Evening capital news. (Boise, Idaho) 1901-1927, 1914-08-20

, held in his hands and blessed the two
American flags which are still pre-
served one in Rome and one in New
York.
Plus x. did not intend to change
the substance of the policy which his
two predecessors followed towards
Italy. His protests against the loss of
the Temporal Power, however. lost the
vehemence and bitterness which for
merly characterized them.
The strongest of his protests on this
subject was when President Loubet
disregarding the prohibition to all
Catholic rulers and heads of states to
visit the king of United Italy In his
capital, was the first, with the excep-
ton of Prince Ferdinand of Bulgaria.
since 1870, to go as guest to the OUR
inal.
This, however, was not caused by the
feeling towards Italy but much more
by the state of religious war with
France, which was the most remark
able event in the last Pontifcate and
of which many have attributed the re-
sponsibility to Plus X, while the hos
tilities had already begun under Leo
XIII.
France found imitators in Spain,
which passed in Parliament bills
against the religious congregations and
the clergy. leading to the recall OF the
Spanish ambassador accredited to the
Holy See; and in Portugal, where the
Republic proclaimed on October 8,
1910, brought about a complete separ-
alton between church and state, the ex-
pulsion of the religious congregations
and the confiscation of their proper
ties.
Relations With Italy Improved.
While such serious crises were talk
ing place between the Vatican and
some of the Latin countries, which had
been known in history as the most
faithful to the Holy Sec, the relations
with Italy, while maintaining In the
outside form the usual character of
hostility were in substance much more
cordial.
1t would take long to enumerate all
the reforms of a religious character
initiated by Plus X, such as that of re-
storing the Gregorian chants. of
preaching every Sunday from a text
from the bible, himself giving the
good example by having as long as his
strength allowed him. the faithful of
the different parishes of Reme in the
courtyard of San Damaso to hear him
explain the gospel story, and carry
ing out one after the other as pope
the same ideas and principles which he
had confessed and advocated as Bish-
op and Patriarch. One of his under
takings will leave an important mark
In the history of the Papacy--the codi-
fication of ecclesiastic law. He en-
trusted the work to an illustrious
scholar in Canon Law. Mgr. Pietro
Gasparri on whom he conferred the
Red Hat in December. 1907. Another
epoch making task was that of the re-
vision of the Vulgate, which he con-
fded to Father Francis Aidan Gasquet.
Abbot President of the English Bene-
dictine Congregation so well known as
learned historian.
Plus X. was determined to restore
the most iron discipline among the
clergy, and this led to an unrelenting
campaign against that section OF &C.
clesiastics who professed unorthodox
opinions and were called Modernists.
The encyclical promulgated on Sep
TENDER 5. 1907. condemned the Modern
lists and their doctrines.
Following this several leaders of the
Modernist movement were ex-com-
municated in Italy, England and Ger