davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times., 1914-06-28

was. therefore. not entirely unexpected.
Her husband is prostrated with grief
and is reported to be in a serious con-
dition. The couple was very well-known
throughout the theatrical world. II.
Van Euren. jr.. left last night immediate
ly after his performance here TO at
tend the funeral, which takes place to-
The Washington times., 1914-06-28
Benefit for Employees.

The annual benefit for the employees
OF the Columbia Theater is to be given
on the evening of July s. the play lot
that week being The Light Eternal
The Washington times., 1914-06-28

to go on. And both plays male
a hit.
Stock Leads To Movies.
McAliister stayed with The
Devir' for time, but the call of
stock came. with a sort OF golden
ring to il. and he went back.
Last season he PLAYED In Washing
ton, and rapidly became one Of
the most popular leading men this
city had ever entertained He was
switched from here to n New Eng
land city during the winter. and
since then has come back once in
a vaudeville sketch u his own
preparation.
He has written several plays. His
lean of GasCony." with himself in
the leading part. was success In
New York and he also scored with
The tccidert." Putting II Over"
FREDDY" aid several others. tIe
has also prepared number OF
vaudeville sketches which have
been produced.
The Washington times., 1914-06-28
COMING PLAYS

There has been considerable satisfac-
ton expressed in the headquarters of
the circuit in New York with the re-
suits OF the first Keith season in Wash
ington. The success of the past sea
son has been especially gratifying after
the doubt that was expressed last sea-
son as TO the popularity of vaudeville
here.
The closing OF the B. F. Keith house
concludes a record season. states E. F.
Albee, vice president and half owner
Of the Keith interests, in 2 sort Of vale
dictory That Washington will respond
20 high class vaudeville has been
proven by the crowds which have at
tended Mr. Keiths beautiful theater
from the very opening TO the closing.
The Keith management next year will
the Washington theatergoers the very
best and most expensive attractions
prccuTable the world over. The United
Booking offices has already sent repre-
sentatives TO different parts OF the
globe to secure attractions for the
coming season. II there IS anything on
earth worth presenting in vaudeville.
Washing on will sec II next season A
Paul Keith and myself as the new pro-
prietors of the 3. F. Keith circuit Of
ton public for its splendid support dur
ing the past season. and promise the
best we have"
One of the most important plays Of
the early Christian era is 10 be pro-
duced by the Columbia Players next
week in The Light Eternal" Tho
play will call forth The best efforts Of
the company. and the various parts
are said to be particularly suited 10
tine principal p!aEers. As Marcus Val
| crius a n Van Buren has been given
| part that is easily adapted to his
pcrsonalitv. and in which he promises
10 Give one of the pest chdraCteriza-
I tons Of his career For weeks Arthur
! Ritchie. the stag director Of the COM
PAM has been at work with corps
Of trained assistants preparing for this
production which, II is safe 10 predict,
! is expected to be the zenith If dramatic
attainment for a Washington stock
company.
The Man on the Box" three act
| dramatization of Harold MacGraths S
romance OF Washington life. will be the
next attraction at Polls Theatre. This
fascinating comedy. which has its begin
ming in a Washington police court and
which ends in a country home at Chevy
/ Chase. Is a very appropriate selection
! for the entertainment OF a summer
audience in Washington. The story is
carries. Bob Worburton. A young lieu
| tenant in the United States army. mas
0uerades as q cOaChman and discovers
| that he has run off with two perfectly
| strange girls On this beginning Harold
! MacCITath has constructed pretty love
| story with the National Capital as
| background.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-10-01
GREAT UUTTAIN SEXES
CONDITIONAL INNTRA RANn

