davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Elk City mining news. (Elk City, Idaho) 1903-1913, 1913-03-20
The Fire Fly.

The FREELY produces light in a
very efficient way. The spect-
rum of the emitted light consists
of narrow band in the yellow
ish-green portion of the visible
rays, apparently unaccompanied
by any emissions in the ultra
violet or ultra-red portions.
When oxygen is absent no light
is given out, and the light is not
necessarily connected with the
life of the insect. The abdomi-
nal material, when dried and
powdered, may be kept for two
years, and it will then emit light
if moistened and exposed to
oxygen. AS yet chemistry has
been unable to duplicate this re-
suit.
Elk City mining news. (Elk City, Idaho) 1903-1913, 1913-03-20
pepvs and His SpectacIes.

Pepys In his famous diary tells of
those devices which he used when his
eyes began to fail him, Aug. 81. 1868:
"The month ends mighty sadly with
me, my eyes being now past all use
almost. and l am mighty let upon try
ing the late printed experiment Of pa
per tubes" A few days later he Is
nightly pleased with trial have
made of the use of a tube-spectacle of
paper. tried with my right eye" And
so 1t goes on. the tube being used first
for one eye. then for the other, and
finally he has wizard, into which a
tube for both eyes with glass in it is
fastened. 1t was of no use. and the
diary had to be discontinued. But
Pepys lived and saw and prospered
for many years after ne had given up
tubes and glasses.
Elk City mining news. (Elk City, Idaho) 1903-1913, 1913-03-20

many places. An unusual fea-
ture is that the ground is gen.
orally frozen under the snow.
The present outlook is for an ex-
cessive waterhow in the streams
of the northern end of the state,
including the Clearwater; about
the average flow in the Salmon
and Weiser rivers and the small
streams heading in the Seven
Devils mountains; and a defici-
ent flow in the remaining streams
of the state, particularly in the
Owyhee mountains and along the
eastern border. With normal
conditions prevailing during the
spring the melting should take
place rather slowly.
Elk City mining news. (Elk City, Idaho) 1903-1913, 1913-03-20
Mount Mazama was Possibly
HIGHEST In United States

The highest mountain in Ore
gon is Mount Hood, 11,225 feet
above sea level. Compared with
Mount Whitney, to the south in
California, and Mount Rainier,
to the north in Washington, each
rising well above $4,000 feet,
Mount Hood does not appear as
a skyscrapper. However, ac-
cording to the geologlsts of the
United States Geological Survey
and other authorities, Oregon had
at one time, probably before the
dawn of life upon the earth, a
great volcano which lowered as
Elk City mining news. (Elk City, Idaho) 1903-1913, 1913-03-20

far above Mount Hood as does
Mount Rainier, possibly even
several thousand feet higher.
This was the great Mount Ma
zama. But thousands of years
ago this mountain disappeared
into the bowels of the earth and
all that is left today is the huge
rim around Crater Lake.
Crater lake is the caldera Of
this extinct and collapsed vol
cano and is nearly 6 miles in dia-
meter. The inside walls of the
rim of the ancient mountain are
in places nearly 1000 feet high
and almost perpendicular. The
lake itself is in places 1000 feet
deep and parts Of the wall rise
above it's waters another 2,000
feet. A restoration of the noun
tain in fancy, using as basis
the angles of the lower slopes,
which still remain, shows that
the apex could not have been far
from $1,000 feet in height, so
that Mount Mozama was one of
the most lofty and majestic peaks
in the United States.
Elk City mining news. (Elk City, Idaho) 1903-1913, 1913-03-20
Queer Bits From India.

In "Omens and Superstitions of
Southern india" Edgar Thurston, the
author, says:
"On one occasion, when l was in
camp at Coimbatore. the oddes ia
borers). being afraid of my evil eye,
refused to fire new kiln Of bricks for
the new club chambers until l had TAX
en- my departure. On another occasion
| caught hold of ladle to show my
friend DR.. Rivers what were the fra
grant contents of a pot In which an
odde woman was cooking the evening
meal On returning from walk we
heard a great noise proceeding from
the odde men, who had meanwhile re-
turned from work, and found the wo-
man seated apart on a rock and sob
bing. She had been accommodated,
not because l touched the ladle, but
because she had afterward touched the
not"
Elk City mining news. (Elk City, Idaho) 1903-1913, 1913-03-20
FREEZING WATER.
Conditions That Cause the Bursting or
Cracking of Ice.

