davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1913-10-08
4 GRANGE MEETING.

The Jones Mill Grange met in re.
gular session at Grange hall on Sat-
urday last, full attendance Of the;
membership being feature. A sumps
tuous dinner was served to which fun
Justice was done by everyone pres.
ent. After the business meeting was
concluded, the members listened with
much pleasure to Capt. =. F. Merry
who delivered his lecture on Mexico.
The present crisis In the affairs Of
the little hotbed Of warfare added IN:
terest to the speakers them and he
was listened to with close attention.
The members Of the. Grange are.
grateful to, Capt. Merry for the oppor:
tunity Of hearing his scholarly lecture
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1913-10-08
PTOMAlNE POISONING.

Delaware furnished a mild sensa-
tion on Saturday, when the report
reached this city that four people
there had been stricken with pro.
maine poisoning as a result of eating
tainted food. Two physicians were
summoned to the little town and
administered to the victims, all OF
whom are now reported as rapidly
recovering. W. 5aa@E
The parties affected were Mrs. Geo.
ldsborough, proprietress Of the ho-
tel there; James Norris, liyeryman,
and Mr.. Hutchinson, station agent
for the Chicago, Milwaukee & St.
Paul railway, together with trav-
cling salesman, whose name we were
unable to ascertain. Mr.. Norris was
most seriously III, and his condition
remained alarming during the greater
part of Saturday and Sunday. Some
OF the symptoms developed by the
patients gave evidence Of ptomaine
poisoning, although other and more
conclusive ones failed to appear, and
there is possibility that the cases
may have been an epidemic Of in
testinal disorder. All Of the four
sufferers were stricken shortly
after partaking OF breakfast on Sat
urday morning, and none had partak-
en- Of anything other than their re-
gular diet. $S L. a. VI ;5g
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1913-10-08
UNITED BRETHREN PASTOR
NAMED.

Rev. Ray Busenbarrick. who ha.
been serving the United Brethren
church in this city during the past
few months, was appointed as pastor
OF the local church on Sunday by the
Iowa State Conference OF the United
Brethren in Christ, which closed its
fifth annual conference at Abba on
that day. The session, which was one
Of the largest in point Of attendance
ever held, terminated on Sunday with
the reading OF the list of appoint
ments by Bishop Fouts. Rev. Busen-
barrick has made profound FL i'm
preston upon the members OF the U,
B. congregation in this city, all of
whom are delighted that he is to be
sent here for the ensuing church
year. He is an earnest. Thoughtful
student and an eloquent pulpit ora
tor and great good cannot help but
result from his administration Of
the local pastorate.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1913-10-08
Hon. w. H. Norris went to '

Hon. w. H. Norris went to Wat
erloo Monday on legal business.
Greeley voted las. week on the
proposition to issue bonds for the
installation OF lights. those opposing
the proposition being victorious by
a majority Of 81 votes.
Rev. and Mrs. A. NJ. Billings'ey
returned Wednesday morning from a
visit, at Mt. Vernon with their daugh-
ter, Miss Ruth Billingsley, who is a
student at Cornell college.
Mrs. Mary Kelley is at 1ndepend-
ence this week, having gone there
to make the acquaintance Of new
granddaughter which was born to
Mr.. and Mrs. John Pinnick. Mrs.
Pinnick was formerly Miss Lillian
Kelley, and is we'll known here in
her former home.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1913-10-08
TWO WEDDINGS At PARSONAGE

TWO WEDDINGS At PARSONAGE.
4 Rev. j: Frank Moore, pastor Of
the First Congregational church Of
this city, officiated at two weddings
at the parsonage Of the church dur:
ing the past week. All Of the par
eies to the weddings were from out
side the city. ...
On Saturday Fred Knee and Miss
Gertrude Moreland, both prominent
young people Of Coles burg were unit
ed in the holy bonds OF wedlock, and
departed at once upon short honey
moon trip, after which they will
make, their home in Coleaburg. Mr..
Knee is a son OF Mr.. and Mrs. Chris
topher Knee and Miss Moreland a
daughter Of Mr.. and Mrs. J.. A. More
land. two Of the pioneer families Of
Colesburg.
On Monday Of this week Harry Per
~, son Of Mr.. and Mrs. VII. Perry,
and Miss Rose Combs, daughter OF
!. Mr.. and Mrs. John Combs, both OF
sEdgewood. were welded by Rev.. Mr..
Moore. They will reside in Edge
wood, where the groom Is employed
as a carpenter. .s "a
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1913-10-08
MoNAGHoN-kEHRLi.

