davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1913-07-07

plotcy hlled with loose stones the
ground water instead OF soaking into
ne roadway. viii stop among the
stones and flow down the hil through
The pipe.
Use of Road Drag.
To keep a road smooth and crowned
the best method is To- drag il with a
road DRAG. \ road drag is made cas-
lily with two halves Of log which
. has been split The log should be
about or inches ia thickness and
about . or feet long. The two halves
+ of the los are set three feet apart
with the smooth faces forward and
upright They are Then fastened to-
scther with braces set in holes bored
through the log A pair of horses may
ID" used to drag the road and are
htched - a chain fastened 10 the
'front.' nall ut the log The road drag
should move forward 81 that it slants
across the road in such way that a
small amount Of earth viii slide past
the smooth face of the log toward the
center Of the road, tlniS forming Che
- a. Nv 'N|ts- ol the NlkS VIII
smooth out the ruts. The best way to
drag Is 10 begin tat the side ditch and
80 up one side OF the road. and then
Gown tie other. In the next uip the
drag should be- started a little nearer
the center ana the 1ast trip over the
Dad the drag may work close 10 the
center itself. Small ridges of earth
VIII be brown in the horse rack and
smeared by the round edge OF the log
smoothly over the road The smear,
ing OF the earth by the drag is called
pudding and it tends To make the
surface of the road smooth and water
lght after the sun comes out. The
road Is always dragged after il has
rained and not when ii is dry. 4
good, strong pair of horses with a
Weli-built drag can drag about three
or four miles Of road in a day. and 1t
is the best way To maintain good
roads. In every county some farmer
along each four miles of road should
own drag and drag the road when |
II rains. He would always find the
road Ia good condition when he goes |
~ HltIhtl.
owing to the fact that many rural |
schools were closed at the time when !
the prize maintenance essay was an
bounced by Director Logan Waller
Page of the office of public roads. il
has been decided to extend the limit
Tor receiving the essays L. oct. IL.
1918. In addition to the gold medal
given as first prize, two silver medals
VIII be given as second and third
prizes. If a child who has submitted
one essay previous Ia the issue of
This notice should care To try again.
h" is at liberty.tb 10 so. but he must
be pupil of a rural school. There
is some MISUNDERSTANDING in regard
10 tn" subject Of the essay. The idea
IS to set the children thinking how to
better their earth roads with the ma
Ierial they have at hand
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1913-07-07
Open bitches Often Best.

Sometimes water runs from land
along the road into the road and
( forms little stream down the wheel
/ tracks or Ia the middle where the
/ horses travel. When driveways into
| farm yards are built across the side
! bitches they frequently form chan
Hels for water from the farm yard To
run into the road. The pipes under
driveWaNs become filled with leaves
or rubbish and the water can no long
~ run away II the driveways that
stop the ditch water were rebuilt so
that no pipes We're necessary and the
ditch could be left open. much trouble
from surface water would he stopped.
Sometimes a road runs across low
ground or through swamp where
where the road can not be drained by
side duches alone. II the road were
built higher like a railroad emhank-
mcnt across such low land and made
with crown, il would be- dry and
hard. Sometimes road passes
through what Is called "A cut. This is
a place where the earth has been dug
out So that the road can 20 over a
hlll without being too steep. The
water which always flows quietly un-
der tn ground on hill sides is known
as ground water. In road cuts such
water sometimes makes the road very
muddy. and the road then needs what
road builders call underdrainage A
good Kind Of Understandings is a
trench To- go along under the side
drain and about three feet and foot
and half wide. In this trench
pipe is laid near the bottom and COW
cree with loose stones no bigger than
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1913-07-07

In 1905 it is estimated, the money
invested In Norwegian whaling com
ranics amounted to tiO32 600. by 1910
this had increased to $4,000, 900. doub-
ling mat year 10 tsooo. 600. Further
increases in 1911 brought the total in
vestmcnt on Jan. J. 1912. up To ~.
100000 crowns 9S,7lO,OOoJ
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1913-07-07
"A Stitch in
Time. :"

