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New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-03-28

FURNISHED by Zimmerman a Forshay. No. 0
Wall street,
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-03-28
NEW YORK CITY BONDS.
FURNISHED by ". y. Coler & Co. No. 43 Cedar
street.)
FOREIGN BONDS.

Coupons interchangeable. tRcgistcred 3Cou-
pous Registered and coupon.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-03-28
MINING,
BONDS.

Brad COP s. 1856 10 iCh FL see nts s7h ss'a
Brad Cop 7slss 10 Kelly T ~. r -
CSC tGs nts. ssa ssh West Pac 6s.. 81 81
fgels cents per share.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-03-28
MINI NC.
RAILROAD EQUIPMENT BONDS.

Quoted on a percentage basis
FURNISHED by Freeman & Co, No "a Pine
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1914-03-28
PUBLIC UTILITY sEclJRIrIEs
Furnished by II. F. Mcconnell g. Co. No. Is
Pine 8treetD
TOBACCO STOCKS.

sEx dividend.
Evening star., 1914-10-04

classic authors. writer's of classic
~ times and novelist t-historians who
choose their themes in the time of Car
thage, Rome and Greece, often mention
the siege and battlefield artillery of the
ancients. For example, in Flauberts
"Salammbo" one finds frequent reference
to such engines of war as the onager.
springal, ballista, scorpion, catapult,
battering ram and telenon.
The principle of the battering ram is
well understood today, and in the dim
past it was used for breaking the
gates of city or preaching the city
timber procurable, was iron bound and
iron shod. Usually it was swung by
chains or ropes from tripod the legs
of which might now be called big tele-
graph poles. The swinging beam was
drawn as far to the rear as possible,
released, and it's natural swing was
augmented by the push of as many
men as could stand by the great BEAM
The telenon was operated on the
principle of a well-sweep, by means of
which a bucket may be lowered into
deep well and then raised. The telenon
was long timber supported on the
top, or near the top, of an upright tim
ber. By pulling one end to the ground
by means Of ropes the other end would
be carried high into the air. At one
end of this sweep was an armored bas-
raised level with the top of city wall,
or a little higher than the walls, that
they might shoot their arrows within
the inclosure.
A common way of raising troops to
the height of. or higher than city
Evening star., 1914-10-04
ARTILLERY OF THE ANC1ENTS.

walls to put them on even terms with
the defenders, or to put them on better
terms was by building at short
range from the wall wooden or even
a stone structure. Very often mounds
were heaped up and from the top of
these the archers could shoot over the
wall.
heavy, stones a considerable distance
some authorities say 800 or 400 yards
the stone, of course. describing a high
course and landing with a very steep
slope of fall. There were various forms
of the ballista. An early form of this
engine was a stout beam swung to a
transverse beam. A heavily weighted
end of the swinging beam held it verti-
cal The upper or unweighted end was
hauled to the ground by a windlass,
stone was laid in a cup shaped hollow,
the beam was released, and the weight
ed end, drawn quickly down by gravity,
threw the lighter end up, thus hurting
the stone.
A later ballista had an arm, the bot
tom of which was fastened to the bed
of the machine by a giant spring. The
upper end was drawn to the ground,
loaded with a stone and released When
the arm had nearly reached a vertical
position it struck heavy crossbeam
and the sudden stopping of the flying
arm shot the stone.
The catapult was giant crossbow
which would shoot a quiver of arrows
or spears at each discharge. The scor-
pion was small crossbow which shot
an arrow or spear to greater range
than would a hand-drawn bow.
The ballista has given name to the
science of ballistics, a science with
which ordnance students or practition-
ers concern themselves.
Evening star., 1914-10-04
What Hit Him.

