davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1914-09-15

novelties are far advanced and re.
moved from the old stereotyped carni.
walls OF a few years ago. The new at.
fractions and devices are the most
unique and far above all others. The
B. r. Parker shows have become es.
tablished with the amusement public
on account OF the clean class and
character of everything accomplished
or undertaken.
The B. r. Parker shows are the
only company that has ever played
under the auspices Of religious or.
ganization, and has been honored by
the governor and state OF Kansas by
receiving permission to erect their
shows and attractions on the lawns
of the state house grounds at Topeka
Kans.
The committee may feel compli
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1914-09-15
Mighty Matty Driven From Box n
Three innings by Oooin's
PhiIIIes Yes
terday.
o'TooLE INEFFECTIVE
Braves Win From Dodgers Despite
Seven Errors Made on Field
by RudoIpr's
Team.

IBy Hal ,Sheridan, written for the
United Press.1,
NEW YORK, Sept. 15.-With the
end Of the pennant racetb three
weeks away, the clan of McGraw's
grows weaker daily in both attack
and defense. And meanwhile the
Braves gallop along at the same mad
pace that has landed them In first
place after being at the bottom On
July !.
Dooin's Phillies handed the Giants
a crushing setback yesterday when
after giving them the first game OF
double bill they fell on the mighty
Mathewson and drove him tfrom the
box in three innings. Thei batterins
Matty received was all the more
humiliating to big Six" because Nc.
Graw had pinned his hopes on him
to recover some lost ground A vic
tory by Matty would have brought the
Giants to within one anc one-haif
games of the Braves.
O'Toole finished the game for Mat
ty and he. too, was ineffective, three
more runs being scored Off him The
Giants piled up six runs. but that
many we're scored off big Six" in
the third inning and the Giants could
M overcome the big handicap
To Tesreau goes the credit for win
ming the first game, but II should be
awarded to Eddie Burns and Magee.
of the PhiI1ies. They eaGn courribu-
ted a wild heare that resulted IN a
Giant run and as NcGraw's men won
by the count Of one. their efforts de.
cided the fray-asaiast them
Dick Randolph had TO battle two
clubs to score a victory To- the
Braves-the Dodgers and his team
mates.
rabbit MganyiIle" Whitfield, sub
bling for Johnny E7ers, and Red
Smith seemed determined to hand
Brooklyn the game, but Rudolph
wouldn't have it So They kicked il
with seven errors and still Boston
won.
Hank O'Day's crew wound up their
session at home by drubbing the Pr
ates. Their victory pulls them up to
within a half game of the Cards
and 5k games of the leaders The
Cubs turned their heavy artillery or
McQuillan, driving him TO cover
while Vaughn loafed along and held
the Pirates safe.
The Red Sox duplicated the Giants
trick-slipped up when they had ar
excellent chance to gain on the Ath
letics. They could only break ever
with the Senators, while the Mack
men were beating the Yankees and
thereby dropped a half game in tbs
standing
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1914-09-15
ADJUSTMENTS.
q. &. Parker Shows.

The city of Keokuk is preparing for
its festival during the week OF Sept.
DIST. The B. r Parker shows have
been given the contract TO furnish the
attractions and from the list submit
ted. without exception the greatest
ever seen in Keokuk. A splendid
twenty piece concert band of all solo
musicians under the direction OF Prof.
Ed Chennette wifi give concerts
every afternoon and evening during
their engagements. There will appear
with this company fourteen high class
feature attractions of such a variety
that it will please the most particu-
lar and exacting OF amusement seek
err.
The repertoire OF new iceas and
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1914-09-15
Humorist Writes About Them In His
Usual Clever Manner, Describ
ing Them In Detail a. to
Construction.
MOST DECORATIVE PART
Fitch So Describes Them When
Speaking Of the Scenery Of the
Great Rivers on Which
They Run.

