davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Caldwell watchman. (Columbia, La.) 1885-1946, 1914-08-08
ITALY PREPARED
FOR EMERGENCY
HOPES TO MAINTAIN PRESENT
POLICY OF NEUTRALITY IN
EXISTING CRISIS.

Western Newspaper Union News Service.
ROme.-The Italian government is
prepared to meet any eventuality.
About 100000 soldiers are under arms.
including those who can be withdrawn
from the Tripoli and other Ilaces.
Just before the Austro-SerVian out
break 100000 reservists had been call
ed to the colors.
All the Notifications along the east
ern frontier have been put into state
of war, while the various squadrons Of
the fleet have assembled at their ma
val stations.
The German ambassador to Italy
Saturday asked to be informed as to
Italy's attitude in the event of war be-
tween Germany and Austro-Hungary
on the one side and Russia and France
on the other.
The Marquis di San Giuliano, the
Italian foreign minister, said he would
reserve his reply until he had con-
suited Premier Salandra.
According to the Messagero during
the interview which followed between
the Marquis de San Giuliano and Pre-
mier Salandra, the two Italian states
men were in complete agreement as to
the line Of conduct to be pursued by
Italy in the present crisis.
The Messagero declares that it is
not a question Of defensive war on
the part of Germany and Austro-Hun-
gary, the other two members of the
triple alliance, and Italy has decided to
confine herself to pointing out to her
allies that her treaty obligations with
them do not oblige her to take up arms
in the present crisis and that she will
remain neutral. The newspaper adds
that it is not certain this neutrality
will last until the end Of the war, but
Italy will stand aloof from hostiltes
as long as she is convinced that her
interests are not being infringed.
A strict censorship has been estab-
lished in Italy over dispatches to
places abroad.
The Caldwell watchman. (Columbia, La.) 1885-1946, 1914-08-08

London.-Events in the European
crisis developed Saturday with start
ling rapidity. The German ultimatum
to Russia, demanding that Russia
cease the mobilization of her army,
expired at noon, and at Sis p. m. the
German emperor signed a mobilization
order.
At 1880 o'clock the German ambas-
sador at st. Petersburg, Count Won
Pourtales. delivered declaration of
war In the name of his government to
the Russian government and the en-.
tire staff of the embassy Immediately
left est. Petersburg.
Although after the warlike speeches
delivered by the German emperor and
the imperial chancellor at Berlin on
Friday, no other result could be ex-
pected, hopes that the dread event
might be averted had been raised by
The Intervention of King George in
st. Petersburg and the fact that the
German Reichstag was not to be con-
vened until Tuesday. Hence, the actual
declaration Of war had not been ex-
pected for another day of two.
Now the die is cast and Europe is to
be plunged into general war which
has been the apprehension of Euro
pean statesmen for generations. 1t
now is only question of how soon
a state of actual war will exist be-
tween Germany and France.
Late Saturday night placards were
The Caldwell watchman. (Columbia, La.) 1885-1946, 1914-08-08
GERMAN TROOPS
IN LUXEMBOURG
TWO GERMAN DETACHMENTS
ARE MOVING TOWARD THE
FRENCH CAPITAL.

