davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington herald., 1914-01-01

seeking. seemed now to have appeared
in the person of Gen. L. S. Grant.
The military blunders, the waste OF
material and men. and the cropping
about for a proper policy to pursue that
had characterized the early conduct OF
the war on the part of the North were
now things of the past
The war was entering upon a final
stage. in which military science would
prevail. and the superior strength of the
North would be employed properly 10
offset the abilities of the generals of the
South.
That the South had made more of its
resources in men and means than the
North there could be no Gainsaying. Its
performance thus far had been remark
able, for at no time had it ever had as
many men in the field as the North. or
proper means Of equipping and sustain
ing its armies.
Events of 1851 and 1862.
The war had now been in progress
practically three full years. Although il
is said to have begun with the firing on
Fort Sumter. April 12, 1861. state of
war had existed substantially from the
secession of the first State-South Caro-
l:na-in December. 1860
The first wear of the war had revealed
tne south rea0N 10 Stllke whenever Up
portunity offered, and the North in 4
condition of unreadiness and confusion
The first important baItle-Bull Run
had been such 4 staggering blow to the
Northern prestige that the rest OF the
year was not lcnG enough for the North
again to get its feet prepared 20 fight.
The reorganization. equipment, and
drilling OF the Army of the Potomac by
Gen. George B. Mcclellan was the chief
lssT,, ir,f fl,.. 1ng
half of 1861.
cluding a great navy, many of the people
of the North expected that 1862 would see
the end of the war.
The disastrous campaign of the Army
of the Potomac against Richmond under
Mcclellan dissipated this hope.
The seizure of New Orleans, after the
passage of the Mississippi River forts by
Farragut's feet. gave promise Of the
speedy reopening of the Mississippi. which
was not realized.
The navy had no ships suitable for the
navigation of the river. and the prompt
ness with which the Confederates forti-
fed VicksburC and Port Hudson made
the opening of the river impossible with
cut a great and costly campaign.
The year 1862 closed. therefore. with the
Confederates still in possession of the
river and the Confederacy substantially
intact. but with a campaign for opening
the river taking shape in the mind of
Grant
The greatest single achievement bf the
year on the Federal side was the perfec-
tion Of the blockade of Southern ports.
cutting of to a great extent the supplies
and munitions of war from Europe upon
which the South depended.
The Army OF the Potomac, which, in
The Washington herald., 1914-01-01
USEFUL TO KNOW.

To singe a chicken hold II over a
saucer OF burning alcohol This method
does not leave SCOT on the flesh and is
much safer than trying. to singe with
burning paper or gas flame.
To keep white enamel ware from dis
coloring make a strong solution OF bak-
Ing soda and soft water, put the utensils
in II and boil them hard. They will be
as white as when new.
To keep potatoes white the saucepan
In which they are boiled should never be
used for any other purpose.
Flour must be kept in an air tight ves-
sci. as 1t soon absorbs moisture. and this
turns II musty. II ought to be kept in
cool place OF even temperature.
Wooden spoons and pastry boards will
repay a good scrubbing with sand in
preference to sap.
The Washington herald., 1914-01-01
THE WAR DAY BY DAY
Fifty Years Ago.
Jan S64-he Fourth Year Of the War Began with Bright Promise
Victory for the Union Cause.-The South Nearly Exhausted and The
North United for tie First Time Purpose Push the War As
Bitter End.
written expressly for The Herald)

Fifty years ago today the fourth year
of the war began. with bright promise
of victory for the Union cause.
The South was nearly exhausted. and
the North united for the first time in a
purpose to push the war to the bitter
end. Talk of compromise had ceased.
The peace party of the North saw that
there could be no return to ''the Union
as IT was"-that the old Union was gone
forever, and that a new Union could be
created only through the submission of
the South.
Great as the change in sentiment had
been throughout the North, ii was no
greater than the change in the military
conditions. The man who could end the
war, for whom the North had long been
The Washington herald., 1914-01-01

the battle of Antietam, had checked an
invasion of Maryland by the army under
Lee, changed commanders in November.
1867 and in December of that year fought
the disastrous battle of Fredericksburg,
under Gen. A. E. Burnside.
Confederate prestige for military sue
cess was thus far undimmed, and Con-
federate hope of ultimate success was
high.
Up to this time the wiser heads in the
South had seen that their greatest hope
of success lay in the recognition of their
government by foreign powers.
There had been times in 1852 when 1t
seemed such recognition was inevitable,
but the diplomacy of the Federal govern
ment, aided by the friendship Of Russia,
The Washington herald., 1914-01-01

