davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1914-12-25
(By H. L. KEMPSTER.)

The secret of success in raising
poultry is to provide conditions as
nearly natural as possible. Such con-
ditions the farmer-poultryman is in
position to provide. With unlimited
range at his disposal there is no need
for him to crowd his poultry into
small yards. Limited range, encum-
bered with large numbers of division
fences, makes it impossible to give
the poultry yards proper cultivation.
This causes them to become filthy
and unsanitary, a condition which is
responsible for most poultry diseases.
The success of poultry enterprises is
usually measured by the extent of
range provided for the purpose. Com
mercial plants which depend upon
small yards are usually short-lived.
Better sanitary conditions would yield
the farmer more satisfactory results
The most common mistake in locat-
ing the farm poultry house is that of
placing it so close to other farm build
ings that hens overrun the latter. The
usual plan of locating the poultry
house between the barns and the
dwelling house, is especially disagree
able since it encourages the hens to
not only overrun the barns, but the
back porch of the house as we'll This
habit is encouraged by throwing the
crumbs, table scraps, etc, out from
tho lyit0hon TTnlor
tons poultry keeping is not only I'M
pleasant but impractical and the read
er is urged to consider these points
in selecting satisfactory site.
A low spot is unsuitable for a poul-
try house, because surface water is
apt to accumulate and damp air al
ways settles in such place. Land
which is naturally wet, either because
of the nature of the soil or because
of springy conditions, should be prop
erly drained. Muddy quarters cause
fowls to consume large amounts of
filth. This in addition to the damp
ness of such a location results in I'M
healthful fiocks. There is also the
probability of the eggs becoming dirty,
resulting in an inferior product, even
! If thoroughly cleaned. A windbreak
should be provided which will not
only afford protection from disagree
able winds but furnish an abundance
of shade.
If possible the poultry house should
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1914-12-25
CAUSE OF EGG EATING HABIT
Hens That Learn Trick Communicate
it to Others-Many Different
Cures are Advocated.

Egg eating Is caused by lack Of
nests, overcrowding, want of opportu-
nifty to exercise, or lack of litter to
exercise in, and nests that are loca-
ted low down in the light where the
chickens are tempted to scratch in
the nests boxes, thus rolling out the
eggs. Once the trick is learned, no
eggs are safe, and the birds that first
learn this bad habit communicate it
to others. To prevent, give plenty of
room in the hen house, and have
suitable place for the chickens to
scratch in. Put the nests in seclud-
ed corner, as dark as is practicable,
and furnish enough Of them. Give
the chickens plenty of green food.
Different cures are advocated, Some
say that quantity of china eggs
scattered over the chicken house floor
will discourage the practice; others
that a bushel or less of egg shells
fed literally will satisfy the hens
craving for lime, and break up the
habit; others that old plaster and
plenty of grit is help; occasionally
someone will claim that eggs doctored
with red pepper puts stop to 1t.
The best cure is prevention.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1914-12-25

