davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1913-08-15
|CR|S|S IN MEXICO;
REVIEW OF CAUSES
Senator Fall of New Mexico
Discusses Conditions and
Proposes Remedy.
PLAN ADOPTED IN CUBA
ONLY COURSE OPEN TO U. S.
Intervention With Armed Forces for
Restoration of Orderly Govern
ment Is Recommended.

The Crisis in Mexico, and Its Cause
| is the title of an article by Senator
| Albert b. Fall of New Mexico which ap-
pears in this weeks issue OF Leslie's 3
Weekly. The editors note preceding
| the article says. in part:
1t Is doubtful whether any member of
either house of Congress has a better
knowledge of Mexico or the Mexican than
Senator Fall, who has lived and worked
with him.
Following an outline OF the various
races and classes that comprise the popu-
iation of Mexico, in which he divides the
people into three main classes-.O per cent
pure Indians, 80 per cent mixed, consti-
'utlns the peon class. and - per cent
pure blood descendants of the Spanish
Observation-Disclosures Fall has this to
say of tho causes and history of the
succession of revMutions that have
scourged Mexico since before the begin
ning of the last century:
After more than fifty years of almost
constant revolution. during which time
the form of government changed eight
or ten times, while very few of the
presidents, dictators or emperors con-
tlnued in Office more than one or two
revolutions, with the American -MeXi-
can war of 1S46-4S, and later the Max
lmiltan wal, was restored to some
semblance of peace by the successful
revolution OF Ponfirio Diaz.
Mexico's Strongest Men.
Among those who were coteInpo-
raries of DiaZ. and who are now dead
or each over eighty years of age, were
many of the strongest men whom Mex
leo mas ever produced. Treyino, Con
zales, Terrazas and many others of this
generation were men OF great force of
character ana intellect From the in
ausuration of the second term Of Diaz
really began "a new history OF Mexico
a standing army of sufficient
strength to answer the purposes was
recruited and disciplined. and law was
enforced and peace and order main
tdined throughout the entire republic
Railroads were built, affording easy
communication and enabling the army
to be moved rapidly from one point to
another. or concentrated in any
threatened danger zone. Telegraph
and later telephone lines were con-
structed, until they formed network
connecting the remotest mining camp
with some sarrlsOned town. The pub
lie debt known as the foreign debt or
that payable in foreign currency rs
also the internal debt, or that payable
III Mexican currency, was successfully
funded in 1899, and in 1910 the former
amounted to 900, ,396 pesos, and the
latter to 1880 1873 pesos. The interest
upon this debt was In 1910 being
the republic exceeded the interest ac-
count and the necessary expenditures
by something approSimating 100000
pesos per annum.
Evening star., 1913-08-15

great country. They could not and would
not surrender the accumulations of
lifetime, invested in a little Mexican ranch
and a few head of stock or in little
farm or mining prospect. and while
the majority attempted 10 send their fam
lilies away, many of the women refused
to leave their husbands and brothers.
The condition in Mexico is more or less
an asrar!an uprising Of a very ignorant
population. 40 per cent of whom cannot
read or write. and who are easily played
upon by demagogues: and yet. who are
naturally a kindly. generous and hospi-
table people. The conflict is irreconcilable.
and is complicated in every phase by
racial antagonism
] very much fear that the Mexican him
self will never be able To restore order.
certainly not under the leadership of a
man like Huerta.
One Way to Restore Order.
II the United States We're to see fiji
to intervene even with its armed forces
for the restoration of order and the nIain-
tenance OF peace until such time as n
president could be elected by the Mexi-
cans entitled to vote. and not simply by
| per cent of the voting populations: and
if such intervention was with the un-
derstanding communicated not only by
public proclamation, but BY commission
10 the Mexican people. that this country
had no intention Of seizing Mexico or
acquiring its territory, or disturbing its
laws or of administering it's government,
but that we intended TO retire, as We did
from Cuba, upon assurance of the pay
ment to Americans and all foreigners of
dana ges already done, together with the
expenses of such intervention and pacif1-
| cation. / believe and have reason to be-
| lieve from statements made by officers
| and soldiers of the regular army. and
! by officers and soldiers and citizens III
| sympathy with the opposition to the gov
| ernment. that the better class of people
! would flock 20 the assistance of the
United States, relying on our good faith.
i Within six months time they would
! have assisted us iii restoring order In
| Mexico to the extent of wiping out every
! bandit now infestng that country and
! establishing a peaceable. and, with oul
t assistance, a strong government. Failing
| intervention of this character. we should
! hold each faction responsible for the pro-
/ lection of lives and property within its
! DE- facto Jurisdiction. and use such force
| and means as may be necessary to insure
such protection and prompt punishment
! of willful offenders. If we must adopt
! this course. the arms and munition cX-
i cIusion act should be repealed.
Evening star., 1913-08-15
What Caucus Action Means.

