davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun., 1914-08-16

Mr.. Ch!ttenden says: The pupation
of all individuals observed IN the early
fall was in little earthen cells. which
were nearly erect OF more or less in
clined, the head in all cases being near
est the surface and those noted in COM
pact earth had smooth walls, made so
by the constan, revolving OF the pupa
within. Occasionally the pupe were not
so protected, while again. some of the
cells were lined with a thick coating OF
down which undoubtedly served to pro-
tect them better from the fatal Tigors
of a northern winter"
In the spring the worms appear from
the underground. work their havoc,
and after brief while reenter tn
earth. There they remain In the
cocoon state for several weeks. at the
conclusion OF which they emerge aF
moths, which in their turn lay eggs and
start again the story OF tho evolutional
life OF the army worm.
In the three weeks of ats active
career the army worm can do a vast
deal OF damage and II is quite as neces-
sary to Kill tho parent moths as IL ts
to destroy the worms themselves. II
you see a light gray moth with a small
e
just swat s. at once. You will thus
prevent the breeding Of scores of the
baneful worms.
Fortunately for the husbandman. the
army worm has number OF natural
enemies, and among these the ubiqui-
tous sparrow Is probably the most
formidable on the score of numbers
Next comes the blueJay, and then follow
he Tachina fly and a variety OF beetle;
but during season like the present
these aids TO man are not sufficient.
Trenchihg the fields and the generous
uce Of kerosene and arsenical powders
ire very helpful but even before these
eleventh hour agencies clean cultural
methods and the rotation of crops wifi
10 much more toward eradicating the
slumbering pests.
Keep the edges OF fields and the
hedges about gardens free OF long grass
and weeds. the lurking places Of the
larvse, while fall ploughing will kill
those that have entered the ground
already for wintering OF course these
cultural efforts will not avail when the
parent moth itself Games from the
South in the springtime and begins TO
lay eggs that will certainly hatch dur
ing warm weather. This IL the attack
that cannot be anticipated. and probably
In this way the present epidemic has
been so widely spread
The sun., 1914-08-16

TO take charge OF the Red Cross ship.
Each OF the nurses 10 be sent with II is
20 be loo per cent. efficient, not only
IN her particular work Of nursing, bu,
also physically, because OF The great
hardships which the nurses will have
to endure.
Mrs Charles Stevenson, president Of
the New York state Association OF
Nurses who served as Red Cross
nurse during the Spanish American
war, and who has been one Of the most
active members in helping to reorganize
the National Red Cross and bring It
up 10 its present state Of efficiency, ts,
as she expressed IT 70 THE srN re-
porter, mo longer In the field % active
service" As che says, she has her
hands full in caring for her two young
sters and her home. In answer to a
queCtion as 10 the work Of the Red
Cross nurse Of to. day Mrs. Stevenson
said:
she is not the sentimental damsel
who sits holding the wounded soldiers
hand or reading poetry 10 him, but an
efficient Individual who knows that
cooling drink or an alcohol rub is
better calculated to cool his raging
feVer. tor that reason none nut regis
tered nurses are of any real aid in
situations such as arise under con-
d!t!ons presented in war times.
Volunteer nurses are OF little ma
ter!al aid when called upbn TO do what
they term menial work AS an Illus
tration of what is meant by this, when
the Duchess OF Marlborough was asked
II she intended TO go into the field and
act as a nurse she replied, NO. BY
training and environment I would be
The sun., 1914-08-16

that the pest is properly the so-called
fall army worm, known 10 science as
Laphygma frugiperda. IL was this cat
erpillar that made an exceptionally de-
struct-ve record for itself in 1899, and
again behaved so badly In 1912 that
Congress made a special appropriation
to enable the farmers to battle with Il.
The term fall army worm is somewhat
Misleading, because the insect is harm
ful in Its ravages at an earlier season.
says Mr.. Chittenden:
"A feature of this Insects attack, and
one from which II has derived its pop
ular name Of fall army worm, has al
ways been emphasized, viz, that 1t sell
dom travels in numbers or does appre-
ciable injury except In the fall. II Is
seldom noticed, therefore. except in the
extreme South, earlier than the first OF
August" But this doesn't tell the whole
story by any means. because the first
OF these caterpillars may appear much
earlier in this part OF the country.
The authorities agree that the army
'-orm, especially the fall army worm,
10 OF Southern origin, and this fact
helps TO explain why II does not appear
yearly in destructive numbers. Its in
stinct prompts 1t to strive continually
" a
north than Its natural range and here
is where weather conditions play an i'm
portant part in its life history in this
part of the country. Ordinarily, II the
season is unfavorable to them North.
they are killed in great numbers dur
ing the fall and winter months, and
few OF the creatures are left 10 propa-
gate the species the following spring
and summer. In all likelihood the
Northern States have become restocked
this year by the fight of the parent
moth from Southern localities in which
swamp lands and similar breeding
grounds facilitate their multiplication.
The moth which produces the fall
army worm Is a member OF the night
flying variety or Noctu!de, in fact OF
the same family as that which gives us
the true army worm or I.eucania uni
puncta and which also embraces the
parents OF the baneful cutworm. an i'm
rortation from the Old World of long
years of acclimatization here. These
moths are not uniform in color as
adults, even though Matched from the
same lot Of larva, 80 it Is unnecessary
TO enter into a description OF them.
| II is the habit OF these nocturnal
moths TO deposit their eggs In clusters
IN grasses and, when these insects oc-
,ur in verv large numbers, often on
caves and twigs Of trees. as well as the
outer walls Of buildings and kindred
The sun., 1914-08-16

