davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1913-09-16
BILL PROVIDES
THAT ALL r/|z|I/
MUST Bg III
House Probably Will Enact Measure
introduced by Allen Of Ohio
Effective After 1918.
CORONER MAKES REPORT

Holds Three Employees Responsible
for Disaster on New York, New Ha-
ven and Hartford ROad--Officials
Are not Mentioned as I'm Anyway TO
Blame-Engineer Miller is Arrested
ON Bench Warrant-Enters Plea
of Not Guilty I'm Court.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1913-09-16
NEWS SUM MARY
General.

General.
Thaw is greeted with cheers at Lit
Teton, n. ii.
Militant mood adopted by Huerta
i'm his message to congress.
Dentist Is arrested I'm New York
In connection with murder of young
girl to which Catholic priest makes
confession.
Sulzer is confident that he will he
cxoncrated.
Bill introduced In house provides
that all railroad coaches i'm future be
constructed Of steel.
Bixby trial begins In Los Angeles.
Another murder mystery confronts
New York police.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1913-09-16
Local.

LOCAL.
Walter Swart, pioneer Gibbon man
and wen known fisherman. dies here
Duck season opened yesterday.
School eTollmcnt close to 1000.
Local wheat market at standstill.
Noted Western artist here.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1913-09-16

CONTINUED on Page s.)
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1913-09-16

The East oregonian has the largest
paid circulation OF any paper In Ore
gon. east OF Portland and over twice
the circulation in Pendleton Of any
other newspaper.
Condon globe. (Condon, Gilliam Co., Or.) 189?-1919, 1913-07-25

Photograph by Tennessee agricultural ex-
pertinent station.
prrcHISa TO PREVENT WASHING OF SOIL
chiefly through the peculiarly potent
substance water, of which large guam
titles exist In the soil and pass thence
into the plants and animals, and the
vital energy of organisms, like that of
soil, is maintained largely by the cir
culation of their fluid portions, which
consist chiefly of water In most ami
NAL genera the circulation Is fairly
uniform throughout life. Among most
kinds OF plants It varies widely with
the season. while in soil the circula-
tion depends largely on climate and
season, especially as these are related
to plant growth. Other things equal.
the internal work or functioning OF
soil Ia determined by Its capacity for
conserving water and conveying 1t to
growing plants.
The fresh water entering soil is de-
rived from rain or melting snow ell
tUtT ulIGCll1 VI thiVNkh SNNthS" ~
underfow by irrigation or otherwise.
The water within the soil may be or
may not be efficient In circulation or
In soil functioning. according to its
quantity In relation to the soil texture,
for with its quantity Its condition may
be said to vary from, first, static to,
second. dynamic-that is 1t may be
either inert or active.
The full capacity of given soil for
water ranges with its texture or poros'
lty from some 80 per cent to over 81
per cent of its volume. This may be
denoted the water of saturatiOn. II
completely fills the interstices among
the soil grains, displacing the soil gas
and ordinarily moves Enthusiastically
under the impulse of gravitation. II
impedes or prevents normal function
ing of the soil and remains In a vir'
tually static condition until the ex
cess Is removed by drainage, etc.
The water required to form sol
fluid Tor to furnish the most effective
soil moisture) ranges with the texture
of the soil body from, say, 10 per cent
for sand to 40 per cent for fine clay
and much more for muck, The quan
tity sufiices to form Aim surround
Ing each soil grain in such manner as
to permit capillarity to act throughout
the mass and yet leave space for ali
Tor soil gass within the interstices.
while ordinary annual crop plant
root within the frst foot from the sur
face. the underlying three feet Of sub
soil forms a reservoir whence they de
Condon globe. (Condon, Gilliam Co., Or.) 189?-1919, 1913-07-25
HOME COURSE
IN SCIENTIFIC
AGRICULTURE
NINTH ARTICLE AGRI-
CULTURAL DUTY OF
WATER.
BY W J M'GEE. Late Soil Water Expert.
Bureau Of Soils. United States Dc.
parimeut OF Agriculture.

