davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The record., 1914-12-24
NPCI1ARD
GLLANINGy
PLANTING OF STRAWBERRIES
Maryland Man Sets Plants Eighteen
to Twenty Inches Apart and Guilt
Yates in One Direction.

In talk on strawberries by J. W.
Kerr. of Maryland, before the State
Horticultural association, the matted
row plan Of planting was given the
preference by the speaker. The plants
are set Is to 30 inches apart, and are
cultivated in one direction. The rows
are well mulched with straw. Two
years OF cropping one bed are deemed
sufficient. The speaker said he re.
CARDS strawberries as more remunera.
tive than any other fruit. Even Or.
dinary management will brink good
results. The crop Is fastidious as to
soil requirements, and the grower
must learn what varieties do best on
his land. For instance, one grower
who has 20 to so acres annually in
the Candy variety has q moist, rich
soil. which Is what it requires. He is
very successful with this variety.
There are other late ripening kinds
that are profitable. The question OF
varieties is SO local and circum-
scribed," said the speaker, that II can
be solved by the expert individual
only One variety may prove rank
failure, where with another person 1t
may prove very profitable.
The record., 1914-12-24
KEEP A DAILY TALLY SHEET
Written Record Often Proves Valuable
in Recalling Some Little Trans-
action on the Farm.

On our farm place there was hung
in a convenient passageway a large
slate for the purpose of hastily jotting
down any notable happening occurring
during the day.
Each evening the accounts were per-
manently tabulated and kept for any
later day references which might oc-
cur, assisting in making q decided
point.
In this simple way q great deal of
the tax and responsibility Of endeavor.
ing to recollect this or that happening
on the farm was removed and the to-
morrow begun afresh-every Gay in
reality a new beginning with the pre-
ceding days hard work forgotten,
cleaned of the slate and the minds OF
proprietor and helpers.
One has no idea how often such a
slate will prove the many instances
and transactions taking place In year
en- q farm of only ten acres, though at
the time they seem Of trifiing account.
but later are worth recalling for some
purpose to some one who wishes data.
This kind of written record re-
freshes and proves interesting to look
over at any time; 1t tells of certain
amount of labor that has been passed
over, of blunders, successes, failures
that have been entirely forgotten.
It also gives history Of the help
employed, which is of Importance in
recommending them to others.
In the various industries OF stock
raising, poultry work, fruit CROWNS,
dairying, hay and grain raising, In
erecting buildings. the whole story
may be given off the ''slate tally" day
by day by those most interested on tho
farm.-F. r.
The record., 1914-12-24
PROPER CARE FOR PASTURES
Mistake to Think That Close Cropped
Blades VIII Produce the Most
Feed During Summer.

A man needs and wants all the In
come he can get safely from land. II
must be that some Of us really be.
lieve that more can be gotten from a
field by close pasturing than by let.
ting the grass have a chance to get
and keep ahead of the stock II II
were not believed certainly there
would not be SO much close pas.ur-
ing. The man who is hardest up and
needs the most income, too often Is
the one that overstocks his grass. It
is q big mistake to think that an acre
Of grass plants will produce the most
feed during the summer by keeping
the blades cropped close to the
ground. It simply cannot, but will
produce less than 1t should and would
II there we're good leaf surface to en-.
able the plants to do their work Of
growing. Plenty Of leaf surface is
necessary to rapid growth. The way
70 get the most possible pasturage
from a field during the season Is to
let the grass get fair start In the
spring and then let 1t keep ahead OF
the stock. And then there is another
year coming, as We believe, and the
field too closely pastured this year
cannot produce q full crop Of grass
next year. These things being true.
they should be believed.
The record., 1914-12-24
RenovatIno the Old Orchard.