WASHINGTON. September 3o-C;rcat
Eriii'n's intention to seize goods which
may DO classcd IS conditional contra
band OF war, specifically destined for
Germany or Austria, even when ear
riod N American ships ana consigned 10
neutral ports, was announced at The
state Department to-day 10y Sir Cecil
spring Rice. the British ambn ssador.
Ihn ambassador called TO explain
dispatches stating that two cargocs or
copper. shipped from tho United States
10 the krupp gun works in Germany.
via Holland, had been seized and di-
rcrted 10 England. Payment for tho
iull value or the carRocs has been re
united 10 the American shippers. and
/, IL understood u similar course will
be pursued In future eases.
Earlier n Tia" day the senate had
PASSED a resolution asking the state
Department TO report whether the Brit
ish government was Interfering with
shipments Of American copper in ncu-
trail ships 10 Rotterdam.
No announcement WAS made as TO
what tho attitude Of the department
would b. toward Great Eiritait'a ac-
ton.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-10-01
PUBLISH DAILY Ut.I'OhT'S
Df GERMAN SUCCESSES

tNlcE tVia t'arisl. October /
Csc ~ MD.--N Vienna papc,s arc pub
lishinS daily reports 81 German and
Austrian successes Ia the eastern ANA
western theatres ut war
Tae N'uo* Wcncr Journal declares.
German troops a." aoins al from yic.
tory I" victory, and That tho French
army soon viii he forced to retreat
before the German advance. IN tho
Austrian provinces the press is oven
more optimistic especially III Southern
Austria whcr" the Slav journals print
sMch extraordinarily glowing reports
that the peasants believe Tho Germans
already arc iu Paris.
Lately the educated classes in Aus
,'!.l ARE boGiniItus 10 show signs at
is-aiiSiaction ut the lack ~ rcli-
able news. Women especially arc d.
nandiu.; - know what has happened
I" their men folk The newspaper au-
thoriii"S "r" trying to pacify them
"',h III" explanation that il is dit,i-
cunt To obtain exact news. Public
demons rations ar" reported 10 have
occurred in Vienna and Crate. finan.
"ial conditions in AUSTRIA hungary
show souc Improvement.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-10-01
TURKS ATTEMPT MUTINY
AGAINST ENGLISH CAPTAIN

NEW YORK. September 3O.--A tale
OF inu,iny on the hAi seas h. Turk.
who had heard that Turkey had de
ciarcd war on Great Britain. was told
IN the Tombs court to-day BY Cap
tain Stewart, Of the British tramp
steamer Isle OF Null. which arrived
HIRE yesterday.
The vessel !.f, South American
ports three weeks ago. ~ barbados.
Turks III tho crew received news tina,
their country was warning on Enx
land. and, after the ship got under
va" again refused to work, according
/" captain stewart one nigh, the
master frustrated all attempt 10 mur-
der himself ana his family and sciz.
the ship, lac said, lie locked his wife
ana children In the cabin and made 70,
Charleston. :. g There tho .mm!pra-
uou authorities would not let him
land the bo!ligercn,s, Captain stow
art testified % he placed tho ring
leaders ~ chains. under guard 81 :.
Charleston pole" detective. who &c
conpanied me ship 70 this port
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-10-01
E\iELoPING MOVEMENT
BEi>'. PUSHED WITH XIGon

i0P'ttdi 10 lHc lilueS- Dispatch.
PARIS, September 90 Conplct. sue
cess appears 10 have attended the great
iiankinG movement designed to en-
circl" aud cat off the German right
wing armies under Generals Won EI,ick
and Won Eohmcu. Tho centre OF ac-
tiviiy has shifted north of the Sommc.
where tn" cnvcloping movement is
heinz pushed with the greatest viror.
The War ciiicr statement that in this
region the action continues to de-
Nclop more and more towards the
north - weighted with Significance
Tho latter official bulletin issued ut
midnight. says:
"'rhc general situation is satisfac-
tory
The French aud Eritish troops now
have advanced TO positions north OF the
Soininc. which effectively cut off Won
klucks retreat to the northeast and
JuniNtllc. Won Niuch'S solo remaining
Immediate base Of supplies. with its
single line al railway is in precautions
situation,
The allied line 10 the south ot Juni-
vile - pressing the German line in
ward and uorthWard, and the French
Snd British. operating from u north :
westerly direction. are closing i'm on
This position. Further apprccia5lc al !.
vance 10y either Of the allied armies will
force Won klucll and Won Eoohm either
to retreat by way OF Rethcl, the only
'oad left open to them toward belgium,
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-10-01

