davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1913-01-21

out every particle of uric acid and
other poisonous impurities that lodge
in the joints an dmuscles and cause
rheumatism. It neutraliges the urine
so it no longer irritates the bladder
overcomes unnecessary breaking OF
sleep and restores the kidneys and
bladder to health and strength.
1t matters not how long you have
suffered, how old you are, or what else
you have used. The very principle OF
Croxone is such that it is practically
impossible to take it into the human
system without results There is Moth
ing else on earth like 1t. 1t starts to
work the minute YOU take 1T and re-
lieves you the first time you use 1t, and
all your misery and cuffering soon
disappear. You can secure an
original package of Croxone at trifiing
cost from any first-class druggist All
druggists are authorized to personally
return the purchase price If 1T fails in
single case.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1913-01-21
'Drayman DISCHARGED.

Joseph German. Rimbach avenue,
Hammond, who was arrested by Off
Ger Bush last week at the Erie depot
on a charge of draying without a IL
cense, was discharged this morning by
Chief Austgen. German is employed
as q driver for a brewing concern and
in order to make little extra change
was hauling a few trunks He plead
ed that he was not aware that he was
violating the law and as this was his
first offense the police did not wish to
prosecute. He promised that he would
not violate the ordinance again.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1913-01-21
LAKE COUNTY
COURTS AT
A GLANCE
LAKE SUPERIOR COURT, ROOM !.
Judge Virgil =. Reifer.

LAKE SUPERIOR COURT. ROOM i.
Judge Virgil =. Reiter.
Settings for the terms second We'd
nesday. Jan. %:
SCOTSMAN Lake Co S & Co.
sb11-Burley-Tyrel Co Smith
s6s1-Letko Klobuchkar.
s562-Meisel Meisel.
S576-Rose Rosenberg.
S5s1-Stover Slower.
s72o-Kezkowski Wasilews ili.
s734-Borman V Stewart.
s739-Smith Burba.
s740-Marcovich Cessna.
sT5e-Stein & Co. V Szancza.
S775-Kussmaul Gulya.
s779-Berghoff Brig Asso Nowak
s7s4-Ruttledge v Dub.
sTeo--Lansfng State Bank Kusina-
s794-Sullivan City e Chgo.
SS2f-Mayer Home Bldg Co Mayer.
Ss25-Hansen Hansen.
Ss36-Caldwell V Caldwell
SS40-Devine admr Pere Marquette.
LAKE SUPERIOR COURT, ROOM 2.
Judge Lawrence Becker.
Wednesdays calendar settings are
continued until Saturday, Judge Beck
er being out of town tomorrow.
LAKE SUPERIOR COURT, ROOM 5.
Judge Johannes Kopelke.
At Crown Point.
Settings for the terms fifth Wednes-
day. Jan. %:
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1913-01-21
MAY SELL STOCK
IN new CONCERN

Confident that they had discovered
promising petroleum fields in the Sag
inaw Valley. in Michigan. a number of
men recently formed the Hammond
Michigan Oil & Gas company to develop
their holdings. The new company has
its headquarters in the First National
Bank building, in Hammond. the off,
GERS being Attorney L. V. Cravens of
Hammond, president; Moses Specter of
East Chicago, vice president, and A. S.
Lowenthal of Chicago, secretary The
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1913-01-21

this week for the transaction of busi-
ness.
The outlook now is that West HAM
mond will get it's financial matters
properly adjusted, without having to
thrash out the question whether or not
August kamradt is the city treasurer.
There is no question now but what the
Mr.. Kamradt will serve his term with
out any further attacks being made as
to his right to the office
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1913-01-21
"Easv Pickin' Sale. T"

Lawrence Hoffman,. the State street
haberdasher who expects soon to move
from his present place of business,
1.-The hole in the WALL" as he has named
it, to roomier quarters in the Long
building. Is at present conducting what
he advertises as an Easy Pickin' F"
sale. The young haberdasher has
slashed his prices in order that he can
open lbs new place with new stock and
new fixtures.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1913-01-21
Institute Board Re elected.