The mature army worm ranges from
an inch to an inch and a half in length
and is something like a quarter Of an
Inch In diameter. II varies somewhat in
its adult coloring, and II you are suf-
hciently interested in details OF dress
probably the following particulars may
be worth remembering. They are given
by the Government specialist, Mr.. Chit.
tenden:
Body striped on a ground color which
ranges from pale yellowish brown. duh
dark olivaceous or purplish brown, to
black, more or less stresked and inter.
mixed with dull yellow. Three thin
stripes OF pale yellow extend along the
dorsal surface 10 the tail end. The
dorsal or middle line is nearly straight.
and the subdorsal ones are feebly sim
uate with the prominence OF each seq.
ment.
"on each side there is a broad yellow
undulating line, more or less strongly
mottled with red. particularly in the
vicinity OF the add ominal legs. The
ventral or lower surface Is paler. vary
ing from dun yellow TO greenish, some
times very strongly mixed with red"
There are a few other refinements in
connection with this creatures gsrb, but
the foregoing essentials will enable you
TO spot him should he cross your path
or property.
In most years tho army worm Is
particularly destructive TO winter whea,
and other cereals, grasses and other
graminaceous plants, but 1t often does
damage earlier In the season TO various
other crops. II is apt especially to
attack young corn IN a very similar
manner TO the we'll known corn ear
worm, the young larvaa devouring the
| tender folded leaves. and as they In.
crease in size sometimes burrowing into
the heart and destroying the forming
ear.
The life history OF the cree ture 4,
not long one, as three generations In
a season plainly indicate. The first O
the larve are from eggs deposited tn,
! fa.l before and their manner OF winter,
ing is of interest.
When full grown the larvm work
their way into the ground to a depti
ranging from quarter OF an inch Il
an inch and quarter, and strange to say
this degree OF penetration Is apparently
unaffected by the brood or the time O,
the season. In fact. those changing Il
the pupa stage In late October and earl,
in November do so at the same depti
as others observed in August and Sep
! tembar.
The sun., 1914-08-16
Miss Mabel T. Boardman
Red Cross Nurses Picked for Their
Efficiency Will Act as Organizers
in Foreign Fields
Miss Mabel T. Boardman.

having chills. Of course you know the
important thing in typhoid Is TO keep
up the strength OF the patient until he
has passed the crisis, but some OF the
poor fellows were IN such a condition
from lack OF care and nourishment that
1t was almost impossible to bring them
around.
81 was trained In the City Hospital
and we had there all sorts OF tramp,
and criminals as we'll as the worthy
poor and when I thought of the atten-
ton given to that class OF people and
the contrast between that and what
was offered by our country 70 its heroes
who were lying exposed on deck with
out a clean sheet or blanket ii made
me furious.
I'VE had two or three society women
on board who had volunteered as as
sistants. but when they discovered that
the care OF typhoid patients consisted
OF more than reading poetry they de-
cided they didn't like the work. How
ever. one OF this number proved the
exception 10 the rule. Although she
was a young society bud. who perhaps
had been reared in greater luxury than
any OF the others, she put her shoulder
to the wheel and was always ready to
come TO our assistance, no matter what
irksome task was required.
I'VE have a we'll organized Red Cross
now and we are able TO cope with and
prevent repetition OF the terrible con-
d!t!ons that existed in 1898. when more
men were killed by disease than by bull
let's"
Miss Boardman, in referring to the
offer made by the Federal Council
of Switzerland to make that country a
Red Cross hospital camp for the re-
The sun., 1914-08-16
Mrs. Whtelaw Reid
Expect to Send Fully Equipped Hospital
Ship Across the Atlantic..- The
Red Cross Nurse of To-day

