davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Lynden tribune. [volume] (Lynden, Wash.) 1908-current, 1914-11-12
PIONEERS FROLIC
ON STATEBIRTHDAY

The youngest group of pioneers
any county boasts gathered yester-
day for the annual reunion of the
Clam Diggers' Club, and spent a
merry day in Odd Fellows Hall
Yesterday was the States birth
day, so that and the party the Clam
Diggers made for Washington was
"A happy one. From noon until
night, the pioneers lunched much
and laughed much and talked much
of those brave days when they liv-
ed In the Territory of Wahsington.
At the formal meeting in the af-
ternOon, speeches were made, an Or
written in 1886, was read, and the
President, Ed Edison, Lynden; 1st
vice president, A. Frazier, Lyn-
den; End vice president, Mrs. D.
Rittenburg, Lynden; secretary, Mrs.
Nettie Pratt, Custer; treasurer, ].
o. Bussard, Lynden; Trustees, r.
E. Hawley, Geo. Taylor, Geo. Worth
en-, all of Lynden, and Mrs. Woody,
of Bellingham.
Among those present were: M.
NAPLES. Mike Dermody, Mr.. and
Mrs. Hans Berthuson, Miss Olive
Berthuson, Mr.. and Mrs. Geo. Wor-
then, Mr.. and Mrs. A. Fl. Frazier.
Chas. Smith, Theo. Tobiasson, A.
J. Rusco, Mrs. Cora Woody, Mr..
and Mrs. Geo. Parker. NJ. Palmer.
B. p. Shoemaker, Mr.. and Mrs.
Geo. Taylor, Mr.. and Mrs. Harvey
Slade. L. d. Pangborn, Miss Olive
Pangborn, Mrs. VIM. Meurer. Mrs.
Phoebe Judson, Mr.. and Mrs. Jack
Gale, VIM. Lauckhart, Jr., Mr.. and
Mrs. M. l.. Jackman, Mrs. William
Lauckhart, Sr.. Mrs. Effie Roed-
err, Mrs. iHettie Robinson, Mr..
and Mrs. Charles Packard. Miss
Mildred Robinson, Mrs. Germain,
Mr.. and Mrs. N. w. Pratt, Mrs. M.
j. Swim, Mr.. and Mrs. Will Jack
man, Mr.. Bonita Judson, DR.. Walter
Wilbur. Mr.. Joe Cramer, Mr.. and
Mrs. G. F. Mundel, Mrs. Mary Bras
sell, Mr.. and Mrs. Wallace Palmer,
Miss Agnes Edison, Mr.. and Mrs. r.
r. Helder, Mrs Mollie Williams.
Eliza Tremain,M r. and Mrs. J. ..
Bussard, Mr.. and Mrs. Frank Bloom.
w. l.. Baker. Mr.. and Mrs. Miles
Rittenburg, C. r. Axling, Messrs.
S. H. Lewis, C. F. Worthen, r. E.
Hawley, A. J. Morris. Mrs. Robert
Rittenburg, Mr.. and Mrs. M. j.
Morris, Miss Edith Morris, Mrs. Ed
PhilO, Mrs. Agnes Hinckley, Harry
Savings, Miss Ethel Crabtree, Mr..
and Mrs. Victor Bussard, Mrs. Anna
Ebey, Mr.. and Mrs. p. Bentzel,
Mr.. and Mrs. S. l.. Palmer, Mrs.
John Swope. Messrs. Ed Edison,
Mark Stone, J. Pym and George
True, Wright Helder, Vanessa Hell
der.
The Lynden tribune. [volume] (Lynden, Wash.) 1908-current, 1914-11-12

Arrangements for the observance
of tuberculosis Day, November 29th
by the churches of the state, by the
schools, and by organizations inter-
ested in helping raise the health
standards Of their communities are
now being made by the Washington
Association for the Prevention and
Relief of tuberculosis.
This event is of double importanc
this year as 1t directly preceedes the
Red CrOssccSeal sale through which
tn tuberculosis work is largely fl
anced. Any information concerning
the national meeting, Tuberculosis
Day or the Red Cross seal will be
gladly furnihsed by the Washington
Association for the Prevention and
Relief of tuberculosis, GIG Cobb
Building, Seattle.
The Lynden tribune. [volume] (Lynden, Wash.) 1908-current, 1914-11-12
The Country and the City Dollar

