The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1914-05-22
Alcohol the Future
 Automobile Fuel
fBy Joseph A. Anglada, M. F., Chairman, Metropolitan Sec ton, Society of Automobile Engineers.

En81neerSs1
 The subject of motor car fuels has Df late been receiving q great deal sseering profession and. to some ex- tant. by the public In fact the l1n ae<sxactory quality of 'gas now MARa3lmble has become topic of el- MmUsf every day discussion. It can De fairly stated that this lowering Of grade has been due to and necessi- tated by the enormous increase in the number of gasoline engines installed 1a a,1tomobi1e and motor boats and Saqse used by industrial purposes. M1thout practically any increase in the worlds supply of the crude oil from which gasoIe11e is obtained. That there exists. therefore, a serious shortage in suitable petroleun1-fuel production no one can deny. What does the future hold forth
 Professuf Magruder. of the Ohio. Etats University. stated a few months ago that if all the gasoline engines in the country now in use were to run; at their rated horse power for ten hours day. the known gasoline sap-l ply would last about thirty days. In other words. if the gasoline engi nes4 i'm use were run at their maxim urn hnrse-rover, the amount of gasoline avaIla'b1e would be sufncient only to run them one hour day for about a year. s{f
 This puts to sest the popular irn- preagion that the high price and low grade of present day gasoline is dlae, mainly, to trade conabinations and arr fzf7c7A1 restriction of output. 1t var 1ouE meetings of engineering societies held during the past few years. at. which representatives. of fuel pro- ducsrs were present. it was autllor-i-l tnt1vely demonstrated that the grade of fue1 obtaina b1e from crude petro- 1auxm must necessarily decrease In duAl1ty and inefeaBe in pricsdu to- ths restricted amount of avai1sble1 crude oil suitable for the production of sasol1ne- It must also be consid cred that the increase in the number of engines using gasoline means an increase in the quantity of lubr1s:at- 3nH oil necessary for the operation not only of these engine. but other rnachzneg, contrfvancee and q dev ces. used for industria1 and household purposes Differently expressed. the prnaactidh of 1ubricatine oil ftp1nI nrude oil has also served to red uce the quantity of crude material avail able for the nanufacture Of gaso1inc.l
 Resulrs of How Grade Gasozins
 In the old days only the more vol :. atz1s Vapors obtained in the dist ilH- ton of pefroIeum oils were known hs Eaa11ine and lnmed as fue1s but neces- sfzy4 has compelled the refzners to gr4dual1y include with this more vol-' at11e product the less voIataile inn- terza1s in the crude approacting keroeene=with the result that today the fuel obtained is more like lSero- sane than what few years ago we gen@raI1y knew by the name of Eazc-s 1En&~-cauEzr1g troubles familiar to all nio<prlsts. among which may be m eh-| tioned the difIcu1ty of starting ana the necessity of nursing the motor untu it and the carbureting system have reached sufficiently high. tei-1- perature to vapnrize the fuel The colder the weather or the more econ ornIca1 the carburefor adjustment. the longer it will take. to ttwarm up1& It is safe assertion that carburetor sxstern of conventional type cannot bo 1z1zde to operate fiexib1y and eco-' nonaica1Iy without adding eonsid eraRlc3 heat to vapprize the fuel The low grade of fuel is also responsible Tor the increase in the amount of car ben deposited in engine cylinders.
 Method of Obtaining Gasoline.
 brfef references to the methods of producing gasoline from fsetro olttzIs will not be ar11is4- There are sev srssi' Efras of petroIeum from which lyns- rania oils being the richest in gaso : line of the American product and xroducing about { per cent of the to fz1 supply of the United States. It has not been many YeArs slnca it pro- huced SO per cent Of the total supply. The Ohio. Indiana and Illinois deIdst are deereazfng. tthey never did col 1ect1ve1y produce as much gasoline. as those of fennsyIvania1. ). while the California and Mexico oils contain auch small quantity Of gasoline constituents that it is fmpractieabls to- refine them commercially.
 The process of obtaining gasoline from crude oil consists of heating the crude oil retaining the resultant va. DOTS and condensing them. The va DOTS given of at the lower temp pera- furss are called gasoline The va-' porH obtained at slightly hitsher femperature are called benzine. and at atiu higher temperature. Kerosene.
 Substitutes for Gasoline
 Various hydro-carbon substitutes for zaeoline have been suggested, be- cause, a8 stated above. the reineri nndn it impossible to meet the d e- r1ana even or the motor industry alone, although resorting to all pos- sfh1e nneane to increase fis output e,f the requisite fuel
 Among the sl bsfifutes proposed is kerosene- If Is my opinion that kerr usene VIII never take the place of mmso1ine because of the inapOsaibil- ftv Of starting on kerosene: the tack of 6ex1b<1ify@taat is, the inability fo throttle the motor or to accelerate ik rapidly; the smoky exhaust, the xrsat aznount Of caribon deposited in the cylinders; the ready aecumuls ton n8 dirt where Kerosene is split. and the Cdor which pervades the car. Ev- en if keroeere could be used sueeees-# Ensly in motors of the autonobf1e type, (sspecda11y the pleasure vehicle, which demands a sweet fuel,) the Limitations of supply applicable to gss- cline would soon apply to kerosene.
 Bsnz0l has also been suggested as m substftufe for gasoline Benzol is s15tafned in the making of coke from ceaI- and to produce one gallon Of be1zzoI 1s If tons of coal must be- zxeafed- It is thus manifest that the