A MEXICAN women are working
N 10 alleviate so far as they can
n the horrors Of the war in Europe
They are especially Interested in
the plan Of the American Nationa, He'd
Cross 20 send a hospital ship to Europe.
Mrs. Whitelsw Reid has offered TO de-
fray the expenses Of twelve OF the
nurses for a month.
The original idea was to have this
vessel equipped and sent TO Mexico, but
as her services were not called for in
Mexico ana as in the interim the Euro
pean war broke out The plan has been
changed and enlarged so that she will
cross the Atlantic. The nurses who are
10 accompany this expedition are picked
from the principal hospital centres Of
America and their special forte is thor
ough organization and efficiency. They
will act as organizers in the foreign
field, where they may be needed 10 in
struct probation nurses how to obtain
the best results from whatever meagre
equipment may be at hand.
That the Red Cross IN America is
better equipped than any other similar
organization IN the world is indicated
oy the receipt OF a letter from Queen
Eleonore OF Bulgaria expressing the
wish that Miss Mabel T. Boardman
might establish = training school for
nurses on the American plan In the
state Alexander Hospital in Soma To
this end she desired TO have four young
Bulgarian women trained in the United
States with a view to their taking
charge Of the school
Miss Helen Scott Hay, formerly
superintendent of the Illinois Training
School for Nurses. has been delegated
The sun., 1914-08-16
New Red Cross uniform with and without cape
Above-Mrs. Charles Stevenson.

when we arrived at Santiago some
Of the men had contracted typhoid fever
IN their home camp and never even got
ashore but were returned TO the United
States. II was fearfully hot and these
poor fellows were wearing the heavy
nannels and woollen uniforms that they
had on when first taken SICK. Most
Of them had very high temperatures,
and you can imagine how miserable
they were with heavy clothes in that
climate.
I'VE had very little clean linen on
board, and this. let me tell you, Is a
great hardship in a sickroom, let alone
in field work. This lack OF proper
linen very frequently necessitates the
personal care and laundering OF II by
The sun., 1914-08-16

united Gor the work ana could be Of
no actual value. But | intend to or
ganize a corps of nurses who have been
thoroughly trained to such duties, and
my contribution will be the bearing Of
expenses In the field
My own experience in the Spanish
war affords another illustration OF the
kind Of work needed. ! can't tell you
how terrible the conditions were on
board the army transport Lampasas.
We had no room for the men in the
berths. and besides 1t was so sitting
that they would have died there. So
We had TO lay them on the decks. There
were not enough mattresses to go round
and some OF the men had to lie on can
vas or blankets.
The sun., 1914-08-16

THE army worm is not an un-
common pest, but Its ravaging
sweep during the present sea-
son is attracting unusual atten-
t,on, In view Of the situation in Europe
and the probable rise in the price of
foodstuffs.
In the chronological realm It is
present near.y every year in the form
OF more or less destructive caterpillar
pests, but IL is commonly confined 10 a
fairy small area. When these crea.
turea appear in unusually large numbers
and migrate in hordes In search of
food then they are popularity dubbed
army worms, The normal habit of
these caterpllars Is the same as that
OF others OF their kin. which includes
the cutworms, and some OF them can
well nigh always be found in fields and
gardens, but so few in number and so
moderate in harmful work that they es.
cape general notice.
Ordinarily. or during these off sea-
sons, the army worms feed mainly upon
the grasses or weeds in which the
parent moth has laid her eggs But
unfortunately no class OF caterpillars
IN more subject to fluctuations in num-
bers in different seasons. Therefore
when for any reason their ranks become
abnorma.ly swelled they first aevour
every form Of vegetation that is pa.a-
table to them and Immediately avail
able. When this food has become ex-
hausted, when they have virtually
stripped field, pasture, garden, &C, then
they march In living waves or armies
IN search OF other means OF sustenance
The army worm has a fairly long
family record. 1t is an old resident and
undoubtedly native OF North America.
and especially INDIGENOUS to the United
States. Back in 1884, when Smith and
Ahbot's Natural History of the Lepi-
dopterous Insects Of Georgia" was pub
lshed, due mention was made therein
OF the army worm and Its hurtful ways,
nut It had not then grown to the dignity
OF a widely destructive pest.
During the summer and fall Of ls45 il
rot busy in Florida, and ten years later
u attracted attention by its widespread
.~T"ges, For the next twenty odd years
Il kept so well within BOUNDS that no
liEucu.dr mention OF its presence was
noted, but IN 1868 It broke loose in the
cotton belt and did 4 deal OF harm
!. rom that time on it has been injuri-
J o1siy active at fairly frequent inter.
walls.
from the general descriptions OF ths
worm now prevalent IL is quite nkel,
The sun., 1914-08-16

