The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1914-09-07
National Geographic Society's War Primer No. 3

600. Its industries are principally
iron works. machine shops. paper
factories and -four mills. Bromberg
holds an important strategic position.
being one of the defenses along the
Nistula river from the frontier town
of Thorn to the Gulf of Danzg. 1t
was Polish prior to 1927. when ii was
taken by the Germans. 1T was re-
taken by the Poles in l343, and dur =
ing the centuries that followed it suf-
fered so much from war and pest
lence that in 17T2, when the Germans
aEain took possession of it. its popula-
ton had fallen to less than 600 in
habitants. Later it was transferred
to the duehy of Warsaw. where it
remained until occupied by the Rus
slams IN 1873. Two years later II was
restored TO Prussia
ODER RIVER-One Of the most
important rivers of Germany, rising
in Austria-H Hungary and flowing
northwest through Breslau, Frank
furt and Stcttin to the Baltic sea. At
it's nearest point, it is t,irty-five miiea
from the heart of Berlin, to the
northeast About $50 miles Of it's
length are naviRa bic for barges The
Oder is heavily fortified IN its north
ern reaches and Is regarded as the
point OF final stand Of the German
~ q
from the east
PoSEN Capital of the province Of
Posen Prussia, situated in a wide and
sandy pla IN at the confluence OF the
CYhina and the Wharf.-The rivers, $50
miles cast of Berlin and thirty-fiv
miles fran the Russian Paias4A from
ter. The city LEG at the center of
a network of railroads connecting II
with Berlin, Bresiau, Thorn. Kreuz
T. Lsnta "A 4 l,l
lsfion in the sixteenth century reach
ed 10000. but sank to $4,000 in the
eighteenth century, Today, It has
approximately 10000 inhabitants
The inner line of Qualifications was re-
moved in 500 and the citv has been
com pletelY moderni2ed. Posen is the
Headquarters of the fifth army corps
and, in times of peace, has garri-
son of 5000 men The manufacture
ing Of machinery. spirits, furniture
sugar aud beer are It's principal in
duStries
OSTFRODE-An east Prussian
town of about 5000 inhabitants
SeNnnty -fvR- Va Hes by rail northeast
of Thorn and twenty miles west OF
4 Allenstein, on Lake Drewenz, and at
/ the junction Of lines to Memel. Elbins
and Schonsee. 1t Is thirty-thre,
miles north Of the Russian Poland
! boundary 0sterode has castle
built by the Teutonic knights in l270
The manufactures are machinery
beer. spirits and bricks.
ARIENBT' RG-A town In West
Prussia. few miles cast of the Wis
! tula river, and twenty miles south
Of the Gulf of Dan2ig. 1t Is situated
In fertile plain op the right bank
of the NoEat, tributary of the Wis
tula, and has population OF about
5000 1t contains large chemical
wool cleaning works, and Is the seat
Of important horse, cattle and wool
markets. For a century and n hall
II was the residence Of the grand mas
ters OF the Teutonic Order. reN-
eious organization which controlled
that region On the decline of that
orrer in the middle Of the fifteenth
~c~tury. their castle passed into the
bands of the Poles 1t was allowed
70 fall into decay by them. but has
been restored hy the Germans. and IS
/ now ono of the most important scci-
lar buildings dating from the middle
ages
NTGSBFRG--One of Germany 5
strongest fortified cities, with ponu-
lation of about 100000 The FORTH
cations, begun IN 1913, were not COM
pieted uatil 1905. They consist Of