To change neglected orchards from
q state of wo-thlessness and disgrace
to that of a revenue producer and a
pleasing plantation. We should begin
by giving the trees as good soil condi-
tions as possible. II necessary. drain
between every row Of trees. If the
ground is very hard it may be neces.
sary to subsoil space. say ten feet.
wide, between each row of trees. Go
over the orchard and note the varie.
ties of which the trunks are sound,
and which will make good stock on
which to graft. At the proper time In
April have these grated.
The record., 1914-12-24

improved. while In the latter group OF
states there are only ia per cent OF
the roads improved.
That improved roads would benefit
our country school system there would
Eeem to be no doubt Improved roads
make II possible to consolidate or GEN.
tralize the schools and to establish
graded schccls in the rural districts.
Such schools centrally located will &C.
commodate all of the children within
radius of from -four to five miles. In
many communities having the advan-
tage of improved roads commodious
buildings have been provided, more
competent teachers have been en-
plcycs and modern facilities for teach
ing have beea supplied at minimum
cost fsor instance, since the improve
nea. vi the main highways In Durham
county. North Carolina, the number OF
school houses has been reduced from
65 TO ~, OF which IL are graded and
have two or more rooms and employ
two or more teachers.
There are at the present time about
two Thousand consolidated rural
schools in the United States. It aF
pears that Massachusetts. Ohio and
Indiana have made the greatest prog.
ress along these lines, and 1t is rather
significant TO note that in these states
about one-tbird OF the roads have been
improved According to statistics OF
the agricultural department there was
expended in 1899, s22.116 in Massachu-
setts for the conveyance OF pupils to
consolidated schools, but in 1908 the
expenditure for this purpose amounted
to S292,2I3. In Indiana the expendi-
ture for this purpose in 1904 amounted
TO $50 900, lille In 1908. s29o.0o0 was
sxaended This expenditure for trans
portation reflects, In general way.
the extent and progress Of this new
educational movement. II must not be
understood that this is an additional
burden, as the expenditure thus made
rs saved in other directions.
The record., 1914-12-24
FEW N0N.PR0DUcTIvE HENS
Several Found Among Competitors Al
National Egg Contest That Never
Laid IN Eco.

One Of the surprises Of the national
egg contest at Mountain Grove, Mo-,
was that several hens among the
competitors were found that never
laid an egg. They seemed healthy and
ate az heartily as other hens
in the pen. but never laic a single
egg.
How to account for this is a mat.
ter that puzzles the experts. We
don't know that they could find cut.
says the Kansas Farmer. even by
killing the hens and examining them
They can only say they were non-pro-
ductive. The finding of these non
producing hens could only be found
out by the use of trap nests. where a
daily record was kept of all the hens
that laid or didn't lay any eggs.
1t is undoubtedly true that there are
a great many non-productive mems in
the fiocks Of this country. and it would
be a fine thing If they could be found
out, SO as to be eliminated from the
docks. The use o; the trap nests for
this purpose, on the ordinary farm, is
out OF the question, for the farmer
would not have the time to attend to
them even IL he did have the nests.
Still, he can do a great deal towards
the elimination of the non-produccrs
by observation. He can get rid of all
the hens that are over three years
old. for after that age they do not
lay many eggs. The superfiuous roost
ers that are generally on every farm
are. Of course. in the non productive
class. and should be disposed of al
once.
The record., 1914-12-24
PLAN OF IDEAL GRAPE ARB0R
up-to-oate Method Of Construction Of
i, Vine Trellls, Together With
Illustration Given.

Following is an ideal and up-to-date
method Of constructing grape arbor
or vine trellis:
The four posts are OF AKA material
and feet all. writes Vernon Hartsock.
Plates and braces of the same material
are Joined together. as illustrated.
The plates are of sufficient length to
accommodate the width of woven-wire
fencing designed for the top.
The fence is drawn and kept taut
by means Of the four anchor wires and
turn-buckles.
The wire must . zecurely anchored
In the grouri By means Of stone
under Rronne. o. else set in the ce-
The record., 1914-12-24
Success in Hog Breeding,

One of the most successful hog
breeders in Illinois says that he never
breeds from sows under IL months
and never keeps his breeding stock
fat. This man thinks that much trou-
BILE with very young pigs is caused by
feeding them too early and that they
should not be fed until they have
grown big enough to exhaust their
mothers milk entirely.
The record., 1914-12-24
METHOD FOR HOLDING WORN


u3y WILLIAM GRoTzINGER, In the
Scientific AnerIcan.)
A good way to hold large. heavy
work that Is to be sawed is shown
in the sketch. The work is passed
through The triangular opening in a
WOODEN frame. nearly in the form o!
the letter A. When the frame ane
work lie at an obtuse angle they con
ititute three-legged stool. The up
per edges of the board become wedges
fast in the sides Of the triangle, and
he lower side of the board rests upon
= cross piece. which can be placed at
The record., 1914-12-24
REMEDY FOR W0oLLY APHls
Finely Powdered Tobacco or Waste
Stems Will Prove Effective In
Eradication Of insects.

