davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1913-11-24
Oyster Supper.

An oyster supper will be served
Thursday evening, December 4th, by
the Palatine Lodge No. 81, I. Q. O
f.. at their hall on Merchant street.
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1913-11-24
Cameron to attend the district con
vention Of the Rebekah Lodge.
Call Meeting.

a call meeting of the Ladies' Aid
society of the First NJ. p. church will
be held Friday afternoon at . O'Clock
at the church.
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1913-11-24

The Panama canal commission has
requested the forest service to inspect
the timber Creosoted at Seattle and
Tacoma for the commission.
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1913-11-24
FOREST NOTES;

Eastern manufacturers are look"
ing to the northwest for hardwoods
for the manufacture OF clothes-plns.
Birch is particularly wanted.
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1913-11-24
Rally Day.

Yesterday was Rally day at Tho
First NJ. P. Sunday school. A yer;
interesting program was rendered
and one hundred and seventy-fiVe pu'
pills were present.
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1913-11-24
This Is . Perfect Pattern.

Re sure to state right Size. measuring
over the fullest part Of III" bust tm
dimensions.
1t may Ii" "htHlrrd lr filling INT thu
coupon ana i%nrIn3lng Is cents IL
stamps or coin to the Pattern depart
lnrnt OF this Tapp".
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1913-11-24
1859

Coat maxim" ut home does not possess
the difficulties Of some seasons ago
when to attempt one ut home was to
court failure owing 10 the numerous
~paddings and s~tifrcnings required to
produce Il smart effect. Quite the op
Dosllc is modiSIl This season. Every
thing must be soft and c!inging. Fol
thinner materials an lntcrlininS Of
lambs wool is the only thing necessary
aside from the regular lining.
1852 is II design chat is we'll suited IL
the reversible materials. plaids nnt
double faced fabrics. An economical
and attractive fad this season Is IT,
finish both Sides equally well and turn
the coat according to the COSTUME
worn. For instance. II OF the new
reversible materials t0ngiIS in prize
from SO TO 81 Il yardO Is 81 Sn.t tan u
one side and white on the other. MA't
after II design like the coat show
here, the seams are strapped aNf
stitched on both Sides, tan Str.i~ on tn
white and white "n the tan. WileI
worn with the tan Silr nu: the colIAI
and wide turned hack cuffs are white
and vice versa.
70 make this tnat IN size 81 It r.
qulrpS ~ yards Of 10 Inch material
with Il yard Of satin or velvet fM th'
collar and cuffs.
The pattern Is eat int sizes: - to 4"
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1913-11-24
Personals.

Mrs. vii Corrothers and children,
of Little Falls, have been the guests
of MIR. and Mrs. Will Holland the
past few days.
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1913-11-24

Mr.. and Mrs. ]. B. Crowl, Of a
Greet, will spend Thanksgiving W .
their daughter. Mrs. Fay Carpenter al
Blue Greek, W. Va.
Mr.. and Mrs. A. J. Gaskins, OF Mo
nongah, spent Sunday in this city.
Mrs. Emma Stealey has returned
from a few days visit at Cumberland,
Md.
Miss Emma Hawkins, Of Colfax'
was the guest of her sister, Mrs
Glenn Little, Of Market street, yes
terdnY.
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1913-11-24

The Local Council of Women has
employed several of the pest criminal
lawyers in the state to assist Prose
cutor Frank Baker at the trial OF
Craig.
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1913-11-24

again, and finally DR.. Craig took the
woman away in his automobile. Dr..
Knabe visited Craig's homo againson
the night Of her death. but Craig was
not at home.
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1913-11-24

Mrs. Harry Matson, OF Pittsburgh;
has been the guest Of Mrs. Priscilla
Mortified for several days.
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1913-11-24
Son.

