davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times., 1914-08-16

Washington as part OF their last
weeks stay at the camp. Scouts who
enroll first during the concluding
week of the encampment. will be
given the first opportunity for this
trip, should there be more boys than
the scouts boat can accommodate.
Deming graphic. (Deming, N.M.) 1903-1948, 1914-10-02
WoNAN's CLUBS MEET IN
SILVER CITY TINS MONTH

The fourth annual meeting of the
New Mexico Federation of Woman's
Clubs will be held in Silver City, De-
tober Is, II. Is, and 10. for the
transaction of the regular business
Of the Federation and the biennial
election of officers. a most inter-
esting program has been arranged by
the local president, Mrs. j. X. XIII
yon. A special effort will be made by
the Silver City Woman's Club to have
Mrs. Percy V. Pennypacker, presi-
dent of the national organization, in
attendance at the convention The
hundred and ffiy-odd members Of
the club have been placed on the var
ious committees, and no effort will be
spared which will tend to make the
fourth annual state convention the
greatest success Of any yet held.
Plans for entertaining and the ac-
commodation of the large number OF
delegates who will be present are al
ready being prepared. II is aniic-
mated that from two hundred To
three hundred members of the State
Federation will be in attendance. A
reception committee will meet all
trains. The meetings will be held IN
the large and commodious Elks' OPP
era house, which has already been
engaged for the occasion. Luncheon
will be served in this building by the
Silver City woman's Club on October
IA, and an automobile trip to Fort
Buyard. Santa Rita and Hurley will
be given the visitors and luncheon
served at Santa Rita by the ladies OF
Santa Rita October IL.
Special rates to Silver City from
all points on the Santa Fe lines, the
New Mexico Central and FL Paso q
railroads. Tickets will
be ON sale October IL, 10, IA and 10,
with a return limit October Is.
Deming graphic. (Deming, N.M.) 1903-1948, 1914-10-02

In recent number Of the Banker
Farmer, issued monthly by the Am
erican Bankers Association to slim
ulate interest in q better agricultural
and rural life, DR.. Charles W. Eliot,
president emeritus Of Harvard, sets
forth clearly and concisely some Of
the country schools most pressing
needs, says the Philadelphia North
American.
"There is great need for thor
ough reconstruction Of the programs
Of the rural schools" he says. "The
instruction which they now provide
in reading, writing and arithmetic
should not be diminished in amount,
but altered in nature. The greater
part of the direct instruction should
relate to natural history, agriculture
and farm life; and the books used for
teaching reading and spelling should
be on these subjects, with additional
primers on geography, American his
tory and civics."
Going into detail, this veteran and
gifted authority on education says
an the last two years Of the rural
schools course every child should
learn the elements Of agriculture and
gardening, and should have gar
den plat to cultivate. Prizes should
be offered for the best plats Of vege-
tables, small fruit and flowers. Ev-
cry boy should be given practice in
the use Of carpenters tools and every
girl should be taught to sew, cook
and can fruits and vegetables. Read
ing aloud and singing should be a
substantial part Of every rural
schools program. The practice in
English composition should mainly
consist Of writing descriptions Of
what the child itself sees, hears or
touches.
"These improvements in rural
schools cannot be made without
spending more money than towns and
counties have been in the habit of
appropriating; but no town or county
expenditure will be so profitable to
the community rs the expenditure
makes these changes possible.
'1n order to put these improve
ments into execution on large scale,
all normal schools will have to pre-
pare their graduates to give instruc-
ton in the subjects and methods in
dicated. Some normal schools are
doing that now, but by no means all.
an the meantime, oranges, farm
ers' clubs, bankers and manufactur-
ers' associations. endowed educa-
tional boards and private givers may
well promote literally this much
needed reform"
In common with all persons who
have the highest interests Of their
country at heart DIR. Eliot appreci-
ates the prime Importance of increas-
ing the efficiency Of our rural
schools. As is said by writer in the
same number Of this unique periodi-
cal, aEvery American-banker. mer-
chant, farmer, mother, statesman or
member of a professionalism is in
terested in the right progress Of self,
family, community or nation, must
know that such advance depends pri-
mariIy on fitting the children Of to-
day TO become honest, decent self
supporting men and women.
Nat every American, however
Deming graphic. (Deming, N.M.) 1903-1948, 1914-10-02