sions Of standard cake Of ice; that
is, % inches square at the top, the
bottom being somewhat smaller so as
to make the sides of the can slightly
fiaring, and the depth to be % or 80
inches as desired AS soon as settled
cold weather comes arrange the cans
on level plat of ground or on g. level
platform near the well or other water
supply. Fill the cans with clear, fresh
water, and when a sufficient thickness
Of ice has formed to permit them to be
turned over, even if the shell of ice
Is not more than IA or inches thick,
pour a quart or two of boiling water
over each upturned can to loosen it
from the shell of ice. This will give
hollow shell of ice about 2 inches
thick on the bottom, which was for
merly the surface of the water in the
can, l "a inches thick on the sides, and
with only thin shell on the top,
which was at the bottom Of the can.
Remove this shell carefully from the
can, break the thin ice over the top
and remove all but about inches of
the water in the cavity. Place the
shell of ice in an exposed but we'll
| shaded situation and as rapidly as the
water in the shell freezes add few
quarts at time until the entire cavity
Is filled and a solid block Of ice is pro-
duced. In this way with Is to 25 cans,
the necessary supply for farm can
| be secured at small cost in a few
days, the time depending, of course,
upon the weather conditions and the
number of cans in operation. If the
cans are carefully handled they
should last several years. The ice OBJ
tanned in this way will be pure-free
| from vegetable growth, which some
times damages pond and river ice. Be-
cause Of its superior quality such ice
will justify the construction of build
ing which will permit its being stored
without the use of sawdust' or shaw
ings. A building constructed after the
plan suggested is described in the
United States department of agricul-
lures farmers bulletin (No. 475) on
ice Houses, which is furnished by the
department for the asking.
The home ice supply is sometimes
obtained by using a combination Of
natural and artificial means. Where
an elevated water tank is at ones
command line of pipe can be carried
to perforated pipes placed on the cell
ing Of the ice house, and during freez-
| ing weather the pressure from the
tank can be used to carry water
through the perforated pipes to be
sprayed into the storage chamber as
long as freezing continues. BY care
full use of this plan on cold nights and
during freezing days a supply of ice
can be built up in place. The protec-
ton of such a supply is the same as
that of ice cut and stored in the usual
manner.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1914-12-25
Cultivation.

be located upon a south or east slope.
This is not so important, however, as
convenience to other farm buildings.
The location Of poultry house in an
orchard is ideal if the trees do not
shade the runs so that they remain
damp. The trees furnish necessary
summer shade.
Poultry raising has resolved itself
into two systems: the intensive sys-
TEN, involving houses of considerable
size, or many houses, and a large
amount Of stock upon a small area;
and the extensive or colony house
system, in which small houses are
scattered over large areas. The for
mer has advantages in that the labor
resulting from the care of the flock, es-
pecially during the winter, is reduced
to minimum. In general the ex-
pense of housing is less than where
fowls are kept in small flocks. It
has the disadvantage of increasing the
amount of yard care on account Of
SiiS AALiAICu al opctCCs IS luIGuSlN6
system, with many small houses, as
usually practiced in city lots, involves
an enormous amount of detail work,
unpleasant in bad weather, and too
expensive as system to be practical
except where more favorable condi-
tons are impossible.
The extensive or colony house sys-
tenn necessitates more labor in the
care of the focks during stormy
weather when the birds are confined.
1t has the advantage, however, of I'M
limited yard space and yard fencing
can be quite largely eliminated. Often
the poultry can be permitted the range
Of fields after the crops are started,
without appreciate injury to the crop,
utilizing to good advantage the drop.
pings which would otherwise go to
waste. In some localities worthless
land has been brought to high state
of fertility by this practice.
The most healthful and economical
method of raising the young chickens
is the portable house system. The
houses are moved about the farm in
such places as orchards, farm lanes,
cornfields, wheat and barley fields
after the grain has been removed.
The shade, green food, bugs, worms,
grasshoppers, ETC., are much more
conducive to rapid, healthful growth
than are the conditions usually found
around the dooryard.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1914-12-25
LITTLE LEAKS AROUND FARM
Numerous Small Things Cut Down
Farmers Profits-Many Are Easy
to Avoid or Prevent.
(By c. E. DAvIS.)

Here are some Of the farm leaks
.rickety gates and slip-shod bars; tum-
bledown fences; no shed for cows on
rainy day; and no shelter in the
field on hot one; ashes thrown in a
pile to leach cabbage leaves left to
rot in the patch when cows are near;
hog manure left to wash away for
years; old boards and big apple trees
limbs haul away as waste instead
of putting them on the wood pile for
fuel; dish water and soap suds thrown
aside instead Of on the garden; using
good farm papers for waste instead Of
exchanging or saving to read over;
wagons and plows left unsheltered;
and turkeys allowed to roost on fences
or in trees.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1914-12-25
WINTER EXERCISE FOR HENS
Thick Hedge Around Poultry House
Makes Excellent Wndbreak-Shel-
tered Nooks Afforded Outside.

