davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1913-09-26

Tommy Leach to succeed Evers as
manager Is the latest program mapped
out by Cub rumor mongers. II Leach
fails then Bresnahan will be tried.
they proclaim.
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1913-09-26

Heinie Zimmerman has another in
centive for being good" McGraw
has promised him trip around the
world. Ping Bodie has been prom.
lsed the same thing.
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1913-09-26

Artie Holman is playing come.
back role with the Nashville Southern
League club and It is probable that he
will be with the New York Yankees IN
1914.
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1913-09-26

ering the whole of the German en-
pire, the employers organizations
now.rnumber 133.458 members. cover.
ing 4,37s,275 workers OF both sexes.
For: frightening burglars there has
been invented a fashlight that resem'
bles magazine pistol, but which
shoots a: ray Of light when the trig.
ger IL pulled
Equality OF strength in both arms
occurs almost twice as frequently
with women as with men, more men
than women being stronger in the
right arm than in the left.
According to q prominent financial
journal OF Paris the consumption OF
coffee in the different countries OF
the world vafies In inverse ratio to
the import duty.
The Mississippi river Is 3,160 miles
long and the Missouri. which empties
into 1t, is 300 miles long.
What is known as the polar regions
cover 4,970.265 square miles. and
have 100000 Inhabitants.
Recent corrections in maps of
Greenland have added about 100000
square miles to its area.
Hongkong last year imported 1877
600 pounds of ginseng. nearly all from
the United States.
It Is estimated that there are at
least 100000 gasoline or oil engines
at work on the farms of the United
States. ,*'fE$ : q,
Every day Oynannax, France, pro-
duces $4,000 to $4,000 pounds Of Gel
luloid combs.
Missouri corporations last year
paid $8S4,712 In taxes to the United
States treasury.
A "magicians' club" of 200 persons
mas been recently formed In London.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-03-23
AT an Easter Wedding.

D EGINALD VANDERBILT said at a
N pre-Easter wedding in New York:
How interesting 1t would be IL We
could know how all these pretty weddings
came about, Often, no doubt. the girls
themselves brought them about unless,
indeed the man was too inordinately
dense like Trayers.
'Travers met a pretty girl last winter
in Bermuda. He danced with her, he
wheeled with her for strawberries and
cream, and he bathed with her In the
pretty blue pool with its lining of azure
tiles.
But he didn't propose. Was he too
bashful? The girl. at any rate. one after
noon in a tea garden, offered to read his
future. and, holding his big brown hand
In her slim white one. she nlurmured, as
her finger moved delicately across his
palm:
This line indicates that before you
lies-happiness.
She paused. with downcast eyes. But
nothing followed. The young man sat
beside her, grinning sheepishly. Her lip
curled In disdain, and she added. In a
clear. cold voice:
But this other lire indicates that
you'll never overtake that future. You're
too SLOW
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-03-23
ORIGIN OF MAMIE AND DATE OF EASTER


over. the isth Of Nisan. the Jewish
month corresponding to our March or
April. But the churches of the west. re-
meniberiDg that the Lords resurrection
took place on Sunday, kept their fes-
tival on the Sunday following the 18th
of Sissn BY so doing they hoped not
only 10 commemorate the resurrection
ON the day of the week on which II &C
tually, occurred. but also distinguish
themselves more cffcctuaIiy from the
Jews.
For a time this difference was borne
with mutual forbcarance and charity.
And when disputes began to arise, Poly
carp, Bishop of Smyrna. went on visit
to Rome. and conferred with Anicetas,
bishop OF that city. upon the question.
Polycarp pleaded the practice CT st.
Philip and ST. John. while Anicetas ad-
duced the practice OF st. Peter and st.
Paul. Concessions were made by neither
side. and so the matter was dropped. or
rather held I'm allegiance, but the two
bishops continued I'm Christian friendship
and concord. This was In A. D. 1sS.
Toward the end OF the century, how
ever. Victor. Bishop of Rome, resolved
to compel the eastern churches to con-
form to the western practice, and wrote
an imperious letter to the prelates OF
Asia. commanding them to keep tile fes-
tival of Easter at the time observed by
the western churches. They naturally re-
scented this, and declared that they would
keep the day at the time they had beer
accustomed to observe it. From this
point the dispute gathered strength. and
became the source of much bitterness
during the following century. The east
divided from the west: and all who, after
the example of the Asiatics. kept Easter
day on the 18th, whether that day was
Sunday or not, we're STYLED "Quaitodec-
linens" by those who adopted the Roman
custom,
At the comm encement OF the fourth
century matters had gone to such a
length that tie Emperor Constantine
thought it his duty to take steps to STOP
the controversy. and to insure uniformit.
Of pra& tiSe. For this purpose he had a
canon passed in the great ecunlenical
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-03-23

