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The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1913-08-26
a PUZZLED YOUNG FARMER
Attempt to SrAighten Him Gu,
1n 4 EoMr Roxnta

An Attempt to Staighten Him Out
On 4 Few Points.
I have the following interesting
letter from a boy who Is on the right
track;
for information about farming, as I
know nothing about 1t and will have
to learn. l am taking five farm pa
pers. but they have me confused. For
instance. here Is that says plow
deep: another says that if I do and
turn up. the raw clay it will kill my
land: One says to plant in h water
furrow; another says on bed One
says to apply fertilizer before you
plant the seeds; another says this
Won't do. as it will become exhausted
before fruiting time.
What shall I DO? Throw them all
down and go at it as best 1 can, or
what Please give me some eood
solid advice that VIII stand"
OF course, u young friend is puz-
zled by the different kinds Of advice
he gets. Let US look at some Of it
a little.
Deep blowing is important IN the
productivity OF h soil. but where a
merely scratched over for eener-
atoms, 1t would not be wise to plow
that land all at Once as deep as wo,,ld
finally be desirable, since the tnrninr
up OF a mass OF sour subsoil would
for a time do harm. The true meth-
cd Is gradually to deepen the Mo-
ing, and while 1 would NOT advi~
more. than an inch deeper to be tnrrad
than h former blowing. I Would
nevertheless loosen the bottom ~
the burrows with a suhsoil n3ow y,
even BY running a bun-toneue In tha
burrows after the turning plow. rhis
win to some extent aerate ths s,h
500 and make it easier al the nart
breaking to go deeper. Assnc;at.S
with deep blowing Il tho feftins 81
vegetable decay into the hand. VI
As . rule on high and we1-dr.~.A
land, the complete plovinr ~ ~
oush prtvAr~tion and plapHnE ~ 1 81 !.
level win BE- found better thsns 80
N. wsseFsturrgF 70 plana s. 4cM4
deep foFrows ptts TIA En
in =: az to xHhsteoa $Tsame. se as,
roots WY Get ue Ao1c6i$e 81
n any n VIZ sf{nS Sn8swt;s% i.
nv..sen; rsR1aay aqkx III 'h~ sai;
VI vi on Ne turfaes /.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1913-08-26
Pot Grown Strawberries Can Be
Planted Now.

| want to set some strawberries
now. but your advertiser, Mr.. Allen,
will not sell them in Can
you not persuade him to let me have
them 2"
1t is useless to ask q strawberry
plant grower from the open ground
to sell o plants at this season., as
he would lose many by digging now.
But any Of the Philadelphia and New
York seed houses Will sell you pot
grown plants that you can set now and
make a crop next spring.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1913-08-26
FOrdhOOk Lima Beans.

A reader asks: Have YOU ever
raised the Fordhooh Potato lima
bean, and with what success We
tried an acre this season, planting
them in a lettuce field, towards the
end Of the lettuce season. Field was
we'll MANFRED with stable manur and
heavily fertilized with high-grade fer
tilizer, and t~op-dressed with nitrate
Of soda and sulfate Of ammonia.
Beans look healthy and have bloom
ed themselves. white, but do not make
beans, not n blossom in a hundred
making q bean"
Yes. ] have grown the Fordhook,
ard have them now and they are
heterogeneous fertilization for the let
loaded with pods. The very heavy
tuce may have been a provoking
ause They would have been better,
l believe. planted on land that had
not had SO much heterogeneous fertil-
izer and then treated only with acid
phosphate and potash. Part Of mine
are growing where hog-pen manure
was used, and these are strong. but
not 50 productive as the others plant.
ed on that land that was manuret
n fertilixed heavily last year and n<
fertilizer given the beans. The eli.
mate has much to do with thes>
things, for the further south, ",
come. the less productive the larg,
lima beans always are.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1913-08-26
HARREN CORN STALKS.
What Causes Them and How To Get
Rid OF Them.