A son. was born recently to Mr.. anc
Mrs. Thomas Hall, of Kansas City,
Missouri. Mrs. Hall was formerly
Miss Minnie Hughes, OF this ward.
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1913-11-24
s. SIS. Attendance

Diamond Street NJ. E., 252.
Firs y. ITS.
Palatine Baptist, 1873.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-02-13

stage. The recently emerged indi-
viduals are light yellowish in color, but
this passes to gray or nearly black
shade in a few weeks time
Many insects resemble the boil
weevil more or less closely. In fact.
there are hundreds Of species Of
weevils in this country that may be
easily mistaken for the enemy of cot
ton. Many mistaken reports about the
occurrence Of weevils from outside Of
the infested area have been due to
mistakes that have arisen on account
Of this similarity.
In the field the most conspicuous
indication of the presence of the boil
weevil is the faring and falling Of
great numbers Of squares. If excessive
shedding be noticed and the squares
upon being cut open show a white,
curved grub that has fed upon the
contents, there Is little doubt that the
boil weevil IS the insect causing the
damage.
The boil weevil passes the winter In
the adult stage. In the spring and
throughout the fruiting season Of cot
ton the eggs are deposited In cavities
formed by eating into the fruit of the
plant. An egg matches under normal
conditions in about three days. and
the grub immediately begins to feed.
In from seven to twelve days the grub
passes into the pupal stage. this stage
lasting from three to five days Then
the adult issues and in about five
days begins the production of another
generation. On an average it requires
from two to three weeks for the
weevil to develop from the egg to the
adult. A conservative estimate Of the
nossible progeny of a single pair of
weevils during season IS 12,765.1oo.
The cotton boil weevil. so far as
known at present has no food plant
other than cotton. This has been
determined by planting various plants
related to cotton in the vicinity OF
infested cotton and in cages in which
veevi,s we're placed. 1t has therefore
been demonstrated beyond any doubt
| whatever that the insect is restricted
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-02-13
MANAGING FOR WINTER EGG PROFIT

always change the straw IN the nests
and get fresh straw or, better still
clover hay scatterings for litter at
least as often as once a week.
If you have a small coop and wish
to keep rather more hens than the
room allows, you can make a nice
scratching place outside by putting up
posts and making a straw shed en-
closed with boards at the sides.
Have this shed where they can
reach 1t without getting into the
snow. and allow them to eat their
meals there. keeping them busy
scratching DO that they will not feel
the chill. This will afford them suffi-
cient exercise. A very large flock of
hens can be kept profitably in a very
small house In this manner.
Every fall I whitewash my poultry
house, clean it thoroughly and provide
a dust bath composed Of dry sand and
coal ashes. use common stone milk
crooks for drinking vessels and allow
one to each ten hens. I scald them
out each morning. The temperature
Of the henhouse should not be cold
enough to freeze them up solid enough
to crack them. A house cold enough
to accomplish this Is too cold for
poultry profit.
About once a week I put pulverized
charcoal in the drinking vessels, and
when the weather is very cold it is an
excellent thing to add a few drops OF
kerosene. There Is no better remedy
for roup than this.
Always feed soft food in long
troughs and have a good plenty OF
them to avoid crowding, and when
the meal is over stand the troughs on
end against the wall to keep them
clean for the next breakfast.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-02-13
BY M. M. Chandler.

food and a good chance to scratch for
her living. -t
never allow hen to eat grain as
fast as she can pick II up, but make
her hunt for 1t in a good pile Of litter
Soft food for breakfast, fed at six
O'Clock, milk and little wheat or rye
for dinner, and supper at four o'clock
of corn. two quarts to forty hens.
This may seem a small ration. but
where three meals are given you will
find that It Is enough and II more Is
all we'd them there Will be fewer eggs.
Some think it better to feed all
small grain and no corn, but in the
cool weather I find that corn satisfies
the fowls much better and It should
be fed as hot as they can stand 1t.
Never expect real SUCCESS with win
ter egg-raising without q good bone
mill. A bone mill can be had for IS
and will pay for itself in six months.
Bono meal should be q part Of every
breakfast in the hen roost and the
oyster shells and skimmilk are quite
as essential.
carcass Of g. dead animal into the
chicken house unless you want to
create disease germs and impure eggs.
Keep the carcass frozen out Of doors
and cut from 1t a small ration Of meat
at time. and see that it 10 all eaten
fresh.
Never expect winter eggs in a dark,
damp, chilly coop. Have plenty Of
windows and fresh air. There is
nothing better than fresh air and
sunshine. Keep the house clean.
Every morning while the flock are at
their breakfast take q shovel and
scrape up the droppings under tho
perches. Take care that they do not
use the nests as roosting places and
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-02-13
SAVING BUDS FROM FROST.