council at Nice, A. d. 3oo. THAT every
Where the great feast of Easter should
DE observed upon one and the same day,
and that not the day of the Jewish Pas
sover; but, as had been generally OBJ
served, upon the Sunday following"
ana, TO prevent all future disputes Is
TO time. the following rules were laid
down: That March 81 shall be accounted
the vernal equinox. That the full moon
happening upon or next after the 21st of
March shall be taken for the full moon
OF Nissan. That the Lords day next fol-
lowing that full moon be Easter day. But
Easter day shall be the Sunday after.
AS the Egyptians at that time ex-
celled in astronomy, the Bishop of
Alexandria was appointed to give no.
tice OF Easter day to the Pope and
patriarchs. But 1t soon became evil
dent that this arrangement could not
endure 1t was too inconvcnient and
liable to Interruptions. The fathers of
the next age began, therefore, to adopt
the golden numbers OF the Metonic
cycle, and TO place them in the caIen-
dar against those days in each month
on which the new moons should fall
during that year of the cycle The
Metonic cycle was a period of nine
teen years. 1t had been observed by
Melton, all Athentan philosopher, that
the moon returns to have it's changes
on the same month and day of the
month in the solar year, after a lapse
Of nineteen years. and so. as it were,
to run a cycle. He publish ed his dis
covery at the Olympic games. B. c.
433, and the cycle has ever since
borne his name. The church hoped. by
this cycle, to be able always to know
the moons age, and. as the vernal
equinox was now fixed to March 81, TO
define Easter forever.
But though the new moon really hap
pened on the same day Of the year
after space OF nineteen years as 1t
did before, IT fell an hour earlier on
that day. which, In the course OF time.
as Will be seen. created a serious error
that he'd to he reckoned with
4 cycle was then framed at Rome
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-03-23
A Peril.

HE immortality of French fashions
was being discussed at tea in Den.
Yer. The new idea OF American fashions
for American women was being praised.
The Rev. Alpheus C. karr then said:
1T is time that We removed our women
from the peril OF French fashions. | at
tended the opera last year during this
Easter holidays. My companion pointed
out to me young matron. blazing with
diamonds, and he said
That is old Gobsa Codes daughter,
the countess. / knew her father when hi
went about with his pants held up by one
suspeEder.
az regarded the beautiful young woman
through my glass. Her dress was au-
dacious, I said. dryly:
:. She rnust take after her father. then.
Her gown. | sec, is held up by ono
strap
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-03-23

for eighty-four years. and generally
received by the western church. for
it was then thought that in this space
of time the moons changes would re-
turn. not only to the same day Of the
month"; but Of the week as we'll.
During the time that Easter was
kept according to this cycle Britain
was separated from the Roman empire,
and the British churches for a time
after the separation continued to keep
Easter according to this table OF
eighty-four years. British and Irish
churches adopted the Alexandrian
rule. according to which the Easter
festival could not begin before March
g. About 100 years later the English
churches conformed to the Roman
rule. The Roman system now prevails
the world over and Easter is cele-
brated the same day everywhere.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-03-23
FTER The Ruc1r1x1oN,

spicuous place in the National Gallery at
Berlin and is regarded as the greatest of
Bocklin's scriptural paintings. 1t has at
tracted considerable attention apart from
it's artistic beauty on account of the Jew
ish cast Of countenance the painter has
given to the figures about the Cross, for
they are all perfect types of the Jewish
race. The grief-dstracted mother is por
trayed as an elderly woman, and the
hands appraised to the sorrowful face
show. intense pain over the death of her
son. while the beautiful Magdalena seems
to be turning toward heaven for comfor.
in her hour of grief.
The countenance of John, the disciple
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-03-23