MANY queer things happen in war
AVA time. There is a story which is to-
day repeated in Highland troops OF a
funny incident that befell one Johnny
Ross of the 93d Sutherland Highlanders
at Lucknow. In India, during the great
mutiny
Before falling in for the assault on the
begum's palace Johnny Ross and George
Fuller with some others. had been play
ing cards in a sheltered corner. and in
some way quarreled over the game.
They were still arguing the point when
the signal was given to fall in, and
Fuller told Ross to ''shup up
At that moment a spent bullet struck
Ross In the mouth and knocked out four
of his teeth. Johnny thought it was
Fuller who had struck him, and at once
returned the blow.
"You fool"' said Fuller. "It wasn't
I that struck you. You've got a bullet
in your MOUTH
And SO 1t was. Ross put his hand to
his lips and spat into it four front teeth
and a bullet. He at once apologfzed to
Puller for having struck him, and added:
How shall 1 manage to bite my cart
ridges now?"
Those were the days OF muzzle- loading
which had to be torn open
with the teeth when leading.
Evening star., 1914-10-04

battery are about 100 rounds per gun.
In the combat train is an additional ITO
rounds, while the ammunition train
over 100 rounds. Near the advanced
depot of the line of communications is
a supply equal to all enumerated above,
and at the base is supply amounting
to as much as is ahead of it. Each
field gun, therefore, has available about
1000 rounds of ammunition for it's in
dividual service.
The rate of fire which the modern
field gun can deliver is terrific and the
same principle regarding the conserva-
tion of ammunition is in force as with
the small-arms supply.
~
When a defensive position is taken,
in anticipation of determined attack,
ammunition is previously brought up
and distributed about the trenches at
central points. The modern ammuni-
tion case is so arranged that 1t Is
easily opened.
Wooden boxes have been, to a great
extent. replaced by metal containers
which. when closed, exclude moisture
which might likely cause deterioration.
These carriers are usually equipped
with handles to expedite the transpor-
tation by band Thumb screws clamp
down the lids securely, yet compare
lively light force is all that is neces-
sary to open them.
The old days OF artillery ammunition,
when shell and charge were separate,
are no more All modern field artillery
uses the fixed ammunition. wherein
shell and charge are united in a brass.
cartridge case, with detonator cap In
the base of the case.
The time fuses which regulate the
burst of shrapnel are a part of the
projectile, and by the mere insertion
of the nose of the fuse in a contrtvance
adjusted for the time of flight desired.
followed by a turn of the cartridge, the
Evening star., 1914-10-04
The Cup of Rothenhurq.

A N interesting event in the history OF
that quaint old town Rothenburg is
annually commemorated by its people
During the thirty years war, at a time
when the Catholic League was endan-
gered by the triumphs of Gustavus Adolf
phus, Rothenburg, which was in league
with the Swedes, was besieged by Tilly
The town was well fortified and its citi-
zen soldiery was well provided with arms
and ammunition. Tilly, however, with
his superior force, soon after his arrival
before Rothenburg, had things pretty
much his own way even though the
defenders contested every inch of ground
1t was not until the powder tower was
blown up by a grenade of the enemy
that the Swedish garrison surrendered.
The conquerer would listen to no pro-
posals for capitulation. The Swedes
might withdraw, he pointed out, but
nothing less than unconditional surrender
was demanded of the town.
When Tilly took possession of the place
he sent for the senate. He announced
that they and the Burgermeister
Bezold were to suffer death for their
obstinate resistance.
The bloodthirsty Tilly had, It is said.
already summoned the executioner,
WHICH Luduy OI tne wives or tne con-
demned succeeded in forcing their
way into the council hall. 1t would
seem that the conQueror permitted
himself in some wise to be softened
by their piteous appeals for mercy,
but he vftiated his clemency with a.
condition that seemed to make II of no
avail. In other words the senator's
were to be spared IL one Of their num-
ber could empty at a draft a great
loving cup of Tauber wine.
This condition. impossible as it
seemed, was met by one Nusch. for
merly burgermeister. who thus saved
not only his own life. but those of
his colleagues.
three quarts. is today one of the treas
ures of Rothenburg. and each year a
ceremony commemorative of the real
event is enacted in Rothenburg,
ceremony that is witnessed by many
visitors from other lands.
Evening star., 1914-10-04

