davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-09-19
MRS. WILSON'S WISH GRANTED
Anti-sIum Bill Is Passed by senate
and House.

wAsHINGroN, Sept ls,---The last wish
~ Mrs, Woodrow Wilson. expressed TO
the President just before she died and
communicated by him 20 Congress leaders,
was carried out to-day when the Senate
adopted the bill passed by the House a
f"w days ago for the "clenp up Of the
alleys OF Washington in the interest OF
public health and for the protection Of
tho poorer classes
The delay was due 20 necessary modin-
cations IN tho form Of the bill as Il was
originally proposed and to reconcile con-
0icting views OF the Senate and House
The bill will now go 10 the President 70,
his sIEnaturc.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-09-19
STATE BANKS ARE BARRED.
House Committee Against UOke
smiths Currency Plan.

WASHINGTON, Sept 1s.--Senstorial pre-
elections for wildcat banking received a
black eye In the House Committee on
Banking and Currency to-day.
BY a vote OF IL to I tho committee
voted 70 report favorahly the bill passed
by the Senate on September authorizing
banks in the Federal reserve system 20
Issue currency against commercial paper
10 the extent OF 10 per cent Of their
unimpaired capita! and surplus, but struck
from the measure section 2. which pro-
vdcd that State banks not members OF
the system should enjoy a similar privi-
lege.
This WAS the measure fathered ny
Senator Hokc Smith of Georgia for tho
benefit OF tho non-member banks In the
cotton states
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-09-19
BERMUDIAN WILL SAIL TO-DAY.
Quebec Line Agents Deny Liner VIII
he Used ns Transport.

The Quebec line steamship Bermud,an.
which has been in service In the summer
hetween this port and Bermuda will sail
this morning for Halifa;. and according
to rumor, VIII go thence with reservlsts
for England.
New portfolios have been cut In her and
tnls gave probability % the rumor that
she was 10 be hsed as "A TRANSPORT hut
the agents Of the line say that she has
no, been taken over ty the British Gov
eminent She has o largo quantity OF
stores for Halifax, and 1t Is likely that
some OF these may he for use at the con-
centrRtion camp therA
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-09-19
MIND MASS FOR MGR. TAYLOR
Late Founder OF Blessed Sacrament
Church to he Uonorpd

\ months mind mass for the repo,c Il
the soul Of the late Right Rev. MGR MAJ.
thew A. Taylor will take place on mex,
Monday at 10 A. VI. in the Roman Catho-
lie Church OF the Blessed Sacramer.
Seventy-first street and broadway. which
Mgr. Taylor founded about thirty years
ago.
The officers OF tho mass will he re
priests associated with mir, as assistants
in the church. Tho celebrant viii be ne
Rev T. L. Gilmartin, acting rector Of N.
church. the deacon will be the Rev. D. Z
Chambers, the sub deacon will be as
Rev. T., $. Baxter and the master Of cere
monies will be Samuel Taylor. Jr.
theological student az 81. Josephs Semi.
nary. Dunwoodie. and nephew Of Mn,
Taylor.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-09-19

