The Hartford republican. (Hartford, Ky.) 18??-1926, 1914-10-09
some NOTABLE
WARS OF HISTORY
Conflicts Discussed by Not
ed Kentucky Historian.
DR. James X. Patterson, Ex-Pres'
u. of K. Writes Article For
Lexington Leader.

~ the varfare of tribes and clans
and nations soom up largely and &C.
cupy a prominent place in the annals
of the aga-
All aresaeoaogists and all histor-
.ians agree 0at. after eliminating
myth and legend. there remains a
substantial basis of fact. 1t is the
business of the critic to eliminate
these and to conserve what re-
mains.
In placing before our readers brief
" few Of the great contests which
have occurred and the designations
by which they are more or less ia
miliarly known, we may call atten-
ton to the fact that authentic writ
ten contemporary records carry us
back but little beyond the period of
the Persian wars.
The Persian Wars.
After subduing the Semitic popu-
lations in Asia Minor. Syria, Baby
lonia and Bactriana Darius, the sue
cessor Of Cyrus. attempted to sub
jugate the Greeks on the western
shores of the Aegean Sea and on the
mainland of Greece.
The Persian war lasted from 400
B. c., to 479, during which time
there were fought the battles OF
Marathon and Platae and the sea
fight of Salamis, ending in the COM
plete defeat of the Persians.
After repeated intermittent trials
of strength the great contest be-
tween the east and west eliminated
in the expedition of Alexander the
Great, who invaded Persia in 334 B.
c. He defeated the Persian king in
the battles Of the Granicus Issus and
Arbela, overran and annihilated the
Persian empire, extending his do
minion ovr the intervening space be-
tween Persia and the Himalayas, and
including northern India as far as
the Sntlej.
The War OF the DiOdOchOi.
After the death of Alexander, the
unity of h is vast empire was not long
maintained. The supremacy was
claimed BY half a dozen or more of
his great generals, and ended, after
the defeat OF Antigonus at Ipsus, in
sol B. c., in the partition of the
empire among the rival commanders
whose kingdoms survived until they
were conquered and absorbed by
Rome.
The PeiOp0nnesian War.
After the defeat of the Invasions |
of Darius aud Xerxes in 490-479 |
Athens grew rapidly as a sea power.
and Sparta as a military power. The
rivalry between them for the leader
ship Of Greece eliminated in the
Peloponnesian war, which lasted
from 431 B. C. to 404. 1t ended in
the fall of Athens and the overthrow
of AtheniaD supremacy.
THO i'anic Wars.
While Romo was engaged in the
Of Italy, she came into col
lision with her great rival for Medit-
erranean 6omiDion, Carthage. The
result was the first Punic war, 264
b. e, to 24l, which ended in the de-
feat of Carthage upon whom humil-
iating coBditiOAs Of peace were i'm
posed by tho victor; the second Pu-
mic war, 2tg r. c, TO 201, in which
brought Rome to the brink
of destruGlt0s. but which ended in
The utter defeat of Carthage in the
battle Of Hans. which the loss of all
her oversee dominions;and the third
Punic war in li9 b. c., to LAG, Switch
ended in the complete destruction of
Carthage.
INC Samnite Wars.
The first. second and third Sam
mite wars wore wagcd between the
Samnites aad Rome 343 b. c.. to
$50. The Ssingltes occupied South I
Central Italy and contested the SUI
premacy of Rome. They were ulti-
mately suhdu ID and obtained equal
ity OF civil rights vita the Romans,
in SS b. c. {
Roman Cty.l Wars.
Three civil wars stand out con- ,
spicuous In the annals of Rome.
The first. between Marius and Syl- /
la, in 82-79. resulted in the utter de- [,
feat of the former. followed by the
prescriptions of Syila, who declared {
himself dictator, but abdicated and
retired TO priv lte life 70 b. c.
The second civil war, in which
Caesar and Pompey were contestants
Tor supremacy. ended In the defeat
Of the latter al Pharsalia in as b. c.,
and the dictatorship OF the victor I