Many farm boys rush off to the
city and most city boys never con-
slider the country, because they do
not know that a dollar. on a real
farm is nearly twice as effective as
a dollar in the midst of city. The
young man who rents farm also
rents a house and has no house rent
to pay. He has chickens and eggs,
and garden and fruit and milk and
often fire wood. AS by product Of
the farm he has horse to drive. In
fact. much of the family living Is a
by-product of the farm. The young
man in the city with 500 a month
must pay rent; every egg or turnip
or apple that he gets he must buy.
IL he rides, he pays car fare; his
clothes cost more than the farmers
and ON every hand he meets more
temptation to spend money. The
man in the city with $1,000 a year
is poor. and the man with $4,000
must look for very plain street
when he rents his house. In the
real country, $1,000 net a year Is
usually comfort, and $4,000 IL afflu-
ence.
It is a national misfortune that
the differing value Of the country
dollar and the city dollar is so little
understood. Had it been thorough
lily grasped in time. 1t would have
been the making of thousands ana
tens of thousands of farmers.
There are some people who say
that farming il trudgery. FOR
many persons that saying Is correct
They should not farm. Given nor
NAL health and enthusiasm, tnere
ought to be some kind of work that
eyery man can enjoy; and it Is his
duty to find that work. But In ag-
riculture there Is real enjoyment
"a man man can love it. Some peo-
Iple love horses and cows and other
farm animals very much as boys
Hove dogs.-J. Russell Smith, FRO
essor of Industry, University OF
Pennsylvania.
The Lynden tribune. [volume] (Lynden, Wash.) 1908-current, 1914-11-12
DRAG THOSE STREETS
SAYS S'PROF. DAVIS

The use of the King drag in the
streets of Lynden is advocated by
Prof. S. p. Davis. good roads expert
of Washington State College,. who
addressed the Farmers Institute Fri
day and Saturday.
Professor Davis advocates the i'm
provement of the streets outside The
paved district declairgn the cost 10
the town would be slight.
81 Wish you could see some of the
streets l have seen that have been
built up aud are being maintained
by the use of the split-log drag, said
Professor Davis, 81 do not mean tina
the drag should be used once and
then forgotten. If the drag is used
repeatedly on Lynden streets, you
will find the roads greatly improved
with each application,
eff those who are to use the drag
are permitted to use their own jud-
cement as to when, how much and
how Oten to use the drag they Will
feel personal responsibility for The
condition of that part of the stree,
under their care. Each one doing
the work should have just rs much
xs,reet as he can drag III one hour.
This is necessary owing to the
Wia,'t that after the street has been
brought up to state OF good re-
pair, the time when the street viii
be in condition to pack will probab-
ly be not more than one hour. Hence
If one man has a great deal of street
area, he will be forced to begin his
work while the street is too wet FOL
ideal results and inish when 1t is
too dry.
'sThis does not mean that the Lyn
den streets should be left in theii
present state until the great quantit-
les of water now on them passes OIL
by evaporation. By all means, get
the water off the street as quickly
as possible. This must be done by
dragging the puddled earth compo-
ing the high places in the low pla-
ces---there is no better material with
which to fill the hole than this pud-
died earth.
"Another reason for having severa
doing the same work at the same
time is that by comparing their wor
they are naturally imbued with
good natured rivalry which cannon
help bat get results.
The TOWN. OF BHTilu6toh ID hoF
spending great sums of money IL
washing down their paving--mort
money than Burlington was willing
to spend on dragging before the as
phalt was laid. This is not only uh
businesslike, but it is unfair TO The
residence sections. The earth anG
gravel street only asks for mainten
ance, and it seems only fair to spen'
on our earth streets at least ten pei
scent of the amount equal to the ann
Y al cost of paving.
t'oersonally when l go to. towi
and find a few blocks of paving II
the business district. and the rest ol
the streets in deplorable CONDITION
I am reminded of the boy wht
washes his face. but who never rea
ches back of his ears---or of the wo-
man who keeps he parlor neat, pu'
whoh allows chaos to reign In the
bed room and kitchen"
The Lynden tribune. [volume] (Lynden, Wash.) 1908-current, 1914-11-12
Mrs. Martha Peters Passes Away.

