davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1913-08-22
wireless Station at Lake Bluff.

Chicago, Aug. 22--One Of the Iarg-
est wireless stations in the world will
be esta bIished at the United States
naval training station at Lake Bluff.
Captain z. r. Clark, commandant. an
nounced today that 100000 will be ex-
pended in it's construction. The sta
ton will be able to communicate di-
rectly with San Francisco and New
York
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1913-08-22
WILSON is SURPRISED
Wife and Daughter of the President
Drop in on Him.

Washington, Aug. 22-President
Wilson was surprised today with d
visit by Mrs Wilson and his youngest
daughter, Miss Eleanor, whom he had
not seen for five weeks.
They had kept their coming secret
and notified the White House only a
short time before their arrival. The
president motored to the station 20
meet them Mrs. Wilson and her
daughter will spend a few days with
the president, returning to Cornish, y.
H, next week.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1913-08-22
X-Ray skirts Enjoined.

Los Angeles. Aug 22.-Oficial Los
Angeles enjoined today the wearing
of the socalled X-Ray dress on the
streets, Chief of Police Sebastian said
if he found present laws inadequate
he would recommend the passage of an
ordinance specifically forbidding the
public appearance ef women in dia-
phanouS raiment.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1913-08-22
TODAY'S GAMES.
Western,

Western.
Topeka at St. Joseph, clear.
Sioux City at Lincoln, clear.
National.
Chicago at New York, clear.
Pittsburg at Philadelphia clear.
Cincinnati at Brooklyn, clear.
St. Louis at Boston, clear.
American.
Philadelphia at Chicago, clear.
Washington at st. Louis, clear
New York at Detroit, CD clear.
Boston at Cleveland, cloudy.
Association.
Columbus at Toledo, cloudy.
Indianapolis at Louisville,
cloudy.
Minneapolis at Kansas City,
clear.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1913-08-22

Egnteen Degrees Cooler Ioday.
The temperature at 2 o'clock this af-
ternoon was 80 degrees-1S degrees
cooler than at the same hour on
Thursday. The wind is blowing at the
rate of II miles an hour from the
southeast.
Associated Press dispatches from
Wichita and Pittsburg state that the
weather at both places is delightfully."-
cool
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1913-08-22
Senator Martin About the Same

The condition Of ex-Senator John
Martin is reported to be about as
usual today, but he is gradually
growing weaker and sinking away.
His family is at his bedside, and with
the aid of physicians, are doing every
thing possible for his relief and COM
fort
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1913-08-22

Weather Forecast for Kansas.
Fair tonight and Saturday; contin-
Jed warm
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1913-08-22

Continued from page Two.)
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1913-08-22

tcOntinued on Page Two)
The Washington herald., 1913-08-14
WEATHER CONDITIONS.
o. s. Dept. Of Agriculture. Weather Bureau.

washington "wednesday, August l3-s =. m.
The weather has been unsettled with showers dur
ing Wednesday in the Middle Atlantic States. the
eastern PORTION Of the North Atlantic States the
Ohio and Upper Mississippi Valleys. and in the
Northern flateau region. The weather has been
generally fair in the Plains States the Missouri and
Lower Mississippi Valleys. and the Gulf States
Temperatures have risen somewhat in the North
and Middle Atlantic States. but are still below The
seasonal average. The Temperatures have rsen also
in the Northern Plains States and the weather was
warm on "Wednesday in the region between the
Rocky Mountains and the Mississippi River.
The indications are that local showers and thun-
derstor1ns will occur Thursday in the Middle Mis-
ssSipp and Ohio Valleys and in the Middle Atlantic
States. the scattered showers continuing during Fri
day in the last-named district The weather will be
fair during Thursday and Friday in Practically all
the region west Of the Mississippi River except for
showers in the Northern Plateau region.
Temperatures will continue high in the Plains
States and moderate in the Eastern districts.
The winds along the North Atlantic Coast will be
light 10 moderate south; on the Middle Atlantic
Coast light TO moderate variable; on the South At
lantic Coast light east the East Gulf Coast light
to modernte variable: the West GuF Coast light
to moderate southeast; the Great Lakes light
riable.
The Washington herald., 1913-08-14
COURT-MARTIAL FOR
DESERTER CAMERON
Trial of National Guard Cook, Ar
rested at Camp, will Be Held
Within Two Week..