A windbreak of some sort makes
poultry house warmer on the inside
and gives the fowls a sheltered place
for outdoor exercise, says writer in
Successful Farming. The owner of a
chicken house built under the shelter
of a number of evergreen trees says
drinking water hardly ever freezes
inside. And l noticed at the time I
was visiting this place in the winter
that the snow lodged on the trees and
the ground underneath was bare. And
everywhere around the ground was
covered with snow.
Hens like to get outside the chicken
house for a little while when the
weather will permit, but they don't
like to wade in snow. Hens roosting
In trees when a snowstorm comes will
stay in the trees until they get hungry
rather than fly down in the snow to
get something to eat.
A thick hedge around the poultry
house and yard makes a good wind
break. We have found tall board
fence on the north and west of the
house and yards quite good deal of
protection to the hens in winter, be-
sides giving a sheltered location for
the early chicks. The little fellows get
close to this board fence on raw day
and don't feel the wind much that
would otherwise soon chill the life out
of them. We made this fence out of
old boards.
Often the henhouse or brooder house
can be located where other buildings
will break the force of the wind. 1t
seems to me this subject is not given
the attention it deserves. In locating
houses or yards in a cold climate ad-
vantage should be taken of everything
that will give protection and afford
fowls, old and young, sheltered hooks
outside. 1t will save in the cost of food
alone in winter, for sheltered fowls
need less food than those exposed.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1914-12-25
METHOD OF DRAGGING ROADS
Only a Small Amount of Earth 10
Moved, Just Enough to Fill the
Ruts and Depressions.

I dragging roads only a small
amount of earth is moved, just enough
to fill the ruts and depressions with a
thin layer Of plastic clay or earth
which packs very hard so that the next
rain instead of finding ruts, depres-
sions, and clods in which to collect
runs off, leaving the surface but little
affected.
The drag should be light and,should
be drawn over the road at an angle Of
about forty-five degrees The driver
should ride on the drag and should
not drive faster than walk. One
round trip, each trip straddling q
wheel track. is usually sufficient to fill
the ruts and smooth the surface.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1914-12-25
BLACK RASPBERRY CULTURE
Fall Flowing Is Recommended as
Good Means of Graduating Grubs
Soil Should Be Fertile.

The best soil for black raspberries
is a mixture of sand and gravel,
rather high. It should not be too
dry; but, on the other hand, wet land
will not do at all.
While the ground may be plowed
and fitted as for any other crop, it
has been found that fall blowing is
preferable, writes Nellie E. Van Week
in Green's Fruit Grower. If the plow-
ing is done in November, or as late
as it can be done before freezing,
the grubs are destroyed; and the
plants will not suffer devastation
from them, as they are likely to do
If the blowing is done in the spring.
The soil should be fairly fertile,
free from sod or roots, such as quack
or blueroot grass and all foul weeds.
Plow rather deep, and harrow until
the earth is perfectly fine and pliable.
Too much manure has been known to
bring on "the yellows," a disease fatal
to berry plants. And let it be said
right here, if any yellow plants are
ever discovered, they should be pulled
up, taken out Of the patch, and
burned.
Mark the ground with corn marker
three feet each way. Set every row
one way, and every other one the
other way-making the rows three
feet by six feet.
Plants should be set as soon in the
spring as they are large enough-say
from four to six inches high. Put
them in deep; sig inches is'a good
depth, They must have a good firm
roofing to help the heavy plants with
stand the hard winds the following
years.
Cultivate and hoe often enough to
keep the field free from weeds. The
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1914-12-25

