davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-09-12
Diseases of Sheep.

What are the principal diseases Of
sheep, and how can they best be pre-
vented? A. c.
Chatham
The most fatal disease of sheep is
is the best-known remedy. 1t may be
used in any form, preferably the
stems or the dust, but even the
cheaper grades of smoking tobacco
will serve the purpose. Place it with
their salt in boxes where they have
access to II at all times. From two
to four quarts per week Is a suffi-
Gent amount for forty ewes. Tho
worms are in the intestines of the
mature sheep. They pass out in
spring with the Weddings and con-
tamminate the grass of the pasture,
which, eaten by the lambs, affects
them. They, being weaker, are in"
jured and often die from this cause.
Grub in the head Is another trouble,
but not serious one. The fly lays
these grubs on the sleeps nostrls
in August. They crawl into the nasal
sheep in the spring. Many times
sheep are said to have died. from a
grub in the head, but the more
prevalent cause is lack of grub" in
the stomach, those that are we'll fed
rarely suffering from this trouble
Smearing their noses in late summer
with tar or placing salt in boxes
protected by a pole smeared with 1t
will do much to prevent entrance Of
the grub.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-09-12
Curing the Gapes.

What will cure poultry OF gapes2
Newark. r. "
A common method of trearmo
chickens suffering from gapes is 70
thrust a horsehair or stiff thread
saturated in turpentine down tho
windpipe. The turpentine kills and
loosens the worms, making it easIe,
for the horsehair or thread TO catch
and Withdraw them. Frequently sew.
eral applications Of horsehair and
turpentine are needed in order To %,
all the worms. Many times thew ARR
loosened by the turpentine and later
coughed up by the chickens
Another and easier method of treat.
ment has been recommended. hut II
is somewhat more dangerous than ths
horsehair and turpentine Place
twenty-five or thirty chickens in q
small box covered with burlap. This
box should then be filled with fumes
from burning tobacco stems, supplied
through a small opening in the bot-
tom, which is fitted over small fire.
box containing the burning stems
The chickens should be watched care.
fully and removed from the box az
soon as they show signs OF OK.
hauStion, otherwise the fumes win
overcome and kill them as well as fhs
worms. The fumes kin and loosen
the worms, which are then coughed
out by the chickens.
Ground on which chickens suffering
from gapes have run should not be-
used the following season, but a fresh
piece Of land chosen. 1t is we'll also
to feed the young chickens strong
onions or garlic, ground fine and fed
raw or mixed with other food and
given in their regular ration. The
use OF onions or garlic before the
worms have appeared often prevents
them from gaining a foothold suffi.
Gent to seriously hamper the growth
OF the chickens.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-09-12
TOBACCO STEMS
ASFERT|L|zERS

Should the demand of Europe for
American tobacco stems cease these
stems, which contain large quantities
of plant food especially potash, may
be used to good advantage by the
American grower of tobacco as ferti-
lizer. Soil fertilized by these stems
secured from the cigar and tobacco
factories and stemmeries will pro-
duce leaf tobacco of better burning
qualities and texture.
Tobacco stems as fertilizer should
be applied in smaller quantities than
manure because they contain larger
quantities of the constituents which
feed the plant, according to the de-
partment's tobacco specialists. Two
tons per acre of "seed stems" (stems
from cigar factories) or two and a
half tons of "Kentucky stems
(stems from the tobacco factories
and stemmeries) are known to give
good results in New England and.
so far as available. these stems will
undoubtedly furnish very salts
factory source of potash as well as
other plant foods, in other tobacco
sections.
Considerable quantities of tobacco
stems have long been exported TO
Germany and other parts of Europe,
Nltlo lItN dtt Olltu uSpu IN the
manufacture Of low grade smoking
tobacco and as a source of nicotine
Tobacco stalks which are not re-
! moved from the farm under pre-
vailing methods are not always used
to the best advantage as fertilizer.
Like the stems, they contain consid
cradle quantities of valuable plant
! food Though not so much) and NAV
be used freely as fertilizer for to-
bacco and other crops. They NAV
be profitably used to improve the
hay lot by simply spreading the
| stalks over the land in the fall on
they may be plowed under at the
same season for cultivated crops
such as cotton, corn, tobacco. etc
| The practise of piling tobacco stalks
in heaps and leaving them exposed ID
the weather means waste Of yahu.
able material that might be returned
to the soil. The practise of burninp
| them is also wasteful unless thew arc
| infected by such n serious disease as
| the Granville wilt.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-09-12
Help Record Flower Behavior