~"
farmer writes me as 1OIiOWS.
VIII YOU please write again on bar
rem corn. 1 read your article some
time ago advising to detasse!, but that
seems like putting out a house after
~ is on fire. | want to know the
cause Of barren stalks. and if there is
any preventive, for ii is a vital mater
and is robbing us or thousands OF
bushels every year. Several years ago
A. friend sent me two OF the largest
ears II corn | eve saw. / had a
small piece of ground that a been
nsed for hotbeds. and the water ms
ing l filled the pits and planted ths
corn there. Never saw corn grow 30
rankIy. II was Is feet hIgh and
never made a SILK. What was the
natter
THAT is the worst example Of bar
ren corn I ever heard of. But there
IN no doubt that barren stalks are
cutting the corn crop very seriously,
and it has been proved by at least
one farmer that they can be bred
out
Now, to understand the matter. we
must recollect tina the corn plant.
like many other plants, makes It's
staminate or male flowers on another
part. The male flowers OF corn are
what we call the t~assels, and the fe-
male powers are the silks. Now, to
make a grain OF corn, each grain
must have it's own silk and every silk
must get pollen while it is fresh and
receptive. Corn seldom sets it's own
grain, for the light pollen grains are
blown 10 all the stalks around il. and
few fan down on the plant that bears
the pollen. OF course, there is no
setting Of grain on the barren stalk,
but the pollen sets the grain on the
silks from all around 1t. and these
viii inherit the tendency to make
other barren stalks. Barrenness.
inheritance. Now. to prevent the
barren stalks from injecting all
around it, we pull out It's tassel as
Soo as it appears and before it has
ripened tassel and made pollen. OF
course, IL we let the tassel ripen and
scatter the pollen, it would be. as you
say, like putting out the fire after
the house is burned. But we pull it
out green and stop its r
That the tendency Of barrenness
can be eliminated is evident from
breeder Of my acquaintance. After
years ot careful culling out Of the
tasse1s from all barren stalks he has
cleared his field Of them. I went
through his So-acre field in every d.
growth OF the corn, and failed to FIND
Z stalk in the field hat had no ear
The officers Of the Maryland Expert
ment Station did the same thing, ant
they reported that they could not fin.
d barren stalk. Barren stalks in
teld are the result Of careless seet
selection, and allowing these bagrel
males to infect the silks all aroun'
them. and anyone who will year afte
year attend to the removal Of tn
green t~assels, can eliminate the bar
rem stalks. It cannot be done all a
once. and demands annual rougin
ont for several years
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1913-08-26

10 prevent stock from shrink.
ing when being shipped, we see it
suggested that they be kept from
water the day before loading, fed
on dry hay during the day, and
pats at night. Upon arrival at
me yards, let them have 4 drink
OF water, a1M iced them with hay.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1913-08-26
Prof. Massey's Views
The Progressive Farmer.)

know is the MARYLAND plan. There
the landowner furnishes a good COM
Portable dwelling. good barns, etc.
The tenant owns all the stock and
does the work. and he owns. too. AL
the hay. fodder. and straw made on
the place so long rs he feeds II on
the farm and the farm gets the ma
nure. He pay no part OF the taxes.
The landlord furnishes paint and
whitewash to keep the buildings in
good appearance and the tenant ap-
plies them. The landlord furnishes
fencing material and the tenant
builds the fences needed The ten
ant, getting all the hay, furnishes
the clover and grass seed. The system
has been carried out by a contract
that specifies the rotation to be pur-
sued. and so long as the nan farms
we'll in accord with the contract, he
is never removed, and there are men
Of means who have been living thirty
years on rented farms and buying
farms and renting them in the same
way, and the lands have not only
been kept up but improved under the
system, and the landowners have be-
come miuiOnaires, while the tenants
have made money
Live and let live is the only way to
make share farming profitable 70
tenant and landowner.
HOW TO HANDLE DEWBERRIES.
A friend writes: Il have just come
into possession Of a bunch of dew
berries two years old, about an acre
In extent. Please tell me what to do
with them to get a good crop next
season.
Dewberries, like all other black
berries, make their fruit on the canes
of the preceding year and to get a
good crOp OF fruit, it is necessary I 0
have this season a good growth Of the
young canes. The canes on the plants
that made fruit this summer should
be cut out and burned, and the young
canes trailed in along the rows SO
that the soil can be cultivated be-
tween the rows. A good application
Of fertilizer should have been made
as soon as the fruit was off, and it
may still DO some good to fertilize
good high-grade fertilizer, for the
stronger the canes grow, the better
the fruiting ext year.
There are different ideas prevalent
in regard to the treatment OF the
plants. The general practice in
North Carolina is in spring to tie up
the young runners to stakes. Where
Our growers do not stake, but they
pinch the young runners early in
summer to induce them to grow
bushy and then let them lake their
natural habit on the ground. This
gives a good crop, but there is NOR
danger. Of getting the fruit dirty from
the sand 7 would prefer the stalking
But I would let the young runners ruI
on the ground, and let them remain OF
!, the ground during the winter as q pro
lection from the cold, and tie them VI
: to stakes in the spring. Keep then
> clean OF grass and weeds during I'll,
:. fall. That is about all that can nov
/. be done.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1913-08-26