mediately starts forward reserve sup
plies, SO that when night falls the
supply elements which have become
depleted by the days expenditure of
ammunition are replenished without
delay.
The divisional artillery commander is
kept informed at all times of the state
of the ammunition supply in the trains.
Every effort is made to safeguard the
supply. that it may not fail at a cru
cial moment.
The glitter and picturesque part of
the ammunition supply is to be found
to the very crest of the battle line.
where the rifles spit and sputter. 1t is
impressed upon all detachment COM
manders that no expedient must be
tity of ammunition reaching the firing
line to meet the needs of the case.
The combat trains include ammuni-
tion carts which may easily be taken
at a stretching gallop to the most
sheltered spot in the vicinity of the
line, usually under hot fire, for the
fire of an enemy is directed not only
upon the firing line, but upon the
ground to the rear over which reserves
must pass to reach the front.
AS supporting lines of the infantry
go forward, the men are issued extra
bandoliers and boxes of ammunition to
carry forward to their comrades who
have been engaged. Each succeeding
line carries a fresh. supply of ammuni-
ton, and at times special detachments
are sent creeping forward for the sole
purpose of getting fresh ammunition
to the battle line.
Taking advantage of every fold of
the ground, the concealing shelter Of
waving grain fields or a murky wood.
these men crawl or dash or stink from
tree to tree in the effort to get their
precious burdens up to where they are
Evening star., 1914-10-04
BRITISH AMMUNITION TRAIN.

problem that confronts the officer in
command of the ammunition line is to
be prepared at all times to furnish an
adequate supply on demand and also
have his resources SO arranged that
the moment there exists a necessity for
replenishing empty wagons the call
will be Immediately answered.
Again, as differentiating from the
feeding of force, in the course of an
advance there will be no ammunition
to be picked up in an enemy's country.
as foraging parties gather food sup
plies to supplement those sent forward
by the line of communication. All am
munition, therefore, must be drawn
from the line of communication service
and it is of paramount Importance that
there is an ample supply always ready.
Two classes of ammunition must be
supplied-small arms and artillery.
To place the ammunition supply service
under the charge of an always exist
ing position. the field artillery is charged
with responsibility for the furnishing
and maintaining adequate service after
the ammunition columns have trans
ferred their cargoes at rendezvous
points.
The main system of supply is much
like that of the supply service. The
line OF communications is divided into
the base, intermediate and advance
sections. with specific duties applying
to each for execution. The general
supply of ammunition is shipped to the
depots of the base and depots of the
line of communications. by rail or
water transportation. From these
points, the ammunition columns, usual
ly composed of powerful motor-trucks
of large capacity, go forward, meeting
agents of the ammunition trains of the
VARIOUS divisions, to be conducted to
the points where thetrains are reflled.
The ammunition trains. in turn, go
forward to distributing stations. where
the combat trains. which pertain to
each battery and battalion, refill and
return to the immediate rear of their
tactical units. The emptied ammuni-
tion vehicles Immediately return to re-
filling points for fresh supply.
The ammunition train is divided into
two ammunition companies or bat
Evening star., 1914-10-04

stories of the battles fought in Eu-
rope are told, the most thorough at
tention is given by the members of the
general STATS to the perfection of
every detail connected with ammuni-
tion supply.
There is a huge basic difference be-
tween the service which supplies ra-
tions and forage to a combat line and
that which furnishes ammunition In
the case of food supplies, the service
must be continuous and there can be
no break in the steady stream of ra-
tions which must go to feed hungry
men daily. But the expenditure of am
Evening star., 1914-10-04

its portals give him a broad acuuaint-
anceship with the people of both hemf-
spheres Antwerp is noted for it's
wealthy men. The homes of the rich
are large and of brick of several COL
ors. with bright green shutters The
American who notices the mirrors in
the outside of the houses, where they
are placed at an angle to the broad front
windows, never fails to be interested
in this device. By this piece of in
genuity the Belgian sits by his window
away from the view of the street and
sees every one passing by. No doubt
vendors and agents have a hard time
in Antwerp.
The large fancy white apron is quite
popular for shopping or for afternoon
calling in this city. The neatly dressed
wives of the workingmen are seen
wearing such finery even in the busy
section of the city. Another style
which seems queer to strangers in An
vers is the habit of very small boys to
wear kid gloves and carry canes. Not
all of the lads. however. enjoy this
privilege. The small boy who sports
cane must be the son Of man who
has attained the social rank given to
one who is so exalted as to hold the
position of a clerk.
-.
The tourist who is familiar with the
command of Move forward, please"
from the street car conductor in Amer
lea has difficulty in understanding the
street car rules of Antwerp, where
the ordinary horse car affords two
classes of travel. Those who stand on
the front and rear platforms ride at
reduced fare. while those inside nav
ior nrst-class passage. Recently three
Americans boarded a summer ca.
which had a center aisle. Just one seat
was empty, but the three sightseers
sat down together. having plenty of
room The conductor rang the bell ex-
citedly for the car to stop He waved
ms hands in the air and motioned the
tourists off the car. The ladies saw no
cause for such action, but obeyed his
commands At the same time thsy
anghted al a Belgian also left the car.
1hen the conductor beckoned the
strangers back and accepted their fare.
Ihe Americans first street car ride in
beigium had taught them that the law
would not allow three persons to oc-
cupy seat meant but for tw% nor
would 1t allow any one to stand inside
the car. The seat vacated by the Bel
gan had given the needed room for
the third traveller.
The next car in which the tourists
rode was type of closed car with the
seats running lengthwise Uncon-
sclously. they sat close enough to-
gether not to take up any more room
than necessary. When the conductor
came for the fares he motioned them
to spread out and take up more room.
In Antwerp each street car has it
number of occupants prescribed, and
the conductor seems to enjoy enforcing
this regulation as keenly as the Amer
one more. If the windows of a car In
the Flemish city are closed, no passen-
ger dares open one without the consent
of the car boss who collects the fares.
Evening star., 1914-10-04

