davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-08-30

ments Of a national character. None of
the South American governments has war
debts, strictly speaking. In spite of ter
ritorial disputes and national rivalriee
they keep the peace among themselves.
The different countries in their capac-
ity as international debtors form natural
ly into groups. On the Caribbean are
Colombia and Venezuela.
Since the international imhroglio in
which the United States took a hand
Venezuela has been paying off its debt
until now the total amount outstanding
is less than $s5,oO0.o00
Colombia has what is known as q con-
solidated debt. which does not exceed S24,-
100000 The country has managed to
even the critical British foreign bond
holders committee. Colombia, whether
it gets the S25.0o00o0 Panama. gratuity
from the United States or not wants a
general loan Of something like SO. 900 600
to build railways and rehabilftate the
country generally. Had not Secretary
Bryan accepted the principle of dollar
diplomacy and frowned on the petroleum
and other blanket concessions which
Lord Cowdray was seeking a part of
floated in London.
An Anglo-American syndicate which has
extensive Investments in South America
two years ago included Colombia In its
sphere of prospective operations. The
English underwriters Of the project can
hardly stay in now, and II anything Is
done the United States will have to take
the laboring oar.
ing with the Colombian government for
the establishment of central bank and
the refnancing Of the whole country,
partly on the basis Of a loan. This
- - 1~-~~
place is taken this must be by some
New York group.
Ecuador has public debt not exceed
ing s20,000,O00, most of which grows out
of the bonds issued for the Guayaquil
and Quito railway. These are held in
England, France and the United States.
The provision made for the sanitation Of
Guayaquil carried with it prospective
loan of $40, 600. 900. A proposition which
was brought to New York bankers a year
ago was for a blanket loan of $45. 900
to $50, 900 600 to take up outstanding obli-
cations, provide for the sanitation of
Guayaquil and to leave balance for ma
tionaI purposes New York banking
house which few years ago tided Ecua-
dor over stringency by means of
temporary loan realized a very handsome
profit on the transaction.
Peru, after the war. with Chile in 1881,
was left with debt so monumental that
it never could have recovered il the bur-
den had remained. The country worked
out of the situation by turning over the
state railways under a long lease to the
Peruvian corporation, which was also
given the remaining guano deposits and
various land concessions.
The Peruvian corporation and the gov
eminent have had more or less friction
under the arrangement; but SO sar as its
status as a borrowing nation was con-
cerned Peru was able. to face the world
without big debt. During the last
quarter of a century the total indebted
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-08-30

ness incurred has not been large. II
now amounts approximately to S35, 000.-
900. Peru was in the market for loan
when the European war broke out
y Il
Bolivia. the mid-continent country OF
South America, left by the war with
Chile without seaport, also was able
to start the peace era without a big ma
tional debt. The amount OF the different
forms Of what may be called the Bolivian
debt Is now between s1s.00q.oeO and $40
00co0e. Bolivia got money from Brazil
in return for giving up the Acre rubber
territory and was able to carry through
some important plans OF railway devel-
opnnent without becoming foreign bor-
rover.
The country is in an unusually good
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-08-30
THEH MAY LOSE THEIR
WAR;

Inclined European financiers to look more
favorably on Paraguay. and a loan for
the country was in prospect until a month,
ago. Now, IL Paraguay borrows. it will
have to be in New York instead OF in
London.
Taking the group of countries which
are not large borrowers out of ken. it
win be found that the bulk of the public
debts of South American countries are
those of the Argentine republic. Brazil.
Chile and Uruguay. This group of coun-
tries owes Europe-that is. the govern
ments owe Europe-more than 81. 100, 000,
900. They are able to meet their obli-
cations. though some Of the loans may
require refunding on new bases.
The borrowing nations are really the
A B c, or Initiating South American
countries which helped President Wilson
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-08-30

