davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1914-12-08
pear or find other channels while we

pear or find other channels while we
debated the items.
The case is not unlike that which
confronted us when our own continent
was to be opened up to settlement ana
industry, and we needed long lines or
railway, extended means Of transpor-
tation prepared beforehand. il develop
ment was not to lag intolerably ana
wait Unfortunately. We lavishly SUD-
sidized the building Of transcontl-
mental railroads. We look back upon
that with regret now, because the SUD
sides led to many scandals OF when
we are ashamed, but we know that
the railroads had to be built, and II
we had it to do over again we shoulo
of course build them, but in another
way. Therefore l propose another
way OF providing the means OF trans
portation. which must precede, not
tardily follow, the development or our
trade with our neighbor states OF
America. 1t may seem Il reversal OF
the natural order of things. but 1t Is
true, that the routes of trade must De
actually opened-by many ships ana
regular sailings and moderate charges
before streams Of merchandise viii
flow freely and profitably through
them.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1914-12-08
Minutes and Seconds,

At least twenty-five centuries before
Christ the Rabylonians used a sexa-
gesimal system OF notation, consisting
Of sari and sossi. Of which we have
veStiges when we reckon sixty min
utes to the hour and sixty seconds to
the minute, or 5000 seconds-that is. a
SanS Of sossi-to the hour. That we
count twelve inches to the foot. TWEEN
tyfour hours to the day. SEQ degrees
Of longitude around the equator. nine
ty degrees Of latitude from the equator
to the poles and sixty miles to degree
may also he traced to the same duo
decimal Babylonian system of numera-
ton, which originally reckoned sixty
shekels to the nina and sixty minas to
the talent. All these numbers are fac
tors or multipies of the saros. or sixty.
Our measure of time. money. Of linear
and angular space are all derived from
the Greeks. who obtained them from
the Babylonians, probably through the
Phoenicians
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1914-12-08

of craft of different kinds and uses
continues to change as we have seen
it change under our very eyes in these
last few months?
But l turn away from the subject
1t is not new. There is no new need
to discuss it. We shall not alter our
attitude toward it because some among
us are nervous and excited. We shall
easily and sensibly agree upon a policy
of defense. The question has not
changed its aspects because the times
are not normal Our policy will not
he for an occasion. 1t will be conceiv-
ed as a permanent and settled thing
which we will pursue at all seasons
without haste and after a fashion per-
fectly consistent with the peace Of the
world. the abiding friendship Of states
and the unhampered freedom OF all
with whom We deal. Let there be no
misconception. The country has been
misnformed. We have not been neg
ligent OF national defense. We are not
unmindful Of the great responsibility
resting upon us. We shall learn and
profit by the lesson OF every expert
ence and every new circumstance. and
what is needed will be adequately
done.
l close. as I began. by reminding
you of the great tasks and duties Of
peace which challenge our best powers
and invite us to build what will last.
the tasks to which we can address our
selves now and at all time with free
hearted Zest and with all the finest
gifts of constructive wisdom we pos
sess. To develop our life and our re-
sources. to supply our own people and
| the people of the world as their need
arises from the abundant plenty Of
! our fields and our marts Of trade, to
enrich the commerce Of our own states
and of the world with the products of
our mines, our farms and our factO-
! ries, with the crea lions Of our thought
and the fruits OF our characteristics
IS what will hold our attention and
our enthusiasm steadily now and in
the years to come as we strive to
show in our life as a nation what lib.
erty and the inspirations Of an eman-
cipated spirit may do for men and for
| societies. for individuals. for states
and for mankind.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1914-12-08
COASTS OF ALASKA
SHOULD BE SURVEYED
Present Dangers to Navigation Ought
to Be Removed by Charts.