Walter c. Cameron. alias William Met
calf, the National Guard cook who was
arrested Tuesday night at Camp Ordway,
Bolivar Heights. W. Va. on a charge Of
deserving from the army. will be court
martialed within the next two weeks.
Cameron is locked up in the guard
house at the Washington Barracks,
where he was taken late Tuesday night
by Lieut.. Strong and Sergt. Salver. who
made the trip to Camp Ordway for the
deserter. He refused to talk yesterday
afternoon.
Officials OF the Adjutant Generals Of
flee OF the War Department are looking
up Cameron's record. Cameron gives his
residence as $50 NJ Street Northwest, but
there is no such number. At the time OF
his desertion, last April. he left his wife
and little child. who at present are liv-
ing with Mrs. Cameron's relatives at
Murphy Station. near Fort Myer. Va.
Cameron enlisted at Fort Hunt in July.
1910. Just before the annual encampment
he enlisted In the National Guards. pre-
senting an honorable discharge from the
Third Field Artillery. Battery d. His
identity at Camp Ordway was discovered
by a brother-in-law. Lawrence A. Quinn.
a member Of Company D, First Regi-
ment.
Cameron is a tall. powerfully built
man. about twenty-eight years Of age.
The Washington herald., 1913-08-14
ROBERT SROUfE dies
Of HEART TROUBLE
Sanitary O6eer Of the Police De-
paTtnsnt Had Been ID for
Several Weeks.
KNIGHTS OF PYTHAs OFFICIAL

After an illness Of several weeks. Rob-
ert route, sanitary officer of the Po-
lice Department, died at his home. 523
Twelfth Street Northeast, yesterday.
He was forty-nine years old. and
leaves a wifa
Mr.. Sroufe had been ill since July "a.
His ailment was diagnosed as enlarge
ment Of the heart. He was born in
Ohio. June 20, 1854. He became a mem
Der of the police force October 2, 1890.
and before this he had been in the
United States army. Upon his appoint
ment to the force he was detailed to
duty in the Tenth precinct as a private
Of class one. September l, 1897. he was
promoted to class two. Later he was
assigned to duty In the sanitary ofii-
GERS department. J. A. Frank then be-
ing in charge of this branch of the
Police Department. Mr.. Frank died
January s. 1906, and on his death Mr..
Sroufe was made sanitary officer. July
]. 1906, he was promoted to private Of
class three.
Several months ago Mr.. Sroufe was
elected grand chancellor of the Dis
trict Grand Lodge, knights of Pythias.
Albert C. Lynn. who has been assist
ant sanitary officer under Mr.. Sroufe
for several years, probably will sue
coed him.
The Washington herald., 1913-08-14
YOUNG MANS ARREST
PREVENTS WEDDING
Girl, Coming Here to Marry Lonnie v.
carp, Finds He Has Been
Taken Into Custody.

romance. which would have cul.
minated in marriage yesterday had not
fate taken a hand, between a pretty
Warrenton. Va. girl and Lonnie v. carp
of Norfolk, Va. ended sadly when the
Prospective bridegroom was arrested by
Central Office detectives and held for the
Norfolk police on a charge of larceny.
carp reported to the police Monday
night he had been robbed of $50 in
money and a $3.50 diamond stick pin by
two strangers in the Smithsonian Insti-
tuition grounds. Investigating Earp's
record. the police found he was wanted
in Norfolk.
The young man, 1t was learned yester-
day. came to Washington to marry. He
was engaged to pretty twenty-five
year-old warrenton girl and wired for
her to meet him in Washington yester-
day. The girl came to Washington, but
when she called at the National Hotel,
where he had been registered. she was
told the police had arrested carp.
At Central Detective Headquarters De-
tective Charles Evans advised the girl
to return to her home to await the out
come of the Norfolk charges against
her sweetheart. She still is faithful to
him and believes the charges are ground
less. but returned to her home. promis-
ing to wait until carp had had his day
in court. The police refused to give out
the girls name.
The Washington herald., 1913-08-14
FLYING IN AIR DOES
NOT CAUSE DEAFNESS
{. M. Wood Does Not Believe London
Authority's Statement on Aviation
and Defective Hearing.

