davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1913-03-08
BY Caroline Coe

In these days OF gas and elcc-
trieity for the houses of those
whose incomes permit lnxuries, we
have almos' lost sight OF tho old
time coal range building fire
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1913-03-08

All letters cannot be an. ,
= awered in the paper. and many ,
are without name or address. I,
: A stamped. self-addressed er. d,
, velope always brings a prompt ,
r reply. CYNTHIA GREY. ,
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1913-03-08

Mrs. Joseph Letter. Mrs Letter Is
cKqulaitely blonde and In cerlse
chiffon with a bird OF paradise la
her hair she was a perfect foil to
the dark beauty OF Nine. Ia Cana,
her companion. wife OF the Bra
lillian minister whose creamy skin
was In dazzling contrast TO her
black chiffon.
Mrs. Perry Belmont, who has a
house party OF II. mostly New
Workers. during the Inauguration
ceremonies. gave dinner for Miss
lnez MilhOlland. the suffragette
leader, inauguration night Miss
Milholland Is perfect type of
classic beauty and in cleaning
white chiffon and pearls she must
have been a revelation 20 those
men who stu imagine that a suf.
fragette can be none other than an
ugly woman In sloyenly clothes.
Mrs. Belmont as hostess was
gowned In pale blue chiffon with
bushes OF pink here and there and
diamond necklace hung below an
elaborate deg collar at her throat.
until che reached her chair at The
table she wore over her gown the
most magnificent fur garment /
nave ever seen--a royal Russian
sable coat lined throughout with
ermine.
Mrs Champ Clark was also n
guest az Mrs Belmopt's dinner ap-
pearing In a droopy purple and
white gown. long train, deep pur-
pie velvet coat and big purple hat
covered with feathers.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1913-03-08
EVERY HOME NEEDS

Uneqnaled for Burns. Cuts. Insect
gfges. Itch and skin Diseases.
Removes all pains and aches. 81
IN druggists Refuse substitutes.
Or phone East 5021.
Price bOc
Manufactured By sun Quaker
Medicine Company.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1913-03-08
Regal Dental Offices

Or. L. r. Clark, D. D. 8. (Msnager)
1905 Third Ave-, NJ. W. Cor. Union.
NoTE-sring this Ad with you.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1913-03-08
?. What shall ! do7
ONE WHO CARR

A.-You may not realize It, but
you are playing the part of a COW
ard as long as you remain silent
and allow the blame to be placed
on this young man. You win not
be half so apt TO lose their friend
ship II YOU explain. for they are
bound to find Il out some time, and
then you will lose their respect as
wen as their friendship.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1913-03-08
ssrRErr SEATTLE
NsrsrRns> RAILWAY

..-e,g TO EvGgErr - Limited
~ a. NJ ana 5 rs b m Local
~ i4 fba kta HfA % fn - "a
un "a tsf sft ~ tla ~
70 RtA n IS D wA daily
~ - sslss.. SEATTLE Fiuh Ate.
rs .s.k.s grsenu oad. AtkE pras
- Ssesy 6fth and Ureeaverd
f..,-~r TO srArTtE Opp Limisre
w. ~ ard tea s. IN lo.sa'
~<sN 80 ses ce. 500. tet. 90 eA
Ms 80 n-aa. 90. 90. } %
"a zee. ZEE see. ie.is > IA
~ t.a~sa roth cities SEQ = RI
-. NORTHWEST TRACTION CO
fss"~ EVglErr WASH
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1913-03-08

tMiss Billie Burke 10 playing al
the National theatre In Washington
this week, so she has mailed her
readers this story OF the inaugura.
ton splencors1
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1913-03-08
JOKES OFTEN
TERMINATE SERIOUSLY

Dear Miss Grey: a short
time ago | sent a young lady
chickens foot through parcel
post She has taken offense.
and believes that smother
young man friend OF hers sent
H. she will not speak to him
and runs him down among his
friends
have been afraid to tell
them ! sent II for fear ! would
lose their friendship. meant
no harm and just did 1t for a
Joke. What shall ! do7
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1913-03-08