moro often the soil is stirred, the
greater will be the yield. In dry
season, frequent cultivation draws the
moisture to the surface, and helps
to tide the plants over until the rain
comes. Sod will soon run out" berry
bushes. Keep the land level and
clean.
If no young plants are wanted for
the next year, this finishes the first
season. If, however, new sets are
desired, either for home use or for
sale, this is the way to get them. By
the way, plants in the spring sell all
the way from SO to $40 a thousand,
according to supply and demand
Early in September, bury the ends
In the ground about two inches. A
trowel makes good tool for this pur!
pose.
In the spring, sever the young set,
where it is four or six inches high,
from the mother plant. Trim all the
other ends on the old plant as far
back as they are frozen and dead.
Cultivate frequently as long as it
can be done without injuring the
ripening fruit, perhaps until two or
three weeks before picking time.
During the time that the crop is
being gathered, the canes for next
years harvest will be getting tall. The
patch will need to be done over sew.
eral times during July and August
and the ends of the canes shipped off
to about three feet high, in order that
now shoots may come out to make
large, healthier bushes.
After the crop is harvested, take
out the old bushes with a long.
handled, short-bladed knife, made for
the purpose, being careful not to harm
the young canes. However, If there
are too many young canes in a hill
reduce the number to four or five. II
well cared for. patch will last six
years. -.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1914-12-25
BETTER ROADS AND SCHOOLS
Farmers Beginning to See That Edu-
cation Furnished In one-Room
Building Is Not Adequate.

Sooner or later we shall be driven
to the Capitalization of schools In
some form, not necessarily to the
township school; but we are all be-
ginning to see that the education fur
nished in the one-room school with
ten or twelve pupils on an average, is
not what the farmer needs, and costs
more than 1t is worth. Therefore, we.
take it that we shall be driven to some
kind of consolidation. When farmers
get around to the point Of figuring
what their schools actually cost them
per pupil per day, and realize the in
adequacy of this kind of training to
fit their children for farm life, they
will remedy it by punching the schools
together.
Before this can be done effectively
there must be good roads, roads over
which the children can be carried
comfortably to a large school where
they will have the training that fits
them for life, and in the larger schools
a training that will take the place of
that Of the town school, at vastly less
expense and less danger, to the health
and morals of the pupil. To do this
we must have good roads, and good
dirt roads at that; for nine-tenths Of
the roads that lead to the schoolhouse
and to the country church must be dirt
roads.
There are places in some of the
eastern states where the children go
to school in automobiles. There are
others where they go on roller skates,
as, for example, where cement roads
have been established. AS we have
often pointed out, it is possible to have
a dirt road good throughout most of
the year, simply through the use of
the road drag after the road has been
graded and drained and supplied with
culverts and bridges.
There is, therefore, very close con-
nection between the road drag and
education. No law, however, can COM
pei the farmer to use the road drag
wisely. They must come to it of their
own accord. They must get to point
where it will be a disgrace to any
farmer not to drag his road after ev-
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1914-12-25
Social Advancement.

Good roads always contribute to the
social advancement of the community.
While the towns and cities are greatly
benefited by, good highways leading
from the country to the towns and
cities, rural people are the greater
benefciaries, because farmers not only
advance on account of the saving in
marketing their products, but they
improve their social, educational and
religious standing, because of good
roads. Really there is no argument for
poor roads, nor against building and,
maintaining good roads.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1914-12-25
Pruning Grapes.

In pruning grapes it must be re.
membered that the fruit grows on the
new wood of the present seasons
growth which spring from wood
grown the preceding season, and new,
er on last years wood. The fruit is
borne near the base of the shoots
Each shoot should bear from two to
six clusters, but only a limited mum.
Der of clusters should be allowed to
develop on single vine.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1914-12-25
A Country Road Near Madison, Wis,
Where Native Vegetation Has Been
Preserved and More of the Kind
Planted.

cry rain. Most people don't realize
yet what a good road can be made in
time by the use, of the drag, not in
one year, nor in two; but if the road is
dragged after every rain, it will by and
by become so hard and smooth and
elastic that it will require very con-
siderable rain to put it out of condi-
ton. Few people realize what great
improvement can be made in the road
in even few months by the use Of
the drag just as the road is drying off
after each rain.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1914-12-25
Slaughter of Birds.

Wheat and fruit-growing' regions
are suffering because Of the KILN
off of sapsuckers, robins, bluejays
bluebirds, swifts, tanagers, orioles
martins, swallows, nigh'hawks, egret.
herons, boboinks, gull- kingHfhe
and other birds wAie
kill under the pure ..s
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1914-12-25
Backward Poultry.

Backyard poultry raising Is no
longer an experiment. It's success has
been demonstrated time and again.;
in fact, it is carried on in many climes
and under various conditions, and it's
popularity has just fairly started.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1914-12-25
Small Flock Is Best.