T%HE experience Of the farm in
every country and age has
shown that the fruitfulness OF
soil depends on adequate water
supply; no water. no crops. no animals.
no human life indeed. no soil.
Soil Is OF three parts-one solid. an.
other fluid and the third gaseous. The
solid part consists OF mineral aud or
gnnic matter In fragmentary or graDu.
lar condition IL forRs the stable
body OF the soil. The iuid part Is n
solution consisting Of wnter carrying
mineral and organic matter. II forms
the circulatory medium OF soil and
plants. The gaseous part consists Of
air nitrogen and oxygen mixed with
aqueous yRpor. carbon dioxide. hydro
gen dioxide. etc. II permeates the body
Of the soil. moving with the movement
Of the circuIaiory tiuid. changes IN tenn
perature and barometric pressure. etc.
The. three parts are conveniently
known as soil body. soil fluid and soil
gas.
Much Of the substance OF plants Is
taken directly and that OF animals In
directly from the soil. and soil grows
largely through the return OF sub
stances from plants and animals In
more highly differentiated or richer
form, and the chief source OF vital en-
ergy In soil expressed by Its own func-
tioning aud measured by its fertility
IL derived from the growth and decay
os plants and animals. Thus potash
and nitrates are elaborated and con
ccntrnted by plants and phosphates by
animals and returned TO the soil. which
Is thereby enriched and rendered more
effective In sustaining both plants and
animals.
While the interdependence OF soil
and organisms extends to all the ma
terials and powers of both. It operates
Condon globe. (Condon, Gilliam Co., Or.) 189?-1919, 1913-07-25
A PAINTER AND HIS BAssooN.
osinsborovsh Loved to Play Though
He Tortured His Friends.

ne tortufeo MS Fftenos.
"Gainsborougb's profession" I" says
one Of his friends. was painting,
and music was his amusement, yet
there were times when music seem
ed to be his employment and paint
ing his diversion"
He was 30 passionately fond OF
music that he filled his house with
all manner Of instruments and per-
mitted bis table to be infested with
all sorts Of musical professors ez-
cept only bagpipers.
Gainsborough never had applica-
lion enough TO learn his notes thor
ougbly, yet he loved melody so
much that he tried his native skill
upon almost every instrument. lie
could perform tune on the fiddle.
the guitar. the harpsichord or the
lute. He also took lessons upon
either the hautboy or the clarinet.
but made nothing Of il.
According 10 a biographer Of
Gainsborough. Johann Christian
Ba:il, sou Of the great Sebastian.
who lived for many years 10 Lon
don. had Il certain dry and testy hu-
NOR. lie used 10 sit and endure
Gainsborough's unhappy efforts and.
laughing in his sleeve, exclaim:
Bravo. bravo.
Gainsborough. not at all abashed
at his irony. if indeed he perceived
it. would go at it again. laboring
hard al his task. Now for Pur-
cells chaunt." or Here is a bit Of
old Bird" he would say.
"Dat is very fne!" cried Bach
when the ordeal was over.
"Now for touch of old Henry
Lawes." continued Gainsborough.
"Now, dat is too pad:" Bach
would shout, his patience worn out
at last. "Dere is no law why de
company is to listen to your mur-
der of all desc ancient gombosers.
Then he would get up from his
seat, run his fingers along all the
keys of the harpsichord and flourish
voluntaries as if he we're inspired.
One day Bach called on Gains
borough in Pail Mall and found
him in his studio, working hard al
the bassoon. The painters cheeks
we're pulled out till his face was
round and red as the harvest moon
Bach stood astounded.
''Pote it away. man. pote il
awayw he commanded. "Do you
want to burst yourself like the frog
in the fable? 1t is only fit for the
lungs of coundry blackschmidt."
NAY. now" exclaimed Gains
borough, lit is the richest bass il
the world. Now listen again"
Listen" cried Bach. "Mint
friendt, did listen at your door il
the passage, and py all the power
above it is for all the world as tn,
veritable braying of a iackass."
"Why, you have no ear for music
man," Gainsborough exclaimed. "nt
more ear than an adderw- outh'
Companion.
Condon globe. (Condon, Gilliam Co., Or.) 189?-1919, 1913-07-25
Is your subscription paid up?

