davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1914-07-23

No communication will be published without its authors name. Rejected manuscript will not be returned unless stamps are enclosed for that purpose.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1914-12-30
SHIPPING MEN HOLD NO
HOPE FOR LOWER RATES
Do Not Believe Government Probe
Will Reduce Schedules.

Shippers OF this port are eagerly await
Ing the result OF the Investigation OF the
present high steamship rates conducted
by Secretaries McAdoo and Redfield upon
the request of Congress. The rates are
higher than they have been for a half
century, but men familiar with condi-
tions' knowing the urgent demand for
tonnage, feel that nothing can be done to
prevent the present high schedules, which
are increasing almost daily.
More than so per cent. of the available
tonnage for carrying freight from 'Gis
port has been tied up by the war. These
vessels are interned. or Communicated
or sunk. The removal OF this enormous
tonnage from the seas, coming with ths
increase in demand for American goods.
has caused spirited bidding for the use
OF vessels now available.
Rates from this port to Rotterdam and
Amsterdam have increased from 10 TO IS
cents per hundred pounds, and to Scan
dlnaVian ports about 50 ton. The rats
on cotton has increased from 20 cents
per hundred pounds in July TO 75 cents
per hundred pounds, the current quota
ton Grain freight rate has risen from
to cents a bushel before the war to
Is and II cents today,
Cargo space on regular lines from this
port is limited, Every vessel leaving Is
CARRYING capacity cargo. The Red stai
and Hamhurg-American have been tied
up by the war In addition to the Aus
Line.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1914-12-30
CRIPPLED KING OF SERVlA
LED HIS MEN TO VICTORY
Aged Monarch Went Into Trenches
and Electrified Troops.

PARIS. Dec. 3O.-A Frenchman resident
at Nish has written to the Echo dc Paris
saying that the Servian victory over the
Austrians is explained by the opportune
arrival of artillery and ammunition, the
want Of which had previously demoral-
lied the troops, and by n change In the
commanders OF the army corps, by the
fatigue OF the Austrlans; but the prlnci-
pal reason after Premier Pachitch's ener-
getic attitude was the unexpected arrival
OF King Peter In the trenches.
All crippled with rheumatism end worn
out with the gout. he left bis retreat
when the army turned back against the
Austrians and came to take his place by
the side of his soldiers, cridinS one, en-
couragtng another, taking the ride OF a
third and saying, You are afraid. Go
home TO your wife and children. will
stay and defend your country"
He entered the ranks OF the Sth In
fantry whose panic originally caused the
retreat, had the flag brought To him, say
Ing that the men OF the regiment were
unworthy TO keep 1t, and made as IL 10
start alone towards the front These acts
and words electrified the peasant soldiers.
In two days the exhausted and demoral-
ICED men reassumed the offensive and
gained the victory. King Peter. who is a
veteran Of the war of 1870. on leaving
Nish on December 2. said that his Minis
ters were seeking to restrain him owing
TO his health.
MY health and my life," he said, 'ars
worth little / am ready to give them
for my country and my son. / am willing
TO die To save the country from the Ger
mans and Austrians. whom detest as a
and as King"
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1914-12-30
CZAR DRIVES FOE
BACK IN POLAND
Continued from Page One

Continued from Page One
collapse, and the Russians are fighting
desperately TO carry out a flank move
ment against his Germany army. Of
hcial military dispatches from Warsaw
state that the German armies lying west
OF Warsaw have been compelled to evac-
uate some of their first line positions
under the batterlng assaults of Grand
Duke Nicholas forces
The hghtlng in Poland and Galicia is
being marked by terrible slaughter. II Is
impossible TO estimate the casualties now,
but the figures when they are announced
VIII be staggering. In western Galicia
stormy weather and the muddy condi-
ton of the roads are interfering with
operations; In the Carpathians the Aus
trians are falling back. leaving many
stragglers and many guns behind.
Along the Bzura and Rawka Rivers the
Germans are fighting desperately TO hold
their own. but they are facing superior
numbers. and Field Marshal Won Hin
denburg's worn-out troops are facing
fresh masses OF Russian soldiers.
There was a terrific artillery duel
along the Rawka which lasted all day
Monday and all OF Tuesday, but the Ger
mans were finally compelled 10 retire
after several OF their batteries had been
sllenced, The German lines along the
upper reaches OF the Rawka and north Of
Bzura are farther from Warsaw than
they were this time last week. The Ger
man lines are now extended In the form
OF semicircle, with the Russian army
in the Pilica Valley struggling forward
In a mighty effort to envelop the south
ern wing OF the invading army
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1914-12-30
ITALY DEMANDS FURTHER
AMENDS BY THE TURKS
Cabinet Meets Today to Press
Hodeidah Matter,