- gsr fssntg f-ars aas very
hfi tiqFsr sff I'lunr rarrr
~ asiaiRS rise EerF cent eauld ~
~ u 7 sg~af ~ aaor and malskry
sevx SIS rsvitrfsa oar borne was
~ ur<.ls NJ ease vas shauf ar
fp-sft - q mlna rsaid be- Ny wife
~ aerStaaiiy herEinx anh ufradinG
~ ~ aaf I lowell liquor tao wsN Z
r1fgt Fap
Kiag ws~sa would have drsua aired an
q ~ 81 hopr. bet M wife aidu-t
n ~ trying Finaiiy abaat fru
PSI ar 30 give we a sinple rernrd
sfar asasasF nava inst n world have
sre ssisss Egeu my drinking Much 60
= nirris@ 4 sfopp~d my driuklnE IN
~ = tsek aEag eFsFY ds-lre I ever
~ ~ 4iesaaiic ii9ueT have not
+. srAss drug nars
The Washington times., 1913-11-03


Rightfully considered. Virginia, George
town. Carolina A. and NJ, WASHINGTON
and Lee, South and North Carolina, "
p. l., and v. NJ. l., should come IN slor
consideration. In awarding the+utle' de-
spite the fact that some of the etams
fail to meet each other. arguments must
be made in some cases on the compara-
tive score basis, which, at best, is the
worst possible method
Nevertheless, Georgetown in defest-
ing Virginia, Washington and Lee,
Carolina A and M, and North Carolina
last year, established clear lead to
the title and was awarded the laurel
without question. This season there is
q different way of getting at it and when
the games have been counted all on the
list there are likely to be several claim
ing the lead.
In ignoring WASHINGTON and Lee and
Carolina A. and M, the University of
Virginia went a step farther this sea-
son TO take in the South. Successfully
coping with the University Of Geor-
gia, South Carolina, and overWhel1nns-
ly defeating Vanderbilt, the Charloites-
Vile eleven can rightfully MAINTAIN
a clear lead for the South At-anuc
championship. 1t is true that neither
Carolina A.. and NJ. nor washington
and Lee are met this ysaT, but Nn-
ginia, II. meeting the teams she mas on
her schedule, can claim the title II
Georgetown is defeated in the annual
game
South Atlantic division is figured, Car
olina A. and NJ, Washington and Lee
and virginia can now claim a cisar
lead In the race for the honor with
The latter leading by a large margin.
Virginia has met and defeated Ran
dolph-Macon, South Carolina, .Hamp-
den-Sydney, V. NJ. L, Georgia, and van
derbilt. V. NJ. 1. alone scored on var
Cinis, while the Charlottesville eleven
mas amassed no less than 242 points, the
best by far than any other team
washington and Lee has defeated bir-
ginia Medicos, ST. Johns, OF Annapolis,
V. p. l., Wake Forest, and Johns HOP
kins Not once has an opposing eleven
scored upon the Lexington team coached
by Larry Dowd and twice has the team
rallied on the brink OF its goal line and
STAYED off a touchdown. Without a
point scored against it Washington and
Lee has Tailed leg points this season.
From Lexington comes the inferma-
ton that Larry Dowd has gotten TO-
gether a formidable array of talent.
The average player weighs l2 while
the average height is fraction of an
inch under six feet
Three hefty members soar above the
200 mark Fats" Miller, left guard,
tops the personnel in avoirdnpois with
go In fighting togs. Big Ted Shultz.
left tackle, exceeds the lofty mark by
q -scant one-pound margin. Fullback
Beuhring, who plays fullback in the
most grueling struggles. weighs just
200.
Following the three hefties, Capt
Buck Miles. right tackle, marks 191.
The Washington times., 1913-11-03
M'G|NTY TO ISSUE
CALL FOR MORE HELP
Defeat By Sons Fails to Dis
courage Scrappy Captain of
Washington Soccer Club.