za5E III nj III III


upon them and they. too, swim toward
shore. The little bobbing corks are now
within a hundred yards of the beach.
They are coming closer and the water in
the big lagoon it forms is cu-iously rip
pied on the surface.
Now and then there is a splash. Once
every minute or so. a finny tail breaks
the water. Closer and closer creeps the
net, and more and more agitated becomes
the surface. The crew of fishermen are
waiting the coming thrill They never
get over it, One suddenly peers into the
clear water. The net is a scant thirty
yards offshore.
The water is choppy-it's alive with
fish.
The windlasses never pause in their
creaking and the string of corks is creep
ing nearer-twenty yards, fifteen, ten
yards. now five-there is final soul-Iift-
ing heave and the beach is alive with
thousands Of wriggling, Hopping. spla sh-
ing. silvery fishes.
The fish have come back to the old
haunt. The Gums has come into it's
Such was the luck of Capt. Faunce and
his crew of twenty-four. Just to verify
his Judgment, the great seine went out
or the next tide Again the wind!asses
strained. the corks grew closer and once
more the riotous harvest of food was
tumbled on the sandy beach.
The story carried on the breeze up and
down the river. The Gums was turning
cut it's toll of the river. Some CT the
fishermen elsewhere looked very solemn,
others looked very wise, but ali had little
to say. It's strange. the way the Gums
came back.
II you make your way. on one OF the
little freight boats that daily swoop in
shore for the harvest, you Mil and the
Gums a scene OF Intense sleep at night
and feverish activity and restless energy
at Gay. The captain anG III. crew are
taking out the fist: by hundreds OF bar
rels. II IS a fino-a river bonanza.
The crew quits work at dark. The
pipes are lit and the men sit about in the
evening, to wait the word of the camp
autocrat. the cook. Then the summons
comes and twenty-four men eat with a
single-mindedness of purpose that il thrill
ing. There is little lettering after the
meal The men are tired In every muscle.
and they rest with the consciousness of
honest sleep. The camp quickly settles
down. and the cook is the last to bed
Within an hour the only sound is that of
early spring along the river, a nature
lullaby.
Long before the east colors at dawn
the cook Is awake and stirring. He is
cooking breakfast for twenty-four men.
and yet before daylight they come wan
derin1 from their hunks. once more raw
enous with a hard-won appetite. to cat
meal which must last until noQn
In trice. the .lset quart Of 'coHeesfs
gulped, and the men are off to the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-03-23

THEY are SEEMING again at the
Gums.
The years and their memories
have circled past since the Gums was
a popular fishing spot on the Potomac
The old rivermen could puff their
pipes and spin fishing tales of the
Gums by the hour If they cared.
The Gums is a short distance from
Indian Head A picturesque spot, even
to it's name. Closer still to Windmill
point, where the state of Virginia
pushes a long finger Of land into the
clear water. The Gums is In Virginia,
too, and Capt. Jake Faunce is at the
Gums. There with his crew of twenty
four the captain eats and sleeps and
seines but mostly seines. for the riot
Gus harvest of fishes is reaching its
noontide.
If one were to wander down to
Windmill point any Of the river folk
would point out the Gums, and per-
haps one would stop for an hour or
two on fallen tree by the water to
hear them tell of the old-time glory
of the spot. The springtime haze is
OH the land and the red gods are max
ing their medicine again. but Capt
Faunce and his crew of tWenty-four
nave little Time LOT any tHfHS Utt iHS
river.
The Gums has come into its own
again. It's a brand-new story along
the river and involves the tale of the
old days when the speckled trout and
the herring and the shad were hauled
out by the thousands and packed away
in barrels which meant dollars for the
fishermen.
Long before the first robin began to
string reluctant fishing bait from the
river bank Capt Faunce had Thought of
the Gums and its possibilities. He reinem-
bered the days Of long ago, when the
Gums was a fishing ground of renown
He remembered. too. when the old fisher
men first began to shake their heads
in growing doubt Of its value. Memory
was not altogether dim of the spring
when the fishing brought almost nothing
at the Gums-when the place played
out" as the fishermen say. and became
nothing but a place of thronging memo
ries and small fry.
The fishermen went elsewhere to cast
their long. long seines. and hush SET
tied over the Gums. The camping grounds
fell back into small wildernesses, and
only a few of the willy perch hung about
like ghosts OF their former numbers. The
fish had gone.
But that was years and years ago. and
the fishermen know how the river beds
change and how thu fish may come back
after years and years. That was what
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-03-23
A Winner, if