mcnt OF this capital. allow me to OK
press my gratitude to the former mill
tary governor. who lcsscned our hard
ships.
Count Bobrinsky replied in Russian.
After thinking the Mayor for keeping
order in the town. he said.
II think IL necessary to acuuain,
you with the leading principles Of my.
policy. consider I.crnbuerg and Eas,
Gal!cia tho real origin OF Great Rus
STA since the original population va
Russian. The reorganization was bnseG
on Russian ideals. We will immediate
IL introduce tho Russian language ana
Russian customs. These steps will H..
taken with the necessary care. w,
shall at first limit this To the appoint
ment OF Russians governors and Other
officials Many of the present "Nccu
tvcs Will not be replaced. W. shall
forbid the convocation of your I.e,,is-
laturc during the war. All soci..! and
political organizations must 10 aiscntt-
;inucd and may resume their activi-
ties only by permission These pre-
ccpts obtain only in East 1;alicia. West
Galicia Will be treated differently
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-10-01
GERMAN OFFICER WRITES
OF DEATH OF BOY SCOUT
Ind Receives NoIicy Of Firing p,rty
With rround Smile On
-

LONDON. September 30 d0.5o T.. NJ.
Herman tales OF tragic episodes OF
the war Were issued 10y tho Onlcinl
Press Bureau tonight. The stories
were taken from = book called "Ericps
Chronik'' seized from aliens entering
thshsh ports. The volume consists
''cV,"IhG 10 the bureau. partly Of n
hlghlN untrustworthy chronicl, ~ tbc
war, and parity or soldiers letters
from the front"
rs showing the methods OF thourbt
81 ~" enemy. these last have consid :
crbhic value, continues the bureau,
VI - not the TRUTH 81 fals!ty OF tho
tales that matters. but the applause.
ana eii-consratniation OF the writer's
on leeds OF gross trcachery and cruel :
~ claimed 10 have been done by them
selves or comrades"
The narrative Of an artillery OH ;
ccr on the determination Of n Eel
gan village" as given out by the bu-
rcau. follows:
The countryside was full OF our
troops Nevertheless. the stupid peas
ants mus, need shoot at our men. as
they marched by. from lurking places
nay before yesterday the Prussian
troops surrounded Il village. nut the
women, children ana old people aside
and shot all the men. The village then
was burned to tho ground"
The story Of the shooting Of Il Eoy
scout is given rs follows
- traitor has just been shot lie
Was little French lad. belonging to
one Of the gynhastic societies which
wear the tricolored ribbon. Il poor
roung fellow. who, in his iufatuation.
wanted 10 he = hero.
rs the German column was pass
ing along wooded deilc. he was
caught and asked whether the French
We're about. ilc refused To give amy
information. Fifty Yards further
there was fire from the cover Of the
wood. The prisoner was asked in
French II he bad known that the en-
envy WAS III the forest, and nc did
not deny it,
lie went with a firm step To a tcie-
graph pole and stood against il, with
green vineyard at his back, ana re-
ceived the Nollcy of Il iirine, party with
q proud smile on his face. infatuated
wretch. II wns Il ri y TO sec auch
wasted courage"
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-10-01
RUSSIANS ADVANCING
NAHIDIN In IAAn LINES

LONDON. September 80 (a:i5 y Nj
y message from vienna. dwelling on
ihe Russian advance ;hrot:xh Gaiicia.
says the Russians ar" In possession
OF all railways In the district Of prxc-
inysi aud arc advancing rapidly I'm ,ISo
lines, states a dispatch from tho Rome
correspondent OF tho Exchange r.lc-
graph Company. The report continues:
The northern column fot EusstansD
has mad All assault on Tarnow. the
last obstacle between IL and Cracow.
ana distance from tho place is only
sixty miles. The southern column.
after occupying Sanok. had advanced
westward With the Intention Of cutting
OF the retreat IN that section Of the
Austrian arm!. winch IS being driven
southwark.
indications m. ;hat tho Russians
90 not !nt"ni - capture cit.cow, but
to leave II = ott aud surrounded, and
then 70 advance toward Ercslau. hop.
ing 10 join Tho Russian centre NOW In
Poland
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-10-01
.JtpANsES PROFESSOR
PRAISES PRESIDENT

