Evening star., 1914-11-15

| the south, has, in recent years. been
promised a new life by the govern.
ment experiments in the planting OF
| French maritime pine. which produces
as contrasted with the 1ong-leaf and
Cuban pines of the south, which re-
quire hundred years or more OF
growth before producing. A large
part of the long-leaf pine forests of
| the south has been exhausted because
of wasteful methods of turpentfning.
and the planting OF maritime pine has
been started with most promising re-
suits. Now that the naval stores in
dustry has suffered because Of the war
depression it is probable that private
planting may be discouraged for q
time. although 1t Is hoped by United
be declared before the southern people
have lost interest in the movement to
reforest.
Realizing that many Americans who
| have begun their art studies abroad
will be compelled to
American continue their work in
the United States be-
Art Schools. cause Of the European
; war. DR.. P. P. Claxton, commissioner
| of the United States bureau of educa-
tion. has had a report made on the
| professional art schools Of this coun-
| try by Miss Florence N. Levy, editor
| OF the American Art Annual. In the
study which Miss Levy has made she
! has outlined the history of the move
ment in this country and has described
| Gus institutions, including the academ-
| ic schools, schools Of design and indus
| trial art, schools Of architecture and OF
normal art.
while great progress has been made in
| the development of many art schools
| in this country, art education as
whole lacks coordination. that Ameri-
cans apparently have begun at the
! wrong end. having many schools de-
voted to academic work in contrast to
few industrial art schools. It is be-
lfeved that much can be done by the
federal, state and municipal govern
ments in the way of encouraging the
| the United States by establishing a
| system of scholarships similar to the
practice In number OF European sys-
TENS. There system of small scholar
ships has been developed which grad
| ually eliminates the less talented pu-
| pills, but gives continued and increas-
Ing support to the unusually gifted.
| According to Miss Levy, the Centen-
stimulated a new interest in art and
art education in America. She credits
the Columbian exposition, in Chicago
in 1893, and the Louisiana Purchase
exposition. in 1904, as giving added
United States. and expresses the be-
lief that the Panama Pacific exposi-
| tion, in San Francisco during the COM
ing year, will bring about a great
awakening in art on the Pacific coast.
Miss Levy In her report outlines the
! courses of instruction in the various
art schools of the United States. Civ
| ing their location and tuition fees and
general information for students who
may think of beginning or continuing
their studies in any of the various
American schools.
| Now that Uncle Sam, through the
United States public health service,
| has set standard
Drinking Water of purity for all
c+o,ao.a, drinking water fur
' nished on common
carriers entering into interstate traf-
f1c, many Inquiries have begun to pour
into Surgeon General Rupert Blues
Office about the manner and method
used by the governments chemists
and physicians in setting this new wa
ter standard.
| For the past two years the United
States public health service has re-
qulred that common carriers shall fur
nish pure water for passengers trav-
cling In interstate traffic, and in or
der to determine that the water fur
nished by railroad and steamship COM
panies is free from organisms or ma
terial likely to carry disease to hu-
mans the companies have been required
| to furnish certificates of examination
of the water signed by state or mu-
| Nxyif hi
| Jurisdictions the water was obtained.
! In making the laboratory examina-
tons OF water. experts soon realized
that it was desirable that a definite
the government, and, following out
suggestions made, the Secretary Of the
! Treasury. Of whose department the
public health service is a branch, ap-
nent chemists. bacteriologists and
| health officers, from various parts of
| the United States. After working for
more than year the members Of the
commission came to an agreement upon
| the standard of purity for drinking wa
ter which would safeguard the health
of the travelling public.
The standard has been approved and
| the widespread interest in the public
health movement is evidenced in the
! number of inquiries which have been
made about it. The description of the
standard for the information of a pro-
l
ly be In technical language because the
standard refers to the number of bac-
terra contained in different volumes of
water. Just how this standard is
reached, however, was described a few
| days ago in non-technical and under
standable English by an officer of the
public health service. as follows:
About fifteen drops of water are
| taken from. the sample in the labora-
| tory. and this small quantity Of water
| is spread upon the surface of thin
| film Of agar. a sort of gelatin. poured
into a fiat glass dish. after the dish
| and all instruments used, including the
agar, have been thoroughly sterilized
present. This dish of gelatin, or cul-
ture media, as it is termed, containing
the water. is placed in an incubator
| and kept at a temperature of 98.6 de-
grees Fahrenheit for twenty-four hours.
| After this period has elapsed, the
plate is taken out and very small spots
are noticed dotted over its surface.
| Each one of these spots represents a
| colony of germs which has developed: !:
! each colony from a separate germ con-
| tanned In the original sample of water.
The colonies are counted by means of a
disk ruled into squares, which fits un-
| der the thin glass dish. If the number
of colonies found in the amount of wa
| exceeds 100, the water is to be rejected
as unsatisfactory. Any count less than
| 100 colonies per plate Is considered a
safe limit of permissible meteorological
| impurity.
There are other tests to which the
water is subjected, using larger quanti-
| ties and different materials as culture