A T an Easter breakfast John u. Rocks
felle-. jr.. once said:
1.-The read to success is called Perseyer-
ance. Perseverance conquers everything.
But"
Mr.. Rockefeller, with smile took up
an Easter egg
"Rut." he added, ''let US remember that
a hen on an egg of porcelain perseveres."
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-03-23
Her Dear Thoughts.

@APT TURNER of the Mauretania
~ told N the smoking room of his ship
an Easter story.
II once overheard bride and BRIDE
groom talking" he began. THE BRIDE
groom said. tenderly:
"A penny for Your thoughts. my DEAR
"A penny? she replied, indignantly.
We'll. -flneyll cost you just S20p. / was
thinking Of the Easter gown I'i1 going to
order the minute we strike Paru.''
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-03-23
M1 oRuc1P1x1oN: BY GERALD DAVID

1877. His first work was on landscapes.
but after a visit to the different art GEN.
tiers of Europe he became painter OF
religious scenes as well. For IL period OF
two years he was professor Of art at
Weimar, but was compelled to resign on
account Of the great demand for his
paintings.
These are but a few of the hundreds
of great pictures depicting the scenes OF
the Crucifixion 20 be found in the Ger
man galleries, and have been selected be-
cause they are uncommon. They repre-
sent the conception of the artists OF
France, Germany. Belgium and Italy of
this scene on Calvary so sacred To- tfe
Christian Church.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-03-23

river. The day is good for fishing, and
the work viii be hard and long.
When the seine Is coming in the men
stand about and try TO figure out the
haul In barrels. Some of the hauls viii
make ten barrels, others twenty. but that
is poor haul. What the men call
good haul is when the silvery fish are
dumped upon the sand in that ABUNDANCE
that the little freight boats have fifty
barrels of fish to whiss up river the mex;
time they swoop into the still waters al
the Gums. But after all, the Gums had
come into its own
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-03-23

whom Jesus loved, is full of sympathy as
he tries to comfort the unfortunate wom-
an. The face of Christ is one of peace
with just enough traces of the pain Of
death to make the conception ideal In
fact. the whole picture, even to the tiny
flowers at the feet of the figures, is ex-
quiSitely beautiful and one of the paint
ings which even those who have little
appreciation of art remember. 1t has
proved unusually attractive to Americans,
and almost any day group of them may
be found studying it in silence or speak
ing of its merits in whispers. There is
makeup of the picture. 1t was painted
in 1876. Bocklin was born at Balse in
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-03-23
BockLmS famous PAnN1
INC. ONE Or The FEW
SHOWING JEWISH CAST
OF COuN TENANcT.

