davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1913-03-20

by its associated companies, by the
Western Union Telegraph Company
and by the Western Electric Company.
For the purpose of inaugurating these
benefits the American Telephone and
Telegraph Company made an initial
appropriation of 100000. There
are about 100000 employees - men
and women-in the service of the
companies concerned who will be di-
rectly or indirectly affected by this
provision. The plan has been e1ab-
orately worked out and will, it is be-
Heved, result in the increased happi-
ness and betterment of employees.
In thirty-three different states there
are public service and other state COM
missions which supervise the teIe-
phone service. This supervision is en-
tirely distinct from the supervision of
the Interstate Commerce Commission.
The report contains the interesting
letter addressed by Attorney-Genera1
Wfckersham to the Chairman of the
Interstate Commerce Commission at
Washington touching the. activities of
the company and also the order made
by the Interstate Commerce Commits
sion of January 18th, last, direct
ing that a thorough investigation be
made concerning the history, the
financial operations, the rates, rules,
regulations and practices of telephone
and telegraph companies subject to
the Act to Regulate Commerce, with
a view to the making of a compre-
hensive report and to the issuance of
such order, or orders, as may be ne
cessary to correct such discriTnina-
lions and make applicable reasonable
rates and practices The policy of
the company, as in the past. will be
to cooperate with the examiners con-
Quoting this investigation and to aid
public officials in every possible way
in their effort to ascertain the real
facts respecting the telephone service
of the United States
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1913-03-20

waists, skirts, petticoats and every
thing to be found in an up-to-date de-
partment store of this kind.
The millinery department which In
cludes some original creations fu
trimmed hats, Will attract any women
who are looking for Easter head gear.
Many reproductions Of Partisan mod
els will be found in co1ors most pleas
ing to the eye as well as many crea-
tions from leading Broadway miiline
cry shops. As one glances at thg
price tickets, they will find some e5-
sold greatly below the prices charged
in the millinery shop.
The mems department is literally
overstocked with suits Of every des-
criptfon. These suits are hand tai
Iored and come from some Of the fin
est work shops in the country. Blacks.
blues, brown, stripes, fancy mixture,
novelty cloths-aH will be found here
in brilliant array. Top coats, the ness--
est and nattiest effects, faced WITH
sateen or otherwise, Will also be found
in complete assortment. The fur
nishing department carries a com
pIete line of mems furnishings. in
Guiding hats, caps. and ties. collars
cuffs, Umbrellas and everything that
men need. The basement contains
many bargains in chfIdren's wear and
should always be visited By a purs
chaser at the Moss & Krfeger store
Boys suits, girls dresses. coats and
shoes and a general line Of chi1dreu'f
wear is carried here in the most de-
penda BILE make.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1913-03-20
MOSS & KRIEGER MAKE
SPLENDID EASTER SHOWING
Suits and Coats For Men and Women
in Large Variety, Attract
Easter Shoppers.

The store of Moss e. Krieger, at the
corner of Main and Gold SITS. contains
an assortment of Easter suits and
coats for men and women and de-
serves special attention. The ladies'
department contains an unusually
large and select line of suits in all
the predominating fabrics, including
eponge, mistroI cloth, Bedford cord,
soft and hard serges and fancy Shep-
herd checks. The styles are of the
very latest and include the Bulgarian
blouse waist and the draped skirt, reg
ulation length Jacket, trimmed in
plains, combinations and braid. Also
a large assortment of other prevailing
styles. These suits are lined with
Peau de Cygne; the latest and most
durable lining fabric. The idea of
Moss and Krieger in making their Sc
lection for the season, has been to Sc
cure a line of stock that will give the
very best service and the most salts
faction.
Ladies' coats will also be found here
in large variety. The prevailing
colors are in blue with a slight lean
ing toward Copenhagen. There are
many novelty mixtures beautifully
trimmed and some inlaid with their
own materials. The ladies' furnishing
department offers many good values in
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1913-03-20
created for the employees.