Csptoin n. D. Taylor, . captain Of
cavalry h ~ famous xarasosa bri-
gade Of Isonslseo villas army was
IN ~ ~ ffsn n Paso ths early
part oe ~ WI visiting relatives.
Captain TayIsr sstuEnsd to his CON-
man1 whieh h now ct Torreon wait
ing for the forces Of CarEansa which
are reported to b on the way to
confess Cor Tie control Of the north
with villa.
ut h IN . bluff, declared Capt.
Taylor VIXEN asked whether or not
Caxransa would make war ON the
victor Of Terra Blanca, Torreon,
and zacatscas." Carransa is not
popular with any class, and his as
sumption Of power win And few
hackers when put to the test. In
the end be will accept Villas terms
and step out. Only Carransa's am
hilton to become a dictator Is in the
way Of his acceding to the demands.
~ was in Chihuahua the day i
was reported first that Villa had ar
rested General Oregon. l do not
credit the report. General Obregon
lived at the house Of Raoul Madero
and went about the city at will, and
apparently on the friendliest terms
with the Villa officers. I have heard
Oregon say that he was in full ac-
cord with Villa in his attempt ia
wrest Mexico from a military des.
potism."
Captain Taylor says that the Mex
leans have learned to fight, and thai
they have as good artillery as any
modern army. General Angeles has
had experience in the French arm!
and his work with the field gun il
most effective.
For three years Capt. Taylor hal
been engaged in revolution in Mexico
and says that 1t is his intention o.
remaining in the Mexican army wheI
it is placed on peace footing. Hi
home was originally at Goliad, Texas
and he was at one time seaman il
the U. s. navy.
Deming graphic. (Deming, N.M.) 1903-1948, 1914-10-02

lnlsea eempazotlvsly fsw-are|
auaro Inst he chisf factor In this
peublen u ths country ehild For IN
car reoont rush 70 TIE cities many Of
~ have got an exaggerated notion
Of III siss end Importance Of the ur-
tan population a. compared with the
rural
Il must be remembered, however.
that Of the more than $4,000, 900
children under 10 in the United
statss, more than 90 per cent live on
farms or In small villages. So our
future il more than thres-6fths de-
pendent upon the manner In which
this majority Is prepared for the du-
ties and responsibilities Of self-im-
provement and self-governmeni.
According to federal statistics, at
the time Of the last general census,
in 1910, there were nearly 10000, 900
rural children between the ages OF
s and l4-the elementary school per-
iod. Eight million Of these were at
tending school, leaving nearly 4.OOO,-
600 without schooling. or course,
some Of the younger among this lat
ter group since have started, but 9th
ers have dropped out; so the situa-
ton today is virtually what Is was
four years ago.
Yet the country school, "the little
red schoolhouse" Of cherished men,
ory, il the hub Of our wheel Of prog
ress, as one commentator has said.
"The future Of your state and its
development isn't in the hands OF a
mighty educated minority" said John
Fields Of Oklahoma, in recent adj
dress before the Kansas board OF ag-
ricultuie. ut depends upon the nv
erage intelligence Of all Its citizens
That this average intelligence car
he raised chiefly through attention
to the rural school, especially the
elementary grades, is too obvious t.
admit Of argument. For in our ell
tire schoo population-urban ant
rural-90 per cent Of the children
never get beyond the elementar,
grades: and since more than three
fifths Of this total population is ru'
raj, il follows that the state OF ou'
average intelligence rests with thu
country school.
But for one fairly recent innova'
ton the prospect might well be re-
garded as serious. And whether oil
not the final solution lies in the con-
solidated school, il generally is nd
mitted that this is the nearest ap-
proach to satisfactory adjustment
which vet has been suggested.
The consolidated school means
this: The people Of certain district
in the country, instead of building q
little school within walking distance
Of their farms and putting it il
charge Of one teacher; unite with thu
people Of two, three and even hall
n dozen districts in the neighborhoot
and build one big. modern school
having half a dozen teachers instead
Of one.
This permits the employment Of
competent instructors. II permits
the enlarging Of curriculum, for there
is room in the consolidated schoo
for n domestic science department
for girls and for shops and labora
tory for boys.
In addition to receiving bette
training. the pupils of the con
solidated school also have more Of
social life. There being larger num-
her, they organize athletic. social an'
debating clubs. The problem Of trans
portation to and from the school Il
solved by the maintenance. in con
nection with the schools, Of buses
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1914-12-27
DESERTS VIII Some Day Be CURED
THE term desert" us now used
/ by science. means country

"HE term desert" as now used
by science. means country
which is unoccupicd because
of its arid climate. Some scientists
have declared that any region where
the rainfall is less than a certain
number of inches year should be
called a desert, but others insist that
any such arbitrary limit is imprac.
ticable.
Climate is by no means the only
factor that controls the development
Of deserts. The geological structure
of the district has an important in
tluence. The presence of rocks, which
are very permeable. and which crum-
bic into coarse grains. contributes to
desert conditions. Geographical situa-
ton is also important. for plateau
which has free drainage to adjacent
lowlands Is more easily converte
into desert than area with no easy
escape for its subterranean waters.
The influence of climate depends
not only upon the total amount of
rainfall, but upon its distribution
through the year Thus a country
where the rainfall is in the late sum
mer and Autumn may be cconomi.
cally desert. whereas the same rain
fall Mt more suitable season would
render the country fertile. The
Transvaal. for example. is hampered
by It's only certain rains falling be
tween November and March. TEN
perature and the rate of evaporation
also have IN important influence.
Deserts are most easily produced
and least durable where the rainfall
is low. the temperature is high. the
wind is strong and the country con-
sists OF plateau where there is in
easy drainage to the adjacent low
lands. On high plateau the eleva-
ton. by lowering the temperature and
cooling the air uplifted on 10 It. tends
to secure rain. though if it easily
drains to the lowands the main value
of the rain may be on them.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1914-12-27
Why Science Believes typhoid Has Been CONQUERED

SACTS as to the ability of anti-typhod
r. incubation to conquer this dread disease
are accommodating almost daily, says the
Medical Record. Perhaps the most satisfactory
statistics with regard TO the value Of the method
are those afforded by the United States Army.
The following figures show the contrast be-
tween the state Of affairs in the Spanish War
and that in 1911 after incubation had been
made compulsory for all recruits. At Jackson
vile. Fla. in the earlier campaign there
Cured certainly 1929 and probably 2,613 cases
OF typhoid fever with 24S deaths. The strength
of the force was 1859 AT San Antonio, when
an American army was concentrated the
Mexican border in 1911, $4,000 men were en-.
the Spanish War, and among these there were
only two cases OF enterc fever and no deaths,
though the disease actually present in the
civil population Of San Antonio and the troops
were allowed to enter the town freely.
Reports from France as favorable as
those from this country. For example. during
an epidemic of typhoid fever in Avignon, the
garrison consisted of 2o5S men, of whom 1865
were inoculated Among the unvaccinated sol
diers 155 cases of typhoid fever with 81 deaths
occurred. while among the vaccinated there was
not single All the soldiers lived under
exactly the same conditions Again. in eastern
Morocco, among 962 vaccinated soldiers there
was no OF infection
In the British army in India the results of the
incubation method have been conspicuously
brilliant. There the typhoid rate fell in five
death rate from to 0. 63 per 1000. During
the year 1910 among about 10000 men there
was total OF 306 OF enteric fever: ISL OF
these occurred in the 10000 who were unpro-
tected and only 1875 in the 10000 who had been
vaccinated. Only 11.2 per cent Of the noculatcd
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1914-12-27