PHILADELPHIA, September au.-Dr.
S.iiiac Takata, president Of Wascda
University ut Takyo. one of Il party
81 prominent japanese mui,in- d tour
81 American universities, to-day denied
reports that his country entered tho
European conilict To- gain the CONNER
cial ana political domination Of China
and ,ho Pacific.
u can say positiveiy," Ne dcc' ~cd.
that Japan haas no aggressive .Jt.n-
lions. she merely wished - uphold
ana guard tho integrity OF China
"l'r"aidout Wilson" pr. T.llate ,,i,t-
ed, lis t. he admired Tor tho states
manship he h:,* shown duriu. this
great war. lie has been fair AMI ius,
and absolutely impartial.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-10-01
GERMAN FORCES AGAIN
FAIL TO CROSS N|EMEN
violent Combat for Possession al
Northern Routes OF Forest Of
.lugustowe Takes Place.
TOWN OCCUPIED ~ RUSSIANS
Cars Troops in Possession OF All
Railways in District OF Przemysl
and Advancing Rapidly i'm Two
Lines.

PARIS, September 80 ,3:i5 A. MI.
An official communication issued al.
Pctrograd and received by the Iiavas
Agency says:
I'm the region of Ossowetz and
Drbskeniki, on September IS, tho Rus
slams attacked the Germans furiouply
new attempt by the Germans to
cross the Niem"n failed, and violent
combat took place for possession of
the northern routes OF the forest OF
Augustowc. This town ~ occupied
by Russian troops
In Galicil the Austrian rear guard
has suffered another defeat near
bouh.c. and abandoned their cannon
and 800 wagons.
In the region Of l[rosno. t:altcia The
Russians have taken 100 prisoners be-
longing TO twenty-five different re.,i-
mcnts."
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-10-01
Kaiser Army Appear to Be Folding Back on Centre

most desperate resistance. sacriticing
thousands OF men daily.
The German wings appear 10 he fold
ing back on the centre. leaving the
sole loopholc FOR n backward move
/ ncnt by way of Rcthcl
The Germans main supply base ut
Juniville is protected by heavy masses
OF troops As 1t is absolutely essential
that this place shall he held for the
rcvictualling Of the German armies in
Northern France. II appears 10 lie
placed IN Il somewhat precarious sit
uaticn with it's single line OF railroad.
The line of battle has changed CON
siderable since the beginning of the
actual contact between the two great
armies. whose numbers and real posi-
tons 1t is not permitted TO make pub
lie. The front now presents snuous
windiiiEs. looping inward and outward
at various points. in Il country which
everywhere is adapted WONDERFULLY 10
defense.
The allies commanders arc protect
ing their mon by keeping them when
ever possible from frontal attacks on
positions where tho Germans arc in
advantageous situations.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-10-01
ITALIAN TORPEDo-BOAr
Sl-NlA IN Ann AlII.

ROME. September SO Cvia Paris eco
Y. M.).---An Italian torpedo boat Is re-
ported TO have hccn sunk to-day by 4.
mine between Venice and Comacchio
In the Adriatic Sea. No confirmation
Of The report can ho obtained in Official
circles.
\ dispatch To tho Reuter- TELEGRAM
Company from Rome says:
IN consequence of the appearance
on the Adriatic coast Of italy Of aoat-
inG mines. which there IS reason TO be-
lieve have come from the coasts CT Aus
tria and Dalmatia. the italian govern
nent has photographed urgent !nst.uc-
tiors 10 the ambassador 1t Vienna.
charging him to draw the serious at
:cn;ioE OF Austria TO the fac, and to
the loss OF lite which already has en-
sued from II. ana To ask that adequate
measures to be taken 10 Dreven, tho
recurrence Of incidents OF such gray
ity"
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-10-01
GERMANS HEt EDiNt,
KEi'OItE AIIIE.b AnNIIis

