davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1914-06-02

rear an undarkened window. will be
doubly effective.
The Connecticut experiment station
has made some tests to determine
how thickly populated with germs are
hleS from different places. To begin
with. our old enemy, the blue bottle
ny, is not much of an enemy
after all. In addition to being so shy
as to be harmless, he is not thickly
populated. He only carries 800. 600
germ passengers. SWill barrel flies
average about 100000, pig pen flies
about 100000. and dwelling house
flies nearly 100000
Swill barrel flies. pig pen flies. and
dwelling house flies are the same
species of insect. The only difference
is in the degree of dirtiness 1t is
The difference between a man before
and after his bath
The fly is a most voraciouS eater.
We have heard that he is a most ap-
palling breeder, but his gastronomic
ability has not had much notice A
| satiated housefly. preening himself on
| piece of pie, weighs nearly twice as
| much as when he began to eat. When
| fed plenty of moist food he deposits
| Il fly SpeNk every five minutes He
will eat anything as well as everything
! because Sputum is frCm a case ol
| consumption or eXcfctiOnS arc from
a case Of typhoid is no reason VIII,
| they do not appeal to the hy'S palate
Being fond Of filth as we'll as Of clear
food: being fond of dirty places nat
| urally they have many germ diseases
| of their own.
There are epidenics affecting file:
as we'll as epidcnacs affected ~ les
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1914-06-02
\ Z ABB-\cI. PEST.

The White cabbage butterfly which
came t. rs from Europe about fif.y
years aSr. Is now one uf our com
monest butterflies. and may he seen
fitting about everywhere from early
spring until late fall 1t IL one Of the
worst pests that the cabbage grower
has to contend with unless measures
arc taken to prevent Its ravaee.. and
happily this II matter of no great
difficulty. The butterfly Laws her
eggs on the leaves of the food plant.
the Caterpills. r. are velvet green and
almost exactly the color of the leaves
upon which they are feeding. when
at rest they lie 1T length upon the
, 'drlb and arc not easily seen There
IS c two broodS iii the year. the latter
| oeln9 much the more numerous. and
sometimes a third brood. il the au-
tumn should be fine and warm. The
| Caterpillars riddle the outer leaves
| and then barrow into the heads de
! vourine the substance and Spoilinc
the plant for table use by their cxcrc-
ment. Besides cabhaecs and cauii-
| tiowerS they also attack micuonettc
/ and nasturtiu mS.
| iNrcn hum powder is thoroughly
effective. one pound should he mix
ID with four pounds Of cheap -four
and kept in IN air tight jar or Canis-
ter for - hours 80 the poison may be
| thoroughly rporateG With the
flour she plants infested should be
| busted with the mixtur. With small
| bellows or in CheeSecioth bac tap
ped lightly With "A slender rod This
powder will kill insects but is harm :
less to human beings. Iyrent hun,
powder ounces e@''- three
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1914-06-02

But wn;,t matters ii il a few millions
are killed by germs when so many
millions can quickly breed? Nothing
with the feeding and breeding power
Of fly is at any great diSadvanl age
from germs 1t is the human Dein:
that expects to produce but few OF
its kind that must fight off the enemies
u keep the race alive
Flies are of no consequence except
as they affect the food. They do not
start any disease They serve to carry
them from one place - another. One
farmer may get typhoid In his mix
and then spread typhoid to hundred
farmers. milk by emptyinG it into q
s,.,t, MON vat From this common vat
! 500 consumers may obtain their milk,
Thus typhoid may be spread ali oNfe
a t,wn. But about the only chance
| ,..~ sn,;u food like bread. meat. ard
! sugar -tC spread typhoid is thfoue u
thf. heir, Of flies. \ mans water 1au :
Get taps the same. pipe as that OF an
otter raan. a mans milk bottle Is
| ti;ed from the same can as anptheFs
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1914-06-02
PREVENTING DEPRED ATlD<S HY
CROWS AND HAWKS.

