davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1914-08-09
Prominent Indians Visit Ardmore---
Chickasaws Will Get Payment of $4,000

delegation in congress very busy taking care of
him. Gov. Johnston is Of the opinion that Will
ams cannot win in the next congress. While he
kept the Choctaws from getting their money,
the Oklahoma delegation kept the Mississippi
Choctaws off the rolls and there was partial
victory on both sides.
Governor Johnston states that too much
credit cannot be given the Oklahoma delegation
in congress. Charley Garter from Ardmore is
said to have never slept while the heat of battle
was on and he was supported in brilliant man
ner by Congressman Murray and Scott Ferris.
Governor Johnston and Dr. Howell were both
pleased over the primaries in which Bill Murray
and Scott Ferris were both nominated for con-
gress in their respective districts.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1914-08-09
WITH "THE TREY o. HEARTS"
COMPANY IN CALIFORNIA

After completing the first Install
mepL OF the "Trey O. Hearts" series,
entitled Flower O. the Flame" the
Gold Seal company, of which Wilfred
Iucas is director has returned to
Los Angeles from the Big Bear Val
ley and Devils Canyon, bringing with
them many a thrilling story of their
experiences in the widest and most
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1914-08-09

capita payment of $lOO. The checks will be
mailed out to the members of the tribe during
the month of September. The Choctaws will
not get their payment this year, but the COVER
nor states that matters are in fine shape to OBJ
tain a settlement for the Choctaws during the
next session. A bitter fight was waged against
the Choctaw payment by John Sharpe Williams,
and other members Of the Mississippi delegation
in congress. The Mississippians claim that the
Choctaws still residing in Mississippi are enti-
tied to share in the moneys that are to the credit
of the Choctaw tribe in the treasury of the
United States. John Sharpe Williams is one Of
the most brilliant fighters that was ever in con-
gress from any state and he kept the Oklahoma
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1914-08-09

To own a horse like King Couch
man would soon make its owner rich
as Dick Mahan will attest. This thor
oughbred has started twice this year,
each time landing the juicy plum of
$4,000. Recently at Detroit King
Couchman took the Chamber of Com
merce stake in straight heats in 213
class.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1914-08-09

Governor Douglas H. Johnston of the Chick
asaw Nation has returned from Washington,
where he was before the departments and before
the congressional committee on Indian affairs
as delegate from the Chickasaw-Choctaw
Treaty Rights Association and was an Ardmore
visitor yesterday. He came here to see j. b.
Moore who is one of the attorneys for the Chick
asaws. While here, the governor met Dr. 1. 7.
Howell. who has been in Washington also as
delegate from the Treaty Rights Association.
The men stated that they did not meet by ap-
pontment, but each happened to have business
in Ardmore at the same time, and incidentally
met here.
Governor Johnston expressed himself as be-
ing well pleased with the work of congress on
Indian affairs. The ChickasaWs will get per
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1914-08-09

Your telephone bill for the month is
past due; unless paid by 6 p. m. of
the 10th, no discount will be allowed.
Pioneer Telephone and Telegraph Co.
Advertisement
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1914-08-09

A Want Ad today will rent that
room tomorrow.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-09-13

lance under the surface: and the method
OF getting it out is to bore round hole
foot In diameter through the layers of
sand and rock above it and blow 1t out
with blasting powder. The powder Is
made on the spot, and that out of nitrate
similar to that which 1t Is 90 blow up.
The only things required in addition are
charcoal and sulphur The explosion
breaks up the earth for radius Of forty
feet around the charge, and the charges
are put In in rows so that the mining can
be done in trenches. After the rock has
been broken. it is dug up with picks and
crowbars. 1t is broken up into Jumps of
such size that they can be loaded upon
the cars, and be taken to the factories
where 1t Is further reduced by machinery
made for the purpose.
Nitrate is seldom found pure in nature.
AS it lies in the desert it is mixed with
other rock. and the best of the deposits
contain only from 40 to 80 per cent of
pure nitrate of soda. II the ore contains
more than % per cent 1t Is called caliche
and il less than that 1t is costra. The
costra lies on the top. and the caliche is
usually found underneath. Before the
stuff can be used 1t must be refined and
all the earth and rock taken out The
laws require that the salts exported must
be 95 per cent or more pure. 1t Is such
salts that form the nitrate Of soda of
commerce.
There have been but few changes in
the methods of nitrate reduction since
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-09-13