P. A. Efrd, coneJo, calf, gives a
pointer for others to profit by. al
have sold Foley's Honey and Tar COM
pound, also other lines of cough medi-
cine for number of years, but never
used anything but Foley's Honey and
Tar compound for myself or family as
| find it produces the best results, al
ways cures severe colds and does not
contain opiates.
For sale by the Red Cross Co.
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1913-08-15
TODAY'S ADJUSTMENTS
To Be Seen at TuISd's Varfou, PIoyhouses

ana Eo 10 America 10 claim the in
hcrItaucc which had been left Kelly.
kelly, however, with the aid Of Shell
an, escapes from prison, and con
oeaIod in hc hold Of the same boat
on which Doolin sails, keeps an eye
on boolm's movements and ingcui-
ousl} illustrates his aims.
The Beatrice Harrington stock 90.
The large circle of friends and the
general shoW-goiug public of Tulsa
viii b" aErerdbly surprised to learn
nf the return of the Beatrice Har-
rington stock company 10 the city
for weeks engagement, beginning
sunday night August II. Firmly cs-
tollshed as fayorites. by their excel
lent weeks stay az the old Hippo-
dromc earlier in the season. their re-
turn 60 tn" new liippodrome air
dome. at Main and Fourth, will be
anticipated with pleasure.
This company returns with an en-
tlrcly new Wock's repertoire, up to
date and first class i'm every partic-
ular. Miss Beatrice Harrington.
whose pleasing personality and
charming manner of acting Is fca
turcd, as before, IN only the best
plays, uu" showing In stock The
same strong cast Of players are to
be seen with the company.
The classy cight-piecc band, whose
daily concerts were so much appro-
ciatod by the crowds each day on
the Main street will be on hand to
furnish the same lively and enjoy
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1913-08-15
philadelphia ~, Cincinnati O.2.

PHILADELPHIA, Aug. l1.--philade yhia
opened it's home stay today by winning h1th
games Of doubc.headcr from Cincinnati,
/ 20 O. and I to 2. The opening contest
was twirlng duel between Alexander ana
Ames Philadelphia took big lead in the
second aud third innings Of the second con
test by pounding Browns delivery and easily
held IT, Seaton, although wild, was eIfrr
~ with men on bases. leaping ono'hahd
catch by IIoblitzell featured.
The score, first game: K H. r
Cincinnati ..,... 600 600 ouo- ~
pbiladalphia $40 900 O0l 0Ox-- ! o
Batteries Alexander aad kilifer; susgs
Ames and Clark.
The summary: Hts--On Ames in seven
innings on Suggs none in one inning LEFT
ON ba,ss--Cncinaau !, Philadelphia D. First
base on halls-On Ames 3, of Alexander J.
Struck out--By Ames 2, by Alexander %.
Time 20. Tmpiros-Rigler and Byron
the score, second game:
Cincinnati ..... 900 600 200 B
pbiladrIphia .... 015 600 10N- 3 o
Botterios-Brown and Clarke; seaton and
knlifer.
The summary: Two.haso hits-Beckcr
Groh Luderus Threcbase hit - Becker
Home runs-Cravath . Sacrifice hit Pas
kcrt Stolen bases-Lohert. travath. Hob
ntzell. Double plays -lioblInen to Groh jo
Dodge Doolsn to knabe TO luderus Lei
ON bases-Clncimau IL Phladelpha
First base on Lalls-Off Brown ,, Of Seston
4 First base on err0rs-Phliede'p 'phia
Struck out--By Brown p BY Seaton 8; Time
Two hours. lmpires-Byron and hgler
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1913-08-15
AMERICAN ASSN.
indianapolis /, St Paul 2.
Louisville 0. Milwaukee ].
Toledo J., Kansas City .
Columbus !. Minneapolis T.
ST. LOUIS TEAMS CRIPPLED.
Two of its Star Pitchers out of Gpmc
for 10 DaNS

