davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Eastern Colorado times., 1913-06-13
THE FAILURE OF BLOSSOMS
TO SET FRUIT.

The failure of orchard trees to sch
fruit, despite of the fact that an abun-
dance of blossoms we're produced, is
due to one or more of several causes,
These are as follows:-
l. Self-sterility. Many varieties of
apples and pears are self-sterile.
That is, they are not capable of setting
fruit properly unless pollen from an
other variety is used. For example,
Bartlett and Kieffer pears, in many
localities, when planted in solid blocks
gi res less satisfactory results than
when they are planted with such va
rieties as Lawrence, Duchess and An
jou. With apples and pears it is good
practice to mix varieties. However,
if varieties with proper affinities are
selected. one variety to furnish the
pollen is as good as a number.
2. Frozen Pistils. The pistil, which
is the part of the flower to develop
fruit. is more easily frozen than other
parts of the flower. Hence the pistil
may often be frozen while other flow
ga ptIts ttc ilpl uueCN.Us cOnSeQuCnt-
ly blossoms are formed but fail to
set fruit.
3. Weak Trees. Trees in q weak
condition, although blooming abund-
antly, often fail to set fruit.
4. Rain and snow. The pistils may
be mechanically injured and the pollen
washed away by rain or snow at the
time when blossoms are open.
5. Excessive growth of wood. Elos-
SONS often drop in great numbers
when the tree is forming excsss i've
amount of wood.
8. Over abundance Of nitro zen fe.
tilizers.
2. Diseased buds.
8, Spraying. Heavy spraying of
: trees, especially before pollinatiop.
has in some few instances resulted In 4
loss of blossoms. This is not serious.
however.
Eastern Colorado times., 1913-06-13

and assist most generously.
Through his land laws and For
estry Bureau he is retaining pos
session of more than half the
area of the State. On this land
he pays no taxes. The construc-
ton of good roads will materially
increase its value. Under the
circumstances / believe he could
we'll afford to give the State one
million acres of his land to be
sold at public auction and the
proceeds put to the credit of the
States road fund. Such a grant
would probably net the State
about ten million dollars and
would go far toward financing
Colorado's road problem.
OF course, no attempt will be
made to enact road legislation at
the extra session of Congress.
There will be plenty of time be-
fore the regular session for pub
lie sentiment to crystalize. In
the meantime hope the folks at
home will give the matter the at
tention it deserves. and write me
freely and frankly. 1 want all
the information I can get.
Let me utter word of warning
in conclusion: Certain pow erful
interests are financing various
good roads organizations. l do
not want to condemn their acti-
vities, but their desires must be
subordinated to the general good.
The farmers and other ordi-
nary users of roads in this coun-
try are not in a position to hire
lobbyists or to maintain expen-
sive headquarters, and if we are
not careful their interests will be
lost sight of in the cloud Of dust
kicked up by the chap who is
driving a five thousand dollar
seven passenger car.
Eastern Colorado times., 1913-06-13
JUDGING BUTTER

Nearly every one thinks he can
Judge sample of butter and it is true
that all are able to compare butter
from an Individual standpoint. How
ever, to judge bntter for the CONNER
cial taste requires considerable ex-
perience. The standard used exclu-
sively in this country for scoring
butter is as follows:-
Flavor As percent.
Body 25 percent.
Color Is percent.
Salt 10 percent
Style percent
Flavor is valued ut nearly half the
total. A judge must have a keen and
sensitive taste and mnst also know the
flavor that is demanded in The market.
Some of the common faults in flavor
are designated as fiat" "fishy,"
rancid" ''weedy," old cream. acid
and ''stable" Flavor is due to the
previous methods of handling the
cream.
Body refers to the texture or grain
of the butter. 1t should Ike firm and
waxy. Criticisms of bod y are greasy,
"tallowy," cloudy" ''brisky,"
"salvy."
Texture is determined by the methods
of manufacture. That is, by the cllurn-
ing, washing, working and sailing.
The color should he bright and even
The most common fault in the color
of butter is ''mottled" or wavy butter.
Most consumers can detect small
differences of the salt content of but
ter. This is liable to be confused
with flavor.
The amount of salt should be suited
to the market and is not criticised in
the Judging as much as its condition
in the butter. 1t should be thoroughly
dissolved and entirely distributed.
Style refers to the clean and neatly
finished appearance of the butter and
its package.
Eastern Colorado times., 1913-06-13

