davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-09-20

about 500, 600 month. The Valparaiso
line is said to clear about 100000 a
year.
But there is one attractive feature
about the car line that failed to men
ton This Is the conductors. They are
women and a very few OF them are
pretty young girls, although the great
thirty or forty again. The woman con-
ductors were brought into the cars more
than a generation ago. It was at the
time Of the war with Peru, when all OF
the men, including the street car con-
ductors, were sent north to engage In the
lighting. At that time the women took
the mems places. and they have held
them to this day. 1 am told that they
make very good servants: and that. al
though they have to be watched as to
turning in all the fares, they are more
honest than men would be In the same
places. AS it Is, the company Keeps a
check upon its conductors by making
them give each passenger ticket wn en-
is collected later on by an inspector
who goes through the car for the pur-
pose. The companies have also detec-
tives whom the girls nickname Juoases.
to watch and see that all pay their fare
and that no fares are knocked down.
These conductresses wear black sailor
hats and dark dresses. They have on
white aprons. in the pockets Of which
they carry their money and tickets, ana
strapped round their waists are little
boxes for the checks they give the pas
sengers. They make reports at q little
kiosk in one part OF the city az IN, me
end Of each trip: another ttn ". soo 20 n1 ted-
numbers which indicate their routes.
This is in accordance with q custom
that prevails all over Germany, and 1t
is far better than our way OF marking
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-09-20

dens. There are hedges of roses. great
beds of geraniums. and also palms and
other tropical plants.
Walking down from the hills to my
hotel, l observed many other things
that reminded me of southern Europe
Naples or Madrid. Peddlers were NOV
ing around with baskets of vegetables
fruit and fish on their heads calling
their wares. The bread wagon was
horse with a great basket on each side
of his back; and I passed a milkwoma1
on street corner, who was selling
milk fresh from the COW. The cow had
told she would not give down her milk
without her baby was present. The
calf wore a cloth muzzle. and it locke
lean and lonesome. stopped and
bought a glass of milk for a nickel, re-
ceiving therefor about half pint.
A little further on ! stepped at book
store. The clerk spoke English and
dozen languages. Valparaiso is a cosmo-
politan city. Most Of its business is done
by foreigners. and It has foreign churches.
foreign clubs and charitable inst buttons.
1t has a branch CT the Y. NJ. c. A ard
one Of the Salvation Army. It has n
British hospital, and there are various
institutions kept up by the Germans.
The town is cooler than Santiago. and
it grows quite as fast. The new harboi
plans provide for an expenditure Of about
Sic, 0G0, 900 in gold, and when completed
they will give a space for safe anche rage
equal to about 200 acres This VIII fur
nish protection to the annual entry Of al
600 tons, which is the amount o traffic
expected now the canal Is completed.
Continued on Sixth Page)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-09-20

Guiding three Tyrolese batteries. and
six regiments and ten Independent ba-
tallions of fortress or garrison ar
ttllery in the common army. The de-
signer Of the uniform in which the ar
til1erymen OF the nation should be
clothed decided on a most unusual. if
not unique, color, for the tunics are of
a dark rich brown. The collar is scar
let. the cloak blue-gray with scarlet
facings and the trousers a dull blue.
officers wear a flowing horse hair
plume in their caps.
Engineers and pioneers in the Aus
trian forces number about 10000. Their
uniform frock is light blue. The most
interesting feature. perhaps. in regard
to the engineer corps IS the equipment
carried by the pontoon train, each
unit of which. when modified. con-
sists of 1 officer. SO men. la horses
and 10 four and six horse wagons.
Each train carries materials for pom
toon bridge fifty-eight yards long. and
a battalion of eight trains carries ma
terial for a bridge 464 yards long. Both
Austria and Hungary are traversed by
many rivers, and a large proportion of
them are both wide and deep. hence
this full equipment Of the pontoon di-
visions.
The sanitary troops number about
1000. This corps includes fifty-one
attachments for cavalry and infantry
divisions. forty field hospitals, twenty
six sanitary railway trains with ac-
commodation for 104 sick and wounded
in each, and various reserve detach-
ments. The uniform frock is a dark
green and all ranks wear on the left
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-09-20

