davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1914-08-18
Where and how did the old saying
"ey hook or look" originate?

Where and how did the old saying
"By hook or look" originate?
In England formerly poor tenants Of
certain estates were allowed to 80 into
the forest with hook and crook to
get fuel and were permitted to cut such
branches as they could pull down with
hook and cut with crook. or crook
ed knife. An early English chrOnicler
says of a certain forest that 1t was
ever open and common to inha bitantS
of the village to bear away upon their
backs a burden Of lop. crop. hook.
crook and bag wood" This origin
seems reasonable. but another English
writer thinks the expression means
"foully. like thief or holly. like a
bishop. the hook being the instrument
used by footpads and the crook being
the bishops crOsier for catching men,"
The first explanation Is probably the
correct one.
Is there a city in the United States
in which the foreign born population
exceeds the native born?
Only one by the last census-viz.
Passaic, N. (which. with total
population of 54.173. had 2S.467. or ~
per cent of foreign birth. There We're
eleven other cities in each of which
the foreign born inha bitants cUnSti-
tute more than 10 per cent of the to-
tai number. and five of these We're in
Massachusetts.
First.-What is the origin Of the
word tango, the name of the new
dance? Second.-kindIy give pronun-
citation Of tango in France; also the
pronunciation used in England. Third.
What is the accepted or preferred
pronunciation Of tango in our country
and cite authority for same, please.
The word is supposed to be of Span
ish origin. Il variation of tangano (ac
cent on first syllable, a boys play
Perhaps u better derivation would be
from the Spanish fandungo accent on
second syllabe,. a lively Spanish
dance In early times fandango was
much in vogue in this country to des-
ignate a dancing party or ball. and it
is still current in Mexico. Tango.
meaning lively dance. might easily
come from fandango. During the Rus
so-Japanese war the japanese captur-
ed several Russian vessels and chang
ed their names. among them being the
Poltava, which was changed to Tango.
| and she is still in the japanese navy
under that name. or was two years
ago. This would indicate that the word
has some Japanese significance. but we
| do not know what. 1t seems to have
been current in different South Ameri'
can countries. and probably applies to
any dance of that particular kind. style
and temperamental effect. The French
pronunciation is like tahng-gO first
| syllable nasal,. but it has not yet found
its way into an English dictionary.
When was Fort San Juan do UIua
built? Did we capture Il whom We oc-
cupied Vera Cruz in the first war with
Mexico?
No naval force could capture Vera
Cruz without first capturing or sienc-
ing Fort San Juan de Ulua. which was
built expressly for the defense Of the
harbor. Vera Cruz dates from 1920.
soon after the first landing there at
Cortez. and the fort was built soon
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1914-08-18
Water For Fowls.

Be sure that the fowls have all the
water they want to drink just before
going to roOst ut night. Laying hens
require a large quantity Of water. and
even when 1t has been before them the
greater part Of the day they appear to
have ''"rving for hearty drink after
they have taken their last meal. They
will refuse water at 4 o'clock in the
afternoon and an hour or 50 later. after
ttcy have had their supper. drink as
though they were half dead with thirst
The dry grain they eat needs lots Of
moisture in order to be properly a..
simulated.
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1914-08-18

years work. Practically all late and
quick melting hens are Of the very
best layers in the flock.
In selecting your pullets bear all of
the above points in mind. which may
be summarized as follows:
Select such as show early maturity.
good size. exceptionally strong consti-
tuition. large comb and wattles and q
well developed plnnnnge. Remember.
you want Il robust appearing pullet, low
down. broad and deep bodied In 9TH
or words. select pullets which are more
than just merely head. legs, tail and
feathers This kind may be all right
for show bird. but for business
fowl you want something more. In
the case Of hens late and quick Noting
tells the story.
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1914-08-18
INDIAN RUNNER DUCKS
GOOD EGG LAYERS

Those who have raised other breeds
of ducks with good success sometimes
fail utterly with Indian Runners and
complain of their being delicate, writes
a correspondent Of the Rural New
Yorker. If few rules are followed
there is no trouble in raising large
per cent of the matches. OF course it
begins with the breeding stock. Select
vigorous mature birds and mate those
not akin, five ducks to one drake. and
not too large flock. so every one has
a good chance at the feed and water.
Let water be clean and shells kept be-
fore them always. Cracked corn is
good for a night feed, especially in cold
weather. but the main feed should be
mash. never sloppy. but just to the
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1914-08-18
Care Of Poultry.

