davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1914-12-08
Fire Alarm Wires Down.

Both the Western Union and Postal
Telegram companies reported that their
wires had suffered considerably from
the storm.
Fire alarm wires were torn down In
outlying sections of the city, and al
least one fire might have burned itself
out if the telephone had not been used
to summon apparatus. An alarm turned
in for a blaze at 1877 East 177th St,
The Bronx. failed to register at Fire
Headquarters. Finally a truck arrived
from a house three blocks away and
quickly extinguished the flames. Three
families living in the building escaped
without difficulty.
Slippery sidewalks early in the day
caused many falls. Police Sergeant
Charles ONeill, of the Westchester
station, was taken to Fordham Hos
ital suffering from bad bruise on the
back of the head. He fell when allght-
ing from a surface car.
Long Island Sound traffic was him
dered to some extent, one boat being
reported disabled and another running
for shelter and landing passengers at
another port than it's destination. The
freighter New York, of the Central
Vermont Line, was towed back to New
London, Conn, after an accident TO
the steering gear that left the ship
helpless.
The Georgia, of the Bay State Line
from New York to Fall River, tied up
in Providence after the officers had de-
cided not to try to round Point JUDITH
New-York tribune., 1914-12-08
WHAT THE BUYERS
WILL LOOK AT TO-DAY 7

ders ne has sent in the OUTLOOK lor
very large season is good.
Waists of white and of black SATIN nav
ing deep yokes with gathers or pieats
across the front, high necks ana PlalI
backs, with full length set-ln sleeves
are very much in vogue at presen'.
For more dressy wear blouse enec!s
are retained to some extent. Ihls Is
true OF the waists in chiffon, SATIN,
white or black Chantilly and SHADOW
lace. II applies 10 waists OF sheeI
Georeette crepe. voile, organdy and
batiste. The front fastening predoiIll-
Mates in all waists, but some or the
recent models have a row OF buttons
down the centre back to simulate a
fastening as well as TO supply tri"-
ming.
The Alberts Manufacturing Company
manufacturers of brassieres, ~ Na'-
erley Place, have leased tne eheiII
seventh floor of 81 West 26th ST., snd
will occupy il some time this moh'h'
A Tribune representative called on
a cloak and suit manufacturer Tor an
interview and asked: Nv hat klnd OF
materials do you think will be used
for the spring season :" The manu-,
facturer answered: 81 think it Will
be a sergical season." Whether ne
meant that serges will be worn or tha'
prices will be cut to pieces is ques-
tion.
For the coming spring season long
and short sleeves will be worn. ke,
garding the military effect, there VIII
be very little shown. Skirts VIII De
very wide and short, and covert cloth
will he used TO considerable extent
+. W. Rosenthal, formerly buyer OF
cloaks, suits, waists. dresses and furs
is now vice-president and general man
ager of Rothschild e. Co., Chicago, be-
ing succeeded as buyer by A. {. ber'
wanger
New-York tribune., 1914-12-08
fFrom The Tribune Buretu.I
Washington. December I.


