Newark post., 1913-04-09
Variety and Harmony in Landscaoe
BY PROFESSOR c. A. McCUE


|pXhlbll uIIltS III 10 S'ii'i "i B'"Ai,
,,at the different views presented to
|tbr eye must possess Il variety Of
Lntaij in order to keep alive the in-
|tn,,,t Of the spectator. Unity and
|varjrtv 90 together and are not OPP
|,ospd 10 each other, although either
aouId be much easier to obtain
|.ouId thc other be disregardcd. Va
E;pty belongs to the detail rather
than to the whole. 1t may be OBJ
Eainrd by varying the surface Of
Hhp ground; by arranging the trees
End shrubs in different ways; by
Ehr use OF water; by varying the
Eyalks and drives; and by so ar
bougiug the forms and coiors that
Ehr color effect is varied throughout
khc SuaS0nS.
In seeking to produce variety
through changes III the surface OF
he ground we find that our ground
knrfacr may be found i'll four
fonns. level, concave, sloping and
l,onyrN. OF these forms level is the
least desirable as an undulating
kurfacc suggests far more life, and
h th. same time the s1nse of repOse
(mav be- as great. Either i'll parks
| br grounds about residence Sc
Merely plane surfaces should be
kyoiIcd even if undulations have
So be made. (Plane surfaces may
' be- permitted on the very small vii
lace lot : but even here the sense of
'cyeIness should be done away with
By the judicious use of groups of
Shrubbery.) A plane surface
hould be broken by creating a
{omcwhat uniform slope, swell or
Repression. Hillocks or mounds
Ire not to be thought of. For a
mall place concave surface is u.s.
pally more desirable than a convex,
3or from any point i'll the concavity
he whole view can be seen, this
living it sense of breadth and
kxtent. In improving a ground
urface it requires much skill to do
he work so thoroughly that an ar
Efcial appearance is prevented. A
|oncavity poorly made becomes
hereby a hole in the ground or a
Sonvexity may appear to be mere
" a heap of dirt.
Sloping grounds admit of very
lrtistic treatment in that by the use
II trees and shrubs of different
heights and forms the surface may
(e made to seem to vary much
more than it really does. BY hav-
klg irregularities in the surface OF
he slope emphases of various sorts
bay be given. Sloping grounds
Sdmit of the use Of rocks to pro-
luce very fine effects. When rocks
re used there must always be a bit
II wildness present or the rocks
ill be entirely out Of place.
Trees and shrubs are good aids
variety. They should be so
lanted as to secure variety III form
|olor and texture of foliage. TO
now the cultivated species OF or.
amental plants and their varie-
les. and to know the possibilities
II each is the A b { of Landscape
gardening.
The various seasons add much to
aricty. All paintings should be
one with due regard to variations
nat come from month to month.
b spring our paintings should
iye us a variation from the drabs
rays and olive greens that prevail
It that season. In May and June
here must be flowers, blossoms OF
.ees and shrubs and any landscape
|ithout flowers in late May and
arly June is sadly deficient. For
ugllst the scene must provide
can pure grass under the canopy
i foliage. In this month there
eed be but few, if any, flowers or
riking colors as peacefulness ana
Pst are the expressions desired.
or Autumn effects colors OF fol
ge must be provided. To secure
roper Autumn effects requires as
|uch art as any phase OF landscape
ork. A landscape may be beautl-
ll all other seasons Of the year yet
B a horrible chaos of discordlhg
blors in Autumn. Even winter ef-
pets must be provided for. These
Jay be secured with evergreene
hd trees and shrubs having bright
ued wood or bright coiored berries
bat hang on over winter, such as
be red hips" Of Rose rugosa or
be scarlet bark OF some OF the
sinr willows.
VISTAS
An important element III secur'
L