~ attract att ention. but those OF the
women grouped about the cross are ex-
row and helplessness which one would
expect to find in such scene. Even the
dog gnawing a bone in the foreground II
clearly defined. This canvas is regarded
as one of the very best examples of &c
clesiasttcal paintings of the French
school of the eighteenth century.
Another OF the Italian school by Sa-
voldo shows youthful mother with a
sweet face and all equally beautiful Mag
dalene who seems to be looking away
from the dead Christ. The two figures in
the background, one holding the crown
OF thorns, are regarded as fine examples
of action" painting. Another picture of
the Italian school by Domenico Panetti
shows q beautiful background of trees
with the three crosses on Cavalry In the
distance The figure Of Christ IL in a
half-reclining position, with His forehead
badly SCARED by the crown of thorns.
Curious white rings are about the heads
OF the figures. intended as halos. The
face of the mother shows extreme sorrow.
Panette was a painter Of church fres-
cos. and his work is found in many OF the
Italian churches. lie was born about 1460
and his death occurred in 1913 He was a
contemporary of Lorenzo Costa. whose
painting of a scene After the Crucl1x-
ion'' hangs nearby. In this picture the
trees and crosses In the distance form an
excellent background. The face of Christ
shows little suffering, while the wrinkied
brow and sharp nose of the Virgin is not
n,easing The white line halos are again
seen in this picture. The canvas is
very large one and is well hung. The
numerous figures in the background and
their positions make the picture unusual
Costa died at Mantua, the city OF his
birth, in. 1888.
The German school is represented by
painting by Hans Baldung, who was
horn at Saubia In 1476 and died at Stras-
burg in 1915. His best works are his
torcal pictures. portraits and altar
wings His picture Of Christ after the
Crucifxion in the Berlin gallery Is per-
haps the oldest conception OF the Virgin
seen anywhere. for he represents her as
particularly homely. The other women
of the group are expressionless, and the
figure of Christ unattractive. 1t is the
coloring of this painting and not the
drawing which gives it prominence.
Baldung was SO fond Of green coloring
that he was surnamed Green Baldung,
owing to the peculiar green which he al
ways used in his draperies and for his
prediction for dressing his people III
green.
One of the famous pictures of the
Dresden gallery Is known as Christ on
the Cross With Mary" 1t is the work OF
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-03-23

years before his death, although he was
married and the father of four children.
he became affiliated with the Brother
hood of the Holy Cross of the Church OF
Caudenberg. The greater part of his
painters life was spent In the city Of
Brussels. His work is found in many
of the galleries throughout Europe on
account OF their beautiful coloring.
One OF the greatest paintings, certainly
of the modern. school, is Arnold Bocklin s
big canvas Of THE Descent From the
Cross This picture occupies con-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-03-23

r Easter time the
Christian thought
turns to the cruel
fxion a n u t h C
events surrounding
1T. 1t is interest
ng. instructing
and devotional to
study the concep-
tiorS of the many
famous artists who
have sought TO
portray on canvas
The faCi3l
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-03-23

TEXT to Christmas. Easter is the
M greatest festival of the Christian
Church In primitive times it was
usual for Christians to salute one another
on the morning of this day by exclain-
ing: Christ is risen." 10 which the ss-
luted person replied: lie Is risen. In
deed" or And hath appeared unto
SIMON CUSTOM still retained in the
Greek Church.
The common name of this festival III
the east was the paschal feast, because
kept at the same time as the Jewish
passover. and in some measure succeed.
ing to IL. In the sixth OF etrs~ sAncyran
canons IT is called the Great daS-,-~---
The term Easter is derived iaQn
"Eostre," a Saxon deity whose feast
was celebrated every year in the spring,
the name being retained when the char
acter OF the feast was changed Easter
- In name, as well in reality, the feast
Of the resurrection.
Although there has nexcr been any diff
ference of opinion in the Christian
church as TO Why Easter is kept, there
has been good deal to when its,sA Aght
to be kept. Ii is one of the movable fcs>xts
that is, il is not fixed to one particular
day. like Christmas day. Easter moves
backward and forward, according as the
fun moon next after the vernal equinox
falls nearer or farther from the equinox.
The accepted rule for ascertainfng the
day upon which Easter falls is as fol-
lows: Easter day is always the first
SUNDAY after the full moon which hap
pens upon or next after the a1st day of
March. and if the fun moon happens
upon Sunday. Easter day is the sun
day after.
The paschal controversy, which for
time divided Christendom. grew out of
diversity of custom. The churches of
Asia Minor, including many Judaized
Christians. kept their paschal feast on the
same day that the Jews kept their Pass
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-03-23

INTERESTING to Study
l Conceptions Of Many Ar
lists Who Have Sought to
Portray on Canvas Their
Idea of the Crucifixion--
Varied Facial Expression OF
Christ-Paintings in the Ber-
lin Galleries-The Neither
lands School of the Fifteenth
Century-How the German
School Is Represented-Soffsc.
of the Most Famous Paint
ings.