davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Putnam patriot., 1913-07-11
Stores Having Half Holiday

Beginning today the followi ng stores will be closed during July and August that clerks may enjoy half holiday George k. Shaw Church Clothing
 Dr. F l.. Simpson Peoples Store
 pr. Harry Sharpe Importing Tea Co S. Diamond S. Lang
 Woolworth Co. Miss E. Tetreault stamp Store New Idea Store
 Dr. II. houghton Blar ehette Store W, Il. Thompson Miss x. Egau Miss ], San Souci T. retreault, Jr.
 The Emporium Dr II. C. Wright Chas. BuckminsterD. F. \. Mckvoy Miss A. Chabot C. NJ Elliott l.. k. Smith +. G. Wright Ballard X Clark \. C. Luke * Co. Light X Power Mouir and Gobeille l.. retreault ! N DoutV Charles MYron Ralph Smith St. 0nge X Eizotte John II. Gleason , David fiagg Miss Maria Flynn
 Miss l.. Al!ard Miss D. Breault r. N Lucier Charles Seder
 \. Bodo AleNanders Store Peter Gardner N T. Hurlbut
 George Rawley
 Arrangement has been made for ad ; mission Thursday afternoons to the office of Town Clerk David Flagg which is in his store and the under taking firms are to be ready for ser vice though their places of business will be closed.
 That their employers may not be the losers through the closing Thursday afternoons the clerks have requested that an effort be made by shoppers to visit the store during the morning hours on Thursday.
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1913-01-16
SUGAR BEET INDUSTRY.
Wages and Prices of Beets Much High.
er In the United States.

Wages and Prices Of Beets Much High.
er In the United States.
The difference between the condi-
tons under which beet sugar is produc-
ed in the United States and Europe Is
strikingly shown by a report just pub
llshed as a United States senate doc
ument. Summarizing III reports from
various European countries, this docu-
ment shows that G5 cents a day was
me highest rate earned by men work
ing in the European beet fields. while
4G cents was the average rate. In all
the European countries. however. the
greater part OF the field labor is done
by women and children at wages rang
ing from 10 cents a day for children
in Russia to 81; cents day for women
in Denmark To these poor laborers
the $500 a day, which represents the
average earnings Of field workers IN
ih. United States. must appear
t,rinccly income.
Among the factory workers engaged
n lect sugar production the difference
s equally striking. The men working
n the factories Of the great European
sugar making countries. France ana
Germany. receive an average daily
wage OF S4 cents. according to official
igures published by their own govern
ments. The average American wage
for employees in the beet sugar facto-
rics $3.50 :, day. is more than three
times as great.
Likewise the farmers who grow the
beets in Europe receive only 81 to
$3.50 a ton for their crops. although
they pay four to five times as much
rent for their lend IS the American
farmer does.
While these figures serve to show
why it is that Europe can produce sug-
ar cheaper than the United States. 1t
is an Interesting fact that the only
important country Of Europe where
the people are able to buy sugar
cheaper than in the United States Ia
England Even in England the price
paid for the sugar most generally used
Is as high rs the prices paid here. On
the whole the lot of an Iowa sugar
beet grower or worker must be cOnSid-
cred preferable to that OF his Euro
pean competitor.
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1913-01-16

AS a result the general manager Is
ready to say that Iowa can grow sugar
:beets as successfully as any state.
While these figures indicate the in
creasing popularity Of the sugar beet
a popularity which is still further
shown by the statement of the general
manager OF the plant at Waverly that
were the capacity Of his plant larger
he could easily contract for a greater
acreage OF beets-and while it is un.
doubtedly true that with settled condi.
tons affecting this industry more fac.
tories will spring up, the experience OF
Michigan In this field affords strik-
Ing and concrete example Of the posi-.
bi!ities of the sugar beet in Iowa.
Ten years ago the people Of the state
OF Michigan were paying e15.OOO,OOO q
year for sugar The sugar was grown
on plantations in the tropics, was re-
fined in the great trust refneries on
the Atlantic seaboard and was then
brought nearly thousand miles by
railroad to reach the domestic market.
Practically all Of the $15, coz. 600 went
oat Of Michigan and stayed out.
n To-day Michigan itself producea H1n
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1913-01-16
Root crop Every Fourth Year.

