davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-05-05
GROWING MILLET HAY
BY A. M. SOULE.

Millet can frequently be grown as
catch crop when other important
crops have failed. AS most varieties
Of this crop natures in from 60 to 80
days It can often follow wheat or
other winter cereals. There are many
varieties of millet on the market. but
only few of these show exceptional
merit. Among the best varieties are
German. Japanese and Hungarian,
which made in recent tests, an average
yield Of hay Of 1856, $50, and 2.42
tons. respectively. The principal OBJ
lection to the Japanese Is the coarse
ness Of the stalks, which prevent its
being eaten with as much relish as the
finer stemmed varieties.
That large quantity of fine quality
hay can be obtained by growing millet
and cutting when the seed Is in the
early dough stage is admitted by all.
and owing to the difficulty of main
tanning live stock in many sections.
because of the scarcity and nigh price
of hay, 1t is surprising that this crop
Is not more extensively cultivated.
Timothy hay, for instance. which Is
regarded as the standard. contains
6.S per cent of protein, 1915 per cent
of fiber. SIT per cent of fat. Hun
garian grass contains 81 per cent of
protein, 80 per cent Of fiber, 53.1 per
cent Of nitrogen free extract. and 2.3
per cent of fat. Millet hay, If prop
erly made and cured, thus contains
more nutri1nent per ton than timothy
and it is generally recognized that mil
let can be cultivated successfully on
thousands of acres of land to which
timothy is not at all adapted. More
over, there is marked divergence be-
tween the yields of the two crops, as it
is not unusual to obtain from to S
tons of cured millet hay, as compared
with / or tons OF timothy. The
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-05-05
BY G. WILLIS

in the preservative. The principle is
simple. During the heating the high
temperature causes the air and water
contained in the wood cells to expand,
so that portion of this air and
water is forced out. The rest contracts
as the subsequent cooling progresses,
and a partial vacuum is formed, into
which atmospheric pressure forces the
cool preservative.
The open-tank principle may be
variously applied In the treatment OF
posts. The best way to heat the posts
Is to immense their butts in creosote
maintained at temperature OF 220
degrees F. If single tank is used
the cooling bath may be given by per-
uniting the temperature to fall. and IN
this case the preservative must, OF
course. be used for the hot bath. 1t
is better, however. to employ an add1-
tional tank containing the cold pres
ervative. If two tanks are used and
thorough impregnation Of the top
of the post is desired, the cold bath
tank should be large enough to per-
nit the soaking Of the entire post.
The top Of the post will not be too
heavily impregnated. because 1t has
not been immersed in the hot oil.
Creosote is usually the most satisfac-
tory preventative. With two tanks,
crude petroleum o. any heavy (high-
boiling) oil may be used in the hot
bath tank.
For treatment with creosote, some
Importance attaches to the size and
the form of the posts. The removal of
the bark and the seasoning of the
wood before treatment are essential
for success. Large posts are unneces-
sary, II proper proservative treatment
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-05-05

made more compact by the addition
of humus aside from this the physical
condition can not be changed. Where
irrigation is practiced. by growing
cover crops and supplying artificial
moisture, many commonly supposed
poor soils can be made to give good
returns.
To no small degree the success Of
orcharding depends upon good Guilt
walton and proper handling of the soil.
To have healthy plant growth, GER
tain amount of oxygen must be in the
soil. This oxygen Is formed in the air.
Again, good preparation should deepen
the soil, increasing the feeding sur
face. all the more encouraging roots
to strike deeply and bringing the
moisture up from the water table.
BY having the soil particles small the
water is enabled to rise. Thus. in the
feeding area of the soil we have set
more plant food free and we also have
plenty Of moisture. These two points
are very essential, as the only way
plant food can enter the roots is in
the form Of solution. Water must
be present. This solution entering the
roots rises to the leaves, where the
food is retained for future use and the
water Is given off. The more moist
ure that enters the plant, the more
food is deposited.
In summer our object Is to pulverize
two or three inches on the surface
as finely as possible to prevent the
moisture from evaporating from the
SOIL The nearer we bring the top
soil to the condition of road dust the
better will be our results. The fine
SOL prevents the water from passing
through it. If we stopped with the
spring cultivation. the soil after each
rain would bake the crust and it would
crack open. letting out the moisture.
Summer cultivation also keeps down
the weeds, and this is we'll worth
while. as weeds pump out an enor-
nous amount of water from the soil.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-05-05
FOR CLEAN MILK.