,-n,,. tro,,, .o,,,- q, u5,h .r,,,,.
a dozen wears sro
Brazil in the past always has looked
10 the Rothschilds to furnish her with
i ~ she laiieo TO 90 THO, otner
annIication uss mads Snois,sI,, Sn,,sraS
from the Rothschilds what their views
on the subject were. When the coffee
valorization scheme was entered on
other banking groups declined to par
ticipate In IL until assured of the good
will of the Rothschilds. The house is
credited with exercising a strong re-
straining influence at times when Brazil
has shown a tendency to reckless
financing.
The Baripgs have been identified with
the financial history of Argentina AL
most from the time when the country
became a borrower Government loans
have been handled by them, and also
large amounts of securities for private
enterprise. So much English capital is
invested in Argentine railways and banks
that no single banking group in Lon
don dominates the situation. Yet, by
common consent. the Barings are still
considered the bankers OF the country.
of the South American countries and
their distribution in Eurepe are essen
ti.l 20 Know an ;,,ds,ny ~ the rrobah,I-
=. 80. " $3.50, ny 80.
1ty OF American capltal at some perior
in the near future relieving Europe of
a mart of its South American financial
49,. u.ra,oSs-a .,s,a ~. - NJ
ouieen- he.e'oioie eneie mas oeeh ~
market in the United states either TOT
South American government or corpora
ton securities.
,r -. L, 49,.
aIn ,, se 49, ,..,,,,,a,,,.I
ine. MAJ 49, NJ .hnnss az IL ~ -,
.oais VI so.,.s y, ny ~, 49, eui $780,,
as known, none OF them nave lnv s,e,,
IN tne soNe,nment ,oans; TOT 9ouen
. ns.'c an, raaMaS anu Suits, rte,
lneIe uss uesh p.9eieahs Ho maj
e1rspt snroush Eonuon, . a.
Inc IaiIutG OF AInet.ean csPltaL 70
Interest user IN tne SCUM Amef'esn
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-08-30

HE traveller slipping UP the
reaches of the Scheldte river
toward Antwerp in the misty
small hours of the morning has
ever been struck with a sense
OF curious, of almost uncanny, contrast.
The city is heavily fortified, grim and
gray in spite of its quaintness. The
Scheldte flows through a gentle country
of green meadowlands and sleepy vii
lagos.
Antwerp is perhaps the most important
port on the continent of Europe in point
Of commerce. place very much alive
and very real. The Scheldte Is toy
river meandering through Noah's ark
landscape.
The country is mostly Dutch-the Dutch
of the Imagination and of children's pic
ture books. Flat meadows border the riv-
er, broken with clustering villages, pert
red-roofed farmhouses, tiny church
spires, windmills everywhere and rows
and rows of regular green trees made
after the same pattern and looking for all
the world like rows of paper dolls. cut
all Of a piece that have delighted chill
dren for generations. Occasionally ap-
pears live thing-a COW, a dog or horse
modelled from the beasts In pantomime.
and now and then little wooden man or
the little wooden ladies of his family. But
over all is the quiet of a child's toy VII
lage after the child is tucked in bed, and
the whole country looks as IL it were
stood on edge with its feet in the water
each morning and scrubbed behind the
ears.
And yet Belgium and Holland, for all
their quaint charm and picture-book quail
ity, have been for centuries the battle
ground of the nations. Time after time
the great countries of Europe have fought
one another tooth and nail. with these
two little kingdoms as pawns, their pleas
ant fields the scene of many. a bloody
battle Even now. though Holland has SO
far escaped, Belgium is blood drenched,
her men moved down. her towns laid
waste her peace and prosperity destroy
ed: and all because her powerful neigh
bors have seen At to go to war
To take Antwerp would naturally be a
feather in the cap of the invading force.
Occupying as it does position so close
to the English ports of Dover and Har-
witch. challenging the supremacy of the
North sea, its possession by Germany at
the end of the war would doubtless prove
of immense value in securing concessions
from the allies. No longer ago than the
early part OF the nineteenth century. Ant
werp was taken by an invading force. but
it was a tremendously superior force in
II was to the French. and English as al
lies that 1t fell captive.
The Dutch and the Belgians had for
some time been united under one crown.
with the Dutch well in the ascendency.
the Belginas chafing under the yoke
until they broke out in mimic warfare
for their freedom. At length the powers
saw At to intervene; a peace was patched
up granting Belgium Its integrity as
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-08-30

But the dogs of war are loose, the old
city may have to stand another siege.
The charming Belgian countryside about
Brussels. Liege. Namur. chateau dotted
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-08-30