Steam boats are the latest objects
of George Fftch's wit The Illinois
humorist should know all about them.
He is commodore himself. and runs
the Siwash. or did. before 1t went to
bed on Lake Cooper's sands. AT any
rate. Fitch is writing in the Illinois
Sttae Register about steamboats,. How
well he knows them may be judged
from the following from the Register:
The steamboat is an engine on a
raft with $4,000 worth of jigsaw
work around it.
Steamships are built OF steel and
are severely plain except on the IN
side, where the millionaire tourist ia
confined. Steamboats, are built of
wood. tin, shingles. canvas and Irvine,
and look like bride OF Babylon. II
a steamboat should go into the sea.
the ocean would take one playful slap
at it and people would be picking up
kindling on the beach for the next
eleven years.
go to sea Its home is on the river,
which does not rise up and stand on
end In a storm. II Is necessary that
the steamboat shall be light and airy
because If 1t were heavy 1t would
stick into the bottom of the river sew
eral feet and become an island In
Istead Of a means Of transportation.
The steamboat is from 100 TO 800
feet long and from 40 to 40 feet high
above the water, but 1t does not ex-
tend more than three feet into the
water. This is because that is all the
water there is. A steam boat must be
so built that when the river is low
and the sand bars come out for air
the first mate can tap q keg Of beer
and run the boat four miles on the
suds
Steamboats, were once the beasts OF
burden for the great middle west and
the city which could not be reached
at low water by steamboat with two
large, hot stacks, twenty-five negro
roustabouts on the bow end and a
gambler in the cabin. withered away
and died in infancy. But the railroad,
which runs in high water or low and
does not stab itself in a vital spot
with snag, came along and cleared
the steamboat out OF business. There
are only a few left now which is a
great pity, for the most decorative
part OF a great river is tall, white
steamboat with chime whistle and
a flashing wheel in the far foreground.
Steamboats, would still prosper if
steamboat men would go to school and
learn how to solicit freight and how
to load and deliver 1t without depend
ing on the outrageous and dilatory
roustabout A course in a good cook
ing school would also produce CRATE
full change In steamboat travel. The
government has spent hundred mil
lions improving the rivers, but the
steamboat hasn't improved in fifty
years.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1914-09-15
BASEBALL FANS
SHOULD ATTEND
THIS MEETING

= The future of league baseball 4
. in this city is to be determined I
= at the meeting to be held in the 4
. superior court room tomorrow 4
= evening at 100. Other matters 4
Q of Importance and interest are 4
. also to be brought up at the 4
. meeting, but the big matter to 4
= be decided is in regard to retain 4
. ing the franchise.
. The directors are anxious to
= know as soon as possible, and 4
q that means tomorrow night, (
. what the fans here want 20 do. .
Q If We are to remain in the Cen
= trail associa tion next year, a
= manager should be obtained at
. once and preparations for next
= season started soon. Whether
o you are in favor of the game or
q not, it is hoped that you will at
. tend the meeting in order that
. genuine expression of opinion
. can be obtained.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1914-09-15
mented In securing = company OF such
high class and character to entertain
the local amusement goers.--Adver-
tisement.
Mother Of Eighteen chIldren.

II am the mother OF eighteen chill
dren and have the praise OF doing
more work than any young woman In
my town." writes Mrs c. ]. Martin,
Boone Mill, Va. Il suffered for flve
years with stomach trouble and could
not eat as much as biscuit, without
suffering. took three bottles OF
Chamberlain's Tablets and am now a
well woman and weigh 1853 pounds.
I can eat anything want to, and rs
much IS / want and feel better than
l have at any, tins in, ten years !
refer to any one in Boone MN or vi
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1914-09-15
Base Ball Results
NATIONAL LEAGUE.
,ationaI LEAGUE standing.

Yesterdays Results
Open date fort St. Louis and Cincin'
natl.
Boston, 4-s-7: Brooklyn, 3-s-1. Bat
teries: Rudolph and Gowdy; Ragan.
Pfefer, Allen and McCarty.
New York. .5-101: Philadelphia. 20
2. Batteries: Tesreau and Meyers;
lineup and E. Burns Second game:
Philadelphia, 10-10-0: New York, 6-13-
5. Batteries: Mayer and Doom /:
Mathewson. o'Toole and Mclean and
Johnson.
Chicago. 7-l1-s: Pittsburgh. 1872.
Batteries: Vaughn and Archer; Nc
Quillan, Mamaux and Coleman.
Where They Play.
Brooklyn at Boston.
New York at Philadelphia.
Open date for other clubs.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1914-09-15
Or. BRUCE L. 0ilEILlAN,
PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON.

PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON.
Omce. GIN Main street. over
winger Bros. stora. Bell phone $50.
Black.
Residence, 317 North Fourth street
Bell phone 12s0-ReA
Hours-10-12 q. M; "a p. m: 70
D. N. Sunday by appointment.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1914-09-15
PROFESSIONAL CARDS
..- PHYSICIAN.
Or. w. P. sHERLock.
the national JOY smoke

ONCE, IS North Fifth stree: in tbs
Howell building. Residence, Hotel
Iowa
Once Hours-10 to IL q M. 2 to
3 .. M; evenings. to s; SundayA
II to p. m. United States civil ser
vice examiner.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1914-09-15
Diarrhea
Quickly Cured.
Chanberlain's
Collie, Cholera and
Diarrhea Remedy
Can always be depended upon.
Can always be depended upon.

During the summer months children
are subject to bowel disorders and should
receive the most careful attention. As
soon as any unnatural looseness Of the
bowels Is noticed Chamberlain Colo,
Cholera and Diarrhea Remedy should be
gwen Costs but 25 cents a bottle. and
IL Is economy to always keep a bottle
handy. You do not know when II NAV
be needed, but when Won do want IL Won
want it badly. Get bottle today.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1914-09-15
FEDERAL LEAGUE.
Standing of the Clubs.
Yesterdays Results.

Buffalo. 12-13-1; ST Louis, 1913 Bat
teHes: Brown and Blair and Allen
Groom, Watson and Simon and Chap
man.
Pittsburgh, s-1s-1; Chicago. 2-s-2
Batteries: Camnitz and Berry; Prem
dergast, Mcclure and Wilson.
Baltimore, $40; Kansas City, 2-s-5
Batteries: Quinn, Smith and Jack
lftsch: Packard, Adams and Oberly
Indianapolis 1o-12-o; Brooklyn, 0
10. Batteries: Falkenberg and Rar
iden; Seaton, Somers, Maxwell, Blue
jacket and Land and Watson.
Where They Play.
St Louis at Buffalo.
Kansas City at Baltimore.
INDIANAPOLIS at Brooklyn.
Chicago at Pittsburgh.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1914-09-15
Speed Boat Races On.

CHICAGO, Sept. 15.-All was In
readiness here today for the opening
of the speed boat races. All of the
cracks in the country are here to take
part in the events. which, beginning
this afternoon, will continue for a
week.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1914-09-15
cinity and they will vouch for what !
say" Chamberlain's Tablets ere lo'
sale By ali Observation-Disclosures.
The Thin alua Line.

Springfield. Mass, Republican: Tns
annual parade of the Grand Army
has now dwindled to approximately
5000 men In line at Detroit this yea
and Il win never be 30 large again.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1914-09-15

Read The Gate City want column.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1914-09-15
Just about time
you got yours

The limit ofgoing some in the smokings line 10 to
make fire with a match, then hitch it to ajimrny
ripe or nakin's cigarette packed brinful Of
Prince Albertl Me-o-myi Gets you mighty
: Ieased-like, and turns on the sunshine spigot
\ your system very early in the A. NJ
erince Albert wins every man who's game
enough to hit the high spot at the cost of
lime. Doesn't make any difference what you
ii,u1k about being able to smoke pipe or a
-oll-'em cigarette, you can and you scilEand
Get happy on every pull-d you'll nal your flag
% the mast Of
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1914-09-15
AMERICAN LEAGUE.
Standing Of the Clubs.
Yesterdays Results.

st. Louis, e-15-o, Chicago. 6-1o-2
tcalIed at the end of the twelfth In
ming on account OF darkness). Bat
.teries: Weilman, Mitchell, Hamilton
and Asnew: Cicotte and Schalk.
Detroit. G-142; Cleveland, 1920.
Batteries: Covaleskie and Mckee;
Bishop. Morton. Dillinger and O'Neill
and Bassfer.
Washington. s-1l0; Boston. lis
Batteries. Johnson, EngeI and Ain
smith; Shore and Thomas. Second
game: Boston. ISL: Washington. o
81 Batteries: Collins and Carrigan;
Bentley, Engei and Williams.
Philadelphia 2-5-3; New York, If
Batteries: Shawkey and Lapp; Fisher
and Sweeney
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1914-09-15
Where They play.

"NcTS IHSJ Fly.
Chicago at St Louis.
Detroit at Cleveland.
Boston At Washington
Philadelphia at New York.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-03-23

Bond sales.
Last week. 81 4,3l6 900.
Previous week. 81 $4,000
Jan. To date. 900.
tseller 10 days nat tselier 70 DAYS net
tScllcr l6 days fiat.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-03-23
COURT CALENDARS THIS DAY.
NEW YORK COUNTY.

