davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1913-04-30
FRANCE LEADS IN THE
NUMBER OF AVfAToRS

Paris, April 29.-There are 2.490 GER
tilted aviators In the world. according
to the annual bulletin of the Inter-
national AeronauticaI Association.
OF these the United States possess
19S. France s6S, Great Britain 37e, Ger
many -. Holland rs, Argentina f5.
spain Is, sweden 10. Denmark S.
Hungary :. Norway 5. and Egypt 1.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1913-04-30
POLICE CHARGED
GRAVE OFFENSES
Four Inspectors of New York Force
Are on Trial Charged With OBJ
struction of Justice.
BY ASSOCIATED PRESS.

New York, Apri! 29.-Four high po-
lice officials were placed on trial to-
day accused of conspiring for the per-
version and obstruction of justice. The
defendants are: Dennis Sweeney, Jas.
z. Hussey, Jas. f. Thompson and Jno.
J. Murtha, all former inspectors. The
first day of the trial was taken up
IL. the selection of a jury.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1913-04-30
Four Firms Were Repre-
sented at Meeting Last
Night
NONE OF THEM CAME
WITHIN MINIMUM

Several Matters of More or
Less Import Were Taken
up for Consideration-To
Pay Architect Johnson
$3.50 in Full for Services.
Executive Session Was
Held-Adjourned at Late
Hour.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1913-04-30
LARGE NUMBER
CONTRIBUTEOTO
NINE. HOUSTON
Police Receive Many Com
plants from Those Who
Donated.
NEAT SUMS GIVEN
FORTUNE TELLER

Those Duped Refuse to Give
Their Names, But Enquire
Anxiously for the Where
abouts of Nine. Houston,
Hoping yet to Receive
the Information for which
they Paid well and Anx-
ously Awaited.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1913-04-30
ALIEN LANDLAW
CAUSES WORRY
IN washington
President Wilson Discusses
the Matter at Length
With His Cabinet.
BRYAN REMAINS
IN SACRAMENTO

Holds Several Secret Con-
ferences with the Legisla-
ture and Governor-A
new Bill is Presented,
Which Onlits Many of the
Objectionable Features
Measure may be SatisfacA
tory.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1913-04-30
GUARDS
ON ND|KESABOvE
new ORLEANS
Levees will be Patrolled by
Forces of Men Both
Night and Day.
|LEVEES IN THE CITY
ARE FOUND STRONG

Several Weak Spots Have
Been Found However,
Just North of the Cres-
cent City and These will
be WatchedReturn of
Flood Waters to River
will Cause Additional
Rise.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1913-04-30

Continued on Page Eight.o
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1913-04-30
PENsAcoLA's RAILROADS.

a new railroad Is now operating trains
into the Deep Water City. third road
Is laying rails. a fourth road Is being
graded. You can't make q mistake BY
Investing In Pensacola.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-12-07

and. most amazing of all. in beautiful
country places, where apparently, as
friend from the crossroads says, people
die of nothing else.
Mankind is still building houses to shut
out health to shut out the fresh air and
the sunlight Even in the country places
they grow afraid of clean air, but un-
afraid of bad air Even where the ticlled
earth laughs with vegetation good for
food few know the virtues of protein or
where to find it. And where the cities
deepen the tint of the SKY with dust and
SCOT and the reek of millions of feet and
wheels, many buildings are constructed
SO that no sunlight can cleanse them
no really clean air refresh them or their
gasping, anaemic inmates 1t is the city
that has not grown normal, is still feeling
its way towards the true norm, or law, of
its being. In the meanwhile those who
ought to rest have to step out and work
and presently die in the effort to make
q living; those who ought 70 be restrained
60 loose, spreading the disease that
blights them, those who should be fed
we'll live on meagre scraps. those who
most need air and pure sunlight are
cooped together, where the streets are
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-12-07
Sugar From Sawdust

