davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1914-09-10
DAIRY
DAiRYMEN MUST MOVE QUICK
Three Things Menace Industry: Inef.
ficIent Cow, AntIquatsd Methods
and Ignorance Of Public

By EUGENE DAVENPORT. Illinois Az
rcuitursi Coiisgs)
A good deal is going to happen IN
dairying within the next 25 years.
Dairy husbandry represents the most
intensive form of agriculture oractised
on this side OF the rAtsG. We have
been 30 busy about other things that
we have not yet settled down to the
development OF the industry In this
country. l think the individual dairy
man has his attention too exclusively
on his personal Affairs, and TOO little
upon the industry he represents. When
| see q man advocating q system OF
buying cows instead OF feeding them ]
know that he is looking at 1t purely
from the individual standpoint He
knows, or ought TO know that NO
business can thrive on that basis.
What you need to do and what we
all need to do-and do II quickly-h to
attend to those things that will es-
tablish the dairy business az a whole
upon a solid basis.
There are three things that today
menace the prosperity Of the dairy
business: First. the inefficient cow
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1914-09-10
INFERTILE EGGS IN DEMAND
Absolutely No Necessity for Keeping
Roosters With Hens After
Breeding Season 10 Over.

(By J. A. HELMREICH, Colorado Ex-
pertinent Station.)
There Is absolutely no reason for
keeping the male birds with the laying
hens after the breeding season is over.
Some people seem to think that the
rooster has to be with the hens in or
der to get eggs; this is not true. On
the contrary. careful experiments have
proven that flock Of laying hens will
actually produce more eggs without
the male birds running with them.
Infertile eggs are always in demand,
for they will stand shipping. keep In
hot weather and bring top prices on
the market. It is also a mistaken idea
that fertile eggs have to be In an in
cubator before the germ grows and
develops. The growth will take place,
no matter whether the eggs are in an
incubator. In a hot country store. in a
hot living room. In wagon en- route to
market over hot country road, or ex-
posed to heat In any other manner or
place. Eggs are among the most per.
ishable Of all foods. A fertile egg kept
In a warm room will become UNIT for
human food almost as quickly as milk,
because OF the germs developing, while
an infertile egg will keep for two
weeks under the same conditions
which will cause fertile egg to be-
come unfit for human food IN twenty.
four hours.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1914-09-10
TEST THE cows REGULARLY
Responsibility for Existence Of Tuhsr
cuIosIs Rests With the Owners
Of infected Cattle

The eradication OF tuberculosis 10
the task OF the dairyman with the A.
sistance OF the state. The responsible
ity for the existence Of tuberculosis
and its continuance rests with the
owners OF the infected cattle. Re.
markable progress has been made in
eradicating tuberculosis without great
loss in several dairy sections. The
men above all others who should reSu.
larry test their cows are the one
whose herds are free from the disease
Constant vigilance is necessary to kesu
. herd of dairy cows free from tuber
cuiosia.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1914-09-10
NATURAL ENEMIES OF CHICKS
oepredstions by Crows and Hawks
May De Prevented by Device
Adopted by Maine Station.

One Of the chief difficulties that the
poultryman has to contend with is the
continued loss OF chicks. and some
times even Of nearly full-grown birds.
as a consequence OF the depredations
OF natural enemies. II Is safe to say
that the magnitude OF the loss from
this source is not anything like fully
realized by anyone who has not kept
an accurate account OF all his birds.
In the experimental work with poul-
try at the Maine station. a record OF
every bird is kept In this way It has
been possible to check up and form
an adequate estimate OF the losses due
10 the creatures that prey upon poul-
try, and. OF necessity. a good deal of
attention has been devoted to the
problem Of how these losses may be
cut down.
In the experience OF the above sta
ton the most destructive natural en-
emy OF poultry has been found to be
tho crow. The depredations Of the
but in the long run far less destructive.
A hawk will only visit a poultry yard
occasionally. and especially II he is
shot at once or twice will be wary
about approaching II again. On the
contrary the crow is a steady and per-
slstent robber. He will continue his
depredatlons Just as long as II is phys
ically possible for him to do so. For
number Of years crows killed and
either carried away. or left behind
partly eaten, large number of chicks
on the Maine station plant These
losses were not by any means confined
to the small chicks. but half-grown
birds, each nearly equal in weight to
the crow itself. were killed. partly
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1914-09-10

