davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1913-09-13
NJ. E. CHURCH CONFERE!!:NoE.
Annual Event viii Be Held at Buck.
harmon Commencing s0oto. N

The annual conference d 3thes,
Methodist Episcopal church Will be-
held this year at BuckhannoD beglls
hing October tho Sth and continuing
for week,
Bishop John W. Hamilton, of Bos.
ion, Mass, will preside at The sesT
'ions. M
Rev. Fl. c. Howard, pastor. Of tlia,
First Methodist Episcopal church
lnd Rev. l.. D. Bowers, pastor
Diamond Street Methodist Episcppst
church, viii attend the conference
as win also q number Of othef :
people. s9l5S
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1913-09-13
NoTICE-FA1RM0NT NORMAL
SCHOOL.

All persons who desire tetake
staudents to room are requested tp
soc me on Saturday, Monday or
Tuesday, September 9th, Str ana
9th. q:
All persons where students frpopl,i.
must be approved by me and all3pHfts
sons taking students must agrce
cooperate with mo in conserving
the best interest Of the students.
9-5-4t o. |. WooDLEY I,Ef;a
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1913-09-13
CAN'T MAKE A MISTAKE.

HIGH POINT, N. c. population
$1,000 There has been vast I'M
provccmnt in the conduct Of the az
fairs OF our city under the commits
sion form of government, and our
people arc very proud Of the showing
that hes been made.
The commission government wher'
ever it has been tried has been 4
money saver to the tax payers.
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1913-09-13
BODY RECOVERED.

HUNTINGTON. Sept. IL. = The
body of Carl %illia, drowned late
Monday when he fell from a barge
near the middle Of tho Ohio rivert
has been recovered. willis was ~
years Of age and unmarried.
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1913-09-13
WHEN SERVANTS WERE 7LAvES

1t hasn't been 50 many years since
servants we're practically slaves; they
were bound out for tGrm Of years
aud never could hope to better their
conditions. The world IS advancing,
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1913-09-13

AL n meeting Of the Civic League
last nightsat tho Y. NJ. c. A. plans
were formulated whereby steps will
be taken to seeathat an honest cIcc'
tion SIS held next Monday in..rcfer'
cncei to- the new city charter and
that dfteraths votes have been hon
cstly polled lllat There is u fair count
OF the votes. ~ -
INC .conmt,tce ION law enforce.
nlent through Its chairman, Itollo J
gonlcy, reported that II had several
plans that would he used TO secure
an5honeyt election:
The league IS making an effort To
secure an honest election wit'lra fair
count.
To. Manage Grocery.
MIR. 1tIFstItf e4IMGtt hns taNcr
charge OF lilo management Of the
grocery; at!@SQ7 Locust avenue. Mr.
Agnsttthas itiSDn engaged in the gro
Gerry bus several years.
WillsBe Here.
Word has been received here that
lilo Hon; G. ~ fall, Of Los Angeles,
Cal, Who Is scheduled to speak at
mo Prohibition convention TO be
held llorc Tuesday afternoon, will be
in Ftirulont at that time and will
kGcphis appointment. Hc will also
sItuak tofthG voters of Marion county
TUESDAY night. MIR, Hall is a speak
IN ii Considerable ability and IS rnI'
IN; convelsant with The doctrine 0I
the Prohibition party. He madc The
nominating speech in the last I'rohi-
bitiolrS national convention that
i,saced.thc name Of the Hon, Eugene
sGllaEin before the body.
y Boys Wanted.
Scoyral CONCERNS are looking toi
B buys. Many of the lads that are nov
employed will start to school Mon
day Tho glass houses and several
othcr places will have to supply 9TH
o. employees to take the place Of thu
boys who leave for school.
Laying New Walk.
The Board Oi Education is laying
u fEnc cement sidewalk from DcnOn
uyenuosto the Pairmont hlg1 school
]. Walter EflaS0n is doing the work
e b
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1913-09-13
s,UFFRAGET ARSON SQUAD
GETS RUSY AT NEW CASTLl

