davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Detroit times., 1914-11-05
Total amount .Si3s.I
dEoRGE II. FENRELL.

Accepted and by unanimous consent
Aid. Littleheid offered the following.
nieation from The Department OF pub
lie Works that the paving as per con-
tract confirmed the 9Th day of Oct.
1914. on Alley No. sos. all alleys be-
held avenues. has been fully completed;
Whereas, said alley has been exam
in~d by tho Department OF Public
Works, and the paving OF said alley has
cordance with the contract and specin-
cations FOR the same: therefore
Resolved. First. That the said paw :
ing within the limits above mentioned
be and Is hereby accepted.
Resolved, Second. That the City Con-
troller be and Is hereby authorized 20
draw his warrant on the city Treas
urer In payment Of the intersections:
etc, of said alley 10 the amount OF
due the contractors from the city Tor
paving said Intersections. etc. and Tor
the sum OF $500. the same being the
cost OF advertising. blanks and inspec-
Resolved. Third. That the City Con-
! trolier be and he Is hereby directed TO
prepare ALLEY paving bonds" In ae-
cordance with the provisions OF Secs
ter Of the city OF Detroit. as amended
BY an Act OF the Legislature approved
June g. 1901 such bonds to bear inter-
est at the rate Of four per cent per
annum.
/ Yeas-Aid. Barnett. Behiow, Bell.
Case De Gaian. DIN. Field. Freiwald.
Guthard. Hindle. Jakel, Knapp. Lemp-
Ike, Lttieheld, Lodge, MOVIE. o. Brisn.
Owen. Rut,sr. sehult,, sk w,
Wilson and the President-27.
Nays-None.
The Detroit times., 1914-11-05
From the Controller.

To the Honorable the Common Council:
mission Is about TO send Information
In reference TO employees OF the Water
Board. TO this Department In order
that the Water Board may legally pay
its employees. IL will be niece ssary that
this Information be transmitted
through this Department. This will
necessitate tho employment OF an adj
ditional clerk In our department. and
we therefore respectfully request that
we be permitted TO hire same and
charge to the funds turned over to this
department by the Department OF the
Chief Accountant,
Respectfully submitted.
GEO. ENGEI4
Controller.
Accepted and referred to COMMITTEES
on Ways and Means.
The Detroit times., 1914-11-05
From the Department Of Parks and
BouIevards.

To the Honorable the Common Council:
Gentlemen--In response to an adj
vertissment In the public press this
for the pony privilege at Palmer Park
for a term OF one year:
Belle Isle Pony Livery Co. ...tls0.00
Contract has been awarded TO them
Body In respectfully requested.
Very truly yours,
WIN. T. DUST,
Referred TO the comnittes on Parks
and Eouleyards 7U
The Detroit times., 1914-11-05

To the Honorable the Common Councils
Gentlemen-The Department OF PUP
lie Works respectfully reports that the
paving OF Pennsylvania avenue. under
the contract confirmed the nth day
of Aug, 1914, Is fully completed from
the south line OF alley south OF 0ratiot
avenue TO the south curb line OF era
The pavement Is OF cedar on concrete
and has been examined by the Depart
ment of Public Works, and found TO
be In accordance with tho contract and
specifications for the same.
There Is due the contractors for paw
ing said avenue as follows:
For Intersections, etc. ...... .e146.sS
For cost of advertising. blanks
and inspectors salary $1,000. 24.0o
Total amount .;.............s7 7o7s
A GEORGE H. FENKELL.
Commissioner.
| Accepted. and by unanimous consent
Alderman Littlefield offered the follow
Whereas, 1t appears from a commun-
ication from the Department or Public
Works that the paving as per contract
on Pennsylvania avenue from the south
line OF alley south OF Gratiot avenue
TO the south curb line Of Gratiot ave-
nue. has been fully compieted; and
amined by the Department OF Public
Works. and the paving OF said avenue
has been found to have been done In
accordance with the contract and spe-
cifications for the same: therefore
Resolved, First. That the said paw
ing within the limits above mentioned
| be, and Is hereby accepted.
Resolved. Second, That the City Con-
troller be. and is hereby authorized 20
draw his warrant on the City Treas
urer In payment Of the Intersections.
, etc. OF said avenue ~ the amount Of
s746.7s. the same being the full amount
/ due the contractors from the city for
paving said Intersections etc. and Tor
the sun Of $1,000. the same being tho
cost Of advertising, blanks, and In
Resolved. Third. That the City Con.
troller be, and he In hereby directed "a
prepare street paving bonds. In ac-
cordance with the provisions OF Secs
~ and IS of Chapter IL OF the Charter
of the City OF Detroit, as amended by
an Act of the Legislature approved
June 9Th. 1901. such bonds TO bear In
tercst at the rate Of four per cent. per
annum.
Adopted as follows:
! Yeas--Ald. Barnett, Behlow. Bieil,
Case, De Galan. Dill. Field, Freiwald,
! Guthard. Hindle, Jakel. Knapp, Isemp-
Ike. Lttieheid. Lodge. Move, O'BrIsn,
| Owen, Rutter. Schultz. Skrzycki,
Thompson, Vernon. wartell wenxel
Wilson and the Prcsident-27.
Nays-None.
The Detroit times., 1914-11-05