4 There might be a modern
version OF that old adase to
the effect that, "A penny
spent in time Will often save
a dime"
II Nowhere is the truth Of
this revised adage more easi.
" demonstrated than in the
proper use Of the best news
papers Of the day.
II you are planning a trip,
Il you wish to go to theater,
a lecture, to church, e you
need to buy practically any
article Of ordinary use, spend
your money for a good news
paper and turn TO the sdver.
tsing columns for the latest
information on the subject
you have IN mind. Make
practice Of doing this and you
Nil ind that you save your
self both time and trouble and
tNat many a dime that might
have heen wasted has either
been saved Or spent in such
way that you have attained
the maximum Of value
from L.
Needless spending wastes
more money than willful ex.
traVagance.
In justice to yourself, you
must keep in touch with what
IS IN the market. Buy a news.
paper and save your dimes by
reading the advertisements
regularly.
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1913-07-07

ton. He then went on To show that fire 10
rot supported by the air as a whole. but 10y
a more active aud subtle part Of it," 10
which he gave two names and which was
what We now call oxygen.
Among his other discoveries NAV. he in
Guided vague conception OF expiration az
an excretory process.
lie died in London in September, 1879.
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1913-07-07
ITEMS OF INTEREST.

The rolling stock Of the italian state
railways at 'hc close Of the fiscal
year 1917 Included is7l steam loco.
motives electric locomotives. lO.oa7
passenger eo"'hes, s2g21 freight cars.
i.''I baggage and postal cars. and
-,a'A work and repair cars.
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1913-07-07

Professor George Stuart Fullerton
OF columbia university. formerly vice.
provost of the University of PenusyI-
Nania. is Ia be the American exchange
professor to Austrian universities
next year.
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1913-07-07
What is the Edda7

Inc Bible of the ancient Scandino.
vans The original Edda was compiled
py an lcelandic priest la the eleventh
century. 1"'"
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1913-07-07
MONDAY. JULY 7, 1918.

a .New Jersey man has refused a
',eaey. on thr -iuHud that hr wishes
90 earn his money, This man ought To-
b, appointed 90 Office.
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1913-07-07

II y"d look al the ordinary country
road after shower you VIII see
small puddles along the wheel ruts
and sometimes larger pools This
water STAYS ON the road surface be-
cause II cannot drain away into the
side bitches. II YOU look closely You
will see side bitches which have
| grown up with bushes and weeds IN
many cases. and which are so far
from the travelled part of the road
( that the rain water does not drain
/ into them. That part ot the roadway
whore the wagons travel is called the
Travelled way To prevent water from
standing ON the Travelled way the
road should be- raised I'm the center
and should slope gently into broad
shallow bitches. IL is then said 20
have It crown. IL il Is 10 feet from
the center 81 The road Ia the side
ditch, ID. surface az the side ditch
should he at least 10 inches lower
than it is at the center where the
horses travel The road then has
lO-lncn crown. The rain that falls
On road properly crowned VIII ran
quickly to the side and not soak into
the surface or form pools The side
bitches should be open at every low
point so that the water can run out
Of them into neiehboring brooks or
streams. II the bitches merely collect
the water from the road surface and !
Il can not run away, large pools Will |
be formed along the roadside, which I
will gradually soak into the soil be-
meath the road and make it SO soft |
that the wheels OF wagons will cut |
through the road surface and soon |
drstToN IL
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1913-07-07

K. JOHN MANUN
the great English
chemist and physi
ologist. preceded
Drs. Priestlcy and
LavoisiCr by n cen
fury i'm discovering
the existence Of
oxygen as "A sepa
rate entity. distinct
from the general
mass of the air.
IL was he who
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1913-07-07

published7 p'' sun
Ihe London Times. founded in 10.
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1913-07-07

=, wnen was the campanile Of 81.
mark's' Venice, built, and when did II
ne'i July ~. 1902. Lower norton
pui't a. ID. 9o2. In 1910 was increased
from id2 to $40 feet in height, Added
we'sht ana old age are supposed 10
nave brought about the fall
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1913-07-07

who was called the "Great Com.
moner2'
william Pitt first Earl Of Chatham
famous parliamentary orator of the
eighteenth century. was called the
Great Commoner" The title has also
been applied to Henry Clay and to
Ihaddeus Stevens.
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1913-07-07

