davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1914-11-12

the sixth grade to the seventh grade.
and transfer from the Bradley, School
to the Smallwood School. eighth divi-
sion; Miss NJ. NJ. Carraher. from the
fifth grade to the sixth grade, and
transfer from the Amidon School to
the Smallwood School. eighth division ::
Miss NJ. c. Henry. teacher of domestic
science in the graded schools, from
class to class salary: Miss Nj.
+. Stallings, from third grade to fourth
grade. and transfer from Smallwood
School: Mrs. NJ. G. Slarrow. from the
fifth grade to the eighth grade; Miss
to the fifth grade: MIS-. Frances T..
Raymond. caretaker. from the Love
joy School to Cooking School at '31
11th street northeast; Miss =. c. Flaeg.
from teacher of first grade. and trans
fer from Rurrville School. twelfth di-
vision. to Fort Slocum School eleventh
division.
designations.
designations were accepted as fol-
lows:
Miss A. r. Lawson. teacher of third
grade. Wheatley School. sixth division :
Miss l.. A. Bentley, teacher of eighth
grade. Morse School. and principal ];
Miss l.. NJ. brennan, night school teach
or of typewriting in Business night
school: Miss D. NJ. pearce. kindergar-
ten principal. idEiOf ScnOOl. SlXtn uiNi-
sion: Paul Fiuckel. teacher in Thorn
son night school.
Schools Opened and Closed.
The following schools were opened:
Sixth grade. Snrallw ood School. eighth
division. to talse effect on and after
November 2: night class in cooking at
Wisconsin Avenue Manual Training
School, to take effect on and after No
vember .: kindergarten class, S. J.
Bowen School, eighth division, to take
effect on and after November 2: a first
grade at Burrville School, twelfth divi-
sion to take effect on and after Novem-
ber 4.
The following schools were closed
Sixth grade, S. j. Bowen School, eighth
division, to take effect from and after
October 81; a second grade at Briggs
School, tenth division, to take effect on
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1914-10-18

of England some might suppose that
1t Is excessive. and that Great Britain
in maintaining such a formidable ar
ray Of battleships is unnecessarily
burdening her taxpayers. Yet AZ a
matter OF fact England's navy merely
measures up to the requirements
placed upon 1t, for 1t only binds to-
gether and keeps intact that vast az
gregation of countries and peoples
known as the British Empire. = do
main upon which the sun never sets.
England's big navy Is to that coun-
try as the monster army the Kaiser
maintains Is to Germany. Each serves.
or has served, its purpose--that Of
keeping hostile nation from invad-
ing Its SOIL But Just now the heel
of Russia Is leaving a deep impress
sion on German territory, and before
long the armies OF the Allies may
have crossed the frontier and Joined
issue with the forces OF the Taar. But
the English navy serves still another
purpose. She has q wide range Of
sea to guard In order to assure her
ships OF commerce absolute security.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1914-10-18

ships: two armored cruisers: five
cruisers: eighteen destroyers; thirty
nine torpedo boats, and six subma-
rines. Her tonnage is 221,526.
From the above 1t can be seen that
the Triple Entente has s64 war ves-
sells OF all classes with total tom
mage Of 3,1s6.o5l tons, while the Dual
Alliance has but 324 war ships. whose
tonnage Is but 1.150,23s tons. The
Triple Entente, 1t can be seen. simply
oyerwhelms the enemy.
While the Kaiser. until recently.
boasted OF the greatest army organi-
ration ever placed In the held. he
made a bold bid for naval supremacy,
but England has ever had the best of
every nation in the world in this re-
spect. Her claim to rule the seas has
In large measure been sustained
since the outbreak of hostillties.
Most certainly transatlantic traffic
has suffered to a small degree. and
those vessels floating the Union Jack
have come and gone at will, seemingly
with little or no interference.
After reviewing the naval strength
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1914-10-18

tive gas balloons. each charged with
sufficient quantity OF explosive to
destroy any aeroplane or dirigible
with which 1t comes In contact. to-
gether with number of box kites.
each provided with tail of malleable
wire, or other material nicely designed
to foul the propellers of any type of
engine propelled air craft and inevi-
tably to bring it to earth. Great num-
bers of the gas balloons, floating at
varying altitude, would be required.
but their cost is trifing and their
worth of inestimable value. 1t is now
said that these devices have been
adopted and are in use In Paris, Ant
werp, London and other cities within
the war zone which are fearful of a
raid by the dreaded Zeppelins of the
Kaiser.
Germany Uses Air Bombs.
Much has been heard OF German
bomb designed for use from the air
which weighs twenty pounds and Is
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1914-10-18