A. by AID. BARNETT.
MOO Shaarey Zedlck Congrega-
1 Cor permission TO extend retaining
|Sferred TO Committee on Streets.
BY AID. CASE:
Nor John Spranger for the can
&lon OF a sidewalk assessment.
@orred to Committee on Streets.
W BY AID. BLEIL:
1l--Of Sylvester Marion for the
sfsrred to Committee on street
BY AID. SCHULTZ:
.1S--Of II. L Herrick OF al. for the
ina OF Rusch avenue, extending
= Jefferson TO Ksrcheval avenues
The Detroit times., 1914-11-05
From Department Of Public Works.

To the Honorable the Common c-Saell'
Gentlemen--The Department OF 49,
lie Works respectfully reports thRt tne
Antoine. Hastings. brewster and VIII
kins streets under the contract con
firmed the 2sth day OF Sept. 1914 Is
The pavement is OF one course con-
crete and has been examined by the
Department OF Public Works ana
found TO be I'm accordance with the con-
tract and specifications Tor the same
There Is due tho contractors for paw
ing said alley as follows:
For intersections. etc .,....... .s2l.vs
For cost OF advertising. blanks
and Inspectors salary ,....,.. aoV
Total amount ...:,........s 23.s2
Respectfully.
GEO. H. FENKELI.
Accepted. and by unanimous consent
Alderman Lttieheld offered the fol-
lowing:
whereas. It appears from commun-
ication from the Department OF Pubic
confirmed the 18th day Of Sept. iSii
on alley No. ssi. between 81 Antoine.
has besn fufiy eom Sae and '
Whereas. Said alley has been exam
lned by the Department of Public
Works and the paving OF said alley
accordance with the contract and spe-
cincations for the same; therefore
Resolved. First. That the said paw.
Ing within the limits above mentioned
be, and Is hereby accepted.
Resolved. Second. That the City Con
troller be. and IL hereby authorized 10
draw his warrant on the City Treas
urer In payment OF the intersections.
etc. OF said alley 10 the amount OF
$2l.92, the same being the full amount
due the contractors from the city for
paving said intersections, etc, and for
the sum OF $500. the same being tbs
cost OF advertising. blanks. and In
spector's salary.
Resolved. Third. That the City Con-
troller be. and he Is hereby directed 70
prepare alley paving bonds, In accord
ance with the provisions OF Secs. AZ and
43 OF Chapter IL OF the Charter OF the
City of Detroit. as amended by an Act
Of the Legislature approved June 9Th,
1901, such bonds to bear interest at the
rate Of four per cent. per annum.
Adopted as fellows:
Yeas--Ald. Barnett. Behlow. Bleit
Case. De Galan, Dill. Field. Freiwald
Guthard. Hindie. Jakel. Knapp. Lamp
Ike, Littleheld. Lodge Movie, O'Bricn
owen. Rutter. SchpItz, Sk-zycki
Thompson. Vernon. wartell wenxel
Wilson and the President-27
N0VA-N0nG.
The Detroit times., 1914-11-05
From the Controller.