tBy F. II. HILLAAN)
Some effective remedies for the
woolly aphis are as follows:
For the apple root form. which
causes knots or swellings on the small
or roots-remove the earth. three or
four inches Of soil. about the crown
for q distance of two to four feet from
the tree and sprinkle In four to six
pounds OF finely powdered tobacco.
Waste tobacco stems, Which can be
purchased very cheaply, IAN be used
in place OF powdered tooacco.
Natural enemies do FAR more than
Is generally supposed TOW ard reducing
the nup,ber of aphids, but in a dry
season. especially. nature must be as
sisted IL these insects Ife to be kept
reduced to nondestrucdve numbers.
Kerosene emulsion is an efficient
The record., 1914-12-24

ment, and should be Of woven wire
cable to Withstand the strain.
The bars and stays Of the fencins
used should be Of equal distance apart
and of sufficient strength-poultry net
ting will not do.
Up to so feet in length AKA material
is heavy enough for the supports and
over so feet. GIG should be used.
II intended to be used as vine trel-
lis, low fence can also be fastened
vertically upon each side, thus CON-
pletely shading the walk.
The record., 1914-12-24
Chicken Relish Sour Milk.

Sour milk is more relished by fowls
than sweet milk; sweet skim milk is
best for mixing mashes. The birds
will drink more milk II given either
uniformly sour or uniformly sweet
than when given sweet one day and
sour the next. When the milk ia
separated after souring. use the whey
70 wet the mash.
The record., 1914-12-24
FEEDING Green Corn.

Feeding green fodder corn to cows
In the pasture leads to no end Of rest.
iessness. They seem to imagine that
every man, horse, or team crossing
the fields Is bringing them corn. They
are constantly chasing every vehicle
that comes in sight. expecting to get
feed of corn. While 1t is some more
trouble to feed in the stable. it seem:
to be the only satisfactory way Of feed.
ing corn to cows while they are on
grass.
The record., 1914-12-24
Soyheans and cowpeaa.

The power of the soybeans and
cowpeas to gather nitrogen from the
cir. the large amount of organic mat
ter they are capable of producing ana
their beneficial effect upon the tilth
If heavy soils are qualities which
commend them in the highest degree.
to say nothing q: their value 81 feed
Ing stuffs.
The record., 1914-12-24
Device for Holding rimbers.

various heights, according to the size
Of work that 10 to be held. In saving.
the man rests his knee on the work,
near the top Of the frame. and the
board is changed end for end, when
gawn through half its length.
The record., 1914-12-24
1oadstoo1s,

Twenty-Five persons were killed
within week In New York and vicinr
,ty by eating toadstools. Grocers arc
vautioned to use the greatest care cn
buying mushrooms and the producers
tss.yarnsd With eWA, saz4eatasas
The record., 1914-12-24

Preventive measures may be fol.
lowed by thoroughly washing In
strong soapsuds the roots of young
trees on transplantation In case tho
presence of the aphids is suspected.
Oftentimes 1t may prove best to de-
stroy a badly infected tree. and re.
placed IL at all. by some tree other
than an apple.
The record., 1914-12-24

remedy. Add one paf Of boiled
mixture of one.half PED IA of common
soap and gallon Of water. two parts
of kerosene. diIute VIA cold water
to form 10 to 80 part4 double hand
full of refuse tobaect beiied in gsl
Ion of water and diIutei to form 81
or eight gallon IS {. valuable and eas-
tlX pkopared rcnicfys-r
OQrDOllC sUhp oisS0IXC
The record., 1914-12-24
Preyentiv,

luted that a decided odo-.
odor still remains. is anc :.
fa,fFr, fcraaJz-
The Washington times., 1914-10-10