The funeral of Mrs. Martha Peters
wife. of Ed. Peters was held from
the family residence with the Rev.
Mr.. Meyer of Bellingham officiat-
ing.
Up to the time of her last illness,
Mrs. Peters had never been sick be-
fore, and her end was especially sad
because of her previous robust heal
tn and youth. She was born jan
uary 3,1888, In Warren, Mecklen-
burg, Germany She came to the
United States ten years ago, and
was married seven years ago to Mr..
Peters. Her husband, two children
John and Hilda, her father and mo-
ther, Mr.. and Mrs. Emil Knick Of
Lynden sister, Mrs. Bob
Martin and another sister in South
Dakota, Mrs. william Keller, remain
to mourn her.
Those who knew Mrs. Peters were
deeply shocked to learn of her pass
ing. Her fine character and her
good deeds had won many friends
who will miss her keenly.
The Lynden tribune. [volume] (Lynden, Wash.) 1908-current, 1914-11-12
COMPANY FINISHES JOB
OF Street PAVING

Lynden now has its asphalt streets
completed. The Washington Paw
ing Company laid the last block of
asphalt this week, and is busy now
completing the dirt work. The CON-
pany expects to complete its part
Of the job by Saturday, and will
move its men and plant away then.
For time, the Company expect
ed to leave its big asphalt plant
in Lynden over the winter to start
work on the Fifth Street paving in
the spring, II that project goes
through, but 1t has decided now to
take all its machinery to headquar-
ters at Tacoma.
The Lynden tribune. [volume] (Lynden, Wash.) 1908-current, 1914-11-12

One of the pleasant Hallowe en-
parties was that given by sMiss
Helen Boerhave in honor OF the
members of the jolly Sixteen club
The Boerhave house was gay VIII
asters and Halloween suggestions
of witches, black cats, etc. The luh'
cheon served at the close OF the eve
ning's amusements was in Keeping
with the Holloween season. Tweh
ty four young people were present
and enjoyed games and dancing un
Ill q late hour.
The Lynden tribune. [volume] (Lynden, Wash.) 1908-current, 1914-11-12

Make your Christmas gifts attrac-
i've at the expense OF The tribune
A 225 piece assortment OF Chris.-
mas seals, stamps, and cards worth
fifty cents is given free with our
special subscription offer. Read
about It on page s.
The Lynden tribune. [volume] (Lynden, Wash.) 1908-current, 1914-11-12

Mr.. and Mrs. r. II. Cries left
last week for Portland, where sney
will attend the funeral OF MIS-.
Cries sister, Mrs. Halliday VINO dieo
in Oakland, Cal. Mr.. Cries had re-
ceived a letter from his sister fri
day saying that she was in gooa
health. and on Sunday he received
!, telegram announcing her death.
The Lynden tribune. [volume] (Lynden, Wash.) 1908-current, 1914-11-12
Because he is leaving the stat

Because he is leaving the state
]. c. Runyan, will hold public SAFE
Saturday. November. IA, at 1 50
The following property will be or1er
ed by George Bostwick, Auctioneer
library table, kitchen table, !
dresser, 1 kitchen cabinet, comm
ode, toilet set, 2 beds. rocking
chairs, kitchen chairs, genuine
leather couch, stoves and other ar
ticles too numerous to mention.
The Lynden tribune. [volume] (Lynden, Wash.) 1908-current, 1914-11-12

The population of the Lynden dis
trict increased by three this week.
On November 1. girl was born to
Mr.. and Mrs. A, Hoeuegal; Novem-
ber 6, boy to Mr.. and Mrs. Russ
ell Davis; on November 8, a boy
to Mr.. and Mrs. j. Curry.
The Lynden tribune. [volume] (Lynden, Wash.) 1908-current, 1914-11-12

An indication of the healthy con-
dition of Lynden and its surround
ipgs is given in the statement OF the
Lvnden State Bank issued this week
The condensed report of the condit-
ion of the bank made to The state
Bank Examiner, October 81, shows
a total of deposits of $216.S25.05
This is an increase of $4,000 over
the deposits in March of this year
The Lynden tribune. [volume] (Lynden, Wash.) 1908-current, 1914-11-12