The hest ucys that has come from
Do" Philippines in long while is
Drought over by Elwood :. Brown.
rhysIei airs...raf the Y. NJ e. A. Of
Manih Tie SAYS tie entire younger
generation OF FHpnos are baseball
crazy.' Then He nauvtes some in
stances of Tho great popularity Of the
sport I'm the isllrds. We'll when the
'IittIc brown brothers" have adopted
baseball There viii hr not much trouble.
in governing fhc island. OF course.
IN nearly Every part of Luzon. the lar
sest Of thc islands. the game is UNDER
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1913-07-07

When. where and by whom was this
expression the "Ananiss club, or;oi.
mated?
The term was first used i'm l9O6 by
HaiilleI q. Blythe, Washington CORE
spohdent of New York newspaper.
Aiter PRESIDENT Roosevelt had express
gu doubts Ms TO the veracity of several
prominent men i'm rapid succession
hIythe sent to his paper an editorial
paragraph to the effect that these men
had been elected to the Ananias club.
Inc phrase immediately caught the
public fancy.
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1913-07-07
Has Boston always been the CAPITA
of Massachusetts?

"as boston always been the capital
OF Massa chusetts?
Boston has always been the capital
or Massachusetts except for short
per'od III colonial times, when the seat
vi government was at Charlestown.
now part OF Boston. But Boston did
not originally have its present name.
peihs hrst called Trimontaine. from
,hree prominent hills within 1t. and
lhe name changed to Boston In 1s3O
nc exact date when Boston became
'he capital. following Charlestown, Is
not known. The original name of
ir'0'ohtaihc survives In fremont
street, Boston.
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1913-07-07

Wnat IS the normal weight of a BuH
Cochin hen?
Inc standard weights for Buff
'ochlns are: Cock. II pounds: cock.
ere'' . pounds; hen. 0ls pounds; pullet
pounds.
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1913-07-07

who is the commander in chief of
tho American army? "
The constitution of the United States
ueSighates the president as commander
IN chief of the army and navy and of
Tue hlilltia when called into the service
OF the United States.
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1913-07-07

What are the materials from, which
chewing gum is nader
vegetable resin gums furnish the
p,'hciphl constituent of most of the
."e"''is gum now sold Historically
,"e resin gum of the black spruce tree
'ne hrst that man chewed on. A
.n'c'e gum taken from the naseberry
Tree OF South America. is the substance
most used now. The tree is similar to
.'e rubber tree and Its gum similar to
supper, Parafiin and beeswax were
a aVrmeriy used In the Manufacture Of
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1913-07-07

ana ooctur II 1870. lie afterwdrd made
medicine his pI ofession aud became one of
the famous physicians Of his time.
Or MayOw's experiments began by the
acceptance of Or. Boyles experiments
proving that air Is necessary for combus-
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1913-07-07
Daddy sBedtime
- The Rock Gave
,OTOTV- Credit Where
1t Was Due.

hand and Jack and Evelyn Win
for daddy them coming VERY
Now.s while tell about the big
TODD I'm the barred n
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1913-07-07
Repair and Maintenance
of Earth Roads, DRAINAGE
viii Saving Maintaining
Utility Drt

an egg. When the trench is COM
pi,teN hlled with loose stones the
ground water instead OF soaking into
ne roadway. viii stop among the
stones and flow dawn the hin through
the pipe
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1913-07-07

Where is the dividing line between
the north and the south--the Mason
and Dixon line?
Inc Mason aud Dixon line. which
iorihs the southern boundary Of Penn
syIvania aud Delaware, is usually civ.
en- as the dividing line between the
north aud south east of the Alleghe.
Mes West of the mountains tba
ONO river was taken To mark tho
boundary line between the two SOC.
'lolS' but west Of the Mississippi there
was a dispute Missouri was claimed
py both sections. but * now generally
considered southern state. whiIa
Kansas, directly west. has always been
enumerated with the northern STATES
during the civil war Missouri was pre-
vented from joining the Confederacv
although she furnished many soldiers
Tor the south and was full of sympa-
TIMERS with the southern cause
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1913-07-07
-Queries and REPLIES :

Does the child of an alien father who
does not b0oome citizen have to apply
tor citizenship papers Just the same as
any alien who has come to this coun-
try?
children born in this country Of
amen parents and children born abroad
OF naturaIized citizens are American
citizens upon coming of age in this
country
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-11-28
j. s. IS LEADER
IN READING Of
NEWSPA PERS.
Separate Press Establishments in
1909 Numbered 31,445 and
Employed 1888, 446 Persons.