Few persons realize that large por-
ton of Germany is but a sandy plain
and her enormous crop yields due to
the fact that for each three acres Of
cereals grown her farmers raise one
acre OF hoed crops, thus producing
root crop on each field every fourth
year They grow sugar beets wher.
ever possible and are the greatest pro-
ducers Of this vegetable in the world.
SO thoroughly do they appreciate the
Influence Of root crop on the yield
Of other crops that in sections where
there are no factories to which they
can sell their sugar beets they grow
beets or other root crops and feed
them to stock. as they do IN Great
Britain. But where there are sugar
factories the farmers secure the double
advantage Of first selling the crop for
sugar and then hauling Its full feeding
value hack To the farm IN the residue.
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1913-01-16
EXPERT EXPLAINS
SUGAR Beet CULTURE
Tells Best Methods Of Secu.
ing Heavy Yields.

Among the general crops which are
grown in Iowa on large scale. the
sugar beet, if proper methods are used.
is undoubtedly the most profitable. tg-
Urcs which have been collected show
ing that in many eases where the
right sort of care has been taken the
crop has shown net profit as high
following outline as given by an eX.
pert. who has studied beet culture both
here and abroad. is of particular in
terest TO Iowa farmers.
The proper time for starting the
preparation Of the ground he says. lis
the late summer and fall. depending
upon the nature of the preceding crop
If this be small grain the stubble
should be plowed shallow. say three
inches. soon after the grain has been
of the stubble dispose of the weeds
before going to seed and stop germna.
ton Of weed seeds in the ground 1t
will give the ground the full benefit of
the rain water. which will soak down
instead of running Off as it does when
the surface is hard The loose condi-
ton Of the top soil allows moisture and
air to penetrate. greatly facilitating
that chemical action which renders the
fertiliZing materials in the soil availa
bic for the plants.
The blowing should be Immediately
followed by the harrow to make
dust mulch. which prevents evapora-
ton Of the moisture. 1t is advisable
to use the harrow after each rain that
is hard enough to pack the surface.
Late in the fall the ground should
I've p!owed as deep as possible. At this
time fresh or virgin sol: may be safely
turned up. as it will decay through the
action Of the snow and frost.
Land thus prepared should not tie
plowed again in the spring. Sugar
heets demand a deep piowed but firm.
~ packed seed bed. Surface cultiva-
ton just deep enough to make a good
seed bed should be started in the
spring as early as possible aud repeat
ed until seeding time. late April and
May. according to season.
I'm case the beets are to follow corn
the stalks must he removed. II the
stalks are cut low the roots can be
turned under by very deep blowing
and the use Of jointer attached to the
plow in place Of the Golfer"
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1913-01-16
Would Save S10O,OOO,O00
Yearly, Says Secretary Wilson,
SUGAR BETS The REMEDY,
We Could Raise Enough of Them In
One States, Declares the Secretary OF
Agriculture. to Supply the Needs OF
the Whole Nation.
BY JAMES WILSON,,
Secretary Of Agriculture.

One would think that we had enough
Sunshine and wind and rain in this
country for all our needs but at pres
ent we are paying out to foreign Ia"
1ious tho good round sum Of $1OO.OOO.-
600 each wear for these things. ms
amount slips away from us for our an
nual importations Of sugar WHICH
comes simply from the carbon dloxlde
of the atmosphere. There is no reason
why we should not save TINS amonnl
for our own people. our farmers ano
lahOrers. and so Oh. We could grow
enough sugar beets in single state 10
supply the needs OF the entire naCoh.
| hope some day we shall grow all inc
sugar we need right here ut home. hut
at present we are paying this enormous
sum each year to the cane producer III
the tropics. employing the cheapest Ia
Dor under a foreign flag
When ! first entered the raDlnet as
Secretary of Agriculture under fFesl-
dent Mckinley in 1897 ! bad been c"h-
nectpd with the Iowa State ASrlcui-
tural college for six years. ana oae
there we had made experiments Vhicn
taught us the great value Of the sugar
beet not only for its sugar, but as az
aid to the other crops and IN us py-
products as food for the stock.
We made experiments with all SORTS
Of root crops-potatoes. sugar beets'
1urnips. and so Onto ascertain WHICH
would be the most profitable Tor the
Iowa farmers and dairynlen. we had
O largo herd of dairy COWS. and we
tested these different vegetabies OH
the COWS to learn their effect in the
production Of milk and butter. we
found that we could not get good re-
suits from turnips, potatoes and CAB
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1913-01-16
Beet Pulp as Cattle Food.