Mr.. A. J. Dykstra of Sioux City
Iowa. is the guest this week OF Mr..
and Mrs. o. j. Bylsma. Mr.. Dykstra
is looking over the Lynden distric'
with view OF locating here.
The Lynden tribune. [volume] (Lynden, Wash.) 1908-current, 1914-11-12

Mrs. J. N. Arnold who has been
visiting Lynden relatives for sever
al weeks left Monday and will visit
a short time in Bellingham and
Seattle before going to her home
at Hanford, California.
The Lynden tribune. [volume] (Lynden, Wash.) 1908-current, 1914-11-12

Mr.. and Mrs. Roy True and two
sons arrived Sunday for visit to
their parents, Mr.. and Mrs. George
True. Mrs. Roy True is recovering
from an operation and will rest up
in LINDEN.
The Lynden tribune. [volume] (Lynden, Wash.) 1908-current, 1914-11-12

G. Lundgren had three fingers OF
his right hand cut badly Thursday,
when he caught them in planer at
the DickersOn mill.
The Lynden tribune. [volume] (Lynden, Wash.) 1908-current, 1914-11-12

Mrs. bunker was able to leave the
hospital Thursday. She Is now re-
covering at the home o her sister
in Bellingham.
The Lynden tribune. [volume] (Lynden, Wash.) 1908-current, 1914-11-12

Mrs. Jack Macginness and chill
dren returned Tuesday after spend .
ing several days with Bellingham rel
atives.
The Lynden tribune. [volume] (Lynden, Wash.) 1908-current, 1914-11-12

The Royal Neighbors will meet
At the home of Mrs. John Tremaih'
Sr.. Thursday afternoon. November
ll9. Neighbor Saltzgaber VIII as
| ,ist the hostess.
The Lynden tribune. [volume] (Lynden, Wash.) 1908-current, 1914-11-12

She-Are they happy together?
He-He stays In every evening
She-Then they must be.
He-But she goes out. Harvard
Lampoon.
The Lynden tribune. [volume] (Lynden, Wash.) 1908-current, 1914-11-12

Mrs. Angus Young and Mrs. Char
les Gehrman spent several days the
first of the week visiting relatives
in Bellingham.
The Lynden tribune. [volume] (Lynden, Wash.) 1908-current, 1914-11-12

Mr.. and Mrs. Paul Wenner, of
Carlton, Washington, are guests OF
Mrs. Wenner's parents, Mr.. and
Mrs. S. ii. Thompson.
The Lynden tribune. [volume] (Lynden, Wash.) 1908-current, 1914-11-12

Mrs. ]. C. Runyan and little dau-
ghter Lorraine will leave next Week
!, Tor Reed Point, Montana, where she
will visit her sister. Mr.. fuhyah
will join her there later.
The Lynden tribune. [volume] (Lynden, Wash.) 1908-current, 1914-11-12

Mrs. Paul Hood, Of Ferndale. Is
spending the week with Mrs. 5. A.
rhOmDSOn,
The Lynden tribune. [volume] (Lynden, Wash.) 1908-current, 1914-11-12

The next meeting of the Music
Club will be held at the home OF
Miss Crete Topping.
The Lynden tribune. [volume] (Lynden, Wash.) 1908-current, 1914-11-12

Mrs. C. B. Vail received WORD
this week of the death OF Mr.. Geor-
ge Korthauer, a relative.
The Lynden tribune. [volume] (Lynden, Wash.) 1908-current, 1914-11-12

Miss Harriet Abercrombie who Is
attending the Bellingham Normal,
visited her sister. Mrs. Cries over
the week end.
The Lynden tribune. [volume] (Lynden, Wash.) 1908-current, 1914-11-12

Mr.. and Mrs. F. B. De Puy
and daughter, Martha, are In Lyn-
den. attending the wedding OF their
The Lynden tribune. [volume] (Lynden, Wash.) 1908-current, 1914-11-12

Ray Jacobs was Bellingham Wis
itor Monday.
The Lynden tribune. [volume] (Lynden, Wash.) 1908-current, 1914-11-12

J. p. lBoerhave of the Lynden
Department Store was in Bellingham
Yesterday on business.
The Lynden tribune. [volume] (Lynden, Wash.) 1908-current, 1914-11-12

Mark Hammond made business
trip to Seattle Monday and Tuesday
The Lynden tribune. [volume] (Lynden, Wash.) 1908-current, 1914-11-12

Mrs. B. c. De Long visited in Bell
ingham Friday.
The Lynden tribune. [volume] (Lynden, Wash.) 1908-current, 1914-11-12

Owen Hadley of Blaine spent Sun
day visiting In Lynden.
Golden Valley chronicle. (Beach, Billings County, N.D.) 1905-1916, 1914-09-11
Coal Lands
to be Opened
Berthold Reservation Property
Will be Open to Settlement
Between now and March l.