the big fellows and must be continual
ly fought. They will quickly sap the
vitality Of flock and SO weaken 1t
that 1t is practically useless.
The interior Of the chicken house
should be thoroughly sprayed over ev-
cry square inch with kerosene into q
gallon Of which two tablespoonfuls Of
carbolic acid should be mixed.
II this Job is thoroughly done and
the outside heavily whitewashed and
the work repeated before the flock has
settled for the winter, no trouble is
likely to result.
More harm results to fiocks during
the summer months than at any other
time, owing to the neglect Of their
owners to keep the house and the
bodies of the birds clean.
Let the fowls have as wide range as
possible, but II they must be confined,
give them plenty of shade and dig up
the ground frequently.
Supply them with fresh leaves and
grass. clean drinking water and the
right kind of feed and your fowls will
go into the winter months In good
form.
This work must be done every day,
not two or three times during the
summer. You cannot hope for the
best with fowls unless willing to give
them necessary attention.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1914-09-10

Two Feet Apart, as a Protection
Against Crows and Hawks.
eaten, left behind on the range. In n
single year the crows destroyed some
thing over five hundred chicks.
Devices of all sorts we're tried In
order to stop these ravages. Various
kinds OF 'scare-crows" were tried but
with no effect whatever. Dead crows
were hung up on stakes as warning
to their fellows. but instead OF operat
ing as warnings, they appeared to
serve as Invitations to the dance"
Decoying the birds was tried. but with
no substantial effect on the steady
losses. Poisoning even was resorted
to. but all to no avail The losses con-
tinued almost constantly.
Finally a plan was adopted which
is perfectly safe and sure In its opera.
tion. II consists simply In running
strands OF binder twine about two feet
apart over the whole OF the poultry
range occupied by the young birds.
until they reach such size that they
are able to take care of themselves.
These strings are run over the tops oil
the brooder houses. and on supports
made by cross strands OF either wire
or two or three strings OF binder twine
twisted together. These cross strands
are held up where necessary by posts.
The whole network OF strings thus
formed is put at such height that the
attendants in working about the yard
will not hit the strings when standing
upright. The area covered In with
strings in this way at the Maine sta.
tion poultry plant is usually about
three acres per year The expense OF
covering this area is from SIS to $40
for twine. The labor OF putting II up
is comparatively small. II forms per
feet and complete protection agains,
both crows and hawks.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1914-09-10
PROPER HENS FOR HATCHING |
Select Those Which Have Proved Good
Mothers and One Which Has Just
Commenced to Sit.
CBy ELIZABETH PUrNAM.)


II hens are used for Matching, select
where possible. those which have
proved good mothers. AS a rule this
maternal ability will prove the same
from year to year, and those which
have deserted or broken eggs careless
ly will in all probability prove unfaith-
full to the end. II hen has already
been broody for a week or two, she
may grow tired before the eggs hatch.
Choose preferably one that has just
commenced to sit
Fill the corners of her box with road
dust or ashes. Lay in a heavy sheet
of paper saturated with kerosene. Add
more dust OF ashes, and lastly straw
sprinkled with insect powder. Give
her the eggs at night. II is sometimes
advisable to throw an old piece of car
pet over the nest for day or 80 until
she is fully settled.
Keep food, grit, water and dust bath
where she can have access to them
daily, but watch that she does not
leave her nest for more than half an
hour at time unless the weather is
very warm.
The shipping Of day-old chicks has
come to be quite a business. AS they
need not feed for the first 4S hours
this plan is feasible and those having
no facilities for Matching and yet de-
string well bred chicks are siad to
avail themselves OF the opportunity.
the usual price being about ten cents
each.
The average brooder will safely
handle Just about half the number Of
chicks for which It is claimed to be
made. Crowding is almost certain to
bring dire results. Be chary Of the
homemade brooder with lantern heat.
There is danger OF asphyxiation unless
1t is properly constructed.
Gull out the scrubs and improbable
members Of the flock. Breed up con-
tinually. Feed well and in variety.
Supply grit and oyster shell, and re-
member that clean water is neces-
sity. Keep the fowls comfortable and
free from vermin. And then II they are
not profitable, do not rest satisfied un-
I'll you have hunted out the reason
for there surely is one.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1914-09-10
DAIRYING ON GENERAL FARM
To Be Most Successful Financially
Business Should Be Carried on
With Other lInes-

