these seg- ments will continue to multiply.
 PREVENTION. All segments that pass should bel burned. As they may sometimes pass without being discovered. sanitary closet is after all the best preventive, also the