The annual meeting of stockholders
of the Calumet Institute, which COM
prises the Lincoln Jefferson College of
Law, was held last Saturday afternoon
in the administrative building. The
old board was reelected and the re-
ports that were made to the stock
holders were very encouraging and
gave promise of good year
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1913-01-21
Leaves for Indianapolis.

William Boyer left this morning for
Indianapolis, where he will attend the
state convention of the Indiana clean
ers and dyers Mr.. Boyer viii repre-
sent this vicinity at the state meeting,
and does not expect to ieave the ,4ag-
tai before the latter part of this We k
Mr. Boyer is located in Hammond with
the f. c. Hoppman establishment in
South Holman street.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1913-01-21

But two games were played last
night in the Hammond Country clubs
billiard and pool tournament At pool
Cowan A. Scott. with a handicap of 33,
defeated F. c. Ryan, handicap AZ, by
score of 33 to SO. In the billiard
tournament Parry (5o) played Gers
bach tso), the former winning by a
score of so to az. Several games are
scheduled for this evening.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1913-01-21
Will Ratifv Road Bills.

The Lake and Porter county COM
misisoners hold joint session at the
Crown Point court house tomorrow
afternoon for the purpose of adjusting
bills and claims for the construction
of county line road which is COM
pleted. The difficult questions were
settled long ago and the meeting to-
morrow is more in the nature of for
NAL ratification.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1913-01-21
Is Buying Spring Stock.

b. Greenberg, proprietor or the
Young Mems Tailorshop at 81 State
street. and author of The Wise Guy
advertisement which appeared in THE
TINES recently, went to Chicago today
to lay in stock of goods from which
to serve ais customers with suits at
prices from SIS and up.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1913-01-21
IN THE --
SUPERIOR Iss1. IF, c0lIRTH

427-Burns, John J., American Bridge
Co
4S5--Shpek, Joseph American Bridge
Co.
LAKE-PORTER CIRCUIT COURT.
Judge w. G. McMahan.
At Valparaiso.
Information.
Court is hearing the Kemper ditch
case
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1913-01-21
DYER WOMAN FOUND
DYING ON FLOOR
Mrs. Austgen, a Widow,
Suffers Apoplectic Stroke
While Alone.
Especial to THE TrMEs.l

Dyer, Ind, Jan. 21.-Mrs. N. Aust
gen was found on the floor of her home
here Monday morning in what appear
ed to be dying condition. The doc
tors examinatfo showed that she had
suffered an apop1ectic stroke some
time Sunday evening. Mrs. Austgen
is a widow and lives alone in her home
At present she is still alive. but in so
serious condition that only slight
hopes for her recovery are entertained
Council Meeting Tonight.
A regular meeting of the Hammond
city council is scheduled for this even
ing. No matters of great Importance
are before the body<at this time.
SUBSCRIBE FoR THE TIMES.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1913-01-21
No Special Meeting.

Instead of calling a special meeting,
Mayor Woszczynski of West Hammond
has decided to await the regular coun-
ell meeting on Thursday evening of
The herald-advance. (Milbank, S.D.) 1890-1922, 1913-11-07
For Educational Endowment.

Rev. L. Malmberg, a Swedish
Lutheran minister, who is agent
for the Gustavus Adolphus
college at St. Peter, Mimi, was
in town Wednesday in the inter
est of his work. James Hill, the
railroad magnate has made a
conditional gift of $4,000 to the
college provided an endowment
fund of 5000, 900 is raised by a
certain time. One of the good
features of the present day
is the fact that men Of wealth
are giving freely to the great
causes of benevolence aud edu.
cation where the institutions are
known to be worthy, and where
the people more directly inter.
ested are doing their share to-
ward their support.
The herald-advance. (Milbank, S.D.) 1890-1922, 1913-11-07
4 Good Democrat.