A recent invention relates to a new
system of motor operated tree vibra-
ton for saving buds and blossoms
from frost .a
The new system aims to create in
fruit trees a movement of the sap to
the buds and blossoms that tends to
vitalize them enough to resist the at
lacking blight of frost. This move
ment of the sap might be called a
capillary action, and can be likened
to the gentle exercising action of an
electric vibrator instrument on the
human system. which stimulates the
flowing action Of the blood through
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-02-13
BY F. G. Herman.

made that the liquid wax runs into a
pan sheltered from the light. 'BeesWaH
that, has been thoroughly bleached
loses it's nice bee-smell and takes an
odor resembling that of the old-tlme
candles, and this is, of course, not de-
sirable.
The reader will thus see that al
though the sun extractor Is very good,
in fact better than the water process
in many instances. yet it is not sutfl-
cient. Very old combs will certainly
not do for the sun extractor.
The only paying method Of melting
the old combs is by the water process.
1t would be OF but little use to melt
up this beeswaX several times in sue
cession in the solar extractor. for these
dregs are very fine and are sure to
stay with the wax. The only method
to purify the wax further is to melt it
with water, allowing it to cool as slow
ly as possible.
It must be brought to about the
boiling point of water so that there
will be a perfect freedom for all the
particles Of dirt to settle, and as they
are usually heavier than wax, the dirty
portion will be found to have settled to
the lower edge of the cake, from
whence it may be scraped without
difficulty.
Several successive MEETINGS with the
sun extractor would only tend to mix
the dregs more thoroughly with the
wax and render it just so much more
difficult to be cleaned.
Old combs are usually not worth
putting into sun extractor. They
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-02-13
BOIL WEEvIL CHARACTERISTICS
Since the Weev Has Invaded This Country 1t has caused
Loss of 1850 900 Bales of Cotton.
BY w. ID. HUNTER.

TO the cotton plant for food. When
confined in bottles, the weevil wNl
partake of various substances, suoh -
apples or bananas; but this 10 only
under the stress Of starvation. Under
natural conditions they would pay no
attention to these substances.
The boil wesvil is strictly diurnai n
its habits. Repeated observations
made in the field at night have shown
that It 10 not active after sundoWn
Unlike some related insscts' II u nos
attracted to light ~.
An interesting habit Of the bon
weevil is to feign death: that 10 to
"play possum." as It II populafly
called. When disturbed tho insects
generally contract their limbs and
drop to the ground.
The age to which wsevils live varies
under different conditions. During
the winter the longevity - much
greater than in the summer. During
the summer season tho majority OF
weevils do not live longer than sixty
days. During the cooler part OF the
year many Of them live a. long - si1
months The longest-lived wesvil on
record lived from December 10 to the
following October, q period OF about
eleven months. E..
With the advent Of cool weather In
the fall the adult boil weevils in cotton
fields begin to seek protection against
the winter They fly from tho fields
in every direction, although their
movements are governed partially by
the prevailing winds. They ny into
hedges. woods, cornflelds. haystacks.
farm buildings and other places. Some
weevils crawl into cracks In tho
ground, under grass, weeds and other
trash and into the burrs from which
the cotton has been picked.
Emergence from Information de-
ponds upon temperatures in the
spring. Generally, however, from the
first to the middle Of March the weevil
begins to emerge and is ready to start
upon his pilgrimage Of destruction.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-02-13
The CLEAN MILK CRUSADE

