davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1913-04-12
The Editors Mail

Earding automobiles and their
drivers. you will find that the
licensing OF all drivers e. tho only
way sou can stop tho owacr or
driver who violates the city ordi.
uanccH
The big Eastern cities have gone
through the same trouble Seattle
o. having You VIII find. now. that
In most OF tho big cities drivers OF
autos are licensed either b. tht
sta.e or city. and that tho reckless
element soon come 20 grief aB all
oftonses call for a revocation Of
the drivers license from three
muuths 20 one year. The second
and third offenscs are punishable
By a iail sentence. +. c.. ".
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1913-04-12
In the Peoples Hands

Now Attorney General Tanner and says congress
expected pass law governing the machinery for the
direct election Of senator's which shall be operative until
fhe several legislatures have opportunity pass
Of their
II congress does not-wel maybe Judge Moore is cor
rect in his opinion that the proceed anyhow
hc present laws and elect by direct II Dean Condor
Of the University OF Washington law school Represen-
htive Thomas F. Murphne correct in their opinions
special session of the legislature initiative measure
will be needed.
About the only thing certain is that the next legislature
the state OF Washington will have the right to choose
United States senator
So, matter how the lawyers finally decide the case
.he people should worry. They're bound vote on
the matter ultimately.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1913-04-12

Editor The star There's very odd Kind OF fish around the San
Juan Islands These fish called
have somewhat tho appearance or Goldfish they really
and instincts Of n cat-and also a
q hes
IA bontc
lrshman swanson better success
catching
nail Of
silk cord which, In n Suspended from a
tho
be
nsha found necea
for this operation unless large magazine
II only ght bullets take effect
with Ito left This generally
These fish mghy priced fashionable
exclusive
bring about us apiece BERNARD
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1913-04-12

The New York Peace Society. NJ
its annual meeting IN January.
passed resolutions asking the citi.
zens Of tho country. without regard
Tor political affiliations. 20 request
tho repeal OF tho Panama canal act.
on tho grounds OF safeguarding the
national honor thus imperilod"
! am of The opinion that Il would
be unwlsc 20 bring any pressure 20
bear upon our congressman aud sen.
ntora 10 undo what tho citizens AZ
large evidently believe is measure
for the common good
DEAD EARNEST.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1913-04-12
Ne Was Literary.

"Col Brown seems 20 be very IT..
orary." remarked a visitor 10 the
Brown h0usehoid u The negro maid.
glauciug az pile OF magazines ly.
Ing on the floor.
Vas. ma'am.' replied tho ebony.
faced girl. yes. ma am he Ehoiy arm
literary lie jess uat'elly littaha
things al over dis yer house -
Womana Home Companion
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1913-04-12
WANTS A CARD

Dear Uncle Jack I am sending
you n picture 81 girls head. FOR
am worry fond OF drawing people. !
am II years old. and am in the
fourth grade
Wul you please send me n mem.
bcrFhip csrd7 ! always sec The
star. az my father takes 10 every
day.-Emma r. e,-idgnnen, Bur.
liuEtou. Wash. Box 526.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1913-04-12

NEXT coNTEsT

4 Next week the Circle VIII Jet >
\ JET itn members SOLICIT their .
r own contest. Those competing =
= can fond ~ "a pen and inA >
= drawing. write q short story or >
= poetry. Tho drawinRa must >
y DO in black ink and should be =
\ on drawing paper. Both the =
4 stories and the poems must be .
4 short Address all contribu- .
= lions 20 Uncle Jack. 10 care Of ,
= Tho Star Tho contest closes =
next Friday afternoon. A =
= pound box 81 candy VII be \
r awarded 20 the winner. y
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1913-04-12
LAUGH AND GROW FAT
Abaolutely NOTHING persona'.

FriendH OF Frud McGrath. now 10
catod In Flint doslro 90 make it
known that tho recent troubles
growing out OF tho investigation OF
wood and coal dealers by Tho sealor
OF weights and measures we're not
personal 20 MIR McGrath lie hap.
pened 20 DO ono OF many dealers
whose scales were found TO be- OF
short measure. and llko the rest, no
paid a fine, romediod tho difficulty
az once. and continued 20 do bust.
ness. -CheboyEnn. Mich. Tribune.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1913-04-12
CRUM BELONGS

