davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-04-26
The Watchdog of the Sea


 He waited in vain At every harbor mouth of France twinkled the lights of English ships, which when blown away by the gales, quickly raced back to their posts. Admiral Collingwood wrote his wife from his station off Rochefort that for IA months and Nelson said that for for 14 months" and Nelson sad that for two years and 10 days he never had his fcot off the Victory
 Nelson only returned from his bootless voyage to Egypt to chase Vileneuve across the Atlantic where in West h. dian waters he missed the allied French and Spanish fleet by 1y0 miles, and was sent off on another fools errand to the South American coast. But Villeneuve, teo, had his disappointment. The French fleet in the harbor of Brest, where Napo- Icon had noisily assembled 10000 soldiers, as if for an expedition to Ireland had failed to run the British blockade and form the projected combination at Mar unique.
 Nilleneuve, therefore, returned to the coast of Spain, where in due time Nell son was to catch his ships and smash them off the streak of sand whose name has been immortalzed by the battle of Trafalgar. But that was not yet, and day after day Napoleon,s eye remained fastened on the western horizon in the hope that one of his fleets would dare the venture alone. To the Brest commander he appealed, start, start at once, Tn your hands are the destihies of tha world"
 Let us be. the masters of the channN Tor SIX hourA' he pleaded with his navat anvisers, and we shall be masters os the world" But they only exasperatei him by discoursing about calms and cur rents and forever urging, Sire, that can not be. Sire the winds do not admit of 1t Y He stormed at them "How is it possible to maintain a discussion with men whose language we do not comprehend?" He had no patience with their objections and doubts. My admirals see double" he ax- claimed. "The English will become very. very small when France shall have two or three admirals willing Go die."
 The Unc01quered Element
 It would not be easy to measure the bitterness that filled his breast as he saw his imperious will baffled by the course of a campaign on an element to which he was stranger Had not some official arbitrarily changed his destiny when he was preparing for the navy at Brienne, he might have been his own admiral and met Nelson face to face. When difficulties and impossibilities con- fronted his army, he defied and surmount- ed them He was certain that if he com manded ships he could overcome naval obstacles with the same ease
 With gloom and anger clouding his brow he paced the wave-washed bounds of his dominion over the world, glaring at the defiant waters and talking to himself the land had been thwarted again by the the land had ben thwarted again by the mistress of the sea. Mars had failed to< snatch the trident from Neptune. Leaving the ocean unconquered Napo- leon suddenly turned to confront Eu- rope, which was silently rising to strike him in the back.
 Next Sunday-Napoleon at the head of the Grand army in it's most brilliant campaign-An army of 5000 Autrians de- stroyed in three weeks by swift marchea.
 (CopYright, 1A12-1k hX James Moran,
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-04-26

eyes on him all the while, he was in duced to leave France shortly after his trip on the Seine and go to London All though William Pitt, the prime minister welcomed him cordially, he met with a cold reception from the British naval men. The admiralty had already re- Jected Bells steamboat, indorsed by Nell son. and no interest whatever appears to have been taken in Fulton's steamer while Lord Vincent rdiculed his diving boat as a ''gimcrack." At the same time St. Vincent called Pitt "the greatest fool that ever was to encourage a mode of war which those who command the sea do not want and which if successful would deprive them of it." Still test was made. and there was a torpedo at tack off Boulogne, but Napoleon con- temptously dismissed it as breaking the windows of good citizens of the town with English guneas."
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-04-26
Napoleon on the Coast