needed At times, pack trains, COM
posed of the faithful mules, which can
never be altogether ousted by the inno-
walton of motor-drawn vehicles, are
rushed at gallop even up to the line,
when there is crying necessity or any
chance of cover.
Ammunition has been sent forward
on rough sledges, drawn by ropes. to
the firing line and redrawn to the sup
port in rear for refilling. The rate of
fire of the modern rifle is SO great that
a huge expenditure of ammunition is
an easy matter. and the officers are
constantly on the lookout to check any
waste. Every expedient must be used
to maintain the supply, even at a
serious loss of life. The ammunition
must be had, or the soldiers will be
helpless.
of ammunition is available for each
infantryman in action. The belts worn
by the soldier will contain about 100
rounds; in addition, he will probably
carry about sixty rounds extra in his
pockets or in his pack.
In the combat train, the ammunition
+ x
wagons and carts which accompany
each battalion into action, will con-
tain about 120 rounds per man. In the
ammunition train there are about 12O
rounds more for each soldier. An
amount at least equaling that carried
by the mobile forces is with the am
munition columns, and at the base, or
nearby. is an amount equal to all that
which is provided ahead.
This gives a total Immediately avail
able. from base to firing line, of about
1900 rounds per man, no small guam
tity, although 1t is perfectly possible
to squib it away in a comparatively
brief time.
For the replenishment of ammunition
for the field artillery the same prin-
ciple of supply exists. With the firing
Evening star., 1914-10-04

fuse is set for the desired time
After discharge from the gun the
shrapnel flies through the air for a
certain number of seconds, or fraction
of a second. and the charge at the base
of the projectile then bursts, scatter
ing the balls which compose the body
of the missile in long, elliptical cone
of dispersion deadly in the extreme
So far as is possible. and it is some
thing of a paradox. the modern projectile,
mainly the rifle bullet, has been made
humane. The steel-jacketed bullet.
which flies in a low trajectory from
the modern high powered rifle, makes
a small wound of entrance, and unless
vital part is struck or bone en-
countred, the wound is one from which
a quick recovery is made, with proper
surgical attention.
War is a hard game, and the object OF
firing upon an enemy is to put him out
OF action There are those war experts
who claim that the effect of the modern
bullet wound is often practically negli-
gible and who advocate the return to
the bullet of larger dimensions, capable
OF rendering greater shock upon i'm
pact. Certain 1t is that there are count
less cases upon record where the mod
ern bullet has signally failed to stop
the rush of a determined man. To such
an extent was this exemplifled in
Philippine campaigns against fanatics
that the troops, whenever possible.
adopted larger calfbered pictol, to
gain the advantage of shock.
The ammunition service has much
drudgery to it and little glitter, but It is
so necessary that the fate of battles hinge
absolutely upon the perfect functioning
OF the elements of the ammunition units
They also serve who only stand and
wait, is fitting motto for the men
who compose this branch of the service
yet, unlnspired by the heat Of battle, un-
cheered by the welcoming shouts of their
companions, except in the rare cases
where a spectacular dash is made to
the line, their work must continue with
loyalty, valor and devotion to the bitter
end.
Evening star., 1914-10-04