ON Cne DutiuitlS dIlO Observation-Disclosures
of first class highways.
THE SHACKLEFORD IDEA.
THE government pays the
railroads for transporting the
mails over their steel roads, "
said Shackleford the other day.
"Why shouldn't it pay the town.
ship or the county for the privil-
ege of transporting the mails
over the dirt or macadam roads
built and maintained by the
township or county. The same
principles applies in each case.
''My idea is that the rural mail
carriers should make frequent
reports to the Postmaster Gener-,
al concerning the condition of the
roads used by them. The COM
pensation which would be paid to
the road officials of the township
or county would be entirely de-
pendent upon the energy and
ability they displayed in the
building end maintenance of
their roads. For a road which
was barely passable for the rural
carrier the compensation would
be low, for a fair road it would
be quite a bit higher and for a
first class road it would be very
much increased. The rural mail
carrier could be depended upon
to report the facts. His interest
in good roads is a vital one."
DECENTRALIzING GOVERNMENT.
For many years the tendency
to centralize all power in Wash
ington has been very marked.
This good roads discussion has
demonstrated that the pendulum
is swinging in the other direction.
Personally, l welcome the change
Genuine Democracy requires that
the government shall be kept as
close as possible to the people.
Bureaucracy is the foe of Democ-
racy. The two cannot exist, side
by side. One must destroy the
other.
It is to be expected that the
chiefs of the great departments
of this federal government should
be constantly reaching out for
more and more power. That is
human nature. but it is phase
of human nature which must be
curbed in a republic as extensive
as ours. If it is not, we will
have beneficient depotism SUBJ
stituted for the rule of the peo-
pie.
| I want the. federal government
to heartily cooperate with the
states in the bui lding of good
roads, but l do not want to see
the national authority supersede
the state authority. The people
of Colorado have demonstrated
that they are able to handle this
road problem. They have over
thrown the old pork barrel"
system of distributing the road
fund and they have created an
efficient Highway Commission
which is familiar with the states
needs. The warden of our peni-
tentiary is showing the world
how convicts may be transform
ed into good men, with good
roads as a bye-product. The
counties of our state are doing
their part in response to Tom
Rhrhart's prodding. In a word.
Colorado is in the vanguard of
of the good roads movement and
is in a position to say to Uncle
Sam eve will welcome YOUR
Eastern Colorado times., 1913-06-13
Washington Letter,
BY Edward Heating,
Congressman-at-Large
From Colorado.
From Colorado.

booster for good roads. Uncle
has been deeply interested in this
subject for some time and he has
done much good work, but he has
been hampered in his efforts by
the lack of a definite, well-defined
policy.
A few days ago the House au-
thorized the appointment of a
committee on roads to consist of
twenty-one members, and Con-
gressman Dorsey w. Shackleford
of Missouri, one Of the grizzled
veterans of the House, resigned
his place on the all powerful
committee on ways and means, in
order that he might head the
new committee. Approaching
the Importance to the West OF
this latest developement lin the
good roads movement, Imade a
special effort to get on the COM
mittee and succeeded, being the
only representative from the In
termountain West who landed.
With Shackleford leading the
Committee, the-good roads issue
will be forced to the front in the
House. One result will be the
adoption of a we'll thought out
scheme for the extension of Fed
eral aid to the building of roads.
TWO PLANS.
Already two sharply-defined
schools of thought on this subject
are being organized in the House.
and I am confident the same lines
of demarcation will divide the
Senate. One school has been
dubbed "The Dirt Road State
man. and the other is sneeringly
referred to as "The Joyriders. :"
Both sobriquets are picturesque
but accuratively expressive. The
''Dirt-Road Stateman" are lead
by the redoubtable Shackleford
and just now they seem to include
a marked majority of the mem
bers of the House.
They contend that the primary
purpose of the good roads move
ment should be to provide the
farmer with a more expeditions
and economical means of trans
porting his produce to the rail-
road station. Therefore they
would have Uncle Sam turn his
attention to the humble dirt road
first of all.
1.-The Joyriders'' scoff at this
plan and declare that the Federal
government should establish a
great bureau of roads here in
Washington and proceed to con-
struct a system of national high
ways, at cost of from $15, OOC
to S25, 900 per mile. They would
leave the building and upkeep OF
the dirt roads to the township,
the county or the state. AS this
scheme has met with the suppor,
of the automobile interests, its
advocates have been called THE
Joyriders."
In the last Congress. Shake
ford took charge Of the dirt
road" forces and introduced 6
bill embodying their views. II
provided that the national gov
: ernment should pay the town
ship, county or state fer the use
of the roads used in the delivery
of the mails, the amount per mile
to be determined by the condition
of the road. For this purpose
the roads were divided into three
classes and the Compensation
=
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1913-11-06
AUSTRIA
TO FIND SON
MRS. THEREsE VUK LOOKING
FOR YOUNG MAN WHO WAS
LAST HEARD OF AT MAnI-
son,