CBy II. A. HARDING, Illinois Asrscui-
turai Coilege)
Studies OF the financial side Of the
dairy situation, so far az they have.
yet been made. indicate that dairying.
to be most financially successful.
should be carried on In connection
with other types Of farming. The rea-
son for this Is quite evident
Owing to the need of mixers, and
labor in connection with the corn and
alfalfa which must be raised for the
dairy, considerable amount of labor
is necessary. The corn and alfalfa
will keep this labor busily engaged
during comparatively short period
during the year. II the farm opera
tions are restricted to the growing Of
these two crops, during a consider
able portion Of the year there will
be no labor during the day to profit
ably employ the farm help and horses
which must be at hand during the
other portion of the year.
A consideration of these facts
makes It perfectly plain that II dairy
ing Is to be conducted most profitably,
II must be combined with the growth
OF other crops upon the farm, which
will proftably employ the men and
teams during the time when they
would not be otherwise engaged In
connection with the dairy operation.
Studies Of the returns from various
types of farms show that those funda-
mental considerations are well borne
out nv the rasults
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1914-09-10
HAWKS, CROWS AND SkUNKS
Chicken Fancler. But They Can Be
Trapped or Frightened Away.

It Is pretty safe to say that at least
one-tenth of the chickens hatched are
destroyed by some species OF carniv-
ora. ! used to lose on an average 100
chicks year by hawks until got a
dog and trained him, a writer In New
York Sun says. After that did not
lose any, SO as a cure for hawks /
place a good dog first; second, gun,
and third, a steel trap fastened by a
chain to pole in the chicken yards.
Shoot one or two hawks and hang
the carcasses on tall poles, and they
are a warning against others. The
hawk wants his meat alive, so you
have some idea how to fight him; but
the crow Is not particular whether II
is dead or alive. He takes it any way
that comes handy and is more ingen-
ious In his methods Of getting 1t, 1t is
generally a case OF watching, with a
shotgun handy, for Mr.. Crow, as he is
much too cunning to be caught in a
trap.
The skunk can be caught with q
trap, and IL he has been In a chicken
house and left undlsturbed you can
count on your game II you go to the
trouble. Leave the house with chick
ems In It just as 1t was, but close up
all entrances to 1t but right where you
are going to set the trap. Then set
the trap, securing II to a stout stake
and covering with grass or hay. Mr..
Skunk surely will come back and walk
right into the trap unless your neigh
Dor has caught him.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1914-09-10
keepIno Frozen Eoos.

Recent experiments indicate that II
eggs are canned In a strictly sanitary
manner while fresh. and kept frozen.
they will remain In good condition for
years. The government has been con-
Quoting tests along this line. The
eggs are kept In cans instead OF their
original shells. and are completely
frozen instead OF being kept at n tenn
perature near the freezing point
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1914-09-10
Allow Free RANGE.

Both hen and chicks should be al
lowed free range after the chicks are
a few days old. to pick up a large
share OF their living. but In addition
1t is a good plan TO feed them at night
and to give them all they will eat. as
they will grow faster and will either
be marketable at an earlier age or
weigh more. and consequently bring
more, at a given time.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1914-09-10
Care Of Water Vessels.

FIJI the water fountains at least
twice a day this hot weather. Scald
them out frequently, for even fresh
water leaves a stale scum on vessels
at this season. A fresh piece of char
coal should be placed in the water ves-
sci once week all summer.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1914-09-10
Roosts for the poul,.

As soon as the early Matched poulta
(little turkeys) get large enough to
roost. let them roost in the trees or on
the tops OF sheds. Don't put them In
buildings where they viii not get as
good air 10 breathe.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1914-09-10
Remove tho Roost.r..