Dear Uncle Jack have beex
reading the interesting letters yo3
have printed am very much In
terested IN the Circle. ! have
schoolmate who IS a member. Ny
age Is IL and ! have two brothers
and four sisters. Please send ne
o membership card.-Josle Osborn.
Enumclaw. r. T. D. No. l Box Is.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1913-04-12
DUNLAP SCHOOL

Dear Uncle Jack ] would love
10 Join your club ann years old.
and IN tho third grade n Dunlap
school Please send me member
ship card.
HAZEL HENDRIX,
1901 Rainier Az.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1913-04-12
Good for EVIL

Good for Evil.
Pedestrian Here. why did you
strike that boy
Urchin Tie hit mo first.
Pedestrian -- Suppose he did:
dom you know you should return
good for eyiia
UrChin-Well an didn't I soak
him good Boston Transcript.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1913-04-12
SPLENDID CIRCLE"

Dear Uncle Jack; Rm writing
for a membership IN your splendid
Circle club. am II yeavA old
Several OF my schoolmhtea are
members o, thu Circle. Please
aenf mo card.--Lsurs Harris.
Granite Falls. Wash.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1913-04-12
A Difference in the White House

Say, isn't joy that difference in the White House?
No Judicial temperament balancing tweedleedee
against tweededum measuring the north against the
OF hair deferrng the OF decision until
all issue had been swped and then getting anywhere
Instead clear thinking, quiet courage and timely
without buster.
Small wonder the old boys in congress yielded Blame
em all you but grant this: They enough to
keep out OF the way OF buzz
There's Joy again back He's a. bat
br the Seattle postnastership.
expects Madame Butt he may
,e too busy.
Tight fight for
rqual rghtsi
the literally Had
reat Big strong pochetbook but worthless stomach
From the wool ugts standpoint Schedule
Wilson gets through With II.
Illinois lawmakers morning cabaret
erormers Gosh that's nothing
ian beat that record to frazzle most any time.
criticism Chicago presa has got the world skinned
listen! yellow Jackeno cast no plot.
IN al fairness to the recent rotten legislature gay
. s2406G7s232 outside Of what Gov Lister vetoed
Examining dsntst that children
bet that when
social progress reaches Tacoma. she knows her.
Te do make changes. Harbor Island boost
In such terrible hurry they
b1r and time
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1913-04-12
WANTS A CARD

Dear Uncle Jack. We have taken
The Star for a number ~ years !
am interested ~ The Star Circle.
WIN you please send me n member.
ship cnrdg Yours trliY.
ALFREDA KARR.
Mukilteo. Box 49,
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1913-04-12
MOTHER NEW ONE

Dear Uncle Jack: am very
much Interested Ia The star Circle
We have been taking The Star for
several years VIII you please
send me a membership card? am
II ycau old and ia the sixth grade
! remain Alice Stewart, 1872
AfHt 3 W
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1913-04-12

Editor Tho Star Bliss Perry Of
Harvard says tho Bible f. a book
rich beyond all others In human ex.
pericuce. poetry. history. drama
that 10 "a a test OF conauct and the
manual OF devotion. and. above all
else, a workable word OF the unseen
Cod What right have We to &c.
prive tho school children Of such n
source OF intellectual and spiritual
vigor7 Why not teach tho coming
American the book which develops
moral force and moral back bone ?
J. ".
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1913-04-12
From Sedro-Woollev

Dear Uncle Jack: have heard
much about your splendid little
Circle card. and would be delighted
10 yet one Of your memberships.
VIII you please send me one?--
Mary Kiens, Seiro Woolley.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1913-04-12

Have you striking idea for your
novel;
Il should gay so" replied tho busy
author. We've got up a cover dc.
sign that viii make everything cluo
on tho news stand look Ike bunch
- wlthered turnlp tops by compari-
son. Washington Siar.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1913-04-12

You say you are an actress1-
Yes"
And what experience have you
had as an actrcHH2"
We'll. testified IN tho Wombat
trial aud again In tho great trunk
mystery case"
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1913-04-12
SHE WILL JOIN

Dear Uncle Jack am very
much interested IN The Star Circle.
Would you please send Inc a mem.
befshlp card7 J am iu the sixth
grade. and am ~ years old Ia.
closed you Will find story.
SELMA STEWART.
4l32 4lHt az. S. W.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1913-04-12
Tlns on cr,dl,.