There is another matter Of which |
must make special mention. II am t..
discharge my conscience, lest it should
escape your attention. 1t may seem a
very small thing. 1t affects only a
single item of appropriation. But
many human lives and many great Ell
terprises hang upon it. 1t is the mat
ter Of making adequate provision for
the survey and charting Of our coasts.
1t is Immediately pressing and exigent
in connection with the immense coast
line Of Alaska. a coast line greater
than that of the United States them
selves. though it is also very impor-
tant indeed with regard to the older
coasts of the continent.
We cannot use our great Alaskan
domain. ships will not ply thither. if
those coasts and their many hidden
dangers are not thoroughly surveyed
and charted. The work is incomplete
at almost every point. Ships and lives
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1914-12-08

traordinary, and so must our efforts be
also
Fortunately two great measures. fine
ly conceived, the one to unlock, with
proper safeguards, the resources OF the
national domain. the other to encouf
age the use of the naviSable waters
outside that domain for the genera
ton Of power have already passed the
house Of representatives and are ready
for immediate consideration and &C
ticn by the senate. With the deepest
earnestness l urge their prompt pas
sage. In them both we turn our backs
upon hesitation and makeshift and
formulate a genuine policy of use and
conservation in the best sense OF those
words. We owe the one measure not
only to the people Of that great west
ern country for whose free and SyS-
tematic development, as it seems to
but also to the people of the nation
as a whole, and we as clearly owe the
other in fultillment of our repeated
promises that the water power Of the
country should in fact as well as in
uame be put at the disposal Of great
Industries which can make economical
and profitable use Of it. the rights of
the public being adequately guarded
the while and monopoly in the use pre-
vented. To have begun such measures
and not completed them would indeed
mar the record of this great congress
very seriously. | hope and confidently
believe that they will be completed.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1914-12-08

have been lost in threading what were
supposed to be well known main chan
nels We have not provided adequate
vessels or adequate machinery for the
survey and charting. We have used
old vessels that were not big enough
or strong enough and which were so
nearly unsea worthy that our inspectors
would not have allowed private own
ers to send them to sea. This Is a
matter which, as l have said, seems
small, but is in reality very great. Its
Importance has only to be looked into
to be appreciated.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1914-12-08

is President VIII
sons annual message, deliver
ed at the beginning of the
short term OF the Sixty third
congress:
Gentlemen Of the Congress-The SEES
sion upon which .ou are now entering
Will be the closing session OF the Six
ty-third congress. congress, l ven
ture to say, which will long be remem-
bered for the great body OF thoughtful
and constructive work which it has
done in loyal response to the thought
and needs OF the country. I should
like in this address to review the nota
bic record and try to make adequate
assessment OF it. but no doubt We
stand too near the work that has been
done and are ourselves too much part
OF it to play the part Of historians to
ward it,
Of the future than OF the past. While
we have worked at our tasks OF peace
the circumstances OF the whole age
have beenaltered by war. What we have
done for our own land and our own
people we did with the best that was in
us. whether Of character or Of intelli.
Gence, with sober enthusiasm and a
confidence in the principles upon which
we were acting which sustained US al
every step OF the difficult undertak
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1914-12-08

ways found means to do that and
shall find them whenever 1t Is neces-
sary without calling our people away
from their necessary tasks to render
compulsory military service In times
of peace.
Allow me to speak with great plain
ness and directness upon this great
matter and to avow my convictions
with deep earnestness. l have tried
to know what America is, what her
people think. what they are. what they
most cherish and hold dear. l hope
that some Of their finer passions are In
my own heart-sOme of the great con-
cepthons and desires which gave birth
to this government and which have
made the voice of this people a voice
OF peace and hope and liberty among
the peoples of the world. and that.
speaking my own thoughts, shall, at
least in part, speak theirs also. how
ever family and inadequately, upon
this vital matter.
We are at peace with all the world
No one who speaks counsel based on
fact or drawn from a just and candid
Interpretation of realities can say that
there is reason to fear that from any
quarter our independence or the integ-
rity of our territory is threatened.
Dread of the power Of any other ma
/ ton we are incapable Of We are not
jealous Of rivalry in the fields of COM
| 'nerce or OF any other peaceful achieve
| .nent We mean to live our own lives
rs we will. but we mean also to let
| live. We are. indeed. true friend to
| all the nations of the world. because
| we threaten none, covet the posses
.ions of none, desire the overthrow OF
none.
Our friendship can be accepted anC
is accepted without reservation, be
ause 1t is offered in a spirit and FOL
L purpose which no one need evel
question or suspect Therein lies ou1
greatness We are the champions o.
peace and of concord. And we shOult
be very Jealous of this distinction
which we have sought to earn. Jus
now we should be particularly jealou
Of it, because it is our dearest presen
hope that this character and reputation
may presently, in Gods providence
bring us an opportunity such AS ha
seldom been vouchsafed any nation
the opportunity to counsel and obtai
peace in the world and reconciliatio
md healing settlement OF many
matter that has cooled and interrupt
ed the friendship of nations. This
he time above all others when "
| should wish and resolve to keep on
strength by self possession. our inf,
.nce by preserving our ancient prime
piles Of action.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1914-12-08