LONDON. Sept. 1S.-Thc railroac
station buildings near New Castle
we're burned by suffragettes OF th'
arson squad. Posters were left read
ing as follows:
"Preusier Asqutt'l is responsible
for militancy. Apply to him TO-
damages.
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1913-09-13

Your classified ad gets you a hes
ing from most Of the people to Who'll
your message or year offer would h
interesting. The others, do not ma
ter. anyhow. sss!! ~ .e.1
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1913-09-13


Tho new charter provides that all
The commissioners shall give bond III
The sum OF $4,000 when elected.
Under the new charter the council
cannot lay levy, assessment or Is
sue license or spend u dollar Of tho
peoples money.
Under the new charter there is not
q pcnnWof salary provided for the
council.
Under the new charter the COM
mtssioners cannot be Interested III
any contract or furnish any supplies
Of any character to the city.
Under the new charter any cleo
Tive officer may be removed by recall.
Under the new charter the people
can pass an ordinance or franchise.
Under The new charter tho people
can veto any ordinance or tranclS'
by referendum vote.
Under the new charter the people
have the fullest possible voice IN the
government that has ever been de-
'vised by any state or city.
F.? Under the new charter the COM
anissioncrs are required to keep Of
;flccs ut the city hall and stay on the
hob.
! Under the new charter the COM
mlssioners are required to deposit
.thc funds Of the city in some bank or
banks of the city which will pay 20
or more interest ON the deposits.
Under the new charter the banks
receiving the city funds arc required
to give bond for the safety Of The
money.
Under thy new charter the debt
limit is fixed for any and all pur-
poses at So of total value of the tax
abio property.
Under the new charter the price OF
any service or any article furnished
by any public service corporation un-
der future franchise can be fixed Or
changed by tho city.
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1913-09-13


III The council performs the same du-
IL ties under the old charter and no
bond at all isrcquIred.
III Under the OIL charter the council
s. docs all these things.
no
OF l.udcr the old charter they draw
~ each 500 per year $1,000.
H. Under the old charter the council
Il. is not prohibited in any way from
cs furnishing supplies to the city,
c. Under the old charter there is no
Il. recall provided. lie stays there I'LL
his slime expires.
lie Under the old charter the people
c. cannot pass any law or ordinance
lie Under the old charter all ordl-
5, nnnces or franchises must stand I'm
less the council wants them repealed.
lc Under the old charter they cali
lie only express themselves at each gen
G. eral city election.
n Under the old charter the council
T. meets when it plcuscs or when II eau
lc get a quorum.
H. Under the oldncIlarter there is no
It such provision and no interest Is paid
% - -
IS Under the old charter no security
ID IL required and none given.
Ut The old charter is silent on thu
r question.
Of Underline old charter no such pro
ID vision Is made.
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1913-09-13

How many kood tenants are ever
ound EXCEPT through advertising:
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1913-09-13

If you vote for change. ever!
councilman nov serving the city vii,
10 out Of office January /, 1914.
,f~ ,r.,i
- EIsst''
If you arc satisfied with prescn'
conditions vote against the charter
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1913-09-13
Registration.

On tho subject Of registration Of
vctcrs the new charter reads:
Sec. &c. The board of affairs
SHALL provide for such regulations
for registration of voters as may be
rendered necessary by state laws
Under tic new charter vacancies
are filled ut special election by the
voters.
Thc difference is the people fill va
gcsncics under the new charter ana
undcr tho old one the council fills
LGcm.
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1913-09-13
Registration.

.,o. no rr,vi
sion for registration Of voters ant
that Is why there Is now v, complain com a,n"'
r"n ' ,Io mc,y charter
~
On filling vacancies tile old charter
says: ~ 'FH
cur from any cause in the office Of
mayor. councilman, city clerk, chtcl
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1913-09-13
CITY BRIEFS
want Honest Election.