 While Fulton wandered between the two powers that were struggling for the mastery of the waters, all northern France rang with the hammers of the boat builders, who launched their craft in the little rivers and steered them downstream to the sea- The boats were made shallow to enable them to navi- gate the rivers, and also to be beached anywhere on the English shore. At the same time the air was grimy by day and ablaze by night from the chimneys Of arsenals, where the guns for the ex- petition were in process of making.
 All the while Napoleon went up and down the long coast line directing the work of mounting guns until they lined the shore like fence posts. With his own hands he fired the cannon, and found the range of some of them inadequate. He stood by to see the shot weighed. and proved much of it to be under weight An artillery officer In an en- gagement with a British ship used car tridges made for salutes instead of war, and he jumped at him and tore off the epaulettes of the offender. q Have seen your reports" he said to General Segur, and they are excellent But you for got two cannon at Ostend, in a road behind the townw
 Photographic semaphores were erected everywhere; 60,000 men patrolled the coast. and horse artillery were in readi- ness to gallop to any threatened point if the English should emulate their en- emy and attempt an invasion. Recogniz- ing the advantages of Antwerp, Ma poleon started 1t on it's career as a great port in the North sea, and armed 1t until it was a loaded pistol held at the head of England" He began the work which was to make Cherbourg the important port it is in our day, and Boulogne, too, owes its present high rank as a shipping point to his initia- tive at that busy time.
 He found the harbor of Boulogne In a shallow river mouth. and he set his sol dfers to digging and lining an immense basin. where they werd often obliged to work under fire from English ships The forests near at hand were felled and the green wood was hastily em- ployed the day 1t was cut in the con- struction of the new harbor.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-04-26

From the heights of Boulogne, where Napoleon assembled an i'm mense army and directed a flotilla of more than 2000 boats for the invasion of England MT. Morgan tells the story of the first great failure in the long Napoleonic duel between the master of the land and the mistress of the sea.
 Napoleon's amusing quarrel with the London press-his historic out burst to the British ambassador in Josephine's saloon--his stock market campaign as real Napoleon of fi- nance"-his dealings with Robert Full ton, the inventor of the steamboat his terrifying effect on the threatened English-his stupendous naval cam paign, which the British fleets thwarted, are among the phases of a remarkable chapter.
 September 9. 1So1-Robert Fulton re- ported to Napoleon the success of his submarine boat al Brest
 March 2, 1So2-The peace of Amiens. March 12, 1S0S- -Napoleons warike out burst to British ambassador.
 May 21, 1S03-War reopened between France and England
 June E, 1S0S-France seized Hanover. June 29. 1S0S-Napoleon at Boulogne July q. 1S03-Ordered test of Fulton's steamboat
 August 9, 1sO3-The steamer made a trip on the Seine
 October 19, 1S03-Alliance with Spain. December 19, 1S03-Alliance with Portu- gal
 April %. 1S0f-Fulton left for England August 16. lS04-Distribution of the rib bons of the legion of honor
 March 30, 1S05-Villeneuves fleet sailed from Toulon.
 August 2, 1S05-Returned from West In- dies to Spanish coast
 August % 1S05-Napoleon broke camp and army marched toward Germany
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-04-26

HE green lease that crowns the chalk cliffs of Folkstone with
 the velvet turf of England, is
 hardly lost to the view of the
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-04-26
The Napoleon of Finance


 The trade of all Europe was pros- trated as if by stroke of paralysis and an epidemic of bankruptcy ran through the nations. To arrest the financial panic in Paris the first con sul became for time a Napoleon of finance"
 When he came to power he had found "renies,' the national securities selling for 12 francs. and he had seen them rise to 65 as the confidence and prosperity of the country rose. He rightly regarded their price as the ba- rometer of Frances hopes and fears and he took measures to keep it from falling as the atmosphere grew heavy with rumors of war.
 His stormy interview with the British ambassador was hardly over that Sum day afternoon when he ordered his agents to be sure to maintain the price of rentes on the exchange the next day. The battle ragged on the floor of the bourse for a week, with Napoleon com manding the bulls against the bears; whom he denouced as public enemies and as paid agents of England, which many of them really were. He was as determined to win this market cam paign as if it had been a military cam paign.
 The bear. raid was successfully re- pelled the first day by heavy purchases made under his orders. T was the only buyer" his agent reported. to him. The next day the price of rentes began it's downward journey and was 50 at the end of the week. The panic was con- quered at last, Out not until Napoleon had poured more than g., ,000. 900 into thfe bourse When war really came. its com ing had been discounted and the pur- chase of small lot of the bonds in Josephines name sufficed to hold the market for the day.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-04-26
Napoleon and Fulton