Henry S. Volkmar. former
editor Of the Review, and one OF
the pioneers of Grant county,
has been chosen secretary OF the
King county democratic club, OF
Seattle. Nolkmar is an enthu.
sia-tlc democratic. and while we
are not quite certain as to just
what qualifications a man should
have to make a successful secre-
tary Of a democratic club. we
believe that Volkmar has EN- OF
The herald-advance. (Milbank, S.D.) 1890-1922, 1913-11-07
Sunday Picture Exhibitions

At the regular monthly meet
ing Of the city council last Mon
day evening after the routine
business had been concluded, w.
p. O'Heron presented a petition
asking that the council grant
permission to the managers OF
the opera house to open the
house Sunday afternoon and
give moving picture exhibitions
of a religious, moral and scenic
character. The council granted
the petition with the condition
that the exhibitions should com
ply with the state law in regard
to the same.
The herald-advance. (Milbank, S.D.) 1890-1922, 1913-11-07
Local and Personal Paragraphs.
Wanted-A stenographer Apply to
Franz Wendland, Milbank.

Wanted-A stenographer Apply to
"A splendid school, SO say students
OF the Sioux Falls Business College,
Sioux Falls, S. OAK. Send tor
catalog.
Phil Cross, one OF the Kilborn men
who have grown up with the country
was at the county seat Saturday meet
ing his Milbank friends.
The new smoke stack at the mill
was put up last week.
Myron Reeve, who has been em-
plOyed in . drug store at lrOquOis.
came down home this week having
been threatened with an attack of ill
ness.
Mrs. William Robinson left Tues.
day morning fora two weeks visit to
friends in Minneapolis.
Mrs. w. w. Reeve received word
last week that her son-in-law, H. j.
Horn, OF Thunder Hawk, had broken
his leg just above the ankle in an
automobile accident.
Call aud see the beautiful display
OF the latest in needle WORK, threads
braids and laces 1t
Mrs. Julia Lindquists
A marriage license was issued on
the Both ult TO VIM. q. Grogen and
Miss Catherine Agnes McDaugh, both
of Revillo.
Mrs. A. G.. Smith entertained a
number Of old time friends and neigh
bors last Saturday, at a six O'Clock
dinner in honor of her friend, Mrs.
4. NJ. Corskie.
Miss Aimee Mcdonald and Miss
Annie Stockman and Lizzie Ford
autoed to 2,tonville Sunday.
Max Koelle, of Revillo, was up at
friends and attending to some business
matters.
Mr.. ard Mrs. Kelley. and Mrs.
Otto Mosiman left TOR Chicago last
SATURDAY for u visit with friends ia
that city.
To me Ike some quick money-buy a
bargain in land at jamestown. N. d.
Schomburg Land Il Loan Co.
Will Roebel, who recently came
from Nona, Colorado, brought US in
some cor that was raised on his Col
oradO farm. which any one desiring
may see at the Herald Office. and
which shows that good corr al be
raised in that country. He reports
that his brother, and George Lehman
are still holding their farms there
and that a fair crop was raised there
this year.
Frank H~eathcote. Of Lura towsnhip,
was 81 Milbank visitor last Saturday.
He was one of the farmers In the west
part Of the county whose wheat crop
was quite badly injured with black
rust Just before harvest.
a. NJ. Talcott. a former Big Store
resident writes that he ma, changed
his headquarters from Exalaka,
Mont. to Marmoth. n. ID.
MIR. Reta Mcpherson has been spend
. ing the week at ADerdeen and point.
north Of there.
The herald-advance. (Milbank, S.D.) 1890-1922, 1913-11-07