Aeroplaning does not cause deafness of
aviators in the opinion of c. Murvin
Wood. the Moisant flyer. who is demon
strating monoplanes at Fort Myer.
A stir was caused a few days ago by
an assertion of Arthur II. Cheatle. a
famous London authority on aura.
surgery. to the effect that flying caused
a defect in hearing and the question was
put before Mr.. Wood.
Il do not wish to contract the opinion
Of this recognized authority" said the
aviator. but from a personal standpoint
and from extensive observation, l am
convinced that the flying now done is
not sufficient to cause deafness. The
amount of aeroplaning done today is not
continuous enough to have any per-
manent effect upon the ears.
THE din from the motor is so intense
that while flying 1t is difficult to hear
well. and upon alighting and shutting
off the engine. 1t takes minute or two
for the ear to adjust itself. But this
adjustment always takes place rapidly
and no permanent effect upon the ear is
produced.
when flying at great speed the air
can be felt rushing into the ears with
a roar. but this does not tend toward
producing deafness. as the ears are well
protected by the flaps of the helmet. At
great attitudes the rarity of the atmos-
phere causes ringing in the ears and
makes the blood vessels and veins stand
out prominently. but the attitudes at
which most aviators navigate are not
sufficient to produce any permanent in
jury.
Il never have heart OF an aviator being
made deaf by flying. However. the roar
and din of the motor. which are the
most annoying elements. can be elimi-
mated easily by muffling the engine-a
thing that even now 10 done by some
aviators."
Mr.. Wood did not make any flights yes
terday, and last night he was undecided
as TO whether he would attempt any
today.
The Washington herald., 1913-08-14
TWO HELD ON MURDER CHARGE.
Isaac Dashicld and Arthur Jackson,
ColOred, Arrested.

Isaac Dashield and Arthur Jackson,
both colored, were arrested late last
night by Constable Thomas II. Garri-
son. of Hyattsville. on a charge of
numbering William Lucas, also colored,
whose mutilated body was found on
the morning of July last on the tracks
of the Chesapeake Beach Railroad,
where they cross the River Road, near
Bladensburg.
The alleged murderers are locked up
at the Hyattsville Jail. Constable Gar
rison expects to arrest two other col
ored men today in connection with the
crime.
Lucas. Dashield. and Jackson met in
Bladensburg July 4. and. after drinking
heavily. became involved in a quarrel.
The next morning the body of Lucas
was found. mangled by a train. 1t is
thought that Jackson and Dashield
placed the body on the tracks. The
coroner's jury rendered a verdict of
accidental death following the discov-
cry. The constable, however. continued
to work on the case, and he believes
he has sufficient evidence to prove that
the two prisoners committed the crime.
The Washington herald., 1913-08-14
WATERMELONS IN ABUNDANCE.
Vessels from Lower Potomac Brinn
10000 to Washington.

Within the last few days between
eighteen to twenty vessels laden with
about 10000 watermelons arrived I'm
Washington. They are being sold at
prices ranging from IS to SIS per hun
dred.
Capt. Joseph Chivell has departed on
his launch. the J. II. Chivell. for a
cruise down the river. Eugene Coch-
ran, who has been cruising in the
lower Potomac for the last month in
his launch, returned yesterday. The
launch Good Luck. owned by Edward
Rudolph. of sos Quincy Street. which
was reported stolen. was found Sum
day night abandoned at Alexandria 1t
was brought to this city by the Har-
Dor Police.
The Washington herald., 1913-08-14

son used to please her distinguished hus-
band, and those with which Mrs. Henry
Clay appeased the appetite OF the origi-
nal Commoner.
Mrs. Marshall's Mullins.
When Vice President Marshall has had
a long. hard day in the Senate. there IL
nothing he likes to come home to bet
ter than some of Mrs Marshalrs buckle
berry mullins. 1t is said that huckle-
berry mullins are a dish for the gods and
responsible for much of the literary
genius extant in the hoosier state.
Mrs. Champ Clark, wife Of the Speaker
OF the House, combines an extraordinary
amount of literary talent with an ability
to keep house and cook that Is seldor:
excelled by any American housewife.
Premium after premium she has cep-
tuTed at Missouri county fairs, and she
herself says Champ loves to brag on
my cooking" The daintiest and m st
elaborate fare of social gatherings fails
The Washington herald., 1913-08-14

