davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-08-10

goes twice as fast. He describes the
speed of the drome near the ground as
like that of a motor car on low gear
and says all that is necessary for a
high altitude is a ear-shifting ar
rangement such as we have on our au-
tomobiles. You change your gear as
You rise, just as you do with your car
when you go up hill. In this way you
could leave the ground at high speed
in the air. and changing your gear,
alight without danger"
Now, if Mr.. Baldwin's calculations
should prove true in actual flying, the
speed of the machine at $4,000 feet high
would be almost doubled. and the possible
velocity, without the assistance of the
winds, would be 200 miles per hour instead
of 100. 1t seems to me, however. that If
is quite enough to prophesy that we shall
be able to fly across the ocean in a day
How the Danger of Mountain Sickness
Is Overcome
But, DR.. Bell would it be possible for
man to cross the Atlantic at 5000 feet
elevation? I once went up in the Andes
to an altitude of IS, $50 feet AT that
mountain sickness. My nose bled. I had
a terrible nausea and an earthquake
splitting headache. and this continued
until I got down the mountain. shor1d
not like to fly to Ireland feeling that
way"
That can be easily prevented said
the scientist. .All that you need is to
nave your place in the machine CO oo,-
cred at the sides and back that Won get
the air only from the front Your sick
ness ON the Andes was caused by the
thinness and rarity of the air It was not
dense enough to give you your usual
amount of oxygen. This is avoided bv
the speed of the flying machine which
goes SO fast that it condenses the air
within the hood. and gives you air to
breathe of practically the same quality
as that you had when leaving the ground
rms density will vary with the speed of
your machine, and no matter how fast
you go, your supply of oxygen will be
Just what you need. At 5000 feet Won
are in air which is half the density of
that near the ground. but your speed is
double that which you had at the ground,
and so the density of the air which you
are breathing is just the same"
How High Man Can Fly
"But can flying machines go to a
height of 5000 feet?' l asked
"They have done so and better. The
highest altitude reached by an American
is only a little over a mile. but in Europe
the aerodrome records have been steadily
rising. In 1912 we had some very remark
able flights. June 30 of that year Lieut..
Glatchke ascended from Vienna, taking
a passenger with him, to a height greater
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-08-10

self to him, the poet should write page
In this book. Never once, in so years,
did he fail
Her letters to him were burning. "Oh
think of me, my sweet beloved, SO that
may feel 1t and so that thy joy amid thy
delightful family, thy kind friends and
admirers, may not be changed into bitter
ness and grief for me- Think of me, of
whom thou art the life and the soul"
And again; My heart is fun of you. my
beloved cannot go to bed without tel
ling you of all the foolish, tender feelings
that pass through my mind. Your smile
awakens my love as the sunshine opens
the flowers. Now my soul is like a bou-
quet of which your thought is the per-
fune,' and so on for half century.
Nine Hugo was quite resigned No
case has there been in history quite like
TINS Her affair with Sainte Bouve had
not killed her love for Hugo, and she re-
turned to him after while and lived in
a house, a few hundred feet from her hus-
band and Juliette. and after receiving his
guests passed them ON to the other
house.
Yet even to Juliette, Hugo was not quite
faithful. And when, as sometimes she
did, poor Juliette heard of temporary
rival, her anguish was extreme. NV
God. My God. What have ! done that /
should be stricken in the tenderest part
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-08-10
OUR ALPHABET CAME
FROM EEAVTNIY BODIES