it, and the city is larger and more
handsome than ever. AS 1t is a great
part of Valparaiso has been reclaimed
from the sea by filling in earth and
rock from the highlands. This was so
before the earthquake occurred, and it
provements. Many of the new streets
are now SO high that one has to go
down steps to get into the older build
ings still standing
The harbor Of Valparaiso, as it is
now, is not safe in certain weather It
needs breakwaters and other improve
ments. The large ships anchor some
distance out from the shore, and goods
and passengers are landed In boats.
The scene coming into the harbor Is
beautiful. The city Is built about q
bay, of the shape of a half moon. The
big warehouses and most important
business blocks are on the edge OF
this bay. and back of 1t. rising almost
straight up from the water, is an am
These hills are SO steep that the
houses are built on terraces and the
people go from level to level on cog
railroads. These roads are much like
elevators, save that they go up on
the slant. instead Of perpendicularly.
There Is one OF them at every few
blocks, and you can pick them out with
steamer. At night the view from the
ship Is especially beautiful The houses
on the hills and on the walls OF the
amphitheater are ablaze with lights,
and in addition are electric lights on
tie streets, making the whole look
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-09-20

only the names Of the routes on the
cars.
Where ended my ride was near one
of the cog railroads that lead to the
upper part of the city. When I entered
the station I had another surprise. IT
was a woman who opened the turnstile
and gave me my fare, and she did her
my money and then shut me inside a
cage like that of an elevator. She next
rang bell, and q moment later was
high above the roofs of the buildings
along the shore, with q magnificent view
of the ocean below me. could see tine
dreds of small boats at anchors while
away on at the side around the end OF
the bay was the town Of Vina del mar,
the summer resort Of the Chileans.
= The seasons are changed south OF
the equator. and it Is in January.
February and March that the Chileans
go to the coast to get cool. Vina del
Mar is the Newport and the Atlantic
City Of the west coast 1t has hum
dreds of luxurious villas like those out
side of Paris. and all the accompanl-
mentS of a city of pleasure, such as
clubs, golf, lawn tennis and foot ball.
1t has a mile track, where the Chiieans
bet on their favorite horses, and where
races are run every day throughout
the season. Indeed. the whole town
looks like a fashionable resort or one
OF the great spas of Europe. The
lecture; and many Of them would cost,
IT built in our country. from nifty to
one hundred thousand dollars aptece.
Not a few of them have beautiful gar
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-09-20

given in German, in order that bodies
OF all three sorts of troops may act
properly under one commanding off,
Ger by thorough understanding of his
orders. In all. eleven languages and
dialects are current in the empire, and
as many as four.
Military service in Austria-Hungary
as. as in Germany, France and Russia.
compulsory. even including the Moham-
medans of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
From the age of eighteen until his for
Joseph Is liable for service with the
colors. He first serves two years in the
regular common army, the Austrian
landwehr or the Hungarian landwehr,
according to the number he draws.
Cavalry and horse artillery serve three
years. Then comes ten, or nine, as the
case may be, years in the reserve. Aft
active service, the soldir IL fncorporat-
ed into the landsturm either Of Austria
or Hungary, and there he remains I'M
til he is forty-two. One-year vo1un-
teers are admitted. as in Germany.
and many of these become officers in
ment verges on the complicated.
-.
It may be that this great variety of
nationality. individual type, sentiment
and language has something to do with
a record in arms that is not up to the
standard of those of Germany. France,
England or Russia 1t is not particu-
larly impressive as regards past per-
formances, 1t must be admitted, and it
is not easy to single out either battles
or wars in which the Austrian arms
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-09-20

like a maze Of great frefies moving
about over the black walls OF the
hills.
The moment we came into the port to-
day our ship was boarded by heteros or
boatmen. who demanded to take our
selves and trunks to the shore l had
already been posted as to the prices and
arranged with one at cost of $25 in
Chilean money to take me through the
customshouse and to the hotel. This just
about equals So American. A moment
later my trunks had been lowered over
the sides and I was moving In boat
through the busy harbor. We had to
watch out for the launches, of which
there were scores flying this way and
that; we passed great barges of goods
being towed to and fro and wound our
way through many great sailing craft
some of which were loaded with lumber
from California and Puget sound We
passed one Chilean man-of-war. went un-
der the shadow of dry dock containing
steamer and finally came to the wharf
Just opposite the Intendencia or gov
ernor's palace. It took but q short time
to go through the customs and little
later We were driving through the city
over streets paved with asphalt and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-09-20
HussAR OFFICER, SHOWING pE1rssE.

