davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1913-12-17
To Grow Hair on
A Bald Head
nv A sPEcTAIJsT

q A SPECIALIST.
thousands of people suffer from
badness and falling hair who, having
tried nearly every advertised hair tonic
ana hair-grower without results, have
resigned themselves to badness and its
attendant discomfort. Yet their case is
not hopeless; the following simple
nome prescription has made hair grow
after years of badness, and is also un-
equalied for restoring gray hair to its
original color, stopping hair from fall
ing out, and destroying the dandrun
germ. 1t Will not make the hair greasy,
and can be put up by any druggist: Bay
Rum, ounces; Lavona de Compose,
ounces; Menthol Crystals. one-half
drachm- II you wish it perfumed. add
l drachm of your favorite perfume.
This preparation Is highly recommend
ed by physicians and specialists, and Is
absolutely harmless. as ii contains none
of the poisonous wood alcohol so fire.
quentIy found in hair tonics.-Ady.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1913-12-17

3. Dwiggins' addition. and for Mary X.
Jenkins of California, lots 1 to 30 in
block 3, Billiards. addition to Griffith.
Mr.. Smith has been appointed exclusive
agent for the sale and renting of the
Harriet Swartz property in the south
side of town, and says that interest in
Griffith real estate is becoming active.
The Northern Indiana Gas & Electric
Company OF Hammond, have a large
gang of men here today completing the
installation Of the towns electric light
and power system which has been un-
der construction for several weeks
past If nothing unforeseen happens.
they expect to turn on the Juice" by
December %. This is a final progress
sive step which places the town in a
position to meet all the requirements
of industrial enterprises locating her
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1913-12-17

Help the children secure a life-like
bust of Jafes Whitcomb Riley and q
large manipulated picture of the old
Swimmin' Hole" by buying Riley pin
of then. at ten cents each One dollar
of the amount secured goes into fund
for the erection of a statue memorial
of our great poet, and the rest goes for
the actual cost of the above treasures.
His books are in our library and his
poems are In cur school readers. and 1t
is only proper that we should have his
picture in our school The school board
could of course, buy these things OUT
right, but that would rob the children
of the pleasure of feeling that they
were the means by which these fine me-
MORALS OF their best loved poet Were
secured.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1913-12-17

ARE YOU A TIMES READER.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1913-12-17
ROBERTSDALE.

Mrs. Clifford Green and daughter
Marguerite. and Mrs. Kenmore attend
ed the Orpheum theater in Hammond
yesterday.
Fred Langohr of the Hammond fire
department visited his parents. Mr.. and
Mrs. stephen Langhor of Indiana boule-
ward. Monday.
Misses Anna Studor and Clara Kor-
sczyk were guests of friends IN Ham
mond, Sunday.
Edward Jewett of Pearl street was
a Chicago business visitor Tuesday.
Mr.. and Mrs. William Thrailkill of
Hammond. were guests of Mr.. and Mrs.
Frank Schultz of Harrison avenue,
Sunday.
Mrs Joseph Rhinesberger of Har-
rison avenue. still remains very Ill at
her home.
Mrs. p. Mclaughlin of Roberts ave.
nue.. was a South Chicago visitor yes
| terday.
| Mr.. and Mrs. Edward Langhor and
| son Of East Side, visited at the Bader
and Langohr homes, Sunday.
| Mr. and Mrs. James Clabby of Har-
rison avenue, attended the Orpheum
| theater. Sunday evening.
/ Mr.. and Mrs. Keanan OF Roberts ave-
/ nue., spent Sunday in Chicago with
friends.
| Little Ruth Harmon is confined to her
home with an attack Of the grip.
Hollis Hunter of Hammond, was a
guest at the Flick home In Harrison
[ avenue, Sunday.
Miss Emma Kasch spent Sunday In
South Chicago visiting friends.
Mrs E. A Christensen and daughter
Dorothy. were guests of the formers
grandparents. Mr.. and Mrs. Upton OF
Lagrange, Ill. Monday.
Mrs. NJ. e. Hubbard and children OF
Indiana boulevard, were South Chicago
visitors Monday evening.
Robert Atcheson and son Vernon. and
Paul Stanton. spent the weekend al
Crocker. InG.
+ Misses Nettse Horlbeck and Mary Ad-
ley visited Hammond friends Sunday
evening.
Mr.. and Mrs. A. H. Burgeson and
daughter Adele. of Roberts avenue, Wis.
tied friends and relatives at Cicero
ILL.,. over Sunday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Ware of Chicago, Wis
tied at the Landon home in Pearl street
Sunday.
Mr.. and Mrs. George Gerke attended
the christening of the little son o.
Mr.. and Mrs. Charles Valscak Of Eas'
Side Sunday.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1913-12-17
WHITING.