Washington. December I.
Name Of First Lieut. JOIN u. HOWARD. eln a.: a.:
placed list detached orcers shu naile ~ i, ~
iIeut ALVIN 5. PERKINS. cav. removed thefe-
First I,f'i I,eu, SMITH A. HARRIS, lih Inf: from
duties at North Georgia Agncui'ufA 'oN's''
second SSri Lieut.. wILFRD ~ BLUNT llth Cav:
upon expiration present leave OF absence 10 ro''
Ie'Se on absence for one month granted Mai
FREDERICK T. RUSSELL Medical corps.
NAVY.
Rear Admiral REGINALD +. NICHOLSON to re
tired h'i ioTgsTSS iFpI PsS detached Naval War College;
10 commandant navy yard. New orleans -
Lieut. Commando W :. MILLER detached nav
Liant fnnior ersdel NJ X. PIERCE. detached
command D.2: 10 connection htting out MI and
duty in command when eommissi99in,esdi, ,.,..,.,
lieut. Junior gradel H. X NJ LMMEI' ue'4cHeu
Naval Cons,rucior II. 7. WRIGHT. detached as.
81 1a1rsvlys1is. 10 nav yard, New Orleans.
Paymsster r. B. WEsTLAkE. detached naval sta
iion Olongapo: TO treatment. Naval Hospital
Chief Bostswain A. zEECTs TO Ranger
Chief Gunner +. W. FUREi. detached Kansas:
MsehRist % Ri5p p HoTcHKIss detached Salem; to San
chei Carpenter J. A LORD. detached nav yard
Carpenter G. P. BAKER. detached Virginia; to
naval hospital. boston. -.
Gunner Il. J. MILLER. detached ONO 70 hanss
Pharmacist r. J. wALDHEk to naval hospital
Philadelphia. -
Pharmacist H. A. HARRIS. 10 naval hospital.
Washington. . o,.,.
Mai w. c. POWELL A. j. NJ, detached an
Regt.. San Diego; resume duties pay once. san
Francisco
Capt ). r. WGILL. detached 4th Regt and .duty
Puget Sound. 70 command naval prison, Marc
Island. -,
Capt. W W LOW. detached Rhode Island; 70 Sd
Co lst Brigade. Marine Barracks. Philadelphia.
First Lieut.. n. l.. SHEAltEk. detached 4th Regt.
10 receiving ship. Puget Sound. -
First Lieuts D. NJ RANDALL and 1. w. HOYT
l 10 temporary duty. an Regt. San Diego.
First Lieut. C. L. MEYERS. 10 command MARINE
Barracks Key West.
First Lieut. a. ID. ROREX. detached 9Th Rcgt. and
New-York tribune., 1914-12-08
Horse ShOp
Card To-day
MORNING.

Class
IO:OO--six shetland brood mares
(shOwn in hand) ............ IL
I0:16--Flve trOtters in harness. IS
1O:3O-Six novice pairs harness
horses, over 1913. ........... 81
I045--Seven ponies under saddle,
not exceeding 1872 ...... 90
II ;0O-Four hve-gaited saddle
horses, Eeldings. ............. IS
AFTERNOON.
1i60-Fifteen qualified hunters. ia
e:3O-EIeven novice harness horses
over 1873. .................... 80
e:50--Five ladies' saddle horses,
over 14.2 and not exceeding
15;2. up TO 200 Id. b........... 10
S;1O-sixteen roadsters. s.......... 20
S;40-Elghteen ponies in harness,
exceeding 1871 and not ex-
ceeding 1$.e e................ 80
t1o-Twenty novice harness horses
over l5.i and not exceeding
1913. ................... 70
4;40-Driu Troop ]. I'd Cavalry,
U. :. "A.
6:1O--Forty-seven Jumpers; open TO
all .................... III
EVENING.
S:00--Tboroughbred stations,
(shOwn I'm hand) ).....
S;20-Twelye gig hOrsesi open 20
oil l................... .Z1
640--Twenty saddle horses over
142 and not exceeding 15.2. 79
9;i0-"Cheyenne Days"
9:40-Six ponies in harness, over
15 and not exceeding 1872. 61
10:00-Ten ladies' harness horses,
ladies 10 drive e............. 43
10:2O-Drill Troop i, I'd Cavalry.
4. s. a.
10;50-Twenty- two hunters or jump
ers; 6-foOt jump. ..........121
New-York tribune., 1914-12-08

Miss Constance vauclain. Miss Ethel Boyd Bowers.
Miss Margaret Thompson. Charles Montague Ward.
Miss Frances Montague Ward. Miss Dorothy Smith.
Mr. and Mrs. y. der Horst Koch. Miss Renee
Masserman Miss Caroline Cox. Lewis T.. Maring
l.. stuart Wing. Miss Virginia Alexandra and Cor
nelus y. Bliss.
In the box Of honor At the evening session Was
A party from Governors Island. Among them we're
Colonel W. 4. Horton. L. ;. A Colonel W. A.
simpson. L. :. A: Lieut. McAlpn. L. g A :
Captain Chauncey b. Humphrey. L. $. A Captain
g. H. Scott MAJOR James L. Nomoyle' = A.
Goodwin 1. $ A. and Mrs. Goodwin. Lieutenant
g. W. simpson L. $. y, aud Mrs. Simpson.
New-York tribune., 1914-12-08
NOTES OF THE TRADE.