In the course of paper read before n !,
London Royal Society of Arts, A. Zirss
merman described a process by which
sugar might be manufactured from saw
dust. says Tit-Bits
In It's natural state, he pointed ont
wood sontains no sugar. but when saw
dust has been subjected in closed retorts
to digestion with weak sulphurous acid
solution under pressure of six to seven
atmospheres, very remarkable trans
mutation takes place, as much as 25 per
cent of tine material being converted into
sugar. In this Mr. Zimmerman claims
that we have a valuable feeding stuff
Tor horses, cattle and sheep.
Draught horses in whose daily ration
four pounds of "cacchulose molasses"
were substituted for four pounds of oats
were all found to have increased in
weight while a colt which was in SO
weak condition that veterinary sur
geons advised its destruction put on 26l
pounds in six months. and is now in ex.
cellent condition.
The food has also been tried in a large
Durham colliery, with the result that it
Kept the pit ponies and horses in good
and hard condition. Many other uses.
1t was suggested, would be found for
this converted wood-for example in thu
manufacture of explosives, of margarine a.
of synthetic rubber, and, in virtue of fta
characteristics as a non-conductor OF
heat. as packing for refrigerators. incu>
bators, ice chambers and so on.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-12-07

all the lockers. The boys in the electrical
department look after the lights and the
wiring. The boys who are learning
plumbing look after everything in that
branch. These departments cost the city
of Gary nothing. The work the boys do
In maintaining the school repairs. in maxi
ing furniture and equipment not only
pays for the departments. but pays the
salaries of the teachers of these depart
ments.
Saturday is supposed to be a school
holiday but half of the school children
OF Gary go to school ON Saturday from
choice In other cities there is a school
vacation Of about three months in sum
mer. There is not in >Gary. The children
lind school pleasant in summer and they
go there. The schools of Gary are not
used In the daytime alone, but in the
night. On certain evenings each week
some of the big halls of the schools are
open FOR dancing. In each school there Is
a theatre where plays are given and lee
lures held. The school gymnasium ana
swimming pools are used by men and
women In the night time In this way the
fathers and mothers are drawn as close
TO the school almost as the children
Around each school there Is a play-
ground nearly five acres In extent
1t is a wonderful monument that Will
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-12-07
In Time of Peace

Announcement is made in Washington
that the war plans of the army ord
nance department are completed and that
for the first time In the history of tha
country Uncle Sam is in readiness AZ
moments notice, to arm and euuip 500 =
600 men to send into the field in event
OF war with first-class power" The
preparations include arrangements for
held supply depots equipped with tools.
ordnance stores and supplies estimated as
sufficient for maintenance during six
months. The preparations extend even
to such details as kilograms. letters and
various orders that merely would have
to be dated and signed to set the ma
ehinery of equipment into motion. So far
as materials go we are in readiness to
go into struggle says the St Paul Pio-
neer Press.
The announcement should be comforting
to those who disposed to belttle our
military machinery and to imagine that
we are marking time while possible rivals
are getting ready to infiict disaster upon
us. We are not looking for trouble and
are hoping that il will not come But
we are not trusting to luck simply be-
cause we do not try to outnumber the
other powers in regard to standing armies
We have a formidable beginning on a
| fighting force of half million. No one
Tears that there would be shortage OF
| men in case of need. but patriotism could
not supply guns and ammunition on short
notice and we have laid by the equipment
required for war. No nation that might
be disposed to clash with us will max,
the mistake Of believing we would moi
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-12-07
CONCERNING TUBERCULOSIS-By George Eaves D. D.