The very best Christmas gift for the
boy. Give him pass book in the Whit
ing Savings and Loan association This
will provide him with a splendid six
per cent investment. Morton Trout.
president: Henry S. Davidson, secre-
tary. office 500 Clark street.
17eod4t
Mr.. and Mrs. Harrison Burns of $50
Ohio avenue. entertained Sunday at a s
o'clock dinner in honor of their son
Harry. of Michigan City, who was re-
Gently married to Miss Chloe Beamer
of Valparaiso. The out of town guests
who attended were: Mr.. and Mrs. Sam
ue1 Burns; Mr.. and Mrs. Harry Burns.
Mrs. Levi Burns, Mrs. Charles Mason
and daughter Anna. all of Michigan
city; Mrs. Dora Siegmund of Chicago;
Mr.. and Mrs. George Obiinger and
daughter Helen of Hammond: and Mr..
and Mrs. Elmer shannon of whiting.
Mayor Beaumont Parks left wednes-
day night for business trip to De-
troit.
The D. of l. will give a dance We'd
nesday evening in /. o. o. F. hall.
Bert Brockman. who Is employed in
the B. & o. tower, has submitted his
resignation to the company and is con-
templating going south owing to his
poor health.
THE Oxford Players" as members OF
the Whiting lecture course, will ap-
pear at the Auditorium this evening
] The company consists of flve artists
| both in music and reading, and the
program promises to be one of the bes,
| of the course.
| Xmas and New Year post cards az
| Kolb's. 17eod3t
| Frank Muldoon has resumed his du-
/ ties at the Consumers Ice Company
after long illness. as the result of an
operation.
illiam Meyers of West Pullman, Wis
/ tied in Whiting yesterday.
No Xmas gift will be more appreci-
ated than a Kodak. Get 1t at Kolb's
/ 17eod st
The next regular meeting of the L
o. T. NJ has been postponed to. Janu-
airy 7. owing to the regular meeting
falling on Christmas eve
| Mrs. George l. Girard was called te
Crown Point by the Illness of hel
mother
The members and officers of the d. o,
r. order will meet at the hall at
p. m. sharp. tonight.
The Pinafore" which was given b,
the Christian church at Hammond and
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1913-12-17
HOBART.

The funeral OF the infant daughter
of Mr.. and Mrs. H zoljeck which died
last Sunday, was held yesterday.
Mrs. II. Halstead and Mrs. Brink were
Chicago visitors yesterday
Mrs. D. Mackey was a Gary visitor
yesterday.
The Messrs. Thompson and Stoltz and
Miss H. Quinnell were Hammond Wis
itors yesterday.
The Messrs. Barnes. William KILL
grew. J. Ittel and William F1eck trans
acted business in Chicago Heights yes
terday.
The Modern Priscilla club will meet
with Miss Alta Halsted this week, on
Thursday afternoon.
Gus Escherich who lives at Liverpool
is seriously III, having injured his side
last Monday, by falling down the cellar
steps.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1913-12-17
. K =
From the Diary of 81. Lence

