The Yale expositor., 1913-01-02

hibts burning candle in every window; the
peasants dwellings are Uttered with clean straw
and the cattle in their stalls have extra sup
plies of food. popular observance is to ar
range inverted saucers around the festive board
one for each guest-under which are placed
objects bearing significant meanings Each per-
son in turn raises May be it has COW
cred a piece of red ribbon-that presages a
wound some bodily injury; or COIN riches;
or a key, for girl the token of her direction
within a twelvemonth of some household. for a
boy the, entrance commercial career; a
piece OF fuel which fortells death; ring for
matrimony, and so forth.
The Christmas Buck" visits every home in
Finland He is an old man with long white hair
and beard and heavily clad in fur He drives
his team of reindeer over mountains and frozen
lakes and enters unannounced each doorway. He
makes a circuit of the family and inquiries
whether the children have been good or bad.
Before leaving he throws down kapps for all.
At Twelfth Night the Star Boys" make their
appearance They five young in fancy
dress. Three represent the Three Holy Kings of
the Epiphany, one is King Herod, and the last
q goat with hoofs and horns. They enact n
legendary play which has for it's finale the death
Of Herod, whilst the goat is thrust outside the
door. Wherever they go they collect aims Tor
poor people who have Christmas cheer
After the gayeties of Christmas two months
clapse during which is able to restore ones
digestive organs and then comes Lent. A dis
tinctive Lenten diet is blines and caviar; the
former the large thick pancakes which are eaten
with butter, sour cream and fruit juice. At mid
Lent fresh water fish is much esteemed-lake
it Is called. 1t is caught In nets sunk through
holes in the ice of rivers and lakes. II is boiled
in milk. On Easter Eve everybody eats hard
boiled eggs
The first of May is an ancient festival of gen.
eral observance, especially by students and
youths. They meet in the public parks of Hell
singfors, the capital, and In country market
places and there sing old folkscngs to the spirit
of spring. Then they drink deeply OF sweet
mead and consume vast quantities of struvor-
rich puff-paste tarts-and then they dance and
hirt with buXom maidens to their hearts
tent. Midsummer day is Of universal observance
in Finland Birch trees planted at all the
house doors and twigs of birch stuck all
over every The sets in the at
eleven o'clock and rises in the day at two Dur.
ing those three brief hours the young people kin.
die big fires. All are bent on dancing around and
above the blazing embers. They call the fires
kokko loves flame"
Rye harvest is very important On
the first day the lab, -er-farmern. with their
wives and families. 70 = ;ather ut The mansion OF
the landowner. They divided into squads
man. two women and three children. To
each squad Is assigned certain Wherein
the man cuts the crop, the WOMEN shock and
the children CLEAN. They work from four in the
morning until eight at night with intervals for
breakfast and dinner These meals together
with the supper at the end of toll. substan-
tia in sense They provided gratis
by the landowner and eaten at long tables
placed in frc 1t Of the mansion, whereat the land.
owner and his family serve. After supper all
join in singing the paintve national song kale-
wala, and Ten happy time is PASSED with
games and dances.
The rye crop. which provides the Firms with
their staff of life does not dry in ordinary sea
sons in the fields. 1t is consequently carried to
the rias, barns. and laid on racks and rafters.
Fires kindled in each corner and the smoke
i'ermeates the crop imparting a much-loved and
peculiar flavor. The country peoples diet con
sists chiefly of talkumma a sort of porridge
made of rye This is carried. when we'll set. in
birch bark knapsacks. 1t is also baked hard and
hung in great round. thin cakes. with holes in
the center. from the ceilings OF the houses Their
favorite beverage is coffee. Which they brew to
perfection. Corn-rye brandy Is a liquor much
esteemed by all classes and sometimes INDUCED
in to excess
The greatest refreshment of the Films is the
bath: every homestead has bath-house II is
their unfailing remedy In sickness "lf bath
and brandy fall, they say, then comes DEATH"
In the lighthouses are stone ovens wherein wood
fires are kindlcd and every orifce is closed
After the fire has burnt itself out buckets OF
water shovelfuls of snow are dashed upon the
embers and red hoA, stones Dense clouds Of
steam arise and into them the bathers plunge.
The whole body is switched with birch rods. and
then follow thorough massage and rubbing down
with soap. AS the bather quits the bathhouse
sousings of cold water snow are administered;
sometimes header into deep snow is preferred
Then for while to cool they all sit benches
in the open air, and then they resume their
clothes. During harvest time such baths in com
mon are taken every evening after work is done
in winter the Saturday night tub suflces Few
spectacles be weird and astounding
A. Nl..t
ters, ne suddenly comes upon the family at BATH