seas, not to our ports. but to the ports
Of Great Britain and Of the Older con-
tinent of Europe | do not stop to in
quire why or to make any comment on
probable causes. What interests us
Just now is not the explanation, but
the fact and our duty and opportunity
in the presence Of it. Here are mar
kets which we must supply, and we
must find the means Of action. The
| United States, this great people for
| W HON we speak and act, should be
ready as never before to serve itself
and to serve mankind. ready with its
resources, its energies, it's forces of
production and its means Of distribu
! ton.
| 1t is very practical matter. a mat
| ter Of ways and means. We have the
resources. but are we fully ready to
use them? And, if we can make ready
what we have. have we the means at
hand to distribute it? We are not
fully ready: neither have we the means
! of distribution. We are willing. but
we are not fully able. We have the
wish to serve and to serve greatly, gen
erously. But we are not prepared as
we should be. We are not ready to
mobilize our resources at once. We are
not prepared to use them immediately
and at their best. without delay and
without waste.
To speak plainly, we have grossly
erred in the way in which we have
Stuntcd and hindered the development
Of our merchant marine. And now.
when we need ships. we have not got
them. We have year after year debat
ed. without end or conclusion, the best
policy to pursue with regard to the
use Of the ores and forests and water
powers Of our national domain in the
rich states of the west, when we
should have acted, and they are still
locked up The key is still turned
upon them, the door shut fast at which
. thousands Of vigorous men. full of
| initiative. knock DANGEROUSLY for ad-
mittance The water power Of our nav
, igable streams outside the national
domain also. even in the eastern states,
where we have worked and planned
! for generations, is still not used as it
might be, because we will and we
{ won't; because the laws we have
) made do not intelligently balance en-
= coura cement against restraint. We
l withhold by regulation.
= l have come to ask you to remedy
t and correct these mistakes and omis
t SONS. even at this short session of a
congress which would certainly seem
r to have done all the work that could
o reasonably be expected OF it. The
v time and the circumstances are ex
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1914-12-08
SELF GOVERNMENT FOR
FILIPlNOS is URGED.
President Says Senate Should Pass
Measure Now Before Senate.

And there is another great piece Of
legislation which awaits and should Re
ceiye the sanction Of the senate. |
mean the bill which gives larger
measure Of self government to the PEG
pie of the Philippines. How better III
this time OF anxious questioning and
perplexed policy could we show our
confidence in the principles Of liberty
as the source as we'll as the expression
of life; how better could We demon
strate our own self possession and
steadfastness in the courses of Justice
and Observation-Disclosures than by thus go
ing calmly forward to fulfill our prom
ises to Il dependent people, who will
now look more anXiously than ever to
see whether we have indeed the liher-
atty, the unSeltishness. the courage,
the faith we have boosted and profess
ed? / cannot believe that the sena te
will let this great measure Of construc-
tive justice await the action OF another
congress. It's passage would nohlE
crown the record Of these two years
OF memorable labor
| But | think that you will agree with
me that this does not complete the toll
| OF our duty. How are we to carry ou1
| goods to the empty markets Of which
| | have spoken If we have not the
| ships? How are we to build up a great
| trade if we have not the certain anG
constant means OF transportation upor
| which all profitable and useful com
| merce depends? And how are we tt
| got tho ShjpS If wp wait for the trade
to develop without them? To correct
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1914-12-08
PRINCIPAL POINTS IN
PRESIDENTS MESSAGE.

