davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1914-04-11
new TARIFF RESULTS.
REVENUES ABOUT AS EXPECTED
FROM FIRST.
railing on OF Customs Receipts for
Nine Months Amounts to S24,75O,-
900.

Washington, April S.-Figures were
made public in a treasury depart
ment atatement tonight showing that
customs revenues during the fiscal
year, which ends June 80, 1914, al
most certainly will meet and probably
will exceed the estimates made when
congress passed the new tariff law.
The statement, prepared by Assist.
ant Secretary Milburn, in charge OF
customs, said:
1T was estimated that receipts from
customs for the fiscal year 1914, which
included three months under the tariff
act of 1903 and nine months under
the present tariff act, approved Oc-
tober 8. 1913, would amount to $780,
100000, resulting in a loss of s49,-
100000 from the customs receipts Of
the previous year.
THE total customs collections for
the nine months just ended amounted
to 225.5O0,G00, showing a loss for
the nine months period of $24,750,-
900 compared with the collections
for the same period during the fiscal
year ended June 80, 1913. AS this
loss is only one-half Of the estimated
loss for the whole year, it is probable
that the receipts for the fiscal year
ending June 80, 1914, will exceed the
estimate.
THE loss in revenue during the
months Of January and February,
1914, amounted in round numbers to
$6,o0O,OOO and$1O,OOO,OOO respect
lively.
THE customs receipts for the
month of March show a loss of but
$l,50O,O0O and recovery of re-
ceipts as cOmpahred with February of
this year of over $S.OOO,OOO.
In view of the above figures it now
appears that a monthly average of
less than $15,00O,OOO for April, May
and June. the remaining three months
OF the present fiscal year, would bring
the total Of customs receipts up to
$270,O00,O00, the original estimate
for this fiscal year. 1t is probable that
receipts for the three remaining
months will exceed this average OF
SIS, 100000 and that the total re-
ceipts for the fiscal year will run over
the estimate of $4,000, 900"
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1914-04-11
WILL END PROBLEM OF GREA1
GRAVITY.
Signing OF Treaty of BOgOta Brings
to Close Negotiations for Settle
ment of Dispute.

Signing OF Treaty of BOgOta Brings
to Close Negotiations for Settle
ment of Dispute.
Washington, April 7.-Signing of
the treaty OF Bogota today was the
outcome Of negotiations that had been
in progress since soon after President
Wilson took office.
Details OF the agreement have not
been made public here. 1t is under
stood, however, that the treaty pro-
vides that tha United States shall pay
Colombia a lump sum of $25, 900, 900
ia full payment for the loss suffered
by the latter country when Panama
seeded and transferred the canal
zone to the United States and for ex-
elusive rights to the construction Of
an interoceanic canal through Co.
lcmbian territory and for coaling
privilege on the Colombian coast.
The agreement will dispose of one
of the most troublesome problems
with which the United States ever
has had to deal i'm it's relations with
Latin America.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1914-04-11
CALL ON CARRANZA TO MODIFY
ORDER.
Vigorous Representations Made To
Constitutionalist Chief Regarding
Expulsion of Spaniards.

Washington. April 7.-vigorous
representations went from the Amer
lean government today to Gen. Car
rama, the constitutionaiist, urging
him to modify the order OF Gen. villa.
expelling Spaniards from Torreon.
The situation Is giving grave concern
to authorities here. The United
states had undertaken to extend TO
Spaniards i'm Mexico the same pro-
tection II affords American residents
there and Ambassador Rlano has been
assured nothing will be loft undono
To assure for the unfortunates at
Torreon every right to which they
are entitled under Law and usage.
Spain proposes To exhaust every
resource to protect her people. il
was made plain today, when Rear
Admiral Mayo at Tampico cabled the
navy department that the command
ing officer Of the British cruiser Her
mionc had been instructed TO care
Tor Spaniards AT that port.
The state department. as we'll as
the spanish embassy here. Is en-
harrassed in dealing with the Tor
reon situation by a lack of exact i'm
formation as To the extent OF the OK
pulsion decree and how far II has been
executed. IL ia understood villa i'm
pubiic speech told the Spaniards Of
Torrcon they were not To bc dcport-
cd en- massc; that commission
would he appointed To examine into
each individual case. and that such
"f them as could establish the fact
they have rendered no aid to- Huerta
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1914-04-11
CAROTTIERs REFUSES no TALK
OF WORK.

