The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1913-06-02

or business, of a career or husband. Some will face the immediate neces- sity of earning a living, and for thou sands of these, and their undergrad uate brethren as well, will sound the call of the wheat fields.
 Already ez1s waving Gzz<7s of Texas and Oklahoma are calling to the fifty thousand college boys of the United States and Canada who annually seek Summer employment. From those States the army of college lads-or such as do not fall by the wayside and seek easier employment - will work northward through Kansas, Ne braska, the Dakotas, Wisconsin, Min nesota and other States to the f1reat fields of Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta.
 But the wheat fields will lure only those graduates and students who are made of sterner stuff. Others will go forth with prospectuses cleverly con cea1ed in secret pockets, to carry lit erature to the masses. Others will serve walters in Summer hotels And some-oh, horrors!-wil1 play baseball for money.
 Columbia University, which has the largest student body of any American educational institution, will send out a small army of graduates and under graduates this week. Statistics of
 
 students earn an average of less than $20O during the Summer vacation, the total for all the employed undergrad uates ranging from 1000 to $5O,- 900. Columbia men work during the Summer as harvest hands, salesmen, tutors, stenographers, walters, clerks, companions, book agents, musicians, chauffeurs and in other capacities. Others are employed an physical di- rectors, life guards, hotel clerks, even as barbers. And one Columbia man earned $36O during one Summer by laying brick. He'll get along.
 The first government mint in Eng land was instituted TBS years ago to- day at Winchester by Henry I. Prior to that time coins had been n1inted by city and provincial organizations. For several centuries Italians were in charge of English hints, the English being ignorant of the art of coining. The first entry of gold brought to the English mint for coinage was in 1343. During the reign of Charles II. tin was used for coins, and gun metal and even pewter were used by his success sor. When Sir Isaac Newton became warden, in 1899, all the debased coin was called in- The United States Mint was established in 17a3, and since that time has coined a total of 277. .5S0, ,561 gold pieces. 2,205, g. 48, 396 silver pieces and 3,23S, 46O,586 nickle. copper and bronze pieces of a total value of $4,319, ,437, ,013.51. The inven- ton of the art of coining money is att tributed to the ancient Lydians, whose money was of gold and silver. Mon ey was coined at Rome in the sixth century B. c. Macedonian coins of the fifth century B. c. are still in ex- istence. Brass was principally used for money in ancient Rome, and gold and silver were not used until the third century B. c. Julius Caesar was the first man whose face was por- trayed on coin. as in earlier coins the heads were those of gods
 The first savings bank was opened at Berne. Switzerland. 126 years ago to-day. It was called the Caisse de domestiQues. and was intended to re- cetve the deposits of servants only. The first bank of this character open to the general public was instituted at Basel, Switzerland, five years la ter. The first real savings bank in Great Britain, and the parent of all such institutions in the United King dom and America, was opened in Ed inburgh about 8 century ago. There had previously been a charitable bank at Totenham, England. and parish bank at RuthweIl which were somewhat similar to savings banks, except that the stigma of charity closed them to self-respect- ing persons. In 1916 the Rt Hon. George Rose developed a system of savings banks, and brought it under parliamentary control, in which arti- sans might deposit Small sums, return able with interest on demand. The postal savings banks, established in England in 1861 and only recently in the United States, were the outgrowth of this system. That the first Swiss savings bank for domestic servants was based on the accurate knowIedEe of their thrifty habits has been proved again and again in the postal savings systems of all countries, in most of which servants are the largest pa- irons. Of the first 10000 depositors in English postal savings banks, over a third were domestic servants.