States for the production of this kind of
pastcboard is located on the Schuylkill River
at Manayunk just outside Philadelphia. There
any day you may see long trains of freight
ears loaded with huge bales OF newspapers
which have beer gathered from all parts of
the United States and Canada.
The preliminary sorting of the old papers is
not pleasant sight no. clean, healthful &C.
cupation, for choking clouds of dust arise as
soon as bale is opened 1t is, however, Il
very necessary operation, owing to the fact
that waste newspapers are sold by weight.
and unscrupulous dealers. therefore, often in
cludc in the bales quantities of tin cans and
ether heavy things which would Interfere
seriously with the manufacture OF pasteboard
boxes.
Besides newspapers, each bale. of course,
contains liberal percentage of other waste
paper material. such as carnival streamcrs
Old posters and letters harlequin caps, con-
Iotti exploded firecrackers and the like
After rough preliminary sorting in which
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1914-12-27

Mcnde as belonging in The same category
with lard. I'm the same class also he placed
numerous other chemical fats which have
been recently offered as substitute for
butter
The processes 10 which these artificial
products are submitted are believed by many
authorities such as to depreciate if not de-
stroy. their food value. Many facts have
come to light in recent times which indicate
that many OF the processes employed in tho
preparation OF food are damaging and some
times highly destructive. Long cooking at
high temperature, for example is now known
TO destroy the vitawincs which play such a
useful part in all our food.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1914-12-27

me word cane is thought to the Arabic
semitic or Hebrew, although it is also in Greek
Latin, Spanish, French and English
One theory is that the Roman cane derived ite
name from the fact that it used to beat off the
savage dogs of the street; (cani) "for dog" sub.
s'utoh OF cause for effect In Rome its general use
was prohibited, because people use it too much
IN personal 1uarrels, and because many dead dogs
lllered the street An imperial edict forbade all ex.
cept the nobility carry canes.
me cane appeared in England the badge of aristo-
cracy IN about the fifth Gentry, but after serving this
purpose lor some time came into the hands Of tho
ower classes and was dropped by those higher so.
cla standing 1t was restored to by the pilgrims
ana soldiers returning from the Holy Land dnr;ne,
ane Crusades Among the gentry of exquisite
ue,sn ana great value became tho vogue Edward +
was iorced to put Il ban the spiked cane us a,
haa me emperor OF Rome, or tho many fa
taHtlcs they caused to citizens and soldiers "
During the seventeenth century canes loot .h,
SIGNIFICANCE as badge of nobility The :-entIan,or @
up he small sword, further brought into vogue Inv an
Dsgerency or the times. at the close of the Amercan
rou.o' Tic cane came into its o~n again in this
oo"hy and england when al wcro tired of war and
It's accompanying sidc-arms. " ""t aug
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1914-12-27

As this woman explains the great drawing
power OF the free lunch" lies in its access
Utility. Too many wives demur when a
hungry husband makes inroads upon the pro-
visions in the iceboN thinking Of the time
and trouble OF preparing them. or course n
hungry man will SObhc up Il pudding meant
Tor dinner II there is nothing else at hand.
And il there are constant protests can you
blame him tor dropping in at the saloon on
the corner for something ready and freely
given albeit less tempting?
The wife VINO wants to keep her husband
at home is urged TO establish a little free
lunch counter Of her own. This can easily
be done by keeping continually on hand in
the depths of the icebox a few sandwiches
or other good things which hungry husband
is at liberty to dcvour whenever he chooses
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1914-12-27
Found to Behave in a Great MANY WAYS
VERY MUCH LIKE HUMAN BEINGS

gatlons OF plant reactions is the modification of effect
brought on by the strength Of the dose Thus poison
GUS chemical which caused depression or death was
louhd TO act as stmuant when administered in small
quantities. Thus two precisely opposite results may
be brought about by Identical drug owing to the
varied strength Of applications.
a given chemical may cause certain effect or one
individual and altogether different effect on another
AS the old adage puts II, what is mans meat is
another mans poison" This difference is supposed to
be due to the varied constitutions of individuals AS
concrete example may cite different reactions given
by three patches of seedlings primarily similar These
we're kept for some time under three distinct conditions
and afterward subjected to the action given dose
OF dilute poison.
The first batch Of seedlings succumbed the poison
immediately; the second struggled time against it.
recovered, and exhibited moderate rate of growth
afterward But the third batch actually stimulat ted
by the poison and showed this by invlgorated growth
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1914-12-27