FEOM TIiL BATTLE FEONT hy
way Of Paris. ego i. Nj. September
3o,-This "as tho nineteeuth day Of
continued hard hghtius along the l50-
mile front, from tho Somnc TO the
Moselle. aud set there is no definite
Information that thu battle IL nearing
a finish. There are, however. cy!-
denccs that tho Germans are receding
before a forciD.c aud sustained push
ing from the all!ed armies. especially
on their western ana eastern virgs
while the centrf. where the Germans
ere more strongly cntrenched Than At
any other point with hcav.. artillery
remains almost stationary
II IL generally concluded ~ French
military men that some important
movement soon must be made ~ the
Germans, who have found IL impos-tblc
70 stem III" advance Of the allies.
though they offered the stcrnest ana
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-10-01
PROVINCE or GAIICIA
I'HElEn

LONDON, September so G:47 y. MI
Tho Rome correspondent of TIE En-
change Telegraph Company says Il is
officially announced in advices from
Pctrograd that the Austrian Province
OF Galicia now Is completely freed Of
Austrians. the last remnants Of their
troops har" sought refuge in the Car
p.thi:tnS
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-10-01
M OFFICIAL NEWS
tROM MNInCLEA.Rni Nn

BERLIN, September 90 C3:5o T.. NJ.
vita London, io::S l.. MD.-No Official
news from the western battle-ground
has been received here since last night
The newspapers have not been in
formed 10y their correspondence regard
ing the great general engagement and
details arc not known here.
trchduke Frederick of Austria. com :
mander-!n chief Of tho Austrian forces,
IN army orders to-day declared Il new
una great victory was imminent In the
German westerns camp, according to
dispatches from Vienna.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-10-01
.REPoRT nF CASUALTIES
AMONG uRI,IISM NInI.Il In :

oSDOS. September so (io:t5 y. NJ.
---rhc official report OF casualties among
British officers In dispatches under date
OF September - and 81 from general
headquarters, includes five killed, six
teen wounded. one died OF wounds and
Two missing
one Of the wounded ia Erigadicr.
General Frederick II. Y. Wing. COM
maud!ug The THIRD Division Royal Ar
'illcry. General Wing Won distinction
in the South African war.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-10-01
GENERAL slTt tTID\


PARIS, September 20 Il:1I Il. Nil
TIL" following official communication
was issued Tonight:
THE general situation is satisfactory
There has been no change of any ac-
count on I'll" front except south OF
WocFrc, where VIC have occupied
Scicheprey and advanced rs far a the
slopes Of ltupt dc Mad
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-10-01
CAPTAIN AND OFEIt EHs
SHOT

VENICE, September 30 (via Paris.
900 J.. M).-The captain and ali other
"hc"r5 Of the Austrian steamer
Eadium. chartered to carry coal for
~" Austrian navy. arc reported 10
nave been arrested and shot ut Castcl-
hu"No. i'aim"tia, on suspicion th;,,
th.N were selling t. French warships
Information regarding the position OF
mines in tho .Ndriutic
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-10-01

III the rear, whii. the dual monarchy
ana GerluanN are united. ANA have fun
confidence Of lighting out TO ;hc end
TINS war which was forced upon us
This Is tho truth about the situntion
This proclamation must he maize known
10 All officers and men in ,h"ir rcsp"c-
tive mother tongue"
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-10-01
IlI"TON'S YACHT ERIN
NOW IL IIOSpIrtJ. SIIII.