To the Honorable the Common Council:
Gentlen,en-I beg to report that
have beer served withna writ OF man
damus isAued out OF the Circuit Court
for the County OF Wayne, enjolning the
kelberg In the position OF First As
sistant Boiler Inspector: also to pay
to him back-salary In the sum OF
s24553.
In this connection. beg to inform
your Honorable Body that there Is no
available appropriation for the purpose
OF complying with this order OF the
Respectfully submitted,
GEO. ENGEL.
Controller.
Referred to Committee on Ways and
Means.
Aid. Dill entered and took his seat.
The Detroit times., 1914-11-05
|NM0N COUNCIL
foFFIcIAL.)

toFFIcIAL.)
<t Detroit. Nov. 4. lglt
@>nuant TO adjournment the Coun-
10 called 10 order by the Presi-
a Harry j. Dingeman.
5ont Aid. Behiow, Bleil, Case.
frSiwaid. Guthard. Hindle. Jhk.
harp, Leinpke. Littieneld. Lodge.
jfHrien. owen. Rutter, schultx.
>kI Thompson, Vernon, Wartell.
IN. Wilson and the President.
1re being n quorum present the
.<li WAS declared 70 be In session.
q journal OF the preceding meet
Maz approyed
The Detroit times., 1914-11-05
From pepartment OF public Works

To the Honorable the Common Council:
Gentiemen-The Department Of Pub
lie Works respectfully reports that the
contract confirmed the 7th day OF July.
1914 Is fully completed from the south
westerly line Of Grand River avenue
The pavement IL OF cedar on con-
crete and has been examined by the
Department. of Public Works. and
found TO be In accordance with the
same.
There is due the contractors for paw
ing said avenue as follows:
For cost Of advertising. blanks
and Inspectors salary 49,. $500
Total AMOUNT sant.:;,u, ;,......'i.s'4.4s
GEo, II. fENKELL
Commissioner.
Accepted. and by unanimous consent
Alderman Littleheld offered the fol-
whereas. II appears from commun-
ication from the Department OF Public
Works that the paving as per contract
Pselfc avenue from the southwesteriy
line OF Grand River avenue TO the east
line OF r. c. 26o has been fully COM
whereas said avenue has been ex-
amined by the Department Of Public
Works, and the paving OF said avenue
has been found 10 have been done In
accordance with the contract and spe-
cifioations foe the same; therefore
Resolved, First. That the said paw
ing within the limits above mentioned
be, and Is hereby accepted.
Resolved. Second. That the City Con-
trolicr be. and is hereby authorized to
draw his warrant on the City Treas
arer in payment OF the Intersections,
etc, OF said avenue TO the amount at
t17Ss45, the same being the full
amount due the contractors from the
city for paving said Intersections. etc,
and for the sum OF 5000 the Same
being the cost OF Advertising. blanks
Resolved. Third, That the City Con-
troller be, and he In hereby directed
TO prepare street paving bonds I'm nc-
cordance with the provisiona-of Secs.
~ and az of Chapter IL OF the Charter
of the City OF Detroit. ms amended by
an Act of the Legislature approved
June 9Th. 1901. such bonds 10 bear In
terest at the rate OF four per cent per
annum.
Adopted as follows:
Yeas--Aid. Barnett, Behlow Bell.
Case DE Galan. Dill Field. Freiwald.
Guthard. TIindie, Jakel. Knapp. Lemp-
Ike. IIttIeeeld, Lodge Nowc. O'Brien.
owen. Rutter, schultz. skrzyckL
Thompson. Vernon warteli,s wentel.
Wilson ard the Presldent-27.
The Detroit times., 1914-11-05
From Department, Of Public Works.

