davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-03-30

upon him the right to vote or. do any
thing else that other Americans may
do with the single exception of pecom
ing President
naturalizing foreigners had no 'eierai
supervision. Any court an,u here
might issue citizenship papers. This
system resulted in conditions that
the abuses was the miscell AT eous
handing out Of citizenship papers by
political bosses on election day.
President Roosevelt created division
of naturalization in the bureau Of inn
migration, and took supervis or of
this work into the hands of the etieral
government. Only federal AMI the
more important state courts are now
allowed to grant citizenship. and their
blanks must be secured from the di
vision Of naturalization, which has be-
come a bureau in the new department.
Every case must be reported o the
federal authorities. and in most
places the character of the appli can't
is looked into. by a special agent be
fore the papers are finally acted upon.
The immigrant must have showi him
self worthy before he is given his
papers
Richard *. Campbell. former Jaw officer
for the bureau of immigration. he 5 been
in charge of the naturalization work
since it was first begun. and vi be
chief of the bureau under the new de-
partment.
The division of information in the bu-
reau of immigration is another im}o 'tant
work that is taken over by the new de-
partment and this, also. has to CO with
human beings. Its business is to gather
infolma ton as to where work is to be
had and to place this information il the
hands of the newly arriving imYni gr ants.
1t seeks to guide the immigrant into
the fields where there is the greatest
need for him and to prevent his oorlgre-
eating in the densely packed quarters of
the great cities Terence V. Po'rderiy.
an expert upon the immigrant and labor.
has long been head of this division.
And finally there is the children S bll-
reau newly created. This bureau came
into being but few months ago and is
but falling into the stride of its work.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-03-30

already been said. each succeeding occu-
pant found that the residence did not
exactly meet the requirements of either
his large or small family. as the case
happened TO be. and he did not hesitate
to ask that Congress supply the money
needed Ito reconstruct or refurnish it IN
accordance with his individual ideas.
Practically every President who has oc-
cupied the house has purchased new table
ware china silver and cut glass The bill Is
for these items alone often are stupen-
dous especially in the earlier history OF
he mansion before 1t had reached the state
of hattableness it has reached in re-
cent years.
The following is a copy of the itemized
bill for the plate for the Presidents table
which was purchased to replace that de-
atroyed hv the British in lS14
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-03-30

THAT spring has come needs. no.
the corroboration of the weathef
man or that Of the almanac. PROOF
lies best in the notes of the bluebird. the
robin and the house wren. Even the
sheptic must bow defeat before the ac-
tivi,ies OF the busy little house wren.
which is already looking over all the
available knotholes in trees ana FENCES
with an eve 10 setting up housekeeping.
Washingtonians. especially In the
sprinv are blessed beyond the vast ma
iorit> OF other jewellers in the city.
Washington. with her green parks, open
spaces and tree-lined avenues. holds
forth a warm and ready welcome 10 the
aocks of migrating birds. And so it is
that even the prosaic business man IS
not unfamiliar with the notes OF our
spring visitors. for with the park spac-
ing in front of Center market. that al
18th street and Pennsylvania avenue
not TO mention Franklin and La1ayette
parks. ample opportunity Is given Tor
host Of birds to find nesting places ana
there is ample proof that the BIRDS nave
not overlooked these sites. That little
green oasis In the midst OF the business
district at 18th street and pennsylvania
avenue is usually so crowded with Eng
lish sparrows that it has become Ia
miiar TO speak of the sparrow trees oil
the Avenue.
Apparently the birds come. nest In
convenient trees, rear their young and
depart with the coming Of fall But
behind all this there lies a deep science
science. however. which the bird
lover can solve to his benefit IL he is
so minded Its teachings are few and
easy to remember, and II followed will
bring hosts of feathered songsters
The two principal points are these
Plant flowers and shrubs attractive to
the birds. and keep the house cat from
the nests and birds
=
Nature is the same the world over
and applies with equal force TO human
beings and animals. Just as a Hash
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-03-30
WB WILSON, SECRETARY OF THE
New DEPARTMENT OFLABoR,
SHARRiS EWING

