davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-07-06

ence without the influence of conscious
art, as a spontaneous utterance, filled
with characteristic expression OF the
feelings Of a people. Such songs are
marked by certain peculiarities OF
rhythm, form and melody which are
traceable, more or less clearly, to racial
Tor nationar temperament, modes OF
life, climatic and political conditions,
geogra phicaI environment and Ian
guaee. Some Of these elements, the
spiritual, are elusive, but others can be
determined and classified.
Though the present purposes are almost
purely musical, it will be we'll to consider
that in the folksongs Of the world there
lies body of evidence Of great value in
the study Of many things which enter into
the science of ethnology, such as racial re-
lations, primitive modes Of thought
ancient customs and ancient religions. On
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-07-06
REFLECTS LIFE OF PEOPLE.

1.-THE folksong composes itself (Dds
VoIksHed. dichtet SIGH selbsD, said Grimm.
This is true despite the obvious fact that
every folksong must once have been the
utterance Of an individual What Is
meant by the axiom is that the creator OF
the folksong is an unindividualized repre-
sentative OF his people. himself a folk
product His idioms are taken OF the
tongue Of the people his subjects are the
things which make for JOY and sorrow OF
the people. and once his song is gone out
into the world his identity as its creator
is swallowed up In that of the people
Not only is his name forgotten, but his
song enters at once upon series OF trans
formations. which (such is the puissant
genius OF the people, adapt II to varying
circumstances Of time and place without
loss TO its vital loveiness The creator
OF a folksong as an individual is passing
phenomenon-like a wave Of the sea. His
potentiality is racial or national, not per-
sonal. and for that reason IL Is enduring,
not ephemeral AS a necessary corollary
II follows that the music Of the folksong
reflects the inner life OF the people that
gave IL birth and that its characteristics,
like the peoples physical and mental hap
it's. occupations methods and feelings are
the product Of environment, as set forth
in the definition.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-07-06
Heavy Adverse Over
line Scores Tempt
Many Players to
Cast Judgment
- Aside.

One OF the strangest phenomena In the
game OF auction Is found in the play OF
hands with heavy adverse overtime scores.
= Heavy penalties in the adversaries
honor column generally indicate poor
work at some previous stage. But, once
there, they certainly fully play the devils
role. and II takes a strong, well balanced
PLAYER 10 avoid the temptings Of the situ-
alton. Many players of good rating for
conservative bidding will take chances
entirely unwarranted. while the ordinary
PLAYER is sure 10 nail the flag high up
and trust TO luck 10 come out alive
The human nature analysts can ind
ample material in this situation at auc-
ton. II one should set out TO play hum
dred rubbers at a set game, he could
readily figure the points wasted In sense
less attempts TO stay in the game. AS
we have before remarked, the present
rubber is not the last card game In the
world. II you lack the warranted strength
20 attempt the saving Of game and rub
her. pass and let good play on other rub
bers raise your average of points won on
all rubbers. The slogan Of local player,
namely. "Don't-there are others would
be a good motto for the situation.
And a strange feature Of the matter is
that II works both positively and mega
lVely.'
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-07-06
HIS SEA OF TROUBLES.

At recent gathering OF good feI0"@
George Arliss, who is now stafrihs
"Disraeli." told the following good SUI,
Some years ago In London Sir he~,
Irving was playing Hamlet to the u.s. 81,
appreciative audience A guardsmah Va
had returned after a number OF year,
service In India had drifted into inc ~.
atre and occupied good seat Ai.s, =.
first scenes. In which the Prince Oh p
mark is, prominent. the soldier turneu a.,
an undecided air to the man VIM
next to him.
Does that young fellow in black '0'''
on very often?" a.,
"Oh. yes; pretty much OF the u'n'
the rest Of the evening" -
"Oh, H. said the guardsmah' -.
reached under the seat for his hat
pincotts
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-07-06
NORTH OVERZEALoUS.

South. in making his original bid one
higher than necessary was probably car
ried away by length and high honors in
the suit He wanted 10 make his declara-
ton emphatic. Why he should do this or
what good purpose II would ultimately
serve is not easily understood. His part
ner was well aware OF the state OF the
score and no special Injunction calling for
the observance of aggressive action was
needed. A long solid diamond suit would
have been an incentive for partner
placed In south's position to invite his
partner by the usual high suit bid 10 take
chances on a no trump. But South's suit
neither possessed the characteristic men,
toned nor was II OF individual strength
so pronounced as TO make 1t desirable 10
usurp the make. condition possible to
be inferred from a two declaration,
though not In a suit OF major value.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-07-06
INSPIRATION OF SUFFERING.

II Herbert spencer's physiological
ANALYSIS OF the origin OF melody is cor
rect, the finest, because the truest. the
most intimate. folk music Is that pro-
voked by suffering The popular mind
does not always think so Of music It's
attitude is reflected in the phrase: "Oh,
I'm so happy could sing all day" But
do we sing when We are happy? Song, II
is true is natural expression Of the
carefree and light hearted. but II Is
oftener an expression OF a superficial
than a profound feeling. We leap, run.
toss our arms. indulge in physical action
when in an ecstasy Of Joy; In sorrow We
sit motlonless but oftener than we are
ourselves conscious OF the fact, we seek
comfort In song In the popular nomen-
clature OF music the symbols or gayety
and gravity are the major and minor
fnodes. II is n broad characterization. and
not strictly correct from a scientific point
OF view. but il serves TO point general
rule. the exceptions to which (the Afro
American folksongs form one OF them
invite interesting speculation
Comparative analysis OF the folksongs
OF widely distributed countries has
shown that some peoples are predisposed
toward the minor mode. and In some
cases explanations OF the fact can be
found IN the geographical, climatic or
political conditions under which these
peoples have lived In the past or are
living now. AS . general rule. II will be
found that the peoples OF high ATTITUDES
use the minor mode rather than the
major. A study OF one hundred songs
from every one Of twenty-five countries
made by Carl Ensel (See his 'Introduc-
ton TO the study OF National Music'D
disclosed that Of the six most predomi-
nantly minor countries OF Europe FIVE
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-07-06
FoLKsONG DEFINED.

Only because l cannot see how para
phrase would improve it in respect OF
sententiousness. clearness or comprehen-
siveness 1 make use Of definition which
/ wrote a decade ago for THE Musical
Guide"-a dictionary Of terms and much
else edited by Rupert Hughes and pub
nshed by Mcclure, Phillips & Co.:
FoIksone is not popular song In tho
sense in which the word is most fire.
quentIy used, but the song Of the folk;
not only the song admired Of the people
but, in a strict sense, the song created
by the people. II is a body Of poetry
and music which has come into exist
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-07-06
WAINAMolNEN, THE oRPHEUs OF THE Firms.

tarily the muscles Of the vocal organs con-
tract or relax in obedience 10 an emotional
stimulus, and the drama Of feeling play
ing on the hidden stage OF our hearts is
betrayed by the tones which we utter.
These tones. without purpose on our part,
have become endowed with the qualities
Of gravity and acuteness (pitch), loud
ness and softness (dynamics) and emo
tional color (timbre), and out OF the
union and incubation of these elements
comes expressive melody. Herbert Spenc-
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-07-06
80 AUCTION BRdDGL! CLlr

only chance for the opponents lay in
deferred spade lead On a low lead by
West the final outcome would depend on
what action North should take with his
krg-iack suit. A wrong guess in the
situation. though hardly likely TO occur.
would still leave him the recipient OF con-
siderable benefit through the make. The
value OF a high honor count and the score
Of an advanced game recorded on their
side OF the score sheet would look far
more pleasant to North and South than
an overtime score Of the adversaries.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-07-06

Score, love-all. second game, East and
West one game In.
South declared two diamonds, but his
partner took him out with two no trump
North's declaration was the direct re-
suit OF his partners unnecessarily high
bid Having originally intended TO de-
clare hearts he decided that a two bid
on only four trumps was decidedly too
risky. As neither OF the opponents held
cards TO warrant bidding, the contract
was held by North.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-07-06
THE LURE OF LUCK.