Ice never bursts from freezing. AS
posed is frozen solid expansion ceases.
The cracking or bursting of ice is
brought about in this way: When wa
ter is subjected to extreme cold Ice
crystals will gradually form on its sur
face until the same are covered with
thin coat of what appears to be wet
snow. From this outer coating of ice
crystals all subsequent freezing goes
downward, the ice thickening accord
ing to the degree Of cold. The water
which is being converted into ice now
begins to expand, creating a pressure
upon the unfrozen water below. This
pressure is both downward and out
ward, and in case the water under OF
servation is in a vessel the sides and
bottom of the receptacle supply the L,
sistance.
AS the freezing process continues the
pressure upon the confined water and
air in the interior of the bulk increases
until something yields. If the vessel
be stronger than the ice stratum that
has formed over the surface the layer
of ice will be bent upward at the cen
ter, that being the weakest point, on
account of the fact that the outer
edges Of the CONCEALED mass are frozen
| fast to the sides Of the vessel IN which
the experiment is being made. In this
condition the center of the ice contin.
ues to rise or bulge until it bursts
from the resistance Of the water below
/ Could the vessel be tapped from below
and the water drawn off no amount OF
! freezing would be sufficient to- crack
or bulge the ice layer on the surface.
Elk City mining news. (Elk City, Idaho) 1903-1913, 1913-03-20
The Earliest Mining Of
Gold in Ancient Egypt.

Gold has been known and
priced by man from remote ages.
1t probably first attracted atten-
tion because Of it's beautiful
yellow color. The ease with
which it could be worked and
the permanence of it's luster,
coupled with its rarity, served to
place and keep it first among the
precious metals. Aside from it's
important uses for coinage pur-
poses and for the fabrication of
jewelry for personal adornment,
it was early used for various ar
tistic purposes, as for decorating
statuary, paintings, architectural
ornaments, etc.
So far as is known, the oldest
gold mines of the world were in
Egypt. They were worked for
the enrichment of the early Egyp-
tian kings nearly 1000 years B.
G.. 1t is said that the second
Ptolomy took great riches from
these mines. The mining of gold
is, then, the oldest branch of min
ing of which we have record.
The industry of gold mining has
continued to gather impetus
through the ages. The estimat-
ed gold output of the world dur
ing the past year, 1912, was
about $467, 100000 and since the
discovery of America about $15,-
900, ,000,000 Although some Of
the monarchs of antiquity were
rich, they had no sources of golC
that could compare with the
great gold mines of the presen
time, yet it is stated that the
ancient Egyptian mines men
toned yielded some $40, 900, ,00(
recovered by crude methods b.
slaves and prisoners, who wer'
literally worked to death. Min
ing and Engineering World.
Stamps on the Rand tota
10,006, and tube-mills 286. tn
average proportion being l tub
mill to 35 stamps.
Elk City mining news. (Elk City, Idaho) 1903-1913, 1913-03-20
At a Diaadva nta qe..

"a newly married man always has
great confidence In the superior wis
dom of his wife,"
Naturally" replied Miss Cayenne.
"a man who has been accustomed to
eating with plain knives, forks and
spoons is likely to feel pretty humble
and subdued while he is being instruct
ed in the use of all the silverware that
came with the wedding presents
Washington Star.
Elk City mining news. (Elk City, Idaho) 1903-1913, 1913-03-20
CONCENTRATES.

From the Mining and Scientific Press.
Dies which have been concret-
ed in mortar-boxes have given
great satisfaction in that they
are held solidly in place and the
wear is more even than when
they are secured in the ordinary
way. 1t is also found easier to
clean out the boxes when nee
essary.
Locations cannot lawfully be
made or perfected to patent for
purposes or uses foreign to those
of mining or the development of
mineral. Formerly many loca-
tions were made to hold ground
containing springs, or good for
grazing, power-sites, timber, etc.
Under the present rigid field ex-
animation before approving the
entry for patent, such bluff
locations cannot be patented,
though they remain as locatiors
until the interests of public
policy or the protest of some one
with a better right to the land
causes their removal.
Lands withdrawn for power
sites and reservoirs were former
ly invariably closed to location,
especially where locations might
interfere with the purposes of
The withdrawal. Though the
Land Department said that a 10
cation made prior to the with
drawal would be upheld, if a
valid one, that is, founded on
actual discovery by the locator
of a valuable deposit of mineral
within the limits Of the claim,
and maintained in accordance
with the mining laws and regu-
lations applicable, it also said
that the withdrawal of land for
irrigation or reclamation projects
did not withdraw it from mineral
location. In general, it was con-
sidered that the miner making a
location on withdrawn area
was entitled to a preferred right
to make a valid location upon the
removal of the withdrawal, if no
greater right. Locations have
been made on this principle upon
Indian and military reservations,
but it is a poor method to pursue
for the authorities are usually
antagonized by the trespassing
of the locator. However, the
land-withdrawal law passed by
congress June 25, 1910, now per-
mits mineral locations upon with
drawn areas and clearly defines
the present rights.
Elk City mining news. (Elk City, Idaho) 1903-1913, 1913-03-20
The Growing Importance
of the Rare Minerals.