To the Honorable the common NovhSu.
sessmsna rolls Nos fsts. 1855 1921.
1855. 1910 and 1911, for e. cons,Tuetiso1r
e SssS la' sss ' ssss a U.s. asss 1855
1858. 1850 and 26el,e said assessment
rolls having been made according 20
a resolution Of your . MonSrsols sod az:
same published In the official news
paper OF the City OF Detroit. a. pre-
scribed by the Ordinances OF said city
tached hereto is a communication from
the Corporation Counsel stating that
the proceedin gs taken In relation 70 the
sns that ali ss
requirements have been complied with.
Respectfully submltted
GEORGE II. FENkELL.
Mr.. Geo. II. Fenkell, Commissioners Of
Dear sir-I am returning herewith
ssss ,s sippsssg N ssss i ass ISL 1885,
sS47. as4s and 2s4s. which are found TO
Be in compliance with the charter and
Tours 's'S%SM . +. TARsNEY.
Asst Corporation Counsel.
by Received Md That assessment rolls Nos
1855. 1855 1857. 1850. 1861. 1862, 1853.
1855 1867, 1858. 1889, 1910 and 1871, for
the construction OF lateral sewers NOS.
ss.s ssts 1s a sss; ssss so a ssa issssi i
transmitted BY the Department OF Pub
lie Works In accordance with the ordi-
nances in such. case made and provid-
ed. be and the. same are hereby ap-
proved and confirmed.
Adopted as follows:
Yeas-Ald. Barnett. Behlow, Bleil.
Burton. Case, De Galan. Dill, Field.
Freiwald. Guthard. Hindle. Jaksl,
Krnpp. Lempke. Littleneld, Lodge.
MOVIE. o'Brier. owen. Rutter. schuit!
Skrxycki, Thompson. Vernon. Wartell,
wenzei. Wilson and the President-5s,,
Nays-None. "a =.
The Detroit times., 1914-11-05
From the Controller.

To the Honorable the Common Council:
Gentlemen beg TO inform your
Honorable Body that. In addition 70
poses In the regular estimates. which
is what In known as q "cut item.' this
department will also approve OF vouch-
ers covered by the Appropriation OF
$500 from the Contingent Fund. au-
thorixed by q resolution adopted At q
session held Oct. 20, 1914
The signs to be used for newly open
ed streets. and where the names of
streets have been changed.
Respectfully submitted,
GEO. ENGEL.
Controller.
Accepted ana placed on fie.
The Detroit times., 1914-11-05
'coMMuN,cAr,oNs.


Richard Lindsay:
|oor Slr---I abeg TO advise you that
mayor has revoked peddier license
|0hn Russo, 235 sMuflet street. IL
- number $50. because OF COM
~ made by Edward Paddle Of the
Uecinct
~ ALVIN B. HICKS.
81 Lieut.. OF Police. Mayors Office.
|1oepted and placed on ale.
The Detroit times., 1914-11-05

To the Honorabls the Common Council:
Gentlemen-At the last moment u
became necessary to build complete
seven CD new election booths and.
there being no money In the appropria-
ton In the General Fund for that pur-
pose. the Department recommends tina.
the payroils Tor labor and bills for
material for the same be paid from the
Contingent Fund.
Respectfully submitted,
,GEORGE n FENKELL.
Commissioner.
BY Aid. Vernon:
Resolved. THAT the bills for labor
and material used In the construction
Of seven (7) new election booths BY
the Department % Public Works be
paid from tho Contingent Fund and
that the Controller be and Is hereby
authorized TO make the proper entries
on his books.
Afnptcd a. follows
yeas--Aid. Barnett. Rehiow. Bleil.
Case. he Gaian. Dill Field FreiwaId.
outhnrc, Hlndle. Jalsel Knapp. LenIp-
Ike, IIttIefeld I.odge Movie. O'Brien.
Owen, gutter schultz 81 ~zycki.
Thompson. Vernon. warteil wenzeL
Wilson ard the President-27I
N1ye--Noue.
The Detroit times., 1914-11-05
From oepsrtment OF Public Works.

To the Honorable the Common Council
Gentlemen--in order to- complete the
work. l would recommend the transfe1
OF siet from the sub-fund In the Gar
The Detroit times., 1914-11-05