Every thing new and novel in the
art linen at the Ladies Shop. Stamp
ed linen in white, tan and colOred,
for all useful and fancy articles.
Mrs. Julia Lindquist.
A party OF football enthusiasts
made up q purse to send n of their
number to Minneapolis Saturday to
see tn, Minnesota-ChicagO foot
ball game. There we're twenty-five In
the pool, and $25. 10 was handed over
to w. A. Scott, as the lucky party
chosen to make the trip and witness
the game.
Frank Falkert was obliged to go
around with clutches for several days
having slipped and fallen and strain
ed one of his legs quite badly.
Mrs. F. J.. Paddock was q weeks
end visitor with Wilmot friends and
attended the halloween party given
at the home of Mrs. Warren Jones.
Mrs. C. D.. Fairchild, Mrs. Thos.
Michigan and Mrs. Frank Michigan
have issued invitations for an AT
Home to . number of their lady
friends for Saturday afternoon at
| Hotel St. Hubert.
Do your Christmas shopping early.
You will find just what you are in
need Of in the beautiful line Of needle
work at
Mrs Julia Lindquist
w. A. Potter, we'll known t the
printing fraturnity Of the northwest
a. the former manager of the
Minnesota Type foundry, is in the
real estate business of Los Angeles.
Cal. a%circular from there announcing
the firm of Potter, Flynn & Pearson,
dealers in investments, ranches, real
estate, etc.
c.. L. Purdy was down from Sum
nit last Saturday visiting his son the
clerk of courts and meeting ole
Milbank friends. He is expecting tt
go out to Montana later in the winter
and visit the Purdy boys Oh their
claims in the vicinity Of Havre.
Fl. G. Bork, a former citizen of Re
villo, who is now living in Wafer
town, and is travelling agent for tn
Nichols Shepard T%hreshing Machine
Co., was attending to some business
matters in Milbank last Saturday.
Mrs. +. D. Mooar, left Wednesda.
for GAINESVILLE, Wis where Mr.
Mozart went last week to take charge
OF a telephone central at that point
Mr.. Mooar had been in charge of tn
construction work at this point TO
the last two months, putting in tn
new wires for the Grant County line
The best wishes of Milbank friend
accompany Mr.. and Mrs. Mooar t,
their new no ne.
Friends of Mrs. Florence Ellio
Preston have received word that
little daughter was born ia the famil,
at Madison, 5. D., on the lst inst
Mr.. and Mrs. A. Os land were W
at Milbank Tuesday. and Mrs. T.. l.
Farnham accompanied them on the i
retu n to their Ortonville home in tn
evening.
Mr.. ard Mrs. n. /. owthian re
turned last wee from a visit OF sever
al weeks to friends at Northwood az,
Manley IN Iowa and at Albert Lea i
Minnesota At Marley he met NJ
thur Leach. who is running a re.tau
rant al that place, and doing a goo
! business.
The herald-advance. (Milbank, S.D.) 1890-1922, 1913-11-07
A pewry On Approval.

A curious custom prevails among
Roumanan peasants. When q Rou.
manian girl 10 Of q manageable age
all her ~trousseau. which has been care.
fully woven. spun and embroidered BY
her mother and herself, IL placed In q
painted wooden box. When . young
man thinks Of asking to be allowed to
pay his attentions to the girl he 10 al
liberty 1t irst to open the box. which
il always placed conveniently at hand,
and examine the trousseau. II the suit.
or is satisfied with the quantity and
quality Of the dowry he makes a for
nal application for the girls hand. bu,
IL. on the contrary. the trousseau does
not please him. he Is quite at liberty t.
retire.
The herald-advance. (Milbank, S.D.) 1890-1922, 1913-11-07
Corona