Says He IL Unable tn Give Out Any
thing. Being Merely an Intermc.
diary.
FL Paso. Texas. April 7.-Whcn
George Carothers, special agent of
the department OF state. returned 10
this side from his conference with
Gen. Carranza he locked himself in
his Office, saying that he had re-
port TO make. Pressed for conflrma-
tion or denial OF information gained
I'm Juarez. he replied:
II merely am an intermediary in
certain matters between the United
States and. Gen. Carranza. The sub.
ject is one which can not discuss"
The large colony OF Spaniard refu-
gees In FL Paso are convinced their
properties will be confscated and
themselves do prived of their homes
Spanish holdings In the la Guna
district of Coahuila are said by
refugees TO be valued at $4,000. 900
pesos. The Spanish property in Tor
reon includes leading stores. factories
and warehouses. and the Spaniards
own n part OF the stock OF tho Banco
La Guna. a s1O.000.00O banking cor
poration.
In addition to the Torreon inter-
ests the Spaniards own large ha-
ciendas In the cotton districts OF La
Guna and the irrigated alfalfa farms.
There are 700 Spsniards out OF a
normal population of 5000 left in
Torreon. There Is no Spanish consul
In Torreon now and the affairs OF
the colony are being cared for by the
Italian. American and British consuls
IL was reported that the first train
load OF refugees would arrive here
late tonight.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1914-04-11
Found u Cure for Rheumatism

I SUIIcrCd WITH rhcumatiSm FOR
TWO years and could not get my right
hnnd TO my mouth for that length of
time, writes Lee l.. Chapman. Maple
ton. Iowa. Il suffered terrible pain
50 could not sleep or lie still at
night. Five years ago | began using
thamberlains Liniment and In two
months ] WAS well and have not suf-
i"red with rheumatism since" For
sale 10y all dealers-Adyt
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1914-04-11
New York Cotton Market.
Look to Your Plumbing.

You know what happens in house
in which the plumbing is in poor con-
dition-everybOdy in the house is
liable to contract typhoid or some
other fever. The digestive organs per-
form the same functions in the human
body as the plumbing does for the
house, and they should be kept m
first class condition all the time. Ii
you have any trouble with your di-
gestion take Chamberlain's Tablets
and you are certain to get quick relief
For sale by all dealers-AdVt
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1914-04-11
WOMAN SUICIDE AT NIAGARA.
Mrs. Clark SanbOrn, of Buffalo, Jumps
Into Niagara River and Is Drowned.

Niagara Falls, April 8.-A fashion
ably dressed woman suicided today by
leaping into Niagara river from Sec
ond Sister Island. Her body swept
over the falls. She drove to the
Island in q carriage. The body has
been recovered and identified as that
OF Mrs. Clark SanbOrn OF Buffalo.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1914-04-11
would he permitted to return .o Tor

would he permitted to return 20 Tor
rcon.
The gravity of the problem bos
btcn increased 10y unofficial but crodi.
81" information that this policy of
expulsion OF the Spaniards is To Inc
"f general application: that "a rap
idlN as the constitutionalists extend
their control they intend To drive ont
the Spanards.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1914-04-11
Straight at II.

There is no use of our cheating
around the BUSH" We might as we'll
out with il first as last. We want You
to try Chambcrain's Cough Remedy
the next time YOU have Il cough or
cold. There Is no reason So far as we
can see why you should not do so.
This preparation by its remarkable
cures has gained world wide rcpu-
tation. ana people everywhere speak
81 II in the highest terms OF praise.
1t is for sale by all dealers. .-Advt.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1914-04-11
NCOrgiN Politics.

Ntiaita. April S.-Upon the an
"ouhccmcht of Governor Slaton's can
oidacy for the senatorship, Dr. l.. G..
thurman of Jackson county. Is the
iirst avowcd candidate for the cover
n"rship of Georgia. IIarman was
formerly If tho lcgislaturo
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1914-04-11
Cough Medicine for Children

Too much care cannot be used in
selecting n cough medicine for chill
dren. 1t should be pleasant to take,
contain no harmful substance and be
most effectual. Chamberlain's Cough
Demcdy meets these requirements
and is favorite with the mothers OF
young children everywhere. For sale
by all dealers.-Advt.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1914-04-11
Suicide of Aged Couple.

New York, April S.-Jacob Theis
and wife hanged themselves i'm the
parlor Of their tiny fiat today. They
were - and rs Extreme poverty
was the cause OF suicide
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1914-04-11
PREMIER ASQUITH RE-ELE(TED.
Returned to Seat He Resigned Last
Week, without Opposition.

