The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1914-12-31

of president, although he soon announced
his purpose of turning over the executive
function to a provisional substitute and
himself becoming candidate.
On September % Villa declared war up
on the provisional president. The consti-
tutionalsts held a meeting at Mexico
City on October and refused to accept
their chiefs resignation. At conven-
ton of the party held at Aguas Calientes
on October IA, Carranza again presented
his resignation and a few days later Villa
promised to support a provisional presi-
dent named by the convention. At that.
Gen. Eulalio Gutierrez was appointed by
the convention, but Carranza refused to
recognize him. The new president ap-
pointed villa commander in chief of the
government forces and ordered him to
proceed at once against Carranza. As
Villa and his men neared the capital
Carranza and his soldiers withdrew.
On November % the American forces
were withdrawn from Vera Cruz and
soon afterward Carranza and his follow
ers took possession of the seaport. Villa
and Zapata united In support of the
Gutierrez interests, and the prospect of
peace in the immediate future Is far from
encouraging.
On December Is, 5000 United States
troops Were sent to Naco to stop continued
firing by the Mexican factions into United
States territory. The struggle between
the combatants in northern Mexico con-
tinues undated
Longest Congressional Session.
The first regular session OF the Sixty
third congress was the longest since that
great law-making body came into exist
ence-from December I, 1913, to October
"a, 1914. After the holiday recess both
branches were addressed by President
Wilson upon the regulation of corpora
lions. In his address the president recon-
mended the formation of a trade commits
sion, the doing away with interlocking di-
rectorates and holding companies, and an
antitrust law On January "a the senate
passed bill authorizing the government
to construct a railroad In Alaska. on
February IS the house passed the bill.
During this month, also, the admins
tration introduced measure into both
houses to establish a rural credit system
by means of cooperative banks. On Feb
ruary 8 a bill was introduced into both
branches which provided that the govern
ment might mine or lease on a royalty
basis certain coal lands in Alaska.
On March the president delivered an
other address to congress In the house
chamber, in which he urged the repeal
of the provision in the Panama Canal act
of August, 1912, exempting vessels en-
gagged in coastwse trade from the pay
ment of tolls. With a senate amendment
to the effect that the United States re-
linquished no rights under treaties with
Great Britain and with Panama. the tolls
repeal bill became law.
On April 90 the president again adj
dressed congress, giving the facts in the
Tampco affair and asking authority to
use force in compelling a settlement. Both
houses passed the necessary measures
without delay. On June the three
measures prominent in the presidents an
thrust legislation-the creation of a trade
commission, the Clayton bill and the rail-
road capitalization blll-were passed. but
it was not until August that the senate
adopted the measure creating a federal
trade commission. The Clayton antitrust
bill did not become law until October.
August both houses unanimously
adopted an amendment to the federal re-
serve act, by which the secretary of the
treasury was given power to issue addi-
tional bank currency in such amount as
would be necessary to protect the bust
ness situation and avoid financial panic
addressed congress, pointing out the need
of raising additional revenue to meet the
deficit causd by the decline in imports
due to the European war
The closing days of the congress passed
In an active effort conducted by members
from the cotton growing states to obtain
legislation for the retail of the growers
of the staple.
On October "a the first regular session
of the SiXty-third congress came to an
end.
American Government and Politics.
On January 2 Secretary McAdoo and
Secretary Houston began series of
hearings to determine where the new fed
eral reserve banks were to be established
The federal reserve bank system went in
to effect November 16. On January 10
the Washington authorities and the New
York, New Haven and Hartford railroad
officials came to an agreement by which
the railroad relinquished its trolley lines,
its control of the Boston and Maine. and
most of its steamship lines in order to
avoid further conflict with the Sherman
antitrust law. President Wilson nomi-
mated John Shelton Williams. then assis-
tant secretary of the treasury to be
comptroller of the currency and ex-officio
member Of the new federal reserve board
On January q the president signed an
important order which established a per
manent civil government in the Panama
Canal Zone. to go into effect April /. A
few days later he nominated Col George
w. Goethals to be first governor. On
February II the government brought suit
at Salt Lake city to compel the Southern
Pacific railroad to relinquish It's control
of the Central Pacific
In March government proceedings were
begun against two railroads: The inter-
state commerce commission accused the
Chicago, Milwaukee and St Paul road
with overstatement on income and other
financial Irregularities, and suit was
brought against the Lehigh Valley road
under the charge that 1t was monopoliz-
ing the anthracite coal industry through
subsidiary companies II this month, also,
the department OF justice announced that
n plan for breaking up the transportation
monopoly practiced by the New York,
New Haven and Hartford had been ar
ragged satisfactory to all parties.
Early in April the government met with
defeat In Its attempt to prove that the
Delaware, Lackawanna and Western road
and the COal-mining company of the same
name existed as an Illegal and monopolis-
tic combination. On April the commit
tee appointed for the purpose announced
that it had selected twelve federal re-
serve districts, with their central bank
ing cities. under the new currency law.
On June the American Thread COM
pany. which was proved to be a combina-
ton of manufacturers which practically
controlled the output, forestalled the ac-
ton contemplated by the department Of
justice by dlssoving. In June also. the
United States supreme court affirmed the
power of the interstate commerce com
mission to FIX rates and held that pipe
lines are common carriers and must carry
products at rates fixed by the commission