dodeldah Matter.
ROME. Dec. SO.-Desplte the apparently
favorable developments growing out of
the Italian occupation of Avlona there
Is still considerable anxiety as to the
eventual outcome OF that action. The
Hoceidah Outrage" as the Italians
call 1t. has apparently not been settled
te the satisfaction OF the Government
and further pressure is to be brought TO
bear upon Turkey to compel the Ottoman
Government to grant all the italian de-
mands.
Germany is the first of the belligerent
countries 10 approve Italian action in
Albania. Prince Won Buelow, the special
German Ambassador. notified the Foreign
Office today that Germany gives uncon-
ditlonal approval to the occupation of
Avlona.
Cabinet council Is to be held today
TO take up the Hodeidah incident 1t is
understood that after this meeting the
Foreign Office will notify Turkey that
further delay in settlement of the mat
ter will not be tolerated and an i'm
mediate reply Is expected. Besides all
apology for the invasion of the Italian
Consulate at Hodeldnh. Turkey must re-
lease at once the British Consul, who
was arrested In the consulate, and punish
the gendarmes who broke into the build
ing.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1914-12-30
CARRANZA'S TROOPS
CRUSH ENEMY NEAR
GATES OF MEXICO
Casualties Heavy When
5000 Men Meet in Con-
flict at Threshold of
City.

WASHINGTON. Dec. 3o.-By a swift
advance General Obregon, in command of
Carranzista troops. has fought and won
an important battle close to the gates of
Mexico City
This was the information contained in
a dispatch from the Carranza War De-
partment at Vera Cruz today to the Car
rama agency here. approximately 5000
men we're engaged and the casualties
we're heavy.
The report of the battle came from
Vera Cruz and was as follows:
General Obregon reported today
that force of his men. numbering
1000 defeated force Of 5000 men under
Eufemio Zapata at Tepeaca, several
miles west of Apizaco, and only Il few
hours ride from Mexico City Sew
eral automobiles were captured from
the rebels, one of them belonging to
Amazon. a famous Zapatista chief.
Many dead are lying on the field and
the casualties will number more than
800. This victory, II followed, means a
swift advance on Mexico City, and
also clears the road to Pueblo"
second telegram received at the
agency said that the 55th anniversary of
General Carranza's birth Is being ceIe-
brated there today with general rejoicing.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1914-12-30
WOMEN RULE MEN
TEACHERSIN JERSEY.
BUT ELECT A man
Majority Steam RolIe,'
Crushes Opposition on RI.
tirement Fund, The
Shows Magnanimity.

ATLANTIC CITY, Dec. sO.-wom..
teachers, largely in the majority, af,..
effeotually using "steam-roller' ine,hsl.
TO crush mere masculine opposition /.
the annual meeting Of the retirement fukl
branch Of the State Teachers Assoc.
tion, today. made honorable amend, 4.
most unexpected fashion.
After Miss susan Marvin, of Jen.,
city, had declined reelection as chat,
man. and Miss Ida MacMahon, OF Tr..
ton had declined the office under sr,
considerations" the predominatinK ws
men with great enthusiasm selected ios,
Enright, country superintendent Of Mon
mouth, for the post.
There was the usual acrimonious dt
cussons over the retirement fund. Resn
lutions proposing 10 abolish the depan.
ment or merge it with the State psnso.
system, coming from the men. who ssls
the fund could never be made seif.san
porting, were derlslvely rejected by N.
women.
A large percentage OF the woruss
teachers are past marriageable age afs
are looking forward to using the $3.50 an.
nuity from the fund as n nest-egg aftel
they have completed the prescribed
years.
Several times the lie was nearly, but
not quite, passed in the discussion. Prln.
cipal McCreedy. of Newark, said he would
feel like robber" to take pensioA
from the State and an annuity from The
retirement fund Gray-haired teacher
laughed at him. as
A special committee report warned The
teachers that they might as well prepars
to meet a movement at the coming ses-
sion of the Legislature to abolish the
fund. Their reply was to appoint de-
fense committee of three for each county
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1914-12-30
Black Sheep Dies a Hero

