Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1914-06-13

There are several diseases which
have been investigated and described
as different because the bacteria
which causes them differ in some Of
their characteristics. The symptom
and the changes which are seen after
death are so nearly identical that il
is only by studying the bacteria that
any one of these diseases can be dis
tinguished from the others. The
treatment applicable to one is equal
ly applicable to the others For the
practical purpose of combating them
! in the poultry yard We may there
fore group these diseases together.
There are certain germs (bacteria)
which are nearly always found in the
intestines of healthy fowls whica
have more or less power to produce
disease, but which the sound, healthy
fowl is able to resist under favorable
conditions. If these germs are inocu-
lated into canary birds, they produce
fatal disease, because the canary
does not have the power to resist
them. If inoculated from one canary
, to another three or four times, these
germs have their disease producing
powers so increased that they are
able to kill adult fowls. When the
ished by exposure to cold, hunger,
thirst and exhaustion, as occurs dur
ing long shipments by rail, these
germs may also cause disease in the
fowls. In some countries the sick
ness which develops from these con-
ditions is called 1.-The transportation
disease
1t sometimes happens that this dis
ease develops in poultry yards that
aras not kept clean, possibly because
of the large numbers of these germs
which are taken into the bodies of
the birds, but probably because they
have acquired greater disease pro-
ducing powers from growing in warm
manure. When they begin growing
in the tissues of fowls they soon in
crease their virulence, and the dis
ease which they cause may rapidly
spread from fowl ito fowl until the
greater part of the birds are dead.
The typical germ OF fowl cholera
has adapted itself more completely
then have these common germs to
+ the conditions of life within the
fowls body, so that it is strictly
parasitic, and is only obtained from
fowls which are affected or have been
affected with the disease. That is.
birds only contract true fowl cholera
mates in other birds that have or
have had the disease.
The cholera-llSe diseases may,
therefore. either develop in the poui-
try yard from insanitary conditions,
or thev may be introduced by con-
tagion carried by new birds which
are added to the flock, by birds
which which have been to eXhibi-
tions, by wild birds which fly from
one poultry yard to another. or by
various animals. such as dogs, cats,
rats. etc. Birds which recover from
the disease may sometimes carry the
germs and disseminate the con-
tagion for six months or year after
they are apparently well.
symptoms of Cholera.
The first symptom is a yellowish
coloration of that part of the eXcre-
ment which is secreted by the KID
news and which in health is nearly
or nerfectlv white Soon there is
diarrhea. the droppings consisting of
the wbitjsh or yelloWish secretions of
the kidneys mixed with considerable
thin mucous and q small quantity of
intestinal contents which may have
a velloWish. broWnish, or greenish
color There is considerable fever,
and soon after the bird is attacked
il looses its lively appearance, sepa-
rates itself from the flock, and APP
pears dull, detected and sleepy. 1t no
longer searches for food. but sits
with tho head drawn down to the
body or turned backward and resting
in the feathers about the wing. The
plumage soon loses it's brilliance,
the wings droop. the appetite is
diminished and the thirst increased;
the comb and wattles may be dark
blush red from engagement with
poorly oxygenated blood, or they may
be pale and bloodless on account of
the congestion of the internal or
gans, especially the liver.
The affected birds soon become