ST LOUIS, Aug. 1.-THE local
American league club win be with
out the services Of two Of its best
pitchers for some time. Roy Mitch
ell, star right handler, who alleg,.
he was insulted by Umpira 0'Ioggh-
lin in New York Tuesday and VINO en-
aged I'm a verbal battle with .hr ar
bitter, today received notice from
President y. p. Johnson Of tho
american league that h. had been in-
definitely suspended.
a. fly" Hamilton. Manager Siov-
ais best twirler, win hc out for
bout ten days as The result Of an
In Jury 10 his pitching arm. received
while the team was Cnroutc from
New York Yesterday.
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1913-08-15
Solves probIcm of nabIc, al rheatrcs

SEATTLE Wash. Aug. l4-Harold
BallUu. proprietor Of moving pic
ture theatre here has been handed
the palm by Seattle mothers. Ball
LOUIS theatre is bon the residential sec
ion and much patrouized by mothers
or nurse girls who bring small babies
TO the movie house with them. Every
time q baby began 90 cry the mother
or nurse was asked 10 leave. Ballou
always refunded the money. Now
Ballou has had built along one side
of the wall, a large glass enclosed
room IN which mothers and nurses
can take the noisy babies and still
sec the pictures.
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1913-08-15
SOUTp EPN LEAGUE

Atlanta B. Chattanooga . .caled end scy.
.uth -dorhucss).
Mobile 2 Montgomery o.
Birmingham >. Nashville
New Orleans 6-i Memphis SO
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1913-08-15
TEXAS LEAGUE

Dallas j. san Antonio G.
Waco !. Galveston o.
Fort Worth q. Houston 4.
Austin 1.2. Beaumont oil
First game twelve inninges.
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1913-08-15
Browns Buy Montgomery Star.

MONTGOMERY. Ala. Aug. II
The Montgomery baseball manage
ment announced today that clyde
Wars, Montgomery's second baseman
was today sold TO the st. Louis Ameri-
cans for a cash consideration" the
amount not being given out.
Wars will report to the Browns nj
the end of the Southern league sea
son.
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1913-08-15

tool used to fight fires on the
California forests combines rake.
spade and hoe. II is compact. SO that
II can be carried on horseback, and
weighs less than ~ pounds.
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1913-08-15

BOSTON. Aug 4-Chic-co took both
canes Of a double header from Boston today
p TO Z, and ) TO !. To celebrate Connell!
Day in honor Of Joseph Conncly the 10.
cal teams left fielder, several hundred
friends from Woodstock, X, /, his home city
ga,e him a silver loving cup. IN which there
we're sixty SO bills. Conuelly's team matr-
gave him a diamond scarf pin. Governor
Aram j. Pothicr OF Rhode Island and Mayor
John p. Fitzgerald Of Boston made the pres
eutation speeches.
The first game was a pitchers battle be
tween Tlumphries and Tyler for seven innings
Pierce held the locals 10 two hits ~ tA'
second contest. while the visitors batted Per
due hard in the first inning.
The score, first game; k ~ T.
Chicaro ..... 200 geo 06l- 10 J
Bostou ...... 900 600 0O1- IL !
Batteries Cheney aud Archer Tyler ana
Raridcn. r..5.-
TYLER. PheAn Home run-Lord liits-OU
Iumphries ~ In eight and two.thirds mn
iugs. on Cheney none In one.third inning
stolen bases Myers. Maranville Double
plays- Rariden 10 Maranyllc. Left on base
Chicago !. Boston g. First base ON nail'
OF TYLER 1. off lIumphries ]. tr"t hss"
ON ,rrors-Chicago Q. Boston /. struck oul
, q, TYLER =. by llumphries Is. Iimc-s is
lmpircs-KIcm and Orth.
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1913-08-15
WESTERN LEAGUE

Lincoln Z, Omaha |.
Wichita 6. Sioux City 8.
Denver 2. St Joseph 3.
Topeka Des MOincs rain.
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1913-08-15
AMERICAN ASsOCEATION.
WE'RE they PLAY TODAY
o.
NATION y LEAGUE