A very little thing will make all the
difference between success and failure
In the poultry business. and in either
cuse the cause is generally with the
pOultryman and not with the breed Of
chickens he keeps. There Is more in
the feed than in the breed. and there
IL more In the proper care Of fowls
than the breed and feed both together.
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1914-08-18
Weiahinq Chickens.

To weigh chickens by hand scales.
take piece Of cloth two and one-half
w lie and one-half feet Make hole
I. the center for the birds feet and tie
he ends Of the cloth up over its wings
md in knot on its back. Hook the
scales through the knot A similar ar
rangement makes comfortable ham.
mock for holding the fowl when clean.
ing its legs and feet for exhibition.
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1914-08-18
POULTRY
ano EGGS
SELECTING THE LAYERS.
Fowls Of High Vitality Are the Pro
life Egg Producers.

rows OF High vitality Are the FRO.
life Egg Producers.
Some poultrymen contend that the
only way of successfully selecting
heavy layers is with the trap nest. but
with the present trap nests and ways
of trap nesting this is rather expensive
business. writes F. w. Kazmeier in
the Farm and Fireside.
But there are some other ways Of Sc
lecting the best Myers without any
great outlay of either money or time.
In the very first place. no weak or
low vitality fowl can or ever will be
a very good layer. because her consti-
tuition cannot stand the strain heavy
laying fowl has to endure for an entire
year or more. 1t is therefore of prime
importance that you first consider con-
stitutional vigor.
Remember. constitutionally weak
fowl has a long. thin head and beak.
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1914-08-18

Fowls cannot do well unless sup
piled with grit Some soils have
abundance of good gravel; on 9TH
ers 1t is too soft or lacks certain
mineral elements Real grit does
not wear smooth. but keeps its cut
ting edge. New England granite
makes an excellent grit. Coal ashes.
oyster shells. broken crockery and
glass are poor substitutes, glass be-
ing dangerous. The Illustration
shows a good grit hopper.
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1914-08-18

A st. Louis experiment shows that
fresh sliced banana makes better bait
for dy traps than stale beer. Who
says a fly has no sense?
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1914-08-18

afterward. 1t was the strongest forti-
fication of Mexico and the last post
held by the Spaniards in North Ameri-
ca. captivating Nov. 10. 1925. Since
passing into the possession Of Mexico
it mas been captured four times-in
1888 by the French. 1S47 by the
Americans under General Scott. in
1861 by the French in the Macmillan
movement and now again by the
Americans.
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1914-08-18

What 10 meant by the mint mark on
q coin7
1t is a small letter stamped on the
coin in the process Of minting to show
where 1t was made, the letter 20"
standing for New Orleans. IS" for San
Francisco. &c G" for Carson City and
ID" for Denver. Coins issued by the
parent mint at Philadelphia have no
mint mark.
II any one gives a check and has no
money in bank is it against the law?
Can no be punished for Il?
If he refuses to make good the
amount Of the check he can he prose-
cuted for obtaining money under false
pretenses.
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1914-08-18
What is the approximate cost Of
maintaining the armies and navies Of
the principal nations?

What 10 the approximate cost Of
maintaining the armies and navies Of
the principal nations?
The estimates or budgets of the diff
ferent governments covering two year
periods furnish an approximate esti-
mate: The cost of the British army.
according to estimates for 1913-14. will
amount to $224,300.O00. The estimates
for the navy for 1013-14 are placed at
1924. 10000 The United States army
appropriations for 1913-14 amount to
$94 .2G6145. not including the eXpendi-
ture by the several states on their ma
tona guard or the enormous sum
navy appropriations for 1013-14 amount
to $14O.S0O.643. The estimated mill
tary expenditure of the German en-
pire in the budget for l912-l3 amounts
to $lS3.09O.000. excluding expenditures
on colonial troops. The German naval
estimates for 19l3-14 amount to Sill
100000 The military budget of France
for 1918 shows an estimated eXpendi-
ture of $l9l. 431 900 for the military
csta adjustment The navy estimate for
1914 amounts to $110.571.4 400. Italy
during l913-14 expects to spend about
sol .OOO.OOe on her navy and about $S2.-
92S.000 on her army. The military
budget of Russia. ordinary and ex-
traor,linary. for 1013-14 calls for S31I.-
100000 and the navy about $1225O0.-
600 The army estimate of Austro-
Hungary for 1913 was SS2.300 600 and
the navy S42.O00,00O. The military eX-
pendture of Japan for l013-l4 will be
about 40,00OO00- The navy estimates
for 1914 amount to $4G,500,OOO.
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1914-08-18