Housewives throughout the country will
have no reason to use any but approved
Democratic rules in cooking when the
unique Democratic Cook Book. compiled
by Mrs. Grace Porter Hopkins, field sec
rotary of the woman's National Demo-
cratic League, is published. Mrs. Wood
row Wilson. wife of the President: Mrs.
Thomas r. Marshall, wife OF the Vice
President: Mrs. Champ Clark, wife of
the Speaker: Cabinet women. Congress
sional women, and others in official ana
social life at the National Capital have
all contributed pet receipes TO the cook
book.
Besides the up-to-date recipes contain
ed in the book Mrs. Hopkins has unearth-
ed a number of famous recipes used by
early Democratic women, including favor
tie modes of cooking of Dolly Madison,
the feminine patron saint of Democracy:
the dishes with which Mrs. Andrew Jack
The Washington herald., 1913-08-14
THREE PRISONERS ESCAPE.
Occoquan Fugitives Are Being
Sought by Police.

The police have been asked to capture
three prisoners who escaped from the
stockyard at Occoquan Sunday night. Six
rren entered into a pact to break for
liberty Sunday night. but guards at the
wOrkhouse succeeded in catching three.
Those escaping were Christiano Brazersl,
eighteen years old: George Kelly. SEVEN
teen years old. and James Snow. twenty
eight years old. all serving short terms.
Supt. Whitaker of the workhouse eE-
planned last night that il was not a
hard matter to ESCAPE from Occoquan.
hut that the percentage of escapes il
small. I'VE find but about ) per GER.
of prisoners attempt to escape. the other
s. per cent serving time without givirg
any trouble"
The Washington herald., 1913-08-14

to interest or please the distinguished
Democrat. and he longs for the yearly
vacation in Bowling Green. Mo-, where
he can get some real food"
Mrs. Clark Premium Winner.
II there is one thing that Mrs. Clark
Is proud of It is her Scotch-Irish blo.'d.
For that reason she early learned to
make the famous salt-rising bread which
appears to be a tradition In Scotch-Irish
families of the South and Southwest She
renamed her particular kind. however,
and calls it Caucasian bread. for size
claims only Caucasian can make Il. 1t
was with this recipe that Mrs. Clark cap
tured the first premium at the Pike Coun-
ty tMoD Fair.
Those fortunate enough to be invited
to the home Of Senator and Mrs. Ollie
James for a meal enjoy the delicious
spoon bread made after a recipe in Mrs.
James family for years and cooked by.
q real Kentucky NANNY.
The Washington herald., 1913-08-14

Senator Vardaman was severely critf-
cised and condemned for his recent
speech in which he stated that all
negroes should be deported to Africa. in
a resolution offered by the Rev. Simon
p. Drew, of the Cosmopolitan Baptist
Church. at the regular session of the
Henderson National Memorial Civil
Rights League of America. and the
Mount Bethel Baptist Ministers Alliance
OF the District OF Columbia, Maryland.
and Virginia Yesterday
The Washington herald., 1913-08-14
MARRIAGE LICENSES.
WHITE.

Edward L. Simpson. s, and Ruth " Bartlett, y.
both Of Alexandra. Va. Rev. H. Schroeder.
James d. Conner. 2. and Minnie E. Conner. %.
both Of Manassas. Va.
Richard p weems. 2. and Mabel v. Jolly. Q.
both Of Baltimore, Nd Rev. 1. N. Ferxuson.
Jacob schifnan, q, and Dora Brill, -. Rev. II.
r. Yoelson.
Thomas Z. Nell. -. and Eleanor v. Emeson. 8.
Rev. John N. Cooper.
Floyd s. Van Bnskirk. q. and Mabel N. Andrew.
g both Of Tsylorsburs Pa Rev. H. Schroeder.
Gregory A. oConnor. a. and Nellie Deadly. D.
Rev. Edward ]. Masrath.
COLORED.
c. Washington 2. and Annie Mills. q.
The Washington herald., 1913-08-14
CHARITY CLUB ENTERTAINS.
Dancing and Music mt Belmont for
Benefit of Hebrew Poor.

