The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-09-13

Of modern Europe might be- called the
ERA OF MeiterniCh," the present might
hr called the EZRA of Bismarck" so COM
plctely did the Iron Chancellor of Prus-
STA dominate the period Otto Won Bis
marck- Schonhausen may be said to have
perfected the system OF the Austrian
diplomat both as to Internal anGrs
and foreign relations. but he carried the
Metternich ideas to a far higher poin,
and he was in reality far more success
full. although he too in the end had
his downfall. Bismarck. however. thoush
ne fell did so as "A victor. and his
policies were not reversed: it was only
that the young Kaiser. more imporiotls
than his grandfather. brookcd no dic;a-
tion. even from the forge master who
had welded together the German empire
with blood and iron
spain during the nineteenth century
was for the most part unfortunate in i,s
rulers. 1t lanIuiShed under Ferdinand
VII. When his end approached he at
tempted 10 rescind the Sale law. RMS
was opposed by Don Carries hi. brother
ana heir. and the King change. his
mind. Tie was persuaded. however. To-
destroy the revocation, and on his death
his three year-od daughter Isalalla was
proclaimed Queen, her mother acting as
regent for seven years
Don Carlos and his followers fomentod
revolution which went on intcrmit-
tently FOR a generation. The people OH
iained Constitution ana a Parliament.
Finally in ls40 the Queen Regent Chris
tina was driven out. owing 10 violent
factional quarrcls and Carlist agitation
Isabella II reigned from 1913 to 1868.
She proved completely unfited for n
modern throne. Her term was marked
by bad management, instructions, cor
ruption and governmental hascos For
three years from 1866 the country was
on the verge Of anarchy and the Queen
fled 10 Paris. where she lived until her
death, many years after
A provisional government was estab-
lshed and liberal movement prevailed
y monarchy was decided upon and the
choice fell on Leopold OF HohenZollern
selection which resulted. as has been
told, IN the Franco Prussian war. When
Leopold declined the crown was offered
to Amadco, son OF the Italian King He
accepted and began reign full OF
political disturbance because of the dis
favor with which he was regarded. So
threatening did this become that I'm 1873
he resigned, The Republicans were
again In the, saddle. They established a
government. but II was not fated to live
Republics were not popular. and in less
than one year Il fell for want Of recog-
milton.
In despair Spain reverted TO the Bour-
hons and Isabella's son Alfonso there
upon became King The country re-
ceived a liberal Constitution, which car
RED with II a Parliament of two houses.
Alfonso reigned ten years and on his
death In 1885 there was another regency
by his Queen for their child, Alfonso
XIII, This condition existed for sixteen
years, when the King became Of age
The sister kingdom. Portugal suffered
also from bad or Incompetent kings and
from revolutions. King John vi. had
diers reVolted against English occupa-
ton and a Constitution was adoptcd and
John returned 10 his throne. Following
HIS death In 1926 Portugal was governed
by his successor I'm Brazil. Dom Pedro
for n short time. He preferred Brazil
to Portugal, however, and abdicated I'm
favor Of a daughter, Maria, whom hn
betrothed To- his brother, the latter To
act as regent till she became of age.
This brother Miguel however, was made
King by those who feared Dom Pedro's
LIBERAL measures Tho Princess's ad-