John McGinty, captain of the WASH
ington Amateur Association football
team. is out with a call for candidates
today and a general jacking up of the
eleven which was defeated by the Ralti-
more Sons of st. George in the return
engagement at the Rosedale play
grounds yesterday by to i.
We are by no means discouraged,
said Captain McGinty today. "Our boys
played we'll yesterday, but lacked the
training necessary to make a faster
combination. Our entrance in the Inter-
city League means that the standard
OF play will be higher this season and
We expect to recruit some youngsters in
the near future
For return engagements continued
Captain McGinty, I'VE will put in more
practice as the game yesterday showed
us Just what we need. Last season We
had a creditable eleven in the field after
we got fairly started and by the time
the season is on in earnest there will
be a much faster team representing the
city"
Yesterday. the Sons outplayed the
Washington eleven at every turn and
angle of the game and had 1t not been
Tor the exceptional work of Captain
McGinty the score would have bean
larger Stedman also kept the score
down by good play. Morton, of the
local team, played his usual snappy con-
The Washington times., 1913-11-03
CARLISLE PREPARES
FOR HANOVER TEAM
Indians Promise to UnCork New
Plays Against Dartmouth in
New York.

CARLISLE, Nov. 3.-After the COM
paratively easy victory over Georgetown
Saturday, Glenn Warmers Indian eleven
will now prepare for the coming clash
with the strong Dartmouth team in
New York. The team passed through
the game at Washington without in
jury, Brackiin being taken out OF the
lineup to give Larvie some needed
practice.
Carlisle may not win from Dart
mouth" said Coach Warner today, but
we shall make the Green hustle more
than Princeton did. Some Of the plays
we shall uncover against Dartmouth
will make football history. ! did not
use any of them against Georgetown
or Pennsylvania, holding them in re-
serve for the game in New York"
Wallette, who has been out of the
game for three weeks with an injured
shoulder. is expected to be in shape for
the Dartmouth game. He Will replace
Pratt at right end.
The Washington times., 1913-11-03
LOOKING FORWARD
TO BUCKNELL GAME
Middies Expect Hard Contest
When Dickson's Eleven Ap.
pears on Saturday.

ANNAPOLIS, Nd, Nov 3-Interest
in football is now at fever heat at the
Naval Academy. The overwhelming de-
feat Of the Lehigh eleven on Saturday
has confirmed the belief here that the
Navy team is one of the strongest in
the country this year, and the contest
against Bucknell on Saturday is being
anticipated with even more interest
than that against Lehigh on the past
Saturday. Bucknell, like .Lehigh. de-
feated the midshipmen last year, and
the Navy is particularly anxious to
wipe out the stain of defeat.
The fine showing Of the Bucknell team
this season has quickened the interest
in next Saturdays game, and it should
be by far the best Of the local contests
this year. Though the Navy team
played such strong football against Le-
high Saturday. Bucknell's defeat of
Pittsburgh, which tied the Navy and
defeated Cornell and the Carlisle In
teams in the East, and makes it a most
worthy opponent of the Navy team
Though Notre Dame overwhelmed the
West Point cadets on Saturday, the re-
suit has not served to make the Navy
continent feel that it will have a walk
ever in the final match. Every one here
believes that il has the stronger team
and that it will win unless something
Unforeseen happens, but the coaches
have had too much experience with
matches between the service teams to
feel at this stage of the season any alb
solute confidence in the outcome Of the
game.
1t is pointed out that West Point
lest because of its failure to diagnose
one particular play, the long diagOn-
al forward pass and that the team
may still be strong one. One thing
is felt with absolute certainty here
and that is that the Army team will
be keyed up to play its best game
when il meets the Navy. Realizing, as
its coaches must, that the Navy is
stronger individually. all sorts of
daring plays are anticipated and this
years game is likely to be much
more interesting than the punting
matches of recent years.
An element of interest has been
introduced into the situation by the
reappearance Of Nichols who. two
years ago. was regular halfback Of
the Navy team and who was just
nosed out of quarterback last season.
He played at quarter a short time
Saturday and played with great bril-
liancy, sixty-five-yard run for a touch
down being one of his stunts. Wheth-
er or not he can work Mitchell out
OF the job Is question. as that play
er has been showing fine form, but
the race between them is likely to
be the most interesting feature Of the
practice for the next few weeks.
The Washington times., 1913-11-03
0VERCONF|DENCE| IS
!. DARTNOUTH'S STORY
This Explanation Given For the
Rather Poor Showing
Against Amherst Eleven.