In the study of ornamental plants
being conducted by the department of
agriculture, as much information as
possible is desired as to the actual
behavior of plants in different locali-
ties. With this in view. a form for
the recording OF the desired informa-
ton has been prepared, which will
be supplied, to anyone signifying a
Willingness to cooperate in the work.
The information asked for covers
the time of opening and dropping of
leaves and flowers, and coloring and
dropping of the fruits when there
are any. Those willing to report in
formation of this character viii
please write to f. l.. Milford, Land
scape Gardener, Department OF Agri-
culture, Washington, D. c.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-09-12
1T COSTS TOO MUCH TO
CLEAR LOGGED-OFF LAND

have been removed it is considered
best to put the land into pasture for
several years. On hardwood land
green stumps are much more difficult
to remove than those which have been
allowed to rot for SIX or seven years,
and pine stumps are gradually worked
out of the ground by the settling of
the land and the heaving action OF
the frost. The practice of narrowing
and sowing the land, either lmmedi-
ately after burning or In the spring,
Ia therefore very general. Sprout
growth, the great drawback to this
system, must, however, be kept down
vigorously and this requires hard
work. Dairy herds are now found
useful in this respect.
When the time comes to turn the
pasture into crop-bearing land the
farmer has the choice of four
methods: First, explosives; second,
explosives used In connection with
stump pullers; third, stump
pullers alone, and fourth, pow
er machines. His choice will
depend on the nature of
soil and stumps, but il will not often
be possible for him to ignore the use
of explosives. On heavier soils they
are particularly efficient They dc
their work thoroughly and quickly
but they do not require a large force
of men and the expenditure involved
| can be spread over as long a time as
suits the farmers convenience. The
| expense can also be materially lessen
| ed by cooperative purchases oil
wholesale lots. Moreover dynamite
containing only 20 or 80 per cent
nitroglycerine Is often fully as effec'
| tive as the more expensive kinds will
| higher percentages OF nitroglycerine
| frequently considered necessary.
On lighter soils and with well-de
cayed stumps, pulling machines are
sometimes substituted satisfactorily
| for explosives. The tripod type
which lifts the stump vertically, IL
more powerful, but also more trouble.
some than the capstan which pull:
| from the side The capstan can pull
an acre or more of stumps without
being reset, but at the same time j
may be successfully resisted by a
stump that would not offer the leas
trouble to a tripod, which, however
must be reset for every stump 1t pulls
| On large tracts of land a power ma
chine with an efficient crew may d.
the best work of all, but such al
outfit can only be employed econom'
| ically on large operations.
Naturally the cost of this worl
varies greatly. The department In
vestigators found indeed that II coulC
be as low as S. and as high as $40
an acre. The quantity of secont
growth and logs, the kind of stump'
and the time that has lapsed since
| logging, the size and number o
stumps per acre, and the characte
| of the soil are all determining factors
Hardwood which when green is yer!
expensive to remove, decays in tim'
SO that 1t offers little difficulty; ON tn
other hand white pine and Norwa.
pine will not decay in fifty years
| Again hardwood land is likely to con
tain many more stumps to the acr
than white Sline areas,
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-09-12