London.-German forces began the
invasion of France without so much as
a declaration of war having been
made. Two German detachments
entered French territory, moving in
the direction of Paris.
One German force crossed the
French frontier near the village of
Grey, between Nancy at Strassburg,
and another German detachment, pro-
badly the Twenty-ninth Infantry, in.
vaded the Grand Duchy Of Luxembourg,
neutral territory between Belgium and
Germany, and continued its march on
the French fortified town of Longwy.
A despatch from Brussels said there
was good reason to believe that this
force later in the day entered France.
The German force, which came into
France near Grey, which is 40 miles
from Nancy, is reported to have been
repulsed with heavy losses.
Apparently the German army is du-
plicating the first movement of the
Franco-P russian war. It was on Au.
gust 2, 1910, just A years ago, that
the French and Germans clashed in
the first battle of that war at Saar-
brucken. where the Prince Imperial,
under the orders Of the Emperor, re-
ceived his famous Baptism of Fire"
It would appear that Germany is
taking the fullest possible advantage
of her supposed superiority in rapid
mobilization over France.
The plan Of the German emperor, &C.
cording to military observers here, is
to vanquish or attempt to vanquish
France in the interval before Russia
can create serious trouble on her
northern frontier. 1t is supposed Rus
sian mobilization will take about three
weeks.
The Caldwell watchman. (Columbia, La.) 1885-1946, 1914-08-08
ATLANTIC TRAFFIC
IS DEM0RAL|ZED
ALL STEAMSHIP
LINES CANCEL SAIllNGs tn
AND FROM EUROPE.
Western Newspaper Union News Service

| Western Newspaper Union News Service
New York.-Wholesale cancellations
of transatlantic sailings, recalls nv
wireless Of European-bound vessels a
day or two ont of port and suspension
| altogether of transatlantic SERVICE hy
three lines were announced in rand
succession here Saturday.
The Russian-American Line an.
nounced suspension of its transatlantic
service
Sailings of the seven vessels com.
prislng the Atlas service of the Ham.
burg-American Line between New
York. the West Indies and Panama
have all been cancelled.
The transatlantic service between
New York and continental Europe was
suspended Saturday by the Cupard
Line and the International Mercantile
Marine Company, which controls the
White Star, Red Star, American Lev.
land, Dominion and Atlantic Trans.
port Lines. Sailings for British ports
via these lines was not interrupted
Suspension of the service was upon
orders received from the home Offices
of the Cunard Line and the Interna.
tional Mercantile Marine in England.
Hundreds of persons had engaged pas.
sage via these lines for Mediterranean
and Scandinavian ports, and to these
the companies announced the passage
money would be refunded.
Never before in the history of the
port has transatlantic service been 50
impaired. AS a neutral port, New
York, 1t was believed Saturday, soon
would lead the world in the conges.
ton OF great liners rendered inactive
by the European war situation.
Official notice was received at the
Austro-Hungarian consulate here Sat.
urday that the reserves had been call.
ed for general mobilization. Two
hundred thousand Austrians and Hun.
sarians, it was said at the consulate,
would therefore Immediately be called
upon to return home from this coun.
try and join the colors.
How to get the 100000 men back to
Austria-Hungary was a problem of.
ficia's at the consulate were trying
to solve.
The Caldwell watchman. (Columbia, La.) 1885-1946, 1914-08-08
Germany Did Not Act Hastily.

London.-The Westminster Gazette
published the text of an interesting
telegram of the German imperial
chancellor to the German ambassador
at Vienna, sent after the receipt of a
message from st. Petersburg, saying
Austria-Hungary had declined RNssia's
request to enter into direct negotia-
tons. The message, dated July 30,
says:
THE report Of Count Won Pourtales,
the German ambassador at ST. Peters
burg, does not harmonic with the &C
count your excellency has given of the
attitude Of the Austro-Hungarian gov
eminent. Apparently there is a mis-
understanding which beg you to
clear up.
I'VE cannot expect Austria-Huugary
to negotiate with Servia with whom
she is in state of war. The refusal,
however, to exchange views with St.
Petersburg would be grave mistake.
1--WE are indeed ready to fulfill our
duty as ally. We must, however, re-
fuse TO be drawn into a world confla-
grafton, owing to Austria-Hungary not
respecting our advice. Your excel
lency will express this to Count Won
Berchtold, Austro-Hungarian foreign
minister, with all emphasis and great
seriousness.
won Bethmann-Hollweg."
In reply to this communication
Count Won Berchtold told the German
ambassador that there was in fact a
misunderstanding and that the Austro-
Hungarian ambassador at st. Peters.
burg had been instructed already to
begin negotiations with Sergius Seen
off, the Russian foreign minister.
A statement given by the German
foreign office to the correspondent con-
cludes:
These negotiations, as well as the
intermediary action of the German
government, were ended by the mobi.
lization of all arms in Russia on sea
and land"
The Caldwell watchman. (Columbia, La.) 1885-1946, 1914-08-08
FRONTIERS VIOLATED
BY CONTFNDINC ARMIES
AUSTRlA'S MOVE AGAINST SER
VIA FOLLOWED BY GERMAN
RUSSIAN DECLARATION.
FRANCE HAS BEEN DRAWN IN
German Emperor Maintained to the
Last That He had Made Supreme
Effort to Preserve Peace.
Western Newspaper Union News Service.