Gcnt--I'ye no change this morn
lng III give you something on my
return
Crossing Sweeper sadly All.
STR You'd be- surprised n yon knew
how much money I've lost By giving
credit that way
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1913-04-12
FORGOT TO ASK

Dear Uncle Jack ! wish TO ioln
The star Circle club. I forgot 10
ask for a membership card IN com.
pctlng IN your last contest. VIII
you please send me card7-
Dorothy Wray. Lowell. Wash.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1913-04-12
HE BACKS UP CONGRESS-

Editor The Star: Congress re-
Gently passed n bin eNempting coast
wise traffic from the usual tolls Of
the Panama canal This act was
confirmed by the senate. and with
the opening o. the canal VIII become
q law Now this act has been At.
tackled ne an "act OF lnwlcssness" By
Senator Root Senator Root taileB
the position that the law "a viola
ton Of the Hay.Pauncofote treaty.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1913-04-12
Uncle Sar,--Incompetent!

Poor. old incompetent U. s a.
He can't do things in a business way
Just think, for instance. where we'd be At
II he railroads and things like that
No pools and rebates no Wall street game no railroad
wreckers win fame Think Of tho INJURY done the
land Samuel took the lines hand Business" would
Certainly get a slam from poor incompetent Uncle Sami
Poor, old. incompetent t. s A. he can't do things in a
business way. Panama YES he digs the ditch that
making big business" rich' And the postal
handy too, for people like and YOU but isn't
done business style heap up higher some magnaes
pile.
So let all sensible folk beware Of leaving things in your
Unce for he'd them that the common folk would
be something than silly joke
He'd fight the wolf and protect the lamb would poor
Incompetent" Uncle Sam.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1913-04-12

LETTERs FROM THE PEOPLE.
II have used 'seventy-soven' with
good results and II is all that you
claim. Send me n Manual
Il am n regular user OF Seventy
seven and find II always helps me.
Would Ike 10 have tho Manual"
Having found 'seventy.seven'
helpful In an attack Of Grip, would
like to have your Manual"
our mail is full OF these requests.
We would suggest that you too send
for a copy OF DR.. Humphreys Man
nal. which is sent absolutely free,
and learn about all Of tho Humph-
reya Remedies.
Humphreys uomeo. Medicine Co. fss
william street., Row York -Advortiss-
ment
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1913-04-12
TWELVE YEARS OLD

Dear Uncle Jack: I I'm a little
girl 81 y years and am IN the fifth
grade. ] am very much interested
In Tho Star Circle. WIN you please
send me membership card.--
Esther Jenren. f25 27th s.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1913-04-12
LIKES CIRCLE

Doar Uncle Jack: have read
your Circle and Ike s; very much.
I am ii years old and am IN the
firth grade Please send me
mem bership card Margaret
hieyer, 43fs Fifth y. W.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1913-04-12
Perhaps and PerhspA.

Mrs. nliihcr,on must be awfully
IN love with her husband"
Why do YOU think soT"
"She calls him mp by telephone al
least dufen times a day"
Il wonder what tho rascal has
been doing 10 rouse her auBplc.ona p
Chicago Record. Herald.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1913-04-12
PENNIES MAKE DOLLARS.


Editor The Star. Jakey Furth
has certainly stupg the people by
the downtown loop system In or.
der 10 give the pike 81 people an
even start with the Yesler way pas.
sengers lu tho scramble for seats.
a number % tho carr turn back
north NJ Union 81. and get their
fun load between the hours Of
and o'clock.
or course passengers coming IN
on these Union az. loop fcarB take
their choice ~ paying a full scent
fare and get n transfer or tender
ticket and continue TO their dcs'i.
nation ON foot after the car has
reached the loop, for Jakey docs
not transfer on tickets. even n the
car does 10 only half way.
The conductors warn all tho pas
sengers beforehand that the car
goes only 70 the downtown loop.
At least his incoherent mumbliug
Is sometimes taken for This Is q
loop car" These half way" cars
have been accepted by tho patient
public, and The extra pennies came
SO easy that Il seemed q shame to
miss them on the through cars.
One evening / was on a car and
We were greeted with tho usual
warning by tho conductor. pro-
ducod my nickel cheorfully. and
then counted 20 others who
dropped their niclcls into tho box
and accept transfers Then after
those 30 scent pieces were safely
slowed away In the cash box the
car did not turn IN at Union st.. but
continued on down 10 Jackson 81.
as usual.
A GREEN LAKE T.. Z. MARK.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1913-04-12
SISTERS JOINING