charged with four pounds of trtnitro-
toluol and $40 steel balls. To guard
against mishaps it has a safety catch
so that 1t will not explode until fall
OF at least two hundred feet allows
a revolving vane 10 unscrew the safety
catch and bring the firing pin in con-
tact with the explosive. A slight touch
Will then set off the bomb. Another
German bomb Is charged with $50
pounds of chemical which upon ex-
ploding fills the air with gases 30
poisonous that every living thing with
in radius of one hundred yards will
be killed. and the influence Of this
gas extends to a lesser degree for q
much greater distance. Still another
OF these bombs for the use Of aero
planists and airships releases q tre-
mendous amount Of dense smoke.
thereby creating Blanket between
the airship and the earth, thus en-
abling aerBpianist to make his escape
before the soldiers below can locate
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1914-10-18

paves the way for the heavier guns to
get into action and the real conflict
begins. The work of these aerial
range finders Is especially valuable at
night, for by dropping rockets over
the camp Of an enemy the gunners at
tached to the opposing army soon get
busy and the battle is renewed with
just as telling effect IN the surround
ing gloom and darkness as II could
have been done at high noon.
Especial attention has been paid by
scientists In general, and aviators IN
particular, to the claim of the sub
marine expert OF the United States
navy who asserts that 1t is just as pos
sible to mime the air" against a pos
s4ole attack by airships as II is 10
mine the sea against a hostile fleet OF
submarines. The defense proposed
which would be analogous to the min
ing of marine approaches to impor-
tant ports. consists OF sending aloft
each evening large number of cap
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1914-10-18
2oS,35o tons.

20S,35o tons.
France has four dreadnoughts;
eighteen e-dreadnoughts; one coast
defense ship: twenty armored cruisers;
nine cruisers; eighty-four destroyers:
1875 torpedo boats. and sixty-four sub
marines. Frances total tonnage is
6SS,s40.
The Tsar's navy Is composed OF
seven pre- dreadnoughts; two coast de-
Tense ships; six armored cruisers: nine
cruisers; ninety-one destroyers: four
teen torpedo boats and thirty subma-
rines Its total tonnage Is 270.S61.
England's Power Exceeds Both.
The combined navies of Germany
and Austria do not approach in tom
mage or effectiveness that OF England
as the following will prove. Germany
has sixteen dreadnoughts; twenty
pfe-dreadneughts; two coast defense
ships: nine armored cruisers; forty
one cruisers. 1870 destroyers; no tor
pedo boats and twenty-one suhma-
rines. Germany's tonnage to 92S.713.
Austria has three dreadnoughts; six
| nre- six coast defense
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1914-10-18
and we'll 1t has served its purpose.
Rumors or Battles Nearby.

In the present war many merchant
men have been stopped in mid-ocean.
their masters and crews subjected to
a griiling and, In some instances. sub
jected to many indignities. II indeed
the ships were not seized as prizes of
war.
The English cruisers are the fastest
af1oat, barring those OF the United
States navy AS scouts they have done
many marvel when reading Of the
presence of one of these cruisers in
the waters just of Sandy Hook today
to learn that a few hours later It has
appeared of the, Virginia Capes in
pursuit OF a German foe. None of
England's big fighting machines has
been reported on this side Of the water
80 far, all the dreadnoughts being
concentrated In the North Sea, where
they are playing = cat and mouse
game with the navy Of the Kaiser.
Although the war has only begun,
the German feet has been forced out
of the North Sea into the shelter OF
the Baltic and home ports Not only
this, but the German cruisers have
been driven from the beaten trade
routes until they have ceased to men,
ace the shipping Of England. France
and Russia SO far the Kaiser's navy
has played q small and insignificant
part in the war. but they will prob-
ably give . good account OF them
selves when real battle takes place.
France And Austria.
To say that Emperor William was
stupefied by the coup that Lord Kltch-
ensr. ~ Secretary for War for Eng
land. played in bringing hosts Of Rus.
sian soldiers from Archangel and land
ing them on British soil from whence
they were transported to France and
Belgium, but mildly expresses It. Eng
lands magnificent transport service
made this coup possible, and while tho
army gets the credit for 1t. neverthe-
less 1t was the naval supremacy Of
the British Empire that made 20 bold
q stroke possible and successful.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1914-10-18
Death Dealing Devices
Operated On Land, In the
Air, On the Seas and Un-
der the Waters Thereof,
All Devised AT A Time
When the World elieved
ltselfOn the Threshold of
Universal Peace.
BY \. II. pARkHERsT, JR.