With clean cows and clean stables.
the next step should be clean mixer
and to be clean mixer does not nee
essarily mean that man must wear
white duck suit: but, it does mean
that he must have clean hands and
clean clothes. The mixer himself
must be neat in his methods Of milk
ing and keep the utensils clean and
sweet. Nothing is of more impor-
lance to healthy cows than to have
plenty of pure. fresh air and every
dairyman should give it to his COWS
in abundance.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-05-05
Farm Asparagus Bed

Asparagus is not hard to grow and
we know of no other vegetable that
will give more satisfactory results II
we'll cared for
AS an asparagus bed has to be set
out only once it is, therefore, very
necessary to use the greatest care in
giving the plants start.
Pillow the ground deeply as early
as possible in the spring and mix with
it an abundance Of well-rotted ma
nure.
This should be done three or four
days before planting and a strong
fertilizer should never be put next to
the plants because it often destroys
them
The rows should be about six feet
apart and the plants should be set
10 inches deep. Set out only strong,
one-year-old roots.
Press the soil about them and as
the plants begin to come up, throw
little dirt into the burrows to
smother the weeds and keep the soil
loose around the plants. Gradually
fiji the rows until the ground is level
The weeds must be kept from the
plants for two years; then not much
further care Is necessary.
Cutting may begin the third year,
for perhaps 80 days, but not longer.
After that. asparagus may be cut up
to the middle of June or perhaps a
little later.
If your bed shows large growth
of tops in the fall you may be sure
of good crop the next spring.
When plants are old enough to
cut the tops should be cut off very
early in the spring almost down to
the crowns of the roots and then as
they start to grow again the roots
should be ridged about eight or ten
inches above the level Of the ground
The plants will push their way
through this ridge In very few days
and will continue to grow vigorously
A wet heavy black soil is not good
for asparagus. as it does better or
sandy loan.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-05-05

There is no question but that a COW
will produce more milk If fed grain
while on pasture, and If large yield
is Of more Importance than economy
of production, grain should be fed.
The cow that gives small average
quantity Of milk will produce but little
more if fed grain while on pasture.
The necessity Of feeding grain to the
high producing cow arises from the
fact that she cannot secure sufficient
amount of nutrlments from the grass
alone and must have some concen-
trating feed in the form Of grain. The
question is one which the farmer must
datarn,ine for himself for actual test.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-05-05

There are several methods by which
timbers may be given thorough preser-
vative treatment. The surface OF the
wood may be soaked with paint or
some similar substance. Such coat
ing keeps the wood dry, and more or
less effectually excludes the entrance
of, the decay-producing organisms.
Such coatings, however, should be ap-
oiled to only well-seasoned material.
since they will also tend to retard
the escape of such moisture as may
be already within the timber. Better
personalities are the products or the
distillation of coal tar and petroleum
tar, which, in addition to possessing
the advantages of paint. are anu
septics and poisonous to fungi. Inc
deeper such antiseptics penetrate the
wood the more lasting Is their erect.
It is well known that wood decays
most rapidly when placed IN contact
with the surface of the ground, be-
cause the Notwithstanding organisms
find there more uniform conditions OF
heat and moisture to encourage their
development. For this reason the
ground line Of a post must be thor
oughly treated. whereas portions of
the post above and below this point
REQUIRE less treatment. The climate
of the locality should also be con-
sidered In the warm Gulf states or
in a moisture-laden atmosphere posts
require more thorough treatment than
in a cooler northern climate or on the
arid plains.
The impregnation of fence posts
with creosote is best accom- plished by
the so-caned "open-tank" process.
This consists of heating the wood for
certain period and then cooling 1t
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-05-05
RIGHT KIND OF ORCHARD SOIL
BY G. LEWIS.