Dear Uncle Jack I am interested
IN your Star Circle. and would like
TO have a membership card We
take Tho Star. and Ike 70 read H..
] am II years old and my sister is
8. She would alFo like a member.
ship card ! am sending you a
story for the contest this week
Gladys and Helen Abbott. r. 7. D.
No. Q. sta. s.
Dance al prcariand tonight 80.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1913-04-12

MODERN elegantly furnished
rooms ~ lowest rates AZ Hotel Vir
giuua. Eighth and Virginia. near
Westlake Elliott SO3 '.s
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1913-04-12

JOSH WISE
SAYS:
"Th' ieadin'
banker Of Beeley.
sport dotesta HE
whlakert. but he's
afoAred ter shave
EN- OF because
people ulghtthink
he's quilt beln' con
sentative"
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1913-04-12
The Quay nnnlnnn, MN

The Busy Business Man.
why are you reading those old
newspapers p
Just going over some ~ last sum.
mer's baseball games. Pm trying 70
pick up the language again"
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1913-04-12
THAT coUeTRoom FlAo

H.
Editor The Star There are n
number OF people who thiuk the
county commlsaioners arc doing
wrong IN MOI paying out the PEG.
Pies money 20 purchase an Amer.
can Fag Tor judge Humphries
Il appears 20 me that when tho
people rut q man onto the Judge p
bench they DO go with tho under.
standing thar the said Judge ls 10
transact the peoples business ia
th0t respect aud no, laud his pa
triotlsm 20 tho world.
u does not appear worry patriotic
to me. nor would Il 10 the Judge. II
hts employo wanted 20 celebrate
aud would nsk or command him.
the iuaen % foot the bin.
4 NATIVE BORN CITIZEN.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1913-04-12

Don't you think q would be- a
rood thlns II cur Legislators were
limited to one tcrmT"
II depends on where the term
was 70 he served "-C Chicago Rec.
ord.ficrald.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1913-04-12

Physical perfection prevents
pneumonia" says the Chicago
health department In bulletin.
That'a encouraging. What "a sim.
pier than physical pcrfection7
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1913-04-12

When wen; TO Washington. +"
said the congressman who vas De.
feated. the people OF Plunkvlle
gathered and strcwcd rouea 10 my
path.
And when you returned ~ a
lame duck"
They strowocd banana poellngs
and cactus
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1913-04-12

sKlo Tents. 1878. Blake Furui.
turc Co. 4i5-iT Pike. ..s
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1913-04-12

Socialist national speaker, Mary
Geffg. Labor Temple, Sunday. April
10. p. m. sss
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1913-04-12

Editor Tho Star. After all the
suggestions have been heard re-
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1913-04-12

Examining dentist
tooth
hswling
ocial reaches Tacoma, her
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1913-04-12

Humphreys Homeo. Medicine Co fse
william street.. Row ork.-Adyortiss-
ment
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1913-04-12

In all fairness TO the legislature one ga
rated 32J00OO00 No stree The
. s24,0667s232; outside Of what Gov. Lister
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1913-04-12

For theatre criticism tho Chicago Pesa got the
dsten felo" Jacketno cast no plot Take
china"
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1913-11-29

the ribbon in two equal parts. Sew
the TWO long ends together and the
two shorter ones, this forms a bag
which is open the long way at the
top. Fill this bag with Gotten and
place a paper of cOlored pins in the
center Of the bag at the top. The
ends Of the bag are folded into a
point and caught up to the top
of the bag. Fasten a dainty bow at
each side and a narrow ribbon loop
to suspend the bag.
A hair-pin holder Is an acceptable
gift. A sixteen inch length Of rib
bon is folded at one end about three
inches to form pocket. This is
divided by fancy stitching into five
parts Of different widths for the diff
ferent sized hair pins. The top is
drawn together by a narrow ribbon
and finished with a fluffy rosette and
loop to hang the holder up.
A novel handkerchief case is made
Of two ribbon covered squares Of
cardboard. These are Joined by rib
bon hinges at one side and an elastic
band covered with shirTed ribbon
pinned to them at the other.
A pretty red case is made Of one
half a yard Of ribbon eight inches
wide lined with plain ribbon. A
thin layer Of wad6ng sprinkled with
saehet powder Is placed between.
Overland the two ribbons together
along the side edge, and shape the
ribbon into a point at one end. A
strip OF ribbon is run through the
center and tackled at intervals TO
form pockets for the wells. A mar
row ribbon is fastened at the wider
end so that the case may be rolled
and tied up.
A distinct novelty is a sewing
basket made with a small lamp shade
for the foundation. The material is
shirFed on similar to q lamp shade,
The sides and Bottom are covered
with either silk, eretonne, chintZ or
any soft material A cover of card
board which is cut to fit the top and
with the material is sewed
to the basket at one side. A little
loop Of cord serves to open the
basket. The inside is fitted with
pockets to hold the sewing materials
You may have a friend who would
appreciate a set of linen covers for
the card tables. Cut them a little
larger than the table and make a
half-inch hem through which draw
q draw-string which will hold firmly
In place. Embrofder the monogram
IL one corner.
A theatre program is another
clever suggestion. Procure a cata-
og dummy from a printer and dec
1rate the outside with pictures of
actors and actresses cut from news
papers and magazines. Divide the1
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1913-11-29

