davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-09-06

- URMOUNTING the great Bran
denburger Thor. at the extreme
western end of the famous Inter
~ den Linden in Berlin. Germany.
are four magnifcently cast
bronze horses. heroic in size. which. at
full gallop, are drawing chariot in
which the driver is the female figure OF
Victory. holding in one hand the reins
with which she guides her charges and
in the other scepter.
These noble steeds, with the excep-
ton Of seven-year period. have stood
at the top of this beautiful gateway at
the entrance to Berlin for 12o years.
That one exception was from 1907 to
1914. In the former year the conquering
Napoleon. having laid successful siege
to Berlin and entered the city. returned
to Paris. On his trip to his capital he
drove with him the beautiful bronze
quadriga as a souvenir of his triumphal
progress against the Teutonic people.
X
Arriving at Paris with his trophy
Napoleon caused to be built in the Place
de Carrousal, near the Louvre, trium-
phai arch in honor of his then all
powerful self. Upon this arch he placed
the bronze quadriga from the Branden-
burg gateway
But Napoleon could not be forever the
conqueror. When. In 1914. the victorious
allies concentrated against him, finally
overthrow him under Wellington at
Waterloo. Napoleons career Of triumph
was ended forever. At that time. by an
agreement made among the allies them
selves. all the works of art which Ma
poleon had brought to Paris from the
countries he successfully invaded were
to be returned to their respective own
"ers. Then was the four-horse quadriga
of the Brandenburg gateway returned
TO the place at the end of Inter den
Linden.
Thus 1t was that the quadriga, which
Napoleon had driven from the banks
of the Spree to the banks of the Seine,
again passed over the broad highway
guarded by the Prussians, who first
had lost possession of it The quadriga
was placed for the second time upon
the Brandenburg Thor. and there for
exactly 100 years it has remained, no
foe since then having crossed the Dor
ders of the fatherland to Berlin.
The gate itself has five passageways
The structure Is wonderfully orna-
mented in bas-reliefs depicting famous
conquests Of the Teuton armies. The
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-09-06
VISITORS AT THE TOMB OF NAPOLEON

Under the eyelids. half open. the eye
balls had lost neither volume. shape nor
color. The nose was perfect The
cheeks were puffy. but remarkable for
softness and suppleness to touch and
the wilderness of their color. Hermetic
closing of the collins had kept the body
free from HETEROGENEOUS.
The boys stood dreaming, hats of.
THE thin lips were parted" said the
general: the skin preserved the texture
and tint OF life
STERLING HELLO
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-09-06
pecial Correspondence of The star.

Special Correspondence of The Star.
PARIS, August 20. 1914.
- -APoLEON'S tomb is spacious.
n grandiose, silent. A park-dke
M quarter beyond the Ethel tow
err. Wide, shady avenues few
people in them; rich new
apartment houses on wide
parade ground; old bronze cannon before
the palace of the Soldiers Home. One
sees few old soldiers. Well dressed, dlgnl-
fed, they pass like shadows.
Enter a monumental iron gate. Pass
armed sentries, pass a green lawn Mount
wide steps and stand in vast interior
beneath a noble dome. Mansard built 1t
part Of the Old Veterans Church. He
rotc rrescoes above. carved stone all
around.
In the center of the floor huge circu-
lar hole, protected by stone balustrade.
Look down. Giant angels Of victory down
there stand against the pillars that sus-
tain the floor. Between then panoplies OF
molding banners. The Victories watch a
great sarcophagus of Finland granite,
gift of the Gar Nicholas.
Once 1 was near an aged veteran who
showed young soldier around. Napoleon
Is entombed really in the historical Ola
Soldiers Home of Paris-"Invalides' i'll
valid But the system has changed; no
new ones enter and the old have almost
died off This one dated from the Cr1mea;
his father had fought at Waterloo. and
he imagined himself and a few other
glorious old relics in some particular way
to guard the emperor.
They stood by the circling balustrade
and looked into the yawning space Of cir
cling Victories and sarcophagus. Alter
mating with the angels are those stands
of moldering flags and banners-fags and
banners and more flags and banners-tak-
en- in battle from all the armies and
countries of Europe in Napoleon's grand
campaigns.
The veteran spoke low:
THE allies, entering Paris, hurried here
to take their flags back, but they did not
find them. And once again, in 1871, the
Germans sought them in vain. The old
soldiers had hidden them well. If we
could not keep them any other way" he
sair 1--WE would burn them and swallow
the ashes!'
Descending the steps behind the balda-
uuin you pass the black marble tombs OF
Marshals Duroc and Bertrand, which
guard the approach to Napoleon. The
door to the circling crypt Is massive
bronze, It was opened for Roosevelt on
his famous visit. Over the door, In let
tiers of gold. are the words taken from
his will:
II wish that my ashes shall repose on
the banks of the Seine. among the French
people, whom 70 loved"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-09-06