Mandan, Sept. 9.-The cbal
lands on the Berthold reservation
will be open to settlement be-
tween now and March |. 1t may
possibly be done late this fall.
but in any event they will be
opened in time for settlers to do
some work early next spring.
Under the provisions Of the bill
for permitting the settlers to take
the coal reserve lands. an ap-
praisement committee is to be
named within twenty days from
July 28. This committee will
make its valuation of the lands
and the department will then
arrange for the opening.
AS the appraisement for the
other lands on the reservation
was regarded in excess of the
real value, it is probable that the
valuation on the coal lands may
2be somewhat less, although
they are regarded as the most
fertile on the reservation.
Golden Valley chronicle. (Beach, Billings County, N.D.) 1905-1916, 1914-09-11

COUNCIL MEETING

The council met this week
Tuesday, both as a council and
board of equalization. A bad
error was made in the sewer as
sessment against the Northern
Pacific. the assessment being
$4,000 whereas the railroad
company show that it should
have been about $4,000. In
making this correction it will be
necessary to increase all assess.
ments to make up the shortage
caused by the error. T. R. At.
kinson of Bismarck. who com.
piled the assessments, has been
sent for and a reassessment will
be figured out in time to certify
to the county auditor.
The city dads as council
authorized the purchasing of ad:
ditional hose for the fire depart.
ment, which will give them 1900
feet of servicable hose. The
meeting was postponed and lat.
er the annual appropriation or.
dinance will be passed for the
coming year.
Golden Valley chronicle. (Beach, Billings County, N.D.) 1905-1916, 1914-09-11
OPEN NEW BANK

Mr.. and Mrs. Chas Bohart left
yesterday morning for their new
home at Burkey, N. D., where
Mr.. Bohart is to be cashier of the
First State Bank of that place.
Burkey is an inland town about
fifteen miles south of Beach. and
is near the new branch of the
Northern Pacific that is being
built through the southern part
of the Golden Valley. When
the road is completed. which
will be sometime this fall. the
town expects to move to the rail-
road. The bank was chartered
short time ago. with F. w.
Stevens. of Sanborn. Minn.. A.
w. Bollum and Chas. Bohart, as
stockholders. The town is in a
fine country. and the outlook is
good for very fine business. Mr..
Bohart has been here for num-
Der of years as assistant cashier
of the First State Bank, and has
an eviable reputation for his
ability in this line of work. The
people of Burkey are to be con-
graduated in securing such a
strong bank. and upon the ac-
QUESTION of such good business
man as Mr.. Bohart has proven
himself to be.-Rhame Review.
Golden Valley chronicle. (Beach, Billings County, N.D.) 1905-1916, 1914-09-11
1 Eares1 hing on
i'm Full Blast
Golden Valley Grain Yielding Well and Has
Commenced to Move Into Beach in Large
Quantities Wheat Running From Is
to 20 Bushels; Barley IS

Threshing has commenced in earnest following
the wet spell, practically all machines resuming work
yesterday. Grain threshed far yielding well and
with the present prices prevailing the farmers will
ceive good for their years work The follow
ing of the yields reported the Chronicle:
The wheat the large farm conducted by Mrs. j.
r. Smith southwest of town is reported to be running
from IS to 20 bushels on over 1000 acres.
John Michaels, the big farmer west of town reports
1900 of wheat at 20 bushels per
Albert Erdnan southeast of Beach, also reports 20
bushels to the acre, grading No. |.
Wm Sprague, southwest threshed IS bushel aver
age, some fields few bushels less and others few
bushels more, it all grading No. 2.
Henry Johnson, south of Beach, reports his wheat
at nearly 20 bushels large acreage.
John Denton in the same locality reports average
of about II bushels which is about the report
ed by Chas. Ho>varth in the territory.
The Zilesdorf Bros, north of town report wheat
average of IS bushels which is also the yield reported
on the farms of Tom Dunnigan and E. F. Smith, also
north of town.
C. w. Purvis, southwest reports 3 bushels of wheat
to the acre.
E. Lloyd and H. tlderbrant report BARELY yield of
s. bushels to the
Golden Valley chronicle. (Beach, Billings County, N.D.) 1905-1916, 1914-09-11