''The action of the caucus last night.
said Senator Simmons. chairman OF the
finance committee, means that We are
ready to stay here until snow flies to
carry ou. the work before us. l believe
that ii will facilitate action on the tariff.
because the minority may know Just
what our purpose is
This Will serve notice on the repub-
licans that we can stay here just long
as they can and that will prolong
this into the regular session. If neces
sary.'
Senator Kern, chairman of the caucus
said that the action was preceded by
harmonious deliberation The motion for
a recess until November ] or u after the
passage Of the tariff bill, he asserted. re-
Evening star., 1913-08-15
Financial Interests Reviewed.

Discussing the financial interests OF the
country and showing tnat American in
vestments are far in excess of those of
any other country, Senator Fall shows
that railroads, banks. plantations, mines.
timberlands. factories of various kinds,
hotels. etc. in Mexico are financed as
follows: American Investments. S1Oo7,-
10000 English investments. S321 .3o2, SJ1;
French investments. s14j, 446 ,OGO; Mexican
investments, s732. 1877, 2lo; all others, s11S,-
J3J, $50.
THE above figures. Senator Fall
writes. ARE known not to be absolutely
correct, but are approximately so. Diaz
was an absolute ruler, supported by the
governors of the different states each
absolute in his own state. each maintain
tanned in office and often changed from
one state to another by order of the
president and each i'll turn loyal to and
supporting the supreme power vested in
Porfirio DiaZ.
Evening star., 1913-08-15
Causes of Unrest.

OF course. this condition of affairs
pressed resentment in the different states
The younger generation of MeXicans
growing up and being imbued with more
democratic ideas; the 30 per cent popu-
latiOn gaining more OF less education
through the somewhat widely distributed,
though OF course more or less defective
school system: the circulation of news
papers throughout the country: the en-
gaging by large numbers Of the popula-
tiop in labor generally for Americans
upon railroads. electric roads, electric
light and power plants. mines etc. where
they could appreciate the difference In
the Treatment received at the hands of
the American and Mexican employer: the
annual exodus of tens of thousands of
workingmen from Mexico to the United
States, where they constituted and yet
constitute the working force on the rail-
road sections from FL PasO to San Fran
cisco, and through the state of Texas on
the Texas Pacific, and Southern Pacific
and north on the Rock Island and Santa
Fe: the employment of these men in the
beet sugar fields in Colorado, and in the
cotton fields of Texas and Louisiana: the,
emigration of this class In their broad
bIlmmed straw hats with their bare feet
only protected by the sandal with all
their little belongings tied in a cotton
rag; their annual return i'm American
clothes, in American shoes. and with a
valise holding their surplus clothing: all
such influences have for years nodded
the middle class and the few Indians who
have felt them into different beings from
the Poems, PeiadOs or Indians whom,
DiaZ knew In 1876.
Evening star., 1913-08-15
Deadly Effect of Proclamation.

The americans all over Mexico. in the
little mining camps and in the out-of-the-
way isolated places. as well as in the
cities, Immediately felt the deadly effect
upon the minds of the Mexican people
of this proclamation. Desperate efforts
were made TO get the women and chill
drcn cut of the country. Many have for
various reasons been unable TO leave and
thousands of these people were the pio-
neers. and sons of the pioneers, and de-
scendants Of those who have made this
Evening star., 1913-08-15
So-Called Liberal "Junta y