their claims and have them adjudicated.
l am very much inclined to believe that
such law would in our tax sales en-
courage healthful competition on legit-
innate basis among those who have
money and are looking for a means Of
investmen Mt where II would be thorough
ly safegUarded. and that the DistricS
would in every way be protected
Speaks of Exemption.
Referring to the personal tax law.
which he says as in all other municipali-
ties is tie most unpopular and difficult
of enforcement the collector says
Il think our personal tax law would
be strengthened and placed on. fairer
basis by eXempting owners of less than
81. go worth of personal property. The
man able to own and owning a large
amount of household furniture claims
his exemption of 81. .000 on his household
furniture while the poor fellow who
gets no benefit from this exemption
must pay taxes upon few hundred dol
lars worth Of merchandise or stock
frcm the fruits of which he ekes out an
existence for himself and family. That
is the humsn side of the QUESTION. The
practical side Of 1t from the standpoint
of revenue for the District of Columbia
will show that very sriall amount is
received when you count the cost in
CURED by the two tax offices in assess
ing and collecting"
The Washington times., 1914-10-10
CLEVELAND PROUDOF
CANCELLATION COURT
Novel Institution Called Most
Valuable Work of American
Justice.

CLEVELAND. oct. lO.-Informal in
Hestisation by social workers of Cleve-
lands municipal courts show perhaps
the most valuable service rendered by
those institutions is that of the con
citation court. the only one of its kind
in America
Founded by Judge Manuel Levine. a
Russian Hebrew. the work of this
stranger to American justice has come
TO be looked upon as Indispensable.
To temper justice with common sense.
to reduce court costs to a minimum. to
render court procedure so simple as to
be understood by even the uneducated
foreigner. these are to be the three
main objects Judge Levine has in
mind in conducting his court.
A foreign woman recently came into
the court with a suit for $40 against a
boarder whom she claimed burned her
mattress while smoking cigarettes in
bed. The boarder refused to pay the
sum, declaring it was too much. Judge
Levine reached for his telephone and
called a depa rtment store. He found
such a mattress as the one destroyed
could be bought for $3.50. The boarder
paid this sum cheerfully. and the land
lady was satisfied.
Many such cases are disposed of in a
day. Some require only a few minutes
Others require patient inquiry and an
hour of Cancellation talk by the judge
and his interpreters, but in the end the
contending parties are sent away salts
fed. and the object of the court has
been cached.
Scarcely less interesting than the work
of this strange court is its founder.
Judge Levine emigrated to America as
a boy, and the foreign accent has never
quite left his speech. He attracted no.
tice as police prosecutor when he drove
from the police courts horde of ambu-
lance chasing shysters and professional
bondsmen
Then through his efforts, the police
courts themselves were replaced BY mu-
nicipal courts. presided over by elected
judges. one u the first judges of the
new courts. Levine set out to revolu-
tionize Cleveland's methods of dealing
with the juvenile offender. He accom-
plished that, too, and then came the
work of which he is proudest-the es-
ia ablishing of Americas only "concilia-
ton court.
The Washington times., 1914-10-10
WOULD SIRE ENGTHEN
TAX COLLECTION LAW
3en L. Prince, Collector, in An
nuaI Report, Urges Amenda.
tory Legislation.

Recommendation that the law for the
Election of real estate taxes be
'-engthened and that the personal tax
" be amended by exempting owners
. less than 1900 worth OF personal
-operty is made by Ben L. Prince,
. oIlector of Taxes. in his annual re-
ort to the commissioners.
Refusal of the Washington Terminal
ompany and the Baltimore and Ohio
galway Company TO pay taxes amount
rs to SoS,S54-A on property owned by
hem for the fiscal years 1910. 1872. and
-I3 Is pointed out by Collector Prince
s one of the reasons for amending the
aw for the collection of real estate
axes
These taxes are levied on streets oc-
cupied by the Washington Terminal
'o-npany and the Baltimore and Ohio
Galway Company since the erection of
Z he Union Station. The property was Of
erred for sale at the annual tax sale but
o bids were offered.
No Enforcement Possible.
The case was referred to the Corpor-
q ton Counsel, but under the present
Iaw. according to the collector, there ap-
ion.
A real estate TAX law, says the report
which can cover a period of fifteen
ears with uncollected balances amount
ne to less than $4,000 out a total tax
evy of more than forty-six millions can
not be severely criticised from the
standpoint of protection of. the munich
ality in which II operates The present
Ak. law, from the years 1895 to 1910
d this for the District Of Columbia
ne period from 1910 TO 1914, inclusive,
owever, cannot claim this record.
rom 1910 to 1913. inclusive, out Of a
IVY OF SIS. 20. 0.976.S2 there is still uncol-
ccted s7e,G4S.l5. This unusually large
nalance is oCcasioned by the stubborn
nd avowed refusal of the Washington
criminal Company and the Baltimore
nd Ohio railway to pay the taxes on
rUperty owned by them. amounting in
nose years to s53,S54.A.
The very fact that these companies
re able TO defy the District authorities
XhIbits the only weak point in the law
far as the District Of Columbia Is
"oncerned. This weakness is the in
hility of the District or any holder Of
Ak title TO the property to go into a
-Ourt of equity and seek settlement
where all parties concerned may present
The Washington times., 1914-10-10
Commission in Deadlock
Over Marble for Building