NEW YORK COUNTY.
Supreme court-Appeliate Division. Re.
cess.
supreme Court-Appellate Term. Recess.
supreme Court-Special Term-Part L.
Before Weeks. J, Motion calendar called at
i0'20 A
Supreme court-special Term-Part IL
Before Page, J Court opens at 1880 A. M.
Eek parte matters.
Supreme Court-Special Term--Part Ill
Before Grcenbaum, J. Motions. Preferred
causes--Nos 2l77. 2isS. .oss. Iisa.
ss ' 1s... ' iss Az ILL., IT,: I'LL
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-03-23

eso, lIes, 1891, 2lGS. 1884. ?a77 Highest
hurnh"r reached on regular call s2S6
supreme Court--Special Te-m-Part M
T,'a'sIBefore Crane, J, Court op.ns At
iS, a. NJ Day calendar-Sos asa. 7is, $40,
sls, 27s. 4s' 81, si5, isS, 81, SIS. Hirhesi
number reached on the regular call 7Gi
-, County court-Part Iv.--Civii Re fore
Niemarn. J. Court opens AZ 10 A Mos
eI7t. ?3Sl, casa 2ss,' etS6 e4S7 $50 otgI
2Ne. 2+aa The following causes n answered.
ready will be passed for the dnv: Nos
2tat, SS3l. 2<s6, Pass. a4a7 2ia9 $500 psOI
sbOa' 1878, Highest number reached on
County court-Part DETERMINATIONS
Trial -Pefore Nicmsnn, j Court opena M
70 A. M.-Ginseppc Marendt alias Joseph
Mlrena. murder and carving dangerous
weapon; Luigi Pizzuto. carving dangerous
wesnon; Louis Schwartz. assault; Joseph
clay. Charles Stewart. Charles Wilson, book
making william II Wagner. grand larceny I:
Jacob olstein. perjury. '
Part lI-Before Baker. John Donovan,
mans,aushter: Eloise A. Greene, arson
Joseph Messina, carrying dangerous wehDon :
Carm'ne castasnino, receiving stolen prop,
Part IIl.---Befors southard J-robr E.,,.
more, burglary and assault: Frank Erick,
eytor''on; William Rockower. abduction :
Chsrles I'asqMale. robbery. grand Larceny
and assault: LYMAN Berger. Erand larceny
ana receiving; Henry Thomas, alias John
Hruce. grand larceny: Emma Dumars, Mary
ssi is :s: ': jena. M
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-03-23
les.. ls,s. ls,s. s,s. sss ssr. tss. ,s7. ASS.