that love him and have wit and money
But the question still looms, un-
expressed as yet. untouched by any
answer: Why should the poison go on
distributing itself and creating this
universal battle for life against the
bacillus of community disease? Why
not prevent all this? Not to prevent
it costs a life and death struggle for
millions of people. If 100000 die of
1t, not less than 90 times as many
are dangerously sick of 1t. Why should
they be forced into such a battle, eN-
hausting to family resources and ling
ering death to others while they sever
their beloved sick?
1t is not cure we must look for, but
a social regeneration. a getting God
into our social order, a greater con-
Germ for homes than for buildings.
more earnest caro- of the citizens we
have than lusting for thousands
more that we may exploit for higher
advantage
A negro physician asked me the 9TH
er day, himself a student of the causes
and relief of tuberculosis, whether
white men would get we'll of it any
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-12-07

natural incentive is given to the young
to learn to do the work their elders are
doing. Every branch of study known to
the regular school system is covered.
Nothing is neglected.
The system of rotating classes not only
gives a chance to the children to stretch
and give vent to their animal spirits, but
it has been made pliable enough to pre-
vent any one child or group of children
from holding back a class. If a child is
efficient in grammar and deficient IN
arithmetic, he simply puts in more hours
at arithmetic and fewer at grammar.
The terms are divided into three-month
periods, so that no pupil has to wait six
months or year for promotion or demo
tion. If a child is physically deficient he
gets more hours on the Fairgrounds and
in physical culture, which department is
under a specialist of the highest rank.
No child stays out of school on account
of ill-health unless the maady is serious.
Children go to the Gary schools to get
well.
Physical examinations are made regu-
larly.
The learning by doing is accomplished
in this manner: In the primary grade a
child is taught to count by games. In
the class rooms there are quoits and
stakes and devices similar to bagatelle
tables, all of which involve scores in SIM
pie addition, substraction and simple frac-
tions Reading, spelling and elementary
geography are taught by means of games
similar to dominoes, where the children
build up words, sentences and maps BY
means of large blocks. These also involve
scores SO there is a correlation between
studies The child learns to count with
his reading lesson and learns to read
with his elementary geography lesson.
The higher branches of arithmetic in
classes of older pupils are taught by prac-
| teal examples. In the class room are
scales and measuring devices where beans
and other household commodities arc
weighed and measured out These classes
go out into the Fairgrounds and measure
off building lots, stake out imaginary
buildings. measure up cement walks
roadways and fences, and figure costs In
labor and material
| This correlation of studies Is carried
through the entire system. History, for
instance, is combined with geography. In
studying the geography of England its
commercial. social and political history
is considered at the same time.
| In the high school manual training de.
partment all the work done is an object
of actual use.
This department is not high kindergar.
ten ss 3. the conventional school sys
/ TENS. The girls, for instance, prepar.
all the food for the noon lunches ant
those who prepare and serve the foot
| receive a portion of the profit derive,
from the lunches as payment for theil
| services.
The sewing classes work on definite oh
| jects for home use-everything from max
ing a kitchen apron up to a party gown
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-12-07

ftial ceremonies were over, the procession
again took up the line of march for
the village of Montgomery, Lafayette
now being taken in the carriage of Gov
ernor Pickens \ band of music attend
ed on the procession, the notes of which
were mingled with the aeelamations of
the multitude, the volume of sound in
creasing as Montgomery was approach
ed, as fresh accessions We're made to the
procession. Every object that could
create noise and din was brought into
use. among which were the detonations
of powder. which in the absence of guns
was confined in such way as to cause
a loud explosion and bells of every size
were rung, the people seeming determin-
ed to make up in noise the deficiency OF
population, for at that time, Montgomery
was nothing more than a small town.
Once in the town. the most sumptuous
quarters possible were placed at the dis
posal of Lafayette and his party, and
though he was fatigued, the people press
ed In to greet him. Lafayette and the
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-12-07