The American Telephone and TeIe-
graph Company itself shows total
earnings of $42,717, e92.75. and a bal
ance of $6,O47, 357.64 after payment of
interest and the regular dividends of
per cent. per annum. At the close of
the year its outstanding capital stock
was 1894, s05,7Oo, and bonds $685.
100000. For the capital stock out
standing there has been paid into the
company's treasury 1886, 1872, 218, or
nearly S22,0O0,0OO more than the par
value of the stock. A majority of the
than per cent. is held in the name
of brokerage houses The average
number of shares held by each stock
holder at the close of 1912 was shown
to be 66.
The number of shareholders on the
books of the American Telephone and
Telegraph Company at the close Of the
last year was 5O,297, which indicates
an increase for the year of 1885. The
following extremely interesting table
shows just how the stock of the COM
pany is distributed and the number
of shares held by both large and small
holders:
1883 held less than 100 shares
each;
1854 held from 100 to 1000 shares
each;
ass held from 1000 to 5000 shares
each;
10 held 5000 shares or more each
(omitting brokers and holders in in
vestment trusts, etc.)
Of the holders of less than 100
shares each, $3.50 held shares
less each; 1888, held rs shares or
less each.
The report tells of the new plan an
nounced January LIST, last, for Employ
ees' Pensions, Disability Benefits and
Insurance adopted by the American
Telephone and Telegraph Company,
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1913-03-20
AMERICAN TELEPHONE
AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY'S
ANNUAL REPORT

The report just issued by the Amer
lean Telephone and Telegraph Com
pany for the year ending Decemb Der
81, 1912, shows that the telephone has
become in the United States, to
greater extent than anywhere else in
the world, household necessity.
There are now 200 towns, cities
and ham1ets from which telephone
messages may be sent. This is 5000
more than the number of post offices
in the United Statess 10000 more than
the number of railroad stations and
nearly three times the number of
regular telegraph offices. There are
altogether 7.456,o74 telephone stations
in the Bell System, which is an in
crease over last year of S23,449 sta
lions. This compares with an increase
during the previous year of 74e, 9O6
stations.
Including the traffic over the long
distance lines, but not including the
connecting companies, the daily aver
age of toll connections in 1912 was
about 1913. 900, and of exchange con-
nections about 25,572,Oo0. This com
pares with $4,000 and 23,484,00o IN
1911. Speaking broadly this means
that the daily average of telephone
conversations last year reached 49,
$4,000, or at the rate of about 8.472,-
100000 for the year., as against a.
1900 in 1911 when the rate was
While Europe has three and a half
times the telegraph traffic of the Unit
ed States and nearly twice the first
class mail traffic, it has only two
hfths of the telephone traffic, owing
to the greater efficiency and distribu-
ton of the telephone in this country.
The Bell System showed a gross
revenue-not including that of the
connected independent Iines-of $780,
100000. This was a gain of $780,
100000 over the previous year. A
very careful appraisal conducted by
the engineers of the physical property
of the Bell System as of August LIST,
last, showed that while the book cost
was S736, 100000, the cost of repro
duction at that date would have been
$797, 100000. In other words, the
company was carrying the property on
its books at 100000 below it's ac-
tuaI physical value at the time of its
appraisal. In this appraisal there
were included no intangible assets
whatever, such as good will, patents,
franchises, cost of developing the bus
mess, etc. For the year there was an
increase in assets of $92,300,O00 of
which SIS, 500, 900 represented current
additions to the plant, including the
necessary real estate. During the
five year period between 1907 and
1912 the assets of the Bell Companies
have increased $311, 100000 while the
capital obligations and payabIes out
standing have increased only a little
over $199, 100000. The surplus and
reserves have increased from SCI, 30O,-
900 to $164,2OO,0OO or nearly $1O3,-
100000, even after setting aside S.
$4,000 for the Benefit Fund recently
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1913-03-20
LAWYER ADMITS
HIRING SLEUTHS
SLADE WANTED DORA
PODALOEF, WITNESS AGAINST
SOLOWAY, WATCHED.
ADDRESSED AS MRS. SLADE
Copy of Original Decoy Note To Her
detective Burns In The
Case.