it is better to SOW In September ana
MP to October. Down IN Jones coon-
~ a friend writes that he has sue
ceeded well with this clover in east
ern North Carolina, but thinks We
have been advising too early sowing,
for he finds that he can set the PEST
stands sowing from October TO De
cember Perhaps in his warmer
coast section he car do this. but the
first inquirer is in the upper
and there l would SOW in September.
and early in the month, too. Still
there will be more risk cf failure in
August sewing than in october even.
Too early sowing is worse than me-
dunn late. ! once Sowed crimson
the first of November at Raj
eigh. and had a fine stand. But the
fall weather was unusually favorable.
and | doubt that such late sowing Will
be uniformly successful except in the
lower 81 region.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1913-08-26
When to Sow Crimson Glover.

A correspondent in Guiiford county
North Carolina, Say that he has corn
which was just in tassel the first week
in August and wants to SOW Crimson
in it at once. I believe that
while the August sowing may succeed,
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1913-08-26
Amount Of Nitrogen Fixed by
LeYumee.

A reader asks: "Can YOU tell me
the amount OF nitrogen stored in the
coil by the different legume plants?
II an acre makes a ton OF clover. how
much nitrogen is taken from the air
by the roots?"
The amount Of nitrogen fixed by
any legume will depend not only on
the growth OF the plant, but mainly
on the abundance OF the noduleA con-
tanning the bacteria that are found
IN the roots / hardly think that it
would be possible to ascertain with
exactness the amount Of nitrogen
taken from the air under the condi-
tons you name. A growth OF only
one ton Of clover would indicate a
small number Of bacteria on poor
soil If the bacteria are plenty. there
will be more nitrogen secured from
the air in a comparatively poor soil
than in a rich one, for where there
Is an abundance OF readily available
nitrogen In the soil. the plants will
get less from the afr. 1t has been
found in Delaware in the annual SOW
ing OF clover in peach orchards. that,
as the soil gets richer from the pre-
Vious turning under. Of clover, the
plants get less and less increase OF
nitrogen over that IN the soil. As a
rule, you wiz fnd that a fairly good
crop Of crittAon clover will leave as
much nitrogen in the soil as would
be a from q ton an acre Of th<
average commercial fertilizer.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1913-08-26

Hs thtissryl| Hppose Q con-
81 9efts . u9onkRh to make u fool
AH%.. &eaS. DO. / triumph V
eeh8e>e14t6E~BoS3on T~fAnbettpt.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1913-08-26
Deep Flowing and Legumes Go land
INLAND in Soil Building.

Much has been said in regard to
deep blowing IN the winter. Last
January [ broke my corn land about
eight inches deep and let it stay with
out any narrowing. The first of April
| fan my OWS four feet three inches.
bedded it up, then listed betW cen
beds, and planted my corn in that
list. ! used about 500 pounds of fer
tilizer to the acre and my corn is
very good, much better than many
thought it would be.
Some of my friends tell me that
the land will fail next year. I am
not able to say, as this Is the first
time i ever tried breaking any this
way. Last year | broke some with
two plows, one behind the other. not
turning the yellow dirt on top. This
year | broke that same land with a
two-horse pillow and l find much i'm
provement in the land.
I take The Progressive Farmer and
! think it the best farm paper in the
South. N. s.. JOINER.
Murfreesboro, n. G..
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1913-08-26
A Rational Rental system.

Please give me your idea Of the
following, writes a friend: "A has
2 farm and proposes to rent it TO
3. B is to do all the. work. pay half
the tAxee, furnish halt the stock and
tools, half the feed and half the seed
sown on h ptace. CRn B make any
thing under such an Enhancement"
! think not. He would simply be
paying A for the privilege of working
hts arm for him. 1t would be a hne
lRing for A, but would keep b with
Nis nose hard to the srindstone to
make = living. No share rental is
GOOD that does not take in the inter
est Of tenant and landlord as nearly
equally az possible. The best system
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1913-08-26
Comment by Prof. Massey: Yo

Comment by Prof. Massey: Your
deep blowing is all right, and now if
you cut that corn at maturity and
cure in shocks, and disk the land fine
but not deep and SOW to oats in Sep
TENDER, you can make a good crop Of
oats. Then follow the oats with peas,
giving the peas a dressing Of 400
pounds an acre Of acid phosphate and
Is pounds Of muriate of potash. You
can cut a fine crop of peas and can
SOW crimson lover on the stubble and
have a green growth to turn for cot
ton in the spring and make q great
cotton crop. Then, with the clover
sown again among the cotton, you
a have a clover sod to turn for corn,
and by sowing pea among you corn,
you can keep hat land improving
with this rotation. It is more neces-
sary to grow the peas and clover and
maintain and increase the humus in
the soil than to pillow s o deep. But
deep blowing and a good rotation Of
crops go hand in hand. and we need
alr-around good farming, and with
the clover sod you will not need the
500 pounds Of fertilizer on the corn.
but can use only acid phosphate and
| potash.
The Detroit times., 1913-06-23
HOLD UNION
IN 'PH0llB