Accepted and leave being granted the
toiiowtnk resolution was cnered;
BY Aid. Ruttsr:
Rssoiyed. By tho Common Council 81 81
TO construct yltrihed crock lateral sew
ers In tbs, followins alleys. TO- VII:
Sewer No; ass, ~ alleys IN Die e.,ss
Line. Euclid and Pingree avenues. .
sewer No. ssss.p Pr IN alley in in blocks
s Hns'a anS finspcs sysnss. 'u
And IL Is hereby declared that this
s sss . had Of c snass sssS aS % Sns
ss sS % e chag ss a s Sss sa
snsri1in the SemI sS cosns,i 90
lateral sewers or drains for the pur,
pose OF more effectualiy draining all
lots or cellars. yards and sinks when.
ever In their opinion the same shall
Rssolss ed. That for the purpose OF as
sessment for defraytng and paying the
srs, the lots and parcels OF real estate
within the limits OF each OF said alleys
and abutting thereon through which
each ;. o. said sr. . .s: forth ssS s
scribed In the. plat thereof submitted
by the Department OF Public Works.
shall be and the. same IL hereby eon,,
assessment district for the lateral sew
ers SO constructed.
and il hereby ordered and directed TO
make an assessment on the lots and
parcels OF real estate within the hmit1
OF each of said lateral sewers ana
abuttlng thereon according TO the benz
eht said lots and parcels OF real e.
tate shall receive from said Improve
And be Il further resolved that the
Cemmissioner OF Public Works be and
IL hereby instructed to cause such
sewer or sewers TO be constructed by
his department
Adopted as follows:
Yeas--Ald. Barnett. Behlow. Bleil.
Case, De Gaian. Din. Fold. Freiwsid.
0uthard, Hindie, Jakel, Knapp. lamp
ke. uttieneld. Lodge. MOVIE. o'Brien.
owen. Rutter. Schultz. Skrzycki.
Thompson. Vernon. wartoll. wenxel.
Wilson and the President-eI.
Aid. Burton entered and took shis
seat
The Detroit times., 1914-11-05

To the Honorable the Common Council:
Gentlemen--I beg TO report that, In
accordance with q resolution OF your
Honorabis Body adopted at a session
held Oct. Is, 1914. Frank 3. Leland
has paid into the City Treasury the
sum OF $17s.61. In the matter OF the va
nue., and west Of Burns avenue.
Respectfully submitted.
GEO. ENGEL.
Controller.
Accepted ana placed on file.
The Detroit times., 1914-11-05

From Department Of Public Works.
To the Honorable the Common Council;
The Detroit times., 1914-11-05
Prom the Controller.

ne Honorable the Common Council:
n6tiemen--The following Reports OF
\ Officers for the week ending Sat-
~. October 81. 1914. are respect
Tressurers Disburse-
The Detroit times., 1914-11-05
Total amount $3.50.
Respectfully,
GEO. II. FENKELL.
L. a.,

commissioner
Accepted. and by unanimous consent.
Aid. Lfttlefeld offered the following
Whereas, IL appears from a commu-
nicatfon from the Department OF Pub
lie Works that the paving as per con-
1914, on Alcxandrine avenue from the
east line OF McDougail avenue TO the
west line OF Moran street has been
fully completed; and
amined by the Department OF Public
Works, and the paving OF said avenue
has been found 10 have been done In
accordance with the contract and spec
Resolved. First, That the said paw
ing within the limits above mentioned
be and IL hereby accepted.
Resolved. Second. That the City Con-
troiler be and Is hereby authorized TO
draw his warrant on the City Treas
urer In payment OF the Intersections
etc, OF said avenue 10 the amount OF
ss23.i?. the same being the full amount
paving said intersections. etc. and for
the sun, Of SIS. the snme being the cost
Of Advertising. blanks and inspectors
Resolved. Third. That the City Con-
troller be and he r. hereby directed to
prepare street paving bonds" In ac-
cordance with the provisions Of Secs
so and % OF CHAPTER II OF the chsrter
I'm Act Of the Legislature approved
June 6, 1901. such bonds 10 bear i'm
tsrost AZ the rate OF four per cent per
annurn
Yeas--Aid. Barnett. pehiow. Bell.
Case DC Calan. piil Field, Freiwald,
iGuthard rTindie, Jakei. Knapp tcmp-
te IittleaeId f,odee Move, O'Bviep.
Oven, Rattsr sen w1r,.u sy WE,
wilson ard the President--27.
Nays--ANone.
The Detroit times., 1914-11-05
From the controIlsr.