Why don't you have a greenhouse
of your own? In almost every back
yard there is room for one. Steam
and hot water heating are much
more generally in use than formerly,
and as in the majority of cases the
greenhouse may be heated from the
plant" already installed in the
house, the problem Of heating does
not offer so many difficulties as it
used to. As heat for the greenhouse
viii be required mostly at night,
wnen net a great deal will be required
for the house, the combination works
very well; it is practically making
use of q by-product of the house,
heating expense and turning il into
a source of revenue.
1t is the unbounded pleasure and
not the inconsiderable profit which
you can get out of a greenhouse Of
your own that makes it most worth
while to go to the trouble-if, indeed,
IL is a trouble, and not a good deal
Of fun-and the expense Of putting
it up. In a small house-say twenty
to twenty-five feet long and fifteen
feet wide-you can grow this winter
an abundant supply of beautiful
flowers for cutting, such as carna-
tions, snap-dragons (antirrhinums),
calais, mignonette, stocks and the
other numerous splendid things
which will prosper with such tempera-
ture and care as the careful anna
| teur may give; and also as many
pots or pans" of bulbs-narcissi,
hyacinths, tulips, etc.-as you may
want from time to time to decorate
your own house, or to present to
friends. In addition, you can carry
over from your fall garden many ia
vorite flowers which would otherwise
be lost; for even the most loving
and enthusiastic gardener can find
room for but very limited supply
of plants In a window garden, and
1t is difficult to maintain there the
proper degrees of temperature and
| moisture. And then there is all the
fun of making your slips or cut
| tings" by the dozen, and roofing and
potting them under just the right con-
| ditions, so that you may have an I'M
limited supply of geraniums, hello
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-09-12
right WAY OF.
COOLING MILK

The milk in the top of the can just
above the water level in the cooling
vat cools much more slowly than the
milk that is below that level, accord
ing to experiments just completed by
the dairy division of the United States
department of agriculture. The
warmer milk in the top of the can
does not circulate naturally with the
cold milk at the bottom. The cold
milk being heavier than the warm,
will remain at the bottom of the can,
while the warmer, and therefore
lighter portion, will remain at the top,
and practically no circulation will
take place The transfer of heat in
this case is very slow; moreover, the
milk around the sides of the can cools
much more quickly than that in the
centre of the can. 1t, therefore, is i'm
portant to stir the milk While cooling.
In experiments made with cans
where the top of the milk was above
the water level 1t was found that the
milk above that level remains from
five to six degrees warmer than the
portion below the level. Bacteria con-
sequently will develop at o higher
rate in the top of the milk, and when
later the milk is mixed, the souring
of the whole canful will be fastened
both by reducing the temperature of
! the whole and also by the increased
number of bacteria in the warmer
portion.
In the experiments all the cans were
cooled by the same method. The milk
| in some of the cans was stirred every
! fifteen minutes, while that in others
was not. The water iii the cooling
tank was 62.6 degrees Fahrenheit.
The milk that was stirred cooled from
nearly 80 degrees to slightly above
| 80 degrees in three hours. The uu-
stirred milk did not get down to a
similar temperature for four hours
and fifteen minutes. Meanwhile, in
the unstirred mi k all the milk above
the water level in the running water
was to degrees warmer The
comparatively rapid decrease in tenn
perature when the milk was thor
oughly stirred at intervals OF fifteen
minutes demonstrates the advantage
of agitating the milk while cooling.
The advantage of stirring is en-
phasized by the fact that at the time
the milk was stirred the temperature
| of the room was over 6 per cent
warmer than was the case when the
unstirred milk was put into the rum
, ming water. The time taken TO COO
the milk in either case, however, Ii
too great for good results, and the
test served best to demonstrate the
necessity of employing some form OF
milk cooler suitable for farm use and
more efficient than running wei
| water.
Where ice is plentiful and may bs
| had at nominal cost ii Is easy TO re-
duce the temperature of the milk ts
| 40 degrees Fahrenheit. This may b'
done by running the milk or cream
over some form of cooler around
which cracked ice or mixture of ic'
and salt is placed, or through which
ics water is circulated.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-09-12
NOW is THE TIME TO SELECT
SEED CORN FOR NEXT SEASON