the fact that grave differences have
threatened almost constantly.
President Taft, last fall, reappointed
Commissioner Neill as head of the bureau
of labor. but the Senate refused to con-
firm him. President Wilson, recognizing
the place the commissioner had won for
himself in gaining the confidence of la
borer and employer, named him to head
the bureau of labor statistics after the
new department was created. So does
he maintain the same position as Of old
with relation to the settlement of strikes.
The new Secretary of Labor also has
certain powers under the new law as an
arbitrator.
The bureau Of second Importance i'm the
new department is that of imrnigratio
This bureau is also engaged exclusively
in the handling of and the study of hui
man beings. There are now about a mil
lion foreigners a year who ask for ad-
mission into the United States. These
people are gathered up from all parts
of the earth and their characteristics and
qualifications for American citizenship
are as diverse as are the peoples of all
the regions OF the world.
million foreigners come to Ameri
ca every year. The immigration serv
ice enforces the laws that Congress
mission. There are tests-physical.
mental and moral-that must be applied
to each immigrant before he is allowed
to land There are special agents that
watch immigrants ALREADY admitted
and have them deported IL their con-
duct is immoral or criminal. There
Is a division in the bureau of immi-
grafton the business of which is to
get employment for these newcomers,
and there is a bureau in the new de-
partment that has to do with their
naturaliZa ton.
The bureau of naturalization again is
engaged in the business of looking out
for human beings. It's business is to
convert the immigrant who has been
in the country a sufficiently long time
into a full-hedged American citizen.
This it does by extending to him his
citizenship papers, thereby comforting
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-03-30

ments. Likewise was it the smallest. Inc
Department of the Interior or the Treas
ury handled twenty times the amount OF
the governments affairs that the Depart
ment of Commerce and Labor did. But
this, the weakest of all the departments.
has now been cut in two, and there are
two men in the Presidents cabinet rep
resenting its work while those other agen-
cies. twenty times as big. still have but
one man.
The Department of Commerce and La
Dor was a hodgepodge of bureaus with
no possible connection. and that would
fit into no place else and were. therefore.
given to the new member 1t handled
immigrants and fisheries, the census and
steamboat inspection. corporations and
the geodetic survey, labor and light
houses. commerce and children. naviga-
ton and naturalization
With the exception of the census these
were all small bureaus. as government
bureaus go. From them Congress picked
four that it placed in the new depart
ment. These were the bureau of labor.
of immigration. of naturalization and the
chiidrens bureau. The act provided for
a Secretary Of Labor an assistant secre-
tary. chief clerk and other such officers
as departments ordinarily have.
The bill was still ambling along near
the last of the session when it was finally
passed. There was but an hour to spare
when the President signed 1t. All the
appropriation bills had already passed.
SO there was nothing upon which could
be tackled an amendment that would pro-
vide funds for the salaries an expenses
of the new department.
President Wilson immediately appoint
ed as Secretary of Labor William b.
Wilson Of Pennsylvania. Secretary Will
son had been chairman of the House
committee on labor. He had begun life
as a mule boy in a Pennsylvania mine.
and had later become prominent in labor
circles and ever tually come to Congress.
He was appointed upon the Endorsement
of the American Federation of Labor.
Secretary Wilson assumed the duties
of his office March 6. despite q lack OF
funds He has withheld the appointment
of his subordinates until funds are avail
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-03-30