]. B. Cartwright, salesman repre-
senting several local concerns, reports
business very good in the Far west
He started on the road a few weeks
ago. and his doings are being carefully
watched by many ready-to-wear manu-
facturers, who were under the impress
sion that he was at least two months
ahead of time. According to the or
New-York tribune., 1914-12-08
FIRE DEPARTME ENT.

Fined.-Fmn. list grsde) z. j. Rsbel
IL g T.. i2i. s. FOR loss OF coat badge ana
81 for loss OF fire alarm box key.
Leaves of Absence (no pay. FINN. llst
grader C. Gravius, Eng 275, Il hours. Dec.
7: FINN. dst grade) G r. o. O'Donoghue. Eng
sS. Il hours Dec. g. FINN. ga sradel w ,s
Hills II a L. O. u hours. Dec. 81 FINN. 'St
grader w. H. Travers, II. & L. 1871, Y hours
Dec II
New-York tribune., 1914-12-08
SOCIETY IN BOXES
AND THE ARENA

Among those seen in the boxes and
arena seats during the afternoon and
evening were:
Miss Mabel Gerry ard L. Victor Lncs. who were
together in arena sests. Mr. and Mrs. Eugene
Reynal. Mr.. and Mrs. Louis Haighi and Miss
Econora Sears who were together Mrs. Paul d.
Cravaih Miss Vera Cravath. FoKhall r. keenr
Mr. and Mrs. William Hit who were In arena
seats. Mr. and Mrs William Iiesler. r.. Mr.. aud
Mrs T. A. : Franklin. Magistrate and Mrs. Will
IAN g. McAdoo. Judge William ". Moore Nlr and
Mrs G.. Jason Waters and John =. Cowdin.
Dr. T. Hamilton Burch. William A. Hazard Mr.
and Mrs r. X. sturgis. Colonel H. T.. Herbert
MIR ana Mrs. Bernard NJ Baruch. Lorllard Spen-
Ger. IT,. Mr. and Mrs. Be4tor Webb. Miss Louise
Reavor- Webb Robert FairhAiTn. J. Stevens Uman
Frederick Ieyisohn. Barnum Seeey Mrs. Roderick
Buchanan. Mr.. and Mrs. Henry Brey0on hengick
New-York tribune., 1914-12-08
.siO32il.2Tl SO

Accompanying the financial state
ment (Which precedes the annual re-
portO was the declaration tnat MI.
Rockefeller. during the last htteen OF
twenty years, had delegated the con-
duct Of his philanthropic objects more
and more to groups of intelligent couh-
cillors, taking this course not only pc
cause "the task of deciding wisely over
an ever increasing mass OF appllea-
tions, and, what was even more lmpor-
tant. of providing the constructive I'M
sgination necessary for intelligent PM
lanthropy." became more ana more
onerous. but because he felt that sueh
matters SHOULD be independent Oh the
life of any individual
New-York tribune., 1914-12-08

blk m Woodlands Countess. third. Bushnell Farms
b 2 The Governor and b. & The General. fourth
Class 10 hunters. thoroughbreds: green or quAn
fed hunters Won by Miss NiIa Comelis ch; q.
Rock Crezs. Arthur A FOwler's b. g. Gold Pitcher.
second George Chipchase's b. 6. Saporo. third; T.
A. Clarks ch. M. Flying Machine. fourth
New-York tribune., 1914-12-08
TIDES WREAK
HAVOC ON COAST
Continued from page l