In summarizing the important fea-
lures of sugar beet growing in various
parts of the country the Department
Of Agriculture calls attention to its
peculiar Importance to the middle
western states because Of the extent
to which stock feeding is followed as
an industry in this territory. Beet
puIp-that is. what remains Of the
beet after the sugar has been extract
ed-has been proved to be the finest
feed vet discovered for milk cows
and for fattening cattle, sheep and
other farm animals. This is true
whether the pulp is fed in its wet
state as it comes from the factory or
after being dried. A business Of about
$2,OOO0O0 year has grown up in the
sale of dried beet pulp. in which form
1t can be shipped to any. distance
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1913-01-16
PLANT THAT IMPROVES SOIL.
The Sugar Beet Increases Yield Of
Other Crops.

How sugar hects improve the fertll-
ity Of the soil and increase the Weld OF
all crops grown in rotation with them
is explain in the National Magazine
by Truman G. Palmer, who has spent
the past ten years in studying agricul-
tural methods in Europe and America.
The sugar beet being deep roOter,
says Mr.. Palmer "a prerequisite to it's
culture is that the soil be stirred to
depth of ten to fourteen inches. The
tender beetlet having to undergo the
shock of thinning soon after it comes
I'D in order to leave but one beet to
place. it demands a well prepared. mel
low seed bed. Gathering the sugar in
It's leaves from the atmosphere by the
aid Of the light and storing it up in the
roots. it will not thrive if the light is
cut off through being shaded by weeds.
and their eradication means not only a
ftrt her stirring Of the soil by cultiva-
ton and hoeing. but they are removed
before going to seed. thus leaving
NEEDLESS fields for succeeding crops.
Being plowed ont in autumn gives an
extra fall blowing. which leaves the
land in condition to absorb instead of
shed the fall and winter rains and store
up the moisture for the following sea
sons crop With the removal Of the
main root myriads Of fibrouS roots are
broken off and left in the soil to an
average of a ton to the acre. and in
rotting they not only deposit hnmus In
the lower strata Of soil but leave mi
nute channels through which it be-
comes aerated and hence fertile. The
roots Of subsequent crops follow these
interstices and draw nutrirnent from
two and three times the depth of soil
formerly reached. and hence the farm
ers double and treble their soil output
without increasing their acreage"
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1913-01-16
Experience Proves That State
Can Grow Beets as Well as
Any Member Of the Union.
Could Easily Produce All
Its Sugar at Home.

Sixty thousand tons Of Iowa sun
shine bringing to the farmers of the
state S. ton, or nearly third OF
million dollars altogether. will have
been manufactured into the finest sug-
ar and used upon the tables OF the
country before another spring rolls
around as the result Of the sugar beet
harvest for 1912, which has brought to
the farmers Of this state return per
acre far higher than that OF any other
general crop. True, Iowa at present
has only one beet sugar factory. and
thus at its maximum capacity can
turn out only about 10000 600 pounds
a year, one Fifteenth Of the states con
sumption of sugar. At present Iowa
consumes more than 10000 600 pounds
Of sugar annually, SO that for the re-
manning fourteen-ifteentbs it sends
out Of the state nearly $S,00o,000 a
year.
Careful investigation, however, has
shown that with proper encourage
ment for this industry. Iowa is amply
able to produce all her own sugar,
thus not only conserving this large
sum to her farmers and factories, but
largely increasing the yield of other
crops grown in rotation with the sug-
ar beet. No less al authority than
Secretary of Agriculture Wilson is an
enthusiastic advocate OF the home
production of all our own sugar. What
such an accomplishment would mean
to Iowa is indicated by Henry 4 Wal
lace in writing on this subject in Wal
lace's Farmer.
Germany. with an area Of about four
times that of Iowa." says Mr.. Wallace,
.'crows about a million acres of sugar
beets and produces about one and one
half million tons Of sugar. The aver
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1913-01-16