One Of the chief difficulties that
the poulLrYman has to contend with
is the continued loss Of chicks aud
sometimes even of nearly fnII-groWn
birds. q consequence Of the depreua-
tions Of natural enemies. II is safe
10 say that the magnitude Of the loss
from this source is not anything Ike
fully realized 10y anyone who has not
kept an accurate account of all his
birds. In the experimental work with
poultry at the Maine station. A rec
ord Of every bird i kept. In this
way il has been possible to check up
and forr an adequate estimate Of ne
losses due t. the creatures that prey
upon poultry. and. of necessity.
good deal of attention Ia, been devo-
ted to the problem of how these
In the experience Of the above sta
tion the most destructive natural en-
e.mY Of poultry has been found to he
the crow. The deprcdatinnS Of the
hawks are moro Spectacular perhaps.
hut in the iang run far less 3e>truc-
tive. \ hawk will only visit poul
Try ward occasionally, and especially
wary -ai,,ut approaching it again On
the contrary the crow is Il steady and
constant robnf r. He will continue his
depredtt :anS just as long as is ply
sicaity possible for him TO do 50. For
.tantiuncd on Page Sixteen.b
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1914-06-02

ire places Next in importance comes
fly feeding places. Flies require. such
an enormous volume Ct food that we
can accomplish something by keeping
things free from fly food. Most i'm
portant is care CT the baGc-no
garbage on The ground. clean can
we'll covered and frequent removal
But efforts toward diminishing fiy
food should not stop a garbage. En-
pOsurc & fOocs to the flies in stores
must * stopped. Confectionery.
fruits, vegetables. meats. and general
tull, SrC CorieS must not be exposed.
In some States, laws covering this
are a Gead letter. What's the use of
fly posters and widely heralded by
cainpaiens if the law relating to fiy
food is not enforced?
1t is advised that housewives Sprin-
l<le a solution of one part Of Tornado
hyde to ten parts of water in Their
garbage containers during the war;;
mont his, to kill not only odOrS, but
!, h:es and vermin.
When Rosenau discovered that
stable flies could carry infantile pa
ralysis. the interest in this fly in
| creased materially. The farmers al
ready Knew of the harm from this
| lly. ia addition to spreading infantilc
paralysis. Jennings and King of the
| bureau of entomology say it may
| spread pellagra. The diseases of do
mestic animals spread by it are an
thraX swamp fever, glanders. septice-
mia, surra, souma, and, maybe, round
| worm.
/ In addition, biting flies worry stock
so much that they cannot work eff
! ciently. Animals get thin and milk
cows sometimes go off 40 to 90 PEI
| cent in the amount of milk produced
| F. c. Bishopp. Of the United States
| bureau of entomology. tells us that
| the staEla fly breeds largely in straw
| Old strawstacks in the fields the
| worst offenders. BiShoppS advice is
to burn these stacks or else to spread
| the straw. and ploW it in deep. When
/ a heavy rain falls on freshly thTashe ID
I straw conditions for fly breeding art
| at their v--~St Manure containing
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1914-06-02

l.. the common fly. This insect. which
Ia been given but little considera-
tior until recently now attracts wide
attention on account of the fact that
II is a conveyor of all sorts of dis
eases. BESIDES carrying germs Of
typhoid fever, dysentery, cholera, and
numerous other dreaded diseases. il
is possible that it may lasO carry
smallpox. leprosy. plague, erysipelas,
and other germs.
IT,, best fly preventive is to prevent
h breeding. The second bets is to
Keep things SO clea mas to prevent fly
feeding. The third best thing is to
f,fend oneself against the flies that
have come. Sometimes it will be pos
So le TO screen them away. This
works well enough with dwellings,.
The few flies that get into a well
screened house can be swatted, or
caught with paper, or killed with
pClson.
Where the doors are opening con-
stantly, screens are sometimes of lit
Tie service and some times none at all
Under these ciICun stances, what is to
hc done?
Sually it will he possible to pro
te't The food SUPPLY with cases,
screens. or mosquito bar. Anything
Kept IN the icebox will be protected.
flieS suddenly entering an atmos-
phere of 60 will escape if they can
IL not. they slow up. At about AS
they lose their ability to fly. At 27
hVe degrees below freezing. most OF
them die
Ihe best method of Kidding a dairy
haiu. milk house. or store of flies will
"ePehd on the number present and
ON other considerations. When flies
Ls.y.t H..
ue most effective method
sticky fly paper has some advan.
wages and some disadvantages. A few
S"ocerS containing a mixture of one
i'"l oi water one tablespoonful @
i"t'haldehyde commonly known a.
i'malln). and one tablespoonful o
S"Far will be ctficaciOus. if not muci
"d,rf II exposed in the room.
i"t lropoSerS recommend tina
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1914-06-02
Wd ef ounces

