The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1913-08-01
SCRAP BOOK FOR TO-DAY

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 The savant of American social 1s1n' Morris Hillquit, was born in Ri ga, Russia, forty-four years ago to- day, and emigrated with his parents to New York in 1886 He has been animated with the Socialist party for quarter of century, and has been prominent in all of it's councils, as well as representing America at many in ternat1onal conventions. Merely as a sloe line, he has practiced law in New
 York for twenty years and has rep resented labor in many important cases. Although often denounced by the radical reds MT. Hil1quit is rec ognized by most of the moderate so- cialists as the authoritative spokes- man for the party on this side of the Atlantic. His History of Social ism in the United States published a, decade ago, and his new work, .1So- cial1sm Summed Up,'' afford an inter esting presentation of the subject from the viewpoint Of a scholarly and con scienttous disciple of Karl Marx.
 The gospel of socialism is preached in more than sixty tongues" says MT. Hillquit, and might have added that there are more than sixty varieties. ''Its creed,'' he continues .is accepted by thirty million persons
 S'Socialisn" he explains, 4tdoes not advocate a division of wealth. The socialist program does not deal with consumable wealth, but with produc- tive wealth: it does not a,ssai1 wealth as a means of private enjoyment, but wealth as an instrument of social op- pression and exploitation.''
 'tsocialists,'' he says, view with placid indifference the private owner ship of dwelling houses and gowns, automobiles and yachts; the socialist plan is not one of division or distri- button, but, on the contrary, one of common and undivided ownership. This, principle may be illustrated by comparison with the functions and character of our public streets. The streets are the common public prop erty of our cities. They are laid out, paved and repaired at public expense They are maintained for our joint use and benefit We all own them. But we do not divide up the cobblestones ratably among all citizens.
 The first cable car line in the world was opened forty years ago today, and in the following decade this meth cd of carrying street traffic became general in the large cities of America. In San Francisco, Cincinnati, Kansas City and other western cities where steep grades rendered horse cars inn practicable, cable cars were first used and greater speed and efficiency led to their adoption in other cities. The cost of installation was very high, | however, and with the coming of the electric railway cable lines were dis eardeds The cable system is now confined principally to mountain lines, often in conjunction with electricity. In New York the most important ca bte lines were on Broadway, Third ave nue. and 125th street. Philadelphia had an extensive cable system for many years before the introduction of electricity. The cost of installing a cable system was as high as S350, 600 ] a mile, and the cost of operatio was also higher than that of trolley Hires
 One of the quaintegt and most in teresting of old English festivals is Lamnnas Day, the festival of the wheat harvest, which will be observed today in the remoter rural sections of Eng land and Scotland. In the church, it is the festival of St. Peters miracu- Ious deBverance from prison. In Eng land it is a. half-quarter-day, and in 1 Scotland a quarter-day. when rents and other interests affecting property l are attended 10. This triple opserv- | ance has somewhat sobscured the ori- l gin and meaning of the festival Some l hold that the name of Iammas Day was derived from the old ceremony | which marked the delivery of live lambs to the landlords by their ten | ants on that day Another custom, | still observed in a few places, was the 1 lamb chase by the maidens of the com | mun1ty. With their hands tied behind | their backs, the girls pursued a lamb, l and the one to first siege and hold the | animal with her teeth was declared | the '1ady of the lanb.' This chase always afforded great amusement to | the spectators. When the lamb was caught it was killed and carried on a | pole at the head of procession of the l villagers, after which the animal be- | came the piece de resistance of the | banquet. At Eton the students cele- brated the day by chasing 9, ram. | which, when captured, was killed and l eaten. The college butcher had to l provide the animal. and he always | searched the country toa find one that was vicious and able to put up a good | fight. The real origin of the word Isarnmas, however. was the Saxon l hIanam oesse, or leaf mass, because 1 formerly on that day bread made of the new crop of wheat was offered l It was, and still is in some sections. | the custom to give thanks for the har- vest on this day.
 Beginning this afternoon and con | tfnuing until sunset tomorrow, Cath | oIics throughout the world will take part in the devotion of Portiuncula. | The indulgence of Portiuncula may be | gained at any of the churches of the l