davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Norwich bulletin., 1913-02-27
Personals and Notes.

MT. and Mrs Oscar Christianson of North Main street left Wednesday for New Haven and Bridgeport where
 they will spend a week with relatives.
Norwich bulletin., 1913-02-27

Parties from this vicinity are en- loving the skating at Mohcxan park daily
Norwich bulletin., 1913-02-27

Miss Nellie Franklin of Jewett Cit was the guest of friends in Lisbon O. Tuesday.
Norwich bulletin., 1913-02-27

Albert Rainsford of the Canterbury Turnpike Is the guest of friends in Sterling.
Norwich bulletin., 1913-02-27
In General.

Willard E. Brown returned this week to Quaker Hill after visiting his cous-
Norwich bulletin., 1913-02-27

ins MT and Mrs Frank Skinner of Peck's Corner.
Norwich bulletin., 1913-02-27

Arthur Micheau of Occum was with Wfllimantic friends Wednesday.
Norwich bulletin., 1913-02-27
TAFTVILLE
Knights Are Considering Plans For
 Minstrel Show.

minStFe SnoW
 The Wednesday Knights held their regular meeting in the lecture room of the Taftville Congregational church Wednesday evening with a large at tendance. President William Murdock presided. Plans for a minstrel show that the club has under consideration were discussed and after a social hour the meeting came to close about 10 o'clock
Norwich bulletin., 1913-02-27

WHEN you wan, te pue zour bu.f. ness before the pubJc. fhars is no ua .. ainm better than through the adosrf59- tne AAAnns of The Bulletin.
Norwich bulletin., 1913-02-27

DOLLS DOLLS New Arrival of Rag, Character, CelIuloid and Unbreakable Dolls. Doll Heads and Wigs at
 MRS. WIN FATS
Norwich bulletin., 1913-02-27
The Chelsea Savings Bank

February IT, 1913 The Board of Directors of this bank have this day declared a dividend for the six months ending Feb 2s, 1913. at the rate of four per centum per an mum, payable on and after the 4th day of March.
 CHARLES B. CHAPMAN.
 Treasurer.
Norwich bulletin., 1913-02-27
THE WEATHER, Today's WeathSr Ferscast.

 Rain or snow Thursday and prob ably Friday, somewhat warmer Thurs day; moderate to brisk south winds. Predictions from the New Yerk Her ald: On Thursday 1t will be unsettled. with snow or rain, slowly rising tenn peratures and brisk variable winds. The outlook for Friday is overcast and colder weather, followed by clear ing.
 Observations in Norwich. The following records, reported from Sevin's pharmacy, show the changes in temperature and the barometric changes Wednesday,;
 Ther. Bar. a. m- --......-. 16 30.28 1z IT, AJ oU.oV [ p. m. .........-......... 30 30.22 Highest g, lowest Is.
 Comparisons. Predictions for Wednesday,: Increas- ing cloudiness and warmer followed by snow or rain at night. Wednesdays weather: As predicted with snow at night.
Norwich bulletin., 1913-02-27

The Bulletin should be delivered everywhere in the city before . q n.
 Subscribers who fad to receive it by that time will confer fAvor by re-
Norwich bulletin., 1913-02-27
WALL PAPERS

A full line of the above with new additions coming along. including those with cut out borders Holdings and bands to match Mixed paints, muresco and tints: also art glass limitations. We are in the market for painting. paper-hanging and decorating all the time.
 P. F. MURTAGH
 s2 and s4 West Main Street.
 Phone.
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1913-09-04
PETER SANDW|k
NOT insane
FARMER FROM SOUTHERN END
OF COUNTY Is DISMISSED BY
INSANITY BOARD.

