The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-12-27

III mas puDlsned an elaUOrate history Oh
the war of 1870, one written in a spirit
Of judicial impartiality and with the
object Of pointing out the causes OF the
French defeats and tho German vic
tories It has also done :. considerable
amount OF work on the campaigns OF
Napoleon, and this has been only part
Of the enormous amount Of research and
study devoted TO these campaigns by
French military writer's generally. The
mass Of material which has become
available in the last ffty years has been
used by these French students OF war to
evolve a complete theory Of Napoleonic
warfare.
All this has been done with the prac-
teal purpose of providing the French
army with sound doctrine of war. and
among those who haze done this work
one Of the most notable is Commandant
Colin. professor OF the Ecole de
Guerre. He IL thus one of the author.
lied interpreters of the French theory
of war. and his teaching represents the
views of the French General staff
France and the Next War" ia the
title of work by Commandant Colin
which has Just been translated ntd
English by Major l.. II. II. Pope-Iien-
Messy Of the English army and published
by the George II. Doran Company For.
tons Of the work follow:
The object of the battle. saws the au-
thor. is the ruin OF the enemy's army.
This result is hardly ever obtained in
the battle itself-usually II requires pur-
suit to complete II. II is rare for an
army to be as disorganzed by battle as
was that of MacMahon after Froesch-
wiler: and yet it would have needed a
couple Of days pursuit To destroy it
entirely.
In 1906 the Prussian army which was
beaten on October IA at Jena was only
completely destroyed on November :
after an uninterrupted pursuit of
twenty-four days.
In the battle itself 1t + not the ma =
terlal losses suffered by the beaten army
during the fight tina; reduce it to state
OF inferorty: the victor has often lost
more. An army acknowledges itself to
be beaten not 10y reason Of the losses II
has already suffered but because Of
those II will suffer II ii continues the
struggle in the desperate or very ur-
favorable situation in which its adver-
sary has placed ii. 1t is about to be
hemmed In and crushed by projectiles,
or else the disorganization of it's units
no longer allows OF dispositions being
made. &c. 1t is in the last phase of a
battle in the charge that finishes the
.!gh: and begins tho pursuit. ;ha; The
losses OF the vanquished often become
greater than those of the victor and that
the disintegration of the units is accom-
plished and disaster is prepared
In our own day the losses inflicted by
the pursuit consist more in prisoners
than in killed or wounded These are
the palpable signs OF defeat they may
be more or less important. but that
which actually makes the disaster can
not be weighed. At Lao Yang and at
Mukden the losses in killed and wounded
are very much the same on both sides.
which, since they were less numerous.
gives per cent. greater loss for the
japanese; but at Mukden the Japanese
made 10000 prisoners as result OF
Their turning movement
So the victory il not alwavs 10 hin,
who has the fewest killed and wounded.
and the defender too loses as many
az the assailant. The d Florence in the
losses of the two sides * made up above
all of prisoners; the more the dsor-
ganizitlon of the Vanuuished is com
pleted the more h. clingS To his posi-
Tons, the mo!e widely the victor has
manpuvred. the more enc. getically he
has nursued tho or,,,.r an 49,
number of prisoners
The nupbar ,r ,ris,,,ar. ,,,... i.
battle has ba.p ircro,sir,,. a.,
cause in old d,,, tba,. t.tii.i i,,.,.,.,
OF capturinp. ,..ro,di,. ha.,,,,' -, ,,.,
ern DAYS mornuv~eu 100 o,a,,,'.,
over a wider ana wider ara, ,nI ,,,.'
suit il mare viyorn,,s /, ra,',,,,
proportlon nf ,iirod ,,J u..,,,,'i,',
the electives ord ~ ,b..s, ,b.. -,
ton of killed is con,in,,,Ii,. ,I,,,,tr'st,
ing.
In antinui,v the ba,,er ar,,,. ,,,o,,
lost so nor cont l,il,ad ,rha 49,,
lost few men T,IFro tho or,,,.a =,
gether The us,ol ri,n,,,,ia, ,,,,s % wv.
cent killed ~
The durI:inn .,r ,,,,,,r.. .,,,l h,,,ro.
depends n.in,in,II,. ,n ,ho n',n,I,1,. -,
combatauts and th. r,,,,.,' 80 ,i'' ,,.'...,'
ons The m p. ru,n.r,,,s ,ho ,,,,,,i.'
tants are ana ia. u,d.r tho ,.,,,, ','',
which tho Heh, - snraad ,ba ,',,.
time is roouirad In h,jna 3D., ,','a,..,,''''.
10 conclusion Tho "r.,,o. ,i,a r,r,.
and n,u,,,. - - NV ''u5'
reconp ,i.s,rc,s ,,,I ,,..,,.,t .',t.,