The opinion Is quite prevalent that
fruit trees will grow and flourish In
almost any kind Of SOIL This theory.
however, appears to be wrong, for
fruit trees. to put forth their best
efforts, require a soil Of good quality,
as much so as do the smaller crops
such as grains, corn, potatoes, etc.
Where such crops thrive, some fruits
are found to do equally well. Good
soils vary In many particulars but they
should be fertile, that is, contain the
necessary elements for plant growth.
The soil should be deep and mellow II
best results are desired. Depth Is
indeed a very important factor in sue
cessful fruit growing, because the root
systems Of the trees require plenty OF
room for good development Young
trees will thrive for a time on shallow
soils but sooner or later they will be-
come Improbable. as 1t is impossible
for them to obtain the maximum de-
velopment in such soils
Tho question is sometimes asked.
what is mean by good soil?" From
the chemical point of view we would
make the following classification:
Poor soils contain about 10 per cent
Of potash, .o5 per cent phosphoric
acid, = per cent lime, .05 per cent
nitrogen. Productive soils: rs per
cent potash, Il per cent phosphoric
acid. & pAr cent lime. L per cent nit
rogen. Excellent soils: .S5 per cent
potash, as per cent phosphoric acid.
10 per cent lime, q per cent nitrogen.
From the physical point of view it is
harder to say what constitutes the
best soil. but there are certain proper
ties that we ind desirable. First, it
should be deep. the deeper the better.
It should contain enough sand and
gravel to allow one to till it easily. 1t
should have good drainage. It should
contain enough clay to make 1t good
moisture and plant food retainer, and
should contain at least per cent
humus.
Nitrogen is an element which
teaches very easily from the soil and
this explains to large degree the
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-05-05
Hog Cholera
Protection of Uninfected Territory.

A farmer living in uninfected terri
tory and who wishes to increase his
herd should do so if possible by rails
ing his own stock or buying from the
immediate neighborhood where he can
be sure there has been no cholera.
There can be no assurance or entire
safety to the neighborhood If hogs are
shipped In any stock car or pass
through any stockyards or have had
any real serum-virus treatment. DOC
tored" virus is being sent out by some
commercial firms. This is safe II sur
ficiently "doctored"; but 1t Is OF no
use so far as comforting immunity is
Commonwealth. II. Reynolds.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-05-05
Deep Burrows
BY GUM
BY GUM

II the dinner bell is still the sweet
est music In your ears. you have
small need for worrying about your
stomach.
A tight shoe turneth away pleasant
thoughts.
waiting to use the telephone to give
some neighbor calling down dons
not hurt the telephone and it's :
great deal safer for the speaker.
II some folks only lived up to the
very good opinion they have Of them
selves, they certainly would be busy
If YOUR wife can run the automobile
she can do the errands in town and
thus spare you the fatigue OF the
trip. An automobile is certainly =
good thing.
If a sunshade on the riding plow
will contribute to your comfort. put
it on.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-05-05
BY F.. FL. BALLOU

accurately weighed in each and every
rate of planting. In the 10 bushels
per acre rows one-eye seed pieces
were used; in the Is bushels per acre.
two eyes; in the rs bushels per acre,
half tubers; and in the 40 bushels per
acre. whole tubers.
It was interesting to note the differ
ence between the young plants of the
different sections. as they pushed up
through the soil in due time after
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-05-05

In response to numerous inquiries
regarding the planting Of different
quantities of seed potatoes per acre, a
series of important tests were made In
Ohio to determine what the difference
was, II any. The experiments were
conducted with the utmost care and
interest
In the first year were used 10. Is,
rs and 40 bushels per acre. The seed
pieces we're very carefully cut and
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-05-05

When a COW stops chewing her cud
and shrnks away from the man VINO
is milking her you may be sure that ne
is not a good mixer. He is either
using too much force or else ne is
Jerking the udder unnecessarily. In
either case he needs a few lessons IN
IT, art of gentle milking.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-05-05

Some feeders say that sheep thrive
b e er by being fed on the
ground but we do not believe It. It
is certainly a wasteful method. It Is
better business to feed in the racks In
the stalls
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-05-05