color from the food eaten. Indeed, the
larv@ at first are frequently so dark
as TO escape observation except when
moving in numbers and this compare.
tive secrecy OF development is facilitated
by the normal habit OF hiding in the
deep grass during the daytime and feed
ing mostly at night. It is because OF this
practice that the suburbanite awakes in
the morning to find his field. garden 1r
AVN ruined which at sundown seemed
in perfect condition.
The sun., 1914-08-16

nurses. IN order TO eliminate as much
as possible the uncomfortable condi-
tlons.
ITO alleviate the sufferings OF the
poor men We were constantly giving
them cooling baths. We had almos, no
medicine and only a limited supply OF
ice. Fortunately the ship had a dis
t!lling plant and we had plenty OF fresh
water. I do not know how we would
have got along otherwise. Fresh air
and sunshine were responsible for the
recovery OF all but eight OF our patients.
DO you know. when 1t rained we
had no way of projecting the poor fell
lows. They were absolutely drenched
and we had TO hurry from one to an
other massaging them 10 keep them from
The sun., 1914-08-16

places. The eggs are about thirty
'ccond of an inch in diameter and are
aid in lots Of from fifty to sixty in a
group. The color is a dull white Of
pearly lustre and the whole mass Is
covered with a mouse colored down from
the body OF the parent.
The larva when first hatched are
decidedly unlike the mature caterpillars
At the start the larve are nearly black.
which makes it hard TO detect them. but
later they become greenish. taking this
The sun., 1914-08-16

A MEXICAN women are working
N 10 alleviate so far as they can
n the horrors Of the war in Europe.
They are esnaciallY Interested IN
Wausau pilot. [volume] (Wausau, Wis.) 1896-1940, 1914-09-15
HOW TREES EAT.
They Seem to Digest Their Food Be-
fore Absorbing Il.

sOto SNbooFptuH It's
Every gardener knows that a tree
can be fed and made to grow with In
creased vigor. If proper nourishment
in the form Of humus, nitrogen. phos.
phate. etc, be placed about its roots
the tree will absorb this food and grow
rapidly and strongly.
But how the tree feeds is sorlew hat
more difficult to explain. In all prob
ability the tree digests its food first
and consumes it afterward Certain it
is that the average tree has no means
OF consuming food as a whole, as men,
bers Of the animal kingdom absorb It
It is well known that the larvae of
certain insects digest their food first
and consume 1t aeterward Observa.
ton would indicate that this is exactly
what the tree does. The tiny rootlets
act ON the substances In the earth, dis
solving and breaking them up so they
can be absorbed through the root pores.
In order so to be taken up the chemi-
Gals must be In liquid form and devoid
Of all waste
The end of each root is armed vita
horny substance. with which 1t can
burrow through the hard soil in search
Of food When food Is found IL Is dis
solved into a liquid and absorbed by
the root f1bers From the root the food
is carried by the sap to all parts of the
tree--St Louis Globe Democrat.
Wausau pilot. [volume] (Wausau, Wis.) 1896-1940, 1914-09-15
SYMPHONY CONCERT.

Sixteen members of the Chicago
Symphony Orchestra, founded by
Theodore Thomas, Albert Uirich,
conducting, under the auspices of
the Wausau Lyceum course, will be
at the Grand opera bouse on Monday
evening, September %, at s:15 o'clock.
"This representative section of the
orchestra that stands as memorial
- Theodore Thomas is offered in the
belief that nothing finer in its line
can be chosen from tie musical re-
sources of the central west. Pro
grams chosen from their wonderfully
extensive repertoire will be of rare
musical excellence, and at the same
time charming in variety. All the
players are virtuosi, and their con-
continuous association assures a per-
feet ensemble"
Wausau pilot. [volume] (Wausau, Wis.) 1896-1940, 1914-09-15
NEW WIRES STRETCHED.