AeCNA 2I-A IL IOOIEso
The alphabet has never until now been
explained satisfactorily to scholars, much
less to the laity. The time-worn sugges-
tition that the first letter in the alphabet
called Aleph in the Phonecian and He
brew. means an OK seemed all right until
the letter was compared with a real OK.
and the nit proved unsatisfactory, to say
the least. That the second letter, Beth
meant house, looked a little more plaus-
ible, but even this was rot clear enough
to satisfy anyone who wanted to know
the truth, says the New York American.
1t has remained for Prof. Eduard Stuck
en-, well known German scholar to show
that the real origin of the alphabet Is as
Economical, and this he has done in a
work just published proving the point
most clearly and convincngly There can
now be no doubt that the first letters
were derived from the stars in the hsav-
ems, and even their order was fixed by
the course of the moon through the skies.
The ancient Babylonians were great as
tronomers, and knew the consultations
as well as any modern astronomer. Upon
their clay tablets are to be found figures
of Cancer, the Crab, Capricornus, the
Goat and other groups of stars, even
though they saw them differently and
grouped them variously.
1t should be remembered that the Baby
lonans, to whom the division of time. as
still used by us, into twice u hours of 60
minutes and 80 seconds has been traced,
were worshippers of the moon. We knew
that the twelvefold division of the Zodiac,
as still used by astronomers, was plainly
suggested by the occurrence of Il full
moons in the successive parts of it in the
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-08-10

Copyrighted, 1918. by Frank G. Carpen-
ter)
Washington, D. c.
THE day will soon come when we
shall be able to go from North
u America to Europe in less time
than we now Spend on the railroad be-
tween New York and Chicago We shall
be able to start from Newfoundland at
noon, or even later, and land in one of
the cities of Ireland next morning in
plenty of time for an o'clock breakfast.
This is the belief of one of the shrewdest
and most careful arithmeticians among
the scientific minds of today. 1 refer to
DR.. Alexander Graham, the inventor of
the telephone. who for the past 20 years
has been connected with every movement
in the direction of aerial navigation.
DR.. Bell was closely associated with
Langley in his experiments as to artificial
flight and he was with him when the
first heavier than air machine was sent
by steam flying this way and that across
the Potomac. He is a member of the
chief societies of aeronauts, and his own
researches as to the basic PRINCIPLES of
aerial navigation have done much to
bring that science where it is today.
great deal of DIR. Bells work has
been in connection with others. He was
an associate of Simon Newcombs who
mad striking theories as to the weight of
bodies of certain shapes while in the
air; he IS also friend and adviser of
Glenn Curtis, and much of the work
OF F w. Baldwin has been connected
with his experiments at Baddeck, Nova
Scotia. DIR. Bell has made tetrahedral
Kites, which have supported men in the
air, and he has a we'll equipped flying
machine laboratory at Baddeck, where
mr.. Baldwin is now carrying on his ex
periments as to the hydrodrome. and
making wonderful discoveries as to the
rapid movement of boats through the
water
125 Miles an Hour
DR.. Bell has what might be called the
scientific imagination and his deductions
deal with possibilities far beyond those
OF the ordinary inventor. His mind works
along scientific lines and its flights of
times make the head of the layrnan buz1
TO comprehend them
Our talk as to short trips across the
atlantic took place after midnight last
Ihursday. in the big library of his house
on connecticut avenue. We had before
US the statistics of all the best aerial
nights yet made and DR.. Bell figured
he talked Said he:
The shortest distance between New
foundland and ireland is less tbap
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-08-10

1000 miles and the fastest speed record
of a. heavier than air machine was
made by James ]. Vedrines in Dep
erdussin areodrome on September 8,
1912. Ills speed was over 1O7 miles an
hour. Now let us suppose that that
machine could keep up a speed of even
100 miles an hour, and 1t would cross
the Atlantic ocean within 20 hours.
If the flight were made from America
to Europe, we would have the winds to
help us along, and this would give us
an additional velocity of at least rs
miles per hour, as the general trend of
our winds is from west to east Adding
this to the 100 miles, we have a speed
of 125 miles an hour, at which rate
we could cover the 1000 miles in just
16 hours. If we left Newfoundland at
high noon we might be landed in Ire
land at 4 o'clock in the morning, Civ
ing us four hours margin for our 8
o'clock breakfast. Or. during the sum-
mer months, we might start with the
rising of the sun at A in the morning
and be on the Irish coast in time for
dinner at 8 o'clock in the evening. All
of that ride would be in the daylight
and we should be landed the same day
We started"
Rapid Flight at High Attitudes
rs there a possibility that one light
go even quicker than that, DR.. Bell?"
Yes replied the scientist, but 1
do not wish to be quoted as saying
more definite than that fly
ing machines should be able TO cross
the ocean in a single day 1 have no
doubt that a drome will increase its
speed in the rarer air high above
ground, but whether this increase will
be strictly proportionate to the diminu-
tion of density Is a point that I am
not prepared to assert. The winds are
also more steady there than at the
ground. According to Mr.. F. w Bald
win, who has been working out a series
of calculations at high elevations the
speed of the machine will rapidly in
crease as it goes upward. Mr.. Bald
win says that 1t is absurd to Judge the
speed of a flying machine by its per-
formance at low elevation. He says
the resistance of the air decreases as
the air grows thinner and at the same
time the power which moves the ma
chine has the same force. He asserts
that when the machine rises to a
heighth of $4,000 feet If gets into air
which is only half as dense as the air
at the ground. According to him the
propeller then meets with only half the
resistance, but 1t can go twice as fast,
and it therefore has the same pushing
force as at the ground. At the same
time the aerodrome itself meets only
half the resistance and therefore 1t
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-08-10