Western Newspaper Union News Service.
Four great powers Of EurOpe-Aus-
tria'Hungary, Russia, France and Ger
manyr-are engaged in actual war.
Germany and France have not open
1y declared war and have not even
severed diplomatic relations. The Ger
man ultimatum 10 France either has
been ignored or rejected. The ex-
PLANTATION of this would appear to be
that Germany and France are each
seeking to throw upon the other the
onus Of beginning war that may
plunge all Europe into bloodshed. In
fact, while the nations of Europe are
flying at each others throats, they
are Vieing with each other in pro-
testing their desire to maintain peace
In this serious situation, France
was the last to mobilize and took the
greatest precautions to avoid frontier
collisions.
On the other hand Germany, in &C.
cordance with invading French terri
tory, without making a formal de-
claration of war; has violated the neu.
trality of Luxembourg and declines to
give any promise to respect Belgian
neutrality.
1t is difficult to see how Great Bri-
tain can avoid being drawn into the
conflict to protect Belgian and Dutch
neutrality.
Short Of actual formal mobilization
the British government is taking all
necessary steps to meet a situation
unprecedented in the nations history.
Iron-clad censorship continues In all
European capitals. All news of mill
tary movements is carefully guarded.
Even in London a strict censorship is
being enforced.
News of the progress of hostilities
is vague and conflicting. owing to
the severe censorship everywhere. 1t
is alleged that the Germans poured
into Luxembourg 100000 men, who will
concentrate on the French frontier.
Actual German invasions of France
occurred at Nancy and Longwy, while
a battle is reported to have taken
place at Nancy.
Servia, the original cause of the up.
heaval, seems to have been almost lost
sight of. The Austrians, according to
reports from Nish, virtually have
order to meet the greater danger in
Russia.
Montenegro has modified to assist
Servia and is reported to be lombard
ing Cattaro, In Dalmatia.
The Caldwell watchman. (Columbia, La.) 1885-1946, 1914-08-08
Who has modified her troops to be
prepared to protect her territory.

prepared to protect her territory.
the frontier at Schwinden was accom-
panied by artillery. Two squadrons of
Russian cossacks are riding in direc-
ton of johannesburg, Is miles from
the frontier. The Russian patrol which
entered near Eichenreid attacked the
German guard at the railroad bridge
over the Warthe. The attack was re-
pulsed. Two Germans were slightly
wounded.
A telegram from Koenigsburg says
a Russian patrol has advanced to Bid
erweitschen, near Eydtkunnen on the
Russian border.
The above information was given out
by the imperial staff. The staff at
the same time said that the invasion
near Schwinden showed that war had
actually begun.
An official statement SAYS: "In con-
sequence of a Russian attack on Ger
man territory. Germany is in a state
of war with Russia. The French reply
to the German representations is of an
unsatisfactory character"
Another statement declares Russia
has invaded Germany during 4 time
Of peace "in fragrant contradiction of
Russia's peaceful assurances"
The Caldwell watchman. (Columbia, La.) 1885-1946, 1914-08-08