WASHINGTON, Nov. 2S.-Further
proof of the oft repeated statement
that the American public is the
greatest newspaper reading public in
the world developed to-day when the
Department of Commerce issued a
bulletin dealing with the printing and
publishing industry of the United
States.
establishments in the industry; $685.
446 persons engaged in the industry,
of which 25S,434 we're ge-earners,
and the capital invested amounted
to S,345, 10S. New York State led
all others in printing newspapers, pc
riodicals and books. 1t employed
one-fourth of all the wage earners
and sent forth three tenths of the
total products. Illinois ranked sec
ond and Pennsylvania third.
There were $500 daily publications
reported in 1909, as compared with
2,452 in 1904 and 1925 in 1899. OF
these $500 daiies, $50 were morning
papers and 1870 afternoon or even
ing papers. The circulation Of news
papers published in ten cities-New
York, Chicago Philadelphia, St
Louis Boston, Cleveland, Baltimore,
Pittsburg. Buffalo and San Francisco
constituted AZ per cent of the to-
tai daily circulation of the entire
country for 1909, as against sos pei
cent in 1904. This change shows that
the calculations of newspapers out
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-11-28

ganized, just like the Navy League.
which has been of great service in
building up the navy. A founders
subscription to the Army League is
SlOO; life membership is $25, and
contributing membership is S. a
year.
But the money isn't everything
the work is more important.
one thing we need, perhaps above
all Others" said General Evans, "is
an adequate reserve of trained SOL
diers. -
You can't make a trained soldier
in six months. It's all very well to
say that In case of war a million men
would rush to arms. That sounds
very f1ne-but the million men would
be absolutely in the way for the first
six months. They would be far worse
than useless.
Great Trainino for Men.
But give young man two years
of thorough training and he's a SOL
der for as much of his life as his
health and strength holds out. He
never forgets the training. The Army
League is designed to work for and
encourage military training among
young men, and their formation into
reserves, subject to call in time of
war. After a few years of this re-
gime, a call to war would be met by
the regular army. supported by hall
a million or more of reserves, all
trained soldiers, so far as funda =
mentals go. and all ready for service
at once. Yet in time of peace these
men would be serving their country
as good citizens. business men. bank
ers, clerks, merchants, farmers-yet
all the time potential soldiers"
And that's a prime feature in the
organization of the Army League
There are other features and LOT
of interesting information showing
the fearful waste of life and health
and money in the previous wars of
the United States. The Army League
is designed to combat similar condi-
tons to-day.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-11-28
ARMY OFFICERS
BATTLING T Or
WORLD PEACE
General Evans Plans to Ask At
anita to Furnish Members
for New League.

IL you want to talk to really we'll
informed and ardent believer in
world peace. talk to any senior Off
Ger of the United States Army. He
Is a fighting man by trade. But he
Is an apostle of peace because he
knows better than the other man
what war means.
So in these enlightened days the
general officers of the United States
Army are working and speaking for
peace and as the best means to OBJ
tain that end they recommend, and
are aiding to organize, the Army
League.
In Atlanta. General Evans, of the
Department of the Gulf, is planning
to make a public talk on the sub
iect of the Army League and its re-
ation to the future peace and we'll
being of the United States. He is
going to ask the people of Atlanta
10 furnish members to the Army
League, and, in so doing, play a part
in the future protection of their
country from foreign depredations.-
and from war.
Big Army Means Peace.
1t sounds a bit odd at first to say
that the Army League, by working
for a bigger and better regular army
and more militia and reserves, Is
working for peace.
But that is just what it means"
General Evans says. The way 20
have peace is to be ready for war.
Then the other fellow won't want to
start anything. Better have no army
at all than a second-rate army. You
know the side that comes out sec
ond best in a war doesn't finish very
we'll"
So the Army League is being or
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-11-28

side of the great centers of popula-
ton has been increasing uulna AZ
past few years more rapidly than
that of papers in those centers.
The circulation of the newspapers
published in New York City consti-
tuted 169 per cent of the total for
all dailies in the country in 1aP'
compared with 1873 per cent in 1904.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-11-28
JACKSON elNNERY BURNS.