1885, ss: i is 1852 1885, ~: e; ,: 81 ii 81 e: g. 49,
i; s fIs i Ia. i:s s: '' Cas-. . un nj
Part v.--Be,ore Phiibin, ). Cas-. IN
E s'sas R esssisa' Case s:'' an-
Causes to be sen. from Par, III. TO Parts
Re sPF' Gsse GGS,Tr So. s5gs ssss is
ssseS. $50. ?sss. asst :ss5 ?5o7' sses' 1850
unfinished.
RAJ, iIi.-So day calendar.
Part v-Hefore Ford Nos 6s1. e7ss,
!ss :ssss 49,: : :,ss 1919 1870 !c c : ::;S
npF. yIg sd., Sss ESP ss:s.
siel. e5se 2s.5. 2ass. 25,s. $500. 1881. s7i;,
?o5. G7oi, 1852, IA. aso5 :so7, ?ssO Case
EFsr,, yIIII i day calendar calendar. A..
&ssi, 21b3 $50. 2152. 2s2i. 2S2c, 200 1855,
ssis. ssts. ?ssi Case unfinished.
90 IA ssiS 4sle,. ss;s, ss5s. ssie. ss:iii.,
Pari XI--before ErlanseT. J, No, 1927.
I'll s5. isss. sso :ss: 1855 1855 : :SS; Isl Isl
ll07. 2s7o. ?97l. Case unfinished.
:ssi, as;s 2ss.. .ssss.. .ssT. 2sss. 20 2gS7,
3,.s 1850, ss:i, :ss::, :St,. ss5. aS5j. ss,i,
2sG5 Case unfinished
Isl. ,ssi is.9 i..o iss. iss5, isSss. ii,' !ss.
$3.50. ::?.. ss5s. 1854. 1890, l77s. 1897. 1886,
p Part 70 xy,1reiof. pusro. J. No. $40.
Par; XvI@ss;e;, p;iany s. 10; i;5c
is lss. 1872 ii;;- i$5'' go: iG!s 49,
is = o 1874 1907 e' e Sa."''n .i7
2sl 1923: 1911, 1898 1851 1898, 1853, 1871,
~: -: is ss s s sss 1875 i isji 1854 S,
Issi, 1894 is:s, sIsi 90. 1917. Inquest
Part xviIi"Re.orc Donn.ly, J. Cas-.
on. No day calendar.
suTTos&'S's cOu,'L Ionn agsfEsmsstore Fey:
Eth MsTS : & Ferris Henry r Ghsmpnss.
M Mgns x HEMP sr. ss" s1rsR
solomon solomon. al 1880 A. 81
surrosa;ns's court.Triai Term-Betore
co%te:sa wIllsNos 0e scSc siSs sOj siss E 81
'", ~. OF Gar, Karl or Earle nsran. ~
fRssi eosl, o %s,s@s
a. ely ss''i$|s. $iE% So d. 'n;'s si
is.5. SiS2 .Ss, s,I5. sSos. sss:. 5sSs' 5s sSg
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az. 49,: 7 sscsfs 1sessis 1Sss:ss ss css sSsi
1871 1893. slss, s?5i klO?,. Case unfinished
Nos raT ISL ss:i ar S"i's s.
ssss 600 ss!7 ssss sss!. ssos, sl2o. cssi,
s:ss ssss ssss sos, ss5s s.7c s sisp. s sis
ssIs esSs; Cle.r.
Part ,iv-Before opwy.r. CT. Case un.
Part v-Betore Ransom. j. Case un-
Part vI.-Befors peiehan,y. J. Case un-
Part, vH.-Before McAvoy j Case un.
Part, vIH.-Befors Green. ]. Case un-
finished
III ~. v. VI. VII. ana VIII. for trial.
KINGS COUNTY
sug PREM, cn1urt-,Appe'ate piyison-s.c-
SSS j., E1 par'e matter Court s' opens SAY" at
;, supreme Court--Trial -rerm--Part l..
n Email f Par, " Clark ssdss, Part IL XHs
PAY s.s S'' sisO saS, a s,S y
sas iscs 400 ASH s.so s7s s' ~ s Ss.SS
' sss Sts ssss s'5 zoos s''T sIss s5Ss
5s5i, 's,S2, siss. msH sis5. siss ss ais?
s!sa ai nn The lol,9wtng causes, il marked
S st. s?Hn 81 ssy "a: Ts
ss; I;!!s i;ssss; ;ss ::s.; sssss,, s s;s.
s.s: i7se 1881; slGs, s?ss s.77S ''I highest nest
supreWe urt-speci9l Term--Part III
iin's'SMNbeInrs franc, J. Court opens At
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-03-23

Referees Appointed.
Supreme Court-By Justice NVeeks-Crlo'
Trust Co. vs. Cary. James A. Lynch.
Abilene weekly reflector. [volume] (Abilene, Kan.) 1888-1935, 1914-12-24