I had prevented the lesser powers of Eu-
| rope from extending their recognition tu
| the Confederate States.
The Confederacy. however. had been
recognized as a belliGerent, and this had
| given il a right 10 buy materials of war
| in the European markets. Otherwise il
| could not have conducted the war beyond
| its initial period.
Climax of the War.
The climax of the war was reached
i'll 1866. upon the field of Gettysburg. On
the 9Th day of July, when Lees de-
feated army withdrew from that, the
gres test battlefield of the war, the news
| was on its way East of the surrender
of Vicksburg on that day to Gen. Grant
! Henceforth the Confederates must fight
| on the defensive.
TerritoriaIly the Confederacy was cut
| in two. Confederates held certain por-
1 tiCns of the country west of the Missis-
s;ppi, but it was inevitable that the war
should be fought out in the Eastern
! section of the Confederacy.
While Lee was putting to the test the
! strength of his army upon the field of
Gettysburg. another large Confederate
army. operating in Tennessee, was meet
ing with a strategic reverse being forced
| step by step southwark, until ii made a
stand upon the field of Chickamauga
/ tSeptember 10 and 20). Here il was vic
torious, but its victory was tardily fol-
lowed up.
The Federals under Gen. W. s. Rose
Grams retired into Chattanooga and were
there besieged. Grant was called to the
rescue of the place. won the battle of
Missionary Ridge. raised the siege.
drove the Confederates into the noun
tains of Georgia, and frcm before Knox
vile, in East Tennessee, and closed the
year with the Federal power paramount
in that section of the great theater OF
war, and the Federals ready TO open the
spring campaign by severing the Eastern
part of the Confederacy.
This was to be done by a march of a
Federal army upon Atlanta, thence to
the seacoast through Georgia and north
through the Carolinas. while Grant. lead =
ing the Army of the Potomac, was to
throw its entire weight upon the forces
OF Lee, and by mere attrition" grind
them down until The military power Of
the South was broken apd it should be
obliged tc yield up its sword.
Tomorrow; Women I'm the Ranks.
tCbpynght. 1eltD
The Washington herald., 1914-01-01
4 her Reads Vow.

Strings Of amber beads are being worn
now In place Of the white imitation ivory
beads. which have gone completely out
of style. The larger ones amber beads.
the better for smartness. and some of the
strings have graduated beads. as small as
peas at the neck and gradually growing
larger down the long loop until the beads
at the waist line are the size OF marbles.
These yellow beads are very effective
against white lace and embroidery bod
ice fronts. but they are not becoming to
every woman
The Washington herald., 1914-01-01
Basket Pincushions.

Basket pincushions can be made in ever
so many different ways. Have you seer
those tiny Easter baskets that one car
buy ready filled for or 10 cents! They
are not more than four inches high. han
die and all, and are made from soft. thin
straw braid. You know the kind. Well
take these little baskets and gid them
with gold paint and proceed to put into
their tiny capacities tiny silk pincush-
ions Make the pincushions or cotton
wadding or lambs wool. and cover them
with silk Then press the soft and yield
ing little ball into the basket. first put
ting some glue on the bottom of the bas-
lsct to Keep the cushion from falling out
Those tiny brass favor baskets made OF
woven metal are the incest kind of bas-
kr;s for basket pincushions, and are
cutie inexpensive. They are even better
than the straw braid baskets. for they
re not so light, and therefore not Sc
casiIy overturned on the dressing table
The Washington herald., 1914-01-01
Minia,ure. Attract Society.

An exhibition OF portrait miniatures by
Allyn Williams. president of the Royal
Miniature Society of London. attracted
society artists and connoisseurs to the
residence Of Mrs. Thomas T Turner. 1911
New Hampshire avenue. yesterday aft
ernoon. Among the miniatures we're a
number OF well-known members of local
society.
The Washington herald., 1914-01-01
Fined for UncIean steerage.