JACKSON, Nov. 2S.--Fire, be-
lieved to have started from match
in cotton, burned the plant of the
Stark Ginning Company. The ma
chinery, worth several thousand dol
lars, one bale of cotton and several
tons of cotton seed were destroyed,
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-11-28

Wen known in Atlanta, has returned
dIter long soJourn in Saginaw. Mich.
ne is registered at the Piedmont. Mr.
harris Will make Atlanta his perma-
nent home, and will open a branch
OF the American Register Company
in this city.
An entire success was the wav
members of the Atlanta Club Fri
day described the annual Tbanksgiv-
ing dinner and dance which proved
10 be the most delightful ever given
tnere. More than $50 members of
the club enjoyed the dancing and the
banquet.
Atlantas poor will be assisted to
some extent by the Volunteers of
america, the well-known organiza-
tlon headed by General Balington
bootn. Inc company here is a small
one out is increasing rapidly, and, in
spite OF It's smallness, has proved
boon Tor numerous down and out
ers" in Atlanta.
Many old acquaintance in Atlanta
nave been delighted to greet Samuel
Sooper, son OF the late John TYLER
cooper who was once Mayor of A.
lanta' VINO has returned to the city
alter an absence of fifteen years. Dur.
ing most OF his absence Mr.. Cooper
was aboard United States man-os-
war. He has returned to Atlanta to
settle up his fathers estate.
Inc first sermon by the Rev. L.
wllKle Collins, new pastor of Cor
don Street Methodist Church. will he
heard at II o'clock Sunday morning.
Mr.. Collins is native of Toronto,
canada. He came South as an assist
ant to DR.. R. A. Torrey on one of his
eVangel1stic tours. The last thr e
years OF his work has been in North
Carolina, where he became one of the
pest known nastor- evangelists in the
State.
Every Sunday school in Atlanta has
been asked by the Anti Tuberculosis
society to take up a collection next
sunday to aid in the war which is
being waged against the white
plague. Many of the churches have
already agreed and 1t is expected
that a collection will be taken in
every school. tuberculosis Sunday.
winch comes December I, will be de-
voted entirely to educational phases
of the work.
New Grounds for THANKSGIVING"
was the subject of an address by the
Rev. H. H, Proctor (colored) at the
First Congregational Church (CoI-
ored) Thanksgiving. 1t had refer
ence to the proposed $4,000. 900 school
bond issue, in which it is proposed to
spend 100000 for the erection of five
negro schools. He opposed the idea
of eliminating the seventh and eighth
grades of the negro schools and sub
stltuting industrial training and
urged a central high and industrial
school for the race.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-11-28
CITY BREVITIES.

w. "A. Harris, who was formerly
well known in Atlanta, has returned
after long sojourn in Saginaw. Mich.
he is registered at the Piedmont. Mr..
harris will make Atlanta his perma-
nent home, and will open a branch
Oh the American Register Company
in this city.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-11-28
BUSINESS NOTICE.

Colds Cause Headache and Grip.
LAXATIVE BROMO QU1N1NE tablets
remove cause. There is only One BRO
MO QUININE." 1t has signature of +.
w. Grove on box. Csc.
Pine Bluff daily graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1893-1942, 1913-10-12

been voting the Democratic ticket
longer than | have he Is an older
man than l am" This was the de-
charlton of loyalty made by Clayton
P. Gould, last night when he made
his official announcement as a candi-
date for tax assessor of Jefferson
county, his candidacy being subject
to the action of the Democrats at the
polls on December 2, 1918.
Mr.. Gould seeks the office OF tax
assessor because he says he needs it
and because he is efficient and COM
petent to fill it. He has been prac-
tical civil engineer for thirty years
and is probably as we'll posted on
property values and the county Sec
lions and townships, as we'll as city
property, as any man in the county.
He has lived in jefferson county for
twenty years and during that time has
always been good Democrat and a
citizen worthy of the respect and con-
fidence of the people. He has had
experience in the assessors offices in
jefferson and Bradley county and saw
service for several years in the coun-
ty clerks office in Bradley county,
He is not the candidate Of any asso-
citation or set of men. but is making
the race on his merits. He will
doubtless give perfect satisfaction. il
the voters of this county see fit to
honor him. The Graphic submits his
candidacy to them for their considera'
ton.