timated as high as 100000. Coney
Islands bathing pavilions all feit the
force of the blow and the breakers and
there was much apprehension regard
ing the nights high tide.
Further down the coast there was
less damage, but much inconvenience
The streets Of the Rockaways and Ar
verne were flooded, and Edgemere re,
ported that many telegraph poles had
been washed away. At Long Beach
small craft were torn from their moor
ings and cast up on the meadows, which
were flooded.
On the south side of the island, par
ticularly along Little Neck Bay, the
rising waters caused trouble. A motor
car belonging to j. P. Morgan was
among the many automobiles which
were stalled on the meadows between
Bayside and Douglaston. The high tide
covered the meadows and lumber
yard floated over the tracks of the
trolley line that crosses the causeway.
Traffic was at standstill for hours.
One of the worst results of the
storm in Flatbush was the blowing
over of an eighty-foot smokestack of
the waterworks at Nostrand and Fos-
ter aves. Torn from its base by the
fierce gale, it foated at a height of
ten feet and then turned completely
over from end to end, finally plunging
through the roof of a cottage occu-
pied by Mrs. John Duffy. She was
stunned by falling timbers and her
young son was cut by glass.
In the North River conditions were
the worst known in years, and both the
Lackawanna and Erie ferries suffered
from high water in their slips on the
Jersey side. Shortly before noon the
Erie was forced to discontinue ferry
service altogether. The water flowed
into Pavonia av. and at least a quarter
of a mile into Jersey City. The Lacka-
wanna was able to move its boats, but
the Hoboken terminal was flooded and
only the upper landings of the boats
were used for some time.
Yesterdays storm saw the end Of the
freboat David A. Boody, built in 1892
and condemned two months ago as in
efficient With a roar Of protest the
old fire fighter, which has been tied
up at st. George alongside the Munich
pal Ferry slip, sank in eighteen feet OF
water early in the day. Commissioner
Kingsbury of the Charities Department
had intended to use the vessel in his
department.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-04-11

10 THE EDITOR or THE SuS-Sr: May
take exception TO q bit OF news you
printed Wednesday morning under the
heading "Bach's Passion
The doors OF st. Bartholomew Church
on last Tuesday evening We're not. as
THE sun stated, wide open" Instead
they were most iscourteously kept closed.
and the quiet, well dressed throng that
filled the block from church doors TO curb
ing waited patiently until after O'Clock.
when one side of one o. the heavy doors
was opened to allow the entrance OF n
few TO an already filled church.
As n ChurChwoman and lover OF me
music ! am wondering at the treatment
accorded that sadly disappointed crAwd
Very surely communicates and support
ers of this particular branch of the Church
should have first preference in tho matter
Of seats But with an audience thus
aSsurcd-----
Why advertise a musical treat and
calmly shut the doors in the face of
those seeking TO take advantage
Why invite. through a wide use OF the
press, those people 70 attend for whom
there can hr no provision
Why not open the church doors early
and wide until the church be filed ?
Would not the glorious Passion music
itself do its own policing
No. the doors Of 81. Bartholomew 4
Church are not wide opsn.
MILDRED MAppocKs
New YORK.. April g.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-04-11
Clansmcn Of Crime.

The toughs and rutiians Of this town
do not resort to the consultations Of re-
ligion until they have to. The four
"gunmen" murderers at Sing Sing.
whose death day is so near seem to
be divided between "A decent IL belated
attention to their religious duties and
the old staggering desire to make not
an "edifying" but game" end. 1t
IA a mournful sight. this mixture Of
sudden piety and old bravado. May
the efforts Of their spiritual advisers
he fruitful and availng: and the bet
ter frame Of mind overcome, in these
Just sacrifices to the law. the self-con-
seriousness and false pride Of crime.
From these men whose lives are so
near over. whose record Is made up.
what influence, what warning. what
moral. II any. comes to their former
associates. to the clansmen of crime,
to the boys even already committed
or following a prOpensiOn to the life of
violence and its sequence. prison or
death at the hands Of private vengeance
or by the law? The bOozing ken, the
amOurs Of drabs. the braggadocio, the
false idea OF life, the swift hour OF
crime. the pitiful little nOtoriety, the
shameful death.
How little they get out OF IL. these
rogues in their progress. A bitter and
an awful sermon to all who have So,
a foot upon the way to the chair. Will
any Of them heed it? Well, at least
let those Of us who from luck, environ.
ment, stronger moral fibre or mere
weakness Of will and opportunity have
been preserved from these brutal and
dangerous paths. put on no fool Philis-
tine smugness. but repeat that greaj
tolerant saying, There, but for the
grace of Con, goes JOHN WEsLEYw
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-04-11
CITY COLLEGE SEEKS $4,000
WhirIwind Campaign On for IT.
brnry EunL--Otber t"ti>iti"".