III lile hdre MlllGrdlS.
Although the subject has been
touched upon a number of times
in these columns, it may be found
profitable to prospectors from
time to time to call their atten-
tion to the growing importance
of the so-called rare elements
and the minerals containing them
and point out the desirability cf
searching for them as we'll as for
the better known gold, silver,
lead, copper, and zinc-bearing
minerals. 1t is that the search
for gold has always appealed
strongly to adventurous nature.
and their search has often been
richly rewarded. One reason for
this is that gold has always been
as good as coin, and another that
free gold is easily recognized and
no special study is required to fit
a man so that he may find it. In
the early days the so-called edu-
Gated man was rare among pros
pectors. and pioneer gold seekers.
Conditions have been gradually
changing, however. Many of
the commercially valuable min
erals are not as easily recognized
as gold, copper, lead and some
of the other minerals, and the
prospector who would hunt for
them with success has required
more and more knowledge of the
physical and chemical character
istics of minerals and the tests
by which they might be recog-
nized.
In quite recent years scientif C
researches and industrial pro-
G ess have been inseparable and
rapidly growing demands have
been made for many natural pro-
ducts that previously had nc
market value. The investiga-
tion of the rare metals was be-
gun for purely scientific reasons.
The things that are difficult tc
! find out are the things the pure
scientist is most determined tt
discover. The pecuniary reward
is lost sight of and he works fol
scientific achievements only. His
results, however, often prove o1
immense value to the industria
world, as has been the case o-
) the rarer elements until the mar
ket for them and the ores con
. tanning them has been greatly
, increased. Successful prospect
ing for them, however, often re
: quires considerable training il
: geology, mineralogy and chemis
try that was not needed by tn,
. old-time pioneers. Prospecting
$ is now being reduced to a scien
: tifc basis. The present-day pros
l pector who would make the mos
of his opportunities must be wei
informed in the branches, o
. science which will aid him in hi
$ search, so that he may be quiel
Il to recognize wealth that the un
r. trained prospector would fail t
l. find. Mining and Engineering
II World.
h Mount Mazdma was Possibly
Elk City mining news. (Elk City, Idaho) 1903-1913, 1913-03-20
Depih Of SnOW In Idaho in February.

The month was notable for
light precipitation and continued
low temperature. The average
precipitation for the entire state
was, with one exception, the
least on record for February.
Most of the precipitation was in
the form of snow, but the snow
fall was far below normal, par
ticularly in the central and south
ern parts of the state. On the
other hand, the continued low
temperature prevented melting,
and at the higher levels most of
the snowfall of the winter re-
mains on the ground. The snow
having fallen early in the winter,
is unusually compact, and while
there was little wind in Febru-
airy, the high winds of January
left the snow in great drifts il.
Elk City mining news. (Elk City, Idaho) 1903-1913, 1913-03-20
CENTER STAR
UNDER BOND
Taken Over by PittSburg
Capitalists.
Engineer Now on Ground Making
Examination.

The Center Star mine is again
under bond, this time to Pitts
burg capitalists, who now have
their engineer on the ground
making an examination.
Ever since the New York
parties who held a bond on the
property three years ago quit
work, the owners have been dill
gently developing. While the
New York people did consider
able work, it was always a puz-
zle to miners that they never
cross-cut the vein at any one
point. They drove cross-cut
tunnel 318 it., and after going
some distance beyond the foot
wall, started to drift, thinking
thinking they were on the hang
ing wall. After drifting some
200 ft. they started two or three
cross-cuts but never completed
them, and the ore found on the
surface was not picked up,
When the owners, Messrs Muir
ply, Tiedeman and Brown
started work they opened a new
drift, which they drove some
25O it,, and in a small cross-cut
picked up the ore. The ore at
this point is of the same charac-
ter as on the surface, and pans
quite free.
The work in the tunnel was
stopped for awhile and some sur
face work taken up, which shows
the ore shoot to be much longer
than at first opened.
The vein on the Center Stal
is very large, and so far has
never been cross-cut from wal
to wall. In one shallow tunne
the vein was cut for 80 ft. which
shows a fit. Of high grade hemi
tite ore, while the balance of tn,
vein is of a grade that will pay
to mill. The vein has a nortl
and south strike and dips to the
east about 60 degrees. Th'
lower workings cut the vein a
12O ft. below any of the uppe
works, and about $50 fit. below
the surface. The ore shoot ha
been opened some 800 fit. on tn,
surface. The owners have beel
at work at the mine this winter
and have exposed some good or
in the lower works.
L. <1ok .r, To
Elk City mining news. (Elk City, Idaho) 1903-1913, 1913-03-20