Peter Sandwik, farmer residing
in the southern end of the county be-
tween Douglas and Max, was tried
before the insanity board, Judge Muir
ray, N. Davis and DR.. A. J. McCannel
Tuesday. The farmer was found to
possess his right mind and the case
was dismissed. The trouble was the
result of a neighborhood quarrel. A
neighbor, Smith, went to Sandwik' s
home Sunday morning and complain
ed that Sandwik had some cats that
were killing his chickens. Later,
Sandwik went to Smiths home and
told him to bring the gun over and
kill the cats. Smiths hired man took
the gun to the Sandwik farm, but was
chased into a wheat field by some cat
tie and in getting thru the wire fence,
his clothing was torn. He returned
home informing Smith that Sandwik
had beaten him. This resulted in
Smiths getting out warrant for the
arrest of Sandwik. The hired man
appeared on the stand and stated that
Sandwik was responsible for the &C.
tion of his cows.
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1913-09-04
SEE WHAT THE EASTERN
STAR ARE GOING TO Do

! Also the Philadelphia, p, Tele-
graph: "
Blanche a playlet dealing with
the hearts of women of the under
world and the perfidy of men who be-
long to the sporting Glass; realistic
ally and with strong dramatic force
shows the life, heart and feelings Of
one Of the 'other women It is a veri-
table gem of story. The sketch,
which was written by Miss Henry,
candles difficult question and shows
the same up in new and novel light
It made decided hit with the ladies
yesterday afternoon and Miss Henry
and Mr.. West were repeatedly recalled
time and again at the drop Of the cur.
tain upon blanche. I"
The proceeds will 60 into the char
liable fund of the order and the price
of admission will be Soc and 75c.
and will consist of dramatic, tragic
and will consist Of dramatic, tragic
and comedy sketches, assisted by local
musical talent to prevent any long
waits.
Twill be snappy from start to fin.
ish, an attraction we'll worth attend
ing and a cause worthy Of patronage
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1913-09-04
STANLEY BARBER
DIES Of POISONING
OSCAR FOSSE DRANK CARBOLIC
ACID AND DIED IN FIFTEEN
MlNUTES-EARL CONRAD, A
YOUNG DRUG CLERK, MAY DIE
NOAH MANN NARROWLY ES.
CAPPED.
Special to The Independent :

SpeclaI 10 Inc Independent:
Stanley, N. D., Sept. 3.-Oscar
Fosse, aged 25, barber, is dead from
accidental poisoning. Earl Conrad,
a young drug clerk, will probably die.
Noah Mann, who merely tasted the
concoction, escaped by narrow mar
gin.
While dance was in progress in
this city last night, the three above
mentioned young men went to the Da-
cotah Drug Co. store, which was op-
ened by Earl Conrad, the young clerk,
who mixed up drink. He intended
pouring in quantity of alcohol, but
by mistake got hold of bottle con-
tanning carbolic acid. Fosse was the
first to drink and he took large
quantity, which caused his death in
fifteen minutes. He died in great ag-
ony. Conrad took drink of the dead
ly poison and became unconscious
within a few minutes. Doctors are
working heroically over him and it is
possible that his life will be saved, al
tho he is yet in precarious condi-
tion. Mann detected something
wrong with the drink and merely
touched the stuff to his lips, escap-
ing by narrow margin.
Oscar Fosse was the son of promi-
nent residents of Stanley, who moved
from their farm near White Earth
not long ago.
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1913-09-04
LAD PERHAPS FATALLY
INJURED BY TRAIN
NO. 3 RAN INTO WAGON, CRUSH
ING SKULL OF SEVENTEEN.
YEAR-OLD PETERSON BOY
ONE OF HORSES KILLED.
Special to The Independent /:

Special to The Independent:
Stanley, N. d., Sept. 8 NO. 3 ran
into farm team and wagon driven
by the seventeen year4oid son of Gus
Peterson, a prominent farmer resid-
ing three miles northwest of this city,
Tuesday afternoon, injuring the lad
|'so seriously that there are few hopes
for his recovery. The lad was render
ed uncenscious BY the terrible impact,
his skalE being fract1red:s he. has ne.
maitea unconscious since. The boy
was, carried to the hotel, where ply
sicians and nurses are caring for him.
The doctors say there is slight
chance of his recovery. !
The boy had driven into town with
load of wheat and was just return
ing from the elevator when the en-
CINE of No. 3 struck the wagon
squarely as it was passing over the
crossing. The wreckage Of the wag-
on was carried on the pilot of the en-
CINE in front of the depot. The boy
was thrown quite a distance when the
engine struck him. One of the horses
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1913-09-04
Thursday, Sept. lS.