In his campaign for hygienic conditions
in the steerage of liners docking in this
country. Assistant Secretary Of Com
merce Sweet yesterday imposed a fine Of
500 on the owners of the steamship Ar
gentina. II is charged that when the
liner docked in New York City October
IS with 100 steerage passengers aboard
the steerage was in an unclean condi-
tion
The Washington herald., 1914-01-01
ESTATE LEFT TO WIFE.
Rciter VIII Filled for Probate-Mr.
TruuncII Remembers DauEhters,

Henry Reiter, by his will, filed for pro-
bate yesterday. leaves all his property to
his wife. Louise W. Reiter, for life, and
then to his son, Charles II. Reiter. The
wife is named executriN.
The will of Elizabeth Trunnell gives a
promissory note for $500 to each daugh-
ter. Margaret Trunnell and Elizabeth
Johnson. and divides the remainder be-
tween them equally.
The Washington herald., 1914-01-01
WOMAN AND THE HOME.


One of these with a blue silk cushion
pasted In 1t and a small blue bow on the
side OF the handle Is dainty thing. On
the top Of the cushion could be an en-
broidered monogram in the same color as
the cushion or a contrasting color. Two
or three tiny ribbon or chiffon rose
buds could be used on the handle Of the
basket instead OF the bow first sug-
gested.
The Washington herald., 1914-01-01
step Figure.

many dancing possibilities. We will eS-
plain how It is to be executed in the
forthcoming article.
g.. (oopsisht, Ig3, hy Anna Psriossl
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1914-07-03

series Of by-product plants established
by each association or center of fruit
growers and by-products industries.
This point is illustrated in the use
OF apples. 1t is comparatively easy
TO sell the first grades in fresh state,
since the demand and high price for
them Justify the expenses of produc-
tion and marketing. The inferior
sorts Of apples instead OF being put
upon the market greatly to the detri-
ment OF the fruit growing business,
are converted either by canning, evap-
Grating, or vinegar works into the
form best suited to the character of
the fruit and the nature OF the market
Varieties OF apples such as the Gano
and Ben Davis are known to be but
poorly suited to the making OF vinegar
but are said to be excellent when
eyaporated. Other varieties that dc
not command good prices in a fresh
state make an excellent canning pro
duct. Still others are especially adapt
ed to the use of jell and butter max
ing. The whole idea Is to have a ser
les Of supplementary plants in each
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1914-07-03
TO INVENT ARTIFICIAL WOOD
French Experimenters After Many
Years of Study Have Substitute
Straw ls Used.

The mythical New Englanders who
manufactured wooden nutmegs and
sold shoepegs for oats would have
been nightly astonished to learn that
the time would come when mankind
would busy itself in trying to invent
artificial wood. In the days when the
forests were thought Of as inexhaust-
ible wood was the article most used
as a substitute for other substances.
But matches were invented, and news
papers, and now wood is an increas-
lngly expensive article.
French experimenters working In
the vicinity OF Lyons have just pro-
duced an artificial wood. says the
American consul at that city. The
new product has been found. after
years of study and experiments. the
most recent OF which have given emf
nently satisfactory results. The proc
ess consists in Transforming straw
into a solid material having the re-
sistance Of oak. The straw is cut into
small pieces and reduced to paste
by boiling. Certain chemicals are
then added. When the paste has been
reduced to a homogeneous mass It is
put into presses. and planks. beams
and holdings are readily made. The
new material can be sawed like nat
ural wood. 1t makes q good fuel
emitting little smoke.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1914-07-03