9
NATION y LEAGUE
Chicago at Boston.
Pittsburgh at Brooklyn.
ST. Louis at Philadelphia.
AJERiCNS LEAGUE.
New York OF Chicago.
Boston at st. Louis
Washington At Detroit.
Philadelphia at Cleveland.
ANtgiCa ssOClA1ION.
Milwaukee Of Indianapolis.
Kansas City at Columbus.
Minneapolis at Toledo.
81. Paul .; Leuisvilk
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1913-08-15
The score. second game .o,

ChfrrFo ...... $40 600 OOl--
po.ton ...... 600 UQ1 600 J !
Batterlss-Piercc aud Archer Perdue, Ru
dolph and Whaling. ,.,
u lhe summary: Two.base hits MuIer,
II ord Pierce Thrcc.hasc hit Saicr. Hit.
on Perdue IN one innius, of kudo!ph D
in eigb, innings Sacrifice hits-Piercc
zimmerman. Myers. Stolen bases - Myers
and Maran,ille. Left on bascs-Chirago ..
Boston ). Base on balls-On Pierce 3. on
Rudolph @ First base on errors-Boston J
Chicago J. Struck out By Pierce D. yer
due Rudolph ]. Passed ball-Archer
Time-Two hours. Umpires-Klrm and Orth
Yellowstone monitor. [volume] (Glendive, Mont.) 1905-1928, 1913-11-20

Now is the time to bring in your
plow work. We make any kind Ct
plow lays to fit any kind of ploW. =.
S. Johnston. Stf
Yellowstone monitor. [volume] (Glendive, Mont.) 1905-1928, 1913-11-20
A Montana "Jchn Dietz'

County Attorney Slattery and Under
Sheriff Art. Holland made an auto
trip to Wibaux Sunday to settle a
dispute between a Mrs. Vogt and her
son and the school trustees at that
place. It seems that the trustees
ordered the removal of school house
from point seven miles south Of
Wibaux to a point one and one half
miles north of its present location but
Mr.. Vogt refused to permit its remov-
al and backed up her verbal arguments
with a stout club while her son -four
ished a gun. Messers. Slattery and
Holland finally persuaded the belllger-
ent pair to suspend hostilitles long
enough to permit the school house to
travel away.
Yellowstone monitor. [volume] (Glendive, Mont.) 1905-1928, 1913-11-20
SCHOOL BOARD MEETS

A meeting of the Board of school
trustees of School District, No. ! was
held Tuesday evening in the offices of
G.. E. Miller. The following members
were present: Fl. N. Dion, &. d..
Hollecker, DR.. A. A. Baker, and Mrs.
Perham. The other trustee, E. &.
Leonard, was not present. Clerk Fred
J. Goulding audited the various bills,
and the trustees allowed them to be
paid. >"
Architect B. Rivenes, of Miles City,
attended the meeting and discussed
with the board the question of minor
change in the windows Of the new
school house on Meade Ave, for which
he has finished the plans. 1t was de-
cided to hold the matter over until the
contract for the new building has been
let and then the matter will be taken
IN with the contractor
Yellowstone monitor. [volume] (Glendive, Mont.) 1905-1928, 1913-11-20
A Sad MIR. Merry

Sheriff Wynn brought back to this
city last Friday, gentleman by the
name of D. r. Merry, who formerly
resided at Wibaux, but who stands
good chance of occupying quarters on
w. Bell ST., near kendrick Ave.
Mr. Merry. who has homestead in
Custer County, mortgaged l4OO bushels
of flax last spring to the Information
al Harvester Co.. in exchange 1or
some farm machinery, hut needing
some money he sold the fax to orther
parties. He was brought down last
week from Miles City to Wlbaux Tor
preliminary hearing on the charge
of larceny. The hearing took place
Friday before Judge Busheil, and
Merry, whose looks belied his name,
was bound over to the District Court
and bail was fixed at 81, ,25O which not
being able to furnish he was remandec
to the custody of Sheriff Wynn.
County Attorney Slattery was present
at the hearing in Wibaux and will
have charge Of the prosecution when
the case comes up for trial in this city
Yellowstone monitor. [volume] (Glendive, Mont.) 1905-1928, 1913-11-20
CITY COUNCIL NOTES