First.-Urges passage of bills now
pending for unlocking natural re-
sources with proper conservation and
for encouraging use of nav'sable wa
tiers for generation of power.
Second.-Says senate should sanction
bill for greater self government TOR
FiIipinos passed by house.
Third.-Recommends that congress pass
shipping bill now pending creating a
government merchant marine.
Fourth.-Urges passage OF seamen's
safety bill.
Fifth.-Asks for a law to chart the dan
gerous coasts Of Alaska.
Sixth.--Points out need of strietest
economy consistent with efficient
government and recommends sys-
tomato governmental reorganization
Seventh.-States plainly that he is
opposed to big standing army. but
says America should encourage a
citizenry trained in tho rudiments OF
military affairs and accustomed to
arms.
Eishth.-Says powerful navy is our
natural and proper means Of defense
but asks who can tel! what sort OF
navy to build.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1914-12-08
GATES OF TRADE MUST BE
OPENED.

The government must open
these oates Of trade, and open
them wide, open them before it
is altogether profitable to open
them or altogether reasonable
to ask private capital to open
them at venture. It is not a
question Of the government mo-
nopoiizing the field. It should
take action to mako it certain
that transportation at reason
able rates will be promptly pro-
vided, even where the carriage
is not at first profitable, and
then, when the carriage has be-
come sufficiently profitable to at
tract and engage private capital
and engage it in abundance, the
government ought to withdraw.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1914-12-08
AMERICA FACES NEW
MARKETS FOR TRADE
Merchant Marine Must Be Built Up t.
Meet Opportunity.

nations whom Europe has usually sup
piled with innumerable articles Of man
ufacture and commerce of which they
are in constant need and without which
their economic development halts and
stands still can now get only a small
part Of what they formerly imported
and eagerly look to us to supply their
all but empty markets This is partic-
ularly true Of our own neighbors. the
states, great and small. of Central and
South America Their lines Of trade
have hitherto run chiefly athwart the
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1914-12-08
NOT A NiGGARDLY NATION.

1t is not expenditure. but ex-
travacance, that we should tear
being criticised for, not paying
for the legitimate enterprises
and undertakings of great
government whose people COM
mand what it should do, but
adding what will benefit only a
few or pouring money out tor
what need not have been under
taken at all or might have been
postponed or better and more
economically conceived and car
rjed out. The nation is not Mig
aardly: it is very generous.
will chide US only if we forget
for whom we pay money out
and whose money it is we pay.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1914-12-08
WHO SHALL TELL US WHAT
SORT OF NAVY TO BUILO?"

A powerful navy we have al
ways regarded as our proper
and natural means Of defense,
and it has always been Of de.
tense that we have thought,
never Of aggression or Of con.
quest. But who shall tell u
now. what sort Of navy to buiId7
We shall take leave to be strong
upon the seas in the future a.
in the past, and there will b
no thought Of offense or Of prov
ocation in that. Our ships are
our natural bulwarks. When
will the experts tell US just what
kind we should construct, and
whom will they be right for ten
years together Is the relative
efficiency of craft Of different
kinds and uses continues to
change a. We have seen il
change under our very eyes in
these last few months?
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1914-12-08
POWERFUL NAVY IS
AMERICAN POLICY.
United States Will Continue to Remain
Strong on the Seas.

