Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1914-11-29
Visit tn Reservations OF the Bravest
Of ALI South American
q Indians.
ABOUT THEIR RUDE HOMES
Farming is Done by White Men IN
der Red Overseers, and American
Machinery Is Used -Stra
Methods OF Cooking.
~. PRANK q. oARPENTEa.

edge Of the frontier. II was surround
ed by Indians, and it's wide streets,
lined. with log cabins. were rivers or
mud. The country roads were almost
irapas,able. and tho stumps still stood
In the streets. To-Day Temuco hae
more than 10000 population, and. it
ia an up-to- datc South American city,
It's one story houses OF brick and stone
are covered with stncco, painted in the
brightest colors and they stand upon
vide streets, we'll paved With cobblea.
The streets cross one another at right
angles. The town is laid out in
chockerboard fashion. with a large
plana In tho centre. The plaza is filled
With flowers and trees, and the band
plays there of Sunday.
TemIco ie the chief supply point Of
an extensive farming district. The
chief crop is wheat, and much OF 1t i.
planted and harvested with American
FnRchtnerS. There are many largo
stores, and In them ] 500 picws from
Mpline and windmills from Chicago.
The international Harvester Company
does a big business at this end Of the
continent, Its thrashers and rcapore
arc TO DC frequently seen, and much of
the machinery Is moved by American
engines. AZ tho same time the old
ftraE,ps on the heels Of the new. The
oa"cart crowds the automobile. and
cattle yokod by their horns toll
through the streets pulling grca, loads.
The place Is "a mixture of savaE-ry aud
ctftlisa tion. The strcots are filled with
wSll dressed men and women OF Il half
dozen nattonalitics' and there arc also
Indians in ponchos and Indian girls
riding astrldc, Ealloping along on their
ponieEY
Araueanians. They have reservations
nearby. and their farms lie IN blocks
surrounded by those OF now settlers
from Europe and OF the modern
Gihiiehc, The rude homes Of tho In
dians are scattered over the country
have visited several OF the irenerva-
lions AND have watched them roaming
their grain with American rcapcrs and
thrashing i, with American thrash
ers. have met some OF the braves
therefore. able to give a faint moving
picture OF the last OF the race as il is
In thls good year 1914
But hrst, let me say a word OF the
A"aucanians OF the past. You have AL
hoard OF the Incas. who once ruled from
Ecuador FAR down into Chile. They
J had III their dominion Ecundor, Peru.
Boltria and the northern part Of this
country. They triod to capture .ie
south, but when they reached tho lands
or tsc Araucanians they were met by
the decree. Thus far shalt thou 20 and
:. no 1aFther.' The Araucanians kent the
InSae out OF about all the land below
santiago. and IT is claimed now that
they We're never really conquered by
other the Incas or whites.
There Is no race which has caused
thc Spaniards SO much trouble as the
.traucan!ans. For three generations
they waged "a successful way af;a!ns,
the Spanish invader, Destroying his
eovts and besicsins his cities They
KILLED Pedro Naldivla. tho man who
rounded Santiago. and 1t was only inch
BY inch that HIS successors drove them
toward tho south When they were
iinally ovcrpowdcrcd by great numbers
they refused to he the slaves and hire
Hngs Of tho conQucrors. They con-
..nued their lighting. OF and on and 70.
da3' they maintain their own identify.
rhcA hsvc their own farms. and they
iead .llvea apart from the descendants
or INC w7!tc-sk!nncd Invaders who
robbed them of the empire thcy once
possessed j say empire FOL. tho Arau
canaan Possessions comprised the best
part @: the Chile OF to-day. Much Of /,
WAS farnacd by them. They grew crons
Of corn and potatoes. and in the far
north they had llamas and aipacas
which they got ASom tic Incas
- 49,
The Arau canians of that day were
Ts,s mscn iiko our Indians OF Eastovn
North America. They did u little farm
Ing, but most or them lived by hunting
aud ASKING. They were warlikc In
dtHns, and were always ready TO fight
ror their rights; When the Spanish
came In the armies raised against thcn,
"eTe large. Naldivia was FREQUENTLY
attached By thousands OF Indians, ana
AZ one time an army o! 10000 Arauca
mans besicsed Santiago. That wns
ABOUT tirtE Years after shc discovery or
AMsSica The SpaniarIs had sur.
rcun6ed the city with palisades. bur tho
Indians tore them down and set fire Ia
he houa... Indeed. II was only throucj,
the leadership oi Ines Suarca. n bean.
titni GIL v.ao Nigh, be called the
doat Arc oc Gale. that Tho Spaniards
OF this part OF the world were no, rhen
wiped from the face OF the earth. This
yFl was the mistress OF the commando,
rh!dlSla. III his absence she assumed
the leadership o! the troops. She nut
on coat OF mall, and with her little
spanish army drove the Indians bacI;
During the siege she captured eiy Of
tho Indian ch!cfs, and 1t Is said she ciit
on their heads with he. own hands.
During the wars with the Aruucani-
aus inc Span!srds had much the same
experiences that our forefathera had IN
I. the days OF the colonists. The India M
surFopndcd the settlements and rilIcd
every "h!te man they could get away
from MS fellows. They bottled the
2psniafos up IN Santiago and forced
2
Wild plants. The Span!ards had thei,.
starving times similar to those ;l,at
our coionists had at jamestown, ana
during one of these Va!divia. who was
me captain John Smith Of Chile wrote
TO Charles V. of Spain that fiftv rrnjn.
~ corn we're q good days ration, and
mat the corn was eaten. both meal ana
nran. Valdivia carried his nghting fsr
south OF Temuco. II was right herr
.na. ne was once attacked by 10000
warriors, and saved himself only by
charging the Indians with COMPANY
OF cavalry. The Indians were fright
ened By the horses, and in the battle a
Thousand OF them were killed and 100
were taken prisonera.> In. former cam.
paiBns the Indians had tortured the
whites. and Faldivia, In order 10 ter.
r'fy them, ordered tina, the right hands
aha noses or tho prisoners should be
cut off. After that they were allowed
10 go back to their tribes.