The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1914-10-20


meeting, and in several other fea-
lures. The members of both senate
and house are elected by n males
of the country, but no one can vote
without he can read and write 1here
Is a difference in the voting axe as 10
whether a man is married or single
The bachelor has to wait until ne -
twenty-five, but the married mar can
vote at the age Of tWenty-0ne. Mem
bers Of the house Of deputies must
be at least t~wenty-One at the time OF
their election. and senators must De
thlrty-Siy or more. All canoiaAtes
for congress must have 4 specimen
income, and a member Of the over
house cannot serve without he has at
least $500 per year. Every senator
must have at least $4,000 4 year. ana
members of both houses ma Il serve
without salaries. There is supposed
to be no financial profit in the posi-
ton, and the place Is one OF honor
alone. AS to graft. l havo no doubt
but that more or less exists. Indeed.
l have yet to find a Legislative body
on earth where each and all OF the
| members are saints.
The provisions for educational
| CuallUCdllOnS lOE SUM St diit liit y
uuirement of a specified income
makes the government of Chile an
oligarchy. 1t practically cpnfints the
administration to the richer classes.
and the great families control the
country. This is SO not only in Chile.
but in all of the Latin American re-
publics. 1t has always been so IN
Mexico, and the supposltlol that the
MeXicans can have free and fair cleo
tons under the present conditions Is
absurd to any one who Knows Latin
America. The government OF those
countries has always been in the
hands of the few, and it is Only by
education and gradual upli~t that the
masses can be fitted to take part in
the Legislature and the government
The Chilean congress meet in the
winter, its sessions running from
Jene / to September /. This country
as you know, is south of the NqUator
and it therefore has its winter WheT
we have our summer. In ADDITION tt
this regular meeting, the IreSlden'
can call an extra session
he chooses, and during the recess {
permanent committee of mel bers o
both houses presides over certain
public business.
The houses of congress are situate
in the heart of the ity. The capito
building is of two stories. Its ma
- e 1 > WIillC Sloi1C, oiAA AAt poA tA(oN
which form the entrance to tn
: chamber of deputies and the senate
are each upheld by six Corinthiar
!, columns. The building is surround
: : ed by a beautiful garden filled wit
l semi-tropical trees. There are palm
as big around as a hogsh >ad. whic
= are nevertheless not more than th-rt
feet high. There are also beds c
beautiful lowers. At one corner c
, the grounds is a fountain, aid at tn
4 other a statue standing or the sit
of the Jesuit chu.ch, which wa
, burned while the congregation was {
worship, resulting in the death {
: more than two thousand Women III
doors Of the church opened inward
! and when the fire occurred the aud
$ ence pressed against the doors, hole
u ing them shut, and causing tn
s enormous loss Of life. The monu
ment is a beautiful marble Madonn
:, in the attitude Of mourning, with fou
kneeling angels at her feet.
u l passed this in gOil
into the chamber of deputies. TIL
chamber is entered by a beautift
e hall in the shape Of a half 400 an
: the galleries for visitors are reache
IT by a marble staircase, which leads t
:, a second and third floor Both of tn
IS chambers have the desks of the men
n bers running in rows back from tn
= | Seat O1 Il1O IN SSh L
If mahogany, and are more like scho
IS desks than those which we former,
IS had in the House OF Representative
Ie president and secretaries, n thel
II The building has also looms for tf
It is a hall, where the preside
l. reads his message to both mouse
a which come together for the purpos
Ie The government Of Chile has thrt
branches: Executive, cOnslstll 6 OF II
le president and his cabinet; leglslatlv
ot comprising the two branches OF Coz
Is gress. and judicial, embracing IL
D. courts. The country is divided in
,e provinces, which correspond to o.
states, and departments, that m;
be compared to u counties. II
Of president appoints h governors
st the provinces and the chief once
is of the countries. They in turn a
point the officials under them, so tn
Ill the president practically controls Il