baces because of a deleteriouS acid
that affected the butter. but from
sugar beets we got a fine quality OF
butter The importance of this is IN
the fact that the farmer needs to use
a root crop in his rotation to clear
the ground. The cultivation required
by such a crop improves the yield OF
al succeeding crops.
Eurone had learned the value of the
beet. and the northern continental Ma
lions were making their own sugar
from it and by using it in rotation
with other crops had been obtaining
surprisingly big yields per acre. But
here we had been backward in reailZ-
ing it's importance. The year | came
into the cabinet the United States had
produced only $4,000 tons of beet
sugar. '.''
I managed to get public spirited pei
sons to contribute beet seed to begin
investigations. and we found that the
two northern tiers of states had the
most favorable conditions for beet Gull
ture We made elaborate inquiries
sent seed in all directions and had the
beets sent back to us for testings.
At the same time we started en-. (
couraging beet growing in the north
we began to stimulate the growing OF
rice in the south. And l anticipates
that by this time our farmers would
be growing enough Of each Of these
products for our needs. But. while they
grow today substantially as much rice
as is consumed in the United States.
the beet crop furnishes only small
proportion of our sugar. 1t is more
difficult to educate our farmers to
beet raising 1t is a more complicated
form Of activity.
Last year our sugar beet crop netted
595,455 tons of sugar. worth $65.5O5..
COO OF this the farmers received about
$26.35O.OOO for the beets. a fraction
over 40 per cent. The beet tops brought
So an acre. amounting to S1.35s.47S::
the pulp tleft after the sugar is ex-
tracted from the beets, was worth
So. 633.10S and the molasses. hy-
sproduct Of the sugar, SL21L036.
the total value Of the crop was oyer
$40 100000. 8
There is no more profitable crop than
the sugar beet.
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1913-01-16

age crop is about twelve tons of beets
to the acre. If we in Iowa produced
az much sugar propert;onately. we
would have about ninety factories
turning out sufficient sugar each year
to supply 100000 people"
That would mean that Iowa would
not only produce her own sugar. but
would produce enough to export three
times the amount which she at present
consumes. Although such stage OF
development is far cry from the
present situation. facts and figures
show that it is by no means mere
dream. Figures complied at the fac
tory at Waverly show that the ton
mage handled there has increased
more than six fold in the last six
years. while the yield per acre has
practically doubled. Following are
the figures during the years since the
opening of the factory:
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1913-01-16
THE GOSPEL OF
The SUGAR BEET
Or. Harvey W Wiley breaches
It to Farmers,
A WONDERFUL TRANSFORMER.
"Wherever the Sugar Beet Is CuItivat-
3D." Dr.. Wiley Declares, 1.-The Farm
ers Are All Prosperous'-America
Fully Fifty Years Behind Europe.

EARNING practices in vogue upon a
great majority Of the cultivated tracts
in America are obsolete declares DR.
Harvey w. Wiley. former chief chem
list Of the Department of Agriculture.
"In agriculture we are fully nifty
years behind Europe. and the better
utilization Of our farm resources is one
Of the most important problems before
the country.
"Old fashioned. slipshod methods OF
producing wheat and cotton and corn
are still in vogue in over % per cent
OF the country devoted to these indus
tries" said Dr. Wiley. continuing his
i1npeachment of our lax farming
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1913-01-16
HOW IT WORKED IN OHIO.
PauIdins Banker Shows How Sugar
Beet Culture Increased Prosperity.


Beet Culture Increased Prosperity.
That the esta blishmcnt of the sugar
beet industry in Ohio will result In al
increase of $4,000, 900 in the value Of
farm lands in the state b. the end OF
the present year is the statement OF {.
Ii. Allen, a banker of Paulding, O.
"Ohio and Indiana should become as
great producers Of sugar as Michigan.
said Mr.. Allen land they will unless
hostile legislation by congress inter
feres with the natural development Of
this industry. IN pauldng county
alone. although the beet sugar factory
here has been in operation only two
wears. the value of farm property has
increased 5000, 900 as a result Of the
Introduction OF sugar beet culture. All
OF her result has been the investment or
$.,OOO,O0O or more in other beet sugar
factories in this section Of the state
within the past year, which in tur.l
will vastly increase the value Of the
farm land surrounding them, adding
$50 100000 or more to the agricultural
wealth of this region.
aside from the direct financial re-
turns that have followed the eslab-
lishment Of the sugar beet industry in
Ohio, there are numerous other benefits
which. though not SO direct, are no
less important. To obtain good results
from beet culture farmers have found
it necessary to put more hand labor
on the land. The result is that thou
sands of men. women and children
ure being taken from the overcrowd-
ed sections OF the cities OF the state
and set to work on the land, back to
the farm movement that is Of real
practical value
This increased tilage Of the soil is
the very best-and. in fact, the only
effective-m means of overcoming the
weeds that are the chronic enemies OF
he farmer. choking his crops and ex-
hausting his soil Besides all this. we
have found that every other crop rails
ed upon land that has been put into
sugar beets shows a greatly increased
yield
Upon piece Of land that had been
in beets the previous season | myself
raised seventy bushels of oats to the
acre. while across the fence one OF my
ncighbors. on exactly the same kind or
land. got a WELD Of not quite fifty. Last
year on another piece Of land that had
been used for sugar beets | grew fifty
bushels Of wheat to the acre where the
ordinary crop is between twenty-five
and twenty-five bushels. Farmers have
learned SO we'll that sugar land In
creases the yield Of oats that when they
are in conversation among themselves
and one reports yield Of from seventy
to ninety bushels an acre the other will
reply: You have raised it on sugar
beet land That accounts for it.
This year there will be taken from
Ohio cities to the country to work IN
the beet fields over 5000 people, and
yet this industry is only beginning in
the state. Ohio ought to have twenty
five beet sugar factories. and Indiana.
equally favOrablv located and with land
peculiarly fitted to this crop, should
have an equal number
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1913-01-16