this notice must be communicated at once
to the governments through the diplo-
matte channel: that at the close of the
war the contracting powers undertake to
do their utmost to remove the mines
which they ha. e laid, each power remov-
Ing its own mines; and, as regards an
chored automatic contact mines laid by
one OF the belligerents of the coast OF
the other, their position must be notified
to the other party by the power which
laid them. and each power must proceed
with the least possible delay to remove
the mines in their own waters.
The last article of the convention de-
clares that 1.-The contracting parties
which do not at present own perfected
mines of the pattern contemplated in the
present convention and which could not
at present carry out the rules laid down
In article and g. undertake to convert
the material Of their mines as soon as
ity with the foregoing requirement."
This convention was ratified by the
United States. Austria-Hungary. Belgium,
Denmark, Guatemala, Haiti, japan, Mex
leo, Netherlands. Norway, Panama and
Salvador. The convention was ratified
with reservations by Germany, France,
Great Britain and Siam.
The sowing Of the sea with contact
mines has been one Of the features OF
war which the peace, law and order In
terests of the world have made strong
efforts to humanize. but the compromise
results achieved at The Hague conference
OF 1907 Is as far as those efforts have
awaited. Mines played a large part IN
the news of the Russo-Japanese war ana
also considerable part in the TRACE
dies Of that war. Breaking loose from
their anchorages, they foated away and
by ind and current were carried to waters
far removed from the theater Of war.
1t was to correct this condition, In
so Tar as subsequent wars might be
concerned. that the signatory powers
or The Hague convention agreed that
1t should be contrary to the rules OF
Was to lay anchored automatic con-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-09-06
ITH all Europe at

war, with charges
and countercharg-
es of "violation Of
the rules of civil
lied warfare fly
ing back and forth,
1t Is well worth
while looking into
these rules. In
early conventions
of nations 1t was
agreed that unne-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-09-06
AUTOMATIC CONTACT MINES SUBMERGED I'm THE SEA.

CUBMBRGED mines Of violent explo-
sives planted in the sea for the pur-
pose Of wrecking the ships Of hos
tile nation have already taken their toll
and the lives and ships Of neutrals have
been destroyed also. In the convention
relative to the laying of automatic sub
marine contact mines. which was adopted
at the second international peace confer
ence held at The Hague in 1907. it is for
hidden under article 1 to lay unanchored
automatic contact mines, except when
they are so constructed as to become
harmless one hour at most after the per-
son who laid them ceases to control
them. to lay anchored automatic contact
mines which do not become harmless as
their moorings. and to use torpedoes
which do not become harmless when they
have missed their mark.
Under the terms Of article Of the
same convention 1t Is forbidden to lay
automatic contact mines Off the coast
and ports of the enemy with the sole OBJ
ject of intercepting commercial shipping.
Article 3 recites that when anchored
automatic contact mines are empioye ed
every possible precaution must be taken
for the security OF peaceful shipping. and
that the belligerentc undertake to do
their utmost to render these mines harm
less within limited time. and should
they cease to be under surveillance to
notify the danger zones as soon as mill
tary exigencies permit by a notice adj
dressed to shipowners, which must also
be communicated to the governments
through the diplomatic channel"
\ r
The 4th, 9Th and 9Th articles of the con-
vention relative to the laying of auto
matte submarine mines provide that neu-
trail powers which lay automatic contact
mines of their coasts must observe the
same rules and take the same precautions
as are imposed on belligerents: that the
neutral power must inform shipowners by
a notice issued in advance where auto
nsat;c contact mines have been aid, and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-09-06