The Mining News for $2,.
The San Francisco call., 1913-08-01
BUILDING TRADES MAKE
]. ". B|BBY PRESIDENT
F. H. Pratt Is Retained as
Secretary of Alameda
County Body

OAKLAND, July s1.-The annual
election of officers of the Building
Trades council made j. W. Bibby presi-
dent. F. G. Stephenson was elected
vice president and the other officers
are: Recording and corresponding Sec
retary, Fred II. Pratt: financial secre-
tary-treas r. p. Gale; sergeant at
arms. Charles Croft; business agent,
]. A. Lloyd
The executive board includes W. L.
Kern, T. Westoby, J. ID. Barker, E. j.
Gibbons. Joseph Irthum, j. II. Reese,
G. Toyne, L. M. Dlmock. F. E. Butts
II. Schravesande. l.. w. Newton, w. F.
Harder r. ]. Webb. p. Finn. r. 0. Lee
e. j. Owens, A. Won Munich, II. c.
Parker, d. Sweeny. William Van Hal
tren. NJ Crow, F. G. Stephenson. J. n
Steiner ]. Laurence H. H. Belts, NJ
McDonoagh. John Coots, c. H. John
ston, Louis Carstens.
The trustees ere: F. J. Armstrong
f. M Dewar, w. F. Stanley. j. L.
Sternitzky and l. Dimock The com
mittees are: Organizing-T J. Court
ney, f. NJ. Rittler. w. Van Haltren, E.
]. Gibbons and E. Carter. Law and
legislative--T. Westoby, A. D. Camp
bell j. E. Fisher, r. f. Eberhardt and
E. J. Owens.
The San Francisco call., 1913-08-01
Italian American Car
nival Is ArOusing
Great Interest

OAKLAND. July 31-Miss Florence
Simas, Miss Anna Merko. Miss Anna 6.
Foster Miss Anna Tamm, Miss Minnie
Figoni and Miss Alice Murray have
been named in the contest for queen
of the fives day carnival. beginning
August IS, which will be given in West
Oakland under the auspices of the Ital-
ian-American league.
The young ladies are all from the
western section and have numerous
friends who are making a canvass OF
the city.
The ballot box in the Italian -AReri-
can bank. Eighth street and Broadway,
already contains more than 1000 votes.
S. 7. Rubino. chairman of the commit
tee. said today that additional boxes
would be placed.
Among the features Of the Mardj
Gras, which will be modelled along g
the line of the carnivals of Rome and
Florence, will be a parade, with many
picturesque floats and the marchers in
festival attire; daily musical programs,
in which some of the leading singers
of the bay city are to take part. and
unique decorations and lighting effects.
The San Francisco call., 1913-08-01
ACTOR TURNS BURGLAR
BECAUSE WIFE IS SICK
Proceeds of Crimes, HI
Insists, Went to Pay
Doctors Bills

OAKLAND. July 31.-George Francis,
accused of 19 burglaries. was charged
today upon the complaint of William
c. Young. 60s7 Telegraph avenue.
Young's home was robbed July % and
a revolver, watch and a small amount
of money was taken. The gun and
watch were found on Francis when
he was arrested yesterday.
Francis gave his history today to
Captain OF Inspectors Agnew. He said
he was part owner of the Lyceum the-
wife used to do turns on the stage
The fire left him destitute and he be-
came a burglar He was arrested In
1909 and given a prison sentence. being
released last September.
When he came out of prison. Fran
scis said, he discovered that his wife
was suffering with cancer. He re-
moved her to a sanatorium near Los
Angeles and went 70 work on the Los
Angeles aqueduct
My term In prison had undermined
my health" Francis said. 'and the
work, was too hard for me. AS last
resort, | went back to robbing houses
Since that time ! entered many homes
in Oakland. Berkeley, San Francisco
San Jose. Stockton, Sacramento and
other cities. | do not drink, smoke
or gamble and / have nothing left OF
the money and valuables ] stole. Every
cent of 1t was given for the medical
trea tment and care of my wife"
The San Francisco call., 1913-08-01
WATCHMAN is ACCUSED
OF RIFLINI SAFE
Complaint of Employer Leads Police
to Set Trap, Into Which
He EaIsa