nitrate are confined to few hundred
acres. and the purity Of the ore varies
greatly.
AS a general thing the nitrate is close
to the surface. 1t crops out here and
there. and 1t seldom extends for more
than twenty feet below the surface of the
desert.
AS to whence these great fields of
nitrate come, there are many different
theories. One is that this part of Chile
was once the bed of an inland sea, and
that the nitrate came from the decayinR
of the heterogeneous seaweed. Another
theory is that the ammonia which arose
from the vast beds Of guano In the is
lands Of the west coast was carried by
the winds to the mainland. where it con-
densed and united with the other chemi-
calls of the soil to form the deposits. A
third supposition Is that the nitrates
came from certain electrical discharges
Of the Andes which combined with the
air SO as to make nitric acid. the acid
being deposited In these beds in the form
OF nitrate OF soda.
None Of these theories is satisfactory,
and yet the scientists have little better to
offer. DR.. Walter 8. Tower Of the Chica-
go University says they have come from
great lagoon which was formed in tn 8
region by the rising OF the land in such
way that 1t formed the home Of a world
Of bird life. The lagoon was shallow and
the birds waded through it and fed on its
shores. Their droppIhgs formed guano.
and az evaporation went on this combined
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-09-13

employ hundreds Of men. Some have an
output Of a half million pounds of nitrate
per day, and there is one which markets
pounds per annum.
The work of the big nitrate factory is
scientifically done. The rock is crushed
just SO fine and boiled just SO much and
no more. The boiling tanks are usually
situated In a building high above the
ground. Each is b g enough to form a
bathtub for an elephant. 1t is equ- pped
with coils of steam pipe that keep the
temperature of the fluid within at just
the desired point. The caliche. or n trate
ore is carried up an inc ined railway and
dumped into the tank. Then the water
containing a certain port on of nitrate Of
soda in solution is allowed to flow from
tank to tank. so as to act to the best ad-
vantage on the salts within Experiments
have shown just how much water and
how much salts should be used. and
everything is done by the rules that ex-
perience and science have proved best for
The reduction. 1t taxes three or fou. hou rs
of boiling to make the liquid of the re-
quired density, and when 1t is run OF
it looks for all the world like pale ma
pie molasses or thick lemon strip. 1t is
now goes int othe crystal,izing tanks.
where 1t lies for ten or fifteen days. Dur
ing this time the soda all drops to the
bottom and the tank Is half full Of what
looks like pure white sugar or salt. The
mother liquor, VIII CHI floats on top, 10 now
drawn OF and returned to the boiling
tank to be used over again, and the salt is
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-09-13

ward to beyond the port Of Iquique
distance of 400 or o miles. 1t is claimed
that there is some nitrate in Peru, but so
far the percentage has been SO low that
the deposits are not worth the working.
The nitrate beds are found right out in
the desert They lie at an altitude of
several thousand feet above the sea. on
the western slope Of a range of low hills
that run along the coast. They are from
20 to 100 miles back from the coast, and
the belt In which they lie is seldom more
than ten miles in width. 1t is therefore
not hard to get the stun to the seaboard
and the most of the haul Is down hill.
The bed Of nitrate is not regularly and
evenly distributed throughout. Much of
it is in pockets. There is one salt field in
the province of Tarapaca that covers an
area of more than 100 square miles, but
thu" ore others where the beds of good
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-09-13

visited this reg'o on. now more than fifteen
years ago. There are many more Off
cinas. as the nitrate factories are called.
and the output has been quadrupled: but
the methods of working are just about
the same The average officina is col
lection of great buildings with tall smoke
stacks rs ng above them 1t has thou
sands of dollars worth of costly machin-
cry, vast tanks for boiling the nitrate
rock and crushers like those of a smelter
that break the rock to pieces. 1t has set
ting watts. in which the liquor contain
ing the pure nitrate of soda IS left. until
it has dropped its burden of valuable
salts, and also arrangements for baggins
the salts and shipping them down to the
seacoast over the railroad.
Some of the largest plants of this kind
cost millions of pesos and some of them
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-09-13