WARRINGTON, Sept. is.-Members Of
the Roman Catholic clergy appealed to
the President and to the State Department
to-day on behalf OF about 400 Catholic
priests and nuns who have taken refuge
In Vera Cruz
The refugees are alarmed for their own
safety II they remain in Vera Cruz after
the evacuation OF that port by the United
States forces and want the United States
either TO provide them with transporta-
ton out Of Mexico or guarantee their
safety II they remain.
Acting Secretary OF state Lansing. who
received tho representations. requested
that the statement Of the situation OF the
priests and nuns be presented to the State
Department In writing. This will be done
tomorrow by Father O'Hearn OF the
Catholic University. Bishop Conaty OF
California, former president Of the Catho-
lie University here. and Representative
Kettner OF California with Father
o'Hearn constituted the delegation. which
made verbal representations to the state
Department Chaplain Joyce OF the
Fourth Artillery at Vera Cruz Informed
them Of the situation.
Grievances of the Refugees.
1t Is asserted on behalf of the priests
and nuns that they were driven TO take
refuge under the American flag at Vera
Cruz as a result OF the outrages com
United upon them and the properties OF
their orders during the fighting OF the
last six months. 1t ls charged that
many Of the nuns had been outraged.
In tho light OF this latest appeal II ls
expected that fresh representations will be
made TO the Mexico city @. vernment on
behalf of the Catholic refugees at Vera
Cruz. Il Is not seen here It, " this Gov
eminent can do anything further
Regarding transportation out OF Mexico
II would be simple enough for the United
States TO put the refugee clergy on "A
transport and send them to Galveston, but
II IL pointed out that there is quite a diff
ference between the United States taking
It's own citizens out OF Mexico and taking
Mexicans out of that country.
II is feared mat such action might raise
complications between the Washington
and Mexico city Governments. Further 1t
is doubtful II the funds appropriated by
Congress for bringing Americans out of
Mexico Of for transporting United
States troops could be used to transport
Mexican refugees out of Mexico.
Tho belief prevails. however. that the
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-09-19
$50 GERMANS TAKE z POLICEMEN
EnsIishmrn Defend Post at Nskob
Until Cartridges Give Ont.

CAPE TowN. Via London. Sept. Is
force OF $50 Germans. with three
Maxim guns, occupied the British post
at Nakob yesterday after a fight.
The British garrison at the post com.
prised only seven policemen. These re-
sisted until their ammunition was ex.
hausted. when those who had not been
killed were taken prisoners.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-09-19
PEERS LOSE BROTHERS.
More Notable EnHlishmen in the
List of Killed.

LONDON, Sept. ls,--A casualty HIST ls-
sued tonight contains the names Of Lord
John Hamilton ~ the Irish Guards
brother OF the Duke OF Abercorn. and Hon
e. L. Pelham of the Sussex rcs!ment,
brother of Earl Chichester. anaung the
KILLED, and Hon H. r, Browne OF tho
Coldsream Guards a relative Of the Earl
- Kenmarc, among the wounded.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-09-19
CANAL DEFENDERS REACH COLON
Three Companies of Artillery To Ne
Distributed Among Forts.

CoLoS, Sept. is.--Three companies OF
artillery arrived here to-day on board the
United States army transport Fitzpatrick.
The men will be distributed among the
forts on the Isthmus which constitute the
defences OF the Panama Canal
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-09-19
CARDINALS SAIL FOR AMERICA.
Msrs. Gibbons nnd O'conncu Among
Those Leaving Azores,

PoNrA DELGAnA, Azores, Sept. IS
Cardinals Gibbons and O'Connell sailed
from here for America this morning on
tho Canoplc,
They are among zoo Americans who
We're stranded IN Italy and are on their
'"aI home In charge ~ Capt. Hines. L, $. A.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-09-19
SWISS WANT MONEY BACK.
War Is Costing Them 100000 q
Day and They'll Ask Indemnity.

BERNE. Sept ls,--Switzerland intends
after the war 10 claim an indemnity for
the cost Of her mobilization and the
paralysis OF her industries.
The war IL costing Switzerland, a
neutral country, 100000 a day.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-09-19
U. S. WAR RISK RATES
SET BY THE BUREAU
Port List Indicates Italy and
Turkey Are Expected to
Enter Big Fray.
TIME POLICIES. . PER CENT,
Right Reserved to Refuse or Fix
Special Insurance in Some
Districts.