Remove male birds from the lool
AZ noon as the breeding season h over.
Infsrtile eggs can stand more hot
weather.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1914-09-10
Poultry Essentials.

Feed plenty OF clean. wholesome
food and water, and provide plenty OF
clean dry nests In clean poultry
house.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1914-09-10

Good cows are hard TO buy.
The toad is the farmers friend.
Strawberries need lots OF water and
sunshine.
Have a regular time for milking
morning and night.
Cultivate the growing crop-it will
pay In a better harvest
Every poultry house must be rat
proof and free from vermin.
All pruning must take into account
the habit Of growing of the tree.
Raising live stock is one OF the most
far-reaching means OF economy on the
farm.
The good shepherd will see TO II
that his lambs are entirely free from
ticks.
Save every good heifer calf. There
fs a scarcity OF good cows all over the
country.
II the cows are put In the stables at
milking time. let each one go quietly
90 her own stall
The udder and its possibilities are
born with the COW and are as impor-
tant as the stomach.
The unpainted house takes from the
sale value OF the farm and from the
living value OF the home.
Over.ripo cream makes butter that
So just little bit on flavor. Churn
when the cream is Just right.
Keep the ground around the black
berry bushes grubbed clean OF shoots.
as they will be as bad as weeds.
A dozen eggs can be produced for
much less than pound OF butter not
considering the difference in cost Of
labor.
Keep n box filed with rock salt
where the horses can reach II at all
times. II can be nailed TO the feed
troughs.
Water the horses as often as pos
sible; but let the horse that comes in
hot drink few swallows only. until
he IL cool.
All kinds OF hay when cured in the
windrow and shock has nearly double
the feeding value OF that dried broad
cast in the sun.
The dairy farmer can raise hogs
cheaper than anyone else and natur-
ally this makes better profit for him
from this one lima
The beginner with sheep will do
well to invest little money for
good sheep book. One lost sheep will
cost more than several books.
When oiling the separator or the
churn. see to II that the oil does not
get whore II does not belong--into the
cream OF the skim milk
Great care should be exercised when
manures and mulches are applied TO
the strawberry plants TO Sc that they
are free from grass as we'll as weed
seeds.
Not every dairyman can AFFORD
$4,000 bull. but like the bantam hen
with her eye on goose egg. II Is a
good thing to keep your eye on. and
go ahead.
The turkeys thrive well on a bal.
anced ration OF grasshoppers, alfalfa
and small grain and when marketed
at holiday time win net their owners
n tidy sum,
Cows know when II is milking time:
you can't fool them. Try It by making
them wait far beyond the proper hour.
and they VIII make you pay for II by
tho lessened amount they give.
ouack grass is vicious weed when
II gets into grain field. and spreads
by the large strong creeping root
stalks, crowding out grain or anything
else that is trying to grow on the
same ground.
All kinds OF poultry II on free range
will supply much OF their meat food
and grit by foraging. but It is well TO
keep q supply on hand and feed Il oo-
casionally 10 make sure that they
have enough OF these two very neoes-
eary things.
Everyone who raises poultry should
have a truck garden stocked with all
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1914-09-10