able. The special session of Congress is
expected to provide the money for the
actual beginning of the work of the new
department. In the meantime the work
of the bureaus of the new department
is being carried on upon the money that
was appropriated for them as bureaus of
the old department. Only the immediate
staff of the Secretary is without pay.
The new department really grew out
of the old bureau of labor. That bureau
is to continue as a part of the new de-
partment and is to be known as the bu
reau of labor statistics. 1t is bureau
that has back of 1t a long record of val
liable accomplishment and the manner in
which it has maintained a delicate posi-
ton as between labor and capital through
all the years Of its existence and never
come in for criticism may be considered
remarkable.
This bureau came into being in 1888 and
was then independent of any other de-
partment and was known as the Depart
ment of Labor, although it had no rep
the creation of the Department of Com
merce and Labor. it became part of
that department.
x
The purpose of this bureau was the
collection, and dissemination of informa-
ton upon questions vitality affecting Ia
Dor The last annual report of the bu-
reau, for instance, is upon the subject
of industrial education. This is a very
vital question just now and there is leg
isiation being written on the statute books
of all the states upon the subject. 1t
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-03-30

stuffed until ii will hold no more they
continue to eat until the crop or suliet
also is crammed 1t has often peen the
case in examining birds that When Inc
stomach was opened the contents were
two or three times as large as the stom-
ach when filled TO show the capacity OF
birds appetites the survey kept track Of
some of the stomach contents. Tree
swallow stomach was FOUND 10 contain
forty entire chnch bugs and fragments
OF MANY others. besides ten other species
of insects
A bank swallow devoured sixty EIGHT
cotton boil weevils. while thirty-hve Gin
swallows had taken an average OF eight.
pine siskns from California contained
1900 black olive scales and 300 plant
lice A killdeers stomach held 800 mos
quito larvae. A ficker's stomach held
stomach contained $40 grasshoppers. fiji
ty-two bugs three beetles. two wasps
and spider. A ring-necked pheasant $
crop contained 5000 seed Of chickWeed
and a dandelon head. while more than
72,OOO seeds have been found in single
duck stomach.
In practically all instances bird diets
include a certain percentage of vegetable
food as well as insects, with the result
that certain plants used to attract birds
whose main sustenance consists of in
sects may serve the added purpose OF
aiding in. keeping down harmful insects
10 other plants.
Berry-bearing shrubs. as a class, form
the greatest attraction to birds generally.
although hedges and thickets also serve
the same purpose. But there are two
other points made by experts of the sur
vey in connection with attracting birds.
One is placing a supply of suet in con-
venient places for birds, as many that
are not berry eaters such as woodpeck-
ers, nuthatchers, creepers and chickadees.
can many times be made winter residents
in this way. The other point is keeping
a supply of fresh water for birds. Ac-
cording to survey experts, birds often
have difficulty in finding favorable
place to locate and drinking troughs and
shallow pans in which the birds can
batfre constitute a strong point in at
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-03-30

and tho man and women who, as Hnnii-
~ra,,s como in great hordes to American
shores. The same department VIII take
over The recently created children's bu-
rom So do its activities extend TO an
inouiry into the physical and moral we'll
being of a great. mass of the people It's
sphere is not so wide as TO reach them
ali as vet. but the if..ention is to add to
the duties of the new department
This Department of Labor hss seat al
the council table of the President rms
gives il the distinction Of being regarded
as handling ono of the ten most important
pieces Of work that the federal govern
ment has 10 perform. Its Secretary mas
the same rank as the head of the De-
partment OF State. who moves his dlplo-
mats over the world as chess player
might shift his pawns Ike ranks with
the Secretary OF the Treasury, who col
lects and again pays out more than
billion dollars every year.
The Department of Agriculture, which
spends Sls.O0o,Coo year that the crops
of the nation may be improved. and the
Department of InteSAaS which administers
the affairs of landac9Ae1Rire. are but
associates of the Departmental Labor.
Those departments that fighr~~aSs or
maintain the standing of the nation be-
cause OF a readiness TO fight them take
no precedence over the new D~fSssttment
of Labor
The government would seem 10 have
studied all things else before il has taS<rl
up an investigation of the well being %
the men and women who compose 1t. 1T
has combed the world for information as
to the culture of crops. the Improvement
of livestock the mining of coal, the fight
ing OF battleships. the reclamation of arid
lands. Yet no federal agency has done
more than speculate upon the develop
ment of the child. the welfare of the
worker. the future of the American race.
The human being. most important of all.
has not been studied
The Congress that came to an end March
4. in burst of speed toward the end of
its course. created Department Of Labor.
II did this in an aimless sor. Of way. A
bill was introduced with the .f5Gocacy
of the labor interests. and nobody ap-
peared to oppose it, Ii drifted down the
legislative stream until il emerged as
law. While there was never any criticism
of the principle back OF II. there was an
obvious twisting out of proportion Of the
departmental arrangement in the manner
of its creation.
The Department of Commerce and La
Dor was the Youngest of all the depart
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-03-30