HANOVER. n. H. Nov. 3.-Overcon-
tidence is given as the reason for the
comparatively poor showing OF the
Dartmouth team at Amherst and this
week Coach Cavanaugh will spend all
his time hammering into the heads of
his PLAYERS the idea that Pennsylvania
VIII put up a stiff fight Saturday. Dart
mouth VIII go TO Philadelphia confident
Of winning, but this confidence will not
be strong enough to have them over
look anything once the game begins.
dartmouth saved many of its best
players last Saturday. Dunbar, Whit
ney, Loudon and Ghee did not play at
all against Amherst. They will start
at Philadelphia, though. Curtis is suf-
Ierlng from muscle bruise that may
Keep hlm on the sidelines all week
Iapt2ln Hogsett injured his weak shoul-
DER but short rest will put him in
good shape again.
The Washington times., 1913-11-03
Cornell Now Planning
For Michigan Contest

ITHACA, n. Y, Nov. 3-Cornell,
not little flushed at its good showing
Saturday against the powerful Harvard
eleven, starts tomorrow to groom itself
for the big battle with Michigan here
next Saturday. OHearne is the only
varsity player injured. and he has
merely a flesh wound above his right
eye. He will be in the scrimmage work
all week.
Cornell has every reason for being
satisfied with the results at Cam
hrideg," said Head Coach Sharpe today
Harvard was the heavier and better
trained eleven. Nevertheless, at times
but for the fine all-around work of
Charlie Brickley, the score might have
been much closer than 1t was. Now We
shall get ready for Michigan"
The Washington times., 1913-11-03
Sends Out Hurry Call
For Coaches at Yale

NEW HAVEN. Conn, Nov. a-Coach
Jones has sent out hurry call for old
Yale men to rally around the disheart-
ened varsity eleven and dozen former
football heroes are expected here this
week. George Adee, Morris Ely, and
Guy Hutchinson are coming to drill a
quarterback to replace Cornish, who
suffered q broken jaw against Colgate.
A vigorous shake-up viii be given the
eleven, Ketcham. Avery and Talbot
alone being sure Of staying on the first
team. Yale is thankful that Brown Is
not as strong as usual. for the Blue is
going to have a tough tight to finish
the season respectfully
The Washington times., 1913-11-03

vocabularly when he spoke Of the
ieather, the spheroid. the pigslxin or the
oval. but The Dartmouth, the Green
couege paper, comes forward with a
new one, the ellipsoid. Now 20 to II,
Johnny Mack. the Yale trainer, held
the watch on the punts Of Knowles and
Guernsey the other day. It showed that
from the time the ball left the ceussr's
hands on the pass to the kicker to the
time II was kicked forty-fiye yards
down the field and caught by the re-
ceiver just seven seconds on an average
were consumed. Covering forty-fiye
yards In seven seconds would be play
for any sprinter. but in this case the
ends are carrying football togs, nos rum
ming on a cinder. track, have To ret
away from an opponent trying to block
them. have to watch where the bali is
going and haven't q straight route by
any means from their position to the
catcher.
The Washington times., 1913-11-03