DAfANh SAApSP @~aN' -
Prom Private R. @. Upper Of tho coid'ted"'
Guards.
There was man In the trenches WIN
us who had not got clean sheet DC
always seemed to be getting into trouple
for one thing and another
He got hit in the left arm. lie crawleu
back out OF the trenches TO the neares.
field ambulance and had his wounu
dressed
We advised him to go TO the rear, but
he refused, and with difficulty made MS
way back to the firing line. There, dc-
spite his wounded arm, he steadily went
on firing at the enemy.
Some time passed, and he was shot In
the right arm. Again he made the diff
cult and painful journey to the field hos
pital, and again, with both arms injured
he stubbornly insisted on crawling back
to the trench.
This time II took him longer, but at last
he got back, and with difficulty handling
his rife with his mauled limbs he grlmly
went on shooting
BY and by he collapsed, shot clean
through the body. Several comrades ran
to him and raised him. They told him
he must get back but he said, mo, let
me be. The beggars have done for me
this time. Jack"
lie nodded toward two wounded men
little way off in the trench, and said:
Get those chaps out. they'll be good for
something again. But for me, I'm done"
His chums We're laying him down when
he muttered, Hoist me up before you
go. I'll give them another round. so help
me. Prop me up quick and look to those
two chaps"
They propped him up beside his rife,
which rested in the loophole. The poor
fellow with fumbllng hands pointed hiI
rifle and let drive two more rounds. Then
he slipped down dead.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1914-12-30
BERLIN NOW PLACES
SMALL DEPENDENCE
UPON AUSTRIAN AID
German Press Bureau OFF,
cially Admits Defeat of
Ally and Superiority of
Russian Left Wing.
BERLIN, Dec. 80.

BERLIN, Dec. co.
Military critics here have ceased to
place much reliance in substantial aid
from the Austrians in the eastern war
theatre. For some time the opinion has
been prevalent that the campaign must
be conducted through German forces and
resources, and this fact is confirmed by
the latest disaster to the Austrian armies
In Galicla.
So patent has this fact become that
even tho War Office now admits the
failure OF the Austrian campaign in
Galicla. its Press Bureau saying: THE
fact must be faced that the extreme left
wing of the Russians ia proving itself
superior to its opponents" and that new
dispositions" by the Austrians "will re-
qulre some time"
Among the items given out for publica-
tion by the Official Press Bureau was
the following:
''The Russians have strengthened their
forces opposing the Austrians In Galicia,
and the latter, it is understood. will be
compelled TO make new dispositions,
which will require some time.
Local military experts are making at
tempts to picture RussIa's occupation OF
the line of kroSno-Jaslo as being no real
gain for the Russians, but on the con-
trary as weakening their position. This
view, however, is considered too optlmls-
tic, and the fact must be faced that the
extreme left wing OF the Russians is
proving itself superior to its opponents.
The present action of the Russians in
strengthening their forces there is due to
their realization of what an cncircllng
OF their flank in Gullcia would signify"
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1914-12-30
TRADE UNIONS TO SUPPORT
TAYLOR TRANSIT SYSTEM
Representatives of 90 Bodies will
Call on Director Today.

NepICoCllJdIANSS VA ~ oOuISS w III
Call on Director Today.
Trade unions, representing many indus
tries, will give hearty support to Director
Taylor in his fight for high-speed tran
sit system, and to assure him OF co-op-
GRAFTON representatives of 20 organiza-
tions will call on him today.
Plans will be arranged by the union
men to participate in the transit DEM
onstration January IA. In view OF the
enthusiasm among the numerous locals
it is believed several thousand union
workers will appear in the parade which
will precede the big mass-meeting. III
Representatives of numerous business
mems associations also will confer with
Director Taylor today in regard to ar
rangemerts for the demonstration
Petitions urging Councils to call spe-
cial election so a loan may be foated
and money obtained for the high-speed
system are being circulated by business
mems organizations throughout the city.
Up to the present time, several hum
dred thousand slgners have been OBJ
tained, and when the petition is sent 10
Councils 1t will show that very large
majority of the people favor a high-speed
transit system at the earliest possible
moment,
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1914-12-30
LEADING EDUCATORS
DISCUSS PROBLEMS
OF PENNA. SCHOOLS
Rural Communities Given
Much Attention at Harris
burg Convention-Body'
Biggest Attendance.
London opinion.