HE federal govern
ment has at Ia st
committed itself to
the stud.s...2f the
welfare OF rs own
citizens. 1t has es-
tablished an agency.
the Department OF
Labor. the business
of which is to look
into the weil-being
of the men and
women who work
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-03-30

OF brilliant color attracts the eye or
a human being. so 1t attracts birds.
and just as human beings have decided
tastes for certain foods, SO nave Difds.
The point is to ascertain which plants
attract certain birds. Proof OF the I'M
portance of this work lies in the fact that
the biological survey of the Department
of Agriculture has made an exhaustive
study of the subject. This is principally
for the reason that it has been proved
that birds are good friends to agriculture
EntOmologists have estimated the yearly
damage done to agriculture by insects as
about S70O,OOOO00, and it is stated upon
authority that were 1t not for the birds
the loss would be very much greater. IT
is even stated that We're 1t not for our
birds farming would be almost impossible.
Investigations made by the biological
survey have been along the line of ascer-
tanning what plants attract birds best
suited to aid the farmer. For instance.
some birds eat boil weeVils, the pest of the
cotton states of the country; others eat
weed seeds and SO rid the ground OF that
DESTROYING element But although the
aim Of the survey was of a serious nature
and dealt with the safety of the crops.
the data obtained apply TO song birds
as well. 1t Is for this reason that the
bird lover can attract song birds by US
ing practically the same means as would
the orchardist In endeavoring to protect
his fruit or the farmer to rid his farm of
weeds.
X <
In determining the usefulness of birds
from an agricultural standpoint the end
was obtained through the investigation of
bird stomachs. Nearly $4,000 stomachs
have been investigated by the experts of
the survey during the past twenty-five
years. This was found to be the only ac-
curate method of determining the food
Of birds. for the reason that field obser-
vations were of little value. A bird seen
in corn field: for instance, might not be
destroying the corn, but might have been
attracted by some plant that was entire
ly overlooked by the person watching
Another fact in favor of this method is
that hungry birds-and birds are always
hungry-are not content to fill their stOm-
achs alone, but after the stomach Is
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-03-30

THE First of the Branches
! of the Government With
Cabinet Rank That Makes
Human Beings the Object of
Its Studies-The Immigrant,
the Laborer, the Child, Are
Here Considered Instead Of
War, Finance, Lands or
Crops.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-03-30