gallons of lugeWarm water used as
a SPRAY. will kill all the CatcrpIliarS
it reaches at once. Paris green and
other virulent pOiSonS should never
be applied to caobages and vegetables
table use
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1914-06-02
TO
HAVE IN THE HOUSE

u ia. ,;econe Known in Recent
yrar- That Files Are TransmitterS
-, Disease. and Therefore, Arc
dangerous To Manl>ind-Sucsi Dis
ease, u, Typhoid. Tuberculosis,
Cbo,cra Infantum. and Many
oil,rr> Are Spread Fly Flies.
one Of the most common and
,.tdek distributed of household pests
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1914-06-02
VOL. XCIX. NO. 7S.

Ni>es a mixture of n>h 81 tone cst-
Il ~. oil OF Plne tar two uunCeS).
oil L pennXro1 ttwo ouny.>,. aud
Kerosene tone-half = plnt1
In" hsh-oI mixture II faithfully
applied. will serve a rcpllant
a-airS; fries a. long as il retains its
effectiveness
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1914-06-02

~ OF bread saturated with this So
GU oe placed in. plates and these
Ia places inaccessible to chill
"hi domestic animals.
'"c place is not being used it
b," vac darkened ,whereupon by
('' 'y traps, or fly poison, placed
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1914-06-02

but the only link between two mems
bread Il cur enemy. the Fly. Ii the
on h1s communicable disease. the
tN, forgetting all abslt quarantine
travels with his saddle bags loa dcd
VII germs from him who hath to
hiin who hath not.
81 II the fiy early and late i
what the health officials of the city of
Il'ra2" are endeavoring to have the
residents of that city do III an effort
t.; prevent the spreading of disease by
The itt., pests.
Some ii the thS which the health
ni'le,als are endea<orine to bring home
are set forth in the following para
graphs:
II reaa makes fine foot wipe for
1iies
Its a short haul from the garbage
can 10 the dining room VIA the ~
route"
Flies Peddlc. ddIe."
Flies will peddle, p, ueddle-
Unless you paddle. pa> eaddle
Get busy. Keep be. eI,
IF at first you don't succeed, VI
swat again" .
Ia lighting flies, it is m,.st importan
10 Concentrate attention nn fly breed
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1914-06-02

.Centiaued on Page Sixteen.p
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1914-11-10

a time from the United States, and
Fairgrounds in fifty-four out of a to-
tai Of SiXty-siX towns Of over 1000 in
habitants in the island.
DR.. Leo has already Interested a
number of wealthy men in his church
clinic idea and has obtained promises
eff equipment and supplies for clinic
rooms in seven churches where he has
induced the pastors to promise to give
his plan a trial. He has also inter-
ested several groups Of professional
men and has received promises of free
assistance from numerous physical
instructors, osteopaths, and teachers
of hygiene.
In the parish house Of his own
church he a secured the equipment
of a clinic rom at the cost of about
$500, n opened his first clinic with
the aid Of the County Osteopathic
Society. At the clinics first session,
during a hot wave, six babies were
brought in by mothers from the near
by mill districts for treatment, two
sick adults applied and a class of boys
and girls and tenement mothers
heard the lecture on hygiene and
health.
The treatment Of the babies was sc
successful n created so much talk
] in the neighborhood that at the next
i, session of the clinic there were twenty
eight babies and a swarm of girls anG
women eager to hear the talk on baby
hygiene.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1914-11-10
CLINIC In THE CHURCH
Is WORK OF SERVICE
How 1t Is Being Done In a Church
In Philadelphia.