HEX Spence seq Montgom'ry Ward &
Co. do sum peepurs business when they
hev money in Crown Point an Center
township when they amt.
There'd be a hull lot o. exposure ef
1t wuzn't fer sum furs.
Obituary.
John Mangold, one of Crown Points
oldest residents and a pioneer settler
OF this community, died at the home of
his daughter. Mrs. Peter G.. Fagen, on
East street. on December 16, 1913. MT.
Mangold was born In wittenberg. Ger
America in 1854 and settling at Crown
Point. then nearly a wilderness. He
has been a continual resident OF the
county seat since that time, which
made him one of the oldest settlers in
the county. He married Elizabeth Wa
gonblast in the year 1859, the couple
living to celebrate their golden we'd
ding anniversary in July, 1909. Ten
children were born to this union, six
of them living at the present time, 20
grandchildren and nine great grand
children also living to honor the mem
DRY Of their respected forbears. Mr.
Mangold's wife died in the year 1910
and he has never rallied from the
shock and the bereavement following
her demise The funeral will be held
at the Lutheran church at 2 o'clock or
Thursday afternoon, the burial being
in the family lot in the Crown Point
cemetery.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1913-12-17

After receiving a letter from sis
ter-in-law in Illinois telling of the
death of her husband. Mrs. Thomas
Witherow married John Gardner last
February. Today husband No. 1 APP
peared and swoFe out an affidavit at
Evansville charging this woman with
bigamy,
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1913-12-17
Fat is fatal to Health, Comfort, Hap
fatal to Life

curt n
this who to
ADIPO TREATMENT
widely
thousand
ADIPO TREATMENT itself FAT PEOPLE
KNOW THEIR OWN TROUBLES. - = -
vknowal about and heu-t p u
Kidney Troubles VJUU UUA ~ - -
that come with H Hm
to cured and Of them have tried
still
fat We know that ADIPo TREATMENT ust what they take;
Write asking the FREE of ADIPO TREATMENT
Address ADIPO CO.. 1874 Adpo Building. New York.
absolutely
should their liberal offer
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1913-12-17

McHie,s Canadian Club at 10 cents
per can. Nothing better. Nine coupons
will get you a Gnfet yrasor-Aav.
The Twin City star. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1910-19??, 1913-01-25

was quite natural that DR.. Porter's
trend Of mind would lean toward the
medical profession.
The success which DR.. Porter is
having now is nothing like as interest
ing to those who are familiar with
her even tenor Of life as the fact of
how, almost single handed, she made
her way up from obscurity to promi-
hence In a profession in which not SO
many women of the race are repre-
scented. Within ten years she has built
up large clientele.
There are few cities or towns in
Tennessee Of any considerable size in
which DR.. Porter Is not known. For
time she was located in Nashville, but
as her practice grew she found that
Memphis would be a more convenient
center from which to reach the larger
number Of those who desired her serv-
ices.
In religious circles she is we'll known
and bears the reputation Of a woman
Of strong integrity and devotion to
racial advancement. Always generous,
sympathetic and kind, she has a host
Of friends, who lavish upon her their
confidence and esteem. Perhaps no
other factor is more necessary in the
struggles Of race than individual ef-
fort. On this no doubt depend In
large measure the solidarity and hope
Of the masses.
The achievements Of the race thus
far have been remarkable. The in
terest which the women have taken
has been potent factor in every
movement for betterment Their clubs,
mutual benefit societies and religious
organizations have been the leaven In
the lump by which our home life has
been kept active and secure.
The Twin City star. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1910-19??, 1913-01-25
IT PAYS TO Advertise.

We claim to be the best advertising
medium of tho Twin Cities, and when
you're not advertised in the Tw,r
City Star. you need not show-that's
all. Because the people read the
Star for the news, especially In Min.
neapoIIs. The day Of the Town Crier
is past. Be up-to-date. Advertise and
Pay for II. A newspaper is the best
medium. It reaches the homes and
firesides Of people who attend public
entertainments. These people never
go out and loiter around and read
hand-bills and hang.up notices. They
read tho Twin City Star.
The Twin City star. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1910-19??, 1913-01-25
UnfaIrnsss Of Public Segregation.