HARRISBURG, Dec. 3O.-The second
session of the Pennsylvania State Educa-
tional Association was opened this after
noon with 1000 educators present The
attendance is the largest ever held at the
biennial meetings, which always convene
III Harrisburg just before the opening
OF the Legislature. Departmental meet
ings were held this morning.
Dr. William NJ. Davidson, of Pitts
burgh; Dr. Edward Howard Griggs. OF
New York, and DIR. W. Il. Halbrook, o.
Choctaw, were the speakers at the gem
eral sessions today. DIR. Davidson spoke
on the advance made in the methods of
teaching the last two decades and the
more rapid progress of the pupils as a
result The possibilities of self-culturc
through vocation was the keynote Of
the speech OF Doctor Griggs. Doctor Hal
brook detailed some of the causes that
produce drudgery among persons living
In rural communities.
At the meeting of the Department of
the County superintendent this morn
ing L. ii. Mauser, of Northumberland
County, spoke of the difficulties of OBJ
tanning professionally trained teachers
for rural schools. Orton Lowe, Assistant
Superintendent of Allegheny County, told
or methods used in his county to obtain
competent teachers.
I. S. Favis, superintendent of the Blair
County schools. referred to the difficulty
of keeping pupils in school until they
have completed their courses. Ira n.
McCloskey, of Clinton County, spoke of
the need of creating a sentiment Among
the people for better schools.
At the meeting OF the city and borough
superintendcnts, f. w. Wright, of Union
town: DR.. o. 7. Corson. Columbus, Ohio:
l. b. Bush, Erie, and William NJ. David
son, Pittsburgh, addressed several
hundred persons on efficiency methods as
applied to teaching forces.
The Department of English was ad-
dressed this morning on "Thc Reorgani-
zation OF Secondary Education" by j.
Lynn Barnard, School of Pedagogy, Phil
adelphia.
The township school department took |
up the question of Improvement of rural |
school life, the speakers being Prof. |
Charles S. Kniss. Cambria County; NJ,
A. Dively Altoona; Il. b. Tcltrick, dep
uty State superintendent. OF this city.
X. p. Gleason. Scranton; ]. r. Reese,
this city, and Amos Chambehln, Wayne.
took part In the discussion on the ques-
ton of Measuring the Efficiency of
Manual Art Teachers" before the de-
partment OF manual arts.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1914-12-30
BERLIN ADMITS ALLIES
CAPTURE OF ST. GEORGES
Car Driven Back in East Prussia.
Report Poland Situation Unchanged.

q.
BERLIN, Dec. 30.
An Official statement issued here this
afternoon admits that the German troops
have been compelled to evacuate the
little town OF st. Georges, Flanders.
Fighting for the town, which was taken
still going on.
Russian cavalry have suffered a severe
reverse in East Prussia and have been
forced back to Kllkallen. The German
Offensive continues on the west bank Of
the Vistula and the east bank of the
Bzura River. according to the War Onice
statement. which also asserts definitely
that both L,owicz and skierniewice are in
German hands.
Official denial is made Of reports
ernanating from Petrograd to the effect
that the Russian are advancing south of
1nowlodz IL is reported In German dis
patches that the Germans have repulsed
all Russian attacks In that quarter of
Russian Poland.
Among the items given out by the Of
nctal Press Bureau are the following:
The British now admit that they made
mistake I'm flooding the lowlands OF
Belgium around Dixmude. The inunda-
tions are hampering the troop movements
of the Allies.
"A member Of the German Government
states that talk about peace negotiations
between Germany and France is prema-
ture. However II must be admitted that
any neutral Power Is entitled by the
rules of The Hague convention to make
suggestions. and these could not be con-
sidered unfriendly by any belllgerent
Power.
"A dispatch from Rome quotes the
Japanese Ambassador there as saying
that the reports OF Japan's intention to
Intervene IN the European conflict by
sending troops TO the Continent are un-
founded"
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1914-12-30
GERMANS INVADE ANGOLA
Portuguese Forced to Retreat Before
Superior Forces.

liSbONt Dec. 80.
An official announcement by the gov
ernment this morning Of fresh Invasion
Of Angola. the Portuguese colony on the
west coast OF Africa. admits success for
the Germans. The report says.
The superior forces OF the Germans
compelled the Portuguese 10 retire to a
Strategic position IA the Interior, The
Portuguese dragons. IN a violent attack
dispersed the German cavalry. but the
Portuguese attempt 10 surround the enc
nly's lsfi fiank failed,
The Portuguese loss was one officer
killed, three wounded and four missing"
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1914-12-30
To. Duyf vim Foe,
Yoqcs the Kaiser