Belmont was the scene of the enter
tainment of the Strauss Charity Club
last night. The proceeds were do
mated to the Hebrew poor of Washing
ton. An elaborate program of dancing
and music was held inside the man
sion.
A feature Of the entertainment was
gypsy camp produced in flowers. The
following participated in the program:
Miss Bessie Weinberg, as a colonial
girl: Miss Celia Sokul, as a colonial
girl: Miss Elizabeth Braunstein, as a
flower girl; Miss Emma Cohen. as a
watermelon girl: Miss Bessie Silver
stone, as a Dutch girl, and Miss Elsie
Feinstein, as a Spanish gypsy.
The Washington herald., 1913-08-14
FOR INLAND WATERWAY.
Expenditure of $2O,OOO,OOO
Complete Work Favored.

Expenditure in the immediate future
of $2GOOO.0oo by Congress to complete the
inland waterway between Boston, Mass.
and Beaufort. n. c.. was recommended
TO the House yesterday by the General
Board of Army Engineers. Construction
of a twelve-foot canal. ninety feet wide,
is contemplated, with later improvements
to a sea-level canal twenty-five feet deep.
That the government purchase the
Chesapeake and Delaware Canal for
$500, 900, and that the States of New
Jersey and Pennsylvania contribute
100000 and s7.OO0,Oo0. respectively. to-
ward the project, between the Delaware
River and New York Bay, are other rec
concentrations.
The Washington herald., 1913-08-14
Democratic Cook Book to Be Issued
DOLLY MADIsoNs RECIPES WILL ALSO BE INCLUDED
Wives of Modern Solons Contribute
KENTUCKY SPOON BREAD.
By MRS. OLLIE JAMES.

scald one pint of white cornmeal.
Melt one-half cup Of butter and
lard. equal parts. and pour in meal
while 1t is hot. Immediately mix
in milk to make it very soft. Beat
the yellows Of three eggs very well
and put them in the mixture. Add
two teaspoonfuls of baking powder.
and, lastly. the well-beaten whites
of three eggs. Cook In q slow oven
for thirty-five minutes. Serve very
hot. It is SO soft that It has to be
served with a spoon.
The Washington herald., 1913-08-14
CAUCASIAN BREAD.
~ MRS. CHAMP CLARK.

Take a half pint of new milk.
Bring 1t to near boiling. and then
add q couple of tablespoOnfuls Of
cold water; add enough cornmeal
to make a mush. a little butter.
then set 1t in -four bin. where. In
the morning. there will be a yeast
to- start with. Put in some hot, but
not scalding, water; then stir N
water enough to make a batter.
Then put il by the stove, and 1t
will rise in an hour. Roll 1t out
in loaves, grease your pans with
lard. Scald the loaves on top. so
they won't burn. They take a slow
fire.
The Washington herald., 1913-08-14
CHRISTIANITY VS.. SOCIALISM.
Subject OF Lecture to BE Delivered
by l. X. WHITE

The Hostility Between Christianity
and Socialism" will be the subject of a
lecture tonight by ]. X. White at Ir-
gram Memorial Church, Tenth Street and
Massachusetts, Avenue Northeast, before
the Study Club in Economics.
Among those who have been invited to
Participate IN the discussion are the Rev.
william Tayloe Snyder, rector Of the
church OF the incarnation: the Rev. Au-
gustus j. Duarte. S. j.; Francis de Sales
Ryan, Prof. William Macon Coleman,
Mercy II. Skinner, Nina Lane Mcbride.
W. ID. Mckenzie, William II. Johnston.
J. Hugh Kelley. and Thomas Z. Will.
The Washington herald., 1913-08-14
HUCKLEBERRY MUFF1Ns.
Nv MRS. MARSHALL.

