Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1914-03-24

Volcanoes Research Association. in
vestigating the recent eruption of Sa.
kurajima at Kagoshima, Japan, makes
detailed report to the organization
and attributes the fact that the loss
Of life was not much larger to the
fact that scientists have had frequent
warnings that the eruption was threat
ened and had been afforded an oppor-
tunity of taking precautionary steps.
| DR.. Jaggar states, in his letter, that
( he expects to return to Honolulu, &C
companied by Dr. Perret some time in
April. ..... H.. r.
DR.. Jaggar's report, in part. reads:
AS to the eruption of Sakura lima,
| it proves TO be an epoch-making event
/ in Japan and this expedition was am
ply justified. / am glad to hear that
| Mr. Perret is coming, and l hone that
some gas chemist will come when the
more violent explosions now in pro-
gress have subsidized. .-...
The unusual feature of the eruption
| for Japan is the outflow of two floods
of a lava Of the composition of n.y.
| persthene andesite. II is not unusual
for this volcano, for the same thing
appears by the old records to- have
| happened at Sakurajima in 1879 and
] 1916. but there are few volcanoes like
| 1t in Japan, At the time Professor
Omori left, January 90, he estimated
ten square kilometers had poured out,
and the depth of the east flow in
places is not less than 500 feet, as it
fills a channel So fathons deep and is
piled 200 feet high above sea-level
The eruption was essentially We
suvian in quality. Premonitory were
eruptions of Kirishima, the next vol
cano 80. miles north, in June. Novem.
Der and December last, and an unusual
earthquake last July. The past year
has been excessively dry here. Doc
tor Friedlasuder published wrrning
in 1910 to the effect that an eruption
might be expected, heralded by strong
earthquakes.
| The phases of the eruption were:
/ Three hundred and seventy earth
quake shocks during some 81 hours,
January IL to the morning of January
r. On January IL at $3.50 a. m. curb
ed hot springs at Arimura, on the
south shore of Sakura jima, rose sud-
denly about three feet.
simultaneously with this gush Of
springs. white threads of vapor rose
above the southern summit crater. At
p. m. the previous day similar white
vapor had been seen.
AT 10 a. m. January u, an explo-
sion with black Hcauliflower" smoke
took place on the side of the volcano
towards Kagoshima, the west side, the
earliest photographs Indicating some
obliauity of the jet westward.
| About 10 minutes later, according
to the masters of vessels to the south,
who could see both sides of the noun
tain, similar column of black smoke
rose at the eastern base of the vol
1 eano. Isl
| At $3.50 D. m, January IL, strong
Earthquake shocks were felt at Ari.
,mura on the southeas, sf6re of the
island and this time was said by the
officers Of the Nishiki Maru to he the
elimination Of the western explosions
] There were tremendous reyivals that
j night at midnight and on the next
evening Q3th)ha marvellous fiery dis.
play, but this time was probably the
maximum explosive gas pressure be.
fore the lava rose to the craters. And
the southeast earthquakes of $50 p
m probably marked the wider opening
and rise of lava in the eastern vents
AT $50 p. M, January II, a strong
ard somewhat prolonged earthquake
shook Kagoshima, wrecked stone walls
and killed about 20 persons. Others
were wounded. The earth wave was
east to west, from the direction oil
i the volcano, north to south, walls
falling and east to west ones resisting
AT midnight, January IL. there was
a second special elimination of explo
sive activity with occasional Earrings
visible ineandescent blocks describing
trajactories upward and outward and
vanishing in their downward course to
the earth. In daylight they left trails
OF smoke. The east craters were not
carefully observed, as there were nc
i carefully observed, as there were nc
! Lightning was seen in the cauliflower
Jets, first stellar, then linear flashes
They were not seen to pass from
cloud to earth, or to the bay. Light
/ was 0CCu 11, 10, anu II
that of the 18th being more elongate
/ There was rain and local thunder
storms the evening of the 18TH.
The midnight crisis of January IL
may be attributed to the elimination
Ct free flow of gas liberated by the
lsva which had risen to the craters al
G:30 that evening.
ION January IL there were few
earthquakes and of no great strength
The crisis had passed.
| February l was the historic date
when Sakurajima ceased to be an isl
and and became a peninsula. The east
ern lava-flow had been coursing on
ward from January. Is presumably
balancing on the east side, the out
II Whooping Cough
/ gpi cM0nic cR0IIp ASTHMA COUGHS