Surprising developments continue to
mark the case of Maurice Soloway,
of SoIoway & Katz, recently bound
over in Waterbury on a charge OF ar
son. One of the latest is the appear
ance of the famous sleuth, William J.
Burns and his agency, in the affair
showing the determination of the au-
thorities to run to earth the men
higher up in the arson trust which, 1t
is alleged, exists with branches In
various States, including Connecticut,
with New Haven as a sub-headQuar-
tiers.
Important light was let in on the
whole affair by the conspiracy to alb
duct Dora PodaIof, which was nipped
Tuesday in New York. Annie Easley,
a colored woman, was granted q con-
tinuance in that city yesterday on the
charge Of attempting to ktdnap the
Podalon girl and the hearing was fol-
lowed by most interesting develop
mentS.
one of these was a conference at
the Hotel Belmont, at which Assistant
District Attorney Mott, Of New York,
State Attorney AI1ing Of New Haven,
State Attorney Holden of Hartford,
and Detective William J. Burns were
present Attorney David Slade, OF
Slade, SIade & SGade was called in
and admitted that he had engaged
the Harmon detective agency to watch
the PodaIoff girl. This agency had
sent the Easley woman to the apart
ment house where the girl was stay
ing, with the object of learning all
she could. Mr.. Slade is alleged to
have stated before the conference that
he wanted to find out whether the
girl had told the truth when she gave
such damaging evidence at the trial
in Waterbury of Maurice Soloway.
He had the records in his hand OF
the surveillance of the girl and waved
them at the prosecuting attorney. 1t
also reveIoped that Attorney Sander,
who appeared for the Fasley woman,
was employed by the Harmon agency.
He is the same attorney who acted as
Sam Schepps' lawyer In the famous
Becker murder trial.
New Haven, March 2o-The Journal
Courier prints exclusively the follow
ing which is a copy Of the original
decoy note sent to Dora PodaLom Be-
fore the attempt to kidnap her:
Dear Mrs. Slade:
and-one= gentleman, Mr..
Peterson, will meet you at corner
Amsterdam avenue, waiting for you
Anna cannot come behind you but
she will surely follow you-use all
precautions to escape as we have an
automobile waiting for you Your
uncle will be free as sure as we're liv-
ing. Anna will be with you without
fall
close examination Tt is not alto
gether clear in it's wording and not
the least of it's pecuIiarities is that it
is addressed to Mrs. Slade.'' Did the
Mrs. mean to indicate that some
one might wed her if she did the right
thing?
Who is the blonde mentioned in the
note? It is known that there was
a close intimacy between one of the
lawyers in this case and a blonde
woman of attractive appearance. Is
she the one2 Several times of late
there has been int1mations that some
thing startling was, likely to happen
vitality affecting a well known lawyer
Is that something beginning to break
now2 This is the question now being
asked
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1913-03-20

Search the town over and it w
any store where men IS suits and tol
a stores display of Spring apparel
This department. has received persons
exercised I'm selection, and we know that in eve
season. Value of an extraordinary nature is t
Style has been given it's deserved attention, the
tailoring, and the neat and natty plains and d
one of the most effective in the history of this
merchandise.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1913-03-20
suCcEss

Some men get on by working hard
With saw or plough or pick or pen,
And some men win the worlds regars
BY merely working other men.
chicago Record IEerald.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1913-03-20
President vail saws in Conclusion:

LAS to the future of the company,
it was never brighter. Business indi-
cations are normal, our relations with
the public and with the public au-
thorities on a mutually satisfactory
basis
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1913-04-25
HOWS YOUR LIVER
AND BOWELS?
If You Are Taking Hot Springs Liver
Buttons They Are No Doubt in
SpIcndid Condition.