II is curious how these heavy overtime
scores will urge players to destructive
measures they ordinarily would avoid.
Why plain common sense should be
thrown TO the winds In the hope OF UNDUE
good luck just because the rubber whose
loss is threatened happened to be OF some
what greater proportions than usual Is
one of the mysteries Of auction. Reckless
bidding cannot change the cards. II a
preponderance Of strength 10 with the ad-
versaries nothing can save rubber ex-
cept sometimes a promised bonus. heavy
enough 10 pay the opponents and usually
out Of proportion TO the promised DEMENT'S
little calm reasoning often goes a
great way in deciding a players action
II East had given only a little thought TO
the situation he would have dropped ag-
grcssive tactics and assumed the defen-
sive. Although his (Easts) supporting
bid lent acquiesence TO the declaration,
his partner failed TO respond later when
South increased his diamond bid. That in
itself should have acted as a warning and
put East on his guard. Evidence OF weak
ness Of the adyersaries was also shown
at a diamond declaration when North
failed 10 support his partner on the initial
round Of bidding. Correspondingly II
could have been taken as a sign OF ad-
verse strength 10 some degree when West
failed TO overcall South later. Leaving
aside any thought Of the outcome at a
three diamond declaration. the situation
did not logically call for offensive action.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-07-06

this point something shall be said later.
Folksongs are echoes of the heart beats
OF the vast folk. and in them are pre-
served feelings, beliefs and habits OF vast
antiquity. Not only in the words which
have almost monopoized folksong study
thus far, but also in music, and perhaps
more truthfully in the music than in the
words Music cannot like for the reason
that the things which are at its base the
things without which It could not be. are
unconscious, unvoltional human products
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-07-06

with 56S points in their overtime score;
rubber game.
South declared one diamond, which
West overcalled with one heart North
declared two clubs and East, anxious for
game with a heavy overtime score against
him. supported his partner by declaring
two hearts.
Ordinarily South would have given his
partner additional information concerning
his hand by showing his holding In roy
ais, but ne was cunning for bigger game
Aware Of the tendency to overbid, where
the adversaries' declaration, II success
full, carries a heavy honor score in addi-
ton to the benefits of rubber, South did
not desire to place any obstacles In the
opponents path TO self-destruction. Feel
ing quite sure that East's supporting bid
would encourage West 20 carry the bid
ding higher, South declared three dia-
mOnds
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-07-06
PlAY-oFF DISMAYs EAST.

South opened with the king Of diamonds.
East, seeing the suit stopped a second
time with four TO the ten In dummys
hand. Immediately won the trick with
his ace. East led the king Of hearts. and,
holding the trick. followed It with the ten.
Dummy was in with the Jack OF hearts to
run off the balance of the suit. depending,
OF course, on a favorable break.
AS the break did not develop East de-
cided to get his clubs under way, leading
the eight from dummy North won the
trick with the king. Noting his partners
discard of a diamond. he led a low spade
and South was in with the jack. AS
dummy was valueless without re-entries,
South had no hesitation In running on
his two high diamonds.
The final tricks for East and West were
made with the king Of spades, when that
suit had been cleared up by the OPP
ponents. and with a club at the thir-
teenth trick giving East and West total
of five tricks.
. North and South therefore scored 400
points above the line.
Whether the ace Of hearts was played
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-07-06
EXPLANATION OF NORTH.