Robert Fulton was in France at the time and he proposed to Napoleons ministry the use of steamboats. Full ton aided by three other Americans in Paris Joel Barlow. Robert R. Living ston and Count Rumford, had already interested the first consul in a diving, or submarine torpedo boat.
 Napoleon and Fulton met, and the first consul appointed committee of distinguished scientists to investigate the matter. The inventor stayed be- heath the waters of the harbor of Brest In his diving craft for more than an hour, but when Napoleon ordered him to blow up an English naval vessel off Brest he failed, because the British ad- miralty were in the secret of his eXperi- ments and had warned their ships to guard against the hidden attack Napo- leon next asked him to bring his sub marine to Paris and submit it's plans to body of engineers, but Fulton replied that he had broken up the boat to sell it's metal. and that he must decline to disclose it's mechanism to others The entire project was thereupon dropped by the government, the scientists hay ing reported that the diving vessel lacked the requisite motive power to make it useful In warfare
 The suggestion of a steamboat, how ever, reawakened Napoleon's interest in Fulton and aroused his imagination. He ordered the experts to test it at once and let him know the result within eight days. The steamer, after a serious mishap, finally succeeded in making two miles an hour against the current in the Seine as it moved along the river in the view of the wondering Pa risians, the Journal des Debates de- scribing it as "a boat moved by wheels like a cart, these wheels being pro- vided with paddles and being moved by a fire engine"
 Missing the Steamer
 History unfortunately stops there We have no record of any report having been made to Napoleon or his having taken any further action on the sub 5ect. yet posterity has presumed to laugh at him for having missed the greatest chance of his life. Greenough. the sculptor, said to Emerson: Fulton knocked at the door of Napoleon with steam and was rejected: and Napoleon lived long enough to know that he had excluded a greater power than his own." Lord Acton has even pronounced Napoleons failure to seize upon the idea as the most important event of the nineteenth century.
 Nevertheless Fulton's incention was not yet of the least practical value for a great expedition such as Napoleon was piannins dedIHst hnsaHo lie moueStly offered 1t only as a means of towing freight along rivers and canals. More over, no steamer succeeded in crossing the channel in Napoleon's time. and. 1t was not until 1922. long after he had ceased to trouble his foes, that the first steam vessa appeared in the British navy. Still the fact stands that he let slip an agency which, under his pow crful patronage. possibly might have been developed in season to have served him in his long duel with England and enabled him to wrest from her the control of the seas.
 It must be borne in mind, however. that the English made no better use of the opportunity when Fulton presented 1t to them. Their spies having kept their
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-04-26
The Great War Began

After a few more weeks of wrangling the British government presented it's ul- tlmatum, demanding everything, and be- ing refused, of course, Lord Whitworth called for his passports. As the ambas- sador left Paris Nelson hoisted his flag on the Victory, England thundered dec laration of war, threw cordon of block ading ships across every French harbor and her navy--"those ravening wolves of the sea-" Napoleon called them-once more prowle7 the waters in quest of it's famil- far the ships of France
 Fial had been hurried into the con tlict before she was ready. She had onely half as many fighting ships as her ene- my, and most of those were at once caught and sealed up in the blockaded ports.
 Unable tot seize British vessels, Ma poleon seized British subjests. The Eng fish had hocked to France in time of peace, eager to enjoy Paris after their long exclusion from it's pleasures in the 1O- years war, and there were probably 10000 of them in the country, when the first consul ordered all between IS and 60 ar rested and held as prisoners of war. "I am resolved" he instructed Junot the military governor of the capital. that in the obscurist theatre or the lowest res taurant in Paris not an Englishman shall this night be seen.'
 England had slgnal1zed the opening of hostiities by instantly closing against France the gateways to the sea Ma poleon retaliated by closing the principal doors of Europe to the British and Brit ish trade Dispatching an army into Han over, whose crown still belonged to the English kings, he occupied that country and its port of Bremen. Boldly invading the adjoining territory belonging to the free city of Hamburg. ne next possessed himself of the port of Cuxhaven Another army entered the kingdom of Paples. which was under English influence, and overthrow the Bourbon monarchy there. Spain and Portugal were the sworn allies of France.
 Within three months after the outbreak or the war Napoleon was the master of the coast of Europe from the boundary of Denmark to the toe of Italy, and the British flag was banned at every port from Hamburg to Naples and beyond The harbors of France proper were shut to the ships of any nation whatever that so much as touched at British port.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-04-26
A Gigantic Bluff