OF my heart? Is II a crime to love a man
more than anything in the world, and to
prefer him to Thee? II that is SO Thou
hast punished me cruelty through my
very fault; Thou hast not spared me any
torture. Oh! how wish to Gle, How
weary ! am Of this love 90 pa ncully and
fruitlessly laborious Oh. how | long for
eternal rest My God! My Godl have
pity on met
Nevertheless Hugo always returned to
her. Throughout his long years of aotiv-
ity she was with him, and spent her tine.
lovingly taking down the exquisite Ian
guage with which she had Inspired him.
Nearly all the precious manuscripts IN the
Bibliotheque Natioaa'e are In her writ
ing. Poor Juliette. Her earnest wish had
been to live loag enough to comfort and
support her lover on his last long Jour
ney. But 1t was not to be She died
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-08-10

dromes divided into 4S sections and dis
tributed on a territorial basis. They had
234 trained pilots and an equal number
of trained observers and 22O0 men. Since
then their army aerodromes have been
increased by very large popular sub
scription and it is claimed that they will
800 aerodromes and 1900 trained pilots
The French call aviation the fourth arm
of the military service
How about the Germans9'
'rhey have recently subscribed 100000
marks toward aviation. They have a
large number of aerodromes and are
training men for the service.
In Great Britain the government has
created the royal flying corps, which is
connected with the military service, but
has an entity Of its own. Ii is associated
with both army and navy, and has a
military wing and a naval wing. each
of which is divided into sections The
military wing has an arship section, a
kite section and three aerodrome sections
The navay wing has flying stations on the
Island Of Sheppey, at Rosyth and in the
Humber"
The Japanese are doing considerable
in aviation" continued DR. Bell and so
are Italy and Austria. The Italians have
been the first to employ the aerodrome
in actual warfare. They have used aero
dromes in TripoIi in their war with the
TURKS. The machines were employed in
making observations at night. and for de-
tailed observations over long distances
They We're manned with wireless tele-
graphs, and were able to maintain unn-
terrupted communication with their base
Aerodromes were also used by the Bal
kan armies in the recent troubles with the
Turks"
Dropping Bombs on the Enemy
Il understand that some of the aero
dromes have been competing as to the
dropping of bombs into an enemy's
Campo
Il suppose you refer to the contest
for the Michelin prizes. They were all
won by Lieutenant Scott. an American.
The first prize was 100000 1t was for
the placing of the greatest number of
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-08-10