while Dingwall, right guard, weighs
just 19o. Heat the left end, is the
lightest player on the varsity with l54.
whelm their mates. Both Miles and
Shultz measure six feet four inches.
Center Barrow follows the lofty
linesmen with height of six feet one
inch, while Heat, Miller. and Ding
/ wall equal the mark. r. Quarterback
"Jiggs" Donahue is the diminutive
of the eleven at five feet six and a
! half inches.
: Substitutes are plentiful of the
! massive proportions. Lille, who alter
mates. with Friend at fullback, will
be classed as a regular as he enters
every struggle. Lille is six feet one
half inch and weighs 169. Bryan, a
guard, exceeds the six-foot mark by
two and half inches; and weighs
l7S in avoirdupois. Detleffson. a sub
! stitute linesman. weighs over 200, but
| lacks an inch of meeting the mark.
! Much has been told of the prowess of
Jack Hegarty's Carolina A. and NJ.
team. Carolina recently refused to meet
/ eligibility basis although Carolina signed
the contract it is understood. Tol Pen
dleton: and Tom Wilson say that He
garty's charges loaded with Tenney, for
three years Browns fullback: Sullivan,
Holy Cross halfback; McDougall, for
mer Exeter tackle and high jumper.
Riddick, the Wake Forest half, and
/ Reds Van Brocklin. captain elect of
Andover and former Georgetown end
are too much to swallow. A. and NJ.
has made 14S to 1S for opponents, de-
feating U. S. S. Franklin, Wake Forest,
Davidson, Georgetown and Virginia
Medical.
Georgetown's record is slurred by the
blot of the Carolina A. and NJ. loss,
while Virginia has so far eliminated v.
I, NJ. l. and Georgia, which might have
some claim to the South Atlantic title
The Blue and Gray meets no other
South Atlantic claimant save Virginia
( this season and SO must be eliminated
from the title search.
1t Is the Carolina A and NJ. team that
looks forward to claiming the title in
the event that II wins from Washington
and Lee. If Virginia defeats George
town and Carolina. A. and NJ puts
VIII probably have the just claim to the
title although it fails to meet the Caro-
lima Aggies and Washington and Lee
for the reason that more thoroughly
representative South Atlantic teams
have been met and defeated so far this
SEASON.
As championship claimants the other
elevens can be dismissed with practi-
cally no consideration. V P. |. has
been decisiVely defeated by Washington
and Lee. V. NJ. l.. which last year
sprang a sensation by defeating Vir-
gtnia, looked to have the making of a
fair eleven this season. but was defeat
/. ed by Virginia South Carolina has been
defeated by Virginia, North Carolina.
and Georgia, which also defeated North
Carolina.
And where will you rate Georgetown IL
the Hllltoppers come through two weeks
hence with a defeat of Virginia in the
annual classic here?
The Washington times., 1913-11-03

kE kind to your boots
II and they respond in
kind. Let them rebound
from crease and crumple
on "trees," and they serve
you tzpice as long. The mare
shoes you own, the less
they cost you per pair, for
changing off" keeps
them young, supple and
wrinkle-free.
For business-a Regal Dull Black
Calfskin (laced or burtoned)
and a Regal Mahogany Russet
(laced) and a Regal Storm or
Rough-Service Boot Qaced) for
dun-colored daysand downpours.
For afttrnson drss-a Regal
PatentLearher(butoned calf ,op)
and a Regal Patent Leather (but-
toned fancy fabric top and a
Regal Novelty Patent Leather
Qaced mahogany calfskin top.)
For rvening d,sss-a Regal Patent
Leather Pump and a Regal Dull
Black Pump and a Regal Patent
Leather Oxford (lacedD and a
Regal Patent Leather Cautioned
cloth top
For outdoor sports-a Regal Sport
Grain Leather (laced) and a
Reg al English Russet Grain
Leather (laced) and a Regal
British "Brogan" Blucher.
Exelxnvv Custom Syks
81 to IS
Regal Shoe Company
Mems & Women's Shoes,
1908 Pennsylvania Ave.
The Washington times., 1913-11-03
Playing Out the Schedule.

Out West they having
sevea equal worth almost equal worth the
the East the championship
schedule
lineup
power
Well much.
The Washington times., 1913-11-03
Phillips AT Tackle.

PRINCETON, n. j., Nov. 3.-PhiIIips
VIII return to left tackle this week. this
being the only change in the Princeton
lineup before the championship contest
with Harvard. The overwhelming viz
tory over Holy Cross has given the team
the proper spirit for the Harvard game.
son may be defeated
The Washington times., 1913-11-03
The 1913 Ranking.

different
something this
ranking tradition by what
Pittsburgh University W.
mind The smaller college eens only get shot here and there
rise from
possible justice full
but the records the field above however nged
be wonderful past
a recognized by the
vire nature he fures
will he will able
shock
We know feel about it. We knew that we
L. night brooded Owe wretched plight
The Washington times., 1913-11-03
BINGLES AND BUNTS
JOHN WESLEY cOOMBS.
By GRANTLAND RICE.