posted in Paris calling for general
mobilization, and the German ambas-
sador, although he had not been hand
ed his passports, was preparing 10
leave the French capital.
1t is not known at exactly what hour
Germans ultimatum 10 France, asking
that country to define what attltude
she would assume in case of war by
Germany and Austria against Russia,
was to expire, but it is believed 1t
will not be long before diplomatic rela-
tions will be ruptured or war declared.
The German emperor and his ad'
visers have maintained to the last that
they made supreme efforts for peace,
and that the last of the series of ap-
peals from Emperor William to EN-
peror Nihcolas was a telegram repu-
dating responsibility for the calamity
threatening the world on the ground
that while Germany was mediating
with Austria-Hungary at Rnsslas re-
quest, Russia, by her general moblllza-
ton, was threatening Germanys
safety.
The first shots in the RussO-German
war were exchanged between patrols
Saturday near Prostken, 1870 miles
southeast of Konigsberg.
The only redeeming feature OF the
darkest prospect with which Europe
has been faced for half a century Is
that Italy has declared her neutrality.
How long that neutrality can be main
tanned is an exceedingly debatable
question.
Great Britain's position already has
been defined by Premier Asquith in
the British Parliament. He declared
she is under no formal obligation to go
to the assistance of France in the
event of an European war. The Brit
ish government has made full pre-
parations in. both services for any
event.
The present position, therefore, is
that Russia, France and Servia are ar
rayed on one side against Austria
Hungary and Germany on the other.
How long the war fare will be confined
to this plane it is impossible to fore
tell. nor can it be foretold whether
Belgium and Holland will be able to
maintain their neutrality against their
powerful neighbors, or whether Great
Britain will find herself compelled to
send an expeditionaray force to at
tempt to preserve that neutrality
Another factor which has not been
given much consideration is the atti
tude of Turkey, which, if she has suf.
recovered from the effects of
her late war with Italy, may be able
to throw considerable weight into the
scale. 1t is generally understood that
Germany has an effective understand
ing with Turkey which may lead to in
teresting developments.
The Caldwell watchman. (Columbia, La.) 1885-1946, 1914-08-08
Attitude of Labor Leader.

Philadelphia. labor stands unal.
terably opposed to a European armed
conflict, no matter what material bene.
fits it may bring to this country" said
Samuel Gompers, president of the
American Federation of Labor.
He was vehement in his denuncia.
tons of the threatening attitude OF
the powers. The whole trouble in
Europe is that the. rulers are now try
ing to divert the peoples attention
from the real social and labor prob
lens of the day." he continued.
The Caldwell watchman. (Columbia, La.) 1885-1946, 1914-08-08
Austria Abandons Servia.

Nish. Servia.-Austria appears for
the present to have abandoned her ag.
gressive campaign against Servia, in
order to prepare for possible Russian
attack. The bulk of the Austrian
troops who were concentrated az Sem.
lin have been removed to an unknown
destination. The few troops remain.
ing conduct a desultory bombardment
of Belgrade.
The Caldwell watchman. (Columbia, La.) 1885-1946, 1914-08-08
Kaiser Went Limit for Peace.

Berlin.-The North German Gazette,
the official organ of the government,
says that after the Russian emperor
had given the order for the mobiliza-
ton Of the entire Russian army and
fleet Emperor William sent a final
telegram to Emperor Nicholas, in
which he made it clear that his res
possibility for the security of the Ger.
man empire compelled him to adopt
defensive measures.
The German emperor contended tina.
he had gone to the utmost limits l..
The Caldwell watchman. (Columbia, La.) 1885-1946, 1914-08-08
Tried to Cut Russian Cable.