ZOE a : ecade or more men or at
~ the more civilized ana euhght.
ened nations have heeu vHliAnl,y
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1914-10-18
IReIzXe &ZEIZ0Z@ A~s222reo-IGSGo5
@lae 6eL2IA2 Ar02K

named because the first experiments
This British expert lately said that 20
lethal In its effect IL the new shell on
explosion that should its use become
widespread, whole armies and, indeed.
entire nations could be exterminated
In the course Of a few weeks.
M. Turpin is not only remarkable
man, but a very resourceful one, and
one who can nurse grievance as wen
as the next. He considered that he
had been deeply wronged in connec-
ton with his discovery of lyddite and
melinite. and he then and there as
serted that when he completed his ex-
periments with a new force which
would be capable OF killing an en-
tire army In It's tracks" he would take
due care that none penetrated his Sc
cret. Apparently he has succeeded
for there are only few of these guns
In existence and they are manned by
men chosen by NJ Turptn.
Germany Not Backward.
But Germany has not been lacking
in new devices with which to attack
her foes There are many guns OF
new tyres and patterns that have
wrought havoc In the ranks Of Eng
fish, French and Russians. One Of
these guns which the French are
much exercised about. hurls highly
explosive missile which. upon burst.
ing. sends out a shower OF bullets ane
other projectfies IN every direction.
single shot from one Of these gums
has been known to wipe out an entire
company of infantry.
The new type OF torpedo In use ~
the German navy has already provst
Its deadiiness. Five of Engiand's war
ships have been sent To the bottom
by these death dealing engines Those
who SIT quietly at home and await
tidings from the front are now pre-
pared for the worst. for already their
eyes have been opened to the horrors
OF warfare as carried on In this age
when civilization Is supposed TO have
reached it's highest stage. Science Is
playing her part and SO far thousands
upon thousands OF lives have been
sacrificed upon her altar. And such -
the havoc wrought by the newest en-
gines of death which were being de-
vised when all the world believed II
self TO be on the threshold of an era
of universal peace.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1914-10-18
Relative Strength of the Battle Fleets ofthe Nations
AtWar One of the Most Interesting Problems
ofthe Confagration Now CONFUSING Europe
BY a. II. pARkHuRsT, JR.

91 HfLF the reading public. the
world over, has been scan
ming the daily reports from
!" the European war zone and
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1914-10-18

~OE a decade or more men or az
the more civilized ana euhEht,
ened nations have heeu ValIAuiiy
struggling 70 establish an In
tsrnational Peace Ger gross whereby
all conflicts might be avoided. and DIS
putes arising between the b'g and lit
tie powers OF the world settled by ar
hitrntion and other humane methods.
Millions 81 dollars were spent IN an
sffort 10 make 'a{s ttop3ap dream a
reality and. perhaps. the Laird Of
skibo, Mr. Andrew Carnegie contrib
ord more literally Ia this fund than
any other individual When the cf-
forts Of this Peace Congress appeared
20 be on the very threshold ~ realiya-
Sion war was declared. and !'s sue
eeedsng events have staggered and
sickened humanity.
Yet while these plans for world
vide pacHcstton were under way
scientists IN all parts Of The universe
we're working feverishlv 10 perfect
scores OF ingenious and devilish de-
vices TO add 10 the terrors and hor-
rors Of war. each striving to outdo the
ether IN puttIng forth some Invention
70 open huge gaps IN the ranks ~ the
enemy and leave Hpon the field Of
battle hundreds and thousands Of
brave and loyal soldiers cold I'm death
their weapons useless and crnulpled
at their sides. Science has kept apace
with miiitarism. az tho new engines
of death that have wrought such havoc
In this mighty war attest
New Death Dealing Devices.
teriiabiy this is war that Is being
waged on EARTH In the air, on the
sea and beneath the waters thereof
Huge se!ge guns that are capable OF
hurting mighty projectiles many miles
with deadly effect. other guns thai
project shells loaded with deadly and
uauseous gases whose spreading
fumes leave death aud ruin in Their
wake, airships that drop bombs ant
poisoned arrows upon The heads OF
an nnsuspectlng enemy; submarines
that dart under the surface of the sea
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1914-10-18
him and check his flight with bullets.
Kills Whole Rogimenta.