a lovely remembrance, or big brother
would surely appreciate a necktie
rack. One seen in the shops can be
made easily. An oval embroidery
is wound with ribbon, cushion for
the scarf pin is made of linen, with
an embroidered monogram. this Gov
ers the top Of the hoop. 1t is finished
with ribbon bows and a hanger OF
cord.
A calendar is a good hurTy-up last
minute gift. Cut twelve pieces out
of a sheet of coIoFed blotting paper
ten and one-haIf inches by thirteen
and one-third inches each. Place an
appropriate picture a quotation and
the calendar for the month on each
piece, then tie them together with
silk cord.
Little sister never can have too
many sashes and girdles. The pres
emit style girdles are made of wide
fancy ribbon boned on the sides and
finished with jaunty bow. For the
new baby there is always a multitude
of new ideas. A useful gift is a bag
Of white sateen for the best coat, f"
fitted on the outside with pockets
for the cap and mittens, so every
thing is in readiness when baby goes
visiting.
A cunning carriage strap Of en-
brOidered linen has eyelets worked
on it. Pink or blue baby ribbons are
tied to these eyelets, to these are
attached little celluloid animals, rub
Der dolls and rattle. A set of baby
towels with animals, or a Mother
Goose design worked in cross stitch,
or a set OF ribbon rosettes and ties
for the bonnet are appropriate. A
dainty bonnet string was of pink
satin ribbon, a piece Of ribbon fitted
over the cap in front and was
adorned with little pink chiffon rose
buds. The rosettes and ties were
attached to this. This was practical
as 1t could be worn with any cap.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1913-11-29

by RG8Ey Powers.
He Christmas spirit is IL
T the air. Each year with the
coming Of the Yule-tidt
season, we hear the relt
F Grated question, ''Whal
- shall 1 give?" Oh, those
Christmas presents! If you are in g
Quandry what to make, at the eleT-
enth hour the following suggestions
may be Of service to you.
Gifts should be an expression OF
the personality Of the donor and also
be well adapted to the tastes Of the
recipients. The mere purchase OF
Christmas remembrances means but
little if bought without careful con-
sideration, but gift Of ones own
handiWork winged with loving
thoughts, though not expensive in
terms Of dollars and cents, becomes
a highly priced token Of pure regard
and friendship by the thought and
labor bestowed upon it.
Christmas presents given from q
sense Of obligation or for the sake
of reciprocity should be curtaled
from the list If you lack time or
money to remember all those whom
you really wish to, be frank about it
and simply send a Christmas greet
ing or a CHEEKY Christmastide letter.
There is always a bewitching
charm to an attractfTely wrapped
gift. Many ingenious ways can be
devised to make your packages look
f'Christmassy. They may be
wrapped in white, green or red pa
per trimmed with spfigs Of holly or
mistletoe. Tie your boxes with mar
row ribbon or fancy cord, or red OF
green rafia and use Christmas tags
for the address. A layer of cotton
sprinkled with mica dust at the top
OF the box and decorated with holly
is most effective. Christmas seals
help to decorate a package wonder
fully.
Think Of it! for one dollar you can
make six pretty gifts out of Powered
ribbon. First, there is an envelope
to keep the ever necessary powder
puff in. This should fasten with
snap fasteners. Then an adorable
scarf to protect the neck is made
from one and one-half yards Of rib
bon edged with narrow ribbon or
lace. In the center Of the back a
few plaits are stitched so that the
scarf VIII fit the neck. The ends are
cut pointed. If preferred the pocket
can be interlined with Wadding and
lined with china silk. A similar
scarf can be made Of white net edged
with lace.
A pin holder requires only three
quarters Of a yard Of ribbon and a.
yard Of narrow ribbon Of harmonic
Ing shade. This is made by folding