made quite plain. Sample contracts
are also presented so that a study OF
the bulletin will give prospective asso-
citation members a very definite idea
OF their privileges and obligations.
A good deal OF information valuable
to growers is given in tabular form.
Table / gives the name OF the fruit,
varieties recommended for certain
use, date OF harvesting, average yield
per acre, and average price paid. Ia
BILE deals with vegetables for can.
ming, gives the names OF the vegeta.
bles recommended, tells when seeded
gives cultural distance, date OF har.
vesting. average yield per acre, and
average price paid. With this defin.
ite information at hand Il Is possible
for the growers to estimate the
amount. and value OF their different
kinds OF crops and thus enter intelli
gently into a contract with the handl
ing association. Other features Of
very general interest TO the growers
are the amount Of capital required tC
establish an association factory, the
general and special officers necessary
to conduct II, the volume of business
required for success. the location ant
construction OF the plant. A full pag,
photograph Of the Benton County
Growers Association canning factor,
and floor plans Of the Eugene Frul
Growers Association by.producti
plant, make these explanations clear
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1914-07-03

center so that the best possible use
shall be made OF each grade OF stuff
and each variety OF all kinds OF fruit
and vegetables.
The same process OF sorting and
conversion Into various by-products is
applicable to the materials that at the
present time are generally wasted.
Cores and peelings go readily into
jells and vinegar. Feelings can be
dried 10 excellent advantage and later
worked into jams and jells. By work
ing this combination waste is prac.
lically eliminated, losses reduced TO
a minimum, and profits are put on
substantial basis.
Before establishing factory for
canning these fruits and vegetables
several important things should be
taken into consideration. Determin.
ing factors are the kinds OF produce
that can be raised. the amounts pro
duced within service distance, the
amount Of capital available. general
conditions OF manufacturing. water
supply, transportation facilities. ard
character OF the markets. Under the
separate heads OF the cannery. vine
gar manufacturing. and evaporation
the requirements for each OF these
Industries are dealt with. A careful
study OF these requirements will put
the association in position TO deter
mine the type Of factory II had best
establish.
"The efficiency OF n growers asso
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1914-07-03

When the rapidly changing market de-
mands 1t pools may be declared week
ly or even daily. When the products
of the association are pooled, they
have all the expenses Of grading, prep
aration and marketing together with
their share of the overhead charges
of interest, insurance and depreciation
charged against them, and are credit
ed with the value OF their product on
the market. When produce is brought
from grower that is not a member
Of the association, the grower is given
somewhat less per pound than it is
estimated the produce will bring to
members. The association then en-
ters the pool with this produce and
the profits from the transaction go in
to reserve fund for use in permanent
improvements and for such other pur-
poses as the bylaws may Indicate"
II is pointed out that Oregon has a
law that permits of the organization
of cooperative associations. An ex.
PLANTATION of the conditions to be com
piled with and Of the purposes and
benefits Of joining the association, are
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1914-07-03
Under Oath.

Smith was one OF the foremost en-.
lgineers Of his time. says the National
Monthly. His one fault was an enor-
nous bump OF conceit. He completed
q piece OF work for large corpora
ton and was compelled to sue for his
fee. which was s25.000.
He was being cross-examined by
the attorney acting as counsel for the
corporations:
"on what ground do you base your
exorbitant charge for this miserable
piece OF work."
"on the ground that am the great.
est engineer in the world"
After the suit had been concluded.
one OF Smiths friends came to him
and, In an admonishlng tone, said:
Smith, you should never make such
statements in public; allow others to
acclaim you as the greatest in your
profession"
Smith answered.: II know Il, and
felt like blooming idiot up there on
the stand-but. blast II all. l was un-
der oath"
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1914-07-03
Up and Dolnu.

On the levee at New Orleans a
negro truckman and white truckman
had words about the right Of way
for their respective teams. The white
man halted his mules, jumped down
from his wagon and made rush for
where the darky was perched, still
jawing. He grabbed the negro by
the leg. yanked him of his seat. hit
him a stunning blow before he ever
touched the earth, and in 20 seconds
had whipped him soundly and was
back on his own wagon driving away.
A policeman hurried up. The vic
tim still lay on the ground dazed.
bleeding and gazing up at the sky
with bis one undamaged eye.
What's the matter here. manT' de-
manded the officer, shaking the pros.
trate and battered darky.
"A w'ite man done beat me up!"
explained the negro.
Who was he?"
Dunno. boss-I never seen him
befoah."
well. then, describe him!" insisted
the policeman. What did he look
like%
Boss" confessed the negro, "hit
wuz all over SO quick I didn't git a
good look at him; but say. boss. you
won't have no trouble findin' him
he's de doin'est man dey is in dis
whole town." - Saturday Evening
Post.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1914-07-03
FARM zND ORCHARD
Colleges and Experiment Stations
OREGON Speedily Pacific Conditions