80
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1913-01-17
Joe Boehling Witt " III
Be With Griffith

ATLANTA. GA. Jan. 16.-~Man-
ager Bin smith, uf the Crackers has
returned to Atlanta after spending the
past ten days with Clark Griffith in
Washington Bii says he had the
time of his life at the nations capt
tol. and Griffith left nothing undone
IL make his visit enjoyable.
Smith put in some good work for
the Atlanta club during his trip, cl's~
ing the deal for out1ieIder Tommy
Long and he expects to hear from
Grifffth that waivers have been Sc
cured on pitcher Paul Musser, the
big highlander, who only needs II
little seasoning TO make big leagl
timber. Another outfielder also VIII
be turned over by WASH ngton 90 At
ssssts xsR no. sss4 s4ss&Ae ia 9ss> a. lcogkyp&
good fnan Gt1ififh 'has eight out
felderS and has To unload, SO he
readily agreed to favor his bosom
friend by turning over two of them
to him
smith saw Buck Becker, the south
paw, while In Washington and was
sa impressed with his line OF talk mat
he decided not - ask Griffith ter
Southpaw Joe Boehilng. whom. ne
originally intended to corral. Becker
told Bir that he is In splendid sh ape
and exnects q good year and rs a;tN-
ions to make swell showing in At
1anta next season. He likes atlanta
and wants TO help the new cracker
manager give the fans here WAN
ming tee m
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1913-01-17
Anthony Wilding,
Lawn Tennis King.
to Visit America

NEW YORK. Jan. Ie.--Anthony r.
Wilding, the famous Australian lawn
tennis player. who for three years
has held the aIl-England champions
ship, is planning to return to the
game This news was received from
London yesterday and is welcomed
by KaHi Behr, Frederick B. Alexan-
der and others who have competed
against Wilding who is regarded AZ
a pioneer in the development or
many ef the finer points Of lawn ten
MS and in the framing of its rules.
1t was following his victory in the
all England champ onship at Wim-
bledon last July. In which he defeat
ed Arthur W. core ny a score OF 60.
60, As, CA, that Wilding announced
mis- retirement from tournament play.
A partial reason for this was that his
business affairs were occupying a
great portion of his time, and he had
strongly advocated to the English
Lawn Tennis association a rule re-
curing the champion TO play through
the tournament
For several years Wilding, by ar
gument and illustration. has endeav-
ored to bring the English around to
the viewpoint where they could see
match was so much in favor of the
defending champion as to almost
make it impossible for his opponent,
after coming through a hard fought
tournament, to win. lding's argu-
ments We're largely responsible for
the play-throueh rule with regard TO,
the national championship at New
port. which was acted w on a year
ago by the United States National
Lawn Tennis association.
The fact that the British isles
team has returned the Davis inter-
national cup to Great Britain. by de-
feating the Australians furnishes the
inspiration under which Wilding Ia
10 make his re-entry into the game.
He hopes 70 defend his title at VIM
bledon this year, and. invited by
his association. represent his coun-
try IN the Davis cup preliminary
round, II is quite possible that IN
the Davis cup matches this year
Wilding and his former partner.
Norman Z. Brookes. may NOT play
together. Two teams may enter from
the antlpodes, one from Australia and
the other from New Zeat=nd.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1913-01-17

my, but would hate to umpire
game back Of Walter johnson. IS a
statement that is mace 10y the fans ia
the different umpIres hundred times
every year. His terrific speed and fast
breaking curve oYerwhelmS The aver
age fan and makes ham feel as + il
would lie worth his life 10 don tie
mask and protector Of the umpire Ask
any American league umpire ABOUT
Walter Johnson, and he VIII tell X4a
that there is no pitcher Ia the league
he would rather work behind. lie Mil
tell you that he would rather work
a dozen games with Johnson pitching
than one contest in which young pitch
ers took part Possibly he ~ ht add
that the only disagreeahle feature of
umpiring with Johnson pitchiuE IS the
occasional sJoppin~ Of a foul 1ip.
There are many reasons Why SO
wonderful pitcher as johnson is easy
TO work behind Usually his eantr8} -
we'll nigh perfect, which lessons TIE
task of the umpire. only whom ne is
a bit wild he is a hard man 20 catch
ard incidentally hard 70 umpire be-
,hind lie has so much s}u~ an The
ball he isn't constantly working the
corners. thereby nakiH4 the calling II
balls and strikes "a less Rr8uppe iuG.
Rest or a.L he has an ideal disHnst-
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1913-01-17