FAmel Kehrli, son Of Alex Kehrlt Of
Ryan, and Miss Mary Monaghon, a
daughter OF Mrs. NJ. Monaghon Of
Robinson, were united in marriage at
the Golden Prairie church on We'd
nesday morning Of last week. The
young couple left Immediately after
the ceremony for a wedding trip to
go. and upon their return will re-
side on the groom's farm east Of
Ryan. Both parties to the marriage
are prominent in the communities in
which they live and will begin their
journey through life with the well
wishes of all who know them.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1913-10-08
Co. SUPERINTENDENT WEEDS

At st. oseph's church in Earlville
on Wednesday morning, OctoberstS g,
1913, at z O'Clock, occurred the wed:
ding OF Guy D. Ribble, of Manches-
ter, and Miss Genevieye Agnes Ca:
vanagh, OF Earlville. The wedding
ceremony was performed by Rev.
Father Henry Dunkel, in the presence
LOT large company Of relatives and
friends of the contracting parties.
Following the; wedding the entire
company repaired to the home Of the
brides parents, where sumptuous
nuptual repast was served at noon.
The church was beautifully decorated
and the ceremony was a solemn and
impressive one. itag -.l..
The groom is well known in Man
chester, where he has resided since
his election to the office Of county su;
perintendent Of schools in November
Of 1910. He Is "a son Of Mrs. Emma
Ribble Of Glidden, Iowa, and is "a
graduate of the State Normal school
at Cedar Falls and for five years pre-.
yious to his election as county 2su-i
perintendent served as principal Of
the Earlville5 schools. He was elect.
ed to office on the Democratic tick:
ct and his excellent business like ad-.
ministration Of the school affairs OF.
the county resulted In his reelection
last fall for a, second term. He is a.
thorough school nan, q gentleman OF
engaging personality and has made
many friends. over the county during
the time. he has been in office.
Miss Cayanagh is "a daughter of
Mr.. and Mrs. James Cavanagh, prom
inent residents OF Earlville. She was
born in Delaware county and has re-.
sided all her life in and near Earl
vile. She is a young lady Of great
personal charm, most amiable in
manner and greatly admired and re.
spected by all who know her She
will be given warm welcome among
the people OF this, city, where they
will make their home.
The Democrat extends heartiesh
congratulations and well-wishea to
Superintendent and Mrs: Ribble.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1913-10-08
DIR. FLEMING LECTURES.

DR.. T. e. Fleming, presiding; elder
of the MarshalltoWn district of the
NJ. E.: church, delivered a most inter
esting and instructive address at the
NJ. E. church in this city on Monday.
evening. The lecture was given
under the auspices Of the Mems
Brotherhood and was accorded lib
eral patronage. DR.. Fleming is a
most eloquent speaker and held his
audience in rapt attention to his dis
cussion Of a recent European trip.
DR.. and Mrs. Fleming are here as
guests Of their daughter, Mrs. A. M.
Cloud.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1913-10-08
SCHOOL I. soARp MEETING.

