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New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-01-26
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their shops any longer. Unreasonable
fines must be abolished.
do you realize the handicap OF dis
ease that these workers have TO contend
with while they work for pittance?
Here are some figures OF the Joint Board
of Sanitary Control: OF 500 persons ex-
amnea, physicians found that 5O2 were
. diseased, some In more than one form;
23l were afflicted with general maladies,
III with diseases OF the nerves and spe-
cial senses, 60 with circulatory diseases,
40 with respiratory diseases. 16S with di-
gestive diseases and So with genito-ur-
nary diseases 1t Is estimated that there
are at present from 500 to 800 cloakmakers
In our eighteen hundred shops suffering
from some form Of pulmonary tubercu-
losis alone.
These evils were in measure RENE
died for one branch OF the trade by the
protocol OF September 1910. BY II the
cloak and suit makers were guaranteed a
board OF arbitration, a grievance COM
mittee, board of sanitary control a
preferential. not a closed shop. and union
hours and wages. That agreement has
preserved peace in the cloak and suit
trade ever since.
But this Is no help to the rest of the
workers. There Is the girl who presses
seventy dozen skirts day. using seven
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-01-26

pound iron with every motion. She gets
SIPS. Out OF that she has to pay any
where from 20 to 20 cents week for the
electric power that costs her employer
from Il to IA cents. Charging her FOR the
power she uses the employer calls 'disci-
pllne. and says that II 1t weren't charged
for il would be wasted.
ITO be five minutes late means docking
for half an hours wages. That's another
kind OF discipline. Thread alone costs
most girls at least 80 cents week.
Manufacturers claim that If they In
crease wages the cost of garments to the
consumer must be increased. They say,
too, that some workers are not worth
more than So a week. The horde of COM
petent workers ought not to be brought
down to the level OF the comparatively
few incompetents. AS the small manu-
facturer, who cannot fulfil the decent de-
mands OF workers. must be forced out OF
business unless by combination with
others he can become able to better his
methods so the worker who cannot meet
decent demands Of employers must be
forced TO seek other work
I'm the white goods trade only Q per
cent are employed at full wages all the
year round The shops doing stock work
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-01-26

Then, too. there were the Female Gar
deners' Association and the Ancient Vir-
gins
with the progress Of women In indus
trial life came progress Of unions. In
1872 there were flfty-two unions of women
in the United States. At present there
are more than 100 unions Of women.
1T is estimated that over seven million
women are wage earners to-day in the
United States. According to the Census
Bureau report, 1,S15.00o women are en-
gagged in the manufacture Of cloth and
clothing. and the majority OF women In
the clothing trade earn less than 81.
Women engage in the peaceful voca-
tons, yet DR.. Joseph Strong said that
our peaceful vacations cost more lives
every two days than all We lost in battle
during our war with Spain.
Our strike has been declared for demo-
cratic principles. We want wages that
girls and women can live on honestly.
We want home work abolished and child
labor laws enforced-laws that are easily
evaded under the gulse of home work.
We want sanitary and safe quarters to
work In. We want a flfty-hour week, in
stead of the one of sixty hours that
many OF our women are putting In now.
We want to be paid every week, and in
cash. We refuse to help employers equip
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-01-26
Tie CzoxoZ Csvacayc E0@<SosL.

them with valor and fortitude and they
have deprived Venezuela Of the man who
consecrated his powers 70 conduct her TO
another and higher ideal in the near fut-
ure.
Most honorable judges, j know sicn
crime has filed the whole OF Venezuela
with terror. but / know. too, that above
everything stands justice, and for this
reason / appeal TO the tribunal according
TO the provisions of our constitution, and
formally accuse General Cipriano Castro,
President Of the United states Of Ven
ezuela, and domiciled In Caracas, OF the
crime of homicide"
But 1t Is unlikely that the government
of Venezuela will ever try TO bring Cen
eral Castro before the bar OF justice on
the charge of murder SO far as public
opinion goes. he is already convicted. His
conscience-only General Castro can tell
about that.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-01-26