NEW YORK, gan. i6.--At meeting
Of the A. A A, contest board the au-
tpmONc Disqualification Of TEDDY Tetz-
ian. az los An4eies, 1or driving eNnl-
hitlons Al an Hnsauctioned race meet
ltlg.o S4&$.S ,s& 49, srsF3ssS> 5}rk c~r
N.asa, fA>fsss sSa4i 81 s Es.t5sirely HxSa
20 expire On Aaay -, t9i5.
Fl, h.. Hea ietl OF Los Angeles, man.
aser Of Telzlaf. and on nor u the nat
ear. Grlyen by hi.u at such INSANE
Iohed meutIas, WSs rendered ineligible
fry participation IN any event sane
toned ~ be a. 4. a. far a Ike period,
The application Ior reinstatement -
good standing of tbe SlaFcr Carriage
company, at Chicago, manufacturers of
>taYer-t h.eaeo tars, ho were On Oc-
tober 2ist last, disqualified and sus-
pended 10 June /, 1913, for violation Of
rule rs of tie contest rales IN adTer-
Using the performance Of the StaVer~
chicago ears % hich participated in he
Around AXE Michigan tour con-
Irctcd as q grade III non stock run,
as teng the performance Of stock
cars" was considered and denied
Frank e. Halnlin, Of los Angeles, en-
tFapt and diieer uf The / rankin car
IS hich wen the 1912 Los Angeles 80
Phoebiz Desert Road race, was dis
qualified and suspended until April l,
1919. for violation or rule - in adSer-
Using he inning Franklin SIS "a regu-
lar stock car" vhen the race in ques-
tlun was conducted as non stock.
free f0r~uli event.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1913-01-17
Davy Jones Will
Join White Sox

CHICAGO, I'LL. Jan. 16.-This WAS
a busy day in baseball, The national
commission met toda 7 and reelected
officers. The White Sox PURCHASED
Davy Jones from Detroit and made
some more spring dates. and the Cubs
signed three players and secured an
other by trade. Mordecsi Brown
signed his contract with Cincinnati.
And there was no denial of the re-
port that Billy Locke had purchased
the Philiies.
The meeting Of the commission
took place In the Office OF PRESIDENT
Ban Johnson. Because of the Illness:
of John Farrell. president OF the Ma
tionaI Association of Minor Leagues.
most OF the cases concerning ball
PLAYERS were laid on the table. Garry
Hermann was reelected chairmanE
Of the coInmissi and John Il. Bruce
secretary, The reports or these TIVE
officers were approved. ChairmaU|
Hermann urged that in future fiI
post season series be governed by the
commission. and pointed to the fAii-s
ure of the Philadelphia games lan&E
fall as an example OF inaeHandeneE
engagements. VI
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1913-01-17
ieiider Jones Has
an Umpire School

NEW YORK. Jan. l6.--A training
season for the umpires has been
seriously talked Of for several seasons
by baseball wise men all over the
country, but as yet nothing has been
done TO insure the move.
Fielder Jones. OF the Northwestern
league, has decided to inaugurate q
plan OF action this spring. however.
by starting a school for his umpires
before the opening of the playing
schedule The men on the Northwest
ern league stan will meet with the
head of she league in "a series of
ssssSl tn .srstdy tifs fine p6ls1rs' 81 tns
game and satisfy the president that
they are capable of handling the
game on the field,
1ones expects to so into black board
talks on the rules and will have all
the indicator handlers ready for the
first game. The regular annual batch
managers will also be taught to the
umpires In order to keep the games
free from conflict and incidentally to
allow the umpire. players and man
ayers to know and understand their
rights and positions on the field of
play.
President Jones Is swamped by ap-
plications for places on his staff. but
does not expect to name his UNI
pires for at least another month.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1913-01-17
Ray and Vardon
May Cross Ocean

