The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1913-07-28
SCRAP BOOK FOR TO-DAY

E SCRAP BOOk FUR IO-DAY | Peru's five million inhabitants will celebrate today the festival of inde-
 pendence, the great patriotic holiday 1 of the republic which has been built f upon the ruins of the empire of the | Incas and the viceroyalty Of Spain. The Peruvian Congress will convene | today for it's annual session of ninety days, and the gathering of the law
 makers is likely to be highly irnpor- | tant, since the ancient country is in a l fever of preparation for the opening | of the Panama canal. Unlike some
 South American peoples. the Peru vians entertain the most friendly feel l ings for the s'Yanks," and they ex-
 pect to benefit largely from Uncle
 Sam's ditch.
 1 It was on July 28, 1881, that the in-
 dependence of Peru was formally pro- l claimed. Sam Martin. the Argentine 1 liberators one of the noblest and most
 disinterested patriots that ever lived,
 drove the Spaniards from Lima, and l then voluntarily retired that the naughty and jealous Boliver might
 have supreme sway and enjoy the
 serves to rank among history's great
 est heroes, but his fame has been par
 tially eclipsed by that of the spectacu- l lar Bolivar. That great English sa1l- or of fortune, Admiral Lord Cochrane,
 Earl of Dundonald, also aided tre- mendousIy in gaining independence for Peru, and Lima has honored him with a magnificent statue. President Bill l inghurst, the present chief executive l of Peru, is a descendant of another
 Fnglishman who assisted in the mod l ern development of the old nation. 1 Peru, now facing a glorious future, can also boast of a civilization far older than that of any other New World country. Pizarro, whose mum | rnified remains may still be seen in the Lima cathedral, conquered by treach- cry and force the empire of the Incas, and founded Lima, 'stfle City of the
 Kings in 1535. The Peruvian capf- tal was a. gay metropolis when New York, Philadelphia and Montreal were undreanned of. The universities Of Lima and Cuzco Peru were flourish i irtg institutions long before the begin, hing of Harvard North Americas olG-
 est college. The city of Potosl, 'n sDp- l per Peru, now Bolivia, once had D population of 100000 and for century l was the largest city of the Western Hemisphere. The present population
 is orly zo,o 0. mostly Indians, but ruins attest to the former grandeur of Po- tosi.
 It was Henry Meiggs, a get-cic.1- quick rron oter, who fled to Peru to escape a North American prison, who lad the foundations for Peru's present prosperity by building the first rail roads into the interior. Nor:h Aner1- can and English money, muscle end brains are now covering Peru with a network of rails, opening up t!1e 1re- u,endeus mining, agricultural and For-
 est resources of the country, and transforming the land of the Incas iIl- u veritab1e Ill Dorado. Ono of these roads, TOW being constructed or brit ed States capital and labor. will ex- he of "a 9tES to the Amazon. To travel from Lima,
 near the Pacific, to Iquitos, the Peru vian port the Amazon. it was for=
 mer1y necessary to take ship to Pana- ia, New York and England or France thence to a Brazilian port where con- rection was made with the river boats to iIquitos. In the good old days of
 guano graft political henchmen were frequently rewarded with trips to Iqut- tos, via New York and Europe. Rub Der is now Peru's greatest source of wealth, since the guano fields have
 been exhausted, but many other in- dustries are hourishing. Peru has now fully recovered from the effects of it's disastrous war with Chile, but the two countries are still far from being on a friendly footing.
 The first rebellion against the fed eral government in the United States | was the .'whiskey insurrection'' of | western Pennsylvania, which had it's 1 beginning 122 years ago when a meet 1 ing was held in Brownsville, Pa, to protest against the imposition of an
 excise tax on spirits distilled from
 grain. This measure had been devis- ed by Alexander Hamilton to bring revenue into the treasury of the in | fant republic. It provided for tax i of from g to 25 cents a gallon, accord l ing to the strength Of the liquor. The farmers of western Pennsylvania were hard hit by the tax. Owing to the 1 high cost of transportation, they could | only by converting the product of their | fields into liquor. Feeling ran high after the Brownsville meeting, and one of the tax collectors was tarred and
 feathered. President Washington is- sued a proclamation in which he
 learn estly exhorted and admonished" 1 the rebelIious farmers, but they paid l no heed to it. Five hundred strong, 1 they attacked the house of Gen. Ne
 vile, western Pennsylvania revenue
 collector, and in the battle the leader 1 of the insurrection, John Holcroft, or
 Tom the Tinker was killed. The l insurrection was finally put down bye 1 federal troops under Lighthouse Harry Lee.
 The first step toward establishing
 the foreign missions movement in 1 America was taken 1O7 years ago to-
 day, when a few students of Williams College, at Williamstown, Mass, met to hold an open-air prayer meeting.
 Rain forced them to seek refuge in the shelter of a haystack, where they continued their devotions. While the storm was in progress Samuel J. Mills announced to his companions a plan
 for sending missionaries to foreign lands and the ultimate evangelization of the whole world. The scheme so
 appealed to the college boys that they banded themselves = together as thel
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