WAstIfSeToN. Sept. Is.--Director WILL
lam c. Delaney of the Bureau of War
Insurance announced Tonight the rates
on wa risks for cargoes and vessels while
are TO be charged by tho Government for
insurance on commerce between the Uni ell
states and belllgerent and non-belliserent
ports during the European war. Rates are
published subject 10 change without notcs
FOR all ports excep. those on the Dos
norus. Black Sea. Adr!atic Sea, the north
attitudes OF Chrlstlausand and Amsterdam
and the Cattcgat or Baltic Sea and ada
cent waters,
In the case Of vessels and cargoes bound
Cor ports In this district the bureau re
serves the right to fix special insuranc
rates or to decline applications. Interest
,aches TO the Inclusion in this special
list OF ports on the Adriatc Sea and the
Bosporus. a. It IL viewed here as indl-
eating the belief OF the Government that
the entrance OF italy.aud Turkey INTO tn.
war is an imminent possibility.
The rate on cargoes to bclligorent ports
not included IN the special list Is Ia per
cent. and on vessels similarly bound l per
cent Announcement Of the rates to be.
come effective forthwith was made In this
statement from Director Delaney.
From any ports In the United States
10 any ports in the world tother than
those named In the special lisD or vice
versa, as follows:
Cargo freight and advances for voy-
age:
Between Ports OF 4. =.
"First--Between ports OF the United
states, its possessions, or any non-bellig'
crent ports I'm the Western Hemisphere
= per cent
"Second-To acknowledgement ports Other
than above and not north OF Havre In
Europe nor east of Sicily In the Mediter'
ranean, l per cent.
"Third-To all other ports. II. pei
cent.
Vessel. for voyage--By voyage mean
.ug from port OF loading 70 not more thar
NO ports OF discharge.
Between ports OF the United states
is posseSsiors or ANY rh- -hcll'geren'
mort In the Western Hemisphere, u PEI
cent.
ITO other -belligerent ports no
north of Hsvre in Europe or east oi
Sicily In the Mediterranean. q per cent.
Other ports. per cent.
Vessel, for time-Time policies q
ne issued for a per Cd of " "''" ''''' on'v
rate 2 per cent. IL the insured agrees e
a warranty reading: 'Warrented usinG
only non -belllgerent ports in the Westerr
Hemisphere rate ! per cent
The above rates are subject TO change
without notice and effective from dat
hereof.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-09-19
STEUER CASE SET FOR SEPT. "a.
Miss 81. Clair, witness Against Ac-
cused Lawyer, May Appear Then.

AT the hearing yesterday before REF.
cree George @. Holt in tho disbarment
proceedings against Max d Steuer Dr..
Austin Flint reported that he believed that
Miss Edith ST Clair former client OF Mr..
Steuer. who II expected 70 he the chief
witness against him, VIII be able 10 te.-
tify by September %. Or. Flint made
the examination In behalf OF Abraham /.
Erlanger and Marc KlaW. who Instituted
the proceedings.
Miss ST. Clairs afYidsvits retractins her
testimony against Erlanger were intro
duced In evidence. The hearing was sd-
tourned 10 September "a
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-09-19

WAsHINGroS, Sept ls.--The Federal
Reserve Hoard authorized to-day the
National city Bank OF New York to
establish branch banks at Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil, and Buenos Ayres. Argentina.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-09-19
Customs Toll sooa,oIo Yesterday.

The total receipts from duties paid yes
toriuy AT the Custom House were $500
Olq9s Of which s27S.73016 were for re-
cent importations and S22i.2Sol2 for
Withdrawals Of merchandise from bonded
warehouses.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-09-19
RELIGIOUS NOTICES.
THE BRICK CHURCH

v,,,,,.. / William p,.,.os d.
NJ. ! Frank Latimer Jareway
,hkN' ROBERT u. SPEER n D. Secy
nr me Hoard % Foreign Missions % N,
a. r,renyterian Church, will preach at the
NOON SERVICE EVERY WEEKDAY 's
cept Saturday i2i3O-le:50
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-09-19
RED CROSS BALL NETS $4,000.
sleepy Hollow Doll sale Add. s275
20 the Fund.

