The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1914-07-03
FOUR SYMPTOMS BY
WHICH HOG CHOLERA
CAN Be Discovered
DR.. MURPHY TELLS THE FARM.
ERs HOW 1T CAN BE EASILY
DETECTED.
TESTS NECESSARY TO Be MADE
Reddening Of Skin, Bloody Spots on
Lungs, Darkenins Of Lymphatic
Glands, and Enlargement Of the
Spleen Most Common Signs.

SaHoes anu enlargement OF tne
Spleen Most Common Signs.
= When any farmer finds dead hog
on his farm and is unable to know
the cause Of death it is advised that
the animal be cut open, and the in
ternal organs examined before It is
burned. He should proceed to do
this the same as he would If he had
killed the animal and was opening
1t up preparatory to preparing it for
his meat. Before making his first
incision he should make thorough
examination of the skin, eyes, nose,
and any other conditions that seem
ed abnormal.
Hog cholera can be readily detect
cd by any average intelligent farm.
er, If he knows what to look for. We
have four separate conditions mat
are nearly always present in hog
cholera.
! 1. There is reddening of the
skin. This usually occurs on the
surface of the belly, at the base Of
the ears or on the skin under the
shoulders.
2. Bloody spots on the surface Of
the lungs, the heart, the kidneys, the
outer and inner lining of the stomach
and intestines; in addition these
spots sometimes occur on the inner
lining Of the bladder.
8. There. is reddening and black
ening Of the Emphatic glands
throughout the body.
4. There is an enlargement of the
spleen.
After a careful examination of the
skin has been made, the farmer
should cut down through the skin,
with the hog laying on his back,
making an incision little to one
side Of the point of the jaw. After
cutting short distance he will find,
imbedded in the fat, small Emphatic
glands. In hog cholera we find that
these glands are of very dark red
or solid black color. If they are
of any other color, as brown or
, creamy pink, they are not to be con-
sidered as hog cholera BY an incis-
ion down through the skin, just over
. the inside face of the ham and lit
tie forward, several Of these glands
can be located on either side. If
they are dark color, or blackened,
, we should suspect hog cholera.
We now make an incision down
the belly, and as we cut into the
> soft tissue under the skin we notice
many places that are blood stained,
and look like blood vessels that have
. broken and the blood permitted to
spread in the surrounding tissues.
These are the simultaneous haemor.
rhages, and indicate blood poison,
which is really what hog clolera is,
> If the lungs are next taken out we
will notice that their surface, nor
NAL pink color, is dotted with small
red spots or haemorrhages. This
: also occurs on the heart, especially
at the place where the blod vessels
enter. By washing these spots with
clean cold water we notice that in
stead <of disappearing they seem
! brighter and more prominent.
We next look at the spleen or
melt" as it is called. We find that
in healthy animals this organ is
sickle-shaped, of a grayish black
color, and firm in structure, but
when cholera is present we find that
, it is usually very much swollen, of a
black clor, and very soft in struc-
ture.
An examination Of the walls of the
bowels usually shows the lining
studded with red spots, similar to
' those shown on the surface of the
lungs and from the size of pin point
up. These spots can be seen on the
inside and outside of the walls. They
are also found in the kidneys, on the
inner and outer walls of the stom-
ach, and on the inner walls of the
bladder. They are supposed to re-
present the ruptured ends of small
blood vessels.
. If any of the above conditions are
found we airy very prone to consider
that the animal died of cholera of an
acute. type. Many other alterations
are found beside the ones mentioned,
especially when the disease has pro-
crossed for any length Of time; but
they are usually due to secondary