FREDERICK the Great" who acceded to
the Prussian throne through the death
of his father, Frederick William 1. May
81, 1T4o. He died in Sans-Souci. August
II, 1856. and seven years later the
Brandenburger Thor was completed.
The cost of the gate was half million
thalers, nearly 100000 in American
money.
There has been much speculation as
to whether. in the event that the allies
Of 1914 should reach Berlin before the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-09-06

cessary pillage. the destruction of objects
Of art and the use of needlessly cruel
bullets should be banned. Later regula-
tons have reduced the operation of mill
tary and naval forces to the exactness of
a game Of base hall-that is, they have
on paper. There are certain boundary
lines which no nation may overstep with
out mourning the ennity of other nations.
When The Hague conference was held
in 1907 1t was clear that the nations
never dreamed of such q worldwide
struggle as exists today. The regulations
laid down seem to be based on the idea
that two nations should settle their diff
ferences with the rest Of the world look
ing on and insisting on fair play.
Most interesting OF the documents
which have come from The Hague, the
London naval conference, which was
never ratified in this country. the Geneva
conference and other meetings of nations,
is the declaration adopted in the capital of
Holland in 1907 prohibiting the attack on
cities from the air Germany, according
to report. has twice sent her Zeppelins
into the air to rain down death on Bel
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-09-06

tact mines which DO not become harm
less as soon as they have broken
loose from their mornings"
All nations facing on these seas have
submarine mines and are prepared to
lay them at the first call of war The
United States has many. and in official
reports the plea has been made that
this country has not enough and
pecially constructed as a mine plant
en-" and it has other ships whose con-
struction has been so modified that
they are capable Of planting mines
The type OF submarine mine which
one hears most of in the United States
is that which is exploded from sta
ton on shore by means OF electric cur
rent switched on when observation
the destruction zone of that mine But
there Is no doubt that the United
States also possesses independent auto
matte contact mines which 1t would
anchor of the coast at points threat
ened by an invading feet.
The submarine mine is an old idea
Robert Fulton had a mine, the adop-
ton OF which he urged upon the Brit
tsh admiralty. The mines of the olden
time We're charged with black gunpow-
der. Then they came to load them
with guncotton or nitrocellulose,
which is formed by acting upon cotton
with nitric acid. Mines have been
made by loading the cavity or recep-
thcie with HltEoSlycer1n, winch 1S
formed by acting upon glycerin with
nitric acid.
Nltroglycerin Is sensitive to slight
shock IN transportation or in handling,
and for this reason absorbents have been
provided for 1t that might be reduced to
solid form and handled with greater
safety. Sometimes these absorbents are
inert and add nothing to the explosive
force of the mass. and this is the case
with a number Of the dynamites. In
some cases an active absorbent is used
as, for example. potassium nitrate, and
the explosive violence of the mass Is in
creased.
The mines. which have no doubt been
planted by all nations now at war, are
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-09-06

Regulations Reduce
Operation of Military
and Naval Forces to
Exactness of Game OF
Base Ball Treaties
Ratified by Nations
Are Interesting Docu-
-Battleships in
Neutral Ports-ADec-
laration Prohibiting
the Attack on Cities
From the Air.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-09-06

middle gateway is never used by the
common people in Berlin. Passage
through it Is reserved exclusively for
royalty.
The entire gateway was designed
from the original Propylae of Athens,
which was built In that city by Men
skies. Its erection in Germany was
by order of King Frederick William II,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-09-06

present European turmoil is ended, the
famous quadriga of the Brandenburger
Thor would be once more taken on
another Journey to Paris. The state
ment has been made that the French
look with longing at the Schadow mas
terpiece, especially since there has
been added to 1t since its return to
Berlin, in remembrance Of the Prus-
sian conquerors, the symbols of 10y
atty and Patriotism in the forms of a
Landwehr cross and Prussian eagle.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-09-06