philadelphia Evening Telegram.)
A clinic in every church, not only
for the benefit of those actually sick,
but for teaching the care Of the body,
hygiene, sanitation, and the princi-
pies of e~ugenics, particularly to the
younger members Of the congrega-
ton, is the idea of Rev. Alexander II.
Leo, pastor of the East Montgomery
Methodist Episcopal church. DR.. Leo
believes a the soul is the particular
province OF the church, but he also
believes strongly in the care of the
body.
wit so much sickness and misery
around us that could be easily cured
by a little attention or avoided
through a little knowledge, 1 cannot
see how the church can stand neu-
trail" he said today.
The church has the building and
property. To what better use could
they put thar to hold regular clinics
for the care of the sick and the in
struction of the young in how to avoid
sickness? Arrangements car easily
can easily be made by which the SER
vices of almost any desired number
of professional men can be secured
without cost for these free clinics for
the poor; ,
done in arranging and e%quippins
IL lOOiiiS III va SIOISllcS. j
hope the time is not far distant when
every church will have it's free dis
pensary and clinics to which it's poor
and unfortunate can come for treat.
ment in sickness, and in which regu
lar classes will be held in which com
petent instructors will teach the youns
people of the parish how to keep vel
and strong"
DR.. Leo is widely known through
out the Methodist church for his sue
cess as a medical missionary in Port,
Rico. where he did two things tina
established his reputation. He bull
at Ponce the first hospital ever estab
lished in Porto Rico, and he initiate,
the playground movement. Durin
the nine years Of his residence o.
the island. he worked establishin
medical stations, and equipping play
grounds. until when he left his mis-
sions included thirteen ~dispensarie
beside the Ponce Hospital, employin
six doctors whom ne imported one 9
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1914-11-10

But Owner Has satisfaction of Having
1t Back in His Pen.
Denver Post.

Denver Post.
Sixteen dollars was the amOun a
rooster, worth IS cents. cost Charle~
Ut, a resident Of West Denver, not
counting loss Of time spent in an en-
deavor to regain the bird.
Inc rooster managed to escap from
the pen in the rear of Tits home on
santa Re drive. between West Fifth
ana Sixth avenues. 1t vas WandeTlLg
In the alley when Ralph NiSSen. =
small boy living in the same block.
caught it. The boy took it home. and
refused to give it up when Cit Learned
OF its Whereabouts.
Realizing that the boy would not
give the bird up Voluntarily. TIT had
occurs to the law to regain his
rooster. He hired an attorneE
to bring replevin proceedings III JUS
ice Rlce's court at an expense Of g..
put up the docket fee OF 50. and then
hlred an auto to convey Deputy Con
stable Robert Shores to and from
the NlsSen home. He was out $40
when Shores turned r rooster over
| to him.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1914-11-10

country, and well lluSlTdtlHS Inc "a
rious changes and improvements
made.
One of the most interesting and
valuable arms in the collection, Is the
John Cookson fint-lock breech-ioad-
ing magazine gun made III 1902,
which has a magazine in the stock
capable of holding 10 rounds OF loose
powder and bullets. One movement
of a lever feeds the into
the barrel, cocks the hammer, ana
primes the pam. In spite Of the Eng
lish name of the maker, this d piece
is believed to be Of Spanish origin on
| account of it's general type and the
| style Of it's decoration. 1t was prob
ably QUE to Maryland by the early
English c~olonists; at least 1T was
found in Baltimore and cO~nflscated IN
1868, and held by the government I'M
til 1857 when it was thrown away. In
1888 it was purchased for a small
sum and put in its present perfect
condition by a gunsmith of Baltimore,
from whom it was secured by an
American collector AND presented to
the Museum.
From a military point of view the
design Of this gun evidences great
advance of its time, for, with the mag
azine charging app~urtenance, ten
shots could be fired in but little more
time than is required with a modern
magazine gun. Altogether, the anti
guilty, design, workmanship and
beauty OF this gum, make 1t a most
valuable and remarkable relic.
The collection also contains Severa
pill-lock, and the percussion cap guns
which followed the fint-lock, and The
PruSSian needle gun and the French
Chassepot which appeared someWha,
later.
The development of the gun anG
ammunition in the United States i:
we'll illustrated by a series of histOri
cal cases showing the types used il
the succeeding wars from the French
and Indian, to the war with Spain
thus connecting closely history ant
invention.
While many foreign guns are rep
resented they are not all of the lates
patent, or Of the type now in use il
the European a in the case of on
military rifle, however, the latest de
velOpments are shown, and it is in
teresting to note hat the Springfield
Rife generally known as the 100
model though it has been improve
upon since, is to be found in thre
separate series. the target, game, an
military, showing that it is suitable
with different sorts of ammunition
to many uses.
Some of the Museum specimens ar
: the donation Of individuals, others ar
? from American manufacturers, tn
War and Navy Departments, and tn
{ Patent Office. The collections frOl
the Government Departments came t
, the Museum by virtue of the fact thu
= it is the legal depository of all nations
collections.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1914-11-10
FIRE ARMS AT THE
NATIONAL MUSEUM