Austria and Hungary have both been
long famous for the fine appearance of
their fighting men. Many of their uni
forms are gorgeous in the extreme,
and even the plainest, those of the In
fantry Of the line, are Of pleasing ap-
pearance. The foot soldier wears
dark blue single breasted tunic, with
the regimental insignia on patch on
the collar. The trousers are lighter
blue. and the cap Is of the "kepi' pat
tern. similar to that worn by the
French linesmen, but sitter and more
shapely. Officers wear three-pronged
green pompon, and the great coat IS OF
a blue. gray color.
Jaegers, or riff ZEN. wear uniform
not unlike that adopted by the south
ern Confederacy in the civil war. but
more ornate. In fact, it is one of the
most pleasing to the eye of all mill
tary garbs the world over. The frock
and trousers are of light. handsome
gray. Cuffs, collars and shoulder or
naments are Of an olive green, as are
the very broad double stripes on the
trousers, and the KEPT Is of dull black
leather with a wide colored band
around the top. Bosnian infantrymen
are clothed in light blue and wear a
Turkish fez and leggings, which lat
ter are not common in the Austro-
Hungarian army generally, as they are
in those of the United States and Eng
land.
The Tyrolese jaegers are clothed in
an adaptation of the native costume
OF that region. short jackets and
trousers. yarn stockings reaching above
the calf. but leaving the knees bare,
hob-nailed boots and broad hats with
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-09-20

&As 1t is now. 1t is one OF the chief
ports of the world. 1t Is the New
aYork of the west coast of South
america. and 1t does more business on
che western Pacific than any other town
Except San Francisco. 1t Is nearer the
,sthmus of Panama than our great port
II California, and in the new direction of
trade through the war in Europe, 1t will
be almost as full Of American vessels.
You all know Of Valparaiso. but I
doubt il many of you realize just where
It is. II is about as far south Of our
great canal as Boston is distant from
salt Lake City, and to equal its length
you would have to add 700 miles to the
distance between Boston and Panama
1t is right in the central part Of the
coast of this long republic of Chile, and
1 should say at guess about thirteen
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-09-20

Emperor of Austria and King of Hun
gary The state has, to all intents and
purposes. three armies, one for each OF
its two political divisions-that is, the
Austrian and Hungarian national
armies-and the so-called common
army" a fighting force enlisted from
the whole territory, and under the d.
rect supervision of the dual govern
ment
Recruits for the army draw lots.
Those holding the lower numbers are
drafted into the common army" and
those the higher numbers into the Aus
trian '1andwehr" or Hungarian land
wehr" or "honveaseg" as 1t is called,
or into the Ersatz reserve, a supple
mentary feeder of recruits for all three
in an emergency. When a young sub
Ject of Franz Joseph. therefore, is
ready for his military service, which is
usually at the age of twenty-one, he
does not know into which Of the three
armies he may go. All three may be
called the regular army" although
this arrangement has no parallel else
where. OF the three the common"
army is the largest and most impor-
tant.
The war minister of the dual state.
a general officer of high rank, is the
head of the department administering
the common army. The Austrian de-
tense minister has supervision over the
Austrian "landwehr" and its "land-
sturm," and the corresponding official
of the kingdom of Hungary that of the
corresponding Hungarian forces. Each
Of the two national armies is RESPONSE
BILE to the emperor-kinE for efficiency,
but to their own respective legislative
bodies for finance and administration.
Az regards nationality. the troops of
the empire are probably the most va
ried of any country, for within Its bor-
ders are included not only Teutons and
Hungarians or Magyars. but also
Czeehs, Turks, Slavs, Jews, Italians,
Bulgarians and gypsies. This wide va
rtety in nationality brings up. natur-
ally. the question of tongues. and this
has been settled in the following man
ner: German Is the official language
of the common" army, no matter
whence its officers and men are drawn.
and of the Austrian national army. the
austrian landwehr and landsturm
Hungarian is the official tongue of the
corresponding Hungarian national
army. But all words Of command are
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-09-20

