The Winslow mail., 1913-06-21

Prussia gave him the contract for her new breech-
leaders The Khedive of Egypt followed this with
large order for material, and Russia fol-
lowed with contracts for large quantities of new
weapons
While the Essen works were designed for gen.
eral foundry work the output for many years has
consisted almost entirely of heavy guns; but it
not until 1846 20 years after his fathers
death and SO years after the founding of the firm
that Alfred Krupp began gunmaking His first
results pieces Of small caliber. AS he be-
interested in the science and his dis
coveries in steel casting developed the size and
weight of the cannon he able to construct
increased steadily until these war monsters which
have become worldfamous, became common oc-
currences in the Essen works.
The Krupp field gun is the basis of the mobile
artillery of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, Rus
sia, and Turkey. Under the administration Of
Friedrich A Krupp Essen turned out the great
pieces which guard Germany's fortresses and
mounted in her coast defenses Krupp answered
Krupp from the emplacements of Port Arthur
against the siege batteries of Japan. I'D side
by side with the instruments of Essen placed
a thousand and one steel products. illustrating
Alfred Krupps first and chief maxim: mo good
steel without good iron, used in today's tools, ma
chinery, railroads, and ships.
Krupp ordnance has roared all over the world.
Some of the guns that fired at Dewey's squadron
at Manila came from Essen. The siege guns used
in the Franco-German and in use at the
bombardment of Paris were from this factory,
and the Parisians' terror Of them was not d1m1n-
ished by the memory Of one Of the Krupp master
pieces which had been exhibited in their city In
1867. 1t weighed Is 900 Kilograms, and made away
with $500 worth of powder and iron every time 1t
was fired After that the Krupps refused to
make cannon for France.
AS the business grew collateral industries were
developed and Essen, which had been tiny vii
lage, expanded to town Of over 1OO,OOO 1nnaDl-
tants, all dependent on the Krupp industries. Coal
mines coke ovens, iron mines, steamships, rail-
roads, and blast furnaces bought In 1872
Alfred Krupp owned Ala iron diggings, and
when his son Friedrich died he owned over 500.
Upon Alfreds death, July IA, 1887, Friedrich A.
Krupp became the head of the establishment. IL
has been said of him that he devoted himself to
the financial rather than the technical side of the
business but in 1902, at the annual meeting in
London of the Iron and Steel institute, the Besse-
mer gold medal for scientific research was award
ed to him This is one of the highest honors that
can be paid to any man in the iron trade. 1t was
given to him for his discoveries in the manufac
ture of armor plate. The thus following
in the footsteps of his father.
Both Alfred and Friedrich A. Krupp declined
titles. One offered to the father by Kins
William, afterward Emperor William l., in 1864,
and Williams son, the present emperor renewed
the offer to Krupp's Neither would accept
At the time of his death he was by far the rich
est man in Germany, and was called "the German
Morgan" The imperial income tax returns
showed that in the year before his death he had
yearly income of between 20,000,000 marks ($4,-
000) and 21,000,000 marks. The second
wealthiest in the empire had income of
only 100000 marks