All attempts at segregation In our
public school system should be met
with the strongest possible opposition.
The same must be done in regard to
public conveyances. such as. railroads,
steamboats,, street cars and the like.
The false notion Of some people that
separation Of the races breeds friend
ship and promotes peace is as Illogical
AZ damraing river to keep It from
overlooking its banks. No class Of citi-
zens in republic like ours should BE-
Inundated by selfish and unjust legis-
lation.
The Twin City star. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1910-19??, 1913-01-25
A REAL NEWSPAPER.

A newspaper isn't simply q bare
chronicler of events. It ia q personal
ity. It comes into your house almost
as q member Of your family.
What sort Of q person do you like
to have visit you?
He ought to be honest, courageous,
no hypocrite, and q gentleman, with
. real interest in you, ready to lend
q hand II you need help. Cheerful
ness and good humor are excellent
qualities, and q wide range Of in.
terests.
What do you find in The Star?
It has opinions, of course, and It
speaks them out freely. They are its
own and they are not Influenced by
outside interests. The square deal is
it's platform.
In handling news 1t observes the
decencies and amenities of life. It
never wantonly brings shame or sor
row to any home. It's advertisements
are clean.
II the Twih City Star does not
bring you something Of interest In
any particular issue, 1t has failed by
SO much that week. It takes Of its
hat and apologies for having bored
you as q visitor.
But It trusts this doesn't often hap
pen. Not often, does It?
The Twin City star. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1910-19??, 1913-01-25
WHAT CONSTITUTES A SUB
ScRIBER7

A court decision has lately been
rendered in Massachusetts, on what
constitutes q subscriber.
The Judge firmly believed that a
man who received the paper, although
he never subscribed for It, is entitled
to pay. James Thompson moved,
and William Robinson took imme-
date possession, and received and &C
cepted weekly newspaper that was
delivered to him through the mails
every week. The goodnatured editor
sent accounts frequently. but no At
tention was paid to them by Mr.. Rob-
inson. Finally there was day Of
reckoning. Robinson had received
the paper for some time, he informed
the collector. but he said that he
never subscribed and declined to pay
for It, The Judge personally ques-
toned the defendant, who said that
he read and made use Of It and was
receiving the accounts, which were
frequently enclosed in the paper.
Judgment was rendered In favor Of
the newspaper.
The Judge was severe in his crit.
cism Of people who are receiving pa
pers and do not think It worth while
to pay for what they receive and
make use of 1t as an act of dishon-
esty. he said one should acQuaint the
publisher and pay for what numbers
he receives.-X.
The Twin City star. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1910-19??, 1913-01-25
CHURCHES.

NnOnS1ESs f4s.skaff
ct. THOMAS EPISCOPAL scURcH
9Th Ave. So. and 9th st. MINI.
Rev A. II. Lealtad, Rector.
Service at o'clock p m.
All are Invited. Come.
ST. PETERS A. M. Z. CHURCH, FAD st.
between 9Th and 10th AYES Services
every Sunday 1880 q. m. and 500 o. m.
Sunday school at 1880. Rev. 3. II.
Lewis. Pastor.
ST. JAMES A. M. Z. CHURCH, s16
Eighth Ave. So. Sunday services at II
q. m, p. m. Sunday School at p. m.
Rev. z. r. Edwards, Pastor.
BETHESDA BAPTIST CHURCH, llso
Eighth Street So. Preaching every
Sunday morning and evening. Rev. +.
]. Carter, Pastor.
ZION eAPTIsT CHURCH, 9Th Avenue
N. and 9Th st. Services morning and
evening each SUNDAY. Rev. M. w.
Withers. rasuor.
The Peoples Christian Mission,
Rev. q. w. Mitchell
1904 Washington Ave. So.
The Twin City star. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1910-19??, 1913-01-25
CELEBRATION AT HAMPTON.
Dean Moore Delivers Optimistic Ad-
~ dress on Race Progress.