But how did Napoleon, without a French warship in the channel, propose to break through the line of British naval vessels that guarded England s wide and stormy moat and land an army of 130,O00 men? His answer was eight hours of calm or fog will decide the fate of the universe" If the stormy straits, through which the waters of the north hasten to the Atlantic, would be still only eight hours. his invading hosts, he argued, could be rowed across while the British ships. with empty sails, lay becalmed and helpless spectators of his descent upon their doomed island. If, on the other hand, he should be favored with eight hours of fog, his flotilla, he con tended, could dodge its way under sail through the enemy's fleet.
 History cannot keep a straight face While recording this nonsense. So great hotilla could not possibly. crowd it's way out of the shallow little harbors at and near Boulogne on a single tide. The first section. therefore, would have to wait outside. exposed for 12 hours to the fire of the British ships, until another tide fioated the rest of the boats. Meanwhile the calm or the fog might disappear and the keelless craft would be like corks on the heaving bosom of the swift and treacherous channel. Seasickness alone would have undone Napoleon's grand army.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-04-26
Questions at Issue

Apart from mere recrimination, Eng land protested against Napoleon's an- nexation of Piedmont and his active in fluence in Switzerland. where he was making over the Swiss confederation into the modern republic that we know today British jealousy was aroused to the greatest hue when England saw him, by invitation of the German states acting as mediator between them and remar rking the map of Germany.
 In the midst of the quarrel England had faithfully carried out her treaty agreement to restore the Cape of Good to the Turks. She also sent home at her own expense the remnant of Napo- Icons Egyptian army, which she had captured when she took the country. But she continued to hold to Malta be cause the Amiens treaty provided as a condition of her retirement from the is land that the great powers should unite in guaranteeing it's neutrality, and Rus sit had not yet given her pledge. France however, insisted that this was only pettifogging with technocalties, and that England must not remain in control of Malta, the key to the eastern Medter- ranean.
 In the end the controversy thus mar rowcd down to the possession of a bar sen rock 20 miles long and nine miles wide. But in the temper that had been aroused on both sides any bone would suffice to bring on fight.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-04-26

at the imperial pavilion by Caligula' s tower, where he sat at a big green ta- ble beneath a ceiling picture that rep resented an eagle with a thunderbolt in a flight toward England, while a chart of the channel hung before him on the wall.
 Seated at that table he ruled Europe and attended to the minutest details of his army. Not another chair than his was in the room, for the generals and ministers must not sit down in his pres ence, though they remained in council for three and four hours. His iron camp bed was in an adjoining room, and in another room was a powerful telescope, generally pointed at Dover castle. Through it's lens he caught the only glmpses of England destiny was to vouchsafe him until he stood a captive on the deck of the Northumberland in 1915.
 While engaged in the tremendous la bors of his campaign, he yet found time to unravel and smash the great Bourbon plot against his life and put on two crowns. Where he set up his throne for the distribution of the decorations of the legion of honor in the presence of his army, there now stands a small marble shaft, near the road to Wimereaux The throne was the chair of Dagobert and the crosses of the legion were heaped on shield of the Chevalier Bayard
 The army went through daily drills In cmbarking and disembarking until every man knew his boat and his place in it. and 25.O0 could chamber aboard in 10 minutes. Often the soldiers, while they battled with the surf, were inspired to feats of daring when they felt the mas ter's eye upon them as he galloped over the sands or watched from the chiffs Sometimes he ventured into the boats, and once his boat was overturned in gale, when the soldiers, plunging into the pillows, carried him ashore on their backs.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-04-26
In JOsephine's Salon