ito of $25 each in two Of our banks
there. One Linden J. Lane opened the
account 20 years ago."
Linda laughed softly.
my father used always to fear bank
failures, and put small amounts In
many banks" She turned sparkling
eyes upon Goodwin. 1--WE thought we
had collected all his savings" she
said.
"These two nests were undiscov-
ered," the man laughed, land the hens
have been laying golden eggs. You
have, at this very minute $500"
Three hundred dollars! OH" she
impulsively held out her two toilworn
little hands, 1T is a fortune! The
children! They can have their Santa
Claus!"
Goodwin found himself feeling hap
pier than he remembered having felt
before. Was 1t the knowledge that he
had been the Good Fairy in this small
family, or was it something more sub
tie, more wonderful that had crept
into his mind?
He laughed a trifie nervously.
II am going to ask for immediate
payment for the Joy l have found for
you," he said and when Linda's Ques-
tioning eyes met his he said impetu-
ously: Let me come tomorrow-and
help make Christmas glad for the
children. May conner"
Linda glanced at him with o new
shyness. EYES," she said. simply. III
you like will go with you to help get
that Christmas tree"
Next morning Linda and the chill
dren were up early.
The cracking Of the IRE 90 il roared
up the stovepipe created spirit OF
cheerfulness that greeted Marvin
Goodwin when he presented himself
ct an early hour.
"Oh!" shouted Bobby. heres our
own Santa Claus!" His eyes were
glued to the armful Of packages Good.
win deposited on the table.
Bobby" cried Linda.
Haven't you ever been Santa Claus
beforef'' uuerled Peggy.
Never! This is my very FIRST ex-
perience. l hope win acQuit myself
with proper dignity"
And Linda's eyes, over the heads Of
the children, looked down deep into
Goodwin's big soul. and uneonseiousiy
she let the man read what her heart
was saying.
Next Christmas" he was saying IN
his mind. LINDA win have permanent
roses IN her cheeks. and her eyes WIN
Be mine, and thai yin Be All the hap
nIees one ennla cIans could huTs
Abilene weekly reflector. [volume] (Abilene, Kan.) 1888-1935, 1914-12-24
CONSTRUCTION OF A CULvER1
Consideration Of Economy and Safety
Demands Employment Of Other
Material Than Wood.

BY far the greater number OF cul
verts and bridges on our public roaos
have a span OF less than fifty feet. In
the past these structures have, In gen
eral, been built OF wood. but lumber so
exposed in this dry climate 10 subject
to rapid decay, writes Walter Graham
in Denver Field and Farm. Conse-
quently these structures require a
great deal of repair and frequent re-
newals. The ever-ilcreasing price OF
lumber is making the further use Of
wood tol ibis class Qf structures more
and more Indefenslble. The )oads
which our highway structures are
called upon to sustain are alao i1cress'
ing. In pany OF our Agricultural 10
ccalItisS ths movement Qf steam road
rollers and heavy traction Engines is
Seriously hampered because Of weak
bridges and culverts. Consideration
of et6homS and safety demands the
use Of other materials than wood IN
the construction Of culverts and
bridges.
Durability IL OF the greatest econo-
mic Importance. In many sections q
large proportion OF the annual road
levy IL expended in repair and renewal
of wooden culverts and minor bridges.
and II is not unusual to find this prac-
tice defended on the ground that the
county or district cannot afford to
build the higher-priced permanent cul-
verts. This notion IL simply a false
sense of economy. True, the first cost
of the permanent structure Is greater.
but there the outlay ends, while with
wooden culverts there is large an
nual outlay for repair, as well as fire.
quent renewals. Anyone interested In
road improvement will find 1t most In
teresting to secure the following data
for his own county or district: The
number Of culverts, cost OF labor ana
material for repair and renewal each
year, average life Of wooden culverts
and the ordinary life of wooden bridge
floors. Then he could compute how
long It would be before the actual
present expenditure WOuLu PoJ Ava RSA
manent culverts.
Later improvements In the manufac-
ture Of iron have made this material
more generally available for use in cul-
vert construction. A special quality OF
iron, very low in carbon, resists cor
rosion 80 we'll as to make its use ad-
visable in many cases, and this is an
important point for the irrigated dis
tricts. The cutting away of the soil
by the water at the inlet or outlet OF
a clay or cement pipe is often respon-
sible for its progressive breakdown
and partial exposures of this charac-
ter are extremely dangerous In time
of freshet to any form Of construction
1t is doubtful whether the majority OF
practical roadbuilders have given con-
sideration to the fact that by building
suitable wing walls for any bridge or
pipe they can very largely increase Its
carrying capacity. A V-shaped en-
trance-way so increases the velocity
of the water as to enable given con-
duit to perform the work of one Of
much larger diameter which has an
end wall at right angles to the flow.
Abilene weekly reflector. [volume] (Abilene, Kan.) 1888-1935, 1914-12-24
nj. recent cpserv;suns; wccorulng

emit. Recent c0serv;lronE TaCcorGlng
to Engineering Record, Of a number
of pieces OF road construction, on
which contractors new to the work
were engaged, indicate that the In
spector is having his hands full in get
ting the "wetting- down" specifications
properly adhered to. Where earth Is
available a generous layer thrown on
makes an excellent cover and holds
water we'll. Some careful road build
ers II tic West re"c~"'Accg the value