Dean Moore Delivers Optimistic Al.
+. dress on Race Progress.
Interesting public exercises commem-
Grating the fiftieth anniversary Of the
emancipation proclamation were re-
Gently held in the Hampton lVa.) in
stitute gymnasium. Nearly thou.
sand colored citizens of Hampton and
the neighboring communities. led by
their ministers, assembled with the
Hampton student body to review the
fifty years Of Negro progress.
DR.. Lewis B. Moore, dean Of the
Teachers college Of Howard univer-
sity, Washington, delivered the chief
address. His able address dealt with
the important factors in the Negroes
marked success during the past fifty
years-work, faith, honesty, patriotism,
education, optimism and opportunity.
DR.. Moore declared that America, in
spite of any of its shortcomings. Is the
best country on the face of the earth.
for 1t has the best opportunities for all
classes. A land Astounding In great op-
portunities has its serious problems
temperance, divorce, immigration. SAM
tation, education and the commingling
Of races.
The speaker also declared that eman-
cipation had injected new problem
into American life and had brought the
south the problem for which men Of
that generation were not responsible.
He showed that when men failed to
solve the Negro problem by ordinary
methods then came Christianity and
education to help the Negro to assimi-
late American civilization. He said,
however, that the best measure Of Ne
gro progress lies in what the race has
done for itself.
Then he pointed out that the Negro
has lived when many predicted he
must die. At present the Negro birth
rate is equal to that Of representative
European countries. "The Negro race
is the only race on EARTH" he said,
"that has ever looked the white man in
the eye and lived" Then he showed
clearly that everywhere white and COL
ored people have important interests
In common.
During fifty years Of PROGRESSES the
Negro has reduced bis illiteracy from
about 81 per cent to less than 35 per
cent. One and a half million Negro
pupils are now enrolled in the common
schools. 1t is estimated there are &c, 900
Negro teachers, 1900 ministers, 1000
doctors, 800 or 900 lawyers, as well as
a very large company Of farmers and
business men.
1--WE cannot have law abiding coun-
try by breaking the law" This was the
summary of DR.. Moore's advice to the
colored people. He urged his fellow
workers to work together, to be coura.
geous, but not hot headed; to pull to-
gether with the white man and to real
iSs more fully that the world Is grow
ing better every day.
The Twin City star. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1910-19??, 1913-01-25
LEFT AN ORPHAN,
But MADE GOOD
Rise Of Dr.. Sadie {. Porter as
Race BenefactOr.
POPULAR WITH, THE MASSES.

Story Of an Ambitious Woman Whe
Trod Difficult Path From obseurity
70 Important Place In Professional
lhe-Thrown Upon Own Resources.
Helped by Sympathetic Friend.
Memphis, Tenn.-For genuine, ster-
ling success Of the variety that Is at
tanned only by hard work and thor.
oughness in every detail is in every
way applicable to DR.. Sadie r. Porter
Of this city. She Is a native Of ST..
Louis, Mo-, and was left an orphan at
an early age. Through the kind be-
nevolence of a white woman who
adopted her she was reared to wom-
anhood. .a..s,-.. ..-..
DR.. Porter is In many respects what
the world is pleased to call self
made woman. Deprived of parental
care and advice in early life, she learn
ed the lesson Of self help and individ-
ual effort up through many hard strug-
giles. The friend by whom she was
adopted was physician, so that it
The Twin City star. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1910-19??, 1913-01-25

1.-THE most vIrtuous creature In the
United States Of America 10 q vlr-
tuous Negro woman. Her resisting and
enduring powers are Of the highest
order. In this she ls q prototype and
phropheey Of what her race 10 to be,
n II will overcome. Her character 10
often assaiIed In fact, and her repu-
tatIon more often assaIIed In Islander.
Prof. Pickens.
The Twin City star. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1910-19??, 1913-01-25

A poem like this might well date
a new emancipation of the race-an
emancipation from any timid doubts
Of ultimate justice, or servile fears
to assert their right Of manhood. Such
a literary inspiration may do as much
for the spiritual elevation Of the
colored people as Lincoln's proclama-
ton did for their political elevation
Minneapolis Tribune, Jan. II, 1913.
The Twin City star. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1910-19??, 1913-01-25