rr%HEY stitch. stitch. stitch, in pow
erty. hunger and dirt,
Il Forty thousand women in New
York City alone belong to the Ladies'
Waist and Dress Makers Union. Fully
so per cent Of these are girls OF fifteen
and sixteen.
Fifteen thousand women in New York
City alone belong TO the Wrapper and
Kimono Makers Union. Probably 60 per
cent OF these are between fifteen and six
teen.
Another fifteen thousand belong 20 the
Union of White Goods Workers-those
who make dainty underwear and night
dresses.
Besides these there are the Cloak and
Suit and Skirt Workers Union. the Chill
dren's Dressmakers' Union, the Corset
makers Union and the Ladies Tailors'
Union. All belong TO the International
Ladies' Garment Workers Union.
In poverty. hunger and dirt their eager
fingers hasten to fashion graceful cloaks,
beautiful shirtwaists and fine hand-em-
broidered lingerie for their well-to-do Sis
tiers to wear. While the neglected, under
fed children of their own household shud-
der with the cold, some Of these women
and girls are making comfortable, pretty
garments for children whom want has
never even approached.
And for this slavery TO the comforts OF
the fortunate what is their reward?
Wages ranging from 50 to S. a week.
Most of them get less than s..
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-01-26
Baron AID. De Meyer
Continued from second page.

in my life The King sat like a block
used to sitting on thrones and things, l
suppose--and didn't seem to mind II, eX-
cept toward the end q had him sit for AZ
least two minutes) when he showed signs
Of nervousness.
well, the girls in the garden had no
idea the King was in the studio, and so
they peered In and seemed very much
interested I'm what sort Of picture I was
making. The King enjoyed tat least. II
seemed TO me he did. He was very erl-
cious. and | noticed he was very mucn
interested in seeing what kind Of wash
ing the girls were doing. He came en-
tirely alone to my studio in two-horse
brougham.
The next time l took the Kings pho
tograph 7 went to Buckingham Palace.
There were any amount OF people stand
ing about The queen was all the tine
giving advice to me as to how | had bet
ter do in order to get the best picture.
but whenever the King himself made any
suggestions Queen Alexandra would say:
Now. | expect Baron De Meyer knows A
LOT more about IL than you do; better let
him do as he thinks best
Baron De Meyer will return 10 England
I'm the spring. He is absorbed i'm develop
ing his garden. near Windsor, at place
that King George has leased 10 him, and
where. he says. he expects to have one
Of the most wonderful flower gardens IN
England I'm comparatively short tine
ut is to contain masses OF everything
that is blue in nature" said the baron,
enthusiastically, surrounded by walls OF
azure. You have no idea what heaut-
full thing II Is 10 get all the blue flowers
in creation together.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-01-26

Castro all the greater However. IT ended
there. for Castro was the state and no
one dared openly To question his authority
10 violate the constitution. rs he had done
innumcrablc times before-even TO killing
several Of his countrymen.
Nevertheless. the mutterings Of horror
and of revenge. though suppressed, were
felt bv Castro. He was not in the habit
Of making apologies or explanations for
his acts but apparently he. too. felt the
horror Of the valiant men floating In the
Orinocr with bullet holes in their bodies.
They had been killed without q semblance
OF a court martial. and they were com
pclled to meet death with their hands tied
and their eyes bliudfolded. General Castro
decided that here was time for eNplana-
ton II was that he had nothing to do
with the killing Of General Paroles lie
stood by the official announcement or
their attempt 10 escape from their captors.
General Castro IL the only person who
can tell about the effect the slaughter has
had upon his conscience The only pun
ishment he has suffered, so far as the
world knows. is that the United States
has refused 20 admit him. II his four
years Of exile from his country have
softened the effect on his mind OF his act
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-01-26
EXCESSIVE HOURS COMMON.