A regular session Of the school
board was held at the office Of Sec
retary NJ. j. Yoran, on Monday even.
ing, ana only q small volume OF busi.,s
ness was transacted. =
@ The usual quota Of monthly bills
were allowed after which the board
voted to give the scholars vacation
on Thursday afternoon and Friday
to allow them to attend the carni-
val now in progress.
ys Miss Marie Grimes. Of Colesburg,
was elected to position on the teach.
ing force Of the High school. Miss
Grimes has been assisting in the
High school for TIME and her good
work earned her the regular appoint
ment. & 3sas&
The board discussed the misunder-
standing which has 'ensued among a
number Of the grade teachers relative
to salaries. The statute provides that
all teachers must be paid certain,
sum per day according. to the grade
on their certificates All teachers have
contracts incorporating this provision
OF the law and upon presentation OF
their grades to Secretary Yoran will
be paid the amount due them, which
in some instances is considerable
more than their contracts call for.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1913-10-08
is located ranges in prices from $50
TO $50 an acre. according to the i'm
proyements on the land.
HOLD ANNUAL MEETING.

HOLD ANNUAL MEETING.
The annual meeting OF the Del
aware County Mutual Fire and Light
ming INSURANCE association was held
at the council rooms IN this city on;
Tuesday afternoon, only a small num-
sbers being in attendance. @5
The annual reports OF the secre-
,tary and treasurer were read and &C,
! ted, after which officers were
d for the ensuing year. as fol-
n. M. 3. Blair.
Vice .ent- j. Gates.
.Tsecreta zF. H. Munson.
TreasurerF. M. Burbridge.
The following statement OF the
companys' business for the past year
was reaad by the secretary:
Cancelled and expired during ~
past year. 145,745
Insurance in force septem-
Der 25, 1872 &. 49,. 81, ,466,64O
Written during past year 133,200
Insurance in force Septem-
Der; 525, 1913. ! ,154, ,O95
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1913-10-08
REAL ESTATE TRANSFERS.


III. Welterlen and VT ct al to
John D. Fischer. w E2-3 n "a q
ne Ia ne Ia, sec 3, Delaware
K township. .:..,..S.. IN
John a Dunlap and VT to J. -.
Dunlap. Undiv. II of undiv.
% Of S IL, ne Ia, ew Ia, sec
%, Union twp. 95
Isabel NJ Smith and hus at al to .6
Michael Schmock. Its 663-A and
664-A, Manchester .... 800
T. H. Kimball and W.T. to Mrs.
Sarah Carr. Lots 8 and 10, blk
S, Robinson, Iowa. .$.. zoo
T. H. Kimball and VT to julius
Gates. Lot IL, Blk. S, Robinson 15O
F. w. Clute and VT to Joseph 4.
and James E. Tracy. Lots II
and %, subdiv. Of N IL, NV
IA, sec 20, Elk twp. j. !. 4. 400
Sarah E. Allen to w. w. and
( Rhoda M. Williams. Part Of s
Sc IA, ne IA, sec. 8 Delaware Ets ,s3
tWp.. .... 4OV
Joseph Beckner and VT to Fred
Kruse. Ne cor. lot 1s. blk. 8, !.
Bakers Add to Greeley. 1900
Mary B. Heath ct al to Carl Meis-
ter. Part OF ne, ne, sec 20, Del
hi twp. ...... 5.. 40
Charity Thompson, a guardian, s Fl
I to W. B. Thompson. Undiv. %
W 1-2, NV, sec 21 and e 3-4,
sw, sw, and NV. sw, section
16 and E 1-2, ne, Sc, sec. II,
Union twp. go. !. ..3571.55
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1913-10-08

Misses Nina Carhart and Annette
Work, who have been travelling In the
interests of large eastern publishing
house, arrived in the city Saturday
for visit with their respective par
ents, Mr.. and Mrs. A. B. Carhart
and Mr.. and Mrs. w. D. Work
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1913-10-08
Mrs. Richard Condor was a guest
friends In Cedar Rapids last Fri