quently, any method calculated to protect nd
viduals from contracting the disease should be
employed without hesitation Even if the
method had not been proved to be as efficacious
as it certainly is, it should be practsed
When an authority Of the rank Of Sir William
1eishman declares that not only is anti-typhoid
vaccination efficacious but the subsequent ill
effects are slight and fleeing, view which is
Endorsed by the great majority of the British
medical profession. and when Professor Chan
tennessee, of Paris, goes so far as to state active
belief that typhoid fever will gradually disap-
pear during the present century, Just as small
poX vanished in the nineteenth century and
when Italian and Japanese authorities who
have tested the method are practically unani-
nous in giving evidence to its value, skepti-
cism must, to great extent, vanish
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1914-12-27

tensey we'll as to transfer 1t more readily
from one subject to another
As regards to memory the process OF fixing
groups of facts temporarily was much more
rapid and clear, but the ability to retain them
Tor any length of time was greatly lessened At
the same time it caused various sub-conscious
memories to rise to the level of consciousness
Perhaps the most remarkable result OF these
experiments was the proof 1t supplied that
very small quantity of alcohol is sufficient to
cause the lowering or the entire disappearance
of certain moral sentiments especially those
which tend to restrain human activities
This effect was found to vary with the TEN.
permanent of the subjects. being greatest In the
more emotional children and least in the phleg-
matte
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1914-12-27
Every Home Needs FREE LUNCH

s-E7 HE words free lunch have struck ter
ror into many wOmans heart. They
often carry with them a sinister sig
nifcance; lurking mystery that must be
grapplcd with Tor the undivided possession of
ones husband. Just what free lunch" is
or why it should lure so many men TO saloons,
most women do no, understand
Cne woman whose activities in militan
anti-saloon crusade gave her a glimpse of
numerous free lunch" counters was surprised
to find what they really like They
serve just food" she said in astonishmcn,.
cold meats, potato salad, cheese and sand
wiches, not half so good as men find at home
] could make my husband things a hundred
times more appetiziug."
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1914-12-27

died and 16.1 per cent OF the uninoculated. 1t
must be borne in mind that members of the
white race in India peculiarly prone to
typhoid fever and that up to recent years this
has been of the main causes of sickness
and death.
Figures dealing with the efficacy of anti
typhoid inoculation in the Italian and Japanese
armies tend to show that the method has greatly
decreased the amount Of this disease and the
death rate from it. The Italian statistics are
especially favorable, while the heads of the Jap
anese army have found antityphoid incubation
Of so great value that it has been made com
pusory.
The subject is of the greatest inheritance
just in Europe, when immense masses of
men are gathered together under conditions
necessarily the reverse of sanitary In spite of
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1914-12-27
A Plan TO MAKE SUNSHINE to Order

@T7liERE is "A division OF opinion among experts as
to the possibilities Of controlling the weather
but many Of them support the claim made by
s. H. De Fcrranti English electrical engineer that
the time is not far distant when will be considered
no more wonderful to control the weather than we
think it now to control rain after il has fallen
By electrical means il may be possible to disperse
clouds which do not allow the sunshine to come to the
earth, and to set up electrical defense along the
sea coasts which would the moisture in the
clouds to fall in the form of rain prevent these
clouds drifting the country. In a similar way
rain wien required inland, could be obtained
Opponents Of this theory have pointed out that il
might be possible to control the weather in small
Copyright 1914. by the Company. Great Britain Ri
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1914-12-27

Why should we find this difference? We must
remember that the living tissues OF animals plants
are not merely masses OF inert matter; they
pcated systems of matter and energy held latent The
tissue thus exist under widely different conditions
according to whether has been rendered active by the
stimulating influence of it's environment reduced to
state OF ethargy through being deprived Of this
plant can feel the effects of fatigue just the same
as human being, and when the plant is very tired It
requires q rest Of half hour before can
regain its normal condition.
In order to determine the exact death point of plants
subjected various plants TO gradual of tempera-
lure. They showed nervous response to slight cleo
trc current until the temperature reached 10 degrees
Fahrenheit AT that point the plants died and would
give no further response to the electric current.
In many ways the life reactions plant and man
are alike and through the experience of the plant
may be possible to facilitate the progress of medicine
and alleviate the sufferngs of man