From the Controller.
To the Honorable the Common Council:
Gentlemen hereby report that this
Department has examined the account
on the books OF the Board OF Poor
Commissioners entitled House OF Cor
rection Fund" and find as follows:
Oct. ]. ls14-Balance on
hand s,22s o.
RECEIPTS
Oct, 6-Refund on check
No. 2so3. issued Sept "a.
lSl4 .................... w
DISBURSEMENTS.
Oct. 1 to 81 inclusive. .....s $50 90
8 $3.50 o.
Add checks outstanding 1s5 90
Balance In Central Savings
bank, Nov. I, 1914....s 5,535 %
Respectfully submitted,
The Detroit times., 1914-11-05

bank, Nov. 1, 1s14...s 5,535 o.
Respectfully submitted,
GEORGE ENGE1.
Controller.
Accepted and placed on file.
Aid. Barnett entered and took his
seat.
The Detroit times., 1914-11-05

TO the Honorable the Common Councils
conference.-the Department OF Pub
lie Works respectfully reports that the
paving OF Alexandrine avenue under
the contract confirmed the 9th day Of
June, 1914 Is fully completed from tho
east line OF McDougall avenue to the
west line OF Moran street.
The pavement II of asphaltic. concrete
and has been examined by the Depart
ment Of Public Works, and found 10
be I'm accordance with the contract and
specifications for the same.
There Is due the contractors for
paving said avenue rs follows.
For Intersections, etc. ........ sS2319
For cost OF Advertising blanks
and Inspectors salary ... 1900
-
The Detroit times., 1914-11-05

lie Works respectfully reports that
between chens. orandy. Canheld and
Garfield avenues, under the contract
Is fully completed,
The paving IL OF one-course concrete
and has been examined By the Depart
be In accordance with ths contract and
specifications for the same.
There II due the contractors for paw
Ing said alley as follows:
For Intersections, etc. .sist.14
For cost OF advertising, blanks
and inspectors salary ....,.,, 800
The Detroit times., 1914-11-05

MARKET FUND.
1o-welt q Sons Paper Co..
WigRle. hay >. 80
The Detroit times., 1914-11-05

& koospted and referred to the Com
I<loo on Ways and Means.
The Detroit times., 1914-11-05

Accepted and placed on fiie.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1914-05-19
TOTAL ECLIPSE
OF sun AUG. q.
MANY ASTRONOMERS WILL
MAKE A STUDY OF sTRIK-
ING PHENOMENON.
PARTIAL IN ..UNIlEO STATES
Moon Will Pass Between Sun and
Earth On Midsummer
DAY.
PARTIAL IN ..UNIlEO STATES

WAshingto, May 1S-The eclipse
Of the sun on August II nex;-total
in part of Europe and Asia and pa"-
tial in northwestern Americas a..
tracing the widespread attention Of
astronomers and scientists, various
expeditions being arranged to witness
this phenomena. In view of the public
interest in the event, Prof. C. G. Alb
bolt, head of the astronomical branch
OF the Smithsonian Institution, and a
recognized authority on solar phen-
omena, gives the following popular
account of the eclipse, and the scien-
tific results sought from such events.
Between Earth and Sun. ...
On August 81. 1914 the moon will
pass exactly between the earth and
the sun, and there will be total So
lar eclipse. 1t will not be observed
in America, except as a small partial
eclipse at sunrise in the northern
states and Canada, but in Persia, Rus
STA and Scandinavia the full effect
will be seen. },%"
Smaller and Nearer
Although the moon looks about the
same size as the sun, it is very much
and nearer. Tho sun is $685.
coo miles III diameter and 100000
miles away, while the moon is 2,163
miles in diameter and 23S 900 miles
away. On account Of the moons
small size compared with the sun the
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1914-05-19

ciOus time should be wasted. They OBJ
serve with the eye and the photo
graphic plate to determine the exact
times of totality and the form and
extension of the corona. They photo
graph the spectrum of the corona, and
also that of the bright colorcd ring
of light which lies at it's base just
on the edge of the sun. They measure
the brightness of the sky and of tho
corona, and make many other obser-
vations useful in learning about the
nature of the sum-
T.. Many Will Study Eclipse.
Many European and American par
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1914-05-19

ties propose to observe The coming
Eclipse Russians and Scandi-
navians, being on the ground, will be
most numerous, but all the other prin
cipal European nations will furnish
both government and private observ-
ing parties. No official expedition is
proposed to represent the United
States government. The Lock Obser-
yatory Of California will send an ex-
petition in charge of Director W. W..
Campbell to Russia; and Professor
Todd, Director of the Amherst Col
iege Observatory, proposes to observe
in Persia.