Work in many instances sixty hours a
week. though our law states that no one
under sixteen may work over eight hours
daily. and for those over sixteen the day
shall be only nine hours long.
Work where there is no safe means OF
escape from possible fire nor from con-
slant foul air and bad light. That is not
all. In many factories the workers must
pay. out OF their less than living wages,
for the use of power. needles, machine
straps. etc. that they may keep their
grinding masters plant in good repair at
the expense Of their own poor bodies,
which when worn out he can replace at
no cost to himself.
In many shops the employees are re-
CURED to buy their thread from their en-
ployers, at regular retail prices usually,
sometimes at an even higher rate. A
worker gets cent for making three
dozen buttonholes. For 2z cents she
binds one dozen corset covers. hem, neck
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-01-26
CONTROLLING CHILD LABOR.

1T is difficult to control child labor De-
cause home workers are chiefly employer
as ribboners and hand embroidcrers. l"s
work is done mostly I'm Italian homes anu
mere babies often have to earn their Nv
ing by bending over beribboned garments
The National Child Labor Committee
conducting an active campaign Tor ue
abolition of home work In every manu-
featuring line. The committee is there
fore especially interested in the present
strike situation in this city
THE Joint Board of Sanitary Contio'
reports 25,69l workers employed on OF
above the sixth floor and $500 above the
twelfth floor The loft zone OF the isiahu
offers peculiar conditions, ana uhe h''
protection in these buildings cannot ''
solved by fire escapes, drop LADDERS "'e
extinguishers and fire buckets. soiie
radical changes must be made in the FORM
of construction. There are about eis"l
hundred small shops employing only
very few persons. IL would be great
economic and sanitary gain 10 eliminate
these very small shops, because shop
employing less than ten persons cannon
afford to observe proper sanitary cond''
tons.
The shops. from and including tho
north side Of 18th street to 35th street, are
the best In the sanitary sense, though
practically all are in lofts. Az the shops
from Houston street, east and west "
and including the south OF 18th street,
have the worst conditions Here smah
shops abound, employing three. five or
fifteen persons. Fire danger there Is not
great. but sanitation is very bad. rms
quarter Is the centre OF the contracting
shops. there being over two hundred con-
tractor shops and over fifty sub-con'
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-01-26
DFATII ORDER GIVEN IN 1906 KEEPS CASTRO ON ELLIS ISLAND

the martyrs whose bodies were thrown
into the waters of the Orinoco?"
Somewhere in the dusty archives Of ths
Venezuelan courts there are the papers
detailing the crime and charging Castro
with murder. Even while General Castro
was still President the brother Of General
Paroles, living at that time in Berlin, for
warded the charges to Caracas, knowing
that President Castro's own courts and
officials would not take any action.
The charges have been filed against
General Castro, but no action has ever
been taken, even since General Castro left
Venezuela, to try him on the charges
Hector Luis Paroles said in his charges
against General Castro
"The sublime heroism Of the martyrs
was too overwhelming for the assassins.
The oppressors of Venezuela FASTENED TO
kill the enemy who had always fought
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-01-26
LEADER OF THE STRIKE.