Misses Anna and, Elsie Hoffman
entertained . number Of young f0lke
at their home Thursday evening. All
reported . very enjoyable time.
Mrs. Tom Lambert and daughter
Msude were Mi)bsok callers Monday.
Mrs. Rob. White of Wilmot visited
with relatives In town between trains
Friday.
Ray Phillips vas t~ransacting bus
mess 1t Milbank Monday.
Mrs. T. A. Belgium went to WNmot
Saturday to spend Sunday Ut the r.
E. White home.
Mrs. G.. G.. Braves Of Wilmot visited
with her daughter Mrs. Geo. SOule
Friday and Saturday.
Mrs. Robinson went to Sisseton
Friday returning Saturday evening.
Mrs. Will Mann who has been visit
ing at the L. Herrick home for the
pact week returned to her home at
Sisseton Saturday.
Ralph Phillips and bride returned
Monday evening from . weeks visit
with relatives at Ortonville and Mil
bank. About eleven O'Clock that
evening the band gave them . few
selections.
Miss Garlic Stapleton and Esthar
Bartlett were Wilmot callers between
trains Saturday.
Every thing In war; goods at Soules
Neil Mann went to Sisseton Satur-
day for q short visit with relatives.
Miss Esthar Bartlett: was q guest Of
Mics Garlic Stapleton Saturday and
Sunday.
Mrs. r. Dilley and Mrs. w. Deuel.
visited with relatives here Saturday.
The "Degree Of Honor" social last
Friday evening vas . great success.
One OF the largest crowds that eve
and every one enjoyed themselves.
The proceeds were $34. IS.
Mr.. John Mlnder Ut s pokane arrived
Tuesday for an extended visit with his
son Ed. anc other relations.
O.. Lindquist was . Milbank caller
Monday.
Donald chatham visited with friends
At Milbank Sunday.
Mrs. Ed. Minder and children re-
turned Monday from q few weeks visit
with the formers parents ut Del Rap
ids.
Miss Stella Riley visi.el at her
home in Milbank SATURDAY.
Don't forget about those Steel Wool
O~vershOes at Souie's
Mrs. Leschinsky ard Mrs. John
Phanco visited in Wilmot Wednesday.
Mrs. G. w. Soule, Mrs. Ralph
Hamilton, and Miss Garlic Stapletun
we're guests at the Gilbert Hass home
Wednesday,.
Mrs. I. a. Belgium was ha wing
dental work done at Milbank Wednes-
day.
Mrs. Geo. Clark entert aimed the
the ladies aid at her home Thursday.
Church Notes.
Services Sunday morning 1890,
subject. The law of Self Denial
Sunday school to follow. Ia the even
ing the pastor will hold the second OF
his popular services for the b ople'
in Voight's ball, when be will speak
on the subject: Nv hy the average man
does not attend church, Everyone
should hear the discussion OF this
subject. Come and bring your friends
Z Redmayne, Pastor.
The herald-advance. (Milbank, S.D.) 1890-1922, 1913-11-07

ii. Q. Gilbertson, w. j. Oldfeld
and Vim. Martens went t Webster
Wednesday for q few days on a duck
hunt.
Goldfish, fish food, moss and decor.
atoms at
McCollum s. Thirsk
Mrs. Sophia Nixson writes from
Vernon, B. c., where she is visiting
her daughter, Mrs. Mayme Webster,
that she had received word that her
son Will Nixson was married at Los
Angeles on the l4th of October.
Mrs A. W. Glenn vent to Mineapo-
lis last week where she was to meet
her mother, Mrs. Mcmillan and &C.
company her to Kansas.
All. Glade, who looks after things
at IN MCGOWAN lumber yard, met
with quite an accident the first of the
week by falling from . ladder while
putting on q storm window, and
breaking his leg just above the ankle.
Street Commissioner Sutclife has
been busy during the week spreading
gravel on Main street abutting the de.
pot grounds and freight house. The
railway company furnished the grav-
81 e OF charge to the city.
Ludefsk, hatbro and pultost at Nc
Collum &Ihirsk's.
Fred Meyers family are feeling very
happy over the arrival of a fine young
son at their home on Wednesday.
Miss Rose Wagner and her sister,
Mrs. Higginbotham came from Aber-
deem the first of the week to attend the
funeral OF their sisters baby, in the
family of Thos. Baruta.
We this week want to call your
attention to Erlandson & johnson
Cos weekly in this issue. 1t contains
what is of interest to you. This ad
We tisement is changed every week ant
and contains some very interesting
items. Read it.
Fred Cross and wife of kilborn
were in town Wednesday. Fred il
looking and feeling better from hi.
life on the farm, and while here haC
his name added to the registration
list.
G.. +. Lundquist, cashier Of tn,
First State bank of Strandburg, wa!
over from that city yesterday, return
ing home in the evening.
A little girl was born in the hom'
OF Leonard HaIiburty, the barber
last week.
Mrs. Marvin Niles has been quit
Ill for the pat week. and is still con
I c-@I - I@l
The herald-advance. (Milbank, S.D.) 1890-1922, 1913-11-07
AZ the Recention.

he back from the punch bowD-Just
Q across tn room. N dear. Did You
ever see a homelier man? She lin 4
tragic whisper)-Don't disgrace your
self. George. That's q mirror!-Cleve-
land Plain Dealer.
The herald-advance. (Milbank, S.D.) 1890-1922, 1913-11-07

can get them on short notice.
One thing is sure, that the King
County Democratic club is not
likely to die of ennui if Volkmar
has the handling of the medicine
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1913-05-05
COLLEGE DEBATE
WON BY BETHANY
Kansas Team Awarded Decision
Over Augustana in Contest
Held Here Saturday.
LOSERS DEFEND CANAL ACT
Commended by Locals United States
Has Right to Exempt Its Own
Shipping from Toll Charges.