Scouts being shown the tomb and relics
by Gen. Niox. director Of the Museum
of the Army.
We were down in the crypt. before the
bronze door.
HE is in there" the boys whispered.
MY father saw him." said one. Every
body thought he must be mistaken, but
famous Partisan who knew the lad
to be of the Mellinet family. told us how
he, too, had been of the party when this
boys father and himself were boys of
eleven. Gen. Mellinet, then Governor of
the Invalides, took them.
My own father raised me in his arms
to look" tells Jean Richepin. the poet:
for 1t was he. And l saw the emperor.
1 have never forgotten the sight. What
Is seen at that age by boy OF eleven
makes a deep impression. can still
behold those eyes half closed, the beard
slightly grown, the face of the white
ness of marble, on which spread few
spots that looked like bronze: When
there mingle In my memory that face
of wax, which I have seen. and those
eyes, which l have seen. / see the en-
peror as truly as II had known him."
Tho face was for a time exposed to
public view once a year, August Is, the
fete of Napoleon.
Vast crowds passed in. round and out.
The upper part of the coffin was raised,
and through plate glass the Man of
Destiny was seen, not as sleeping, but
awaking. eyes half opened. just begin
This wa surtil 1852; but 1t was pre-
sumed that the bronze spots threatened
injury, and 1t was ordered to risk no
more possible movement of exposure to
the air. even under thickness of plate
glass.
He was never embalmed. At St. Helena
they lacked the necessary material. So it
was wonderful that he was found I'M
touched by time in 1871. when they
brought him back to France.
He was inclosed In four collins, one of
mahogany. one of lead and one Of tin
plate Now there are five. tin plate ma
hogany, lead, a second in lead. separated
from the others by sawdust and wood
bricks, and one Of ebony. When last
opened the body seemed as II envel-
oped in a transparent cloud. The head
of the conquerer rested on a pillow.
The lofty brow was wrinkled by thought.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-09-06

l URMoUNTING the great Bran
denburger Thor. at the extreme
western end of the famous Inter
y den Linden in Berlin. Germany,
are four magnificently cast
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1914-10-22
JAPANESE CRUISER
IS SUNK BY Mine

Toxic, Oct. 20.-The light Japanese
cruiser Takachiho has been sunk by
striking a German floating mine while
patrolling the coast off the harbor en-
trance Of kiaochou, the German con
cession on the Shantung peninsula.
Three hundred and forty-four of her
crew were lost with her. Only. thir-
teen survivors were rescued by war
ships.
No details Of the disaster, the first
Of any real consequence to the Japa-
nese navy in the present war, have
been received.
The T%akachiho was one of the old
est Of the Japanese cruisers. She was
built in 1885, was of 300 tons dis
placement, speed 1873 knots and vas
armed with eight six-inch guns, two
~siX-pounders and fourteen machine
guns.
When she was remodeled in 1900
four torpedo tubes were inserted.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1914-10-22
RUSSIANS CLAIM TO
Be MAKING GAINS

London, Oct. 20.-ln the eastern
theater Of the war the great battle of
Poland appears to be progressing in
favor Of the Russians, who say they
have checked decisively the German
forces in their attempt to cross the
Vistula river. The Russians in and
around Warsaw are being protected
temporarily from fresh German ar
tillery aggression by reason of the
impossible condition of the country
through recent rains and owing to the
Lowicz to Warsaw on which the Ger
mans could transport their heavy guns.
Around Przemysl, in Galicia, the
Austrians assert they have killed and
wounded 10000 Russians and also
have crossed the Carpathians, but on
the other hand the Russians repulsed
an Austrian attempt to cross the San
river. That the Austrians are meet
ing with vigorous opposition is admit
ted in the latest official statement,
which says: Our troops are advanc-
ing as against a fortress"
The Telegraph's correspondent at
Petrogard says that although the Ger
man-Austrian attempts to cross the
Vistula river failed, and the invaders
were compelled to assume the often
sive, they appear to have retired in
good order.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1914-10-22
HIBBARD is NEW MODERATOR
Presbyterians Select Bismarck for
Next Meeting Place.

North Dakota Presbyterians, who
held their annual convention at Lis.
bon, will hold their next annual meet.
ing in Bismarck. Rev. +. ]. Hubbard
of Langdon was elected moderator for
the coming year.
The synod adopted resolutions au.
thorizing the immediate completion OF
the $685. 900 endowment fund for
Jamestown college, only $4,000 re.
naming to be obtained. President
H. B. Kroeze of the college was placed
in command of this financial cam
paign. The great need of new dorm.
itory facilities at the college was EN-.
phasized and plans to meet the de-
mand were made.
The peace movement was given
hearty support, while endorsement of
woman suffrage fell by the wayside,
the synod failing to act on the: reso-
luton. No change in the denomina-
tons attitude toward comfy relations
was made, the work continuing on the
same basis as in the past. Under a
new plan of apportioning the state
evangelists they will be available for
service in all sections of the state, in.
stead Of in individual presbyteries, as
has been the case heretofore.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1914-10-22
QUAKE IN GREECE
DOES BIG DAMAGE