The whirlwiud campaign for the ..'
ton of the 100000 necessary To '.".i 90
the library fund of the 't;' '.
lege is being carried on tt
alumni library committee. aud O..
palgn will terminate on April o.
thousand dollars has hl'''Ht
pledged. The new library hui'dH-
at l4lst street aud convent Az "n' "'I
the city has Appropriated S'"', ITO.
the improv,m, Mt of the land.
The alumni dinner viii I've h.' g..
Hotel savoy ON April is. This .H-
particular purpose is 10 b. "' P'
Adolph Werner, head of ,h. H.U.''
Of German and acting pres dow
college since pr Eiule's rD~.-
Tickets may hr obtained from
erick y. Robinson 80 the ."
from Charles Murray. - ~ ad .'.'.'
4 ShakcspeHrlau ooleh'''
hold IN the Creat Han Of t..
op Thursday, April q. W''"
tiun Of Prof LOWS +. Mo''. N'H
English department.;
The subject for the debate So
ham University ON May D. ,
>olrod. That in tho Federal ~.'''-
mum wage should be O. -''. '.
for those engaged in j1lu>N.f ~
merctal pursuit lr''N"Ht''
will be held at the co'l.rr "u N'
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-04-11
First Aid for Commuters.

tn vnC EDITOR OF THE SrS-SV: Thou
sands OF men use key chains why should
there not he what We might call a bundle
cord to keep commuters ana other travellers
from losing bundles? piece OF smooth
twine with snap hook on each end would
Ia. only the twluc would o. course have 70
be long enough 20 reach down from the
user 10 tho floor of the car. The traveller
would snap ono hook in huttonhole NJ his
coat tn" other ON the cord around the
bundle. he couldn't start to leave the car
without being reminded by the tug on the
cord NJ the bundlo Nc would otherwise have
le': behind him. Thousands Of things Of
all sorts are now left IN city cars and on
railroad trains Wv forcetful passengers. a
bundle cord would prevent many losses
a coon FopGFTTrR
III NNriEIr y + Apri, ~.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-04-11
Thu Social Year.

The gayeties Of next week will mark
the end Of New York's social sea son.
1t has been quite as active as any of
its predecessors The number Of i'm
portant social gatherings was indeed
greater than any recent season has
produced.
New York's social activity seems des-
tined to increase in intensity with no
corresponding extension of the time for
its enjoyment. II seems as II New
York society would much rather enjoy
a fractional part of an entertainment
on "A night dedicated TO two or three
than delight in one To its fullest eX-
tent. Until the period of society :
busiest sessions Is heightened there will
be little opportunity FOR such compare
lively leisurely enjoyment.
1t Is one of the few marks Of con-
scrvatlsm in a social life not charac-
terized by this influence to any notable
extent that the social year continues Ia
keep to such well defined limits 1t he.
gins In the period before Christmas
fourlshes until Ash "Wednesday AMI
then for all its brilliant externals
comes to an end with that religion,
holiday. There are of course sporadic
and less elaborate entertainments often
with the excuse of benevolencc during
Lent, but 1t is with the first day of that
term that social activity practically
ends.
In this particular. society does not
change 1t increases every year in size
and the brillancy of it's manifestation.
is more striking. But the limits of it,
yearly continuance in New York seen
irretrieyahly fixed.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-04-11
Is This What Is Needed

Few men of affairs are better able
than MIR. FREDERICK W. WHITRiDGr.
president Of the Third Avenue Railway
Company of this city. to assert the ten
denotes of Government regulation Of
public utilities. lie has mind which
scorns pretence. As he has no desire
to deceive himself he cannot see why
the public should wish To be deceived
since the consequences Of political ac.
ton will he what II will he. This opin-
ion Of his is backed by very intense
experience with Government regulation
"The Interstate Commerce Commission
has proved to be worse than the Public
Service Commission. The only thing TO
clear the air is one or two great bank
ruptcies. We will get them
Everybody must hope that Mr.. wUir-
RIDGE IL mistaken. The shock Of large
disa ster should not he needed to show
the Interstate Commerce Commission
that II will cost the country infinitely
more II rate increases are denied IN
the Eastern railroad case than the
sum total OF the increases n granted
Neither should n disastrous occurrence
he an Indispensable requisite to hasten.
ing the comnii ssiOn's conclusion.
1t must be conceded. however. that
Mr.. WHITRIDGE has demonstrated a
mastery of the relations OF Government
regulation to economic enterprise which
entities his prediction to aTprchcnsive
respect.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-04-11