bone of Iauique. the foundation of Anto-
fagasta and 1t also feeds Taltal, Majil-
ZONES, Pisagua. Chanaral and Tocopilla,
which are towns of less size.
Iquique depends entirely on nitrate.
Next to Valparaiso and Antofagasta 1t Is
the most thriving seaport of the coun-
try. 1t lies on the eige Of the sea under
bare ragged hills. For hundred miles
back of it and around it there is moth
ing but desert. The country has not one
blade of grass except that fed by the
fresh water brought to Iquique in pipes,
and the whole supply of the city comes
through an iron tube which is more than
seventy-fve miles in length. Neverthe-
less the city has $4,000 inhabitants. II
has wide streets and an electric car line.
1t has its newspapers. theater. moving
picture shows and good English club
though it produces nothing but nitrate
of soda and everything must come from
abroad, its people live almost as well as
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-09-13
Past and Present.

CONGRESSMAN WILLIAM H. MUIR
- RAY. on his return from vacation
in the heart of the New England coun-
try, said in Tishomingo:
THE progress of the country Is as
tonishing The farmer of today drives
his motor car, smokes his garette in
long amber tube. and. over his after
dinner coffee, listens to Caruso singing
the the Star Song from 'Tosca' on the
phonograph. or hears his wife rendering
on the player-piano Grieg's Peer Gynt
suite.
my New England farmer host. in
answer to my compliments. said. yes,
tn ngs had changed on the farm, and, to
accent this change, he told a story
story of the past.
I'm the general store of the village.
he began, the general storekeeper took a
chew of tobacco and said:
Tibet thar new preacher of ourn
is certainly a dude. Gosh hang my but
tons eff he don't comb out his whiskers
every mornin'. l got 1t straight from
his hired GAL
Everybody stared at the general
storekeeper In establishment before this
news. Then the old squire chuckled and
sa d:
"'WaIl. by crinus. don't see how he
stands the torture of it. / comb my
whiskers every Sunday, and DANCED ef
the knots don't make me plumb near
cusS an swear.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-09-13

those of any other South American city
There is a vast deal of money invested
in the nitrate fields and enormous for
tunes have been made out CT them You
have all heard of Col. North, the nitrate
king who cut splurge in England dur
ing the latter part of his rfe. l visited
him once at his country place at Ethan.
near London. He had an enormous es-
tablishment and was so proud of its gor-
geousness that he had me taken down
into the vault under his house to show
me his jewels He kept a stud of fine
horses and was an associate of the Prince
of Wales at the big races.
Today the most of the nitrate works
are owned by stock companies. and nearly
all of them are paying big dividends.
Some have doubled and treb.ed in va ne
since they were organized. Take the
Aqua Santa. whose capital when I Wis
tied it some ears ago was only $500 600.
When that stock was paid in, it was at
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-09-13

and killed scores of men. The rife fire
of the British troops has been described
as rapid and deadly. The weapons are
the last word. apparently. in the science
of killing
Few persons. hearing of these weapons.
rea ize from what h"mN,e beginnings they
spranc Grotesuue. freque ntly useless
guns slowly CHANGED during the centuries
while man sought the solution of the
problems of "un fire
The wea0onS with which nations have
slain each other curing the centuries
exhibited in a COLLECTION at the National
M"seom. are a wonderful study in the
advan cement of the science Of killing
In a larve room. racked one above the
other. is about every tvne Of weapon IN
general use stree tire invention of DOW
der. Indeed one norton of the cellec-
ton artadetes grn~nwIer brit represents
nevertheless. the beginning of the gun.
Crossbows are referred to-
CrossNows- of course were used with
arrows Tfev were TIE weapons with
which tho French ~curht 20 meet the
attack Of the English bovr,en And thew
are wonderfully contrived The arrow
Laws in q groove. The bow is fastened
at what would he the m-z-le of a gun
The stock is cr'1de'v initiative of the
modern rife. When the archer. or rather
the crcssbhwr'an. wanted to shoot he
toot crank and wound away until he
had drawn the cord of the bow back to
notch which held it until the trigger
was touched. Then he aimed Finally
he iet fly wi n fair possibility of hit
TIM anything that was near him. 1t Is
generally conceded that the British archer
vas decidedly more accurate than was
the continental eros bowman.
Experiments with gunpowder appear to
date back to the twelfth century. when
the leading authorities of the time grave
~ admitted that gunpowder might some
day prove factor in battles In that
dim slant day the orient was already
using weapons which remotely resembied
the modern weapon
In the far end of the museum is a col
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-09-13
TYPES OF ANCIENT cRossBows.