NEW YORK Jan. 16.-There is 4
possibility Of the dates for the ma
tional open golf championship being
changed from June 4th and 5th to
some time in August in order to bring
about the appearance Of not only
Jack McDermott. the present title
holder. bat Of Harry Vardon, five
times Britain's open Champion; Ed
ward Ray the present champion, and
possibly George Duncan
Robert c. Watson, the new presf-
dent Of the United States Golf assoc
citation. received cable message yes
terday from London, which read as
follows:
III open championship is played
August or later Nardon and Ray will
play. Cable answer.
Averdom."
Watson was III able To ascertain
who ".Ayerdom" was. go he wrote to
Vardon and Ray requesting verifca-
tion. at the same time sending LETT
ters 30 the executive committee OF
the I. 6, g. A. asking their pleasure
in the matter. He communicated with
Herbert Jaques. president OF tho
Country club Of Brookline where the
open is To be held apprising him OF
the facts in the matter and asking
what action the club would take k
q change were requested.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1913-01-17
I en- Thousand Up
on Racquet Match

PHILADELPHIA, Jan. ia rae
uuet match for $4,000 a side and the
championship of the world between
Charles Williams, of England. the
present champion, and Jock Soutar,
of the Philadelphia Racquet club, is
to be PLAYED in the aear futile. this
having been made possible by the
members II the Philadelphia Racquet
club, who have subscribed the side
bet for Soutar.
The match probably will be home
and home affair, one half being ay-
ed in England and the ither '.alf in
this city. Negotiations are pending as
to the location Of the first hiatt Of .he
match, and ii IL IL played m Etgland
the members Of the .ocal hub have
subscribed an additional 5000 Tor
Soutar's expenses
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1913-01-17

Especial to The Richmond yirgtnlap}
LEXINGTON. VA. Jan. l6.~New
eligibility rules for Washington ana
Lee university were yesterday adopted
a joint conference q the faculty
committee on athletics, ana the rules
committee of the athletic council.
This step IS taken by Washington
and Lee as the outcome Of masan3er-
standing last year with the Virginia
Polytechnic institute when q question
arose as TO the eligibility OK certain
men on the Washington and Lee team
" hen a football game was played Nu1
the y +. L. These differences have
been smoothed over ana II football
game between the two institutions has
been scheduled Tor next season, To take
place November /, 1918
Following are the rules in full as
stfoiaecr .','s' ~. '"s<>''s a'"'-s
/. Players shfai be BONA hde' stes3frlta
taking at least twelve tt&D hours af
class WORK per week In the academic
college or in the schools of engineering
or commerce: or nine . ca hours OF
class work per week IN the school of
law.
2. No student shall play on the foot
ball team ~ any year unless he has
begun his college work not later th,
October 5th. except in case of an 6ld
student who is delayed by Illness or
Other providentgI cause: or on The
baseball, track err basketball team un-
less he has begun his college work
not later than January 18TH.
g A player who has won varsity
insignia in a branch of intercollegiate
sport for four CAD years shall he de-
iarred from further participation AS
a member Of the varsity team in that
particular branch Of sport The win
ninr Of varsity insignia MS a repre-
sentative on varsity team OF amy
collegiate institution requiring min
imum Of twelve GSl units for en-
trance shall be included in determin-
ing this four Year status
4 A PLAYER shall be declared inellei-
hle If he Is, or has been, member 81
a baseball team under national protcc-
tion or under the nrttection- cf tan- 0tt-
la,y league $50 calledl
r. playee shalt he declared irelisi-
BILE if ne has received Is now re-
ceiViru, p. is promised DIRECTLY ar in
directly 6upu ~ial reenuneratior for s@r-
vices rendered either as player, train
or ., athletic instructor en- any col
,e~o team
q. A YlaNei who is declared profess
sional in enc trercta ~ aihir@ica sha 4
lie considered ineligible IN all branches
of athletics.
Nc.e--These rules shall no into effect
on Tuesday, January 14th. and shah
sc vern the eligibility of all players on
Washington and Lee athletic teams ip
Nall
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1913-01-17
Bowling