Madison, S .D.-Coming all the
way to America from Austria for the
purpose of finding her missing SON.,
who was last heard from in Madison
July "a last, Mrs. Therese Vuk has
taken up her headquarters with old
time friends at Detroit, Mich, from
which city she is conducting her
search. Sigmund Tenk, the missing
man, is % years of age, and when
last heard from was a travelling
salesman in the employ of a safety
razor manufacturing company. The
fact that letters were quite frequent
ly received from him prior to Aug.
LIST, last postmarked at Bismarck, N.
d., and Madison, S. d.. encourages
his mother and other relatives to be-
lieve that his business takes him to
the W cities quite frequently and
that he may be located from this
city or Bismark. Prior to the letter
of July "a he had written his rela-
tives frequently, and the failure to
hear from him since hat time adds
to the mystery surrounding his
present whereabouts and fate. DIR. e.
Rosinger, of Detroit, Mich, and old
friend of the family, is making the
search for the missing man in be-
half of the distracted mother, and
anyone knowing anything of the
whereabouts of Tenk should COM
municate with DR.. Rosinger.
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1913-11-06
DE WITT
CALLED TO BEYOND

Dell Rapids. S. D.--Capt. Clinton
Dewitt, whose death on his homes
stead near Lennon, in northwestern
Dakota, is announced in n tele-
gram received here, was one of the
most prominent pioneers of Dell
Dapids and vicinity. Capt. Dewitt
was in the act of arranging a buggy
cushion when he fell to the ground
and died almost instantly. He took
up his residence in Dell Rapids more
twenty years ago, and remained
here until Il few years ago. when he
up his residence in the north
western part of the state. Himself
and wife adopted three children, now
grown to manhood and owmanhood.
An adopted son and daughter live
near Lennon, while the other adopt
ed son is a resident of ST. Paul, MINI.
Capt. Dewitt served four years in
the union army during the civiI war.
AT one time he was sheriff of Green
county, La. The township in which
Lennon is situated has a postoffice
named Dewitt which was named af-
ter him. He was for many years a
prominent member of the Odd Eel
lows lodge and also was prominent
in state G. A. r. circles.
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1913-11-06
LAW
MAY BE INVALID
JUDGE McNULTY HEARS CASE IN
WHICH is IT CHARGED MEA.
SURE WAS CHANGED AT.
TER PASSAGE.

Aberdeen, S. D.-Judge Frank Nc
Nulty of the Fifth circuit court, in
is hearing a case from
Twin Brooks, S. d., which may inval-
idate the Il to 600" law regulating
saloons. passed by the last session
of the South Dakota legislature, and
bring about a return to the former
system, when the number of caloons
allowed in any municipality which
had voted in favor of license, was
limited only by the number of appli-
cations, or the judgment of the city
commissioners o rcity council.
Those bringing the suit from Twin
Brooks charge that the Il to 600
law is void because as it was written
and passed. it provided that a license
for each 600 of population might be
permitted in any South Dakota NUM-
cipality where "a majority Of the
coters of such township, city or town
shall vote in favor of such sale of in
%toxicating liquor at retail" 1t is.
charged by the Twin Brooks litig-
ants that sometime between the time
the bill was passed and when it was
~engrossed, four words were added
which materially changed the mean
ing of the law, these four words be-
ing: voting pn the proposition.
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1913-11-06
The Castlewood School
Board Appeals to
Young Men.
SCHOOLS SUFFER
Board Wants 1t Understood
1t is Not Acting as a Mat
llmonlal Agency.