The war began in Josephine's salon at the Tuileries one Sunday afternoon When Napoleon entered the circle that had formed in the drawing room, he walked up to Robert R. Livingston, the American minister. and made few pleasant remarks after which he stroda over to Lord Whitworth, the British ann bassador. So" he demanded of the Brton in his deepest tone you art de- termined to go to war?'
 sent abroad to lie for his country, the ambassador insisted. of course, that his nation was only desirous of peace. But the first consul. in angry accents, in- sisted that England was not keeping her promises and was plotting to bring on hostilities. Why these preparations for warp he sternly inquired. Against whom are you taking these measures? But if you arm, I shall also arm. If you will fight shall also fight You may possibly destroy France but you never can intimidate her!'
 Whirlins next upon the Swedish mnis- leul IelJy ..iIsMod eleI pIIul ol Huns seu II lsul-snudIopv snAelsnp 1o sWn eul uI seM T aBqM lou sI uspaMS lBul sleSIoJ StHN InoA. :psIIo gu Isl thrust, it was 'Lord Whitworth's turn again to feel the consular rage Woe to them who do not respect their treaties" he warned Whitwortn. They shall be responsible to all Europe.' The ambas- sador now remained silent, seeing that Napoleon was too agitated to make it advisable to prolong the conversation"
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-04-26

Mediterranean? Had he not ieaped tho Alps? Who could set bounds to his au- dacity?
 While the credulous peasantry shiv- cred as they listened to stories of Ma poleon's having already landed and se- creted himself like "a wild man in the neighboring woods, only awaiting his good time to bounce upon them, the King fin daily expectation that Bona rarte will attempt his threatened inva- sion." George III wrote, made pro- vision for the flight of the royal family beyond the Severn. For himself his majesty announced his readiness to take his place at tho head of the army of defense, whose number were quickly swollen to 3oo,o00 and 100000 by jealous volunteers. Indeed the enrolment out ran the supply of muskets and thou sands of the island defenders were armed only with bikes and like weap- ons
 Forts sprang up about London. and the traveller may still see the rounding. brick walls of some of the 75 martelIo watch towers that were hastily erected on the coast. Huge piles of combusti- bles were made ready to be turned inso bonfires as signal of the ogre's ap- proach at night, while beside them stacks of straw were heaped and only needed to be wetted and fired to send up warning column of smoke by day.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-04-26

Next Sunday-Napoleon at the head of the Grand army in it's most brilliant campaign-An army of 5000 Autrians de- stroyed in three weeks by swift marchea.
 Copyright, 1al3-1k by James Morgan.
The Sentinel=record., 1914-11-11
YOUR TEETH
 NEED THIS

Particular people prefer ReNal Tooth Paste If you use it you will know why. lis use is delightful be- cause of it's delicious flavor and de- lghtully cooling effects Most peo. pie believe that it more readily cans the teeth than other dentifrlcca, more easily removing tartar and other discoloratons, and leaving the guns in much better condition
 ReXau Tooth Paste contains no acids. It is designed for mouth clean Illness and for mouth comfort and fills both purposes more completely than any other denufrice we know oC We recommend its use to all wao are particular about the care Of their teeth
 Price, 25 cents. Sold in this com muuity only at our store The Rex. all Store-R. G. Morris Drug Go.
The Sentinel=record., 1914-11-11
ARK ANS4S MINE NOT
 OPEN UNTIL LATER
OWNERS DECIDE TO AWAIT THE RETURN OF FEDERAL JUDGE
 BEFORE RE.oPENlNG.

Camp Garrison, Prairie Creek, Ark. Nov 1o.--lt was practically decided today that no steps will be taken to- ward re-cpenine mine number four at Prairie Creek bv tthe Bach -Denman Company until after Federal Judge Frank Youmans returns to Fort Smta from Texarkana. Ark. where he is holding court. At that time the courts counsel will be sought as to the feasibility of resuming work at the mine under the receiyership
 No information could be obtained nere or at Fort Smith today a5 to the movements of Frank in Bache, presi- dent and receiver of the company. who is said to be in the east Uucon- tirmed reports are 10 the effect that Mir Bache is negotiating for the sale of his mining interests in Hartford Valley
 Everything was quiet throughout the valley today At the camp board floors were placed in a majority of the tents and other preparations made for a winters stay.