By two to one decision of the
Judges, Augustana lost TO Bethany col
lege in the fourth annual debate held
here Saturday night. The question
discussed was Resolved, That a uni
form system of tolls should be levied
on the ships of all nations using the
Panama canal" Bethany supporting
the affirmative, while Augustana took
the negative. The result of the con-
test gives each of the two institutions
two victories in the four debates
which have been held.
The argument conferred chiefly
around the exemption of American
coastwise shipping from the payment
OF canal tolls, Augustana contending
that the terms of the Hay treaty with
England did not prevent the United
States from granting this privilege to
its own shipping. Bethany, on the
other hand, held that such action
would De a clear violation of Article
" of that agreement The clash on
this point was very sharp.
Miss Ingeborg Sundstrom, a coed
from the Kansas Institution, opahed
lue argument lot IuG aIlFmaLlNe. Sn6
laid the foundation for the contention
that the exemption of American ship
ping would be violation of the treaty
with England, declaring that Great
Britain had surrendered important
rights In return for the uniform tolls
concession secured by the treaty.
Miss Sundstrom's arguments were
well presented and she was perhaps
the star debater on the Bethany team.
Walton Kempe for Augustana came
back strong with the contention that
exemption Of coastwise shipping would
not be a violation Of the Hay-Paunce-
fote treaty, which did not contem-
plate including such shipping on an
equality with that of foreign nations.
He also showed that the treaty with
Panama, by which the United States
secured its canal rights, granted TO
Panama shipping exemption Of tolls,
and that the terms of this treaty
would have been broken II a uniform
system OF tolls be imposed.
BURDEN ON TAXPAYER.
Arthur Peterson, second Bethany
speaker, held that exempting Ameri
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1913-05-05

value ever offered. ]. B. Zimmers
Sons.
Six per cent farm mortgages. Litten
& Roberts, Peoples National bank
building
Coal, coal, coal. The Rock Island
Fuel company will deliver to you ell
the best grades of hard and soft coal
Collins & Hammerick are ready to
give estimates and do al kinds of
carpenter work. Shop location 1908
Eighth avenue. Phone west 100.
The % cents supper to be given in
the dining room of the Central Pres
byterian church Thursday, May 8, will
be served from $50 to p. m. Don't
miss it.
Mueller Lumber company WIN en-
able you to build fine house OF barn
out Of the choicest select lumber and
you will be surprised and yet pleased
20 learn the low prices they are max.
ing.
The Rock Island Lumber and Manu-
| featuring company, lumber and build.
ing material for all purposes, houses,
barns, granaries. We will give you an
opportunity to save big per cent lie:
US be OF service to you
Choose your wan paper from cur
exquisite stock of new and handsome
patterns. We take pride in having ii
put on with neatness and dispatch at
low prices. P. ]. Lee, 1903 Third ave
nue..
Souders Laundering company at 5ol.
seq Twelfth street. This laundry IL
equipped with the very latest modern
machinery, turning out work that 10
not surpassed by any laundry in the
state.
Kahn & Refnhardt cigar store stin
takes the lead. Most literally patron.
lied. Everything in tobacco. cigarn
and smokers supplies. Man 10 never
better satisfied than when smoking
their choice brands.
Maths bakery ana confectionery
store, the finest II the tri-c1ties.
Bread, cakes. pics, cookies and hot
rolls. They can't be beat Most PEG
pie say they are superior to any home
baking. Let them serve you.
Electric and Revere, a seamless
circular braided hose in lengths o.
500 feet and more This hose is &C