A crew of men was put at work by
the Wausau Telephone company the
past week, stretching wires from the
city out into the town of Easton and
building new lines to various farm
homes. This is into the new district
recently purchased by the Wausau
company from the Maniwa company.
This will add some twelve or fifteen
farm homes to the Farmers Eastern
line, which now numbers twenty.
This line is growing rapidly and be-
fore another year, 80 farm homes will
be on the line connected with the
Wausau Telephone Company's Central
Exchange.
Wausau pilot. [volume] (Wausau, Wis.) 1896-1940, 1914-09-15
DESTROY THE GRUBS.

eff the farmers or Wisconsin will
pillow, as soon as possible, the fields
upon which they intend to raise, next
year, corn, or other crops, which are
grown In hills, they very likely VIII
save themselves thousaudsof dollars"
This is the appeal which James G.
Sanders, Entomolgist for the Univer-
sity Agricultural Experiment Station,
is making to the farmers of the state.
The saving will come from the de-
struction of millions of white grubs,
the worm stage of the June BEETLE,
which are now in the ground and
which, unless killed, will do untold
damage to young crops next spring
and summer.
Mr.. Sanders predicts that, unless
control measures are soon adopted,
the loss by these pests next season
will be exceedingly heavy.
Wausau pilot. [volume] (Wausau, Wis.) 1896-1940, 1914-09-15
BASE BALL NOTES.

The Wisconsin, Illinois baseball sea-
son is now over, Wausau having COM
pleted its season yesterday at Green
Bay. This year as a whole has not
been as successful one as the direc-
tors had hoped for, but the trouble
experienced with Freeport during the
first part of the season delayed prac-
tiee and prevented the managers
from doing as they thought best in a
number of cases. The team has
landed the bottom place but we are
sure that if Wausau is back in the
fold next season the league teams
won't experience such an easy time
with ours and that the Lumberjacks
will be somewhere in the first di-
vision. Several good players have
been developed during the past three
months and will undoubtedly be given
tryouts by the association or by the
major leagues. A number of players
on the various teams are assured
tryouts. Another financial campaign
will have to be begun early next year
should Wausau want to keep its team
in the field, as there will be great
many expenses and especially as new
material must be found somewhere
or other. The attendance this year
has not been anywhere near as good
as it should have been. To keep up a
baseball team in town the size of
Wausau there must be continual
work to keep the interest up. The
Sunday games have all been very well
attended but we fall down on the
week days just as much almost as
every other team does.
The games played last week were
as follows:
Tuesday, ausau 5, Twin Cities l;
at Wausau, Kench pitching.
Wednesday-Wa usau l, Twin Cities
3; at Wausau, Stevens . pitching.
Thursday-No game. rain.
Friday ausau 0, .Ireen Bay L; at
Green Bay, Hoffman pitching.
Saturday-Wausau /, Green Bay s.
at Green Bay.
Sunday two games were played at
Green Bay, the latter's club winning
both.
Tie dnal standing of the teams for
the season of 1914 was as follows:
Wausau pilot. [volume] (Wausau, Wis.) 1896-1940, 1914-09-15
Cyrus a Canal Builder.

In speaking OF the river regulations
of the ancients Sir William Willcocks.
the noted English engineer, said:
Cyrus the Great controlled the
Gyndes. tributary OF the Tigris. In a
truly original manner. Babylonis was
already peopled and lands were needed
for his Persian troops. The Gyndes
discharges 10000 sectional feet and
runs thirty feet deep In a sandy and
mobile bed. He could build no regula-
tor. so he dug thirty canals, divided the
waters OF the river among them. closed
the river by an earthen dam and COM
pleteiy controlled IL As he could never
have induced his wilG soldiers 10 dig
these canals for any useful purpose. he
took advantage OF the fact that bis IA
vorite horse had been drowned I'm the
food and urged his soldiers to dig the
canals and dissipate the waters or the
river In such fashion that Ii could
never again drown a horse.-Ehg!neer
ing Record.
Wausau pilot. [volume] (Wausau, Wis.) 1896-1940, 1914-09-15

This may be a new one TO some of
our readers: Enter into the only drink
dispensary In the dusty town an en-
gineer on an examination "trip. A
small crowd surrounds happy hooking
Prospector who is setting :seul up.
One man informs our engineer. Jim
just struck the thin edge OF an ore
body on bis Rec mountain prospect to-
day, ard he's feeling mighty good.
Then follows an introduction to Jim.
who declares with emphasis. Yes sir.
am within Just three feet Of a mil
lion dollars" A year later. happening
into camp again. our engineer ensoun-
tiers Jim. sitting dejcctediy on bench
in front of the same dispenssry. After
q drink in reply TO an inquiry abonf
the great ore body Jim stated with sad
emphasis. sPsrtner. I'm a million feet
from ST. - Engineering and Aiming
Journal