(Jack Athletics
out of the hospital-News noe)
hav upon he
.
Beyond the
Or any pennan winning oldfarhoned
ruin
Of deed Pm Jack
by any sort Of nerv WELL
Why no. final oal championship
Harvard Athletics? Erckley
meeting Collins Faker spiked
feet and bats in allatsorLng tanse.
We don't ball
But that won't keep him
the trail To a
in angle of the something
why
n the
The Washington times., 1913-11-03
Mahan May Not Play.

CAMBRIDGE. Mass. Nov. a-Eddie
Mahan may not play Saturday In the
Princeton game. An abscess on his foot
has beeh lanced and the wound Ia not
healing very rapidly Indeed, Harvard
may start against Princeton without
Trumbull. the center; Hitchcock. the
crack tacle. or O'Brien, the left end.
All are suffering from twists and
strains.
The Washington times., 1913-11-03
Tonights Bo1yling Schedule

National Capitai-Vevet Kind VS.. Casinos.
Terminal R. R. Y. M. c. A.-Trainmen VS.. Freight
Observation-Disclosures vs. War.
Westminster-Green VS.: Blue; Red VS. White.
Commercal-Star VS.. Tolman.
Arcade-Holmeads VS.. Argyles.
Colonial-Virginians VS.. Continentals.
The Washington times., 1913-11-03
Start on Challenger.

LONDON. Nov. 3.-The construction of
the Shamrock ", with which Sir
Thomas Upton will again race for the
Americas Cup next year, was begun to-
day by the Nicholson Shpbuilders at
Gosport. Sir Thomas expects to launch
the Yacht next April
The Washington times., 1913-11-03
Troians Defeated.

The Trojans were defeated by the
Mercury A c eleven by a score of 6 to
O. Joe Thomas proved TO be the hero
OF the contest. as IL was his clever run
that scored for the Mercury team.
The Washington times., 1913-11-03
Will Play For Title.

CHICAGO, Nov. 3.-As result Of Sat-
urday's contests, Chicago and Mime
sofa will play for the conference cham
pionship Chicago is the only Big
Nine" team undefeated, Nebraska de-
featug Minnesota.
The Washington times., 1913-11-03
Spartans Ahead.

The Trinity team proved to be no
match for the Spartan eleven ycster-
day. the Georgetown team losing by n
SS-to-o score. Mike Cantwell starred for
the winners.
The Washington times., 1913-11-03
SECTIONAL EL,EVENS
PRESENT a PROBLEM
VIRGINIA. Carolina and M and Washington and Lee Claim
South Atlantic Title Last Two Meet Together But
Have No Engagement at Charlottesville.
By BRYAN MORSE.

Football in the South Atlantic section this promises be
more complex years One far dur
ing the the dopesters work trying figure out
which of five aspfant rghtu claim IFS, butts and
ands enter the calculation of but the present time V
eiua Washington and Carolina and M cutting quite
dash for the premier The records of the three teams give
The Washington times., 1913-11-03
TEAM HAS
FEW STAR PLAYERS
Coaches at Annapolis Are Training Aggregation
Famous for 0Id-Fashoned Teamwork-"liube" Waqner
Receives Many Boosts for Big Honors
By LOUIS A. DoucHrR.

Name right ohand the bright particular in the Navy battle
lme Can't do t9 No. and few for the Navy without
surprising his team mates stars an
eleven capable of playing its game from whistle to whistle each
player acquttng himself with sacrificing himself to the
That's the Navy eleven of 1919 the soldiers are going to
find themselves outfit Grounds
The Washington times., 1913-11-03

Coobs the Athletics pitcher is much better and will be
hospal-News note)
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1913-12-04
DIARY OF FATHER TIME

The modern massage treatments
are adopted from customs of the most
remote times. The Arabians mas
saged themselves and each other aft
er battles, etc., and the women of an
cient Roman days used to rub and
knead the heroes on their return
from the fields of war. In India, I'M
der the name of shampoo, the same
process was used from time imme-
mortal. Alexander the Great enjoyed
his messages and in 327 B. C. the
treatment was also given by Greeks,
Romans, Egyptians and Turks.
Medicinal rubbing is older and
more elementary than bathing, as
the savages rubbed themselves with
ointments and salVes instead of bath
ing, a practice no doubt arising from
natural instinct shared by lower ami
mails,