Inc mld-month meeting of the City
council, which was to have been held
at tn" City Hall on Monday evening,
was called off by Mayor Hagan, as
"ere was nothing of Importance to be
attended to.
Inc regular first of the month meet.
'"g Will be held on Monday Dec. 1st.
Inc people are still waiting to hear
''oH' the officials Of the Northern
rac'fIc Railway Co., in reference to
we Ureat White Way proposition and
'Apect something definite before the
HeA' meeting 1t is pointed out that
while the Railroad Company does not
wv haStily in matters of this kind,
'"ere Is hardly doubt but that they
Will come to the front and be one oi
N'e greatest boosters Of the innovation
nv 'ooubt using the slogan ''The Bright
q "iendive" in their future adver
asing literature.
Yellowstone monitor. [volume] (Glendive, Mont.) 1905-1928, 1913-11-20
Grain Shipments
Break All Records
Monday Glendive Established New
High-Water Mark For Grain
Hauled In By Farmers.

On Monday of this week, more
grain of all kinds was hauled into
this city by farmers for many mile S
around than at any time in the his
tory of Glendive.
While accurate figures could not be
obtained from the Occident Elevator
Co. ;. across the track, there can be no
doubt but that with the Farmers
Grain Co.'S, 78 loads representing
4977 bushels and the Eastern Montana
Elevator Co.'S, 5000 bushels, aggre-
gated somewhere very near the 10, 900
bushel mark, which is certainly a
banner grain haul and should be
interesting to people in the east who
are still skeptical abcnt this being a
great grain country
Farmers in this section have not
found it practicable to build their
own granaries as they find they can
get the best market price for their
grain and get their money for 1t just
when they most need it, by hauling
it to the city. At this time, nearly
all the incoming grain is being ship
ped to Minneapolis and Daluth. very
little of it being stored.
A high water price mark was also
recorded for this time Of the year
when on Tuesday, the Eastern MOI
tana was reported as paying | q for
flax and Il for wheat and durum.
These prices dropped later in the day,
however.
Some criticism is being made by
Yellowstone monitor. [volume] (Glendive, Mont.) 1905-1928, 1913-11-20
Young Scandinavian
Killed On Track
Carl Einar Strand of Superior, Wis.,,
Found Dead Near Berry's Place
Probably Hit By Train

Another silent tragedy of an un-
known young life being shifted out as
| one would sniff candle. was brought
to notice at 2 80 o'clock Monday morn
ing when Freight Conductor Frank
Regan stopped his west bound train
about three miles out of town and
telephoned to Chef of Police C. A.
Kinney that he had seen from his cab
the badly mutilated body of a man
lying about eight feet from the track
near Ed. Rerry's place two miles west
of town.
Upon arriving at the scene the chief
found the man dead, evidently having
been stuck in the back by the pilot of
No. which arrived on time that
morning, for the body was not yet cold.
The young man whose name was
Carl Einar Strand, from letters found
in his pockets postmarked from Sup
erior, Wis.,. had been discharged just
last Saturday from the County jail
where he had served a 80 day sentence
imposed by Judge Bushell Of Wibaux
Strand was nice appearing young
Scandinavian, 22 years of age, whose
parents, it was SAID, reside in Chris
tiania, Norway. One of the letters
found on his person was written by
Miss Elma Akerlind of 1880 John Ave.
Superior, Wis, to whom Chief Kinney
has written notifying her and asking
her disposition of the body
Immediately after the discovery of
the body, Guy Lowe was notified and
it was removed to Lowe Brothers
parlors awaiting the ac-
tion of the coroner jury.
Chief Kinney, who is also the Coro-
ner, called jury for the inquest which
was held Monday morning at 10 O. clock,
the verdict rendered being to the effect