But OF all the remarkable tales of
the engines OF death that are being
made to take part in this war Of ex-
termination mono equals those bearing
on the new guns the French are using
to project turpinite, substance said
to produce instant and painless death
for everything within its reach. Eng
fish correspondents have reported that
entire lines Of German soldiers have
been seen standing shoulder to shout
der in the trenches, yet every man in
the line from one end of the trench
to the other was stark dead. When
these reports first filtered through the
censored channels those at home mar
veled and were prone to regard them
as inventions pure. and simple. Yet
from distant points reports similar In
every particular would come through
until there was little room left for
doubt, the confederation and substan-
,iation being beyond dispute.
This deadly gas was INST generated
in the Battle OF the Marne. and army
surgeons who examined the bodies Of
the victims declared that those affect
ed had been instantly paralyzed and
died in their tracks. The French gun
that hurled the shells from which this
gas escaped Is still shrouded in the
deepest mystery. Experts, It ia said.
are required to operate the gun, whose
mechanism is as much a secret as
turpinite itself. Army experts are at
work now trying to ascertain II tur-
pinite will lend itself as readily for
use in aeroplanes as 1t has In land
batteries. IT is known that lyddite Is
readily available for use in aeropianes
and Zeppelins. and as the latter are
capable of carrying guns of high
power. 1t is easily conceivable that
they may yet be equipped with the
gun which discharges the turpinite
fumes. But France Is guarding her
secret xealously. and there IL little
likelihood of Germany being able to
acquire either the guns that huri the
gas or the chemical itself.
Gas A "Helr' Producer.
Turptnite has been characterised by
= British expert In ordnance A. q gen.
uine hell" producer. The inventor is
NJ. Turpin. the originator Of melinite
and lyddite. which latter Is merely so
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1914-10-18

aud send forth torpedoes thai upon
coming IN contact with the submerged
sides of battleships, blow them into
atoms and send Into eternity the on
Gers and jackies that man Thorn. ara
armared. high powered automobiles
that dart IN and around the enemies
lines. are few OF the devices that
have aided IN bringing the death rul.
- this titanic struggle 20 hitherto m
heard Of figures. Wars ~ cid were
struggles where Drawn and muscle
counted. The war now being wagcd
- enc IN which brain and satanic cum
ming triumph. And as horrifyinr rs
Il has been 50 far, many believe that
the real conflict has scarcely begun.
where will it end That is the cues
ton that copYulses every non-com-
bataatt
Airships As Range Finders.
Hardly a day passes that the news
papers do not 'deVols liberal space
10 the activities Of the air fleets.
Either hostile acroplanes meet in a
duel to the death miles abeve the
earth'e surface. or else some intrepid
flyer scars over the euemys lines.
dropping bombs here and there and
otherwise leaving death and destruc-
ZION beneath him. While the air pilots
have succeeded in killing many Of the
enemy in this way. there are other
uses TO which the aeroplanes have
been put that is far more effective.
The arships attached to the
Kaiser's forces have done valiant serv-
ice as range finders. They soar over
the lines OF an eutrenched army and
when directly above that portion
where the IRE Is to be concentrated,
the pilots signal the opposing range
finders and in less time than II takes
to tell II the masked batteries belch
ont their hail of she'll and shrapnel
and the range thus established but
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1914-10-18

The French navy has been assigned
the task OF safeguarding the interests
OF the Triple Entente In the Mediter-
ranean. As Austria has small bur
formidable dreadnought and semi
dreadnought feet. 1t Is more than like
ly that the entire first fighting line OF
the French navy will be concentrated
in these waters in an effort to reduce
and capture the Austrian naval bases.
This done, France will be at liberty
to Join issue with England in an eff
fort to annihilate the German war
ships and capture or destroy the naval
ports on the North Sea and In ths
Baltic.
OF all the nations engaged In tns
present war, Russia alone seems ~
state OF unpreparedness as far ~ hs'
navy Is concerned. The Tsar haS >
great navy in the making. but the TO-
cent war declaration came 30 Close ="
the heels Of the Russo-Japanese Gun
fiict that the Little White TsA1 "0s
caught with only small poTuon
the ships that he had tntehoeo =.
have constructed In order 10 orlns NJ
fleets to their full nghting stienx,n'
II was only four years ago tnAe ~
started to reconstruct his snetteI.u
navy. and so far he has mace rap'o
progress. but it does not compare Win
those OF the other powers war;
What he lacks in strength anoat' now
ever. has moro than been onset oy
the splendidly organised army No mas
sent afield. II the reconstruction OF
the navy IL ~ complete and thorough
as that OF the army. he viii vet have
a navy worth consideration.
Japan a Big Aid 10 AIfiss.
The entrance Of Japan into the con-
fiict greatly aided the powers com.
posing the Triple Entente - Tar ~
the Far East - concerned. Had not
Japan taken sides with England much
Of this aghting strength Of the English
and French naviss would have been
reduced In the waters they are now
operating In. II would have been
necessary 70 send many ships to thS
Far East, there to safeguard their -
specttvs intarastA
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1914-10-18