WAsIflSGToS. Sept. is--Red Cross
headquarters announced to-day the receipt
or check for $4,000 from Ernesto q
Fabbri the proceeds of~a benefit ball at
Bar lIarbor. Me Mrs. John shelton
Williams sent "A check for s48S. the pro-
ceeds OF a lawn fete at Blue Ridge
Summit. Va. Tho Sleepy Hollow Country
Club OF New York sent s275 raised by the
sale OF doll
The national headquarters for Spanish
War Veterans contributed 500
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-09-19
Mexican Priests and Mans
Beg for American Aid
Catholic Refugees at Vera Cruz Fear That They VIII SUI
fer if They Remain After the
Evacuation.


evacuation of Vera Cruz will be suffl-
ciently delayed 10 permit the refugees who
fear coming under control OF the Consti-
tutionalists to find means Of getting away.
Gen. Funston IL in favor of the evacuation
taking place not earlier than october 10.
Gen. Bliss. commanding the border
forces. IS arranging for the return TO
Mexico OF the 5000 Mex'rans who have
been interned at Fort wingate. N. NJ.
and Fort Rosecrans Cal. All but the
officers will be released promptly. The
officers will be detained temporarily.
The President received to-day from
Gen. villa a message thanking him for
his action In ordering the evacuation OF
Vera Cruz. 1t was noted that Villa signed
himself General In Chief Of the Division
OF the North" which is the first indica-
ton that he has accepted the promotion
recently conferred by Carranza. His mes
sage was as follows:
7 have received with supreme pleas
ure and great satisfaction the In
formation that the American forces
now stationed at Vera Cruz Will
shortly leave that port. and l am i'm
PEELED TO present to you. In my name
and that OF the Mexican people. our
most cordial congratulations for this
action. which. as have all those die
tated by the American Government.
OF which you are the distinguished
head. respecting al matters con-
nected with our country, so faith
fully has interpreted the sentiments
and aspirations of the patriotic Mex
lean people, and | respectfully salute
you as the General In Chief OF tho
Division OF the North.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-09-19
wilson's Action Com m-nd-d.

The State Department has received re-
ports from Northern Mexico to the effect
IN the news OF the forthcoming evacu-
alton of Vera Cruz has been most enthusi-
astioally received by Mexicans OF all
classes.
a report from FL Paso says that tho
Presidents order will have a beneficial!
effect on the solution OF problems in Mex
leo. ard that no Ame~'ca- has over been
praised as President Wilson is now by TN,
Mex cans.
The Constitutonalist agency here an
nounced tonight that Carranza had re-
ceived message from Hapata requesting
that an armlstce be declared until the
C. Inclusion OF the deliberations OF the con-
yention to be held In Mexico city early
in October, This request came in re-
Spouse to Carranza's invitation to Zapata
to attend the convention.
The agency here ccnstrues Zspata's re-
quest TO mean that the rvbel leader In
tends to be present at the meeting. and
that he will support the new Government
II plan for land law reform Is adopted.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-09-19

While playing on the roof last evening
four-year-old Philip Biloci OF ~ Roose-
welt street fell four stories and was killed
instantly.
The Daily Missoulian., 1914-12-10
|. A. BARRE IF
CALLE Ed I 0
HIS FATHERS
Trailblazer Was Discoverer
of Gold on Cedar Greek.
Dies in Missoula

One more of the pioneers. who
helped to make this Wilderness a
state, passed to his rest yesterday
afternoon at o'clock. Louis A. Bar
rette was brought in from French
town about 10 days ago and taken to
ST. Patricks hospital suffering with
pneumonia, which caused his death
yesterday.
Louis Barrette was born so years
ago next January in st. Remi. Que
bee. He went to California in 1853
at the age of IS years. In 1868 he
came to Montana and began mining
on Moose creek.
One year later, with a partner, Joe
Lantier, he discovered placer gold on
Cedar creek, and two years after that
they discovered gold on Nine Mile
creek. The Cedar Creek mine has
yielded during the last as years be-
tween $5,000,00O and s6,oOO,OOO. Since
1884, Mr.. Barrette has been in part
nership with George Comford, who
died a year ago. with Alphonse La
Casse, j. T. LaCasse and Damasse
Asslain, developing the Cedar Creek
mine.
He has kept keen interest in the
mine, having spent part of last sum-
mer at the property.
Mr.. Rarrette is survived by a wife
and by six step children, Mrs. Alex
ander of Tacoma, Mrs. Dussault of
Butte, Mrs. Ralph Scheffer of Huson,
the Misses Flora and Blanche Hamel
of FrenchtoWn and Edmond Hamel of
Missoula; also by three sisters, Mrs.
II. X. Bisson of FrenchtoWn, Mrs. Ter
riault Of Montreal and Mrs. Gauthier
of ST. Remi.
The funeral will be Saturday in the
Catholic church at FrenchtoWn.
The Daily Missoulian., 1914-12-10
FORESTER MASON
HOME FROM TOUR