If you would be cheerful, healthful.
full of life and yigor don't fool with
calonel or any violent cathartic.
HOT SPRINGS LIVER BUTTONS
are made from the prescription of
the many great physicians of Hot
Springs, Ark.
If you have been to this famous
health resort you know all about
them for they are prescribed there
generally by physicians for all liver,
stomach and bowel trouble.
If you are having trouble with
your bowels or liver and aren't feeling
as full of energy and ambition as
you should. get 25 cent box of HOT
SPRINGS LIVER BUTTONS at your
druggists today, take one each night
for a week-they do not give par
ticle of discomfort, on the other hand
they are gentle, safe and sure.
They are simply splendid, every
body says, and after you try one
you'll say the same. For free SAM
pie write Hot Springs Chemical Co.,
Hot Springs. Ark. Tulsa Drug Co.,
special agent in Tulsa, Okla.
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1913-04-25
stomach Gone Bad
SOUR, Classy, UPSET?
WHEN "PAPE'S DIAPEPSIN" GETS
IN STOMACH ALL INDI-
GESTION GOES.
Time it, In five minutes all stom-

Time 1t! In five minutes all stom-
ach distress will go. No Indigestion,
heartburn sourness or belching Of
gas, acid, or eructations of undigest-
90 food, no dizziness, bloating foul
breath or headache.
Pape's Diapepsin is noted for its
speed in regulating upset stomachs
1t is the surest, quickest and most
certain remedy in the whole world
and besides it is harmless.
eat their favorite foods without fear
they know now it is needless to
have a bad stomach.
Please, for your sake. get a large
fifty-cent case of Pape's Diapepsin
from any drug store and put your
stomach right Don't keep on being
miserable---life is too short-you are
not here long, so make your stay
agreeable. Eat what you like and
digest it; enjoy it, without dread of
rebellion in the stomach
Diapepsin belongs in your home
anyway 1t should be kept handy,
should one Of the family eat some
thing which doesn't agree with them
or in case of an attack of Indigestion
dyspepsia, gastritis or stomach de-
rangement at daytime or during the
night it is there to give the quickest
surest relief known.
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1913-04-25

the SIMMER tilling after wheat har-
vest and until time to plow the next
year.
That old shop-won injunction that
says to pillow early so as TO store the
winter rains. must be worked over
before It will serve any useful pur-
pose in western oklahoma. The aver
age rainfall Of the winter months
west Of meridian 9S is but a fraction
over an inch. This means that on
many years they have nothing at all
In the future. If you will follow the
rules Of this conquest it will read.
Harvest your crop as soon as pos
sible after maturity, disc the ground
thoroughly to hold your moisture.
then take your time to plow and do
a good job
Where a supply of moisture Is the
limiting element wider spacing of all
cultivated crops must be observed,
and less amount Of small grain per
acre should be sowed Hundreds of
thousands of bushels Of kafir corn
were lost last year by planting too
thick in the row. a half a bushel Of
wheat viii make as much and often
more than bushel and half.
Cultivation means two or three
inch mulched surface created and
until crops are safe for
maturity. 1t must he evenly distrib-
uted over all the space between the
rows. IL must be restored as soon as
possible after each rain.
With this simple plan ! pin my
faith to oklahoma and the south
west, and feel secure in the future.
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1913-04-25
DRY FARMING IN
OKLAHOMA STATE
CONQUEST on DROUTiI IN THIS
STATE Is ONLY AVIATION
OF FARMERS.
GEORGE BISHOPS TALK
Delivered Yesterday Afternoon 10
Delegates AT state Develop
mcnt Conference.
The Conquest of Drouth in Oklahoma
(Addrcss by George Bishop, Cordcll
Okia)

oklahomas first and greatest bust.
ness Is farming, IT must be made 20
pay or we all go in the hole" Reas-
enable certainty Of production is our
only salvation, Regardless of any
personal preference the croIs which
produce must be grown Natural con
diuons, such as rainfall, wind velocity
ana temperature indicate these crops.
Comparative yields Of the various field
crops for series of years and es-
pecially for the dryest Of years, must
serve as our guide in choosing the
crops We Will grow.
Oklahoma has been farming long
enough TO begin to see for herself
what croIs she can rely upon for reg
ular and profitable production. Th,
r7gular and abundant rainfall for the
years of 1905 9, and s, series OF
scasonable years without a precedent
IN the records of Oklahoma's rain
fail for forty years, lead many Of us
to accept If not to believe. that the
rainfall follows the plow' but the
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1913-04-25