talions, which establish the various
distributing stations. Each ammuni-
tlon company or battalion is subdivided
into infantry and artillery ammuni-
tion sections. which supply their re-
spective branches. The artillery sec
tion is composed mainly of caissons,
exactly like those which accompany
the fighting battery. AS a caisson with
rear and it's place is taken by an iden-
tical caisson, full-laden with shell and
shrapnel.
When plans contemplate deliberate
defense of a position. wherever. in fact.
the meeting of the contendinS forces
is unpreme meditated, the various stations
of the elements of the ammunition
supply service are fixed in orders
which emanate from the various head
quarters.
When a recontre engagement De-
comes precipitated, without further Or
ders the ammunition trains are auto
matically released from the control OF
the commander of trains. and push
ahead Immediately TO perform their
necessary functions of supply. A point
two or three miles in rear OF the pat
tie line is reached and the various cum
manders are Immediately notified OF
the position of the ammunition ele-
ments, while a prompt reconnaissance
is made of the most practicao pie routes
for reaching the parts OF the line TO De
supplied.
That there shall be as little con-
fusion as possible in the location of
the reserve ammunition, the stations
taken by the various elements of the
ammunition supply service are at once
indicated by red flags in daytime and
by red lanterns at night. Former
ly. hospitals were indicated at night by
the red lights, but that has since been
changed, and green lanterns now mark
the position of dressing stations and
hospital establishments.
Immediately after an engagement
full ammunition reserves are replen-
ished with the least practicable delay.
The moment an action is precipitated
the line of communication service i'm
Evening star., 1914-10-04
EVERYDAY LIFE I'm ANTWERP

a LTHoUGE dogs of war are demand
"A ing the attention of the world to-
day. the dogs of peace which have
long served the city of Antwerp. still
continue to do their daily work in their
industrial life with the people of
Flanders. The business of all Antwerp
would be handicapped if it were not
for these beasts of burden. Sometimes
the dogs owner boasts that the canine
is of pure mastin type or of good
Scotch breed. but more often those
who keep dogs as necessary to their
business care only that the animals
shall be strong and sturdy
Ihe peasant who sends in garden
truck to the city could not afford to
buy or feed a horse to draw his cart
Neither could the man who makes his
living by selling the milk of few
cows stand the expense of a horse. but
the Keeping of a team of dogs does not
add much to the cost of his business
livery morning sees a procession of
carts Jogging into market or through
the streets OF the quaint city deliver
ing vegetables or milk from door TO
door. If the cart is well stocked it is
drawn by dogs in double harness with
perhaps one dog fastened underneath
tne Vehlcle TO help push it along
When the load is light a single DO
pulls the burden, aided sometimes nv q
boy or woman who also tugs at the
wagon.
=
The milk cans shine like gold. and
the inspector sees that the milk sold is
of the richness of a prescribed stand
ard When the milk woman dons her
clean cap, kerchief-like shawl and
apron and starts to town with the milk
she knows whether or not 1t has been
watered. II she has increased the sup
ply by adding water she seeks to avoid
the officer. whom Americans would call
q policeman. who examines the milk.
When this guardian of the peace
carrying sword. says '.Haltw the cart
stops The milk Is weighed and ex-
watered her goods, for her name is
taken and the offense noted by the in
spector, who orders every can of milk
emPtied into the street. Luckily this
seldom happens. as experience has
proven that honesty is the best of poI-
ley in this trade Although the milk
Is delivered in the morning, the dog
carts may be seen about the city dur
ing the whole forenoon.
In Antwerp the people who live in
tenement houses spend most of their
time on the street The women mini
their children on the sidewalks az they
SIT and sew The man of Anyers sips
his morning glass outside some cafe
where dozens of small tables are
crowded over the pavement. Usually
ne sits alone. but when he becomes en-
gagged in conversation with a traveller
who speaks German. French or Flem-
tsh, he proves to be a man of wide
vision. His city is a gateway to Eu-
rope. The number of strangers from
all over the world who pass through
Evening star., 1914-10-04

Ii the field guns,
rifles and pistols
in the world are
valueless unless
there is ammuni-
tion for them on
the spot. For this
reason, although
the public seldom
hears mention of
t h e ammunition
trains and COL
umnS when the