ST. LOUIS. June 3f.---lltno
Miller. president Of the TT
Operators union. was arrests
In front Of the Sidney oxchoC
q charge Of throwing Z mlo1It
taxicab In which were ave -
telephone operators and . mall
ploye OF the company.
AT the Wyoming polio : 60
where she was questioned ~ &
tain Pickel. Miss Miller dsnio1s
had thrown the missile. NJ
More police were demanded c.
by the Southwestern Telopho01
Telegraph Co.. to protect their &
union employees from the activ1oX
the striking telephone pickets.
regular detail of police and PRIV
detectives were unable last nlEn<
handle the crowds that gath2
around several Of the companys05
changes. pushing. jostling ana =
Ing employees eand officiaIs Of
company whenever they lett II
building. A guard thrust his oln
into the side of girl picket and
was compelled to leave the line
seek medical attention.
General Manager w. j. Hiss, n
tained today that the service q
paired. that the girls have no ri
ances, and that they will return
work shortly.
The Detroit times., 1913-06-23
LOST GIRL CAN'T TELL
POLICE WHERE HOME

Living with her brother on otyq
Of which she doesn't know the naH1
and employed in q cigar factory
Gated she doesn't know whore. Z
unidentified Polish girl picked e
while wandering about the stree
Thursday night, IL proving pu1t
to officffiers In police headQuaFteeo@
The girl managed to tel 1.-The p0Il(
that she Is % years old, and had boo
in this country two weeks, resi611
with her brother. She worked lnS(
cigar factory, she says, and on ou|
days attended services where the
go to church in q basement" 4 G4l
friend always accompanied her to IN
from work. y
Thursday evening she started r.
home alone. and was soon lost W
dering about the streets until On
reached the downtown district ~
was taken in charge by patrolmn1
The police believe that the chureo
referred to by the girl II st. H00
wigs, at Michigan and Junction-aveD{
and she will be taken there 70 seo <
she can recognize the locality.
No one In headquarters IL able U
get any idea Of the spelling Of tn
girls name, which Is almost UMPIRE
uouncable.
The Detroit times., 1913-06-23
FINDS STRANGE MAN
IN BOARDER'S Red

Mrs. Louisa Hantz. OF No. 514 Ora
tiot-ave, received. a shock, Friday
noon. when she entered the room OF
one Of her boardors, to make the bed,
and found a strange man in the bed,
sound asleep. She fed. and notified
the police.
Patrolman George Abel was sent TO
the house, found the intruder still
asleep. and, awakening him, decided
that the young man was demented.
He was about IS or 20 years old, ana
seemed dazed.
Abel sent him 10 st. Mary's hospital
In police auto.
The police believe the youth may
be John Zeb1da. No. $50 Mitchell-ave.,
reported missing from his home for
couple OF days. and declared to be
insane. He answers the description
OF the young man found IN the Hantz
home.
The Detroit times., 1913-06-23
RIVER CLAIMS
ANOTHER VICTIM
Fourteen Year-Old Sherman
Cavanaugh Drowned at Foot
of Hastings-st.

Disregarding his fathers orders 10
Keep away from the docks, Sherman
Cavanaugh, IA years old, Of NO. 37l
Oongress-st. east, was drowned while
swimming at the foot of Hastings-st..
Saturday morning. A citizen who tried
to rescue the lad with pike pole de-
clared that another boy. swimming
with him, pushed young Cavanaugh
away and let him sink to his death. as
the boy reached out an appealing
hand to him as he was sinking.
Get out" the other lad Ia alleged
to have said, with an oath, as he push
ed Cavanaugh from him. do you
want to drag me down with you?"
The other boy swan ashore, hur-
riedly donned his clothing, and went
away.
Cavanaugh had just finished hts
school term and had started to work.
Friday. as an errand boy for Druggist
Rohnert, at Rivard-st. and Jefferson
ave. His father. Thomas Cavanaugh.
hearing the boy went bathing along
the docks, told him repeatedly not TO
do so, but to go to the Belle Isle bath
ing beach IL he wanted a swim. Cav
anaugh and companion went to the
docks together. The companion would
not go In with him. but another lad.
whom they met there did. He Is the
youth who is said to have thrust the
drowning boy from him.
The body. recovered at the foot OF
Randolph-st. by Harbormaster Eli
son. was sent to the county morgue
Thomas Cavanaugh later claimed t.
The Detroit times., 1913-06-23
HEAR RAILROADS
RATE OBJECTIONS
Middle Western Roads To Give
Figures Showing Losses to
Government