The dairy stable should be substan-
tial and well built. Light ventilation
and ease of cleaning are the main con-
siderations. These can be accomplished
at much less expense than is usually
believed. Concrete floors, cutters and
managers are recognized as essential to
a we'll ordered dairy stable. They not
only assist in securing sanitary condi-
tons, but make 1t possible to properly
save all the fertility In the manure, as
well as contribute to the health and
comfort Of the COWS. The periodic use
Of whitewash Is essential as a. disin-
fectant, and to present q clearly APP
pearance throughout the stable. The
stable routine should be so planned as
to have all the operations that tend to
raise a dust take place after milking.
In some ways the quality of the milk
Is dependent to very great extent
upon the mixer. His personal habits
are everything in determining the
cleanliness of the product. He should
be personally clean-have cleanly
habits and enjoy perfect health. At no
form of farm work does health count
for so much. Unless the regular
clothing Is above suspicion. It will pay
to furnish each mixer with a fire.
quently Numbered outer garment, to
be worn only at milking time. Milking
with dry, clean hands Is essential A
properly equipped wash room Is an
inexpensive but a paying accessory to
the stable. as the mixers hands will
require an occasional washing, even
under the best Of conditions. The
practice of wetting the hands in the
milk is the most repulsive and should
disqualify any mixer where the owner
has any regard for his business.
Much is gained by milking in a quiet
manner, both as to cleanliness and the
amount and quality secured.
The use of sound utensils free from
rust and in a clearly condition is es-
sential to good milk. An essential
requirement in any utensil for hand
ling milk is simplicity. to which should
be added durability.
Care must be taken Of the separator.
Like any piece Of apparatus for hand
ling milk or cream, it must be kept
scrupulously clean. Keep it free from
dirt and we'll oiled. The life Of a
standard separator depends upon its
care to great extent. One that is al
lowed to become gummy or dirty may
wear out in year. g.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-02-13

Using an original can OF warm
water to rinse dozen dirty ones
should In no wise be considered as
in any way meeting the requirements
Of washing. An appropriate room
with means for obtaining hot and cold
water with wash sink, draining rack,
and steam Jet for ster1lizing are the
least that can be expected In the way
Of washing equipment. This room
may or may not be separate from the
separator and milk handling room. 1t
will be better II separate. and II milk
IL bottled and handled In any quantity
tho wash room should by all means be
entirely by itself. The separator.
bottling apparatus and refrigeration
facilities should DO at least grouped
by themselves In ono room, while the
washing should be associated with tie
power plant, II there Is one. Nothing
short Of a good cement floor meets
the needs Of a wash room or dairy
house in Wow Of its lasting properties,
comparatively low expense and greater
sanitation. Tho side walls OF the milk
house should be tight, and there
should be an abundance Of light pro-
vided for. Windows and doors should
be screened summer and winter. and
milk or cream v6ts provided with
cheesecloth or wire gause screens to
protect contents from such flies as
gain entrance to the room. Where
one is working for a reputation for
his products, the importance of these
precautions is paramount.
Washing dairy utensils is an import
ant operation, though it involves but
few simple considerations. Always
use a brush; never use cloth. as the
latter cannot be kept In a sanitary
condition. First rinse the utensil In
cold or luke warm water-never hot
water-as the latter tends to cook the
milk fast to the tin. In this way, the
bulk of the adhering milk Is removed.
Then water should be used containing
sal soda or washing powder, but under
no circumstances should soaps be
used In cleaning cans, the standard
brush is very effective as it gets into
the creviccs and beneath the shoulder
Of the can more readily than anything
else Pals, dippers. etc, shoald re-
ceive the same treatment. Thorough
rinsing, after scrubbing in hot water
and washing powder, IS essential. after
which steaming should take place over
a steam jet or in an oven or chamber
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-02-13

Beeswax is product peculiar to the
special life action of the bee. Wax Is
not collected from the flowers as wax
but is secreted by special glands stu
ated beneath the wings of the abdo-
men of the neuter. or working bee.
The quality of the wax secreted Is
proportional to the honey consumed.
Beeswax is a very important product
and in the markets of the world 1t has
more standard value than the honey.
There is no substitute that can take
the place of beeswaX in the many uses
to which it is put in the industrial arts
and when we have pound Of bees
wax we know that there Is more gold
in it to the square inch than there IS
in an equal amount of honey.
The solar extractor Is very efficient
to render up combs. especially new
combs or cappings, into beeswax.
During the busy months of the aplary,
when you are likely to have at any
time a few small pieces Of comb. or a
few scraps that would either be lost or
eaten by the moth. with the sun ex-
tractor, usually in close reach of the
apiary, it takes but a minute to put
those scraps where they will at once
mechanically. be rendered into very
good beeswax by the rays of the sun.
If the sun extractor is kept. as Is
the custom with the careful beekeeper.
with neatness. the beeswax that will
come from it will need no further rem
dering unless residues or dark com os
have been melted. 1t may be we'll TO
mention that 1t is advisable not TO
leave the beeswax too long In the sun
extractor, unless the extractor Is SO
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-02-13
HOW TO RENDER BEESWAx