Young chicks start slower on
diet Of whole grain but develop better
digestive capacity and later will stand
heavier feeding and develop better
than those kept too long on diet of
ground feed. 3
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-05-05
velopn1ent.

small percentage found in some soils.
Each grower must, to a certain degree,
study his own soil from a chemical
standpoint by experimenting on a
small scale with commercial fertilizers,
cover crops, etc. The fact that a soil
runs deficient in a certain element
after all is not e. very great drawback,
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-05-05

not seeded thickly. the stalks become
coarse and are not well reIished by
live stock, a fact which should not be
overlooked. Since such large yields
may be obtained with millet in the
south. even though the crop may draw
heavily on the plant food In the soil,
it would bring sufficient revenue 70
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-05-05

as 1t is comparatively easy. in the ma
jority of cases, to supply the lacking
element: but the physical condition of
the soil Is indeed very important as 1t
Is hard to change it materially While
a heavy soil can be made lighter by
the addition Of humus and careful
methods Of handling, and a light soil
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-05-05

SThe modern dairy COW must be han
died with understanding ana her
owner must have knowledge OF her
wants and make every effort 70 suppy
them.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-05-05

Asparagus requires great deal OF
fertilizer and this should be put on
very early in the spring or any time
during the season.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-05-05

value of millet hay will, Of course.
depend somewhat on the variety sown'
the richness Of the soil and the thick
ness of seeding. Thick seeding is de-
sirable with millet, though we prefer
to plant in drills rather than scatter
the seed broadcast. If the millet IS
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-05-05

In the generality of cases heifers
with their first calf do not show as
high a test of butter fat as they 40
ti,ra aga
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-05-05

The pure bred mare Is good in-
vestment to the small farmer and II
he will allow her to share the work
Of the place she will do nearly as
much work as a gelding and raise
good colt besides.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-05-05

The man who claims he never makes
a mistake Is either blind with egotlsm
or liar-Senerally both.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-05-05
BY H. L. RUSSELL

radishes, both plants high in sulphur,
sulphur fertilization had marked
effect on the yield Of dry matter.
With rape grown under greenhouse
supplying sulphur fertil-
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-05-05

There is more money in good
mixer than any other man on the
farm.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-05-05

Ten chicks. when just Matched.
weigh about one pound.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-05-05

It doesn't pay to feed duck after
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1914-05-05

izer Gypsum, or land plaster), IN
addition to nitrogen, potassium, ana
phosphorus gave an increase OF oveE
80 per cent in the dry matter OF tho
crop.
The Clio messenger., 1914-10-09
TAYMoUTH

r. Thomas visited his sister, Mrs.
Thos. Reid, Sunday.
Mr.. and Mrs. G. Winn visited their
daughter near Clio, Sunday.
Mrs. Geo. Diffin and Mrs. Chas Green
and daughter, Helen Elizabeth, visited
at G. w Smiths, Sunday. a
Rev. Vending Hastings will preach
on Christianity and the European war
next Sunday in the Presbyterian church.
The Ladies' Aid is postponed for one
week on account of Saginaw county
fair. Will be held at Mrs. d. d. Ross
on Thursday, Oct. Is.
The funeral of Era Loomis was held
from Cooks church last Friday, Rev.
Vending Hastings, from Saginaw,
officiated. 1t was one of the largest
and saddest funerals ever held there,
The flowers were profuse and beautiful
The Clio messenger., 1914-10-09
Mt. Morris.

James McGinty spent Sunday in Flint.
Lizzie Costello visited friends at Flint,
Saturday.
Archie Bray has just finished two
large silos sn his farm, west of the
village.
Mrs. James Russell, who had her
shoulder broke about month ago, was
able to be out Sunday.
Miss Lizzie Murry, who has been
visiting her sister, Mrs. James Russell,
the past two months, returned to her
home in Chicago, Friday.
M. d. Cashin was kicked by horse
last Saturday, his left arm being broken
in three places DR.. McMeekin, of Sag
inaw, set the arm, and Mr.. Cashin is as
comfortable as could be expected.
Mrs. VIM. Pliter and Miss Frances
Cashin entertained ten young ladies
Thursday evening, in honor of Miss
Julia Hughes, whose marriage to Ed.
Kearns takes place next Wednesday
morning, October Ia, at st. Mary's
Church.
The Clio messenger., 1914-10-09
Dehorning Calves