A powerful navy We have always
regarded as our proper and natural
means Of defense. and it has always
been Of defense that We have thought,
never of aggression or Of conquest.
But who shall tell us now what sort
Of navy to build? We shall take leave
to be strong upon the seas In the fu-
ture rs in the past. and there will be
no thought Of offense or Of provocation
In that. Our ships are our natural
bulwarks. When will the experts tell
US just what kind We should construct.
and when will they be right for ten
years together. II the relative efficiency
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1914-12-08

the many mistakes by which we have
discouraged and all but destroyed the
merchant marine of the country, to re-
trace the steps by which we have, it
seems almost deliberately, withdrawn
our flag from the seas, except where.
here and there, a ship of war is hidden
carry it or some wandering yacht dis
plays it, would take a long time and
involve many detailed items OF legis-
lation, and the trade which we ought
Immediately to handle would disap-
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1914-12-08
WILL RELY ON TRAINED
CITIZENS, NOT SOLDIERS
In Time Of Peril Nation Will Answer
Call to Arms Noby.

From the first we have had a clear
and settled policy with regard to mill
tary establishments. We never have
had. and while we retain our present
principles and ideals we never shall
have. a large standing army. If asked
Are you ready to defend yourselves:
we reply Most assuredly: to the ut
most And yet we shall not turn
will not ask our young men to spend
the best years Of their lives making
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1914-12-08
NO LARGE STANDING ARMY

We never have had, and while
we retain our present principles
and ideals we never shall have,
a large standing army. If asked,
"Are you ready to defend your
seIves?" we reply, "Most as
suredIy, to the utmost, and yet
we shall not turn America into
a military camp; we will not
ask our young men to spend the
best years Of their lives making
soldiers Of themselves"
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1914-12-08
1--WE NEED SHIPS; WE HAVE
NOT GOT THEM"

The United States, this great
people for whom we speak and
act, should be ready as never
before to serve itself and to
serve mankind: ready with it's
resources, it's energies, its forces
Of production and its means Of
distribution. We are
not ready to mobilize our re-
sources at once. We are not
prepared to use them inme-
diateiy and at their best, with
out delay and without waste.
To speak plainly, we have
grossly erred in the way in
which we have stunted and him
dered the developments Of our
merchant marine, and now, when
we need ships, we have not got
them.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1914-12-08
THE UNITED STATES AND
THE WAR.

War has Interrupted the means
Of trade not only, but also tho
processes Of production. In Eu-
rope il is destroying men and
resources wholesale and upon a
scale unprecedented and appaII-
ing. There is reason to fear
that the time is near. if it be not
already at hand, when several
Of tho countries of Europe will
find it difficult to do for their
people what they have hitherto
been always easily able to do
many essential and fundamental
Things. At any rate, they will
need our help and our manifold
services as they have mover
needed them before, and we
should be ready. more fit and
ready than we have ever been.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1914-12-08
PRESIDENT OPPOSED TO
BIG STANDING ARMY.
Speaks Plainly and Directly on Cues
ton of National Defenses.

The other topic I shall take leave
to mention goes deeper into the prin.
iples Of our national life and policy
II is the subject of national defense.
answering some very searching ques-
tons. 1t is said in some quarters that
We are not prepared for war. What is
meant by being prepared? Is it meant
hat we are not ready upon brief no.
ice to put nation in the field. ma
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1914-12-08
SAYS SHIPPING BILL
is VERY IMPORTANT
Il Should Be Passed to Profit by Open
cd Gates Of Trade.

Hence the pending shipping bill, dls-
c,Issed at the last session. but as vet
PASSED by neither house. In my l"dg-
ment such legislation is imperatlVely
needed and cannot wisely be postpon-
ed The government must open theSe
gates of trade. and open them wide.
open them before it is altogether profit
able to omen them or altogether rea-
Sonable to ask private capital to open
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1914-12-08
TRAINED ClTIZENRY FOR
DEFENSE.

We must depend in every tine
Of national peril upon
a citizenry trained and accus-
toned to arms. We
should encourage such training
and make it a means of disci-
pline which our young men will
learn to value. 1t is
right, too, that the national
guard Of the states should be
developed and strengthened by
every means which is not in
consistent with our obligations
to our own people or with the
established policy Of our gov
eminent.