Washington, d. c., Nov. 7.-Speci-
firearms from England, France, Rus
STA. Japan. Germany. n many other
countries are nov to be seen in the
small-arms exhibition of the L.. S.
National Museum. The exhibit in
cludes some 1,400 individual pieces
and comprises probably the best gen.
era collection in the United States,
considering that there are represented
examples of military rifles, pistols, and
revolvers, sporting shot guns and
rifles, target rifles and pistols, and
numerous d and nusua pieces re-
lating to the development of fire
arms.
Although the discovery of gunpow-
der is attributed by some to China,
there is no positive evidence that the
Chinese ever made use of it. At an
early period they produced certain
kind Of fireworks accounts Of which
came through Persia, Egypt, and the
Moorish countries in southern Eu-
rope. but gunpowder for use in fire
arms, it is believed, originated in
Italy. Spain, or Germany. While can
non of a sort were built in the early
part of the 14th century, hand fire
arms were slow to be adopted on &C
count Of their u~nreliability, and 1T
was not until about 1881 that they
are known to have appeared in Ger
many, while Europe in general did
not take them up until the middle OF
the 18th century, when they became
known as hand-cannon
The earliest form of hand gun was
a crude affair fired by the application
of a burning match to the
TIL first improvement was the mount
ing of the match on a SpringleSs lock
or cock which later. upon the add
ton of a spring, became known as the
Matchbox. Examples of this early
weapon from India China, Afghanis-
tan, Japan, Formosa, Arabia, Mo-
rocco, and Mexico, are in the Museum
collection.
The next development was the
wheel-lock gun, about 1915 or 1917
fired by a spark struck On pyrites by a
~roughened wheel revolved by a
spring. Specimens of this type o.
gun and pistol from Greece, Germany
and England are also to be seen il
the Museum exhibit.
A form of fiint-lock, called tn
snauphaunce, followed in 1910. This
substituted, in place of the wheel,
lock which held in it's jaws a piec'
of pyrites, and when released hit tn
cover of the pan striking a Sparl
which ignited the charge of powder
y pair of pistols of this type from
Constantinople Illustrate the principl
we'll. Further improvements in tn
snauphaunce resulted in the flint
lock gun, in which a piece of fin
replaced the pyriteS. Examples O
this style are more common and som
sixty are included in the Museum col
lections, representing nearly ever
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1914-11-10
COTTON MILLS RUNNING
Textile City is Enjoying -, Booming
Prosperity.
Especial to The News and Observer

Gastonia, Nov. 7.-An of Gastonia's
seventeen cotton mills are again rum
ming full time with the exception of
one which will resume full time next
week. During the past several weeks
when other similar manufacturing in
dustries over the South were curtail-
ing work, only four of the cotton mills
in Gastonia stopped work at all and
then for only two and three DAYS
during the week. Without an excep-
ton every other industry in Gastonia
is now running full time and enjoying
a lucrative business and an
ing outlook for future business.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1914-11-10

Pine piles recently taken from the
North River in New York harbor, 80
years after being driven. were found
to be in perfect condition 9th above
and below the water.
Mount Vernon signal. (Mt. Vernon, Ky.) 18??-current, 1914-09-11

Rome special: The Montenesrins
nave cut off the aqueduct supplying
water 20 Cattaro. The bombardment
of the Notifications has been resumed.
Mount Vernon signal. (Mt. Vernon, Ky.) 18??-current, 1914-09-11
Septemb Der /, 1914

September |, 1914
GOOD ROADS PEOPLE
OF ROCKCASTLE:
You are cordially invited to at
Tend the meeting of the Kentucky
Good Roads Association, which
is to be held at the State Fair
grounds at Louisville in the con-
vention tent at 2 p. m, on We'd
lesdey, September 10Th.
This meeting will be addressed
~ Mr.. Jesse Taylor, of James.
own, Ohio. who is the editor OF
Better Roads, Director Gen.
ral OF the National Highways AS
ISOLATION and a most excellent
speaker and Good Roads Advo.
ate of National reputation, also
address will be made by {
Iood Roads expert from the nat
onal government and by men Of
ocal renown.
An additional interesting fea
ure will be the exhibit located il
he rear of the pavilion, which i:
)ut up by tue Department of Pub
ic Roads of Kentucky in co.opera
ZION with the Office of Publ