The excuse that he volunteered after
ward, that he did not feel called upon to
take any chances with a heavy overtime
score In his favor. was not pertinent. His
partner was fully acquainted with the
situation. South. by his action In bidding,
showed Enthusiastically his desire to end
the rubber without further delay. North
had the proper assistance TO give his part
ner. and therefore was TO be censured for
for not doing so. The overtime score here
was tho DOGGY.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-07-06

Auction presents many phases OF human
nature. and almost fulfils the doctrine OF
reward for right and punishment for
wrong. Every false step is nearly sure
TO cause regret. and the player who sows
the wind resps the whirlwind.
The following hand played at Troy
club Shows the usual result when an
overanxious player seeks too eagerly to
even up the score The hand:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-07-06

We act on a recognition OF this fact "hen
we Judge Of the feelings OF one win
whom we are conversing not so mucn py
" hat he says to us as by the manner IN
which he says IT, The feelings whlcn
sway him publish themselves In the pitch
dynamic intensity and timbre OF his voice
Try as we may, IL We are powerruh'
moved we cannot conceal the fact 81 we
omen our mouths for utterance Invo'un-
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-07-06
THE PlAY-OFF KEEN.

East. selecting the spade suit as the
more promising of his two four-card suits,
opened with the deuce The trick was
won by North's king taking Vests queen
North now made his play for dummy's
diamond suit by leading the nine OF dia-
monds. The hnesse. of course. was taken
In dummy's hand and West was In with
the king.
Returning his partners suit. West led
the four Of spades to show length. East.
sizing up the situation properly. played
the ten Of spades on North's six. The wis
dom Of this play was shown a moment
later, when East after leading the ace Of
spades, was enabled TO throw the lead
into Vests hand by his foresight In hold
Ing up lower card than his partner for
the final trick In the suit. An extra trick
was the reward when. on Vests lead OF a
club. East made two tricks with his ten
ace.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-07-06
WEST AVOIDS THE TRAP.

West was wary, however, and passed
Eis holding in the opponents suit decla-
ration no doubt influenced him. Four
trumps, no matter how small, that can be
drawn only at the expense of the oppo-
nents high cards are not TO be lightly
valued.
East furnished the additional heart bid,
however. declaring three in the suit
North also increased his partners decla-
ration and bid four diamonds on hand
sufficiently strong to justify his course.
East now declared three no trurpps. II
East's idea was 10 stay in the game at
all hazards. II Ia difficult to understand
why he did not choose four hearts for his
fag-fying vehicle.
AS South's hopes had been realized In
East's bid, he doubled, and the hand was
played at that contract.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-07-06
The characteristics Of Foksongs in General Discussed
Opening Article-ADe niton-Creeatlve Influences
Rhvthms and Modes-PossibiEhes Of the Study

or has formulated the law: Feelings are
muscular stimuli and VARIATIONS vi
voice are the physiological results OF Vari-
atoms Of feeling" In this lies the simple
explanation of the inherent truthfuiness
and expressiveness Of the music which
folk creates for itself.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-07-06
THE PlAY-OFF.

North and South made the Ave tricks
10 which ordinary play entitled them.
Their adversaries therefore lost their con-
tract by one trick, which. In points,
amounted practically to nothing on &C
count Of their honor score.
With any encouragement from his part
ner South would have gone as high as a
FIVE heart declaration. A contract at this
figure could easily be fulfilled. as only
two tricks would be possible for East
and West. These tricks must be made al
the start or discards on dummy's club
suit would give North and South a small
slam.
North should have supported his part
ner. What his partner wanted was sup
port in plain suits. not trumps. His two
bid showed he was literally supplied with
hearts. North's extreme weakness I'm
trumps. with the danger OF an opponent
too plentifuly endowed. would, at a dec
laration OF one, have found proper ex-
preston in a pass. But at a declaration
of two, matters were different. With a
five-card suit. possibly lacking only the
king to be solid. and another fair suit.
their value almost sure to be realized
after the exhausting OF the adverse
trumps, North should have recognized In
his partners bid the promised trump
strength necessary TO accomplish the de-
sired end. and properly supported him.
Whatever misgivings he might have held
should have been entirely dspelled when
his partner on his own voltion Increased
his declaration 10 a higher figure.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-07-06
Some Instances Of the
Reward Of Sound
Play and the Cost
illness Of False
Steps.
VI N'"ec NioiHN""S' WIN VIZ
{ that point.
ACTUAL PLAY PECULIAR.