charming features are surrounded by
most harmonious and soft oval contour;
her forehead is clear and serene, and she
has an abundance of black hair of an adj
mirable lustre. Her neck, shoulders and
arms are of perfection thoroughly
antique.
Juliette was four years younger than
Hugo. Born at Fougeres in 1906, she lost
both her parents in her first year. Brought
up in convent noted for its austerity,
at the age of 16 she was sent TO her near
est relatives who, being very poor, were
i-prepared to receive her. 1t would be,
perhaps, not charitable to inquire too
closely into the next three years of her
life, Of which certainly little is known.
but in 1925 she was living under the
roof of Pradier the sculptor and served
him as model for the statue of Stras-
burg. which today graces the place dc
la Concorde' in Paris. Soon afterwards
Prader cast her adrift and being well
educated, beautiful, and ambitious she
turned her attention to the stage. Thus 1t
was that she came in 1888 to be given the
part of Princess Negroni by Victor Hugo
1t was upon the night of February II
of that year that Victor first declared his
love. In little book. La Livre de Fan
niversaire," eight years after their first
meeting. he wrote: 'Dost thou remem-
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-08-10
at
5

bombs, each Weighing 1914 pounds,
within a circle of about 33 feet, tho
same to be dropped from an altitude
of 656 feet or higher Lieutenant Scott
dropped 70 out of his is bombs within
the circle. The second prize was $4,000
It was for the placing of the greatest
number of bombs In a rectangle of less
area than the deck of one of our big
gest steamers, or in one 394 feet long
and 1871 feet wide. In this contest the
altitude was half mile sr more. Scott
dropped 10 bombs and eight of them
fell inside the rectangle. The third
prize was $1,000 for the most scientific
and practical apparatus for bomb drop
ping. Lieutenant Scott won this by his
gun which he used for the purpose
In the same connection | might say
that one OF the best aerodrome guns Is
an invention of a United States army
officer. Col. J. n Lewis of the post ar
tillery corps. His gun is made of steel
and aluminium. and It weighs about 25
pounds 1t viii shoot from 800 to 100
shots minute. This gun is for shoot
ing at machines in the air.
The Flying Machine i'm Warfare
of deaths which have occurred in con-
nection with flying machines. and
asked DR.. Bell whether the mortality
was Increasing
THE deaths are growing less In pro-
portion according TO the number of du-
ration of the flights, and to the num-
Der of men on the machines. The ac-
tual number of the accidents of 1871
was greater than that of 1911, but it's
ratio TO the miles flown was much less
The French have kept the best statis-
tics in regard to such matters. They
estimate that they have had one accl-
dent for about every $4,000 miles of
flight. During the first three months
o. last year their military machines
flew a distance of over 400, 900 miles,
which was Just about twice the dis
tanee covered during a similar period
in 1911. The number of accidents in
both cases was about the same. Many
of them were due to breakage and
some to inexperienee. believe that
such accidents Will grow fewer as tin.J
goes on
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-08-10

n ARIs, August 9.-(special)-Per-
haps the most interesting literary
discovery of this season has been
made in Paris by Louis Gumbaud For
the last 10 years Guimbaud has been MAX
ing a special study of Juliette Drouet, the
actress who for 80 years was nearest to
Victor Hugo's affections, after Nine
Hugo had left him for Saints Beuve, the
critic She was worth studying-this
beautiful Juliette-for she was not only
part and parcel of Hugo's literary life.
but was the inspiration OF much of his
best work, and, Furthermore, she prob
ably holds the worlds record as a pro-
ducer of love letters. She wrote more
than 1900 of them to Victor Hugo some
times at the rate of three a day. They
We're wonderful letters. full of grace, vi
tality and burning affection, and appar-
entity so varied in interest that the au-
thor of Les Miserables'' never tired of
them or of their writer
These gorgeous letters were bequeathed
by Victor Hugo to the family of Juliette
Drouet, and the faithful Guimbaud has
now. after much negotiation, become pos
sessed of the lot, and it is said that he
is going to publish some 300 of the most
interesting of them, together with the fas-
cinating story of Juliettes life in an edi-
tion de luxe, in Paris next spring, illus
trated with pictures of his heroine made
by Pradier, who was her cher ami before
she met Hugo The story of that meeting
is characteristic OF their times
Hugo, physically and mentally, was a
man of powerful sensations. Ever carried
away upon the flood of incidents and
dreams of the day he employed his great
energy with marvellous versatility. At
barely 20 years of age he married Adele,
and for some years peace and happiness
regned in the poets little household. A
son, two daughters and European fame
had come TO him before ever a shadow
darkened their lives. Then the young
wife was discovered to be the lover of
Victor Hugos friend Sainte Beuve. the
famous literary critic, and her husband
thought his heart was broken.
But one morning a beautiful lady, none
other than Juliette Drouet, called upon
the poet and asked that she should be as
signed a part in "Lucretia Borgia,' then
about to be produced They fell in love
with each other there and then, and no
wonder. "Ier head is of a regular and
delicate beauty said Theophile Gautier
I'm his description of her. "her nose is clean
cut and well shaped, and her eyes brill
liant and clear Her lips remain very
small even when she laughs heartily, and
are Of vivid and humid red. These
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-08-10
Ou;te So