London, April S.-Prcmier AS
puith, who resigned from the House
of Commons to make his acceptance
or the portfolio Of Secretary of War
leEal, was returned to parliament, un-
opposed. today from East Fife. Scot -
land.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1914-04-11
FLEEING FROM REBELS.
American Women ana Children Be.
ing Rushed to TamDicO.

Washington, April S.-American
women and children are being rushed
into Tampico from the outlying dis
tricts to protect them from the rebels
who are threatening the city, accord
ing to wireless message today from
Rear Admiral Fletcher at Vera Cruz.
The message indicates that Tampico
mas not yet fallen. though there was
sharp lighting yesterday.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1914-04-11
CAPTURE OF TAMPICO REPORT.
ED,
Private Dispatch to City of Mexico
Tells Of Rebel Victory

Mexico City, April S.-Tampico has
pcen captured by the rebels according
To Il private dispatch received today
The report is denied at the war de-
partment.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1914-04-11
Ice in Alabama.

Birmingham, April 9.-Ice formed
In many places in north Alabama last
night. Fruit crops are imperilled as
freezing temperatures are pre- icted
again tonight.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1914-04-11
BLIZZARD MOVING SOUTH,
BITTERLY COLD IN RICHMOND
AND SNOW IN GREENVILLE,
temperature Within One Degree of
Freezing in Atlanta and Heavy
Frost Expected TOniglit-Fruit
Crops I'm Danger.

Atlanta, April 9.-'The temperature
touched 33 above zero this morning,
only the high winds and cloudiness
prevented frost last night. The fruit
is reported still safe, but fears are
entertained on account of the predic-
tiOns Of frost tonight.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1914-04-11

Memphis, April 9.-The tempera-
ture is freezing this morning At
Jackson, Miss, the temperature was
S6. Indications are that fruit suf-
fered severely, especially in Arkan-
saS.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1914-04-11
SUMTER COTTON MARKET.
Corrected Daily BY Ernest Field
Cotton Buyer.

Good Middling 13 IA
Strict Middling 13 Is.
Middling 13.
Strict Low Middling IL SIS.
Low Middling ~.
Staple cotton 13 to IA 1-2.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1914-04-11

Washington, April 9.-Frost is pre-
dicted tonight, extending into north
Florida and Gulf coast. Freezing in
the interior Of Georgia.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1914-04-11
MORE ICE AND SNOW.
FREEZING WEATHER IN WEST
AND NORTH.
Fruits and Vegetables Killed In
Kansas-I.Ow Temperature and
Sn0wfails i'm Northern Cities.

Topeka, Kan, April S.-A hard
freeze covers Kansas today with the
temperature IL above zero. Early
fruits and vegetables have been kill
ed by the storm.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1914-04-11
Ice in Augusta.

Augusta, April 9.-The tempera-
ture was 4G at noon and dropping
this afternoon. Freezing temperature
is expected tonight.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1914-04-11
Transfers Of Real Estate.

Ida X. Breeder to -. II. Mccall
lum. lot on Washington street, $4,000.
Harry V. Reid to III. IL. VanDeventer
ana Ernest II. Rhamc. Jr.. lot on CAL
houn street. $1,000.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1914-04-11
Blizzard Hits Richmond.

Richmond, April "a severe hail
and snow storm is raging here this
morning. The weather is bitterly
cold.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1914-04-11

Pittsburg, April S.-Snow started
at o'clock this morning, con-
tinuing until one this afternoon.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1914-04-11

indianapolis, April SIT Is snow
ing here this afternoon. The tenn
perature has already reached "a.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1914-04-11
Snow in Greenyille.

Greenville, April 9.--SnOw fell for
five minutes in this vicinity this
morning.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1914-04-11
WON'T HURT CHARLESTON.
Daniels Order Will Have No Especial
Eject There.