citation depends in a large measure
upon the nature of its contract with
the grower. In selling the growers
product the association must sign con-
tracts to supply certain amounts of
fresh or manufactured goods to the
buyer 1t follows that the association
must be given fairly accurate esti-
mate of the produce to be grown as
basis Of information upon which il
IAN make such contracts. Further
more the grower must bring all his
produce to the association so that he
shall not be a competitor Of the organ
ization that is trying to further his
interests, and equally the association
must give its best service to the grow
er in every possible way.
Products marketed by the assorja-
tion are usually sold in pools. Each
kind of fruit or vegetable has its own
pool. When there is but little fluctu-
alton in price as with canned goods,
dried prunes, ETC., these pools need
be formed but once during the seacon.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1914-07-03

on thick grass mats, and spread them
about the burning deck, beneath the
scorching canvas awning. Heat apo
plexy kills men quickly on such days
OF suffering; one lives each day in
fear OF the heat. Our dizzy heads and
dry skins warned us OF danger as we
walked with shaky steps about the
boat, seeking some spot sheltered from
the soul-destroying sun. At 6p. m. the
glass still showed 11S, but we felt
some slight relief
Tales Of Marine Monsters.
The morning OF the third day from
Maskat we anchored in the delta OF
the Shat-elArab, or River OF the Arabs
This is the name given to the Tigris
and Euphrates rivers. after they unite
on their way to the gulf. A few miles
upstream lay the Persian town Of Mo
hammereh. Braving dangers from
sharks, stlngrays and other pests to
white men swimming In the gulf, we
bathed long and luxuriously in the
cooler waters OF the great stream
which comes all the way from Armenia.
Marine monsters Of many sorts swim
In the hot Persian gulf. and the lurid
tales Arabs tell OF them would fill All
Atlantic City reporter with honest
envy. One writer says: "Our dhow
passed through shoals of giant garlish.
dozens OF which, attracted by cur Ian.
tern. leaped aboard. They had long,
pointed noses and one OF our party
was nearly blinded. the point just miss
ing his eye"
At Mohammeren | quit the Kola-
joyfully. Redolent OF horses. reeking
with filth, rats and reaches. she went
her way. On the mudbank OF the
Shat-el-Arab, so miles below the Turk
ish river town OF Bassorah, | found
myself. facing a days quarantine In
the Persian station at Mohammereh
Back OF me. on either bank OF the
Karun-which comes down from the
Persian hills at this point and flows
into the Shat-el-Arab-lay the fiat
mud-hut town Of Mohammereh itself, {
r1onotonous. sun-baked village blowr
to fragments by British guns in theil
war on Persia a generation ago. NeaI
by. half-hidden In the changing mut
banks. observed an old wreck. Late
learned her history; she was thu
famous old Fox. once a blockade run
ner in the American Civil war. Blu
how she got to Mohammereh. 1900
miles away by sea, do not know.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1914-07-03
"Tln Can" Professor.

Tin cans strung upon telephone
wires and on the top Of poles usually
betoken that band OF boys have been
indulging In q pastime Of theirs. But
not 30 In Cambridge. The city is lit
tered with tin cans and other such
tins. but in this case Harvard pro-
fessor. to collect data for book on
dust. has strung up numerous cans to
catch the University City's dust. which
he will examine and discuss for pos
terity to read about In the future
ages.
II Is not exactly known Just what
use the University Clty's dust can bc
put to. but the professor has already
collected enough to build a good sized
mound.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1914-07-03
Joining Rubber.

Rubber is easily Joined and made as
strong as an original fabric. by soften.
ing before fire and laying the edges
carefully together without dust. dirt or
moisture between. The edges so Joined
must be freshly cut in the beginning
Tubing can be united by joining tho
edges around a glass cylinder. which
has previously been rolled with paper.
After the glass is withdrawn. the pa.
per Is easily removed. Sift -four OF
powdered soapstone through tho tube
to prevent the sides from adhering
from accidental contact.