Present conditions are even mora
largely due to the exile of manv lib-
eral and progressive men as well as
agitators. and the formation of the So
called liberal junta'' In St Louis in
1906: to the dissemination by this com
mittee of militant socialistic and anar-
chistic literature through the columns
of their paper. La Regeneration. and
mentos" and plans tplatforms). for
warded to their agents i'm every town
and hamlet in eighteen states, and
more or less thoroughly distributed in
the other states Of the republic: to the
PRONUNCIATION by this committee and
circulation of literature concerning tho
plank in the platform of these asi-
tators calling for the "contiscation" of
real estate and property which had
been acquired by the ruling class as
II was claimed. by graft and by favor
and without due compensation to the
nubljc treasury The Indians were
urged to remember that the land be-
lonsed to their forefathers: that the
mines were in the hills before the
Spaniards came, and were told that.
through allegiapce to the liberal party
and itsEso-called principles, that which
had been taken from their ancestors
and themselves would be restored.
The "junta" urged its followers and
symna thjzers to join with Madero and
overthrow the despot Diaz: they were
told that with DiaZ overthrown they
could add should. AT the earliest op-
nortunity. overthrow Madero In his
nnian, of san Luis Potosi. Madero
adopted a plank calling attention to
the robbery of the people of the lands
which should have been theirs He
promised restitution of such property
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1913-07-31
INDEBTED TO THE INDIANS,
lT,,c Manchester Irnion.N

(T''r Manchester Union.)
The No n American Indian gave
to civilized man maize and tobacco.
If the latter ~'st was an evil, the for
mer more than balanced accounts.
and now the sailings of the Diana re-
calls the fact that the Indian invent
ed pemmican. 1t is not popular as an
article of diet and in the States" can
not compete successfully with any of
the new breakfast foo'S but it has
been found wellright indispensable to
the Arctic explorer from DIR. Kane
to the present time.
The Indian needed food that he
could carry on long marches without
overburdening himself. He was fore
ed to be his own commissary depart
ment, and he invented a pressed cake
OF powdered meat, fat and dried fruits
or corn meal which is said to con-
tain more nourishment than any of
the other condensed food in so small
n package. The Indian taught the
scout and trapper, and from the scout
and trapper Dr. Kane got his idea
The sealer Diana, in which DR. Mac
MILAN will make his search for
Crocker land. took $4,000 pounds OF
pemmican on board at Boston The
news dispatches call it New England
pemmican. as they would speak OF
Boston baked beans 1t is New
England product, all right but it was
the Indians who invented it.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1913-07-31

the boy who doesn't smoke is almost
an exception.
Society puts before its youth the re-
sorts, the devices and the corruptive
agents that are slaughter house of
boys and girls. 1t gives youth license
to smoke, to stand on the street cor
ner and by evasion of law to drink.
The boy gangster on the street corr
ner tonight is the gunman of tomor-
row The boy gangs do to the street
vendors just what grown-up gunner
do to the innocent citizens, molest and
plunder them and learn the tricks of
the Fagans and Bill Sykses of real
life.
The smoking boys. the drinking
boys and the boy gangs show no signs
of decrease In numbers and activity.
The figures of boy criminals are
swiftly mounting. The police and 9TH
er authorities are already declaring
that the boy criminals are the most
reckless and the worst with which
they have to deal.
Society provides the great mill for
manufacture of evil surroundings and
corruptlng agencies and then forces
youth into contact with them all. 1t
permits, tolerates and perpetuates
multiplied and associated resorts of
all kinds of degradation that are a
slaughter pen of youth. 1t brings the
children into the world and before
they reach their teens turns the gray
wolves of the street upon them
We pray, we preach. we teach, we
advise, we proclaim, we howl about
the increase of crime and go right on
loosing the beasts of jungletowns up
on unprotected children. We shrek
| and scream about the multiplying
number of criminals. but go right or
manufacturing criminals by standing
our youth up face to face with every
artifice of temptation and downfall.
God hep the children.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1913-07-31
CIRCUMSTANCES.

She was only small girl, but even
little people can be naughty some
times, and this was one Of the occa-
tions when Mabel had kicked over the
traces.
Naturally mamma was terribly an
cry, and Mabel was dispatched to the
regions aloft where, in her mothers
bedroom, she was hidden sit upon a
certain chair pending further instruc-
tions from headquarters.
The particular instructions were
long delayed, from Mabel's point OF
view, and after half an hour she ven-
tured to query in childish treble:
"Mambma. may I come down now?
I promise I'll be good"
Headquarters was still huffy and
waited up the stairs the reply:
mo, you just sit where you are
till call you"
"All right" came in sing-song tone
from the bedroom, "all right, NAM
ma, only I'm sitting on your best
hat!"-Gulf States Presbyterian.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1913-07-31
BY THE SCISSORS
sLAYING OUR CHILDREN.
(Oregon Journal.)

