The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-11-01
BY FRANK G. CARPENTER

turing plant On that estate there are 12 miles of railroads. and there is one peach orchard in bearing that contains 45ot0 trees. Every field is walled with poplar trees and the receipts must equal, should say. the salary of our President. Never theiess 1t was P years before santa Ines began to pay, and during that time it cost Don Salvador Izquierdo S. who owns il, an ontlay of s3oo@9.
 During my last visit to Chile I visited the estate of Maeul. which belongs to the ccusinos, the descendants of q woman who was long said to be the richest widow of the world. This estate cost more than s5oe,ooo when it was bought by Don Cousino. It is now valued at over sl- 00Oooo. It consists of about 5oo0 acres of irrigated land. and 1t has large number of fine blooded horses and 200 cattle bred from the best Durham stock It's vine yards have hundreds of - ousands of vines, and they produce millions of bottles of wine every year The water rents therc are about as much as the salary of 9 United States senator and the irriga- tior' ditches are marked out by long lines of poplars. The park of Macul is one
 
 Another large estate is that of Asuila, belonging to Don Santiago de Toro, which contains 1l0OO acres. It is not for from Santiago, and it took me about two hours on the train to go there. At the time of my visit the hacienda had over 2000 cattle and 90u horses. the most of which were used for breeding alone, and for the family and guests. All of the farm work was done by oxen. Of the cattle 300 were ddrly cows. which brought in about scoop worth of milk and sS000 worth of butter year.
 The Aguila hacienda has many long, low one-story buildings running around patios and gardens. These have roofs of red tile and their floors are of brick. They have wide porches, and their windows look out on the gardens They are situated in a grove of trees which are at least 100 feet high, and among these are wonderful palms When visited 1t the house contained about two score of guests, In addition to the 50 children and grandchildren of the family of It's owner Each of these children had It's own pony.
 Others of the haciendas here have beautiful buildings of modern con struction, with great parks, with miles of shady drives, and all of the other
 
 the states. Many of them are using midern machienry, and some are now experimenting with fertilizers and in intensive cultivation. Everywhere 1 go ] see American blows and there are three or four importing houses in Chile who have their traveling salesmen go- ing over the country drumming each hacienda as to the Introduction of American haryesters. reapers and wind mills.
 One of the interesting features of farm- ing in Guile has to do with the labor. This is made up almost altogether of class known as inqulinos. or the class of which travellers sometimes speak as the rotos. This Is wrong. The word roto is u coptemptuous word. meaning torn or ragged, or, as Ii might be called raga- muffin. The proper term is inquilino or farmer. He is g respectable person and he may or may not be ragged, These peo- pie are the descendants of the Indians and the immigrants from the northern provinces of Spain. They are the labor ing class of the country, and they cor respond to the peons of Peru, although they are far above them In character and efficiency. They are excellent workmen, and they can learn almost anything that requires handiness and craft. They are very proud and will not tolerate abuse or sinsultas You might kick Peruvian peon and he would slink away humbly. The Bolivian Indian is afraid that his master is angry if he Is not punished now and then, but the inquilinc would be likely to resent such treatment and leave. ln- deed, I doubt if 1t would be at all safe for his master to lay his hands on him. On the haciendas where have been there seems to be a good spirit existing be- tween the haciendado and the laborers The latter are deferentlal and the owners sustain sort of patriarchal relation to- ward them. They are interested in treat Ink them well, for If they do not the in- quilino will leave. and 1t Is upon his labor that the man must depend for the work upon the estate.
 The conditions of employment are somewhat like that of the old fendai times The haciandado owns the land