ey somewhere.
the war cloud broke at least
oxen countries were negotiating
pc for loans. Most of them
the midst of commercial and
crises, due to economic causes
we're at work the world over.
the loans wanted were merely
up old obligations by new Is
/ in every case there was also
ID for additional capital, which
I've Increased the total indebted
ar has dealt a death blow to
Expectations. In the famous
tlub at Buenos Aires, where in
nal finance is discussed, IL is
fectly understood that with the
n countries staggering for the
v years under the debts which
will create there will be no more
,r South America The same
hiding exists on the coffee ex-
in Rio de Janeiro and on the
n Santiago.
-arily, some of the South Amer
ntries will suffer as much from
as the nations which actually
ICED in it, They will not only
lie to obtain money abroad, but
r whole foreign commerce will
lated through the loss of mar
IF the countries have met the
cy by following the example
European nations, and decreefng
ums. Harassed South Ameri-
lcial institutions and big COM
firms which were in difficulties
refore bless the war as avoid
necessity of forced payments;
7 will welcome 1t only as a
4 immediate relief to debtors
lerwise would be forced into
ICY.
has met the situation, brought
trough the inability to float
hs. by providing for a new is
paper currency in addition to
ldant volume which already is
alton. Time may demonstrate
lom or the unwisdom of this
an emergency measure, but it
Inc Decentralization that the
b war has caused.
american public men, and the
fc representative of the diff
tvernments in Washington who
wv great the dependence has
Europe, and who understand
e fiscal status of their re-,
countries. inevitably turn their
1.-THE United States, and it is
them that the query comes as
Ter the United States can sup
W hundred millions capital.
Ewer which may be given to
Etion will determine whether
led States is to obtain COM
supremacy. and to dominate
herica, financially 1t Will also
E to what extent New York
Impete with London as the
honey market.
In financiers who. until the New
tx Exchange was closed, were
bid by unloading. American Sc
fn their look ahead are now
revolving the same question as
he United States may do in the
financing South America To
question takes the form of a
neither any OF the $1,000. 900. 900
ess of the South American gov.
can be shifted to the United
nd If so. how soon and under
hs?
lion dollars represents, in round
what the South American coun-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-08-30

they Need Money
Fly An Oppor-
fty for American
pital Financial
Hilton of the Various
htries and Their Re-
tive Public Debts
le of South American
is and Securities as
!stments.
CHARLES M. PEPPER.
reign Trade Adviser to the Department
Of State.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-08-30

AN the Unit e d
States spare South
America $4,000
600 during the next
five years? Can 1t
supply s1oe. 900. 900
during the next
twelve months?
S tn America
W a n t S I h e S e
amounts within the
period stated. The :
needs of several of
Thn1r n1IfGt
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1914-08-30

VIE traveller slipping UP the
reaches of the Scheldte river
toward Antwerp in the misty
small hours of the morning has
aver heen struck with sense
Norwich bulletin., 1914-12-26
Enmity of Gamins,

The Brussels gamin is one of the most spirited of Europe's little vulgar boys, and he is not taking the German occupation lying down. One Of his faVorite arnusements when there is a German in sight is Going to Paris It consists of doing the goose step, but not marching-only making time. And if you ask him why he does not march he explains with glee: Pm going to Paris: that's why I'm not moving!'' He lets himself go, needless to say, in in- ScripGons chalked on the walls One of his cl2eekiest and therefore one of his fayorites is La Belgique est fermee a cause de Pasrandissement! ("Bel- ~giurl is cloged for extensions!'')- )- Manchester Guardian
Norwich bulletin., 1914-12-26
CHRISTMAS MUSIC
Programmes Will Be Given Sunday in
 Several of the Churches.

In several of the churches Of the city. where the special programmes have not yet been given there will be Christ mas music. Some of the programmes are the following:
 Broadway Congregational Church.
 10.30 a. m. Anthem, Shepherds in the Field
 Abiding, Homer N. Bartlett ofertory, o Lovely Angels of the
 Sky. H, Alexander Matthews
 Mrs. Charles Tyler Bard. Anthem, Songs. of the Angels. Postlude, Fanfare in D, 6rldse Frederick w Lester, organist and choir director.
 Annual Christmas service of eth
 First Baptist Church.
 AAOE.-4ns. Organ prelude in B flat. from The
 Messiah, Handel Holy. Holy Holy. Invocation. Hymn No. no It Came Upon the
 Midnight Clear. Responsive reading. Anthem, The Sound of Holy Voices.
 Heyser Ant4,4., There Were Shepherds. Prayer. Response. oTeEtory, bass solo. The Prince of
 W. S. Case. Hymn No. 107. Hail Thou Long Ex-
 pected Jesus. Sermon.
 Hymn No. 65s. Lo! He Comes With
 Clouds Descending. Postlude. Christmas March, Bord
 Evening. Organ prelude in G, Rossin; Doxology. Invocation. Hymn No. 1O5, Joy to the World. Anthem. Glory to God, Lerman Anthem. While Shepherds Watched,
 It Came Upon the Midnight
 Clear, HeyseT Offertorv, duet, soprano and alto,
 Mrs. L. A. Wheeler and
 Mrs. Herbert Wiley. Sermon.
 Hymn No. 1os. Hark, the Herald
 Aneels Si~g. PostIude in c, Thome The choir consists of Mrs. L. A Wheeler, soprano; Mrs. Herbert Will ley. alto; Stephen Peckharn, tenor: W $. Case, bass Ernest P. Rose, organ ist and choir director. Park Congregational Church. The Christmas music programme al Park Congregational church Sunday will be as follows: Morning. Organ Prelude, Xmas PastoraIe. HoIv Night F F. Harkel Anthem. In ths Fields with the F1ocks Abiding, West | Offertory. Xmas Song, s. R. Jaimes Tenor. solo with violin obligato by Miss Royce Anthem. It Came Upon the Midnieht | Clear, Horatio Parker Violin obligato. Miss Royce. ! Organ Postlude, Fanfore in D, J. C. Bridge ! VesperS. | Organ Prelude, The Shepherds. | Tn. Salornt Cantata, The Holy Night, John Hayatt Brewe1 Organ Postlude. Triumphal March, Dudley Bucl
Norwich bulletin., 1914-12-26
sodaIaaa soda Water.

