The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1913-11-28


 that mans whole nature. mental and moral as well as physical, was de- veloped from the lower animals by means of the same laws of variation and survival. Wallace's view, on the other hand, was that there is a differ enee in kind, Intellectually and mor- ally, between man and other animals and that some agency analogous to that which first produced organic life. and then originated consci ousness came into play in order to develop the higher intellectual and spiritual ma ture of man.
 Wallace also disagreed with Dar- win respecting the latter's view of sex ua1 selection through female choice. holding that the evidence of the facts was not sufficient to uphold the the ory. The third point of difference, not closely, if at all, related to the Darwinian theory, was in respect to the explanation of the existence of Arctic plants in the southern hemis- phere. Darwin believed that changes in climate were the secret, while Wal lace believed that the seeds of north ern plants were carried south by the birds and the winds. Wallace also rejected Darwin's theory of pangene- sis and the inheritance of acquired characters Weismann's theory of the tinuity of the germ plasn, a theory developed since the death of Darwin, has been accepted by Wallace as the more probable fact of the law of in heritance.
 The essentials of Darwinism have been given a great deal of i1lurnina- ton by Wallace's thorough and per sistence investigation and lucid expla- nation. He had 8 gift for popular exposition which made him the teach CT of a great number of readers for whom the more difficult manner of Darwin was serious obstacle to un- derstanding. In 1871; Wallace's two essays, written at Sarawa.k and Ter nate, were published with others volume, "Contributions to the Theory of Natural Selection" second in im- portance only to Darwin's own Origin of Species.'' In 1889 Wallace publish ed his "Darwinisrn,'' lucid exposition of the general theory, with special consideration of it's recent develop ment. His Biographical. Ddstrfbu- ton of Animals" published in 1878, is a monumental work, exhaustive in it's scope and of the highest authority.
 Interest In Psychic Research.
 The field of biology. in which Wal lace was eminent, was but one of his many vital interests. His lean ing toward spiritua1tstic theories was forecast by his essay in which he ex- pressed his disagreement with Darwin in the 1atter's view that mans is a purely animal nature. He publish ed Miracles and Modern Spiritual ism'' in 1881, taking his place with the small group of eminent scientists who have been seriously impressed by experiments in psychic research" He was an ardent opponent of vaccin- ation, against which he wrote several caustic essays. He held radical views on social and industrial questions fa- voring land standardization before Henry George. In 1882 he publish ed a volume on Land Nationaliza- ton, it's Necessity and it's Aims and afterward became president of a Hand standardization society" He also drew up a scheme For the nationali- zation of the church of England.
 Wallace applied his theory of nat uraI selection vigorously to the so- cial problems of the day In his re- markable little book, Social Hnvi- ronment and Moral Progress, pub lished only this year, he declared it as his opinion that the intellect and the morals of mankind had not inn proved since the days of the earliest known civilization. The store of Knowledge had been vastly increased, however, and there were great possi- bilities in deliberate change or cir cunstances under which higher nor- als and greater inte1lects might be developed. With all the vigor of his remarkable mind, he drew an 1ndict- ment against the existing social order, but the point of his essay was his optimistic idea,lism. On his 9Otih birthday he wrotes
 I'm a socialist, out-and-out, and I'm going to try to knock into the intelligence of the average advanced politician that a great many things he thinks impossible can very easily be done. There are so many points toward a change for the really better that even the labor party and the so- cialists do not seem to trouble about or to know anything about. One of the most vital things one of the most fundamental, is to satisfy our govern ment that there is nothing so bene- ficiaI to the country-to every coun- try-as to raise, and to keep on rais- ing continually, the wages of the workers higher and higher and high er The higher wages are raised in this country, the more prosperous will the country be come You talk of turrn noil-that's the sort of turmoil we want, especially in a nation like ours! During the last century wealth has been accumulatIng tremendously at one end Of our amazing humanity, and poverty at the other. That must be cfanged-and Ieve1ed up. There should be no inherent right of inner lation of wealth as 1t exists in the present day is not only wrong, it is criminal The leaving of huge for tunes to heirs is the greatest injury that couldrposstbly be done to them
 Given Pension fin 1881.
 Tn 1881 he was awarded a civil list pension of f2oo year in recogni- ton of the amount and value of his scientific work. The honorary de- gree of LID. was conferred upon him by the university of Dublin in 1892, and that of D. c. L., by the university of Oxford in 1889. The first Darwin medal of the Royal society was awarded to him in 1890; he also re- ceived the founders gold medal of the Royal geographical society in 1892 and the gold medal of the IAnnaean society in the same year. His pub