Charleston, April 6-Secretary
Daniels mo liquor" order does not
affect the Charleston yard as there is
no wine mess at the local station. Of
ficors there are quoted as approving
the order.
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1914-03-10

purpose but-ilavea found Syrup Pep
Bin the only one always. reliable. "A
bottle can be obtained at any drug
store for fifty cents or one dollar, the
latter size being bought by families
already familiar with its merits.
Syrup Pepsin is mild, pleasant
tasting and non-griping. Mothers
give 1t toftiny infants, and yet 1t Is
effect5Ts I'll :grownups. It Is for eye-
ryoae who suffers from any form OF
stomach liver or5bowel trouble. con-
atipation. dyspepsia, ilioltsl, ess, etc,
ITS action viii, 50 delight YOU that
you lwillsforeyer avoid harsh satharr
ties, pufgatiye,9pilfs salts. 4 I fE sis
Families Wishing to try a free
sample bottle can obtainsit postpaid
!!bySiaddresstng DR. ". u. Caldwell,
I41s Washington ST., Manticello, nj.
I ~ postal card with your name and
address on itswinsdo.
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1914-03-10
'A0N TO OVERCOME
A BIl CONSTIPATION
There is a Mild Laxative That Will
Bring Safe and Pleasant Relief
Over Night.

~ n. ,l...t.. -. a. - ~,
= Only hatural that me slapl-
81 est OF ailments should be the most
general, and 50 we have whole ma
ton suffering from constipation and
indigestion, for they are closely all
sds But common as constipation " y
many people DC not seem to know ",
3 they have y. They will complain lli IN;
q headache aas' drowslness or bilious;
ness, al pneiPn l h Of The cause cay q
9'he trouble f1!''teE s5s ia 4.. 4
oa shoala 81 nave aye full and tffr'e res.
movement men at least once a day II II,
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1914-03-10
THE HIPP0DROME.

..'The aiaseos which IS the bill for
thhs last 1lIla ll;, Of this week, is the most
pretentious offering ever put on tls
ifIippodfons stage, The piess enjoy
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1914-03-10
In Favor Of Postum

ass4. IL have used Postum in my family for
,l years !. with the. most satisfactory result
$50 much 50 that we have practically abol-4
aiaished coffee, and with If the. coffee head
aches, nervousness e! land lying awake The,
best part Of Of the, night a 4
~ drink Postum every morning, andrea
ommead it to my friends who have nerves.
and indigestion
No more coffee for me. ] am using In
slant Postum and advise my patients to do 4
likewise. Iprefer it to the best coffee, and.
! have no more sour stomach attacks as
used to- IS.
For years ] have been using Postum in
the family and advocating It for my
patients. | consider it TO be exactly what
its manufacturers claim for il. Postum is
excellent in place Of coffee where the lat
teri eontraindicated The food value Of
Postum plays an important part when com.
pared with coffee" 4
Have had many cases that could not
drink coffee on account Of It's reflex action
;'ison the heart Postum always supplies the
place of coffee without the bad effects 2 -,
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1914-03-10
Get What Then
Blarg ain For
CLOSE BUYERS ALWAYssINVEsTr.
GATE BEFORE THEYiMAKE
PURCHASES.
PURCHASES,

Without regard for the claims that
may be made for IN article, shrewd
buyers ask the privilege OF examina-.
ticn. The West ytrginian belieyes!
that this should always be granted,
and accordingly it invites its readers!
to call and carefully Investigate its.
great song book offer which is set
forth in another, column of this is,
sue. 81
I During the last few! years there has
been revival Of the old songs. The
West yirginianl finds an; unusual In
tercst among its readers for Songs
That Never Grow Old. which is now
being distributed by this paper on
the popular coupon plan. This book
contains all the old favorftcs. and
readers are delighted to have such
an opportunity offered to them at this
time when there is such a widespread
demand for the old songs: Thissyol-
ume comes In two distinct styles OF
binding, cloth and art bristol, but the
contents are the same in both styles,
including portraits OF great vocal ar
lists, someiof ;whom;h have been instru-
mental in popularizing many Of the
best known;old songs:
Taken all together,yit is a rare col.
lection, and q large number Of hooks
distributed prove that ,our, readers
highly appreciate the offer. In FAM
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1914-03-10

State % Ohio City OF Toledo. Lucas County. ~.
Frank J. Cheney makes oath TIM Il hi, Is senior
EatsnSr Of tls firm e r. ]. Chraey 8 Co.! do:
State aforesaid, mud that said firm will nay
the sum or ONE HUNDRED nOII.AiiS fCr
each and every ease OF Catarrh that cannot be
cured BY the use OF Halls Catarrh Cure. :,
4 FRANK ]. CHENEY.
y Sworn to before ne and subscribed In my
presence, this 9Th day Of December. 4. n, 1850,
4 Seal. A. ". GLEASON,
81 btss Notary Public.
Iial's CatSrrh Cure Is taken internally and
nctS directly upon the blood and mucous sur.
faces OF the system. Send for testimonials,
F. ]. CHENEY. & CO.. Toledo, o.
Sold by all Druggists. Tic.
gasc Halls Family Pits iur constipation.
5nih;i1a 54ua lHuilGI 'g'i
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1914-03-10