When was Nelson O'Shaughnessy
appointed to Mexico and how long has
he been a representative Of the United
States?
He was appointed second secretary
of the embassy ut Mexico in 1911.
while Henry l.. Wilson was still am
bassador. Montgomery Schuyler OF
New York was then first secretary OF
the embassy, but later O'Shaughnessy
became first secretary, and on the re-
call Of Minister Wilson he became
charge daffalres or acting ambassador
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1914-08-18

Send the twice-a-week Herald to
your inquiring Eastern friends.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-04-26
ENGLISHMEN'S INTEREST
IN AMERICA INCREASES
They Are Reminded Of Their
South African Troubles,
Says Mark Sullivan.
>pec,ai ca6ie D,spo,ch 10 Tns srv


l.oNpoN. April 25,-Mark Sullivan. edl-
tor of golfers Weekly. sailed for New
York on the steamship ISaiserin Auguste
Victoria on Friday after having conferred
with number or eminent persons while
IN England. In an interview with THE
Sun correspondent Mr.. sullivan said:
There IL a marked increase in the IN
terest which the English people take In
America and In their knowledge OF the
details of American politics and pub
lie affaila. They look upon our Next
can troubles with AS much concern as IL
they were themselves involved and their
spirit toward us Is wholly one OF sympa-
thetic helpfulness
without exception the English leaders
OF Thought believe that we should now ac.
directly ana progressively with prompt
forcihle Int, Wontlon ana n programme OF
complete pac'lication of Mexico by POI
llctng The country throughout. They
thinks resident Wilson made "A regrottn-
lie error Al the beginning of his Admins
tratlon In undertaking to dlslodgc Presi-
dent iiu"rtG, the on" man who is strong
enough TO kap order In Mexico
The English" continued Mr.. Sullivan
'haVc had many situations like this OF
their own and have no Illusions on the
subject They know from their own .X-
poriencc especially In South Africa, that
s"utimeutality and INDIGESTION are in the
long run frlghtfully costly in blood and
money.
air sullivan said he found a tendency
of thoughtful observers here to believe
that the Mexican crisis will cause the
American people to turn toward men who
mr." experienced in tn" management Of
foreign affairs, He mentioned in this
connection cot Theodore Roosevelt. sena-
tor Root Of New York, Senator Lodge Of
Massachusetts ana John Rassett Moore
the former Counsellor Of the State De-
partment, MIR. Sullivan said he found
Englishmen watching for the return from
the jungle of Col. Theodore Roosevelt
with an Interest which would surprise
Americans.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-04-26

sisted upon coming az representing the
union and the operators declined To
treat with them as such. The operators
on their side agreed to every demand
presented except the one of recognition.
Upon that rock they split
You viii enter into a written agree
mont VITA the union" said The strikers.
We Will close our plants forever
first" was the answer
Tho union ratified the action of its
committee and the strike was on again.
ON December the Federal Grand Jury
at Trinidad returned Indictments against
the international union officials and
district leaders Il the coal miners
charging them with conspiracy To re-
strain interstate commerce.
At the same time the Grand Jury re-
turned IA presentment against some OF
the operators. They had failed to obey
State laws. they had so mixed in poll
l!Cs that in several counties they con-
tru,l"d every official; they ran saloons.
they paid in scrip; they ran company
stores and conducted thvr camps with
all the iutcN!hl" rule of Eastern despots.
After this the strike was continued
with greater bitterness. Arms and am
mun.Uon appeared ~ the possession of
the strikers. The machine guns and
rifles Of IN" guards, which had been
hidden out in the hills. came back. Be
tween the Two sides the militia held
the middle ground.
The entire district WIS declared under
martial law. y military court was or
gained where undosrahlcs were tried
ana sentenced, sometimes 20 Jail, oftcner
70 deportation. The irregular firing be-
gan again AT nightfall THIS time the
mlltiamcu We're not overlooked and
some Of them We're wounded. More OF
the strikers We're killed aud more mines
burned.
Then came the Mother Jones incident
Mother Jones. stormy petrol of Amer
| Ira's labor situation, appeared in The
district on January Z, She was fresh
/ from West Virginia ana its strikes. and
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-04-26