Autumn is the time to prepare for
season. At this time the seed Is most
abundant and the very best can be
obtained before it has been in any
way reduced in vitality. Many let the
opportunity pass, expecting to pur-
chase their seed corn in the spring,
but the Department of Agriculture's
specialist in charge of corn investiga-
ton advises that the autumn is the
best time to select good seed.
The best place for the farmer to
obtain seed corn is from fields on his
own farm, or in his neighborhood,
that were planted with a variety
which has generally proved most sue
cessfui in that locality. OF course, il
community has an experienced and
honest corn breeder on whom it may
rely the seed corn may be obtained
from him.
The corn breeder who has dem
onstrated year after year the SUI
periority of his corn will demand q
special price for his superior seed
, Such corn breeders are improving
corn as cattle breeders have improved
| cattle. He has used special methods
that farmers generally have not timt
to apply. Five dollars bushel Ii
not too much to pay, and will be
| profitable bargain for both parties.
| BY far too many consider seed goot
| simply because it Will grow. To b'
| first class seed must be:
| 1. Well adapted to the seasonal ant
| soil conditions where it is to be
planted,
2. Grown on productive plants of 1
| productive variety.
/ NraIt 4 II cd fro
| ripening time till planting time in
manner that will retain it's full vigor
The importance of the three require
| ments just enumerated has beel
| demonstrated experimentally by tn
| departments office of corn investiga
| tons. The results given briefly, a
| enumerated are as follows:
l. For series of five years twelv
| well-bred varieties were tested in tel
| Northern States, equivalent lots o
seed being used in each State. Varie
ties that produced most in som
States were among the poorest i
others.
/ 2. Seed ears taken from the highes
yielding rows of ear-to-row breedin
plats have repeatedly produced bette
than seed ears taken from poore
yielding rows. Seed ears from tn
best producing stalks found in a gen
eraI field produced more than see
ears taken without considering tn
productiveness of the parent stalks.
4 3. -Four bushels of ears were divide
into two equal parts, one part bein
well taken care of and the othe
placed in a barn, as corn is ordinaril
cribbed. The well-preserved seed CAV
a yield on poor soil IL per cen
higher than the poorly preserve
and 81 per cent. higher on fertile sol
Notwithstanding the fact that bot
lots of seed terminated equally wei
At corn-r ipening time drop all othe
business and select an abundance {
seed corn. The process is too impori
, ant to be conducted incidentally Will
| husking. When selecting seed cor
give the process y2ur entire after
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-09-12

tropes, lemon verbenas and all the
other old favorites for your next
years garden, and for gifts, or sales,
to your neighbours. You will be able
to grow from seed the late Towering
ANIMALS, such as cosmos, and q host
of perennlals, which will flower the
first year from seed, If sown early
enough--February or March, under
glass-which were never available
before.
Vegetables can BE Raised.
And all this is ignoring the vege-
table side of the garden. Lettuce
and radishes through the winter may
be followed by tomatoes and cucum-
bers in the spring; or both may be
grown all the year round, If the
house has a cross partition, enabling
one to maintain higher temperature
in part of 1t. The garden outside
will be set ahead by weeks. With
paper dirt-bands and square pots,
you can have your early vegetables
not only started, but half-grown;
lettuce and cabbage beginning to
head up, tomatoes, with the first
clusters of fruit we'll started when
you set them out. and hills of melons,
sweet corn, pole beans, etc, with
three or four weeks start. And the
greenhouse Will ne JhoA Go ClltIAiNC All
increasing the efficiency of your cold
frames. You can set into them half
grown plants at the time you would
otherwise be starting your first batch
of seeds, getting the finished prod
ucts" six to eight weeks earlier.
What sort of greenhouse should be
built?
That is a question the answer to
which depends upon personal taste
and the particular requirements and
advantages of each individual case,
as much as does the bui ding of the
house itself. If one wants to try the
thing out as an experiment, a neat,
practical little ''lean-to' type of
house, with either regular sash or
permanent roof, may be built against
q south wall at a modest expense.
Such a house, if kept we'll painted
and in good repair should last ten to
| twenty years.
! If the greenhouse is to be attached
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-09-12