Assistant District Forester ID. r.
Mason returned yesterday from a trip
of 10 days. visiting district forest Of
fices at Ogden, Utah; San Francisco,
Cal, and Portland, Ore. Mr.. Mason
is in charge in this district of the CO.
operative study of constructive meth
DDS IN the lumber industry, which is
being made by the government with
view of learning how best the gov
ernment may improve conditions in
the lumber industry He conferred
with other men in the offices he Wis
tied in regard to their methods of
handling the Investigations.
Mr.. Mason says that with all the i'm
portant conferences and official busi-
ness, he slipped in q brief visit to the
exposition grounds at San Francisco
and. found them most attractive and
Interesting. promising a wonderful ex-
position. Mr.. Mason also noted the
contrast between the lovely roses he
saw blooming out of doors in Cali
fornia and Portland, and the snow that
lowered the ground at home. --@...
The Daily Missoulian., 1914-12-10
RELIEF FUND IS
NOW READY FOR
SHIPMENT

Judge Bickford stated yesterday that
the Belgian relief fund will be ready
to forward today, if directions are re-
ceived for making the shipment. Since
the last report Judge Bickford has, re-
ceived from DeVeber & Herbert, Mt
Florence, $10.50; from the Congrega-
tional Sunday school at Dixon, $500,
and from C. d. Grere, at Martina, IS.
The interest and liberality of outside
towns is noted by Judge Bickford as
commendable and an object lesson to
Missoula.
The Daily Missoulian., 1914-12-10
FOREST RANGERS SEND IN
THEIR REPORTS ON
SLAUGHTER

Supervisor Elers Koch of the Lolo
forest has the report of the game
killed in the districts under his i1lris-
dlction this season. According to rec
ords Kept by rangeSs, there were IS
deer slain in the Taft district, 80 deer
and four bear in the Haugan district;
so deer in the Superior district: 11o
deer and eight bear in the Quartz dis
trlct; 55 deer in the FrenchtoWn dis
trict; n deer and three bear in the
Lolo creek district No report has
come in from st. Regis
Supervisor Rutledge Parker of the
Mlssoula forest states that about 100
deer and two mountain sheep have
peen reported from the country about
the Rock creek watershed and up the
Blackfoot, the Clearwater and Alice
creek.
Supervisor Wilfred w. White of the
Bitter Root forest has an estimate of
more than 100 deer, 25 mountain goats
and two mountain sheep killed this
season in the Bitter Root forest.
The Daily Missoulian., 1914-12-10
LARGE IS INCREASE
|NATTENDANCE At
BIRD SHOW
THREE TIMES AS MANY PEOPLE
SEE EXHIBIT AS ON OPEN
ING DAY-SoME AWARDS