she had been sent for because It was
reported that many of the miners liv-
ing in the large tent colony near Lud-
low were wavcr. ing. They were giving
way 10 the long strain and short ra-
tons.
Mother Jones was to go To Ludlow
and brace them up. She never reached
there. She was met at the Trinidad
station by file of soldiers. taken in
custody. fed. put back on n train and
told not to come back. Mother Jones
IL SO years old but she is of stern stuff.
She Went out on the train and cam"
back again: this time To- 70 to jail.
where she was hold incommunicado.
Sen,imentalists East and West worked
on the impressionnble strikers after this
incident. In day or two the district
was blazing. Killings were resumed and
burnings followed
\ parade Of protest by women and
children was organized in Trinidad for
January 20. one thousand Of them APP
Feared for the march and went up
against "A company of mounted infantry
men. They were commanded to halt.
Just Mt that moment. So the strikers
have said. the Adjutant General was
thrown from his horse and the women
jccrcd
Soon after an order tn charge was
giNen. -Four women and a ten-year- old
boy We're badly sabred. Eighteen per
song. Including eight women. were
dragged off To Jail. The killing was re
summed. Five men were killed around
the mines Of Hastings. Six men. three
women and "A child were killed in a
night attack.
During al this time out In the iso-
lated camps as well as in the towns he
shooting went ON nightly. Men Were
shot down in streets controlled by the
miners, miners themselves disappeared,
never 10 be seen again. The militia
could only rush from place TO place,
doing the best ii could.
The Routt county taxpayers took the
initiative themselves ON January g.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-04-26
AMERICAN WOMEN GIVE
THE DANSANT IN BERLIN
Marcrlla Craft Appears in Gala
Performance at Munich
Royal Opera.
Spread ooIi. De,po,ca 10 Tns ST..

HERLlN. .\pr!l ga the dausunt ON the
hotel cabaret programme Tor TIE hcneat
of the American Womru's club. under tho
patronage ot Ambassador and Mrs. Cie-
rard' was great success ana the Social
event Of the week. The fenture was a
drawing for magnificent dress given
by the dressmakeIs who rccciv. the lcad-
ing American trade. This was Won bv
ltaly's bachelor Amhnssador. Sienor Roll
latti, who returned il to be drawn oyer
again.
M.tcclla craft. tin American singer.
gave glia performance at the Munich
Royal Opera, i'm honor Of Archduhc Franz
Ferdinand, the heir to the Austrian
throne, She sans tho role OF AHtouu
IN THE Tales of iiuffmann" with great
success
party of Americans, Whoh Included
l,r g. T. Jacobs, Mr ana Mrs ,;coIg"
lihmNh' Mr, and Mrs klur clarke. and
Mr and Mrs Howard Wolls went to
lp"sSm on sunday as the guests of the
composer, - attend the premiere or Tho
Holy MUuntun' h., christian Sud.nu.
The orchcstrHu"u Of the opera Is hcau-
tiul but the critics say tho action Is SLOW
ana the them" na'v" and too simple t.
S.N" an opportunity for good voices
The scene of the opera ia laid on Noun,
Nhls, whrrc monks have hreu living for
many years. without ever having seen 4
woman Tn" story " than uf u young
monk, who has never seen "A woman until
N" accidentally meets one when he VS. Fl
Years o,d. iie Immediately toucAcs her IN
"A sinful manner,
Paul Ticten's new opera, the produr-
ton of which has already been post
ponod ON duo occasion 10y thr ccnSors Na-
arn'n been held NJ through the financial
fu.lur" of the Mahala Theatre. whrr,
Il was to lee eiN,u. Tho WaltI,S and
marches uf thr opera ace alr,ll> hciur
played 10y Iicrliu orchcsiras with great
favor,
/ q. r.. Tenor, brothor or Gov Trr,r of
| Pennsylvania. and Mrs Tcuer and Their
two daughters are AT tho Hotel Adlun.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-04-26