Caveds shrdlu cmfwyp shrdluupdr
Within the next twenty-five years
II is estimated that most OF the re-
naming merchantable timber In
Minnesota Michigan and Wisconsin
will be logged Off. This means that
in many counties there Will be
change from numbering to farming,
and that the problem of clearing
economically the logged-off land VIII
assume even greater Importance. Al
the present time there arc nearly
twelve million acres of such land IN
Michigan, approximately as much in
Minnesota, and something less than
eleven million in Wisconsin. me
greater part of these millions oil
acres is not only utterly useless now,
but, on account of the danger OF IRE,
an actual menace
Hitherto the development OF these
lands for agricultural purposes mas
been seriously retarded by the hiBh
cost of clearing. A recent inVestlga-
tlon conducted by the United States
department of agriculture. the re,
suits of which have Just been pup
lished in Bulletin 81, Cost and
Methods OF Clearing Land in the Lake
states" reveals the fact that this cost
runs from 500 to $50 an acre. Little
logged -off land desirable for Farming
purposes can be had for less than Sln
or SOS an acre, and the total cost OF
cleared land varies, therefore, from
s35 to $l15 The average, the IN
vestigators found, was 500 an acre,
This, when the expense or other
necessary improvements is taken INTO
consideration, is more than equaly
~. ~ GnTfinn4 can
he bought for. In view of these facts
the proper disposition of other logged
off areas becomes an important prob
lem.
In the first place, as a protection
to the settler, the Investigators recon-
mend that in every tract sold py iaho
oornpanies, there should be at least
ten acres cleared and ready Tor the
plough. This will enable the farmer
TO raise hay and other crops while
putting the logged-off land INTO CON
dition for the most economlcaI re-
fnoval of the stumps, for clearing can
, be done much more cheaply after the
ground has been in pasture Tor sew
eral years. .
Second growth, the Investigators as
aert must be regarded as source o,
expense rather than income In a
few places IL may be possible to ais
pose OF it to charcoal and wood
extract companies, pulp mills or min
ing companies, but in general IL does
not pay to haul the wood more thar
four OF i've miles, and in practice II
is usually the fact that the SECOND
growth has no value except as nre'
wood for the settlers personal use
The brush should be cut close te
the ground when in full leaf, heaped
into compact piles and burned as soor
after logging as possible. On account
of the danger Of the fire spreading
however, the local or state fire war
den should be consulted before tbs
actual burning Is attempted
After the brush and SECOND gTowtl
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-09-12

ton. Get the very best that is to be
had and preserve it well. and your
increased yields will return you more
profit than any other work you can
do on your farm.
The only proper way to select seed
corn is from the stalks standing where
they grew. as soon as ripe and be-
fore the first hard freeze.
As soon as the crop ripens go
through the field with picking
bags and husk the ears from the
stalks that have produced the most
corn without having any special adj
vantages, such as space, moisture or
fertility. Avoid the large ears on
stalks standing singly with an I'M
usual amount of space around them.
Preference should be given the plants
that have produced most heavIIy IN
competition with a full stand OF less
productive plants.
In all localities the inherent ten
dency of the plant to produce heavily
of sound, dry, shelled corn is of most
Importance.
I.ate-maturing plants with ears
which are heavy because of an ex-
cessive amount of sap should be ig-
nored Sappiness greatly increases
the weight and is likely to destroy
! the quality. In many sections this
| fact is not sufficiently appreciated.
In the Central and Southern States
all other things being equal, short
thick stalks are preferable. Short
stalks are not so easily blown down
and permit thicker planting. Thick
stalks are not so easily broken down
and in general are more productive
than slender ones.
rJHi. FOR nnr n mr. In fae
suckers is hereditary. Other things
being equal, seed should be taker
from stalks that have no suckers.
The same day seed corn is gathered
the husked ears should be put in 6
dry place where there Is free circu
lation of air and placed in such 6
manner that the ears do not toucf
each other. Good seed is often ruined
because it is thought dry enough
when gathered, and the precautioi
| mentioned is considered unnecessary
Many farmers believe that thei
autumns are so dry that such carr
is superfluous. Seed corn in ever.
locality gathered at ripening tim'
will be benefited by drying as sug
gested. IL left in the husk long afte
i ripening il may sprout or mildev
/ during warm. wet weather or becom
infested with weevils.
The vitality of seed is often re
duced by leaving it in a sack or in
pile for even a day after gathering
During warm weather, with SOM
i moisture in the cobs and kernels, tn
ears heat or mildew in a remarkably
short time.
The Department Of Agriculture ha
a bulletin that gives in detail tn
best manner Of treatment for cor
..
also describes how seed corn shoul
be stored during the winter and test
: of the termination of seed corn. TIL
bulletin may be had free by thos
who request Farmers Bulletin NJ
}, AIS, on Seed Corn" from the depart
/ ments Division of Publication
: washington, p. G