The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1913-10-17
WATER PRESSURE
Tremendous Force Exerted At
the Bottom Of the Sea.
AIR THERE COULD NOT RISE.

N Would De comprssssd 70 Such q
Degree Of Density by the Enormous
Weight That the Water Would Flest
Upon It-linits Of Diving Depths.
From ordinary considerations Il
would seem that there is no limit 30
the depths to which a diver or a sub
marine boat might go. Such. how.
ever, is not the case. What prevents
diving to great depths IL the enormous
y increasing pressure Of water. No
diver without a suit can go over $50
feet, because the pressure on the body
= then about Ave tons to the square
foot on his body. Eardrums would be
STAYED In. and other fearful difficulties
would result.
To remedy this the diving suit was
invented. but there ia a limit also to
its depth. At a depth of one mile the
pressure due to the water alone is 1875
tons to the square foot. Even II a div.
Ing suit was devised to Withstand this
enormous pressure trouble would b.
found In getting a pipe line that long
and withstanding the pressure that
would not break of It's own weight.
In the case of a submarine boat 1t
u slightly different. Here only the
strength of the boat is the necessary
thing. But to be strong the walls have
to be thickened. and this adds to the
weight, consequently adding to the
A>nI - ~ ,r,O1o1 Ahu0,,rh thu xr,oknN
/and so at last the limit Of the engine
p~ropelling the boat Is reached. II q
larger engine is procured 1t itself
weighs more, larger quarters are need
ed for it, etc. So there is q well de-
1ned limit to a marine boats diving.
Let Us take the extreme depth Of the
sea so far found. that of five miles, and
ind the pressure to the square foot on
the bottom. AS water is comparative
~ incompressible. a cubic foot Of 1t
weighs practically the same on the
surface as at the bottom of the sea.
In the case of fresh water this is sixty
two and a half pounds. Salt water
weighs slightly more. So all one has
to do to find the pressure due to the
water at any depth Is to multiply the
depth In feet by sixty-two and a half,
and the answer Is apparent at once in
pounds.
At a depth Of FIVE miles. the number
Of feet being 26,4O0, we have that num-
Der of cubic feet to multiply by sixty
two and q half. The answer Is 1885,
600 pounds. or 825 tons, to the square
foot pressure. No known hollow yes
eel can Withstand this.
While on the subject of increasing
water pressure a number of interesting
observations can be made in connec
ton with air compressibility. Air IL
very compressible, the volume decreas-
Ing as the pressure increases. II a bot
tie is tightly corked it will contain air
at ordinary pressure Of fifteen pounds
to the square inch. and that is the
pressure 1t exerts. Then tie a weight
to the bottle and let 1t down in the sea
by means of a string. On bringing 1t
to the top again It will be found that
the stopper has been forced into the
bottle by the water pressure. II the
bottle is filled with water and stop
pered and let down no such thing takes
place, showing that water is not com
pressible to any great extent.
II by any means some air could be
placed at the bottom Of a sea Ave miles
deep It would not rise to the top. for 1t
would be denser-that is. would weigh
more to the cubic foot than water
and the water would have to 1oat on
the air; hence no man knows II the
bottom Of our seas is wet or not.
There n only one thing that would
pgovoot the air from becoming this
dense, and that is IL It was cold enough
1t would liquefy. However, it is al
most impossible-is, in fact, impossible
for anything at the bottom of the sea
to be colder than 4 degrees c., for IL It
rot colder the water around 1t would
become colder and larger and conse-
Quently lighter and rise, and it's place
would be taken by 4 degree water,
which would bring the object to that
temperature. So we have no argument
against the suggestion, for the temper
allure at or below which air liquefes II
between 100 and 200 degrees below
Sero G.
Some people seem to think that .
0tone thrown into the sea can sink
enly to q certain depth and ID there
held suspended on account Of the pres
sure Of water. A body immersed In
Auid = buoyed up only BY the weight
Of the Auid displaced. We have found
that water Ii practically incompress-
ible. 90 II the stone displaces ! culic
foot Of water that water weighs tn
same. or practically %. at the top q
at he bottom Of the sea SO the ston1
Wsnld be buoyed up only BIZ that con
etant force and would be carried down
~ weight. Thus the difference n
- 1brces would be always downward.
- the stone would sink to the bot
i kAct. n the stone r ct MI CON.
1ble the tsndancy . for it - 81
per unlt volume u 4 -
N111s IN " havs tn same weight
3ean1aIler space. Il win ~ remem-
&t&K%X6GNk-AA &G%IAMAA NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS.