The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1914-05-03

fate In Greek tragedy Is the pursuit
with microscope and test tube. You
find a cap, presumably dropped by a
fleeing criminal. Your old time police
officer would have examined II for a
makers mark or other similar means
OF Identification. But now: Is there
| perhaps a hair or two sticking to the
lining? Such a cap was picked up
| near the scene Of an actual murder.
with two hairs adhering to the cloth:
| These. disposed and packed ~ aftfully As
| such discriminating thinss should be lex
ample Of the rhetorical padding Of this
| volumel were sent to Or. Emile Plan. VINO
knows. as no one else In Europe does. ths
physiological. pathological and legal impor-
lance OF the hair Of man. With his eye at
| the microscope under which these two hairs
| werc displayed tanother examplel DR.. PAN
gave his description Of the criminal "A
man OF middle age OF robust constitution
and inclined to obesity; black hair inter-
mingled with gray. recently cut; commencing
to grow bald"
Some Of these deductions are such As
any "tonsoriai artist" might have made;
others display the connoisseur In
capillary detection. The predication Of
robustitude and obese tendencies Is i'm
pressive. As this Is hailed triumph"
Dolstor's ratiocinativc processes were
correct; but further specifications are
lacking. However. 1t must seem to the
criminal romantic world In which
even the hairs OF his head cry out to
betray him. But murder Is not what
the tituiary fraud" has led US to ex-
pect.
Tattooing does not suggest obviously
to the common mind either romance or
fraud; Mr. Hopkins examines the Gus
tom curiously. and with particular at
! tention to Its indulgence by criminals
To this barbarous custom various
origins have been speculatively as
scribed: mandate OF heather god,
similar to that Of the benevolent spirit
! Muramura- who. having dlsfgured the
/ first child by removing two upper teeth,
set an Australian custom OF infiicting
similar Disagreement upon every men,
Der Of the worshipping tribe; a bid for
the protection Of a tribal totem, and
! tWe~termarck) as a custom in primi-
tive courtship. Modern Mars Is given
to this cuticuar adornment: and there
| Is reminder OF fad that led British
ladies OF fashion not long ago to have
/ patterns linked into the skin of their
calves and stimulation Of garters tat
toocd in the appropriate place. Lom-
/ broso's Investigations showed In army
! and navy four sorts Of emblems in de-
/ mand. those of love. Of war, and Of
religion. and symbols of ante-mlitary
occupation. Most numerous and most
artistica.ly rendered were the martial
/ emblems; least so the amatory tokens.
/ pierced hearts. hands in clasp dates and
portraits. Religion Is the closest rival
/ OF war. Marks OF secret societies, In
| delible brands. are said to have been
/ found common on Italian skins. Grim
inals are Unfortunately fond of tattooing !:
| q Lomorosian generaliZa ton. 1t Is an
| odd propensity. because the tattoo mark
Is so handy 10 the purposes of identifica-
ton; used indeed by offended law in the
one time branding of its convicted vio-
| lators. IL would be interesting TO know
the proportion OF tattooed criminals
decorated before and of those thus
marked after the development OF anti
social tendencies; also. 10 what extent
! tattooing is practised by present day
! outlaws.
Lombroso observed in his criminals
significant selection of devices, EXPIRES
sive OF a violent spirit. hatred, desire
for revenge" Beneath crossed poniards
was inscribed: II have sworn to be
avenged" A Venetian thief was scored
Unhappy that | am, how shall end?'
A Jack the Ripper: Born under an evil
star" And on a forehead were the
words, Death to the Bourgeois" One
criminal had had his body transformed
into a sort of Persian carpet, so com
pletely was 1t covered with arabesques
and strange animals" Or. Lacassagne
found a French soldier In Africa tat
jooed from head to foot in representa-
ton of the uniform OF a general officer
a prosaic explanation of the tattooinG
carried by professional criminals Is that
the operation Is performed during ncar'
ceration as an occupation antidotal &c
the tediousness of confinement.
From "A History OF Police in Eng
land" by Capt. w l.. Melville Lee Mr.
Hopkins takes material for his paper or
THE Evolution of The Force " In
Anglo Saxon times every man not q
criminal was a policeman. The kins
guaranteed TO his subjects peace ant
security in return for their feudal al
legiance, the heads OF the hundreds
we're the practical executors OF police
duties. The hue and cry" made every
man an agent of justice. In the cite:
watch and ward" was the municipal
ity's protection to its members. Tn,
) original conception of police duty was
punitive the modern is preventive; tn,
Statute of Winchester edward - Ia
said to bridge the gap. watch anc
J ward says Capt. Lee, was the civil
equivalent of the sentry who in time o
war is posted outside the camp an'
whose functions are purely preventive
while hue and cry was partly preventive
. and partly repressive." II was who'll,
, busness,ike and not propounded al
social science or philosophy.
Under the Third Edward the petit!
. constable. an unpaid officer. execute
the mandates OF the justice OF tbs
peace; in the reign of Edward ~, he
the Justice, has usurped much OF tn
judicial powers of the shrieve and de
veloped into something nearly resem
bling the present day status of the OF
flee As mercantile occupations in
crease in dignity and Importance. the
practitioners resent the obligations an
risks of hue and cry, and paid deputy
constables are emplo, ed. Dull ant
; Dogberru The horse patrol specialize
on hghwaymen. Henry and John Field
, ing urge reform In the methods O
crime repress on: the Gordon Riots In