/ on N bAuh2A bNhAC win huftps
|
Sheep devour much roushage.
Weak chicks should be segregated.
Plant a plum tree in the chicken
yard.
Winter pruning increases the vigor
Of the plant
1t doesn't pay to keep the cows in
the barnyard all night
Plan TO give the chickens q shady
place during the hot days
II the horne does not eat well. or
siobbers. Examine his teeth.
Fowls that are TO be shipped should
be thoroughly cooled before packing.
Ducks should not be allowed water
TO swim In until they are feathered
out.
About the worst garden pest is
the English sparrow. aided by the
robin.
Baby beeves are cattle finished for
market at the age OF ten TO sixteen
months
The sheep Is a valuable asset In the
utilization Of the rcngssse sfuwz on
the farm.
FIJI the pigs stomach while he 10
young and he will OIL your purse when
he is grown
One advantage in keeping poultry 10
that they eat much that would other
wise be wasted.
A large amount OF buttermilk In the
fowls feed ia said TO stimulate the
production OF feathers.
The most beautiful COW may give
the poorest milk The Babcock teet
is the criterion to go by.
II ia n good plan TO keep bran be-
fore the chicks all the time after they
are week or ten days old.
A perfect fleece is a certificate OF
perfect health In the sheep and OF
good management OF the flock.
Pasture is one OF the cheapest foods
for young pigs. beginning with rye and
finishing with clover and alfalfa.
Carried on in businesslike man.
ner, poultry would prove a most
profitable enterprise TO the farmer.
Hot OF fiat water does not I'LL chick
ems with enthusiasm to lay eggs. FIJI
the fountains two or three times a
day.
The quality Of milk produced by an
individual COW generally remains quite
uniform and is Influenced little II any
by feed.
Draw the line on the COW that
makes you board her for her com
pany. Put good one in her place
right on.
Do not forget TO salt the horse once
week; or. better yet. keep salt al
ways before him. He knows best how
much he needs.
The dairy COW must have a ration
from which she can produce milk II
you expect her to make a profitable
return for the feed.
A variety OF food is necessary for
the best results In feeding poultry. and
It is also cheapest because It produces
more profitable results.
A swill pail left in the room with
sweet milk will do more to spoil
whole mess OF butter than you can
undo In any possible way.
Well-bred calves that have had an
abundance OF milk. and liberal rations
OF grain before and after weaving, can
be made into prime baby beef at ten
months.
The man who has never handled
sheep should start on a small scale.
The size OF the flock can easily be in.
creased when the owner learns how
to care for H.
The ability OF COW TO produce a
certain grade OF milk Is one OF her In
herent characteristics and is so well
established as to be incapable OF ma
terial change.
One OF the greatest leaks on the
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1914-09-10

Charcoal and Grit for Chicks.
Keep the charcoal and grit where
chicks may have free access to It
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1914-09-10

AS soon as the old canes OF black.
berries and raspberries are through
fruiting. cut them out and burn them.
thus destroying many insects and fun
gous pests. The young canes need the
room.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1914-09-10

One of the greatest leaks on the
farm is the waste OF apples that are
not gathered after they have fallen
from trees. These can be used in va.
rious why's to profit.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1914-09-10

Everyone who raises poultry should
have a truck garden stocked with all
sorts OF vegetables. Cabbage is the
best kind OF silage for winter, but In
early summer nothing grows faster
than lettuce and celery. and nothing
" better for the fogls.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1914-09-10

ouack grass is a vicious weed when
II gets into a grain field. and spreads
by the large strong creeping root
stalks. crowding out grain or anything
else that is trying to grow on the
same ground.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1914-09-10

The ability OF COW TO produce a
certain grade OF milk Is one of her in.
herent chaacteristics and Is so well
established as to be incapable OF ma
terial change.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1914-09-10

II the tortured, helpless COW swats
you In the face with her tail while
fghtng the blood-sucking flies. don't
dss up in your might and whack her
over the back with the milk stool, but
act more sensibly by spraying the poor
animal with reliable fy-repeuent.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1914-09-10

All kinds OF poultry II on free range
will supply much OF their meat food
and grit by toraging. but II is werl 10
keep a supply on hand and feed It oo-
casionally TO make sure that they
have enough of theae two very neces-
eary things.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1914-09-10

What the farmers OF this country
need more than anything else is con-
structive farming. Too much OF the
work that has been conducted in the
past has been destructive. Dairy farm
ing Is pre-emlnently constructive II
well managed.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1914-09-10

The man who has never handled
sheep should start on a small scale.
The size OF the flock can easily be in.
creased when the owner learns how
to care for H.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1914-09-10

Cows know when II is milking time:
you can't fool them. Try II by making
them wait far beyond the proper hour.
and they will make you pay for II by
tho lessened amount they give.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1914-09-10

The turkeys thrive well on a bal.
anced ration of grasshoppers. alfalfa
and small grain and when marketed
at holiday time win net their owners
n tidy sum.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1914-09-10

Not every dairyman can AFFORD
$4,000 bull. but. like the bantam hen
with her eye on a goose egg. II is
good thing to keep your eye on. and
go ahead.