Take 2 cups of fiour. level tea
spoonfuls of baking powder. H.
level teasponful of salt, Ia cup
granulated sugar, level teaspoon
fuls of butter, cup of sweet milk,
and / egg.
Sift the flour. salt. and sugar to-
gether, then beat the egg well, and
add to the milk. Pour this over the
flour and mix in we'll. Add the but
ter last and then the huckleberries.
Pour the mass in a hot pan and
cook quickly in a hot oven.
The Washington herald., 1913-08-14
Runaway Cars XIII Three.

Grafton. W. Va. Aug. 13.-Three train
men were killed today when thirty-seven
cars on a west-bound train broke loose
at the summit Of the Cheat River grade
and made a wild dash down the noun
tains, the cars colliding with a train
that was following at Buckhorn Wall.
The Washington herald., 1913-08-14

The Senate Foreign Relations Com
mittee yesterday ordered favorable
report on the nomination of Paul s.
Reinsch, of Wisconsin. to be Minister
to China. and on the nomination OF
Madison r. Smith, OF Missouri. rs Min
lister to Haiti. 1t also recommended a
favorable report on the nomination Of
william z. Cresson. OF the District OF
Columbia, to be Secretary Of the Lega-
ton at Ecuador.
The Washington herald., 1913-08-14
LIVE MODELS TO SHOW STYLES.
SIashe skirts and Other Creation.
to Be Exhibited Here.

Washington is to have its annual
style show this year on October 1. 2.
and 3, in Rauscher's parlors. Many
will be attracted. for slashed skirts.
diaphanous dresses. X-ray creations,
and every other new style will be ex-
hibited on live models.
Charles ]. Columbus, who has sue
cessfully conducted three previous
style shows. will again have charge.
The exhibitors will be exclusively
Washington style creators, many Of
whom are in Paris at present. Many
visitors from neighboring towns will
be in the city at the time in connection
with the fall trade week. which is be-
ing boosted by the Retail Merchants
Associat ion.
The Washington herald., 1913-08-14

A bill to increase the salary OF the Vice
President to 5000 a year. beginning JAN
uary l. next. was introduced in the SEN
ate yesterday by Senator Willard Sauls-
bury Of Delaware and referred to the
Committee on Privileges and Elections.
The Washington herald., 1913-08-14
BIRTHS REPORTED.
WHITk

WHITE
Joseph and Catherine Offenbeher, boy.
Mattst and Carrie Koehner. boy.
Edward r. and Helen D. Hunt, boy.
Aloysius J. and Annie Z. Fealy. girl.
James Nc. and Virginia Chaconas, boy.
Joseph and Kate Curtin, girl.
James V. and Rosie Z. Baker, giri.
Charles H. and Mary c. Beavers. boy.
Alexander A. and Annie r Frieder. boy.
JAPANESE.
Nasakaee and Etsu Okabe, boy.
CoLoRED.
John r. and Mary ]. Lancaster. boy.
The Washington herald., 1913-08-14

Midnight, u; . a. m, g; a. M. s.: a. m, s.; s
a. m, 81: 10 a. m. s.; IL noon. 81: p m. 20:
=. m. Il; p. M. 20; p. m. %: 10 p m. 50.
Hishest Il lowest. s..
Relative humidity-s m, es; /, p. m. s.: p. m.
81. Rainfall "a =. m. to p M. oos Hous Of
sunshine o; per cent Of possible sunshine, o.
Temperature same date last year-Hishest, %; low
est, g.
The Washington herald., 1913-08-14
DEATH RECORD.
WHITE

WHITE
Charles Brennan. q years. lloe 18th st. NV.
Lovena 9. Davis. y, Siblcy Hospital
Gilbert N. Panahaker. 10. ll1s VT. Ava
John +. voeel e. ISL B ST. se.
John P. Polk. Il. 1906 Belmont 81. NV.
Henry A. Norton, %. Montgomery Apis.
COLORED.
Neal c. Simms. years. si4 B 81. se.
Wilbur Hawkins, ) months. Ffeedmen's Hospital.
John johnson, days, Freedmen's Hospital
The Washington herald., 1913-08-14
Can't. Bonrdnan Improving.

Capt. R. H. Boardman. chief Of detec-
tives. who has been confined to his home
suffering from a nervous breakdown. was
reported last night to be resting conf
fortably and to be considerably i'm
proved.