II friends In Cedar Rapids last Fri
day. u II
e. E. McCloud and 8. S. squires
of Ryan atteded the annual meeting
OF the Delaware County Mutual Fire
and lightning Insurance association
in this city on Tuesday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Charles Roberts,
who had been called here on account
Of the accidental drowning Of the
latter's brother, Perrie H. Mcintosh,
returned to their home at De Witt,
Iowa, Thursday morning. II
Claude Chapel. who has been em-
ployed as night clerk in the Fortney
hotel at Waverly, spent Sunday here
with friends. Mr.. Chapel has resign
ed his position at Waverly, and is
now employed in waterloo
Mrs. N. A. Simmons and daughte,
Miss Ruth OF Strawberry Point were
guests OF Mr. and Mrs George But
ters from Friday until Sunday. Mr.
Simmons drove here Sunday for a
few hours visit, his wife and !daugh-
ter returning home with him that
evening.
Mr.. and Mrs. George Lawman,
who had been the guests of relatives
and friends in this city, and other
nearby towns, for several weeks, left
last week for Lansing, Michigan, for
visit with relatives before going
to their home at Buffalo, New York.
Mrs. Charles Coll. and son Lester
Of Lane, South Dakota, are, guests of
Mrs. D. H. Malven. Mrs. Coll and
her son have spent three weeks here,
at Ryan and other nearby places. in
a pleasant visit with relatives and
friends She is a former Delaware
county girl, sister Of Mrs. Malven,
and her stay here has been greatly
enjoyed by her host OF friends. She
will return to her home the latter
part Of the week.
Z, Mrs. Fred Dudley, who has been
the guest of her mother, Mrs. E.
Tush, in this city, while her husband
was in the Mayo hospital at Roch-
ester, Minnesota, left for Webster CT
ty, where the family will make their
home. Mr.. and Mrs. Dudley had beer
living in Des Moines, but had
considered locating in this city. Not
being able to find suitable resi-
dence in Manchester Mr.. and Mrs
Dudley decided to make Webster
City their home.
Mrs. Andrew soesby OF this. city
and Mrs. John Powrs, who resides
southeast Of town, were summoned
by telephone late Saturday night te
the bedside Of their aged father, who
resides near Prairieburg and whose
long illness had suddenly become ex
ceedingly critical. The ladies' drove
the entire distance through the Sc
tvere storm of Saturday night, arriv
ing safely at their destination. The
aged man is reported as much i'm
proved at this writing.
I /. x = -"
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1913-10-08
APPOINTED DELEGATE.

AT a meeting OF the Carnegie IS
brary Board held on Wednesday even
ing Of last week, Miss Margaret Lind
say. librarian, was chosen as the
delegate to attend the meeting Of
the Iowa State Library association,
to be. held at Sioux City October
Is, IA and Is. Mrs. E. M. Carr was
taken into membership on the local
board at the meeting Of Wednesday.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1913-10-08
Y SO "a "a
EARlVillE,