llANfE, September 80 via Puris)-
sir Thomas lpton's yacht Erin, which
mas been transformed into Il hospital
snip. arrived here to-day. ON board
the Erin were tho Duchess Of West
uinster aud a mMmbrr OF NURSES
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-10-01
Deaf HIS

kiN3TREY. Died, al 2:lo \. n. Tuoe.
Robert K!nstrcy. II.
Funeral from the residence. 33Gs i:tv-
"riN street THIS Thursday AFTER.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-10-01
SOWING OF FLOATING MINES
CAUSES PROrES,r ny TTALH

The sowing OF floating mines hy tho
-Austrians TO harass the French and
English warships IN the Adriatic. has
resulted In the sinking OF an italian
nshing boat. ana the italian govern
,ncEt has entered :: protest at Vienna.
The incident has created bitter fccliui;
iii Italy, where II rs sad tho mines have
dristed from the Austrian to the ital-
lam side Of IT,. Adriatic. and have ter
rcr!zcd tho fishing industry. the chief
resource of thiS region.
Marquis eli san GiuliHuo. the FOREIGN
Minister, one Of tho chief friends of the
triple alliance in Italy. il seriously Ill
and Premier S:,la ndya has taken charge
of the Foreign oi'icc. II is suggested
In London that this might bring about
some changc III the policy OF Italy. as
the Premier is said to wish italy Ia
join the allies. 10 which alarquis tji san
C;irliano was strongly opposed.
Scmlin, tho important Austrian town
opposite Belgrade. which the Servians
captured several weeks ago. but cvatu-
sttod when tile hustrians threatened
them in another quarter. again haas
fallen into Scrvian hands. This viii
relieve belgrade from the almost in
ccssant canouading TO which that city
has been subjected .5arajevc. capital
OF Bosnia. Is coming within gunshoi Of
the Servia;. and Montencsrin armies.
which hoac 10 add that city to their
o..GueStS
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-10-01
MAI.INES HEoCCUPIED
uN BELGIAN TROOPS

LONDON. september 30 tio:20 T. NJ
Malines has been rcoccupicd by thc
belgians" SAYS tho Antwerp CORES
pondcnt Of the R"utcr's Telegram Com
pany. His dispatch continues; The
Germans to day renewed the lombard
mont of l.iorrc "a manufacturing town
nine miles southeast uf .Antwerp).
and ficyst opdeu- Berg - town near
ltcrr"l. In Lierrc the tower o: tho
Church OF st. Comma rius and some
houses have been struck hy shells.
-Four women have been wounded Most
of this district has been deserted by
the civilian population
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-10-01

The finest Gothic churches ii Bclgiu
Was begun tn 1925 and completed in
l5.'. Recently it was restored Three
Of its fine stained glass windows were
presented by Emperor Macmillan.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1914-10-01
FNNECH STAFF STARRING
WITH IT'S INFORMATION

the forces which advanced from Tout
to oppose the Germans near St Iihiei
have succeeded in getting behind the
small continent of invaders who had
carried out an attempt TO bend the
French line At this point. other Of
festive movements by the French be-
tween Ncrdun and Toul were repulscd,
however, according TO tho German re-
ports.
III Lorraine and in the NosGes there
has been no change in the situation.
ing the result; OF tho greater contest
military experts believe the allies At
last have set the claws OF their lief,
IN the German right wing under Gen
erll won liluck.
The Russian armies continue TO sweep
through Galicia, and according IL a
report from Rome Tonight, that prov
incc OF the Austrian empire is clear OF
Austrian troops. What Is meant is
that the Acid armies OF Austria either
have gone into the fortresees Of Pre-
nysl and Cracow, or rctreatcd IL the
south and west.
The Russians have come across the
country III great parallel lines, and.
masking Przcmysl, have swept the
country clear as far rs a line drawn
from Doukla, in the south. to the neigh
horhood Of itzcszow, I'll the north. while
other forces have pushed their way
through the passes OF tn" Carpathians
into Hungary. They only have TO 90 a
littcl farther TO ge; possession Of the
railway that runs from Sandcc through
the mountains 10 Iublau, and thence
through tho heart OF the country to
Budapest