children could get at them and where
would they be more accessible to children
than in or about the schools? He has
made them part of the school system of
Gary.
There is a jefferson school, an Emer-
son school and a Frobel school in Gary.
In each of these schools the pupils range
from years old to 20 and there are
classes from the kindergarten stage tc
the college. The teachers are specialists
in their particular lines. In the technical
departments each of the teachers is
union labor man, who is master crafts
man. These men teach plumbing, cab
met making, tool making, house painting
tinsmithing, carpentry, wal papering and
lots of other things Their method of
teaching is radically different from the
established lines. For the girls there
are classes in sewing, millinery, music,
house decoration, washing, ironing, dish
washing, cooking, dEessmaking, type
writing, stenography. library work. etc.
There are no desks in the schools of
Gary. Each child has a locker where he
or she keeps his or her belongings Very
few textbooks are used. TIE pupil learns
by doing thing, more than by reading
about it or having a fact drilled into him,
until his head aches and his brain Is In
whirl. There is no sing song answering
of stereotyped questions. There is none
of the recitation exercises that makes
nervous child dread the school room The
classes rotate around the school. In this
respect Mr. Writ has departed radically
from the time-worn custom of the grade
room in which a child was confined to
one room throughout the term and re-
cited all his or her lessons to the one
teacher
Play and study are SO distributed that
the pupil is kept engaged and Interested
all day long. The Fairgrounds, the class
rooms and the manual training rooms are
in active use from morning until night
When one part of the school has finished
its class room studies, the other half
has finished its playground or manual
training work. The groups simply change
places. After an hour in the class room
the boy plays baseball, tennis. football or
any game he wishes, or goes swimming
1t is the same with the girl There is
basketball, tennis a wonderful swim.
ming pool and a multitude of other Joys
for her.
At every turn the child learns some
thing. In many of the games they play
the younger children are taught arith-
metic or spelling. They even learn things
while moving about the building. For ex-
ample: The chemical laboratory used by
the advanced class in the high school
course Is next to one of the primary
grade rooms. There is glass door
through which the small pupils in passing
can see the others at work and get an
insight into what chemistry means and .
desire to study it.
The same idea is carried through every
department. There is a clear. full length
view given into every class room. Every
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-12-07

| The parents soon see the economic advan-
tage of this and provide their children
with the necessary material, for all is done
under an expert and nothing is wasted.
All the school furniture for all the
schools of Gary is made in the high
school manual training departments by
students.
Ten thousand dollars worth of furniture
was made by the boys of Emerson school
for F'roebel school,
The man in charge of the regular heat
ing and ventilating apparatus of each
school building is also at the head of the
class of this department and this serves
as a fair example of how everything
works twice and sometimes three or four
times in the Gary schools, for the heating
and ventlating apparatus not only heats
and ventiates the building, but serves
an object lesson in teaching.
All work about the school is done by the
pupils. Recently the boys painted one
of the schools, putting up all the scaffold-
ing, swings, etc, and doing a really good
job of the painting, too. Each school gets
up it's own printed matter as far as pos
sible. There is a cost keeping system in
the printing department as in all depart
ments, and this serves as an object les
son in the commercial high school course.
0nd all bookkeeping and stenography is
done by pupils in these branches, In
charge of an expert.
They have bank in each of the Gary
schools. which is a branch of the down
town institution, where money is received,
passbooks issued, posted and balanced,
and interest accounted and paid on bal
ances.
The correlation of studies is more
clearly illustrated in the manual training
courses. For instance, each girl is com
| PEELED to compose a recipe and chemical
formula of the food she is preparing The
English and spelling of this is corrected
so that fundamental chemistry is not only
carried into this study, but the three r IS
as well,
| AS the pupils advance in school years
the play time is reduced and the manual
training time increased.
| The person who visits one OF these Gary
schools is impressed by the fact that all
the pupils are alive, alert and deeply In
terested in what they are doing There
are no droning voices, chins resting on
hands, or sprawling over desks.
| All the pupils seem busily engaged
| They are so interested that they do not
look up when visitors enter the class
rooms There is total absence of tho
usual school room smell
| On an average there are % different
| nationalities represented in the schools
and the pupils are from all walks of life
| They are all alike. They all go under &
| shower or into the swimming tank al
| least twice a week
Every bit of repair work around the
! schools is done by the boys. The boys
who are learning tinsmithing have mads
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-12-07