led deservedly tremendous popular
itySo years ago and has been reSiveu
with success from time to time since.
1t was as Prince Lorenzo in the Mas
cot that Frank Deshon scored his
first decidedesuccess. The Mascot no
less than the old Gilbert & Sullivan
c6mie opefas 10 demonstrates to the
youth Of today how much better their.
parents taste for good comedy and
goodsmasic amtSedpW served their
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1914-03-10
ROW SHOWING an THE H1pPoDR0ME.3

day when these We're new than are
their children with the present day
too often inahe and none too tuneful
so-callsd musical comedy. The nett
st. John company which viii present
the Mascot has been carefully chosen
end has mot with an enthusiastic re-
ception on its present tour. Gwenn
JacqucI as Princess Fllametta. and Bill
lysJy Clark dis her father, Prince Le-
.rsnzo, are billed as the chief indiyid-
Slil at ohs In tite cast, '
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1914-03-10
Overwhelming Verdict

emahn
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1914-03-10

- "0ur9 family, have been users of Postum,
for long time. We were very Liberal,
~offee drinkers, but were conscious that
coffee was harming us-our nervous sys-
TEN, digestion and heart action-so we
quit the coffee and began using Postum.
Now we relish it far more than we did
soffee, and are all relieved Of the old coffee
troubles. As physician have induced
several families to quit coffee and use
Postum"
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1914-03-10

Postum has been used in my family
nearly every since it was placed on the
market and ! recommend it to my patients.
It is liourishing drink. A great many
families are giving their children Postum
in place of coffee with best of results"
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1914-03-10

other column of this issue will be
found a song book coupon which ex-
plains the entire proposition. Clip
the coupon from this issue and pre-
sent it today with five others:
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1914-03-10

~ have discarded coffee altogether in
my family, and instead use Postum which
we find makes a rich. delicious. drink,
without any of the deleterious effects at
tendant ON the continuous use Of Coffee !.
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1914-03-10


u have used Postum for the past eight
years 81 place Of coffee. Before that I
was troubled with frequent bilious head
aches due toeexcessive use of coffee and
z was then advised to use Postum. Since
that time ! have mot had q single attack
which effect ] attribute entirely to Post
nm. I frequently recommend Il to others
who experience equally graft flying results"
Hardly q week goes by that do not
advise some patient with an irritable, acid
stomach and nervous heart to stop at once
the use of all cotfeesand lake up the use of
Postum, and always with good results, $
~ am satisfedf that coffee is responsible
in q great degree for the premature break
,downgef our active men and women. They
spffersfgor tSesRe poisoning. OF the
truth OF this there is not the shadow of
doubt. Our common sense teils,us that the
daily sYallowing Of ine-oyer-stimu
fsting as heart and ain-will be fol-
lowed by nervous dspre ssion, and finally by
more or less disastrous results. believe
If people in general WSlld use Postum as
beverage in place Of coffee aud tea their
mental end physical condition you'd be
much improved.
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1914-03-10

Tho facts OF this report Indicate
that therei need Tor an awakcnlnk
upon poi The part Of some churches.
Imperial Valley press., 1914-02-06
Realty Transfers
Reported daily by the Peoples Abb
stract and Title Company:

February A, 1914.
J. M. Kahriman, single, and VIM
Kahriman and Victoria Y. Kahriman
his wife, to Chas. c. K. Cabanski: lot
12, block 85, Imperial.
F. B. Fuller, WidoWer, to Carolyn
P. Barnum: lots and 4, block 20
Heber; map No. 1921
F. Ronaud, unmarried, to E. Z. An
derson: lot 8, block Sc, Calexico.
February 3, 1914.
James B. Laughrin and Mary Eta
Laughrin, his wife to Hubert w. Cop
pock, bachelor: all of S1a tr. 37-13-13
40 acres, subject to right of way for
bitches and canals now of record; sub
ject to mortgage Of $25OO and one of
$500.
Ell Centre Land Company, a corpo-
ration, to c. L. Waggoner, lot II,
block 49, Ell Centre.
Ell Centre Land Company, a corpo-
ration, to w. L. Woodnutt: commenc-
ing at Sc corner of lot II, block II,
Ell Centre, running w on S side 100
feet, thence N $50 feet, thence Z,
alongside line Of lot to alley;
thence westerly to beginning.