crops until within a few years could
not have been ranked as agriculture.
but should have been described as
highway robbery of the soil. AS Il re-
suit the average production per acre OF
these crops has fallen to minimum.
"Earming. for one thing, must be
made more attractive. 1t should DE
made more profitable. This will be
done as our farmers learn more thor
oughlv the principles of intensive cult
vation and get a knowledge or the
methods Of feeding the soil and OF the
rotation Of crops.
'"ro this end have been preaching
for the past thirty years the gospel or
the sugar beet.
1.-The production of the sugar beet
requires the highest style OF intensive
culture that science has been able to
suggest The principles of feeding the
sugar crops. the methods OF culture
and handling the attention and skill
of the workers. are such as to create IN
every field and factory devoted to
sugar culture an agricultural expert
ment station of the highest type. The
soil and climatic conditions in the great
er part of the United States are thor
oughlv favorable to beet culture. and
America is the greatest sugar market
In the world.
"ln the case Of the sugar beet the
.ci:oDs which are grown in rotation with
it Weld very much larger returns than
when the old fashioned system of agrl'
culture prevailed. The reflex action OF
this influence becomes beneht 70
American agriculture the value OF
which it would be difficult to measure
in dollars and cents.
"Wl,erever the sugar beet is cult
waited the farmers are all prosperous
no matter what kind Of other crops
they raise The beet generally i'm
proves the productivenesS OF the soil IN
all kinds Of agriculture. 1t causes the
employment of more labor and lndl-
rect|y benefits commerce and transpor-
tation and produces in every rommu-
nifty conditions of prosperity in asrl-
cul(uT0 WHICH, "Uu" DC uiAh' "'I w
bring about in any other way.
The culture Of the beet brings into
the neighborhood the large sugar rae
tory using fuel and other raw mate
rial. with its complement of laborers
and experts. thus giving better and
more profitable market to the surround
ing farmers for all their products.
while there has been general tend
ency toward the reduction Of tariff du'
ties, this tendency has not reached III
many cases the extent of the abolition
of import duties altogether. In any
changes Of this sort let as much as pos
sible be saved to the farmer In view
of the great Importance OF domestic
sugar production to the prosperity OF
the American farmer. if tariff adjust
ments are to be made. believe that
this should be the last rather than the
first point at which to remove the Gus
toms duty.
"One of the best things about sugar
beet culture from the point Of view OF
agricultural improvement is that 1t fits
in so perfectly with dairying and stock
growing. 1t is. Of course. one of the
elementary facts of practical dairying
TINT the rearing and keeping Of live
stock afford the easiest. cheapest and
most natural means Of improving the
fertility Of the soil. y
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1913-09-17

Der of the delegates took advantage
of the opportunity offered to visit the
State House
The first session of the convention
opened at > O'Clock in the afternoon,
at City hall City Clerk Dominique
Matthew presided, and the address OF
welcome was delivered 10y Mayor
Newhert. The mayors address was
brief but to the point. In a few well
chosen words he welcomed the dele.
gates to the city, expressing his pleas
ure at meeting them, and also express
ed the hope that their visit to the
Capital Of the State would prove TO
be pleasant one. His remarks were
received in The same spirit in which
they were uttered, and he was greeted
with generous applause as he con-
cluded.
The afternoon session was devoted
mainly to routine business, which in
cluded the reception of credentials,
the reading and acceptance of the rec
Continued on Page TwelVe.)