Miss Gertrude Barnum believes that
these deplorable conditions can be rene
died by like determined action through
out the country. Miss Barnum, who is
general organizer of the International
Ladies' Garment Workers Union, and
has planned many a strike. has devoted
her life to this work for her less fortu-
nate sisters, though she herself is by
birth of the patrician class. She is the
| daughter Of ex-Judge William II. Bar
mum, OF the Circuit Court of Illinois.
With the composure and grace OF "A
woman of leisure and with the clear di-
RICHNESS OF a lawyer and voice that
falls in the pleasant cadences OF genuine
refinement she tells the story Of the
cause she espoused two decades ago
II was In a dingy little room in a
23d street boarding house that the re-
porter found her. The faded green carpet,
with its once gorgeous pink roses. seemed
only less worn than the hit or miss furni-
ture. But what does a strike leader
care?" flashed a thought.
But this strike leader proved to be none
Of the oldtme Amazonian type. She
has the eternal feminine love OF home
and family-else why. even in her haste.
did she strew the old-fashioned marble
mantel with pictures Of both?
my home?" she replied to the caller
"Why, IL seems to be where trouble Is.
To be sure, my girlhood was spent In Chi
cago, but ever since my college days I've
supported myself and lived everywhere.
Not that there was a break with my
family she FASTENED 10 add, though
for years they disapproved of my work.
just wanted to be independent. Now
all Of them are really interested"
She waived further personalities in her
enthusiasm over her work.
'Since the birth of our modern factory
system. in the latter part of the eighteenth
century" said she, efforts, with varying
success have been made to protect work
ers from its abuses. The labor unions
showed one phase of effort. AS early as
1888, in England. the Grand Lodge Of
Operative Bonnet Makers was hourishing.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-01-26

usually employ from one hundred TO four
hundred workers, and their season tends
to be longer and steadier than shops
doing order york only.
Girls under sixteen years are usually
employed as ribboners, or floor girls. in
the white goods trade. The majority do
section work and do not make the whole
garment, hence but little training except
for speed is required. Most OF the tne
work is done in American shops. where
employees make the whole garment These
are by necessity the most skilled laborers.
Probably 90 per cent OF the cheap work
Is done in Jewish shops
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-01-26

and armholes. For cents she closes two
dozen seams.
She is even locked for the time con-
sumed in the fire drill necessary to her
safety.
1t is no wonder. then. that over a hun
dred thousand of these toilers have re-
VOTED in this city lately.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-01-26
ZINE years ago the writer was ac-

VINE wears ago the writer was ac-
nj corded the rare privilege OF in
l. terviewing General Cipriano Cas-
tro at the Mirahores Palace, in Caracas.
The President of Venezuela was at that
time in the full glory of his dictatorship.
He had "vanquished' the navies OF the
world and right at that time he was de-
fyinr the United States in the matter of
seuiestering the asphalt property OF an
American company. One of the condi-
tons on which the general granted the
interview was that he was to see the
story before il was sent north for pub
Hcation. He read the written interview
and returned it without change or suG-
gestion. The following day-it was sun
day-President Castro and his Caolnet
went to Los Teques, short distance
from the capital, to take part in the
dedication exercises of new aqueduct.
From Los Teques Senior Gustavo Sana-
bria. Minister of Foreign Affairs, called
the writer on the telephone and told nm
that the general had decided that ne
would like 10 make a change in the inter-
view. He did not like the comparison
made in the article between himself and
President Porfirio Diaz of Mexico. Sald
Sefor Sanabria: THE general says mat
he would like that changed because ne
never caused the execution of any one
Besides the bearing of this message on
the present narrative, il shows how Cen
eral Castro. even with big problems on
hand, always had his acute mind on the
details.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-01-26

Il leaked out that they were executed on'
an order received by the military COM
mander from Caracas, which read simply;
"Shoot them all at daybreak' only one
man in Venezuela dared to give an order
like that: the order Of only one man IN
the country for such summary action
would be obeyed. The man was President
Cipriano Castro. 1t was the first instance
of it's kind in the history of the country
filed as it was with all sorts of lawless
exploits of a Gunpowder nature, ana II
aroused the nation. The laws of Nenez-
uela expressly forbid capital punishment,
and no provision is made for the death
by court martial OF any one who takes
up arms against the government
The act was the will of General Castro
exasperated by continually having TO eX-
pend money to keep himself in power
Tyrants of the Castro stripe. hampered
by the law in the determination of their
enemies, had before that time resorted 10
the more medieval method of putting
their enemies out OF the way by the slow
process of Imprisonment in foul, unsani-
tary prisons. But this thing Of following
the example of Abdul Hamd. who had his
victims thrown into the Bosporous, was
new 10 Venezuela. The social standing
and military prestige Of General Paroles
made the indignation against President
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-01-26
INCITING AGAINST A DESPOT.