the pleadings of her family and
friends she determined to be
minister. Her eloquence as
public speaker led the district
conference of the Methodist
Episcopal church of which she
was a member to gra N
her a local preacher license,
which was annually renewed for
eight years. In 1875 she entered
the theological department of
the Boston University from which
she graduated with honors in
1873. During the last year of
her course she was pastor of the
First M. E. Church of bingham,
Mass, and her second pastorate
of East Dennis, on Cape Cod
where she remained seven years
For g years of that time she al
SO suppEtd the Congregational
church of Dennis. Although,
she passed the best examination
Of any candidate, she was refus-
ed ordination because she was a
women by the New England
Methodist conference. Her case
was again refused by the confer
ence of Cincinnati in the year of
1880. Then was when she
supplemented her theological de-
cree by one in medicine at the
Boston UniversityA Then find
ing that the great reforms for
which she desired could only be
brought about effectively by the
ballot in the hands of women as
we'll as men, as national super
intendent of franchise of the w.
c. I. u. she continued to speak
for suffrage for twenty years. In
1904 she was elected president
of the national association and
has seen it grow from a small
body of enthusiastic women TO a
great army.
Possessed of a wonderful vital
ity, never failing humor and
hopefulness, she is always ready
to meet the constant demands
upon her time and energy. Her
campaign in North Dakota prom
ises to be one of. the most sue
cessful of the year and arrange
ments are being made for ad-
dresses from the platform of the
train so that the greater part of
the state will be able to hear of
suffrage from the lips of the pio-
neer worker who lectured in this
state twenty years ago.
Golden Valley chronicle. (Beach, Billings County, N.D.) 1905-1916, 1914-09-11
]. A. McGregor
Answers Call
Died in St. Paul Hospital After
Long lllness-Was Pioneer
of North Dakota.

Word was received yesterday
of the death of John A. McGreg-
or, at St. Paul. Mr.. McGregor
had been in St. Joseph's HOSPITAL
there for some time, suffering
with cancer. He underwent a
serious operation for this disease
last spring, but had been failing
since. His wife and son were
with him at the time of his death.
John Andrew McGreger came
to the rorthwest in 1873, settl-
ing in Iowa, moving from there
to Minnesota, and coming to
the Black Hills, via Bismarck. in
1876, Notwithstanding the fact
that the Indians were making a
great deal of trouble in that vi
cinity at that time. Mining did
not pan out we'll for him, and he
trapped and shot for time,
and then drifted down the little
Missouri to what is now Medora.
in 1880.
In 1886 he went to Dickinson
and was manager of the Dickin-
son Mercantile Company until
1895, when he went to Medora,
and took up ranching. He pros
pered, held county Offices, was
prominent in church and society
and in the Masonic order in Dick
inson and Beach. He had many
friends all over the northwest,
and a general regret is felt at his
taking away.
Golden Valley chronicle. (Beach, Billings County, N.D.) 1905-1916, 1914-09-11
Man Burned to
Death in Jail
Nels Nelson of Sherwood Met
Horrible Death While in Cell
For Drunkenness.

Sherwood, N. D., Sept. o.
Nels Nelson of this city was burn
ed to death when the town jail
in which he was confined for
drunkenness was partially de-
stroyed by fire.
The blaze broke out shortly
after 2 o'clock in the morning.
Its cause is. unknown. Nelson
was the only prisoner in the
building and was alone at the
time the fire broke out.
L. Sheron, town marshal. says
that he visited the Jail at 2
clock as was his custom. At
that time there was no sign of fire.
When he returned short time
later, however, he found the en-
tire frame structure in flames.
Sheron Immediately turned in
an alarm and the fire was extin-
guished before the building was
entirely consumed. Desperate ef-
forts were made to save Nelson,
but when it became possible to
enter the building only his char
ed body was found.
Nelson was painter by trade.
He had resided in Sherwood for
some time past, and is survived
by his wife. He had been ar
rested for drunkenness some
three hours before the fatal
blaze took place.