Castlewood, S. D.-The local board
of education has experienced so much
difficulty in retaining young women
school teachers, many of whom per-
sist in falling ill love and getting
married after they cancel their con-
tracts with the board, that a public
warning has been issued to the young
SWANS of the town that they must
cease capturing the young women
teachers for wives. The board of
education says it has the interests of
the public schools and the young and
growing generation to look after, in
stead of providing suitable wives for
the young men. The public warning
which has been issued is as follows:
1--WE want to give notice and fair
warming that the next young man
who attempts to flirt with or keep
company with one of our fair school
ma'ams is apt to get into serious
trouble. Some people seem to labor
under the impression that all the
good-looking and efficient lady tea
cheers and then have these fellows lay
plans to capture them.
1--WE admit school ma'ams are aw-
fully nice. most enticing and capti-
waiting and that they make ideal help
mates, but when we get a competent
teacher the members of the school
board like to retain her services as
long as possible. We have no good
school ma'ams to dispose Of"
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1913-11-06
MOTHER EXHUMED ON
THEORY OF POISONING

Sioux Fills. S. D.-Contending
that their mother was poisoned, the
children OF Mrs. BERT Boyum, who
died at her home e Baltic last
December. have been successful in
their efforts to have the body of their
mother eXhumed. This was done by
Coroner Miller INC the contents of
the stomach have been removed and
sent to a laboratory in Chicago for
examination for poison. The children
of the dead woman came to Sioux
Falls a week or two 6 and de-
manded that the body be ,eXhumed.
To satisfy them a %coronor's jury was
summoned, and, after an investiga-
tion returned a verdict to the eff
feet that the woman came to her
death from natural causes. Dissatis-
fled with this verdict, the children
insisted on the body. being exhumed
and the contents of the stomach eX-
amined, and now the county author
tiles have acceded to their demands.
The contention of the children that
their mother was poisoned has Great
ed a sensation among the residents of
the Baltic neighborhood. 1t is eX-
pected it will be about a week before
a report is received from the chem
list, who will make an analysis of the
contents of the stomach of the dead
WOman
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1913-11-06
&HANEY,
Attorneys for Plaintiff.
SELL INTOXICATING
LIQUORS.

NOTICE is HEREBY GIVEN,
That Davidson Hotel Co., has this
day filed in my office an application
for a permit to sell intoxicating
liquors at retails at the building
situated on Lots 10 and 20, Block
10, Original Plat in the End Ward,
of the City of Mitchell, County of
Dawson, and State of South Dakota,
and that said application will be
heard by the City Council of said
City on the 3rd day of November,
1913, at s O'Clock p. M, at the
Council Chambers in the City Hall,
at which time any person or persons
may appear before said corporate
authorities and give any reason why
such license should not be received
or permit granted to sell %intoxicat-
ing liquors at retail.
Dated at Mitchell, S. d., October
18th, 1913
N. H. JENSEN,
City Auditor.
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1913-11-06
N N UNDER ENGINE
BUT LIFE is SAVED

Belle Fourche, S. D.-To drop
through a bridge with a traction en-
CINE and be pinned down by the
ponderous machine and yet escape
with his life was the thrilling eX-
p%erience of Joseph Elpeli, a rancher
living west of here near the South
Dakota Wyoming boundary line.
When man and machine struck the
bottom of the creek Elpeli was pin
ned down between the steering
wheel and the watertank, but for
t%unately the two did not come close
enough together to crush Elpeli. I'm
TIL his predicament was discovered
and he was released only about two
inches of space stood between him.
self and death. The tank had to be
chopped into small pieces before the
imprisoned man could be released.
Fire from the engine also added to
the horror of his situation and for "A
time he feared he would be burned
to death. Although he escaped with
his life, Elpeli vas badly bruised and
cut and is not yet out of danger.
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1913-11-06
ENROLMENT OF
VOTERS is OVER
NEARLY ONE THOUSAND WILL
BE ELIGIBLE FOR MARCH
PARTY PRIMARIES.