by using this new-plan corn cure.
There's nothing to stick to the stock
ing or sock; your corn pains stop.
You're saved the bother Of applying
plasters that make the corn bulge
out from the core. You're saved
salyes that eat into the healthy flesh
and pull no more fussing with
bandages. You don't have to help
by picking and dragging out your
corns or cutting with knives or raz-
ors.
"GETs-IT'' is safe, painless, stops
pain never hurts healthy flesh. II IL
guaranteed. Try IT on warts, callouses
and bunions too.
"GETS-IT'' is sold at all druggists
at 25 cents bottle, or sent direct py
II. Lawrence & Cos Chicago.
Sold in Tulsa by Puritan Drug Co..
kistler Drug Co., Getman & Camp
bell. Sanger Drug Co., Weaver Drug
Co., Baker Drug Co.
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1913-04-25
Try the New Way
Of Curing COrns
Easy As One, Two, Three; No Fuss.
No Pain, by Using "GETS-IT."

Just take two seconds to put lit
tie "GETS-IT' on that corn. That
corn is done for as sure as the
sun rises. The corn shriyels up,
vanishes. That the surprise you get
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1913-04-25

ut lhose crops, the same as they once
had Ia corn, What the farmer need
and what the state most needs, ~ for
everybody to stand pat from this day
on ana realize as soon as possiLl,
mat these sure feed crops may D.,
made to do anything ana every ythiug
for live stock that corn ever uld--
and then some, that acre for acre, rs
many pounds Of beef and pork can
be made and ARE being made, ~ ever
came from corn, lrrcfutable facts
that these are worth millions to ok
mhonH, they must have the united
support of the best business Judgment
IN the state il We are 10 keep every
/ body nrm in the faith
The great purpose Of this meeting
/ Is NOT $40 much to discuss details. but
/ 10 r,coSnizc fundamentals and unite.
aa a state, In getting rigat ana stay
/ ing right IN the matter Of such crops
and farm methods as Will insure as
against failure IN the future
Some fundamentals.
The Conquest OF Drouth m okla
homa' can bee made complete ons
/ by the rigid adherence T. three fun
damentaIs. First, tn growing ana
adoption OF crops second, the con
serNauou Of moisture; third, better
culturn of no snI l,,, ou,cL ro,nrn..
without added expense, the adapted
crn,, has "a rr,ot I.aa ovo, mo o,h,,.
Nvn n ,rfnrds tho ,o,ro,, ornr,,,ch
ia , sur, tbiu, that v,,s .,..r n,r,rol
, f,r,n,r -, i,a ,,os, Ana ~ M.
nr.sto cho,co rr,,,, ,,orr, ana ,.o,D
T., vorld. or c..d c,,r, u.in ia.
natural ohiGty f. u.itbstara non, ana
yroit f,r r.i,, 80. r.,Io on I..s r,i,,
certoinly b.,., ,r,,,, to roc,p,n,nd
,h.r, In ..rr,r,. ,,.t.,ro bo, ,,.i,,I.
ana i,.-...,,t., .t.n ta..
h.. ,,,,..ii,io, ,, ,,,,.,, ,,.,.,, n, ,,,i.t,
do,.s f,.,,,, n,, hi,,i.., a., ,ha trni,o,i
stato. g., ,h, f,,,.os, ~. y.,s ,,a ,.,.s
IN ,,.l,.,,.,,., a, to,5 ,rbo ,,..I, ,,.,l..
nm IA, 81 n,n.t. 80 .,..iIar,. an n.
pool, isI.,a I,.,r,,.. ,,.,.,, e,,a.i.,l a., 49,
I,o ,h, ..ccici,t l..t,l,. ..,.,. 80 n,,..
o.ros, .L-,tfi. ,,.r,, ,,,.,,,,,. aif,,f,
bays t,Ara l,ng mara ,,uf.s rn
honr-do-,,n - rhi, notno i,torn,.t,a
,,oo,s ~, ,,,,, c,,.,l ,'r9,,,'. ,,, ,,,l,
sto,l, ,,,.,,.,r,. ,.ro,.,,,i,,,',a an, g.,
telirentI,. fo5 ,,iIi ao for,bor and
roet., ,,,,..,, .li,,i,.'ti,,,r a., ,o,.,.,,,.,
~ dro,,,h tha, .,,,. ,,t,,. ,,, ,i,f,,..
rho, oro rot tb, Who'll ,birg Inv on,.
r,o,rs hnt to ,,ro,nroeo hihicai tn
iu,,tion ,,o fooI th,, a. oo,, ha 40,
,,.o,riotoi,. ,.,t ;a -. ,,,,,.. nc.,
rirs, tho s,,ro rood cro,s ,bon r,,,
etoc, ana OH ,ho.a thina, ,h,u lao
.dd.J mt, ,,,,, r-ntt ~ o,,,,I,,
,,,...i,,o,i,,, ~ ..iu o.. s.,
s,,r.d In ,l,laba,,,, ,,.. o,., ,,at ,..i,,,,
ia gat aryuboro t-,,ir oo,n ,,,Ia
,,,tyo co,,.no,s s,,,,i.h r.on,,t, ,n,l
,lr,,f, b,, oro rho ,.o.dors i, "a,
f,n,il,. of suro fo.1 ,.ro,,s co,,o ,,,,.
az, r,nro Of tboso ,,,, .ho ,,,o,a,o O.,
i,tn ,,,a fiu ,,.a.. ,,o,,i, ,,,I oa,.,,',,
Of tbie st,+o win ,,roir o,d fo,,o,
in tho d,,o., ,oo,., ol,,oh,,,,, t,,.,
avor had Whom The ,vora,,. ',iold ~, |
I,arir corn at tho ol,l,bon,a ox,,ari
mont st,tiop sbo,,.s to ha ,,o,o t,or
two busbels to ono compared IN In |
dian corn If sbou.s tl,at Tho affoot. 80 |
droutb ON tha grain feed cron of an,
I,bo,,,, .o,1l h. . tte ;,+ i,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-05-17
HEALTH SERVICE SHIFTS
Surgeon General Blue An
nounces Changes in Vari-
Gus Parts of Country.