(Oregon Journal)
After receiving a sentence of ten
years in the penitentiary, Ray Dia-
mond said:
My advice to the boys of oregon
is to leave whiskey and tobacco alone
Dime novels didn't give me the idea
of breaking into the Glendale bank.
Whiskey and tobacco are to blame"
Ray Diamonds mother supplement-
ed her sons warning to the boys of
Oregon. AS she stood weeping in the
Douglas county Jail at Roseburg, she
said
Il hope every boy and young man
will take Rays advice. Not only be-
cause it will save them from ruin. but
because it will keep grief from moth
ers. l do wish my boy had taken his
own advice"
Ray Diamonds testimony is almost
as old as time. 1t is the testimony
that is repeated every day from every
Jail and every penitentiary 1t is a
warning that has been proclaimed
from every gibbet and every electric
chair. 1t is a warning that has come
down in the screams and shrieks Of
the convicted and condemned through
the centuries since society was organ
ized and governments established.
In all this world. the guiluest thing
is collective society which brings chill
dren into the world and places before
them the means for their own de-
struction. Boys of eighteen or nine
teen staggering drunk along the
streets of Portland are not an infre-
quent sight. Boys OF ten, twelve and
upwards putting cigarettes along the
streets of Portland are common
sight SO many Portland boys in
their teens are confirmed smokers that
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1913-07-31
CURIOUS OLD WEAPONS.

A remarkable collection of old
weapons procured by George Kennan,
writer and traveller, during one of his
trips to Russia, has been lent to the
National museum. Among them Is
one sword of particular interest, that
OF a Russian executioner. It has a
long. broad curved blade. bearing on
one side an inscription of silver. in
laid in steel, God help me to over
come my enemies in the mountains
and on the steepes," while on the 9TH
er side is the record of campaigns
against the Caucasian mountaineers
in 1887. The handle is of plain black
wood; the scabbard is decorated in
silver gilt and red velvet, with re-
pousse ornamentaion.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1913-07-31
FATHER SHOULD HAVE SAID:

In recent issue we told the story
of boy who wrote home for a sup
ply of cash. Appended to the boys
letter was the following postscriptum:
81 felt so ashamed at having asked
you to send me $40 that I ran to the
postoffice to get my letter back. Un-
fortunately, it had gone"
So much for the story. c. L. Mich
OILS sends the following excellent ad-
dition:
The boys father answered as fol-
lows:
My Dear Son: am sorry you had
that trip to the postoffice and felt
shame at what you wrote. 1t was
all for nothing. l never received your
letter Affectionately,
YOUR FATHER"
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1913-07-31
"~~o~~$

In Portland the first industrial well
fare conference has just been held
and the conference
The Minimum reports in favor of
Wage Law. minimum wage of
1854 per week for
women working nine hours day in
factories in Portland The report was
agreed upon after the conference had
listened to evidence showing that
working woman in Portland cannot
subsist properly on lower wage. The
conference. as required by law, was
composed of three parties represent
ing the employers affected, three
parties representing the workers af-
fected and three representing the pub
lie or members of the Industrial We'll
fare commission.
The procedure now will be for this
conference TO submit its report to the
Industrial Welfare commission which
may accept or reject any or all of the
recommendations made. If the COM
fission wishes to carry out any of the
suggestions it will call a public meet
ing, for which four weeks notice will
be given, and at that public meeting
all favoring or opposing the sugges-
tions must be given a hearing. After
that meeting the commission makes
its order and it becomes effective
within so days. Any employer vio-
lating the order will be guilty of a
misdeameanor and he will also be
subject to a civil suit under which the
employe that has been underpaid may
recover the legal amount of wages
due together with attorney fees
Thus we see Oregon's minimum
wage law for women in actual opera
alton. Incidentally it is the first law
of the sort to be adopted in any state
of the union and 1t is to our credit
that this advanced step should be
taken here first 1t is a just law. II
il is now the function of the state,
through the railroad commission. to
see that public service corporations
make proper profits, and if our COM
mission is even to go so far as TO
compel one telephone company TO
double its rates in order to benefit a
rival company-then is it not time for
the law to do something for the pro-
lection of the women and children who
work for a livelihood. If the law is to
guarantee a minimum dividend for
capital must it not in fairness set a
wage standard below which employ
ers may not go?
There are some who think Oregon
does not need such law at present
because manufacturing work is light
in this state. But that is one reason
why the law is wholesome. We viii
have more manufacturing later anc
more workers after the Panama cana
is i'm operation BY getting a mini
mum wage law into operation no"
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1913-07-31