From the Louisville Courier Journal
That's what ! call a horrible endins.s
whats that?'
'The steam calliope that winds up thu
circus parade
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-08-10

course Of a year, The Babylonlans inn
aeined that the solar Btll tA) had drawn
a great furrow across tie heavens theI
path of the sun through the stars) and
this was divided into IL parts by the full
moons. M
Astronomers who have studied the|
Babylonian system see that Taurus heidi
the leaeing position among the constella-|
tions. and this would substantantiate the
positions of Dr.. Stucken explaining why|
AIeph, the Bull, is the first letter of the
alphabet. 1t is also one Of the ancient le-
gends that the human race came into'
existence under Taurus and the Jewish
New Year, held to be the anniversary of
the Creation, is in Tishri, plainly conf
neeted with this Zodiacal sign.
Thus Professor stuc,sea proves that the
alphabet is of astrononlieal origin. show
ing that the order OF tie alphabet, and.
especially that A lis the first letter, can
be accounted for only upon the ground
OF these Rahylonian ideas,
The other great difficulty which might
occur TO some of-us is why then are there
22 letters in the ancient alphabet and moi
12 to correspond to the ~ full moons
This is answered very simply In the mark
ing of the various moon stations va.
rious positions of the stars We're also
noted, seeming to make fiery characters
in the heavens. asterward to be used
the symbols OF written language In this
way 10 additional characters were added
TO our Zodacal signs, as the moon sta
tons," afterward utilized for the purpos1
of the alphabet.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-08-10

peacefully two or three years before the
poet.
Thus ended an almost unparalleled love
drama. Yet this was not the only one in
liugo's family. The story goes that di-
reetly after his marriage. his brother had
committed suicide, mad With disappoint-
ment; for he, too. had deeired the pretty
Adele. And again his daughter Jeanne
married Alphonse Daudets son. Not long
after the wedding they separated and
We're both re-malfied
But of all these the Victor-Juliette affair
Is BY far the most interesting. and indeed
tho most fruitfal, for the world owes al
multitude OF literary treasures to it. Ju-
liette's 15.Co) letiers-1S,ccl according toI
o1e account-haye been cterahed by the|
Drotet family until now In secrecy ONLY
nest spring, under the devoted editorshipl
Of Guimbaud viii the most fascinating
and the most useful of these literary relics|
be diyulged to the world at large.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-08-10

ber, my beloved, our first day? 1t was at
carnival time in 1888. = Thy apart
ment was fun of adorable silence Out
side we heard Paris singing and laughing,
and the masked jewellers passing by.
shouting. Amid the great festival we
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-03-29
o. A. r. State Conference.

Macon has been selected as the place
of meeting for the next d. A. r. con
vention. The recent meeting at Angus
Ia was fruitful Of many future plans
whereby the organization will spread
out its work Of advancement and use
fulness. Among the interesting mat
ters taken up was that OF the Dodge
School for Boys on St, Simons Island
An appeal was made by Mrs. W. H
DeVoe for the maintenance OF the dor
mitory of the school to be named the
James Oglethorpe. There was a ready
response to the appeal. Money was
also subscribed for the Improvement of
historic Meadow Garden.
During the state conference many
elaborate entertainments, both public
and private. were given the delegates
and members Of the d. \. r. in atten-
dance. Mrs. :. W. Foster and Mrs.
William Lawson Peel being two popu-
lar honorees of the lovely social affairs.