They have been fortunate in secur-
ing Miss Catheryn Henry and Mr.. Eu-
gene West, two dramatic sketch ar
fists, coming from the large circuits.
Mr.. West and Miss Henry are
spending their summer vacation at
New Rockford, the home Of Miss Hem
~. Some of Minot's citizens will re-
member the West-Henry stock COM
pany that played here in 1907.
Miss Henry Mrs. Eugene West) is
q North Dakota girl, born at Shey-
enne, N. Oak, and has for years
made New Rockford her home, where
her parents live, and is recognized
star in the eastern theatrical circles.
One critic said Of Miss Henry that
she has been for two years the most
popular and most idolized leading wo-
man in David Frohman's productions.
To quote the New York American:
"Mr. West and Miss Henry literal
~ stopped the show with their rem
dition Of one act version of Oliver
Twist IA curtain calls and speech
by Mr.. West were required to quell
the applause and before the next NUM-
Der could proceed.
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1913-09-04
Picnic at Glib Ranch.

A farewell picnic and presentation
was given at the Gibb ranch at Brook
bank for the Rev. and Mrs. Thornell
of Ross. Rev. Thornell is shortly
leaving to enter the medical college
at St. Louis, and Mrs. Thornell to vis-
it her home in Norway. The friends
gathered together in the forenoon and
numbered about SO, the tables were
laid under the trees and looked very
tempting with all theigood things ar
ranged. The afternoon was spent in
entertaining the guests with vocal
music, by the Rev. and Mrs. Thorneli
and Miss Scott, after which Mrs. Sa-
therwaite, yon behalf of thes friends
gathered presented the Rev Ind Mrs.
Thornen witha3a beautiful' chest of
silver the Rev. Thornell responding
with d few appropriate remarks, sayv
ing how very much he regretted leav-
ing so many good friends behind. AZ
ter supper the friends left for their
different homes, after spending very
enjoyable day.
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1913-09-04
10000 HO[LANDERS
TO C0LONzE \. OAK.
HON. BARON VAN TILL, EX.
PRIME MINISTER OF HOLLAND
SPENDS SEVERAL DAYS LOOK
ING OVER THIS SECTION OF
THE STATE THE GUEST OF
THE 500.

North Dakota entertained quite a
distinguished guest during last Fri
day and Saturday in the person of
the Honorable Baron Van Till, Ex-
Prime Minister and big banker from
Holland. The Baron lives at the
Hague, the capital of Halland. This
is the place, it will be remembered
that Andrew Carnegie built the great
Peace Temple, costing three million
dollars.
The Baron was the guest of the 500
railway and to Major Murphy, the
500 agricultural agent for North Da-
kota, was given the job of accompany
ing the titled gentleman through
North Dakota in Mr.. Pennington s
private car.
The Major met the party at Thief
River Falls on Thursday and accom-
panied him over the Wheat Line to
Kenmare, where an automobile trip
of half day was spent in that vicin-
ity, after which the trip was contin-
ued over the main line to Minneapolis.
1t is understood that Baron Won
Till's visit was both in the interest
of investment and colonization-most-
ly the latter.
1t would be a great thing for this
state to acquire about 10000 Holland
Dutchmen and their families, and in
cidentally it would be great thing
for the Hollanders.
There is not and never was, any
thing like race suicide in Holland,
that little country having now more
than one person to the acre.
Land in Holland is worth and sells
at from 100000 to $5,O0O.0O per
acre.
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1913-09-04
WHEAT AVERAGES
ABOUT Ten BUSHELS
SOUTH PRAIRIE YIELDS MUCH
BETTER THAN THE COUNTRY
NORTH OF MINOT THIS YEAR.
GRADING NO. l.