less crowd. losing its soul in an attempt
to save and magnify its life. But more
than that, we should easily fall into the
disastrous mistake of supposing that the
struggle against tuberculosis could be
relegated to the region of what we call
a charity" Poor unfortunate devils.
these victims of tuberculosis! But while
we say it the real devil points red-hot
finger at us and quotes Caesar, '"fu
quoque.' The little iointed bacilli are
on our tongues. Our lungs show the
scars 1t may be that even now. little as
we guess it. our breath, our lips, are
loaded with poison-breeding seed.
Why do not more men die of 1t?
Because they are generally well en-
vironcd; because sunlight heals, and
they get sunlight; because food
strengthens, and they get plenty to
east; because exhausting toll may be
replaced by rest, anG they get back
to wholesome and rcstful conditions.
Besides all this. s.sthere is the enormous
ly recuperative force in men, larger in
some races than in others: there Is
such a thing as immunization by prior
infection, and there are gracious In
fluences that help a man through those
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-12-07

Suppose Napoleon had killed poor puss.
he would have had to kill her eight more
times before she would have passed the
possibility of resusitation. for cat has
nine lives, we are told. Mercutio, in
Romeo and Juliet" seems to have be
lieved this curious tradition. For, when
he and Tybalt are about to fight, Tybalt
asks, what wouldst thou have with
me?" To which Mercutio makes answer:
Good king of cats nothing but one of
your nine lives" l suppose this old con
ceit, that a cat has nine lives, arose from
the cats ability always to land on her
feet. and her well known tenacity of life.
As one looks over a field of growing
herewith, suppose, unless he be scien-
tifically inclined. Yet, so great a natural
ist as Darwin saw a justification of the
existence of the cat in a wide expanse
of blossoming clover. As n destroyer of
field mice Darwin thinks the cat is of
great economic value. The more field
mice there are the fewer the pollen carry
ing bees; for the mice destroy the bees,
their nests and the comb. Bees convey
the fertilizing substance from one clover
bloom to another, and the clover is de-
pendent upon this process for the perfec-
ton of the crop. IL there were no bees
to convey this pollen the clover could
never reach its full design. If field mice
were left undisturbed the bee would
cease to exist. But the cat is the sworn
enemy of the field mouse, and by captul-
ing the dispoiler of the bee the cat must
have the credit for the clover crop. And
when cattle and horses enjoy this form
of forage their gratitude should extend to
Miss Puss.
The cat seems to be associated with
more comparisons proverbs and sayings
than any other animal. An old book re-
cords that Titus Oats was scourged, in
the reign of lanes IT with cat no
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-12-07

a fine carriage drawn by four beautiful
grays, and attended by the uniformed
state soldiery and the Indians, who pro-
posed to see him safely through their own
territory. So complete were the arrange
ments made by Governor Piekens that at
proper intervals along the dreary and
monotonous way, there were the amplest
provisions made for refreshments of
food, shelter and rest.
At Line creek, twenty miles from the
village of Montgomery, the limit of the
territory of the Indians was reached
and here they took formal leave of La
Fayette. Their chief. the Little Prince,
made a stirring speech to Lafayette
in his native tongue, not word of which
did Lafayette understand, and guided
solely by the gesticulation and facial ex-
preston of the chief, the old patriot re-
piled in English, not word of which
did the Indians comprehend With much
ceremony they shoc@< hands with La
Fayette, and quietly turned on their
march to their homes in the woods
At Line creek the ranks of the caval-
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-12-07

governor dined privately together and in
the evening attended together divine SER
vice.
Monday brought to Lafayette a busy
day. Citizens had come from every quar-
ter of the state to shake his hand, among
whom were some of the old veterans who
had served under him in the campaigns
of the Revolution. His eyes kindled az
the sight Of revolutionary soldier and
his greeting was always one of the most
ardent affection. He must need have a
brief of-hand chat with every old sol
der that came in to see him. A busy
day was followed by ball given in hon
or of the eminent soldier and patriot.
This lasted till Ii o'clock at night. when
a procession was formed to escort him
to the river landing, where three small
steamers We're in waiting to take the party
down the river to Cahaba-the Hender
son, Balize~and the Fanny
The next article will conclude the ac-
count of the notable visit of LaFayette
to Alabama.