-ANPAYERS of the country are
hardly aware of the fact that
since the official residence of
the Presidents of the United
States first built on the
site ii now occupies in Washington they
have contributed nearly 100000 in real
money toward its building. care. repair
and refurnishing at various times. Nor
does this large sum take into account
the added expense TO the country of
nearly sl,nOO,0O0 more, expended at va
rous times for "a variety of purposes. In
all the White House. which in the early
wears of its history was known as the
Presidents House. has cost the country
about ss.T0OG0.
When the extra session. OF Congress
oonyenes April il will have before il for
assage another appropriation bill for the
repair and upkeep 9f the White House.
Each year this same measure becomes a
Law, but this year, because new Presi-
dent has become the occupant OF. the
nations Executive Mansion there are to
be added TO il othe. sums which are de-
sired because the new occupant. who has
a larger family, desires that more rooms
be built in the attic, which in reality i
q third story.
This year the appropriation bills for
the White House will therefore include,
in addition 10 the early s,"oGt adj
ditional $:;3.-to. which vii toe used for
alterations 10 the third story. eXtraordi-
nary repairs and refurnisEing, new roofs
on the east and west terraces and the
construction OF water supply for the
grounds The bill was passed by the
House. but not by the Senate
Nearly every President who has become
a resident OF the White House since il
was first constructed has had II practi-
calIy refurnished or has added materially
10 the furnishings. This was not because
the furnishings were not adequate. but
bC cause OF the wear and tear. Then. too,
at various times in its history the fur
nishings have become obsolete IN the
view OF the various mlstresSes OF the
White House. and this has brought about
many alterations in the interior decora-
lions and furnishings
AS decade followed decade, IL is not 10
be wondered at that vast sums have been
expended upon the White House. The
nations eyes are constantly fixed upon IL
and here come thousands OF citizens year
ly making pilgrimages to the real seat
O. the natona! government. This horde
OF yearly visitors makes II impera tive
that certain of the rooms be completely
refurrished and redecorated almost every
year.
rhe trsi appropriation made by Con-
sress for the White House was included
in I, general appropriation of $4,000 for
the construction of public buildings at he
site or the new National Capital that was
called the city of Washington. and which
site had been selected by thA country
first President George Washington. Part
of the sum was 10 be used for the con-
struction and furnishing of an adequate
residence for the nations chief magss-
trate This appropriation was not made
until some time in 1895. although the site
for the future capital OF the country had
been selected as early as 1890.
!
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-03-30

Each succeeding appropriation that
Congress was asked to make for either
the refurnishing or improvement in the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-03-30

In addition to this many changes
We're made in the White House itself,
and many of the unsightly additions
and alterations that had been made
from time TO time Were removed and
the building. under the supervision of
able architects, was rebuilt in meas
ure according TO the original plans 8
designed under the supervision OF
George Washington
In spite of the vast sums that have
been spent the structure and its
furnishing there few historical
relics in the building. OF course there
are many portraits of former Presi-
dents and their consorts, painted by
celebrated artists, that are of extreme
historical interest. The most valuable
of these is the portrait of George
Washington. saved by Mrs. Madison
when the original White House was
burned. This is the only article in the
present White House that was in the
original building.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-03-30

Thus it viii be seen that through the
expenditures of large sums Of money
which the people through their repre-
sentatives in Congress made for the
maintenance of the White House each
succeeding President of the United
States has left the impress Of his per-
sonaiity and the personalities Of mem
bers Of his family on that historic
structure. Each has added something
permanent 10 the structure. although
il must not be forgotten that little
of the furniture that has been pur-
chased now remains part Of the Whit"
House fixtures. What has become OF
il no one seems TO know. Much of il
apparently has been sold from time t.
time. \ great deal of il has disappeared
through wear and tear. while the yards
and yards OF carpets and other cloth
ia brics had to be thrown away be
cause they We're no longer service
axle
The largest single appropriation
that has been made for the Whit.
House in recent years was made in
1908. when the structure. In 4 large
measure. had 20 be rebuilt and addi-
tions thereto made because the then
President. Theodore Roosevelt found
that the accommodations for the trans
action of business were entirely made
quate. To meet his views Congress
supplied for extraordinary repair and
refurnishing Of the White House s475-
40 Building for offices for the Presi-
dent. $50, 1876 in addition to the usual
yearly appropriation of $4,000 for the re-
pair. care and refurnishing of the White
House.
Prior 10 that time there really had
been no adequate place for the trans
action of the business OF the Presi-
dent His offices were in one of the
rooms III the main portion of the White
House itself, but this, the executive
business grew from year TO year was
entirely too small and therefore on
the recommendation of President
Roosevelt large executive offices were
built on the White House grounds 10
the west of the main structure and
connected Herewith by a terrace
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-03-30

This first sum set aside for the new
Presidents house was almost at once
demonstrated not TO be sufficient for the
purpose. and il was not many months be-
fore Congress WAS asked for further
sums with which TO complete the struc-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-03-30

Nature is the same the world over
and applies with equal force to human
beings and animals. Just as a flash