The indications that the average for
wheat on the north prairie will be
about seven bushels and that on the
south prairie nearly double. At least
this is the estimate given today ny
one of our grain men. Farmers north
of Minot who believed they would get
eight or ten bushels as an average,
are often threshing but five. Thos.
Kelley, north of Minot, threshed an
average of 16 1-2 bushels from so
acres, the best yield reported yet
from that locality.
C. Aurland, whose farm lies south
west of Minot four miles, hauled vel
vet chaff wheat to the elevator which
weighed 63 pounds machin, measure.
The wheat is practically all grading
No. 1.
The wheat thruout this locality will
average not far from 10 bushels, not
bad considering conditions.
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1913-09-04

Vac Barta, who is some gardener,
brot to this Office an unusual curiosity
in the shape Of cabbage plant with
three distinct and we'll formed heads.
Mr.. Barta is a good farmer and al
ways keeps his work well up. He
started threshing Monday.
John Ehr experimental with alfal-
ia this year. John used little too
much seed, consequently it is a trif1e
thick. He sowed it in rows and has
kept every weed out IF it. The crop
has made fine showing for the first
year.
George Walker entertained ten of
his gentlemen friends at dinner at
Floraldale, where he grows flowers in
profusion for his greenhouse business.
The guests spent q pleasant day and
at noon ten spring chickens and trim
mings were served, q. i. Rowan sup
|ervising the service. Mr.. Walker is q
royal entertainer. ss ts-y5 81
|. + 3. Elzenhoefer received ! lette,
from his son, Ben, who is in the mar
inc guard at Charlestown, Mass. Ber
has been in the service for two years
and is. getting some valuable exper.
iences He writes his father Ia thai
North Dakc&s still looks batter, 80 hin
EthanotWo st&tasrllse Massachusetts i
~ H! laiGlazer, the, Makoti merchant
autoeds to this city Tuesday to visit
friends. Mr.. 8 Glazers. raised nice
crop of wheat on his reservation farm
securing an average of IL bushels
which sold for 73 cents bushel. This
isn't bad for the first crop, but Louie
says there's more money in handling
merchandise than there is in farming
at least that's his experience.
Herman Kunkle, Norwich farmer
visited the Independent Office yester.
day. His wheat which was just
threshed disappointed him some, a.
lit averaged but 10 1-2 bushels. HIS
oats, however, yielded 80 bushels ma
chine measure, weighing out 80 bush
els. His neighbor, Ed Linton, thresh-
ed 200 acres of wheat that averaged
IL 1-2 bushels and oats 80.
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1913-09-04
PUTTING SPIKES
IN THE BUNDLES
PAT McCABE's MACHINE DAM
AGED-PETER EHR FIN DIS
SPIKES IN HIS GRAIN.

Hoboes in this vicinity placed spikes
in bundles of grain that were being
threshed by the Pat McCabe machine,
almost putting the outfit out of bust
ness.
Peter Ehr discovered spikes in some
of his bundles, and others along the
railway tracks have seen spikes drop
from bundles as they were being
stacked. This is the most despicable
piece of work imaginable and if any
one is caught red handed of putting
obstacles in bundles, we wouldn't give
twenty cents for his hide.
Mr.. McCabe, who was threshing rye
at the time at the Peter Ehr farm,
ran IA of the spikes thru the machine
which tore out 40 teeth and Jared the
machine badly.
Edward Nelson discovered II spikes
in his bundles while stacking his
grain.
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1913-09-04
Elmer FRANCIS DIES
At ROCHESTER MINI