Nearly three-fourths of the voters
OF Mitchell. approximately 1000, will
be eligible to cast their ballots in
the party primaries next March. The
enrolment books which close with
the finish of business in the office
of the city auditor this afternoon,
showed at 2 o'clock this afternoon
that 931 voters had registered their
names and party preferences.
The republican party has a heavy
lead in the number of voters enrolled
The democrats are second, with the
socialists third and the prohibition
lists fourth. The ''drys" mustered a
strength of but nine voters in the en-
tire city, while the socialists follow
ers enrolled to the number of 80.
The feature of the enrolment in
the past few days has been the growth
of the democratic enrolment, which
had been outnumbered by 2 to /.
Many university students also have
signified their intentions of partici.
pating in the primaries, although
their enrolment has been compare
lively light.
The Fourth ward will easily have
the heaviest enrolment, as 298 vot.
ers were on the list this afternoon
The First ward is second with .244
There are $50 voters registered in
the Second ward and 200 in the
Third. According to the enrolment
books, there are approximately coo
voters in Mitchell who will be ineli.
gible to participate in the spring pri
maries.
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1913-11-06
NOTICE OF PRIVATE SALE.
State of South Dakota, County of

State of South Dakota, County of
Dawson, SIS.
In County Court.
In the matter of the estate of Min
ME r.. Brown, deceased.
To whom it may C Pursu-
ant to an order of said county court
made on the 25th day of October,
1913, the undersigned executor of
said estate will sell the following
lands belonging to said estate towit:
The west one-half OVID of the
north west quarter (NWA) of section
eleven cd, township one hundred
three (l03), range sixty (6O), west
of the 5th P. M, in Dawson county,
South Dakota.
Said lands to be sold at private
sale on, or after, the 18th day of
November. 1918, the terms of said
sale will be cash in hand paid on
confirmation of sale and delivery of
executors deed.
Offers or bids for said land will be
received by the undersigned execu-
tor at his office in the First Nation
al bank building en- Main street in
Mitchell, Dawson county, South Da-
kota, and all bids must be in writing.
Dated, October 25th, 1913.
LOUIS j. WEIGH,
Executor.
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1913-11-06
HOWARD
FROM TWO FACTIONS

Aberdeen, S. D.-Judge A. w.
chairman of the Howard
republican club, organized for the
purpose of promoting the candidacy
of Colonel Chas. A. Howard for the
republican nomination for United
States Senator, has announced the
following executive committee: A. F..
Milligan, C. j. Mcleod, Isaac Lincoln,
II. c. Jewett. George N. Williamson.
j. II. McKeever, j. l.. Browne, O..
A. Swanson. Frank A. Brown, w. c..
Allen and Theo. Wosnuk. The execu-
tive committee and Chairman Camp
bell will attend to the work of organ
izing Howard clubs in different parts
of the state, and to promoting, gener-
ally, the candidacy of the Aberdeen
man. OF the executive committee,
Milligan, Mcleod, Williamson, Brow
ne and Swanson are %stalwarts, Lin
coin, McKeever, Brown, Allen and
Wosnuk are progressives, and Jewett
is a former democrat.
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1913-11-06
ed by such an actor as Mr.. White
IN STOCKS
BOUGHT IN EAST
PURCHASER IN SOUTH DAKOTA
MUST ASSUME ALI RISK.

Pierre, S. D.-The question of the
power of the state securities depart
ment in handling the sale of stocks
by correspondence on the part of
brokers in eastern cities has been
raised, and the holding is practically
that the state officials have no con
troll e the actions of residents of
other states in their business in this
state by correspondence, and such
control only begins when they come
into South Dakota in such selling ca
pacity. The protection of the securi-
ties department in such cases. is only
that to those who desire to know in
regard such stocks from the depart
ment, as to whether or not they are
listed stocks with the department. If
not, it is at the peri lof the investor
If he purchases. and desires to take
the risk.
On the matter of the manner of
computing good time of an inmate in
the penitentiary. when half time is
being computed for parole, it is held
by the encouragement that such
computation shall consider the good
time allowance as deducted from the
year. For instance, on the first year
of confinement a prisoner is allowed
sixty days for good time, and his year
will be considered to have expired at
the end of ten months ii he has earn
ed his good time allowance; and in
twenty months for two years, with
the other good time allowances for
further years to he taken into con-
sideration on computing half time
for the right of parole.