Aerated waters, which, it is sig- gested, may be taxed by the British war budget, have been known in Eng land for nearly 8 century and a half the earliest variety, soda water having been invented in -1767, and seltzer about 20 years later. The name soda water is a gIaring misnomer, for this bever age contains no soda. When manu- factured here it's chief ingredients are whiting and sulphuric acid; the Amer jeans substitute marble dust for whit ing. According to a writer in Harper s Weekly the chips of the marble cathe- dral erected in Fifth avenue supplied 25, 100000 gallons of soda water. Thus economically do we drink up unavan- able bits of buildings, tombstones and monuments. The use of marble dust for soda water making is peculiar to Alnefica.-IsonRon Ghronicle.
Norwich bulletin., 1914-12-26
OBSERVED; SILVER WEDDING
 WITH FAMILY REUNION.
All But Three of the Children Gather
 cred Around the Christmas Turkey.

MT. and Mrs. F. E. Sage observed their 18th wedding anniversary on Christmas day at their home on Laurel Hill avenue with a family reunion. All but three of their ten children were present at the gathering which included other relatives. At noon a big turkey dinner was served and the day was pleasantly passed by all. MT. and Mrs. Sage received a number of pretty and useful gifts.
 Twenty-Five years ago Christmas Day MT. and Mrs. Sage were united in marriage in Meriden and for the past fourteen or fifteen years have made their home in Norwich. For over five years MT. Sage was employed in the Bulletin composing room as linotype machinist but of late he has been employed with the Hopkins and Allen Arms company. One of Mir. Sage's sons is a sailor on the U. $. $ Delaware, now in a Southern port
 Among those who attended the re- union yesterday were Miss Hattie Sage of Berlin, Conn.,, a sister of MT. Sage and Miss Rose Chapman of Springfield, a niece.
Norwich bulletin., 1914-12-26
PERSONALS

Mrs. Fred E. Dawley and children of Moosup are spending the week with relatives in Norwich
 Mrs. Lizzie Boynton has returned to Norwich after visit with her father, Charles H. Cone, ofsNiantic-
 Mrs. Fannie c. Church is spending a few days with her niece, Mrs. James Steele and family in Springfield, Mass.
 Miss Maude Shank has returned to Old Mystic from a visit to her grand yard.
 Miss Marion Solomon of Hartford, formerly of Norwich, is spending the week end with MT. and Mrs. Casper Graf of Mckinley avenue.
 Mrs. Thomas R. Craney, who has been i'll for two weeks at her home on Main street, was much improved in health on Christmas day.
 Miss Madeline Ritchie, stenographer in the law offices of Slade, Slade & Slade, New Haven, spent Christmas day with relatives on Main street.
 Miss Mildred Lamb and Miss Anna Hayes, students of the Academy of the Holy Family, Baltic, are at their homes in Middletown for the vacation.
 Miss Miriam Campbell of PhIladel- phia is the guest of her brother Su- perintendent Hugh B. Campbell, ,f the Norwich State Tuberculosis sanAto- rum.
 Miss Annabe1 A. Fitzpatrick, a nurse in St. Vincent's hospital, Bridgeport, is spending the holidays with her sis ters, the Misses Fitzpatrick, of 159 Cliff street.
 Among the out-of- town people who took Christmas dinner at the Ply mouth were MT. and Mrs. J. Hoxie of Westerly, Walter Peck of Colgate col Iege, Hamilton, N. T., MT. and Mrs. R. J. Smith of Providence, Mrs. Annie B. Sullivan and daughter Gladys, of Providence and Charles Johnson of Boston
Norwich bulletin., 1914-12-26
GOLDEN AND SILVER WEDDI. .GS
Mr. and Mrs. j. Raymond Douglass of Salem Were Married Raymond Hi Montvile, in 1864 and Formerly Lived in Norwich Mir. and Mrs. F. E. Sage Had 18th Anni- versary Dinner on Christmas Day.