me Following changes in duties and sta
uohs or commissioners and other on
GERS or the United States public health
service were announced today by Surgeon
General Blue:
senior surgeon II. w. Austen, relieved
from duty at Stapleton. y Y. and d.
rected 10 proceed TO Detroit Mich. and
assume charge of the Marine Hospital ri
that port
Senior Surgeon c. ". Stoner .relievsa
from duty at Ellis Island. \. Y and Al
rected to proceed to Stapleton. \. Y.
ana assume charge of the Marine Hospi-
tai at that port.
surgeon l. l.. Williams. relieved from
auty at Wilmington. " g. and directed
70 take charge of the medical examine
non OF arriving aliens at Ellis Island y
leave o. absence. without nav. for
"a :, ilonins from March Ii 1913. amand-
90 20 70 read for the period March la 10
May q. 1913" - :" y
surgeon I. II. Gardner. relieved FROM,
ouly at Detroit. Mich, and directed ~
proceed TO Buffalo. n. Y. and assume
port. sp'ai al that
surgeon j. ". Schereschewskv dasic-
nateu 10 serve on the committee on rurar
ciety Nioss 90
,, nsslssant Surgeon n. F.. Hassetime.
ahected 10 proceed 10 Charles Top.n M
a., LOT conference with the county
n,,t,.1. oiicer relative to an outbreak of
smallpox in that vicinity -
assistant Surgeon j. NJ Gillespie. ra
.leaed from duty in Manila. p L.. and di-
rected 10 proceed to Hongkons Chin
lor outy In the office OF the American
consul general : : =
Pharmacist {. III. Irwin, granted thirty
DAYS leave of absence from June 4
Dts Francis A. Carmelia Luther ~
Jenkins. Liston Paine, Lionel r. Hoone,
Moses v Sanford and Ernest w. Scott
l Nv peeii commissioned assistant sur
Seons in the public health service
Passed Assistant Surgeon Carroll Fax
mas peen promoted and commissioned as
surgeon. effective December T. 1872
Pharmacist Charles n. Irwin has been
lnolho,ed 10 pharmacist of the second
class to date from April 2.