country was inhabited mainly by In
dians, buffaloes and flickertails. His
experiences in pioneering were varied
and most interesting. Often we have
listened by the hour to Mr.. Francis
telling the thrilling tales of early
days. Once he was shot accidentally
with a shot gun and one hand was
nearly torn off. He was taken to Fort
Stephenson, rs miles away, to the
nearest doctor, and before he arrived
blood poisoning had set in. It was
by merest chance and mainly due to
a good constitution that his life was
saved.
Mr.. Francis filed on a homestead
near Sawyer now owned by Matt
FlemminR, and here he lived for 2s
years. - He lived three years on 9
homestead near Olds, Alta, and since
that time has resided in Minot.
He was one of our best citizens. He
was of a very quiet disposition, a mar
of sturdy, character and true friend
to all. Hundreds of friends deeply
mourn.
Mr.. Francis was born 81 years ;age
the 23rd of last October. His early
life was spent in Minnesota near Sauh
Center,r then, q border country. His
whole life was spent in pioneering
He dearly loved the west.
The deceased is survived by a wife
four daughters and four sons: Mrs
o. B. Griffeth, of Missouri; Mrs. Irwin
Williamson, of Melvin, Can; Mrs
w. r. Roach of Velva and Mrs. Jos
Rowan of this city; Earl, of Olds, AL.
ia; Harry and Frank Of Minot and
Mark of Sawyer. He leaves also a
brother, Charles, of Olds, Alta, and
three sisters, Mrs. Nellie Stoddard, OF
Rockford, ILL.,; Mrs. Eva Virgin Of
Spokane and Mrs. John Kaiser of this
city.
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1913-09-04
Ward COUNTY SETS MERRY
PACE IN ADVERTISING

firms will be asked to add to the S24OO
fund. The show will be one of the
best ever seen at any Of the Illinois
fairs.
The speakers will not work in the
interests of any particular land firms,
but any real estate dealers are well
come to join them at the fairs, distrib-
ute literature and boost their own
business.
Mr.. Devine represented the Brush
McWilliams Co. at an Illinois fair
last year in similar manner to that
explained above and the entire cost
aggregated only 5000. The company
found the proposition to be very re-
munerative.
A committee consisting of Pres.
Oscar Wilson, Devine, Gray and Car
ey, met with the county commission
ers Wednesday forenoon, and explain
ed the plan which met with their
hearty approval.
Each city and village in the county
is to have a member in the associa-
ton, and besides the commissioners
and a representative from each rail-
way company passing thru the coun-
ty, will become members. The rail-
roads are cooperating with Ward
county in the plan.
It is understood that the first fair
visited will be at Galesburg from
Sept. 13 to Is and the Aledo fair will
be visited from Sept. II to 20.
Other counties in this section Of the
state are expected to organize SINH
lar associations to work in conjunc-
ten with our own. Ward county will
set very merry pace and one that
other counties can well afford to fol-
low.
Among those attending the gather
ing Tuesday. were Oscar Wilson, E.
T. Carey and Editor Parriatt Of Dom
nybrook, Mr.. Nelson, the Aurelia
hardware man, Mr.. Johnson, the Hart
land banker, "A. w. Gray, the Ken
mare attorney, j. w. Calnan, Of Ber-
thold, and c. X. Christensen of Car
pio.
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1913-09-04
POPULAR YOUNG
COUPLE Wed
MYRTLE AGNES SCOFIELD AND
JOHN p. OLEARY EXCHANGE
vows AT ST. LEOS CHURCH
WEDNESDAY MORNING-WILL
RESIDE AT EOXHOLM.