The receipts of the Western Mon
tana Poultry show last evening showed
an increase Of 300 per cent over those
of the first day of the exhibit. The
crowd which viewed the chickens,
turkeys and ducks yesterday was real
ly large one and the members of the
poultry association last night ex-
pressed thmeslves as pleased with the
number of visitors entertained.
The gamecock fight last evening was
witnessed by several members of the
Missoula Humane society. Louis Ken
nedy, prominent in the Western Mon
tana Poultry association, delivered a
short speech before the fight was
staged He addressed himself partic-
ularly to the women present and asked
that anyone who thought the game
cock fight was brutal affair report to
the superintendent of the show and
this attraction would be cut off of the
list of amusements. After the birds
had battled for six rounds and neither
fighter was tired or injured in any
way, the members of the humane So
feeling that such an attraction was all
right. The gamecocks staged two bat
ties last evening. In both there was
much amusement for the crowd and
apparently the birds enjoyed the ex-
ercise,
Tonight the gamecock fights will be
staged at $50 and $50 A Growing
contest will be put on this evening as
a special attraction.
The poultry exhibit is being judged
by Judge Miller Pervis of Lewistown
as fast as possible. Several awards
were made yesterday.
Prize Winners.
The prize winners in the Barred
Plymouth Rock division were as fol-
lows: Cock, first, Henry Tripp; sec
ond and third, A. Fl. Kennedy; hens,
first, second, third and fourth, Henry
Tripp; fifth, C. S. Norton; cockrels,
first and second, Henry Trip; third, C.
S. Norton; pullets first second. third
and fourth, c. s. Norton; fifth, Henry
Tripp; for best pens, first and second,
Henry Trip: third, G. s. Norton,
The awards in the single comb Rhode
Island Reds were: Cocks, first C. T..
Lucas, second, DIR. Mccall; hens, first.
DR.. Mccall; second, third, fourth and
fifth, C. Z. Lucas; cockrels, first, Sec
ond and fourth, DIR. Mccall; third,
Martin Burke; fourth, G. e. Lucas;
pullets, first. third and fifth, DIR. Nc
Call; second and fourth, c. e. Lucas;
hens, first and third, DR. Mccall; Sec
ond, c. e. Lucas.
The scoring of the birds will prob
ably be completed tomorrow after
noon and the award of the ribbons will
be made then.
The Daily Missoulian., 1914-12-10
CARD PARTY.

The Woodmen of the World will
give their second card party Friday
evening at Masonic temple, s: 80 sharp.
ADV. COMMITTEE.
The Daily Missoulian., 1914-12-10
SKATERS OF CITY WILL
MEET At COLLEGE
FRIDAY EVE

meeting is called of all persons in
Mlssoula who are interested in skat-
ing, exclusive of very young people, to
be held Friday evening at 8 o'clock
at the Missoula Business and Normal
college. Ladies as well as gentlemen,
residents Of the north side, as we'll as
the south side, and especially faculty
members and students from the uni
versity, are asked to assemble at this
time to talk over ways and means of
assuring opportunities for skating this
winter in Missoula. Suggestions are
solicited by those who are deeply in
terested and are trying to bring their
interest to practical results.
The Daily Missoulian., 1914-12-10

OF 100000 sheep annually grazed
in the state of Utah, more than 1,000,-
600 are on the national forests.
The Daily Missoulian., 1914-12-10
VARSITY STUDENTS
TREAD BOARDS
TONIGHT
1.-THE SILVER BOX" WILL BE PRE-.
sENTED HY DRAMATIC CLUB
MRS. MACLEOD DIRECTOR

The university students will present
"The Silver Box at the university to-
night at 5 o'clock.
This is one of Gladsworth's best
plays and deserves the attention of
every person in Missoula.
The plot of the play gives an in
sight into justice as it is 1neted out
and as it should be. The scene is laid
in England. Jack Barthwick, son of
a wealthy liberalist, is set free for
stealing a purse, while a poorer man,
who stole the purse from him. is given
a sentence.
The play is being staged by the
Dramatic club, under the direction of
Mrs. Macleod, who has worked hard
for the past six weeks to make it a
success.
The cast was chosen by tryouts
thereby assuring the best talent in
school.
The proceeds of the play will go to
the football fund
"The last dress rehearsal, held last
night, was far better than expected, "
said Mrs. Macleod, and we will be
able to stage a production that will
meet the most critical demands
The Cast.
Mr.. Barthwick Archie Hall
Mrs. BarthWick.. Virginia Dixon
Jack, their son........ Percy Stone
Wheeler, maid serVant.......................
Kathryn Southerlin
NARROW, man servant Dick Howell
Roper, solicitor. Leroy Lebkichel
Snow a detective. Verne Robinson
Mrs. Jones, chorWoman.. ..................
Edelyn Stevenson
Jones, her husband Bernard Robinson
The Unknown, a stranger within the
gates - Antoinette Simon
The Magistrate - Christian Bentz
The Clerk Royal Mcdonald
The Constable. Archie Drew