hAUn AoOSE THE HOOFS.O
lined with stores that would not have
been out of place in New York or
Boston.
4 *
The thing that most interested me al
first sight was the street cars. These
are Of two stories. with second tier OF
seats on the roof There Is an iron stair
way at the back end Of the car that leads
to the second story, and one can ride
through the town as though on an ele-
waited railway. There is no roof to this
story, and it forms the best place for a
view of the city. Besides the fares are
cheaper on top than in the closed car be-
low. I pad only 1 cent of our money per
trip. The rates below are only 2 cents,
and Notwithstanding this am told that
the cars pay big dividends. The line
here and that at Santiago. over the
mountains about three or four hours OF
by train. belong to German company.
which has a monopoly of the transit.
They operate the Santiago cars by hydro
electric power. and that 10 cheaply that
their profits from that line alone are
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-09-20

A L P A RAISO has
plans out for i'm
proving its har-
Dor: and now that
the Panama canal
is completed 1t
will be able to
take care OF all
the in cre a 8 e d
traffic that comes
h ere from the
opening of that
great waterway.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-09-20
OFFICER IN WHITE SERVICE GAnn

The uniforms of the Austrian army
embrace almost every major color ai.d
many shades There are tunics of liGt
and dark blue, brown, light gray az
scarlet. One staff uniform consists CO.
tirely of green, with green plumes ll
the cooked hat. For fatigue purpose
and for hot weather white drill W.
forms are also worn. the officers clio. :
ing being especially trim and natty.
The cloaks of officers in certain of tie
cavalry regiments are lined with white.
and although in Vienna and other cei-
tiers they wear them on all occasions.
they are always perfectly spotless.
In the landsturm, when no uniform is
available as is sometimes the case.
civilian dress is worn with a black and
yellow band on the left arm for Aus
TRANS and red, white and green band
on the left arm for the Hungarians.
The figures given are for the regular
or common army. In the Austrian
landwehr, into which new recruits &c,
just as into the common forces. there
are forty regiments of infantry, six reg!-
and thirty-two batteries of artillery. In
the "honvedreg'' of Hungary there are
thirty-two infantry regiments, ten regt-
ments of cavalry and about 5000 artii-
lery. The total peace establishment O.
all the three forces $ upward of $4,000
men and officers and about 10000 horses.
A peculiar fact In regard to the forces
Of the dual monarchy is that undet
officers-that is, sergeants. corporals.
sergeants-majors and cadets-are NOT
counted as combatants, nor armed with
dle rife,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-09-20

He peculiar politi-
cal formation of
Austria = Hungary
Is reflected, to a
large extent, in
the army of that
nation. The state
consists of two
distinct Kingdoms,
Austria and Hun
gary, which have
the same ruler,
Francis Joseph,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-09-20

Copyrighted. 1914. by Frank c. Carpenter,
VALPARAISO, Chile.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-09-20

Recruits Draw Lots
to See Which One of
the Branches They
Will Go Into Wide
Variety of Nationality
in Austrian Fighting
Force-Cavalrymen as
the Inspiration of the
Designer of Toy Sol
diers-Brilliant Colors
for All Branches of
Service.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-09-20

Continued on sixth Page.)
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1914-11-19
ENGLISH yEARN|NG
FOR SIGHT Of A
ZEPPELIN SHIP