4 deadlock over the kind of marble
to be used in the building to be erected
in memory of the women of the civil
war continues 70 exist on the commits
sion appointed to supervise the work.
The building is to stand on the block
bounded by Seventeenth and Eighteenth
and D and E streets northwest.
The commission met in the office OF
the Secretary of War yesterday. and,
after discussing the suitability of the
various kinds Of marble suggested. nd-
jcurned to meet again Monday morn
ing with Secretary Garrison to decide
definitely The award of the contract
depends on the kind of marble To he
used in the building.
The Washington times., 1914-10-10
SCHOONER SINKS
AF TER COLLISION

BOSTON. Oct. 1o.-The four-masted
schooner Alma E. A. Holmes. was
rammed ard sunk off Marblehead early
today in a heavy fog by the steamer
Relfast. of the Eastern Steamship
Company.
The schoC ners entire crew was saved
by prompt action Cf the Belfast's cap
tain in holding his vessels bow in the
rent until the transfer was made.
The schooner sank within a minute
after TIE steamer pulled away.
The Washington times., 1914-10-10
Mrs. Ellen L. Seifert Is
Recovering at Hospital

Mrs. EIlen Lokey Seifert. OF 1884, Fitt-
eenth street northwest. prominent
among Washington musicians. who has
been seriously i'll at Providence Hos
pital following an operation. is con-
valescing. She has been ir the hospital
two weeks. Mrs. Seifert Is receiving
friends. and 1t is expected she will be
out within a week.
The Washington times., 1914-10-10
Funerals
William NJ. Bass.

William NJ. Bass, who died al his
residence the Monticello apartment
house on Thursday, will be buried from
his late home tomorrow morning at 10
o'clock. The interment will be private.
The Washington times., 1914-10-10
c. L. u. to Elect Delegate

The Central Labor Union will elect a
delegate to attend the convention Of
the American Federation of Labor in
Philadelphia, at a special meeting Mon
day night The Philadelphia con-er-
tion will open November 9 and con-
tinue in session for two weeks.
The Washington times., 1914-10-10
George S. Dougherty.

Funeral services for George S. Dough-
erty, who died suddenly on Wednesday,
will be held from his late residence, IL
Upshur street northwest, today at
o'clock. Interment will be at Congress
sional Cemetery.
The Washington times., 1914-10-10
Octavius H. Cox.

The funeral of Octavius Fl. Cox.
eighty years old. who died at the home
of his daughter, Mrs. Bryan Nicholson.
1892 Newton street northwest. ycstcr-
day. will be held in northumberland
county Va
The Washington times., 1914-10-10
Richard S. Sebastian.

The funeral Of Richard S. Sebastian,
sixty Eight years old. who died on
Thursday, will be held from the chapel
at Oak Hill Cemetery at 2 p. IN. Mon
day. The services will be under the aus
piGes OF Decatur Lodge, No. 9. knights
of Eythias
The Washington times., 1914-10-10
Mary C. Barry.

Funeral services for Mary {. Barry
! widow of James c. Barry, who died or
! Thursday will be held at her late resi-
/ dence this afternoon at 3 2. m. Inter
| ment will be at Glenwood Cemetery.
The Washington times., 1914-10-10
lanes Henry Williams.

Funeral services for James Henry
Williams. who died On Wednesday at his
residence, 921 French street northwest,
will be held at Walker Memorial Church,
Sunday, at 2 p. m.
The Washington times., 1914-10-10
Charles F. Shaffer.

The funeral of Charles F. Shaffer.
eighty two years old, who died on We'd
nesday at Laurel, Md, will be held this
afternoon from the Centenary NJ. E.
Church at Laurel, Md.