are so thick and loaded with foreign
matter that 1t absorbs all the wax that
would otherwise run out. These combs
may be crushed to pulp as near as
possible, then put into water to soak
for a week or SO. loaded down 50 as to
be under water, and then melted with
plenty of clean water.
When old combs are melted without
having been previously crushed, 1t
usually happens that some Of the
melting wax runs into the empty cells
which still remain in shape, being held
to this shape by the cocoons, and It is
next to impossible to remove any of It.
The soaking for few days ahead
thoroughly saturates the cocoons as
well as other residue Of whatever ma
ture, except the propolis, and the wax
if properly melted.
To render into wax put them into a
cheesecloth bag. then put the bag into
boiler half filed with cold water.
After boiling a half hour remove from
the stove and sink the bag to the bot
tom with a weight. Cover this and
let it cool off slowly, when you will
have all the wax on top of the water
and the refuse in the. bag. Tho wax
can be removed, melted again and
poured into. suitable molds.
To prevent the wax from cracking
when molding into cakes, lay board
on the pans and cover over lightly
with a cloth so as to keep out all tho
cool air. The air causes the surface
Of TIE cake of wax to contract sooner
than the middle. A cake Of wax being
smaller when cold than whom hot
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-02-13

the veins, especially at the point where
the vibrator is applied.
The system for imparting this vibra-
tory action to buds and blossoms has
been worked out and patented by
Herman J.. Darling of Delta, Colo. IT
comprises the installation in the tree
of a small electric motor having a
trembling rotary motion and con-
nected by transmitting wires to an
electric current.
During the months of April and May
when the orchard Is subjected to sud-
den freezes, by means of this system
vibratory trembling motion is i'm
parted to all limbs of the tree, trans
mitted to twigs and buds and this
motion starts the sap to circulating
invigorates the buds and strengthens
them against the killing effects Of the
frost.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-02-13
By III. A. HOPPER.

constructed for the purpose. Exposure
to sunlight is desirable If same can be
accomplished away from the dust. BY
all means avoid the dust.
While milk as secreted in the udder
Is probably sterile, it has been repeat
eddy shown impossible. except in rare
instances, to obtain milk from the
cows udder that Is not more or less
ntaminated with bacteria. They
find their way readily into the inner
parts Of the udder through the milk
duct and, flourishing in the presence
Of favorable temperature and food,
they are washed out by the process of
milking. Any disease of the udder
may also add to the numbers Of bac-
terra in the milk.
The most abundant contamina ton
usually comes after the milk has left
the udder. Dirt or dust from the COW,
hands Of mixer, utensils, or the dust
Of the stable, may add large numbers
Of bacteria. Strainers, coolers, bottles
and other apparatus, If unclean, may
likewise prove detrimental. In ways
too numerous to mention. the process
Of contamination may go on. Not all
bacteria are harmful. Some are help
AuA WhcA IIicy CdIl US COAlIoliCo, nAu
others seem to be without detrimental
properties.
From the sanitary standpoint. 1t is
more essential to groom the cows than
the horses. 1t requires not more than
one minute to properly brush the
TANKS and sponge and dry the udder
Of COW preparatory to milking. The
body Of the COW, and especially the
flank and udder parts, must be free
and clean from dust to insure good
milk. Bacteria are transported upon
dust PARTICLES Don't groom the cows
or distribute dusty foods or litter just
before milking time. Always allow
sufficient time for the dust to settle.
1t is customary to reject the first few
streams Of milk in f1rst-class diaries,
as such milk is of poor quality and
likely to be highly contaminated with
bacteria which have found entrance
from the outside. It is little short Of
a crime to milk a filthy cow without
first rendering her. parts clean by
scrubbing.
The wise dairyman will maintai.l
healthy surroundings for his herd at
all times. The losses consequent upon
neglect Of this, kind are too serious to
be lightly considered. '1.T'