INC haas purcnaSeQ the ~ acre
farm offered for sale at public uac-
ton last Saturday, by Thompson Lew.
is. His bid was $121.5O per acre. The
farm is well improved. M
Mr.. and Mrs. John, Klaus of La
Crosse, Wisconsin, visited at the
S. W. Klaus home last week.
Rev. C. W. Skinner of Coleman, S.
D., is the newly appointed pastor OF
the M E. church in this city. Rev.
H. w. Artman has been transferred
to Brandon, Iowa, in the Cedar Falls
district
Mrs. John Uppinghouse and Mr..
and Mrs. Dennis slattery Of Dubuque
were among those who attended the
funeral Of the late T. F.. Martin on
Friday. !. {.
Mrs. Carl Schroeder returned on
Saturday from two weeks visit at
Manchester.
Mr. and Mrs. VIM. swindell are
visiting in Chicago this week.
It is rumored that wedding bells
will be ringing ere long.
Phil Stevens, son of the late l..
D. Stevens, was shaking hands with
old friends in town last week. Phil
has just completed tour around the
world and is now located in Chicago.
John Wright Of Missoula, Montana,
is guest at the R. H. Lowe home
The Young Ladies society Of the
Congregational church were most
pleasantly entertained at the home Of
Miss Matte Binning 'on Saturday
evening.
The Ladies Aid society Of the Com
gregational church win hold their
annual fair and festival on October
25th. A large supply Of practical and
fancy articles are being made and
the usual chicken pie dinner and SUP
|per rswill be served Make your plans
to meet your old friends at this year
~ event. E ;.
The Ladies Of the NJ E. church at
Delhi will hold the annual bazaar and
dinner on Saturday, October 1s a.
goodly crowd from here is planning
to attend.
4 Thomas F. Martin, died at his home
in Dubuque on Wednesday, Septem.
Der "a, 1918, aged SO years. His death
was due to a stroke Of appoplexy sus.
tanned while. attending the harvest
carnival in this city on August 21st
Tom, as he was familiarly known in
this vicinity, was for many years a
resident Of Earlville. He was at
one time in partnership in the groc.
cry and creamery business with E. #.
Russell, under the firm name OF Rus:
sell & Martin. Later he became a
travelling salesman for wholesale to;
bacco houses in, Chicago and Dubuque
He leaves to mourn his demise his
wife and son Clarence and one sis.
ter, Mrs. Roger Hogan Of Colesburg.
Born in New York in 1860, he came
to Iowa in early boyhood and for
many years lived with his parents on
a farm in Northfork township. He
was a student at the State universi-
ty at Iowa City and later took up
the study OF medicine at Bellvue
Medical college at New York city.
Failing health compelled him to give
up his ambition to become a physici-
an and he engaged in other business
He was married to Miss Ada Healy Il
1883. For several years past he has
made his home in Dubuque, where
he was engaged in the real estate an
insurance business. The, funeral was
held from st. Joseph's Catholic church
in this city on Friday morning. In
terment was made in Fairvew ceme-
tery.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1913-10-08
CONGREGATIONAL.

The subject for Sabbath morning,
October 12: Real Dragons; or The
Things that Destroy Mems Souls.
Evening. The second of a series Of
Talks on ''The Religious Element in
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1913-10-08
HOMER DAVIS WEEDS.

Homer Davis, youngest son of MI.
and Mrs. John g. Davis, of Ii tie.
port, formerly residents of this city
where Mr.. Davis was engaged in the
real estate and loan business. was
united in marriage with Miss Vtna
White. also Of Littleport. The mar
riage ceremony was performed at the
Methodist Episcopal parsonage at
Edgewood. the Rev. James w. #. rner
officiating. The young couple went
at once to Littleprot. where they will
reside on farm. 81
The groom is well known in this
city. the place, OF his birth. He at
tended the public schools here and
was employed here until the removal
ot his parents to Littleport several
years ago. He is an Industrious young
man and well worthy Of the bride he
has chosen. Mrs. Davis, while un-
known to Manchester people, is sppk-s
en- Of as a most charming young
lady, a daughter Of Mr.. and Mrs. s.
White. old time resident of Little
port. }: " !.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1913-10-08
ST. Paul's.

r Sunday school at 2:3O and preach
ing by Rev. J. F. Moore, at $3.50 on
next Sabbath. ~
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1913-10-08

-. M. Burbridge Of Oneida was
a business caller in Manches ster Tues
day.
Senator E. G. Perkins Of Delhi
was here on legal business early in
the week.
Clark w. Howard. city. editor Of
the Springfield (Oregon) News. ar
rived in the city on Saturday for a
visit with relatives here.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1913-10-08
9iFsess : tN5sslrIS..,,
ONEIDA 7

Ii bs ONEIDA. %f 3SSsssss ~ 25 W.
Mrs. Elias Faust and Mrs. Frank
Faust attended the Ladies' Aid dim
ner at the church Thursday.
!: Mrs. J. D. Bushnell has returned
home from Manchester. N.
Al =. Cougar and son Lyle are
making some improvements to 81 the
basement Of the bank building
Several from here are planning to
attend the carnival at Manchester.
this week. }g3 Sy WI Ss
Born, to Mr.. and Mrs. A. B. Cock
ing, October, son. ,S:3
Frank Burbridge was a Manchester
visitor Saturday. 2$ III
4 Mrs. Role Of Oxford, Florida, IS visS
iting at the Chas. Lillibrdge home.
Gene Hulburt Of Manchester spent
the past week at his farm east Of !.
here. 4;
Mrs. Williams OF Manchester was
calling on friends here several days 4
last week. \ n ,s II II
w. A. Connell was calling on his
friends at Manchester Sunday.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1913-10-08
Mrs. H g. Pierce was . guest

