The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1914-07-27
EUROPE SITS
ON VOLCANO
Continued from Page One.)

many the reply sent by Servfa Is re-
garded as a very fair one as 1t grants
all the demands which a sovereign state
could grant.
1t is pointed out that there is little
use in Servia's appealing for mediation.
however. stnce Austria Hungary has de-
clared the matter to be between her
and Servia, and In this she Is backed
up by Germany and Italy. her partners
in the triple alliance.
All Preparing for War.
In the meantime all the nations Of
Europe are making preparations for
war.
Even England, which is credited with
the determination to stand aside unless
she should be forced into the conflict.
is getting her warships ready. The
leave that is generally granted to the
crews after the annual mobilization OF
the fleet for exercises has been can
celled and the vessels are to be kept
on a war footing. They began coaling
yesterday with the expectation that
they would be ordered to the North sea.
which would be England's danger point
in the event Of g European outbreak.
The first feet Of the British navy has
been sent to Portland, England, and is
now coaling. The fleet which comprises
% first-class battleships and a large
number of cruisers and torpedo boat
destroyers had left Portland after the
annual exercises and before the receipt
Of the admiralty order not to disperse.
Hatred of Long Standing.
Servian hatred of Austria dates back
nearly 200 years. In 1913 Austrian arm
les captured Belgrade from the Turks
and the Austrians were hailed as de-
liverers by the Serbs, who had been in
practical slavery since the fall of the
Serb empire, late in the fourteenth CEN
fury. Twenty year slater. to gain some
petty advantage elsewhere. Austria
very. The Serbs have never forgotten
When the war of Servian independ-
ence was in progress 100 years ago the
Turks were aided in every diplomatic
way for a score of years and Austria
because she feared for her control Of
her Slav subjects, tried in every way
to prevent Serbs from the Austrian
provinces from aiding their country
men.
The Serbs won autonomy, thanks to
Kara George and Milosh Obrenovitch,
but complete independence was delayed
until 1873
In 1875 Peter Karageorgevitch son
of Alexander. and grandson of Black
George. the Liberator, started a re-
volt among the Bosnian Serbs, then
subject to Turkey. He had served
WITH OlSLlnCIlOn III the + I0HCn
during the Franco-Prussian war and
was an experienced fighting man. For
four years. with varying success, his
followers in Bosnia and Herzegovina
harassed the Turk.
Servia Wins Independence.
In the meantime public sentiment
in Servia had forced the king. Milan
sympathies and declare war against
Turkey. The Serb fought bravely, and
Russia's entrance into the contest
brought the little nation complete in
dependence. and also freed Bulgaria
and Montenegro.
The Serbs, Of course, hoped for union.
and expected to be permitted to form
a state which would embrace all the
Serb peoples Of the Balkans. Austria
might have consented, but Price Bis
marck. seeking always a German outlet
i in the east, persuaded Franz Josef to
take another course. Count Andrassy.
the Hungarian leader. Joined in the
plan. with the result that the Berlin
conference which settled for time the
Balkan question. allotted Bosnia and
Herzegovina to Austria. The two prov
ince4 were to remain Turkish property.
but were to be administered by Aus
tria, and regarded as properly within
the sphere Of influence Of the Harsburg
dual monarchy. The Serbs. outnum-
bered by the Austrians and the Hun
garians who forgot political differences
In their hatred Of the SlAv. could do
nothing.
The Berlin conferences created q
kingdom OF Servia with 100000 in
habitants and left outside, under Aus
TRAN domination, more than 5000. 600
other Serbs. among them the leaders
in the revolt against Turkish oppres-
sion.
1 CONTINUED on Prge -