after marching with marvellous speed
10 the very gates of the gay French
capital. she Will retreat TO her own
soil, there battle against the onrush-
ing Russians and the pursuing Allies
until such ume as some nation, the
United States possibly, in the role OF
mediator. viii be given heed and the
war brought to a close.
Their Relative Strength.
To show the relative strength OF
the Dual Alliance and the Triple En-
tents is more or less difficult, due to
the complete separation OF the Ger
man and Austrian fleets, the former
having retired 10 the Baltic. and the
latter to the northern end Of the Ad-
riatie, thereby greatly weakening the
situation as far as the Dual Alliance
is concerned. The interposition OF the
English and French fleets, between the
widely separated forces OF the enemy.
enables them to deal with the German
and Austrian fleets in detail and thus
concentrate their own forces in over
whelming superiority for united ac-
ton.
When war was declared the coun-
tries involved had their respective ma
vies UP TO that standard each deemed
adequate. England, of course. leads
al! others In the matter OF ships afioat.
tonnage, armament and guns capable
OF hurting the heaviest and deadliest
protectiles. To take these navies,
country by country, best shows what
might be expected in the event OF a
concerted naval action.
England has thirty-one dread
thoughts; forty pre-Greadnoughts:
thirty-four armored cruisers; seventy
four cruisers; ls7 destroyers: forty
nine torpedo boats and seventy five
-''hnes rinAA- Hsr total tonnage In g.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1914-10-18

Hft-E the reading public, the
world over, has been scan
ming the daily reports from
!" the European war zone and
following each move OF the land forces
with burning Interest, yet one and all
are eagerly awaiting news OF a clash
between the mighty fleets. thereby an
swering once and for all that time
honored claim, "Britania Rules the
Seas ?"
30 far there has been nothing to
gainsay THE boast. Most certainly
Emperor William entertalns most
wholesome respect for Englands sea
proves. inasmuch AS he has discreet
~ kept the German fleet safely ont
OF harms way Securely entrenched
behind the mighty guns that bristie
from the almost inpregnable fort flea
tons surrounding the Kiel Canal, the
kaiser's ships have not ventured far
enough Into the open 10 permit of a
general engagement II them by Eng
land. There ihave been several little
Ekirnalshes in the North Sea, but they
could not be clasSed as general ma
val battle, In all Of these, II the
MeaSre reports pertaining TO them
are to be believed, England came off
victorious, sending 10 the bottom those
Of the kaSser's ships she was able to
get within range OF.
Just what part these navies OF the
opposing powers will play In the pres
4 Gnt war IL predetermined Many be-
iieve there Will yet be a general and
HtAFsie engagement in wfaiei, millions
- a Afy.
~ type will be crumpied and sen,
- the bottom by the gums OF the VIC
pgtcrs There are others who firmly
cling to the belief that since Ger
4sssAsS faia<-d 80 gignaily IN sSb~ pArta
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1914-12-03
CHEESE STRAWS
~ cupfuls flour
1 teaspoonful salt
"a cupful crisco
4 tablespoonful wa

gr il lie dry hgd
Ind 81 oe The cal Hc spreading
II wi a rHedf tcrsp cut off
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1914-02-23
Unekpe cted Gift.

lie was Il shy young man, but in his
heart there ragged consuming passion
for the fair Florence On his way
home from the city he managed tC
screw his courage up sufficiently to
enter q jewelers. shop and purchase a
small gift for the lady of his heart.
This. he hoped would pave the way
to the popping of the great question.
That night he called at her house
and found her alone. Producing q
small, square box from his pocket, he
said nervously
q have ventured to bring you
small present, Miss Finn, but l an
afraid that perhaps it will not fit you
finger. VIII you try it on?"
"Oh. dear" said the girl blushin
most becomingly. this is quite uneA
pected! Why, never dreamed tina
/ you really cared enough"
Poor fool. Instead of grasplng tn
opportunity in both hands, he opene
the box and produced a thimble! The
the thermometer dropped about te
degrees.