In the actual play as sent us, SCUM
opened the bidding with a three-spade
declaration. West overcalled with TWO
diamonds. and North went to two hearts
East doubled two hearts. South and Wes'
passing. North took himself out OF me
double with two royals. East passed ana
upon the bidding coming around to Wess
he went three diamonds North aA'
East passing. South went TO three roysls
and the declaration was doubled by Eas'
upon HE turn and the contract was p!ayea
at that figure. North and South maee
the contract OF three royals douoIeu
going game and rubber and adding some
nice points to the score In the set ssm'
contest.
The normal bid OF the hand should "
one spade and three diamonds Tor ts
purpose OF shutting out any other o'o',
II possible. In that case, North eou.s
make no declaration. and East and sou'A
would be equally helpless and the tnt"
diamond contract would be easily mso'
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-07-06
THE NEGATIVE EFFECT.

The overtime score seems also to have
the effect OF destroying the good judgment
He is likely TO become overcautious and
throw away sure points and good gains
from earned and liquidated rubbers.
The player who would not invest in a
good first mortgage lost some profits on
the following hand:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-07-06
HIS pessIMIsTIc VIEWS.

why don't you try to be more W
uar?" ..s
Jaw. what does a popular map gel o.
Of life except bigger crowd al y"
neral?"-Louisville Courier-Journs-
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-07-06

What would you do with the hand. as
Stunning you were each player in turn.
with the cards unexposed?
The action revolves around the original
declaration. Many select royal. while
the majority declare one spade, some few
stu clinging to the questionable three
spade convention.
Correspondents are unit that second
hand should declare diamonds. the ma
jority choosing two (some three dia-
monds, with North overcalling with two
hearts. East surprisingly gets a majority
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-07-06

Score. love-all rubber game.
South declared two hearts and West
bid two royals North passed.
With high honors in a trump suit OF
considerable length. South. though I'M
supported by his partner, felt warranted
In increasing his original declaration and
accordingly declared three hearts This
time. however. West left further in
crease 10 his partner. who assumed the
responsibility and declared three royals
on a somewhat doubtful supporting hand
South now passed. Without sure
winner among his six cards in plain
suits he evidently, decided that II would
be folly TO attempt TO withstand the OPP
ponents' attack unaided by his partner
AS North failed to increase his part
ner's declaration. the adversaries' three
royal declaration held the contract.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-07-06
THE CONTRACT UNQUALIFIED.

The full measure OF success that at
tended East's careful play was illustrated
when the final count showed North and
South to be one trick short OF their con-
tract.
At heart declaration North and South
would probably have gone game. The
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-07-06
were the most northern ones. his figures
hotro fotInWa.

Melancholy is thus seen TO be the char
acteristic note Of Scandinavian music
which refle the gloom of the fjords and
forests and fearful winters Of the north
ern peninsula, where nature makes hui
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-07-06
ANSWER TO QUERY HAND.

The query hand Of June 20, sent from
Baltimore. mas brought forth about as
many different solutions as could be i'm
agined. The hand was az follows:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-07-06

from dummy before losing the lead or not
would not affect the final result The
queen Of hearts established as result
OF a third heart lead would leave North
finally without a losing club.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-07-06
a STRIKING CASE IN POINT.

The following hand. played at local
club. illustrates the positive effect in get
ting deeper in the hole with heavy ad-
verse honor score. The hand:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-07-06

Score. 30 in favor of North and South
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-07-06

Continued on sixth page.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1913-09-27
WILL ENLARGE THE
LAFAYETTE HOTTL

J. w. Crossen and wife are at Reno
taking in the State Fair. The genial
proprietor of the Lafayette hotel has
his first vacation since he became pro-
prietor of Winnemueca popular hos
tlery. The Lafayette hotel is being
thoroughly renovated and just before
Crossen departee for Reno he an
nounced the building of a concrete
modernized addition of 40 rooms to
the hotel. Under the Crossen pro-
prietorship the hotel is crowded to it's
capacity, with transients turned of
nightly. To accommodate this in
creased business compels the new up
to-date addition to the Lafayette
hotel.