Mir. and Mrs. J. Raymond Douglass of Salem celebrated their golden we'd ding commencing on Thursday. A turkey dinner was served to fifteen members of the family and many other guests were, received and entertained during the afternoon and evening. The house was prettiIy decorated with laurel, evergreen and cut flowers. Many useful and valuable gifts were received. including several gold coins.
 Married on Raymond Hill.
 John Raymond Douglass of Water ford and Miss Julia Raymond of Mont vile were married at the home of the brides father. Richard Raymond, of Raymond Hill, Montville, at 8 o'clock on the evening of Dec. 24, 1864 by Rev. Walter Long. Two brothers of Mrs. Douglass. William and Sherwood Raymond, both of Norwich, are the only persons living who witnessed the wedding ceremony.
 Formerly Lived in Norwich.
 MT and Mrs. Douglass have resided in the city of Norwich and in the towns of Waterford and Salem. The winter of 1892 and 1893 was spent by them in San Jose. California.
 Many Guests from Other Places.
 The following guests from out of town were present at the wedding an- niversary: Mrs. Mercy Manwaring, Mr. and Mrs Fran Schofield and William Raymond of Norwich, Mir and Mrs. James Bond of Mantle, MT. and Mrs. J. R.. Warren of Lyme, MT. and Mrs. Edmund Rogers, Mrs. Clyde Beebe and daughter Miss Ida Beebe, MT. and Mrs Paul Glassbrenner and Edwin Com stock and family of Montvil1e, Mrs James P. Maynard of Old Lyme, MT. and Mrs. l.. Scheder and William Douglass of New Lonron. MT and Mrs. Henry Gorton of Waterford and Charles T. Williams and sister, of Col chester.
Norwich bulletin., 1914-12-26
OBLIGATORY MEDICAL
Secretary Townsend Favors Super vision of School Children in Towns Over 5000.

Dr. Joseph H. Townsend, secretary of the state board of health. in a re- port to Governor Simeon E. Baldwin on the years work, favors obligatory medical inspection in schools in all towns of more than 5000 population. The report said in part: Under the medical inspection law which is per missive only, systematic supervision of the health of school children, more or less complete, has been established in most of the city schools and in many towns throughout the state. The reports as a rule show excellent re- suits and state that there has been less sickness with a larger percentage of attendance, cleaner children and the children do better work.
 We believe that any change in the vaccination laws at this time would be unfortunate Smallpox has been very prevalent throughout the country dur ing the past few years, although in mild form and Connecticut has not escaped. WiIlimantic, Naugatuck and Hartford have had epidemics which have cost these cities thousands of dollars
 The report further says: That the state board should have power to pro- tect public water supplies from dan gerous contamination and thus to reg ulate the disposal of sewage, is now generally recognized among men who have given the problem consideration" :"
 Discussing the matter of extending the authority of the board, the report says: "A popular impression prevails in some quarters that the state board of health has almost unlimited powers in matters relating to health and comfort, but as already stated, such is not the case Sufficient, authority public health as the people have the right to expect.''
Norwich bulletin., 1914-12-26
R. A. M. DANCE.
Christmas Night Function at MiTTeTs
 Enjoyed by About 50 Couples.

The selection of Christmas night by Delta chapter of the Rho Alpha Mu Araoemy fraternity was a favorable one, for there were about 50 couples Tn attendance and a college atrno- sphere was lent to the function by the presence of number of those who are away at various institutions. Miller s orchestra furnished music for the IS numbers, and the hall as attractive in the blue and gold of the fraternity and R. A. M. formed by electric lights. William Isbister was chairman of the committee of arrangements and he was assisted in making the affair a success by Oliver Peckhanl. Francis Luce. and Lincoln WadsWorth
Norwich bulletin., 1914-12-26
New London Enaineer Annain..a

At meeting of the committee of the Brotherhood of Locomotive En- gineers held at the Hotel Garde, in Hartford. this week. Charles D. Moore was chosen chairman of a committee of the lodge whose duty will be to at- tend matters in which the lodge is concerned at the incoming session of the legislature. The other member of the committee appointed was M. J., McNamara of New London The ap- pointment as chairman of this com mittee is the fourth consecutive time Mr. Moore has been chosen