No! Stand erect and without fear,
And for our foes let this suffice
We've bought rightful sonship here,
And we have more than paid the
price.
And yet, my brothers. well I know
The tethered feet, the pinioned
wings.
Il The heart grown faint from wounds
The spirit bowed beneath the blow,
and stings;;
The staggering force of british
might, 49,. ..,
That strikes and leaves us stunned
and dazed;
The long. vain waiting through the
night.
To hear some voice for justice
raised. ....
Full we'll know the hour when hope
Sinks dead, and round us every.
where
Hangs sitting darkness, and we
grope
/. With hands uplifted in despair.
Courage! Look out, beyond, and see
The far horizons reckoning span!
Faith in your God-known destiny!
We are part Of some great plan.
Because the tongues of Garrison
And Phillips are now cold in death,
Think you their work can be undone?
Or quenched the fires lit by their
breath?
Think you that John Browns spirit
&. stops2
That Lovejoy was but idly slain?
Or do you think those precious drops
From Lincoln's heart were shed in
vain?
That for which millions prayed and
sighed,
That for which tens of thousands
/. fought,
For which so many freely died,
God cannot let It come to naught.
-. JAMES w. JOHNSON.
The Twin City star. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1910-19??, 1913-01-25

The Catholic Church has done more
for the American Negro than any
other Of the religious denominations
or political porties. It's leaders have
drawn around black men the magic
circle of the church" and held at bay
the riotruffians Of the North as we'll
as the hell-hounds of the South.
verily-"More sharper than q SER
pents' tooth is an ungrateful child.
The Twin City star. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1910-19??, 1913-01-25

LODGES.
ORDER OF THE EASTERN STAR.
Deputy, InstaIis and organizes Chap.
tiers Of The o. e. Star. Pleased to
consult any one interested. Residence
Mrs. Anna q. Harris, Grand District
2s5 Rondo st., st. Paul, MINI.
The Twin City star. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1910-19??, 1913-01-25
Order Of Eastern star Prosperous.

Order Of Eastern Star Prosperous.
The Masonic fraternity was well rep
resented In connection with Esther
chapter No. 7, Order of the Eastern
Star, as the entertaining body at the
fourth annual convocation Of the grand
chapter of the order for Pennsylvania,
held in Pittsburgh on Thursday and
Friday. Nov. 81 and ~. The reports
show that the order was In prosper
Gus condition. Mrs. Agnes Collision 10
the royal matron Of Esther chapter.
The Twin City star. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1910-19??, 1913-01-25
ST. PAUL.

st. James A. M. {. Church, Rev. ~.
p. Jones, Pastor, Cor. Jay and Fuller
SITS. All are welcome.
ZION PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH.
Services II A. M. and 8 P. M. Rev.
G. w. Camp, Pastor. All are well
come.
The Twin City star. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1910-19??, 1913-01-25

Wherever any race or group Of PEG
pie learn to do a common thing in an
uncommon way. by putting brain,
skill and conscience into labor. that
race or group Of people is likely to
solve all the problems that surround
them."-Dr. Washington.
The Twin City star. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1910-19??, 1913-01-25
THE DIGNITY or LABOR.

The Negro, who Is ashamed to labor
with pick and shovel Is generally
Unidentified with the loafing and
criminal class-the destructive ele-
ment Of the race.
The Twin City star. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1910-19??, 1913-01-25
JUSTICE TO ALL.

Equal and exact Justice to all citiz-
ems of whatever nationality, race,
color, or persuasion. A free ballot
and a fair count. Grover Cleveland.
The Twin City star. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1910-19??, 1913-01-25

Always Is 1t faith In someone or
something that inspires US to lift our
work above the commonplace.
The Twin City star. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1910-19??, 1913-01-25
DO IT NOW.

We beg that those who are Indebt
ed TO us, send 10 their subscription
BY p o. Order.
SEND YOUR SUBSCRIPTION.