tHs Associated PressJ
MANCHESTER, England, Nov. 10.
Specializing on the possibility of a
Zeppelin raid on London, the Man
chester Guardian says there is no
ticeable feeling of disappointment
in England over the non-appearance
of these airships. While the Zeppe.
lin would not be really welcome,
there we're those at home so hunger
ing for excitement that as a whole
England seemed ready to take the
risk
II was coldly calculated that even
If fifty Zeppelins were sent over,
their concentrated devastation could
not cover more than six acres--or il
they dropped all their bombs on the
square mile that makes up the
City of London proper. they could
kill something under one in a hun
dred of the people who happened to
be there
over the whole of London, taking
the Metropolitan police area, the
chances of escaping would be about
10000 to one. over what may be
described as the central area of Lon
don, within which Zeppelin might
be expected to operate, the chances
of escape would be about $4,000 tC
one.
Personally, think it would be q
good job If the zeppelins did come
Even il they did drop few bombs
the stimulus to recruiting would be
worth what little was done" says
Frank Hedges Butler, who is founder
of the Royal Aero club.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1914-11-19
WINE CROP DAMAGED
|NTWOOf THE BEST
PROVINCES
CONDITIONS IN LORRAINE ARE
MUCH BETTER THAN IN
ALSAcE.

BERLIN Nov. l9.-Germanys best
wIne-producing district, Alsaee-Lor-
raine, has suffered heavily by the
war, and II Is claimed that the out.
put this year will be far below nor
NAL Alsace, especially. has a poor
crop. according TO reports. Not alone
had the bad seasons OF the last ten
years caused reduction of the area
OF vineyards to l0S.S40 hectares, u
decrease of los hectares Tor about
300 acres) since 1903. but the earlier
months Of the year were very unfay-
orable for the development of the
plant. The vines were affected ~
phylexera. which incessant cold rains
made worse, and then, when hot
weather finally came, the war broke
out. In southern Alsace, where the
valleys and hillsides of the Vosges
are almost entirely given to vine
growing. many vineyards were cut
down In order to facilitate military
operations, while others were tram
pied down during battles.
The result OF this has been that
the wine crop OF Aisace will be ap'
proximately one-rhird normal. Con.
ditions in Lorraine are better.
Though some OF the vineyards around
Metz were cut down when the war
began, tho crop generally Is plentiful
enough TO discount this The quality
moreover. is said to equal that oi
1904. Good weather early in the
season favored a good average crop
and. unlike those of Alsace and east
raine were able to give their vine
yards all needed care,
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1914-11-19
GERMAN LANCES ARE
PONOEROUS WHEN
HANDLED FIRST

tb! Associated Press.D
MANCHESTER, England, Nov. 19.
=" Among the most interesting of
the war trophies that have found
their way over here" says the Man
chester Guardian, ARE some speci-
mems of the German lance. 1t is not
a wooden pole. but an eleven or
twelve foot steel tube. II is very
heavy and at first seems quite un-
manageable to man of ordinary
strength. But two-thirds of the way
down from the head towards the
butt IL wrapping of thick twine to
give grip. And II you hold II there.
and there only, you find that it is so
evenly poised that, as one admiring
observer remarked, you conld write
your name with it.
There have been some descrip-
tions of cases where these tubular
lances have crumpled up in action
like an overburdened steel mast on
a racing yacht Perhaps that may be
accounted for by the peculiar shape
OF the head There is no point or
spear head of any kind Instead
there is a solid piece of iron shaped
exactly like the end of giant poker
square and quite blunt"
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1914-11-19
COEBEN SUFFERS
IN BATTLE WITH
RUSSIAN
FLEET
TWO FORMER GERMAN cRUIs.
ERS ENGAGED IN BLACK
SEA.
lny A.nocInted Prc.a.l

PETRoGRAD, Nov. IA division
of the Black sea fleet, returning from
a cruise to Sebastopol, sighted a
Turkish detachment consisting of the
Goeben and Breslau, according to an
official statement. The Russian feet
drew up in battle order, bringing the
enemy on the starboard and opened
fire al distance of about five miles.
The first salvo of twelve-inch guns
from the flagship of admiral, the Ev.
stafry struck the Goeben, caused an
explosion amidships and setting her
on fire. Following this the Evstafry
and other Russian ships opened fire.
A series of explosions were seen
in the hull of the Goeben, which
opened fire slowly.
/ The Germans directed their fire at
the flagship. The encounter lasted
fourteen minutes. The Goeben dis
appeared in fog.
Russian losses were a lieutenant
and nineteen sailors killed and five
wounded. The Breslau took no part
in the fight The Evstafry was slight
4 ly damaged.