The marriage Of Myrtle Agnes,
daughter Of Mr.. and Mrs. A. p. SEQ
field and John p. O'I.eary Of Foxholm,
occurred at st. Leo's Catholic church
Wednesday morning at eight o'clock.
Rev. Father Raith officiated at the
ceremony and was Celebrsnt at the
Nuptial Mass, assisted by Rev. Faith
er Mittereder of Foxholm. The pro-
cessional, "The Nuns Prayer" was
played on the harp as the wedding
party approached. Miss Mae Sco6eld,
the bridesmaid, entered first, follow
ed by the bride with her father, and
were met at the gate of the sanctuary
by the groom and his attendant, Har-
old Scofield. st. Leo's male choir rem
dered "Peter's Celebrated Mass in D"
and during the offertory, Clem Tooley
sang "Tui Jesu," with organ accom-
paniment and harp obligato. The
strains of the occasional were played
by Miss Katherine Kann on her harp.
Miss Kann had entire charge of the
music, which was most impressive and
beautiful.
The wedding breakfast was served
at the Scofield home by the Misses
Svelyn Murphy and Gladys Wheeler.
OOvCIS were l1lu lOl 1OuiI IVCIl. A1iS
centerpiece of the table was crys-
tai basket filled with red roses and
resting on a large mirror, around
which small red candles in crystal
candle sticks burned. At each end of
the table was large crystal candle
stick. The place cards were dainty
handpainted Cupids. Mr.. and Mrs.
O'Leary left for Minneapolis that af-
ternoon, where they will spend sew
eral days after which they will visit
Mr.. O'Leary's relatives at Ladysmith,
Wis, and at his old home, Elkador,
Ia, where his parents reside. They
will be at home after Oct. Is, at Fox
holm, where Mr.. O'Leary is in charge
Of the Foxholm State Bank.
The. bride has resided in Minot all
her life. She is one Of our most
charming young women and exceed
ingly popular with the younger set.
The groom came here from Elkador,
Ia, several years ago. He has Auc-
ceeded well in business and has q host
OF friends. "Jack" O'Leary is Of the
salt Of the earth. The Independent
joins the numerous friends of this
worthy young couple fn wishing them
a life replets with ta thaappha'ess. " ,aaia aD1' !
4: s.xalG .i9jOn
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1913-09-04
SIX NURSES
RECEIVE DIPLOMAS
FITTING EXERCISES HELD LAST
NIGHT AT ST. LEO'S CHURCH
BASEMENT - NESTOS TOAST
MASTER AT BANQUET.

A elias of six nurses from st. Leo's
Training school graduated from that
institution last night, the exercises
being held at the basement of st,
Leo's church. A large crowd Of
friends gathered and enjoyed an ex-
cellent program and bounteous sup
per served by the Daughters Of Isa-
bella.
The March Entire was played by
Mrs. j. C. Baker and the Harmony
Quartette rendered a selection. The
opening address was given by DR.. A.
j. MCDANIEL. Miss Stenerson sang
and piano duet was rendered by the
Misses Florence Roell and Winnifred
Blakey. Father Raith presented the
diplomas. Mrs. Brugman rendered q
piano solo and the class prophecy was
given by Mrs, Norman Saugstad,
Judge Davis presented the class pins.
Rose Mulzhof sang q solo and the
closing remarks were given by Rev,
VIM. Hunter.
At the banquet r. A. Nestos presid-
ed as postmaster and he made good
one. He had wonderful store OF
good stories which he told at just the
right time. DIR. A. j. MCDANIEL
sprung q number Of new ones also
The entire affair was most successful
The following nurses graduated:
Sister Mary Victoria, and the Misses
Ethel Frank, Sigrid Lofthus, Mary
Brophy, Johanna O'Grady and Cath.
crime O'Grady.
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1913-09-04
ONE OF WARD COUNTY'S EAR
LIEST SETTLERS PASSED
AWAY TUESDAY NIGHT FROM
KIDNEY TROUBLE.

The many Minot friends of Elmer
Francis were shocked to learn of his
death which occurred at the hospital
at Rochester, Minn., Tuesday evening
at 7:45 o'clock. Mr.. Francis had been
ailing for some time from a serious
kidney disease and left for the Min
nesota hospital q week ago Monday,
expecting to submit to an operation.
He wrote to his daughter, Mrs. Joe
Rowan, last Thursday that he was
continually growing weaker, and up
on receipt of the letter, Mrs: Rowan
and her sister, Mrs. w. r. Roach OF
YalKa and their mother hurried to the
hospital, arriving there Monday morn.
ing.a Word was received in Minot
Tuesday, morning that Mr.. Francis
was slightly better, but still in pre-
carious condition and that night a tel
egram was received that he had pass
ed to the great Beyond. y"
The remains will arrive in the city
today. The funeral will be held from
the Methodist church Sunday after
noon at 2 o'clock, Rev. Mr.. Olsen Of
ficiating and the remains will be in
tered at Rose Hill cemetery, beside
those of his venerable father, Cyrus
Francis, who died last spring at the
age of 80 years.
The deceased was one of the very
earliest settlers in this section of the
state, coming to Minot from the Red
river valley with oxen 80 years ago
This was long before any railroad en-
tered this locality. Mr.. Francis was
engaged as freighter in those days
and crossed the old trails when this