Oregon is preparing for the future
We will prepare for an Industrial life
or sound basis-for wages suffici-
emily high to enable the workers to
at least live in health and decency. II
is not much to do ana the state can
Lot afford to do less
~S~~s~S@~
There has been some street criti-
c!sm because the committee appoint
ed to draft commits
Working in sion government charter
The Open. is representative of all
classes and has given
due recognition to the. women voters,
The critics seem to have the idea that
a charter should be framed behind
closed doors by a small group of dis
urguished business and professional
men and that the so-called average
citizen should have nothing to do with
the matter
But the critics are wrong, not the
committee. The charter is intended
Tor the whole people, women as well
as men, and not for any particular
sort of people. The fact that the
charter committee is representative
and is proceeding in frank and open
manner in everything it does is whole
some. 1t means safety for the people
and for the city and it will be re-
markable if this course does not meet
with general approval and improve
the chances for commission govern
ment for Pendleton.
An instance showing the value of the
quick mind over the mind that is more
d e liberate oc-
A Quick Mind Cured in Ger
For an Emergency. many last week.
Two men, ap-
parently of about the same grade of
intelligence and courage, had hold of
the ropes of an airship when the ship
broke from its moorings and got away.
One fellow quickly realized that in
time he would have to drop and con-
cluiing that the sooner the better let
go his hold when but 80 feet from the
ground. He was bruised but not SER
! iously hurt. The other man held on
until the airship had risen 600 feet
into the air when his strength gave
out and he dropped to the ground, be-
where the mind of quick decision sue.
ceeded while the slower and more
ponderous mind brought failure.
>~~~e~~.~
In refusing to give the city re-
hearing in the Johns case the supreme
court stand:
Law as il is Given. fast by it's decis
ion wherein I
ruled that Mr.. Johns does not have tC
pay for his paving work because of
slight technical error that deceived nC
one and was fully offset by a mai
or plat accompanying the paving spe
cifications. The East Oregonian can
not interpret the decision otherwise
than that our supreme court is strong
| lou Iottt
III upholding its spirit. We will fee
even stronger on this score if the fu
ture should reveal the fact that th'
city of Pendleton must bear the ex
pense of paving Jackson street. l
would not be safe for anyone seeking
to enter heaven to use on st. Pete
the brand of logic employed by thu
Oregon supreme court
~~e~>>~
Mr.. English believes that the Unit
&c states should retain the Philippine
even though this government gets poo
compensation for the work it is doini
there. But Uncle Sam has been car
rying on such work for Is years will
little thanks and much risk from
military standpoint. How mucl
longer will it be necessary to stay witt
poor bargain?
Here's hoping that heat wave vii
be entirely satisfied to stay east of tn
Rockies.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1913-07-31

Here, miss. is precisely what you
want for 25 cents" said the clerk.
only 25 cents! Why. he's much
further advanced than that. for the
last month he played piece worth
SO cents. Haven't you something at
rs cents?"
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1913-07-31
SUMMER IN THE CITY.

70 rays that crush the city's iron
heart
With heavy heat and burden
, ing gifts of fire,
When will ye cease. and when 4
, will ye depart,
Relentless now with tortur-
, ing desire?
} Night follows night in dull mo-
} notony,
, And the red moon, with lone
ly lantern swings
High in the heavens, an awful 4
mockery
OF her pale sister of the van 4
ishing Springs.
% days of death, o pitiless nights 4
, of pain, 4
o long battalions of the 4
cleaning sword.
Ye shall be vanquished when the 4
ranks of rain 4
Rush from the mighty ram 4
parts of the Lord.
Charles H. Towne in Harper's.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1913-07-31
IN MIRTHFUL VEIN
HIS MUSICAL, PROGRESS

Il desire" said a young woman
from the country, entering a music
shop in town the other day. ito pur-
chase a piece of music for my little
nephew, who plays on the piano"