the latter that the Germans marched to
victory first against Austria in 1866 and
later against France. The needle gun got
its name from the small needle at the
breech which was driven into the am
munition by the hammer when the trig-
ger was pulled.
1t is stated that this gun was found for
long time to be in effective. first be-
cause of the emission of gas from the
breech following the discharge. and sec
ond because the needles. difficult to re-
place, were subject to rust and other de-
fects. These guns-the French chassepot
was a contemporary of the needle gun
are much longer than the modern Ameri-
can rifle.
Reverting to an older order Of things,
the visitor finds much to interest him
in an old bronze cannon. relic of the
American revolution. which was brought
to this country from France and used in
Lafayette's army. Hearing the wonder
full stories of gunnery today, one Won
ders how long this ancient p'ece would
last in even a close Engagement. 1t is
bronze cannon. The marks of the age of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-09-13

with other chemicals in the water and
soil and the result was nitrate of soda.
At any rate the ntrates have been pre-
served by the dryness of the desert,
which has no moisture to leach them out
OF the soil.
1 wish I could take you out into the
country and show sou how these great
deposits of valuable fertilizer are taken
out of the earth. Where the mining Is
done the land looks as though it had been
plowed up by giants. The earth lies In
mammoth clods of all shapes and sizes.
and beyond are nothing but bleak and
bare sand. There is no sign of vegeta-
ton nos life of any kind. All is sand and
salt rock. The rock is of different colors,
in some places white and in others yell
low, gray, lemon oolored or green. The
nitrate lies in beds or strata at some dis
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-09-13

the rate of 10 pesos per share. and since
then it has sod for th'rty-four times
that amount Some of the sest oH-
cinas have paid for themselves IN three
wears and not few have given STOCK
dividends of 10o and 200 per cent
All of the nitrate fields originally pc
longed to the government, and they have
been sold out at auction to the highest
bidders, the government also taking its
share of the exports through the duty
VIII CHI it charges upon every bag shipped
The receipts have been so great that
they have led to extravagant evpendi-
lures on the part of the officials, and
there are wise men in Chile who claim
that it is paurerizins the country. They
say they would he far better of if they
had had to pay taxes like other coun-
tries instead of having these nitrate
mines that supply from txo-thirds to
four-fifths of their public needs.
FRANK G. CARPENTER.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-09-13

ostentat'on are upon it. There is Latin
inscr ption around the battered breech
and ornamental scrollwork covers it. It
is mounted upon a fragile-looking cais-
son resembling the under structure of
Filipino farm cart as much as anything
else. 1t was. of course. loaded from the
muzzle. How the frail carriage withstood
the shock of the cannons discharge is
a mystery to the uninitiated. This an
Gent piece might have many stories of
its own to tell. Throughout its length it
is Clipped and SCARED by bullets. One
indentation is near the breech.
One is reminded of those children's pis-
tolls that preceded the safe and sane
fourth-the pistols that held long roll
of caps-by one of the ancient devices in
tended for use at short range. 1t has a
revolving, circular metal contraption at
the side which is worked by a spring.
The weapon is wound much after the
fashion of an old stem-winder watch.
Then the trigger is pulled and the am
munition stored in the CIRCULAR metal
contraption Is fired autoT atically. If the
ammunition is discharged simultaneously,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-09-13