OAKLAND, July 31.-Harold Bhlkley.
for years night watchman for the
United Electric Vehicle company, 1910
Telegraph avenue. fell into trap set
for him by the police early this morn
ing, and Is in jail facing an attempted
burglary charge.
Bulkley, who has been suspected of
small 'thefts for more than a month by
his employer, A. B. Swauger, entered
the store last night and was tampering
with the safe, of which he had the
combina ton, when he was placed under
arrest by Patrolman Peters and Dep
uty Sheriff Roland Carrick, who were
stationed on either side of the safe.
Bulkley was arrested several months
ago for negIectinE to provide for his
wife and minor child The case was
settled out of court.
The San Francisco call., 1913-08-01
OAKLAND BREVITIES

A span Of three high tension wires Of the Pa
cifc Gas and Electric company's feeders were
short circuited at sos o'clock last evening at
the Southern Pacific right OF way at Seminary
avenue. The unknown persons who tore down
the wires threw graphing hook over the span.
weighted down with a coffee pot filed with
stones. The only damage done was the stoppage
Of the streetears for several minutes and the
breaking of the wires.
The supreme court of the state will pass on
the merits of the controversy between the city
of Berkeley and the Pacific Telephone company
relative to the forfeiture of the bonds of the
Home Phone company when II was merged into
the Pacific company. City Attorney R. c. Stats
Yesterday fled notice of appeal from the de-
cision Of the superior court favorng the cor
pcratiop.
jumping into the estuary yesterday. D. Nc
Cornell saved the life Of j. $. Stapleton a
fellow workman. who had been struck by plank
aud bad fallen unconscious into the water.
Stapieton was taken to the receiving hospital
and found he suffering from concussion of the
bren and other injuries.
Reopening Of barber shops Sunday mornings is
TO be voted upon hy the BARRIERS unon. Under
union rules the shops have been closed Sundays
for two years or more. Some of the journey men
have been quoted as fayorfng change. by which
the shops will be opened between O'Clock and
noon sundays.
Eastern Star. celebrated the third anniversary OF
the organization of the chapter last evening in
Brooklyn Masonic temple: East Fourteenth street
aud Eighth avenue. 4 literary and musical pro-
gram given, followed by dancing and a
Dr. George G. Pomeroy is convalescinc at
Providence hospital after successful operation.
The trouble began with his work in the fire Of
1906.
President Mrs. f. Aoxley of the State Fed
Grafton OF Colored Women's Clubs. spoke on Our
Needs at toe second day of the seventh annual
session OF the club in the African Methodist
Episcopal church, Fifteenth and Market streets,
yesterday.
Members OF the Oakland Rotary club gathered
aft the weekly luncheon of the organization at
the Hotel Oakland yesterday. The proposal to
erect a building to house Rotary clubs at the
Pauafna Pacific exposition was postponed for con
sideration. r. A. Williams chosen
director to succeed C. Schrader. The Oakland
club will unite with the San Francisco Rotary
club at its luncheon at Walnut creek Sunday
Suit 70 forecIose mortgage for $4,000 has
been commenced by the Oakland Bank of Savings
against Sam Bell Wakefield. bond broker. and
his wife, isabelle. The mortgage is secured by
property at Eighth and Harrison streets.
The San Francisco call., 1913-08-01
EDMUND F. GREEN
RETURNS To CITY;
REFUSES TO TALK
Former President of Casu-
atty Company, Accused of
Irregularities, Back
From North

Edmund T. Green. clubman and for
fer president of the Pacific Coast Cas-
ualty company, who has been accused
of certain irregularities by the com
pany directors, returned yesterday to
San Francisco from the north, where
he went two weeks ago.
Mr.. Green has been in conference
with Counsel James Walter Scott, and
it was said yesterday that he was not
prepared at this time make a state
ment.
Soon after Mr.. Green left the city.
having informed the company directors
he was going to Portland. which he
did, 1T was reported that there was a
shortage of approximately $500 due
TO his connection with the concern.
In Portland, Mr.. Green denied these
accusations as we'll as certain charges
made by Mrs. Green.
Mrs. Green, who separated from her
husband s months ago. is at her home
at Cupertino.
Mr.. Green is acting under my ad-
vice said Mr.. Scott last night, and
has nothing to say just at this time