The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1913-07-10
are now multiplied By grating o. bud.


tho same) plant. with the intention that
II shall grow. Except Tor herbaceous
grating the wood for scions should be
taken while In n dormant or resting
condition. The time usually consider.
81 best IL after the leaves have fallen.
but before severe freezing begins.
The scions are tied In punches and
buried IN moist sand. where they will
not freeze and yet will be kept cold
enough 10 prevent growth. Good re-
suits often follow cutting scions In the
spring Just before or at the time the
grating is TO be done. II cleft graft
Ing Is the style to be employed this
practice frequently gives good results.
but spring cutting OF scions for whip
grating II not desirable.
The stock Is tho plant or part Of a
plant upon which or into which the
bud or scion II Inserted. For best re-
suits In grating II IL essential that the
stock be In an active condition.
Cleft grating IL particularly adapted
to large trees when for any reason II
becomes necessary TO change the va
riety. Branches too large 10 be work
cd by other methods can be cleft graft
ed. A branch one or one and one-half
inches In diameter IL severed with q
saw, Care should be taken that the
bark be not loosened from any portion
Of the stub. Split the exposed end
with n broad thin chlsel or grating
tool. Then with a wedge or the wedge
shaped prong at the end Of the grating
tool spread the cleft 20 that the scions
may be inserted.
The scion should consist Of a portion
Of the previous seasons growth and
should be long enough to have two or
three buds. The lower end OF the
scion which u to be inserted into the
cleft should he cut into the shape OF a
wedge. having the outer edge thicker
than the other. In general It Is q good
plan 10 cut the scion so that the lowest
bud will come just at the top OF this
wedge. so that Il will be near the top
Of the stock. To make this contact Of
the growing portions doubly certain the
scion Is often set ut q slight angle with
the stock into which Il IL inserted.
After the scions have been set the
operation Of cleft grating Is completed
BY covering all cut surfaces with
layer of grating wax.
Whip grating Is almost universally
used In root grating II has the ad-
vantage OF being well adapted TO small
nj ri tufa Of
and II can be done indoors during the
comparative leisure OF winter
The graft II made by cutting the
stock OF diagonally- long smooth
cut with a sharp knife. leaving about
three fourths OF an inch of cut surface.
Place the knife about one-third of the
distance from the end of the cut sur
face at right angles TO the cut and
split the stock In the direction of its
long axis Cut the lower end of the
scion In like manner. and when the
two parts are forced together the cut
surfaces win NJ neatly together, and
one will nearly cover the other II scion
and stock are OF the same size. A diff
ference may be disregarded unless IL
be too great After the scion and stock
have been locked together they should
be wrapped with Ave or six turns of
waved cotton TO hold the parts firmly
together. II Is In root grating that the
whip graft finds Its distinctive field.
The roots are dug and the scions are
cut In the fall and stored. The work
Of grating may he done during the
winter months. When the operation
has been performed the CRAFTS are
packed away In moss. sawdust or sand
In a cool cellar to remain until spring.
In ordinary propagation by means Of
whip gratis the scion Is cut with about
three buds. and the stock Is nearly as
long as the scion. The graft Is 30
planted as 10 bring the union of stock
and scion not very far below the sur
face OF the ground. But where the
trees are required to be especially
hardy In order To stand severe winters
and the roots used are not known TO
be 80 hardy as the plants from which
the scions have been cut different
plan Is adopted. The scions are cut
much longer. and the roots may be cut
shorter. and the graft Is planted so
deep as to cause roots to issue from
the lower end OF the scion. When tax
en- up 10 be set In the orchard the orig
inal root may be removed entirely.
Budding IL one of the most econom-
zeal forms OF artificial reproduction.
and each year witnesses Its more gen.
eral use.
The operation Of budding Is simple
and can be done with great speed by
expert builders. The work has usually
to be- done In July. August or early
September. The bud should be taken
from wood OF the present seasons
growth. Since the work OF budding IL
done during the season OF active
growth the bud sticks are prepared so
that the petiole or stem of each leaf Is
left attached TO serve as handle to
aid In pushing the bud home when In
sorting II beneath the bark OF the
stock This Is what is usually called
a shield bud aud Is cut 80 that a small
portion of the woody tissue Of the
branch Is removed with the bud.
The stock for budding should be ut
least as thick as the ordinary lead pen
ell. The height at which buds are In
a. a. n -