Tonight the local boys wt@ roll the
-fer1-t7iyy --4.f,isl -sf,s+.ss,- ,, series 81
three games In duckptns, The series
will he rolled by telegraph, Last Fri
day night the local boys defeated TIE
Roanoke lads by nine pins in the
three games.
The local boys are expected 10
put up better scores this series than
the last series, although both sides
put up remarkable scores last Friday
night.
me Roanoke hiII-sliders are in the
very best q; form at the duckpin
game.
I'D. Geison in the last series. for
Roanoke. made spare in the ninth
frame and nine pins on the spare in
the tenth frame. He had almost 4
dead shot for the one pin spare, when
he fell and slipped over the foul line.
II was hard luck for I'D, and also
for his team,
Large ,saeres.- sRsv-4 exP@@tets'~ SEtsssa
Frank Seifert. tonight az he IN TN the
best of practice. The lineup:
Roanoke--Siefer, Siegler, Geison,
Dyer. Watson or Young
Richmond--~C, II. Cosby. j. Ander-
son. Rowsey, c. l.. Cosby, Tucker or
Richardson.
Palace Duckpin League.
The Journal and News Leader
teams battle with each other tonight
in the Palace Duckpin league.
The journal team now leads the
league with sos per cent, and IL is
expected that the News Leader boys
will pull them down a notch or two.
Go after them. RieA,'
c. L. Cosby rolled five nice strings
in ducks yesterday afternoon--t1s,
T2l. los, 11s, and 1874. Total, SIS.
Average 12S.a. Cosby rolled 104 pins
in Ave boxes in his last game, which
is going some In duckpins.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1913-01-17

FHEUERlDN9EURG. Jan IT,
The stcckholdars Of the National bank
ri FCederi~l,snUf5 have elected the
foIlowin2 officers. Judge A. w Wal
lace, president; l. Lewis Wallace,
v ce-prcsident; A. Tay'or, cashier.
Fugh u, Scott assistant cashier,
George ~ Scctt. teller.
The fol owing have been elected for
the Commercial state bank; ! w.
Snmerville. president; r.. ], Ncrsnah
vice president q. n. Wallace, vice.
president. George w. Shepherc,
cashier: WE Mayo Smith, assistant
cashier,
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1913-01-17

CHICAGO, Jan 49, Ed RaulhacN.
Chicago Cub pitcher. called on iTeAIs
dent Murphy today and after i sffcr<s
conference signed contract for thin
season. Reulbach received an irsS
crease in salary. The ssus, pitcheF
has been in Chicago this wlnter sell~j
ing automobiles. In addition to xfxIt~
ing Reuihach, President Murphy aIrG
received the signed contracts MI
Eddie Mcdonald and Tnfseldar CrAfG
Mcdonald was obtained from o.
Sacramento team In exchanges E4(E
Tom Downey. He played with -
Roston club early last season AG~95
Donald lives In Albany, ". 4.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1913-01-17
Murphy Writes Hen BE Back.

PHILADELPHIA, Jan. 16,-Mlke
Murphy has written to Manager VIII
liam West Frazier. Jr.. OF the Penn
track team, that II his health con
tinues To improve at Thomasviile. Ga,
as it has In the last few weeks. he
surely will be back at the university
In time for the relays IN March The
veteran trainer says that the weather
in the South is ideal and that the
long walks he Is taking daily are in
creasing his strength constantly.