Paris. Oct. ia Havas agency dis
patch from Athens says hat great
damage was done by an earthquake.
The villages of Kaparelli and Pyri,
near Thebes, were destroyed. At
Thehes the shocks were accompanied
by subterranean rumblings. The Gre
clan province of Boeotia suffered most.
Twenty distinct shocks were felt
there.
The number of casualties is not
known. Provisions and tents are be-
ing hurried for those who have lost
their homes.
In Athens the movements were felt
for twenty seconds. Several houses
were wrecked and the foundations OF
many were shaken.
Another dispatch from Athens says
all the houses in Thebes we're ruined.
The railway stations on the Larisca
line suffered much, and a good deal of
damage was done at Piraeus. Atalante
and Chelkis experienced severe prop
erty losses. Shocks were felt in the
Peloponnesus, Cyclades, Euboea and
1onian islands.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1914-10-22
WOMEN RETAIN PRESIDENT
North Dakota Club Federation Re-
Elects Miss M. j. Nelson.

Miss Minnie j. Nelson of Valley
City was reelected president of the
North Dakota Federation of Women's
Clubs, at the jamestown convention.
She received all but three of the
11S votes cast. Mrs. e. B. Goss of
Bismarck, Mrs. Grant Hager of Graf
ton and Mrs. NJ. A. Baldwin of Far
go we're other candidates.
Miss Nelson had previously de-
clared that she would not accept re-
election.
Further success for suffrage work.
ers came when the Votes for Wom-
en- League of jamestown was among
four new clubs admitted.
Mrs. Robert La Toilette was chal-
lenged to debate by opponents of
equal suffrage. but she declined, in
sisting that she had come to the
state as the guest of the Fedora
ton.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1914-10-22
Cruiser Sunk
in North Sea.
ONLY FORTY nine OF
THE CREW ARE SAVED
Vessel Almost Torn to Pieces
by the Explosion.
London, Oct. 17.-~England has lost

London, Oct. 17.-~England has lost
another cruiser through the activity
or the German submarine fleet.
The cruiser Hawke, utilized for
scouting purposes off the German
naval base in the North sea, has been
%torpedoed and sunk with a loss of
about 800 officers and men.
The disaster took place at a point
in the North sea, the location of which
ment issued by the admiralty one of
Hawke was steaming along when she
was struck almost amidships by a
torpedo sent by a submarine and al
most torn to pieces.
According to an official nnounce-
ment issued by the admiralty, one of
the Hawkes. officers and fo~rty-nine
men have been saved.
While a comparatively old vessel,
the Hawke was especially suited for
the work assigned her-patrol duty.
She is the warship which just missed
sending the giant White Star liner
Olympic to the bottom Of the English
channel, when she rammed the liner
during a fog in 1911. At that time
the Olympic was leaving port en- route
for America with every cabin filled
with passengers and she was in grave
danger of sinking for some hours.
The Hawke carried a crew of 544
men and officers and was armored
with a belt of six-inch armor.
The disaster to the Hawke follows
by about three weeks the sinking in
the North sea of the British cruis-
ers Aboukir, Hogue and Cressy.
These vessels succumbed to the at
tack of a German submarine and
with them some sixty British officers
and 1,400 men went to their death.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1914-10-22
IN NORTH DAKOTA
News Of the Week From Many
Sections Of the State.
CLUB SUFFRAGISTS TRIUMPH
Women Endorse Issue When Pre-.
scented to the Convention in
Minority Report.

By an overwhelming majority wom-
an suffrage was endorsed by the North
Dakota Federation of Women's Clubs
at jamestown, the vote being lis to
80, after a bitter and spirited fight in
which Mrs. n. c. Young led the fight
against endorsement and in which
Mrs. l.. M. Doctorman Of Williston,
Mrs. R. NJ. Pollock of Fargo, Mrs. Guy
Grove and Mrs. ]. NJ. Gillette of Grand
Forke led the supporters.
The resolution was adopted on the
report of Mrs. Doctorman as minority
member Of the resolutions committee.
The majority had ignored the question
in its report.
Mrs. E. b. Goss practically charged
that the %suffragists had packed the
convention.