The herald-advance. (Milbank, S.D.) 1890-1922, 1913-04-11
CONGRESS GETS
WILSON MESSAGE
Brief Document Tells Purpose of
Extra Session.
MUST ALTER TARIFF DUTIES
Lawmakers Asked to Square the
Schedules With the Actual
Facts Of Industrial and
Commercial Life.

"noAlA6IoAS HplI o.
Wilson's message, read today to the
senate and house at the beginning of
the extra session, was a brief, point
ed document setting forth in general
terms what congress is expected to do
IN the matter Of tariff revision. The
message was as follows:
To the Senate and House OF Repre-
sentatives:
1 have called the congress together
in extraordinary session because a
duty was laid upon the party o in
power at the recent elections which 1t
ought to perform promptly, in order
that the burden carried by the people
under existing law may be l%ightened
as soon as possible and in order, also,
that the business interests of the
country may not be kept too long in
suspense as to what the fiscal changes
are to be to which they will be re-
CURED to adjust themselves. 1t is clear
to the whole country that the tariff
duties must be altered. They must
be changed to meet the radical altera-
ton in the conditions Of our economic
life which the country has witnessed
within the last generation.
While the whole face and method of
our industrial and commercial life
were being changed beyond recogni-
ton the tariff schedules AVE re-
manned what they were before the
change began, or have moved in the
direction they were given when no
large circumstance of our industrial
development was what it is today.
Our task is to square them with the
actual facts. The sooner that is done
the sooner we shall escape from suf-
fering from the facts and the SoOne
our men of business will be free to
thrive by the law of nature (the ma
ture Of free b~usiness) instead of by
the law of legislation and artificial ar
rangement.
Business Not Normal.
We have seen tariff legislation
wander very far afield in our day
very far indeed from the field in which
our prosperity might have had a nor
NAL growth and stimulation. No one
who looks the facts ~squarely in the
face or knows anything that lies be-
meath the surface Of action can fail to
perceive the principles Upon which
recent tariff legislation has been
based. We long ago passed beyond
the modest notion of protecting the
Industries Of the country and moved
boldly forward to the idea that they
were entitled to the direct patronage
of the government. For a long time
a time so long that the lei now active
in public policy hardly remember the
conditions that preceded tive have
sought in our tariff schedules to give
each group of manufacturers or pro-
ducers what they themselves thought
that they needed in order to
maintain a practically exclusive
market as against the rest Of the
world. Consciously or unconsciously,
we have built up a set OF privileges
and exemptions from competition be-
hind which it was Easy by any, even
the crudest, forms of combination to
organize monopoly; until at last moth
ing is normal, nothing is obliged to
stand the tests of efficiency and econ
cmy, in our world Of big business. but
everything thrives by concerted ar
rangement. Only new principles of
action will save us from a final hard
capitalization Of monopoly n a
complete loss of the influences that
quicken enterprise and keep indie
pendent energy alive.
1t is plain what those principles
must be-. We must abolish everything
kLot I1orc ox,n thn cnphJopoa ~ prtv-
tlege or of any kind of artificial ad-
vantage, and put our business men
and producers under the stimulation
Of a constant necessity to be efficient,
economical, and e%nterprising. masters
Of competitive supremacy, better
workers and merchants han any in
the world. Aside from the duties laid
upon articles which we do not, and
probably cannot, produce, therefore,
and the duties laid upon luxuries and
merely for the SAKE Of the revenues
they yield, the object OF the tariff du.
ties %henceforth laid must be effective
competition. the whetting OF Ameri
can wits by contest with the wits OF
the rest of the world.
Development, Not Revolution.
It would be unwise to move toward
this end %headlong, with reckless
haste. or with strokes that cut at the
very roots Of what has grown uI
amongst us by long process and 81
our own invitation. 1t does not alter
Q thing to upset 1t and break it and
deprive it of a chance to change. II
destroys it. W. must make changes
In our fiscal laws, in our fiscal system
whose object is development. a more
tree and wholesome development. MOI
revolution or upset or confusion. W.
must build up trade, especially for
eixn trade. We need the outlet mi
the enlarged field Of energy more
than we ever did before. We mus
build up industry as we'll and must
adopt freedom In the place of arti
fetal stimulation only SO far as it viii
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