COPENHAGEN, Dec. 80. - The
Kaiser set dotcn to Christmas ffn-
ner tCifh nearly 1000 officers dHd
men at the Great General Head
quarters at the Hotel de Viile, IN a
totcn ~ Northern Frdace. An altar
t0as erected At ono end Of the hail
and IN front OF II a mdRDor contdih-
ing the figure Of Christ. The Christ
mas festival fs described az plain,
simple ard impressive. ~ tCds the
hdiser's personal sCish TO be present.
The han tcds decorated tCith hOilU
and hung tcifh pictures of the Kniser
aud he generals. Christmas trees,
tCifh candles, tUere placed on the
tdbless Cakes, apples and nuts tcere
distributed, aud eUerB officer present
received as n special Christmas pres
emf portrait Of the Kaiser. Ereru
soldier received tobacco pouch dad
ct0drs. The festival comm menced bV
all standing and singing the OLD
German Christmas song, "Thou
Glud aud Holy Christmas Time"
The Kaiser. on rising, t1ds cheered.
lie soluted AID said GOOD eveninO,
comrddcs" After the army chaplain
hGd made short speech another
song foliotccd. and the Kaiser then
made the folloiCinp speech
Comrades: VIC arc gathered here
armed TO celebrate the holy festival
tChich tCe used 10 celebrate IN our
homes. our thoughts are turned
backward 10 our otCB at home and
those tChOBt tCc hare to thank for
so monV OUts tce today see In mul-
Htudes on the tables God has de- |
creed that the enemy should force |
rs TO celebrate the festival here. /
We hare been dssdiied aud ice are |
defending ourscrUes. May God grant /
rs peace from this festival with |
Him for rs and for our country
there tCiH arise the spirit Of uicforD.
Which ,Cc shall ultimately reach
after hedUy fighting.
We are on hostile ground The
points Of our stCords are turned 10
the eHemp, our hearts tOtCdrd cod.
We say, as once did the Grand
TO the dust tCith all
enemies Of Germany. Ameuv
The Kaiser then Uisited the tables.
gifts tCith officers. The
ioldierS song "DuetSchldnd Ubcr
4 HES" rs the Kaiser left the hail
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1914-12-30
ALLIES WIN GROUND
AT zONNEBEKE,, DRIVE
FOB FROM TRENCHES
Important German Position
South of Ypres Captured
by Series Of Charges-In-
yaders Shell St. Georges.

PARIS. Dec 20.
Gains for The Allies in Flanders are
oncialiy announced In statement is-
sued here this afternoon II says that
they have advanced IN the region OF
Nisuport and that they have captured
strong German point Of support to the
southeast Of zonnebeke, on the Beceiasre-
Passohsndaele road. From this point
they are now In position to drive
wedge into the German lines In that
vicinity The nghting here has been Of
desperate character for weeks but the
French taking advantage OF the German
withdrawal caused by weather conditions
pushed their lines forward and finally
captured an entire chain OF trenches by
series Of brilliant bayonet charges.
GERMANS SHELL sr GEORGES.
The town Of ST. Georges. recently cap |
tured BY the Allies. has been placed In
state Of defense by them. It is being
bombarded By the Germans.
In the valley of the Aisne and in
Champagne the Germans are manifest
ing greater activity In the Argonne the
Allies have made some progress Tho
French forces in Upper Alsace are
NINlA PttEAlDHs .AiitIt anu
their heavy artillery has sienced the
German howitzers which have been
bombarding Upper Anspach.
The operations In the Upper Alsace
region have begun to overshadow all Of
the others in the opinion OF the French
military experts. They believe that the
long-looked-for drive. which is intended
70 clear Alsace from the Swiss frontier
and the Rhine TO Strassburg and .ietz
Is under way. The German positions at
Stenbach are being shelled. and II Is
believed that they will soon be taken.
This will open the roadways leading to
Aitkirch and Mulhausen. Meanwhile, the
long-range guns of the French picked
artillery have begun Smelling the Ger
man trenches around Mulhausen
SHELLS FALL ON sTEINBACH.
The French lines have been drawn
through Cernsy, Aspach. Thann and sulz
In the centre of this circle lies Stelnbach,
which is under continuous bombardment
steinbach is nine miles northwest OF
Muelhausen. 1t lies upon a railway line
running from MueIhausen into the lower
reaches OF the Vosges Mountains and is a
point Of considerable strategic import
ance [
That the Germans expect a powerful a
offensive by the French In Alsace is \
shown by the official statement issued
In Berlin, declaring that General Jofre
is massIng strong forces along the Bel a
FORT -Epinal-Toul-N Nancy line and is de- p
new activity in the Vosges r
passes.
The French War Office has displayed
unusual reticence during the last few "
days In reporting developments on the
eastern wing, and this silence is regarded v
as significant. The almost daily flights
of French aviators over Metz, Sarreburg
md other German strongholds are prob
lbly more for observation purposes than
with any serious intention of lnnictlng
iamage by the dropping of bombs on
he defenses.