WASHINGTON. June 21.-Yielding
to insistent demands by many OF the
SO railroads traversing territory east
OF the Mississippi and north Of the
Ohio and Potomac rivers, the inter.
state commerce commission are oper-
ating at reasonable profits under the
maximum tariff ruling established by
the commission two years ago.
The railroads contend that operat.
Ing and maintenance costs have so
increased rince the issuance OF the
order that returns now permit an ex-
ceptionally small margin of profit con
sidering the invested capital.
The hearings, exact dates for which
have not yet been determined, will
be attended by representatives OF all
the railroads, who will urge the COM
mission to grant an Immediate ad'
vance OF at least FIVE per cent on all
freight.
The Detroit times., 1913-06-23
HOSPITAL GETS
$4,000 REQUEST
FROM briggs
st. Luke's Is Beneficiary of Will
of Lawyer Who Died Few
Days Ago
ESTATE SAID TO TOTAL
NEARLY HALF MILLION
Matthew b. Whittlesey, Adopted
Son, Left Bulk of Property
Many Remembered

st. Luke's hospital. church home
and orphanage, Fort-st. and McKins-
try-ave., gets 100000 from the late
Frederick e. briggs. who died few
days ago, the legacy being provided
In his will. filed for probate, Satur-
day morning. Mr.. briggs was presi-
dent OF the board OF trustees Of the
hospital for 35 years, and took a keen
interest In the work OF the institu-
ton. He provides that the total
amount OF the bequest TO the hospital
be paid within five years after his
death.
Matthew B. Whittlesey. No. 109 Ro-
wena-st., Detroit, and John ]. Whit.
tlesey, of Pittsfield. Mass, adopted
sons OF the testator. are remembered,
the latter getting $4,000 and Mat
thew. who is named as trustee and
executor of the estate. being left an
unnamed amount. the balance OF the
estate, after other requests are made.
The value of the estate IL not made
public, but II is reported to be up.
wards OF 100000. Mr.. briggs was a
lawyer but Is said to have made most
VI hio iuohCy ny iOiNuhotC SPCSuio-
tions.
The requests, In addition to that
to st. Luke's hospital. are as follows:
To the Episcopal fund. diocese OF
Michigan. $1,000; Woman's Hospital
and Foundlings home, $1,000; Emma
r. Parker and Mary E. TURNER,
friends Of testator. $4,000 each; Anna
d. Pitkin. $4,000; Mary Mason. daugh-
ter OF Mrs. c. E. Mason, and Jose
phine " Brownson, daughter Of Maj.
Henry F. Brownson, $4,000 each FL
sic Earle and Henrietta Prentis. OF
New York, $4,000 each; William v.
Butler. Harold r. Martin and Anna F.
Savage, $1,000 each; Mary c. Pitkin,
Detroit; Mary Alice Johnson, of Steu-
benville. O., and Robert J. Wicken-
den, $4,000 each.
In the will. Mary j. Perrin and
Edith Perrin Unger were left
an annuity OF $4,000 each, but both
are disinherited In codicils. In the
first codicil the Mary Perrin bequest
is reduced to $50 month. but no
change Is made in the allowance OF
Edith Perrin Unger. The latter, how
ever, along with Mary j. Perrin. Is
cut of without cent in second and
final codicil. No reason is given for
the change.
In one Of the codicils. II is stipulat-
ed, that Laura f. Thompson get $10-
600. II she be in his employ at the
time OF his death.
The Detroit times., 1913-06-23
P. NJ. PREPARES TO
REINSTATE men
Strikebreakers at Saginaw Being
Weeded Out to Make Room
For Old Workers

SAGINAW, Mich, June 20.--Gen-
eral Manager f. II. Alfred. Of the
Pere Marquette is in this city weed
Ing out the undesirables among the
strikebreakers employed In the places
of the boilermakers and machinists
who left their jobs when the recent
strike was called.
1t Is said that this is being done
for the benefit OF such Of the old
men who wish to make application
for their former positions.
The strike is proving expensive to
the. Pere Marquette as the railroad
company Is forced to provide food
for 700 men imported from Chica 20
and other points. The strike break
ers demand good food and II Is cost
ing the railroad approximately $500
per day to feed them