"a MIS-. II. q. Pierce was q guest.
Of friends in Waterloo Saturday.
( John Clark OF Cedar Rapids
spent Sunday here with friends.
E. B. Porter OF Delhi transact
ed business In town on Tuesday.
III. L. Ram was a business visit
or in Chicago the first OF the week.
MIR; and Mrs. C. J.. Seeds vent
last week to Excelsior Springs, Mis-.
souri, s 81 VI
4 FLOYD Killing has accepted q posi-
tion in the local Gildner Bros. cloth
ing establishment. # III 3t st8
Miss Maude Graham and Miss,
Villa Richardson were Cedar Rapids
visitors Saturday. u. NJ. 1s
Mr.. and Mrs. w. F. Grossman.
had as their guest last week Mrs. F.
G. RuderS Of Chicago. /: s
-Lucius Uhl OF Ryan was a caller
upon his many Manchester friends
early in the week. "
Mrs. Frank Meyer OF Strawberry
Point spen. Sunday as the guest Of
Mr.. and Mrs. Frank Thompson.
Mr.. and Mrs. r. G. Norris Of
Strawberry Point spent Sunday, with
Mr.. and Mrs. Frank Thompson.
Miss Olive Thompson spent Sat
urday in Strawberry Point, the guest
OF her friend, Miss Minnie Hagge.
Miss Eva Kelley spent Sunday
in Independence. a guest at the home.
Of her sister, Mrs. John Pinnick.
sI DR.. H. A. Dittmer has a force Of I
workmen engaged in the: erection Of
a garage at the rear Of his home on
East Main street. e
Judge Geo. w. Dunham went to !.
Waterloo Monday morning, where he
is presiding over the circuit court h
of Blackhawk county.
John Purvis left Monday morn
ing for Waverly. where he has q J
large contract for lathing that will \
occupy a couple OF weeks Of his time.
Mrs. H. G. Haeberle and her
daughter, Mrs. L. L. sabin, Of Fort
Defiance, went to st. Paul Friday
for a visit with Mr.. and Mrs. Louis
Haeberle.
&, Joe Mccormick, city editor Of
the Evening Gazette at Cedar Rap
ids, was among the number from
that city who came to attend the
carnival today. .is,,s
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1913-10-08
BUSINESS !. b V; ) N MEMS I
CARNIVAL NOW ON.
CITY TAKES ON GALA ATTIRE
( AND PUTS ON BIGGEST EVENT
IN EASTERN IOWA.
FREE ATTRACTIONS ARE WONDERFUL
Streets Lined on All Sides With At
n ~. ~ n aa stfs
fractions and Amusement 4
s Booths. 5s5 s'

Il The second annual Business Men 8
Carnival is now going on and the
business streets OF the city are daily
visited by large crowds. Despite
the inauspicious opening day, when
until noon. rain threatened to put
. damper on the days program, i'm
mense crowds Of people have been
in attendance and the week promis-
es to be red-letter one in tthe CT
es to be a red-letter one in the ci-
TVS history. 5E
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1913-10-08
Methodist Episcopal.

Morning theme, Splr1tuaI Add1''
ton ss 4sss N; i9&.
Evening subject, The Great Discoy
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1913-10-08
Popular Lectures = & ...The Pulpit In
Modern Life" CDR. Newell Dwight
Hills.)

II Sunday morning subject. "a Mes
sage that Carries Death or Life. :,
Evening, Law and Grace Contrast
ed.'' q i3sl s.ss! 5ss3s. B ;0