Copenhagen.--German torpedo boat
destroyers operating outside the Dan
ish sea territory made an unsnccess.
full attempt Saturday to cut cable COM
munication to Russia by way of Roed.
wig, Denmark. The Fehmarn belt is
crowded with German dreadnoughts
and other big warships, accompanied
by transports. Several Russian yes
sells have been observed in that Vi
entity. Nearly all steamship lires be-
tween Germany and Denmark have
stopped their boats.
The Caldwell watchman. (Columbia, La.) 1885-1946, 1914-08-08

his efforts to preserve the worlds
peace, and that the responsibility for
the calamity threatening the world did
not rest on him. He declared that
he had always been faithful to his
friendship for the Russian emperor
Ind the Russian people, and that the
peace of Europe could Still be main
tanned if Russia would cease to
threaten Germany and Austria-Hun-
gary.
The Caldwell watchman. (Columbia, La.) 1885-1946, 1914-08-08
Effect on Wheat Market,

Chicago.-News that Germany had
declared war on Russia was received
with eager interest by leaders on the
Chicago Board of Trade, but it caused
no excitement. 1t was the unanimou
opinion that the consequences, so far
as the wheat market was concerned
had been to a great extent discounted
The Caldwell watchman. (Columbia, La.) 1885-1946, 1914-08-08
May Issue Emergency Currency.

New York.-Extraordinary action is
being taken by the leading financial
interests Of America to avert financial
unsettlement in this country as a re.
suit of the European war. Relief
measures are under way which bank
ers believe will preserve the public
confidence. Emergency currency
probably will be put into circulation
this week. This currency is provided
for by the Northumberland act passed
after the 1907 panic.
The Caldwell watchman. (Columbia, La.) 1885-1946, 1914-08-08
RUSSIA INVADES GERMANY
BEGINNING ACTUAL WAR

Berlin.-Russia has begun the in.
vasion of German territory, Russian
forces having crossed the German
frontier at Schwinden, southeast of
of Bialla, while Russian patrol en-.
tered Germany near Eichenreid, in
Pozen.
The Russian column which crossed
The Caldwell watchman. (Columbia, La.) 1885-1946, 1914-08-08
Delcasse Minister of War.

Paris.-Premier Viviani has made
changes in the French cabinet, where
by Theophile Delcasse becomes minis.
ter Of war, and Eugene Georges Gle
menceau, the former premier, joins
the ministry.
The Caldwell watchman. (Columbia, La.) 1885-1946, 1914-08-08

Americans who are forced BY war
developments to forego continental
tours and leave foreign places. Eng
land affords their only chance OF
reaching home. Inability to obtain
money because express and bank
checks cannot be converted into cur
rency except at the highest discount
rates, is another incentive to leave
Europe. Some earlT arrivals from
Paris obtained herttn on steamers
sailing for American ports, hu. the
majority swelled crowds already fill
ing the hotels.
The Caldwell watchman. (Columbia, La.) 1885-1946, 1914-08-08
Montenegro Mobiiizinu.

Cottinje.-King Nicholas has signed
decree for the mobilization to the
Montenegrin army.
1t is said that Montenegro has a Sc
cret military agreement with Servia.
The Caldwell watchman. (Columbia, La.) 1885-1946, 1914-08-08
Turkey May Take a Hand

Swamp Scott, Mass.-A. Rustem
Bey, the Turkish ambassador, who Is
on his vacation here, said he believed
Turkey would soon become involved
in war with Servia,
The Caldwell watchman. (Columbia, La.) 1885-1946, 1914-08-08

Ask Aid in Returning Home.
New York.-Cablegrams from Ameri.
cans abroad suggest action by the,
American government to assist them
in returning home.
The Caldwell watchman. (Columbia, La.) 1885-1946, 1914-08-08
To Take CHARGE Of Embassies.

To Take Charge OF Embassies.
Manchester, Mass.--Dr. Constantin
Theodore Dumba sent telegram to
Washington requesting the State De-
partment to take charge of his coun-
try's embassies in Russia, France and
Montenegro in cases of severance Of
relations with those countries.
The Caldwell watchman. (Columbia, La.) 1885-1946, 1914-08-08

Milan, Italy.-Socialist, Republicans
and anarchists of Italy are conductive
a campaign to prevent even military
preparations in Italy.
The Caldwell watchman. (Columbia, La.) 1885-1946, 1914-08-08
eader of the Russian Arnov

Leader Of the Russian Army.
st. Petersburg.-Grand Duke Nicho-
las Nicholaievitch has been appoint
ed commander-in-chief of the Russian
army. 1t once was reported that the
emperor would take command
The Caldwell watchman. (Columbia, La.) 1885-1946, 1914-08-08
May POSTPONE Yacht Race

London.-Sir Thomas Upton Is se
riously considering whether if Great
Britain is involved in the European
war he will race his yacht, shamroc
w., for the Americas cup this wear
The Caldwell watchman. (Columbia, La.) 1885-1946, 1914-08-08
Will Not Effect the EXPOSITION.