The district then was strictly non
union. There is no question that the
wages were as high as in any mine
field OF the United States. A Grand Jury
investigation found that the men aver
aged s3.s4 for u days work
But there were many abuses. Give
companies absolute power over their
workmen and some companies Will take
advantage OF II. 1t Is not charged that
the big companies particularly were
guilty OF this The little fellows also
had camps and full control. The COM
pany stores were in full swing and
workmen were compelled to trade at
them.
The Federal Grand Jury at Trinidad
found that while wages had increased
30 per cent. In the ten years of peace
the cost Of living had increased 60 per
cent. The prices at the stores We're
exorbitant: the rent of company houses
was excessive. In some camps they
did not pay in cash at all. but in script
which could only be used AT the stores
in trade. In one or two eases 1t was
found that the companies controlled the
saloons. In one case the saloon man
was assessed forty cents month for
every person on the payroll. lie had
to make that up as best he could.
There was unrest for n year before
violence began In the region. The
agents Of the Industrial Workers OF the
World went through the district,
preaching discomfort and socialism. The
Italians received anarchy first hand
through their own compatr!ots. \ few
politicians, wholly selfish, preached dis
content
Organizers OF the United Mine Work
ers OF the World had the nucleus Of
local unions in various camps. Early in
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-04-26

world is bound NJ with the futur" Of IA"
German" OF what others vaguely call the
Aryan race. which /. regarded rs the true
white race amid the sea of Crlts. Slavs.
Poles and Srmite-.
The ideas OF the book are many of them
absurd, but they are very much wha; one
can CLEAN from conversation with u PTus-
sian Junker. and are applauded by the Con-
servatINr press
BY pos \. u. the Continent has changed
surprisingly. AustOa-iiungary has dis
appeared. and Il great Slavonlc ruler. Nladl-
mir, rules from the Baltic 10 the Adriatic.
France has ceased to count, AZ there the
active race" IL extinct and the country ~
in the hands of the primitive Monaghan
race. Italy is practically the NasSal of the
Slav Empire. England on the other hand.
after passing through a critical period has
regenerated herself by importing Germanic
blood from Scandinavia and setting Nor
wegian peasants Oh her soil.
Sweden il. of course the chief bulwark
against the Slav. and In n spirited congress
which takes place AT Berlin in the hour of
danger between England. Norway, Dem
mark. Switzerland. Holland and Germany
her King recalls with pride the events of
the present day-thc Efforts of sven Hcdin
and the awakening of the peasants to The
Russian danger Incidentally he re-
proaches the English envoy tor England :
pro-kussian policy OF iouE ago and for her
former deserlion of the Gcrmanic cause.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-04-26
Three Hundred Men, Women and
Children Killed in Battles in a Coal
District SinceLast SEPTEMBER Limited
Mine Workers of America in Fight for
Recognition as a Union Has Dehed
Entire State

first missionaries thai conditions were
all wrong they speedily believed that
the mine workers would make condi-
tons all right. OF the $4,000 miners Of
the district 1900 joined the unions.
which at once formulated demands. The
1900 We're sufficient to control the sit
uation. The remainder OF the men ex-
cept very few dared not openly OPP
pose the movement.
The demands were seven In number:
/. The miners to have the privilege
of choosing the check weigh man. who
measured the coal as mined.
.. Miners to be permitted to trade at
any store.
g. Paydays to be bi.weekly in cash
with all script abolished
l. Working conditions TO be made bet
ter.
). The union to be recognized.
6. \ 10 per cent. advance in pay.
:. An eight hour day.
The operators declined at once to re-
ceive delegations as representative of
the union, but consented to see any OF
them as representing the workmen.
The operators had by this time organ
lied an association which appointed
committees TO handle the affair.
The first conference in September
under that arrangement had promise Of
peace. The operators declared that the
first and second demands had never
been denied They had no objection
10 the miners check weighman and
could not enforce q demand for trade
At any store. They consented To the
third demand The fourth. they said was
governed by the laws of Colorado. which
were numerous. They agreed 10 aid in
the enforcement of them. They refused