"Our Dumb Animals" the official
Journal of the American Society for the
Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, a
very dependable as well as charming
magazine, says that the practice of de-
horning cattle by saving or clipping off
the horns is very cruel and needlessly
So The article, which was written by
the editor. says:
"Many have an exaggerated notion of
the trouble in volved in stopping the
growth of the horn. Take the calf
anywhere under two weeks of age,
preferably from three to eight days old,
moisten the finger in cup of water
and wet well the hair about the little
nub where the horn is to start, then rub
with pencil of causiic potash till the
place looks quite red. That is all that
is necessary. There is no need of
clipping off the hair, and to rub till
blood comes is wholly needless. We
know because we have done this our
selves repeatedly"
The Clio messenger., 1914-10-09
County Line.

Reed Butler, of Frakenmuth, visited
friends here, Sunday.
Mrs. A. j. Fox and Miss Effie Heath
spent Friday in Saginaw.
Mike Courtney, of Mt. Morris, Sun
dayed with relatives here.
Mrs. James Carol, of Montrose,
spent few days with her parents.
Miss Mamie Kenney, of Flint, spent
Spent Sunday with her brother, John.
Mr.. and Mrs. P. Rousseau and child
rem, of Saginaw, visited relatives over
Sunday.
Misses Catherine end Margarete
Close attended :. teachers institute in
Fir, Saturday.
Mrs. Chas. Allen and Mrs. Phillips,
of Vassar, visited with Mr. and Mrs.
A. j. Fox for few days, last week.
Mr.. and Mrs. Erie Day, of Chicago.
are guests at the home of his parents,
Mr.. and Mrs. E. M. Day, for few days.
Mrs. VIM. Owens, of Blackmar, spent
Wednesday and Thursday with her par
ents, Mr.. and Mrs. Jno Courtney.
The Clio messenger., 1914-10-09
ARBELA

Henry Shower is working for John R.
Ayliffe.
Miss Flossie Hunt is attending meet.
ings at Carsonville.
Mr.. and Mrs. Edmund Miller spent
Saturday in Saginaw.
Clarence Hunt made business trip
to Saginaw Saturday.
Mr.. and Mrs Lloyd McNeal spent
Sunday at Anson Stuart's.
Carl Davis and Miss Iva Dickerson
spent Sunday at Fred Curriers'.
Susie Lutte and Sarah Currier were
visitors at VIM. Fox's Sunday.
Lizzie Ayliffe spent Saturday with
her sister, Mrs. Archie Brown.
Mr.. and Mrs. Frank Miller are spend
ing few days in Clio and Saginaw.
John B. Ayliffe and family were Sum
day callers in Thetford and Otisville.
Little Hilton and Milton Miller spent
Saturday and Sunday at Stanley
French's.
The Clio messenger., 1914-10-09

Mrs. Henry Benjamin and sons spent
Sunday with J. d. Anderson.
M. C. Graves, of Vassar, spent Sum
day with p. Thwing and family.
Mr.. and Mrs. H. c. Beardslee, of
Clio, spent Sunday afternoon with the
formers parents.
Mr.. and Mrs. c. Brown and daughter,
spent Saturday and Sunday with L..
Brown and family.
Roy Brown, of Flint, spent Wednes-
day in Thetford, called by the illness of
his father, L. Brown.
MIR. and Mrs. III. Haas were in Flint,
Sunday, spending the day with Mr.. and
Mrs George Phillips.
S T. Brown, who has recently re-
turned from Hurley Hospital, is report
ed to be improving slowly.
L. ]. Benjamin entertained Mr.. and
Mrs. George Munsell, M. J. Benjamin
and Mrs. Ray Grawold's Sunday.
Mr.. and Mrs. E. c. Campbell. Of
Saginaw, spent Sunday with the latter's
mother, Mrs. Nellie Beckwith.
Mrs. A. E. Galbraith, of Fairgrove,
has returned home after spending the
week end with her mother, Mrs. Geo.
Brown.