San Francisco.-Charles G. Moore.
president of the Panama Pacific ex-.
position, issued statement declaring
that European war will rot seriously
affect exhibits at the exposition.
The Caldwell watchman. (Columbia, La.) 1885-1946, 1914-08-08
st. PETERSBURG Enthusiastic

St. Petersburg.-Germany's declara-
ton of war against Russia has pro-
voked in the Russian capital a won
derful demonstration of patriotic en-
thusiasm.
The Caldwell watchman. (Columbia, La.) 1885-1946, 1914-08-08
3 TWENTY-FIVE Were Killed

London.-A dispatch from Paris SAYS
that two officers and 20 men of a Ger.
man patrol were killed at Longwy
and that the German attack was re-
PEELED.
The Caldwell watchman. (Columbia, La.) 1885-1946, 1914-08-08
Germans Mobiiizinu in China

SeTrndnS mopliizln9 IN China.
Shanghai. - German reserves In
China are proceeding with all haste
to Tsing-Tau, the fortified port in the
German territory of Kiao-Chau.
The Caldwell watchman. (Columbia, La.) 1885-1946, 1914-08-08
Germany's UItimatum to BELGIUM

VE'HaI'J OIt'IHdCUTH 10 BeTgIUF1,
London.-Germany has sent an ulti.
matum to Belgium in which she offers
an entente provided Belgium faciH.
tates the movements of German
troops.
The Caldwell watchman. (Columbia, La.) 1885-1946, 1914-08-08
Russia in the Far East,

Hardin, Russia.-A telegram re-
ceived here from st. Petersburg an
nounces the mobilization of the Rus.
sian forces in the Far East.
The Caldwell watchman. (Columbia, La.) 1885-1946, 1914-08-08

Norway Declares Neutrality.
Christiana, Norway.-A government
decree issued Saturday declares the
complete neutrality of Norway.
The Caldwell watchman. (Columbia, La.) 1885-1946, 1914-08-08
Sweden Keeps Hands of.

Stockholm:-The Swedish govern.
ment issued an official notification of
its strict neutrality in the European
conflict.
The Caldwell watchman. (Columbia, La.) 1885-1946, 1914-08-08

Moscow Votes a War Fund.
Moscow.-The Municipal Council
Saturday voted million rubles
(about s500,000) for the Red Cross
service Of Russia and friendly powers.
The Caldwell watchman. (Columbia, La.) 1885-1946, 1914-08-08

To Bring Fishing Fleet Home.
Hull, Eng.-Steamers have been sent
out to bring the British fishing fleet
home from the North sea.
The Caldwell watchman. (Columbia, La.) 1885-1946, 1914-08-08

Aliens Flocking Into London.
London. london is filling up VII.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1914-10-07
GEN. CHA0 HAS
ALIGNED WITH
GEN. CARRANZA

General Manuel Chao. who some months
ago was depoScd a. military governor 81
the State of Chihuahua hy General Villa.
has aligned himself with General Venus
tiano Carranza m the present crisis. ac-
coriing To- unofficial a6viees received
Thursday hy Mexican Consul J. y. Cara
of Brownsville This became known when
General Chao was reported 10 have beer
ordered "a Parral by General Villa to -uh
due General Herrera. However. he re-
fused Ia carry out the order unless II wa
made hy Carranza. according 70 the
port. Chao has 4 large following.