of carbine has the appearance Of an old
revolutionary time dueling pistol with a
gun stock attached. Compared with the
The kick must have been terrific.
These guns were supposed to be the COM
binat.on of pistol and musket. The gun
stock could be nserewed, but as pistols
they must have been cumbersome. The
metal barrel was incased in wood When
the gun stock was attached and the weap-
on carried at the shoulder it could be
fired with one hand.
In the collection of pistols one finds
many wonderful ideas. There is an old
Belgian PISTOL, about ten inches long,
which has a wide-mouthed muzzle and
must have spread lead like a shotgun
when 1t was fired. The mechanism Of
the trigger is intricate-a collection of
springs and recoils which evidently rep
resented the makers effort to solve the
problem of the recoil-a problem so SIT
isfactorily settled by the automatic re-
vo'vers which are displayed near this
pistol.
Evidently the old pistol makers were
convinced that the weapon. supply as
shooting device. was insufficient for the
protection of its owner. Hence on many
Of the old ristols one finds short. DAGGER
like havonets attached There are a
nunnher Of small n'stn's that possess this
added Weapon., To the lavman II would
arrear almost frrnossible to handle them
as daeee-s The long curved handle and
the smooth barrel make them awkward
Within short distarca Of these dag
ger-p!sto's one comes acr~ss se-eral srec-
linens of the historic bunderhuss. which
has been rid'c"led. hut which IN its day
was a decidedly daneero"s weapon The
wide bell mouth suggests the opposite
theory of the modern shotgun The
"choke bore realizes greater efficiency
leave the barrel The blunderhuss makers
preferable TO accuracy in shooting Ike
the Japanese and Chinese matnhlocks,
the blunderbuss is highly decorated.
Near the blrnderbuss is one Of the
modern German rifles with the sword
bavonet attached. This represents the
modern hybrid. the weapon whi has
the destructive qualities of both the
sword and the gun. The sword-bayonet
may be used in hand-to-hand conflict
even when detached from the gun.
Through this weapon the visitor may de-
part from guns for the moment and study
that ancient weapon. the sword
There has not been the marked i'm
provement in the sword that one finds
in the gun. Indeed many author ties
declare that the perfect sword disap-
peared when the Damascus and Tols do
blades went into decline. But thou7h
his zone was more restricted, man has
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-09-13
THE SEvEN-BARRELED APEPPER-BOx.n

lection Of Chinese and Japanese match
lock guns. These must have been about
as easy and comfortable to handle as a
hatrack. The stocks of the guns on ex-
hibition are from two to three times as
wide as the stock of the modern rifle.
No curves were put in the butt, so that
1t might be held more steadily against
the shoulder and cheek. The barrels
were thick, cumbersome and further
burdened with heavy wood castings
throughout their length.
But whatever the guns may have
lacked in efficiency they made up In
ostentation. From the exhibits it would
seem that the Chinese, more than any
other oriental type. were devoted to the
The stock of one of the guns shown is
richly carved and ornamented with
paintings and inlaid work. The cock. a
huge iron affair, is painted back after
having been shaped like a dragons
head and neck. The pulling of the trig-
ger causes this head to swerve down.
ward, presenting the Illusion of the
dragon biting the powder pan.
The idea of decoration is further car
ried out in the barrel This is decorated
with inlaid silver worked in many curl
GUS designs. There are additionally. a
number of inscriptions, probably pray
ers for victory and the like. on the
wooden work and near the stock. How
different from the United States service
rifle, an monumental, busfnessiike APP
paratus for killing and nothing e.se.
Man has worked painfully toward his
Ideals in gunmak.ng, but apparently he
has had the fundamentals of present
day efficiency in mind for centuries. At
the entrance to the collection of guns
is an deliberately decorated gun with
of the gun is monstrous-a huge cum
bersome affair that outweighs the barrel
and spoils the balance of the weapon.
This weapon was devised late in the
fifteenth century and represents prtmi-
tive efforts to solve the problem Of the
repeating rife.
The secret of the massive butt becomes
plain when the visitor learns that in it
was magazine carrying ten rounds of
The gun was so arranged
that by winding spring 1t was possible
to fire and have the weapo ready for re-
loading by the pulling of trigger. What
success attended this invention cannot be
accurately learned, but 1t is probable that
no great value was attached to the in
vention. since the muzzle-loading weapon,
firing a single shot at time, was in use
ong after this queer gun had been in
vented.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-09-13

Present Day Guns
Used in European
War Show Wonderful
Changes in Firearms.
Early Experiments
With Gunpow der.
First Guns of Jap
anese and Chinese.
Wonderful Ideas in
Old-F ashioned Pistols.
Few Changes in
Swords.