In another two weeks II will be SIX
EARS since General Paroles and his com
rades landed in Venezuela to iniiame the
nation to revolt in an effort to wrest 1t
from the despoiling despot at Caracas.
Not much was heard from the invaders
after they arrived at Pedernales, in the
State Of Maturin. in the eastern part OF
the republic. And then within a week or
so came the news that the expedition
aries had been captured by the govern
ment forces. There was another lull in
the tidings TO friends of the men who
had taken upon themselves the redemp-
ton of their country.
One day, not long after the capture OF
General Paroles and his companions in
arms, several bodies were found floating
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-01-26
HE WOULD LIKE TO FORGET.

But this declaration by General cas-
tro that he had no blood on his hanos
and no Banquo ghosts that he wished to
eliminate from his mind was made three
wears before the execution of General An
tonic Paroles. There was perhaps no OF
hcial act in the nine years of President
Castro's reckless administration of affairs
of Venezuela that he would forget ana
have forgotten more completely than ne
would the killing OF General Paroles
And It was the latter's death, more than
ALI the other reasons combined. that now
keeps General Castro in the Bastile on
Ellis Island, literally between the United
States and the high sea.
General Paroles was young man Vi
good family in Venezuela. He had DIS
tinguished himself as military man. ana
he was ambitious. Also he was man
without fear, otherwise he would never
have undertaken to lead an instruction
against the then strongly intrenched
President Castro. But he had faced dam
ger at close quarters before, and while
some Of his friends advised him that his
movement could but come TO grief, there
were still others who gave him encour-
apement OF course, he listened TO the
latter. General Paroles did not lack the
means and the physical support essential
10 the proper organization of an armed
uprising; he had courage and his patriot
ism was unquestioned. He had no idea
that he would be made President If his
Instruction succeeded; but he had deep
hatred for General Castro, engendered by
patriotic motives. and he was determined
TO rid his country of the dictator. He
launched his military expedition in News
York. lie supervised personally the buy
ing Of the necessary war material and
went forth 10 battle only after his plans
L.d hen ,,,oSt careftillv laid
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-01-26
An Authority on LatinAmerican Affairs, Who Called
Upon the Former Dictator Of Venezuela in His Palace
at Caracas When He Was at the Height Of His
Power, Thinks Staying Of Paroles Prime
Cause in Castros Present Humiliation.

in the Orinoco River. One was that OF
the stalwar, Paroles and the others were
those Of the men who had enlisted IN MS
cause "They were shot while trying TO
escape" was the official announcement
made of the death of the men. Gradually
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-01-26

Continued on seventh page
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1913-01-08
Farmers Educational
mi and Cooperative
Il Union of America
Matters # Especial Momentto
the Progressive Agicnlturist

There Is no place for the kicker
in Texas these days.
Some. people get along whether they
have license to or not.
The business side of farming Is the
weak place with many.
Raise mules. They are legal tender
IN Texas. or anywhere else.
That mansis failure who runs In
debt to pay running expenses.
The hen has helped to lay the foun.
dation for many farm success.
How much have you decided to re.
duce the cotton acreage this year?
Don't kick another fellows dog
around, and don't let him kick yours.
A boy remembers his mothers
turn-overs with more Joy than his ia.
there.
Many north Texas counties report
Ae largest acreage of oats ever
planted.
When a man tries 90 make himself
look beautiful he steals vaman's
patent right
It Is more important to profaaes
the yield Of anything at the smallest
cost than It is to produce the largest
yield regardless Of cost.
Prof. Massey says that the reading
farmers-the book farmers-are to be
the successful farmers Of the future.
They are also the successful farmers
Of today.
II the farmer does not have the "fat
Of the land" at home. it Is his own
fault, for fruits, nuts, berries, vege'
tables, untainted eggs, broilers, fry.
ers and roasts, juicy, are at his COM
mand.