To THE EDITOR or THE SrN--Sirt A.
CordinE TO to-day's SIN Dr, Katherine y
Davis is asking rich women To work for
votes because the WORKING and profess
slonal women haven't time"
Dr. Davis is correct We haven't the
time. Bnt whore. may ! ask. are We
supposed to get the time To study mp the
complex Qu' stions of politics So that We
may use our votes intelligoutly" Where
shall We get the time to attenl.primarirs .
Voting Is only tho last and simplest part
Of an election
pr. DAVIS IS hardly logical, It seems ia
me-. unless she wishes Ia establish D.,
boss system" Of rich women and have
the working women merely rounded up
at the polls on election daN.
STENOGBAPuER.
BRooKIYN. Aprll Q,
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-04-11
MAYOR APPOINTS Is
TO STUDY TAXATION
Seeks Improvement in Wavs
and Means Of Creating
City Revenue.
PROMINENT MEN TO SERVE
Committee to Have Free Rein
for It's Inquiry Here
and Abroad.

Mayor Mitchell Yesterday appointed An
advisory committee of twenty-i,e ,...f,.
bers to be known as the Mayors taxation
committee. He outlined the committee.
task as follows;
II request you to make n compr. non.
sive and exhaustive study OF the several
methods of taxation in use here arl IN
other cities OF this country and abroad
and OF such methods and devices rs nt,a
been or may be during the conUuY.r.r
OF your Investigation suggested ds cal.
culated to effect an improvement boz ffe
ways and means Of creating revenue ".r
the payment of the cost Of the city 1oy
erument.'
The present members of the Board -
Taxes and Assessment are on tNc C.r
mittee. which is made up OF these men
Alfred f. Marling. Robert 8 BlubrrI
secretary Of the city Club; George GROIN
well, ex- Borough President Of IHchuoui
Frank Harvey Field, John y. Fraur1.i.
Frederick e. Howe. director OF tn" r,o-
pies Institute Hamilton Holt, editor -
the Independent. Prof. jeremiah "
jerks OF New York University, W1.te'
Lindner. Frederick c. Lcubuschor, cyrus
&. Miller. ex-Borough President Of Tie
Bronx Louis Heaton Pink. David Rum
sey, Oscar Il. Soi,z. Robert r.. Simon, T.
r. A. Seligman, +, $. Tomlir, lClos Z
Wilcox. Lawson Purdy, Charles I Nhtc,
John j. Halleran. Collin woodward e..
Mayor Ardolph l.. Kline. Frederic"
Shipley and George v Mulan.
In his letter to the committee
Mitchell said
II purposely refrain from drawing your
attention to any especial subject of ~.
oury preferring to give you the great
est measure of freedom in the work you
have so generously undertaken to perform
II is, think. quite unnecessary toi m'
to dwell upon the Importance TO the .om'
munity and indirectly to all other com.
munitics n the services you are ahou, 4"
render.
AS government gradually ASSUME r'"
burdens he city's problem of pi"' hs
/ revenue to meet the needs and sat sly t"
| desires of It's citizens becomes HulJH.. D.
more serious one. And IN the solution 20
| that problem IT must constantly b" i"'."
! in mind by those responsible for H." .' .
government that they are under a.. ra'y
| of seeing to 1t that the burdens o. 'tA-
ton fall not only evenly aud equally but
AZ lightly as possible upon thos" .
| bear them.
| II shall at once take the u'.'-,tty
steps to procure the allotment co. si .
| sum and such space IN th" MN. ga
/ Building as may be required for 'O. t'h'
/ mittees needs
The unsatisfactory tax situation H. 5
city engaged Mr. Mitchefs interest AZ
before he became Mayor. Whom IT," " T.
rick Schaap bill, which would have t.'
| unimI7roved real estate twice as mug. "i
buildings, and which was opposed Us ''
! estate men, failed in the Legislature NJ.
/ Mitchell Indicated that he would arp'". =
volunteer committee TO work out d =
entifc system.