On the farm especially it costs more
tc keep flock that cannot secure a
large proportion of its food, while the
smaller. flock will require less time
and attention.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1914-12-25
Ducks Ready for Market

Properly fed ducks should be ready
for market when ten weeks old and
viii weigh twice as much as chickens
of the same age and pay a better
profit.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1914-12-25
Hen Qualifications.

Important qualifications in hen
are that she shall be good feeder,
bright, cleareyed, quick in action
clean and not scars
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1914-12-25
Have Supply of lnsecticide.

Every one interested in poultry
should have good insecticide on hand
for. the prompt humiliation OF lice
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1914-12-25
Purchase BREEDING Stock.

new breeding stock while the surplus
poultry is being sold.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1914-12-25
rry PlckInu Best.

Fowls that are dry picked present
much better appearance than those
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1914-12-25
Demand for Horses

The demand for good saddle horses
Is increasing.
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1914-09-23

in the county Jail with the understand
ING tina the leaves the district upon
the expiration OF his sentence.
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1914-09-23

Groceries. dry goods, hosiery, shoes,
blankets. underwear. etc, at closing
out prices at the Thos. II. Bawden
Sale. AdVertiSement-23.
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1914-09-23
: = = : = : $50 > = !
LOCAL BREvlTlEs.
:. !. !. !. !. !. !. !. :. !. = !. I. !. !. !. !:

Rev. Schumacher of Moline. ILL.,, who
conducted services at the Calumet
CONGREGATIONAL church the past two
weeks. has left for his home.
| Edward +. Cuddihy has returned
from brief visit to Eagle Harbor He
reports that one day recently Jerry
| Lamerand OF Eagle Harbor shot n
loon which is OF interest because of
the superstition existing among sport
men that the loon" cannot he killed.
Miss Lyle Engstrom of Calumet will
leave this afternoon for Ann Arbor.
where she will continue her musical
studies at the University OF Michigan.
The funeral OF the late Capt. James
IL. Gribble was held this afternoon
with services from the residence on
Eighth street, under Masonic auspices.
John Smith of Eagle Harbor. visit
ed in Calumet today.
julius Ozanich. the Sixth street tail
or. has departed for Red Lodge, Mont.
where he expects TO open a similar
business.
David Lampsa Cleveland, a retired
commercial fisherman OF Cleveland
Vile, Mich, was "a Calumet business
visitor yesterday.
John Korpela, assistant cashier NJ
the Munising bank, has left for his
home after visiting for a short time
with Mr.. and Mrs. John Waai OF Cen
tennial Heights.
Thomas Langdon of the Y. NJ. &. A.
force underwent successful opera
ton for appendicitis in the Lake Lin
den hospital yesterday.
Daughters have been born 10 Mr..
and Mrs. Narcisse Tonarelli OF 1854
Columbia street. MIR. and Mrs. William
IL. Mas of 1884 Hecla street and Mr..
and Mrs John Bohto OF 2410 81
street Raymbaultown.
Daniel Richstaad of Caledonia street
has gone TO Eau Claire. Wis, to attend
the funeral OF his sister, who died
Sunday.
Miss Dorothy King has returned to
her home in Hancock after spending "a
few days with local friends.
Mrs. James Trembath OF TamaracB
street has returned from three
weeks visit to Chicago.
About twenty-five OF the friends OF
Miss Beatrice Gray of Amygdaloid
street surprised her at her home Mon
day evening. the occasion proving "a
very pleasant one.
n. f.. Malfroid of the Malfroid Trad
ing company has gone to Marquette
to serve on the L. $. traverse jury.
General Manager w. w. Walker and
Superintendent c. T. Lyle Of the
South shore road are in the copper
country today on a regular fall tour OF
inspection.
George Richards has returned from
Detroit and will resume his residence
at Osceola.
John O. Maxey of L'nAse is in Calu-
met on business
Peter Torreano and w. f.. Stock
bauer have arrived home from two
weeks visit To Minneapolis.