davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-01-05

so dozen The cloths for the after
noon tea tables are particularly attrac-
tive.
The Japanese and Chinese embrOideries,
SO much i'm demand "a few years ago, are
less popular than they were. but they are
: always good. A set consisting OF tea
cloth, a dozen napkins and half dozen
doilies, bought recently by leader IN So
ciety brought $3.50. The pattern OF wmte
water lilies traced on pale blue linen nau
a distinction all it's own. and while it did
not at first glance appear different from
many sets displayed on the counters IL
had the value which accrues from spe-
cial order. There is so much in Know
ing that exact duplicates cannot be pro-
cured.
In view of the recent agitation concern
ing the practice Of cross-labeling comes
tic articles with foreign names 1t may be
reassuring to the average woman to know
that all her table linen is imported and
that she cannot possibly be misled when
she goes to a sale Damask is never man
ufactured in this country, and probably
never will be, for the dry climate causes
the breaking of the f1axen threads. The
nearest we approach anything like linen
is in the mercerized fabrics which de-
ceive no one.
Towels continue to be more and more
deliberately embroidered. Many Of them
bear, in addition to the scailoped edges
and the monogram. intricate vines and
complex conventional designs. The plain
linen has precedence over the old-fash-
toned damask for the most costly invest
ments. but the practical woman etill buys
the huckaback. which now appears In
fine weaves and with hemstitched or en-
broidered hems The colored borders
have disappeared from the best towels
and are seen only in the cheapest bar
gains
And that reminds the shopper that
everything is unrelieved white-almost
everything. for now and then tracery
of blue or yellow embroidery appears.
A few colored breakfast cloths In all
shades are still offered. but only the very
young bride who wants to match her
pink neglige or the green ribbons on
the lace cap which conceals her careless
couture Is likely to buy them,
For the woman who likes bizarre elects
in the early hours of the day linens OF
natural color are chosen, and they are
embroidered in strong colors, REDS, greens
and blues being employed In artistic
designs. One Of these sets. which 70
almost Russian in Its effect. 10 In green
and red with monogram In the corners
where a geometrical figure has been
cleverly worked in. This cloth might De
mistaken for a summer lap covering Ior
the motor car, but its price is 100.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-01-05

fur coats. and this knowledge is especially
acceptable now because of two conditions
the reduction in prices and the lack of
cold weather until late in the season.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-01-05
What the Shopper Sees.

~>~S Sse~
A new tea strainef II shown in the
form of small basket woven Of silver
wires II stands In q little dripping bowl
Of glass, with three knobs for feet.
The craze for little artificial flowers
has entered even the baby's realm. Knit
ted silk mittene for tots Of two or three
years have q tiny blue or pink silk rose
fastened at tho wrist.
Silver egg trays are a new idea. Each
tray or basket shows two depressions for
boiled eggs. 70 carries also q receptacla
for salt and pepper and two glass egg
oups. The prices Of these trays range
from e to SIC.
A silver porringer. which would put any
child In q Joyous frame of mind. has two
comical bulldogs heads for stubby ham
dies, which can be easily grasped and held
by small banda
Fashionable back combs are of tortoisea
shell with pearls and emeralds set onI
tiny pedestals Of gold.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-01-05

The plain cloths it must be understood.
are not SO much to be desired unless they
are Of the very finest weave. and 1t is i'm
perative that they should be laundered
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-01-05

The cluny lace remains the favorite FOR
tea cloths and doilies where the Ma
deira embroideries are not chosen, but
the vogue Of the fine eyelet and delicate
scallop increases rather than diminishes
The Madeira doilies come In sets OF
many sizes and vary in price from $40 to
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-01-05

gowns will carry tunics and have skirts
draped in any one of the dozen fashions
that have prevailed this year.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-01-05

a FTER the frenzy Of Christmas
~ shopping women are in just the
"A proper mood to enjoy the annual
Il sales Of white goods. which each
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-01-05

Once more linen sheets are coming into
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-01-05

wool latine or velour he line and these
are the fabrics which make mp the ma
jority of suits this winter
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-01-05

The sleeve of the new linen coats and
gowns are frequently three-quarter
length and slightly flowing.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-01-05

Ramie linen and fine French linen are
used in combination on the new spring
morning frocks.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-10-04
Not For Good Soils

Green manuring as definite farm
practice can be recommended only
under certain conditions. It Is profit
able in upbuilding poor soils and in
improving the physical conditions OF
sandy, clayey. and adobe soils. In
orchards green manures may. as a
rule. be used advantageously, as they
do not interfere with the fruit crops.
Green manuring cannot be recon-
mended ON good soils except at long
intervals, when there Is reason to be-
lieve there is need either Of more
humus or more nitrogen. Where red
clover or alfalfa can be used in rota-
ton the need Of a special green ma
nure is seldom felt. The reason lies
In the fact about one-third Of the
weight Of the clover plant and nearly
one-half Of that Of alfalfa Is In the
root. 50 that these plants virtually pro-
duces green manure crop under the
ground in addition to the regular crop
Of hay. Sweet clover is another plant
of this glass and OF wide adaptation as
to soil and climate. but unfortunately
the hay is not readily eaten by cattle.
SO that It is. used in limited sections
only.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-10-04
THAT EXTRA DOLLAR.

1t requires approximately seven dol
lars per acre to grow a crop. This
includes interest on, the investme nt.
cost OF seed. wear and tear on farm
machinery. labor. etc. BY adding one
dollars worth of labor to each acre,
there Is little question but that the
average profits would be doubled. In
other words, as much profit should be
realized from the one additional dol
lars worth of labor as is now realized
from the seven dollars worth Of I'M
avoidable labor and investment Con-
sequently II farmers would devote one
third of their land to growing corn
and alfalfa. neither Of which fnterferes
with the time and labor employed in
farming wheat, and put one-third
more labor. thus make available on
only two-thirds as many acres Of
wheat. they would grow more wheat
than where they spread their energies
over one-third larger acreage. The
corn and alfalfa fed to live stock
would insure them large additional
income. and one that is not often adj
yersely influenced by climatic condi-
tons, while the fertility deposited upon
the farm resulting from feeding the
corn and alfalfa to live stock would
vastly improve the productiveness OF
the soil.-J. H. Worst. North Dakota.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-10-04
Farmer is Handy With Tools an Does

The first silos built in this country
were much too large for the average
farmer. and the expense was so great
as to deter many men from building.
During the past five or six years. how
ever. plans have been greatly modi-
fed and today a very good silo can be
built for 5000 up. y
The cost Of stave silo is probably
less than that Of any other. One that
is 16 feet in diameter and about IS
feet high will hold $50 tons; and this
can be constructed at cost around
5000 If a farmer Is handy with tools,
and does not have to employ car
penter. it can be done for little less.
Manufacturers now make excellent
stave silos and ship them knocked
down. ready to put up at almost any
price to suit. The objection to stave
silos Is that they are liable to shrink
in the summertime and need more re-
pairing than those made Of stone,
cement. brick and other materials.
It is. of course. good policy to build
permanently when one can AFFORD to
do So And, in fact. 1t IL question
whether q cheap silo Is ever worth
while.
A silo 20 feet in diameter and 80
feet high will hold about 200 tons and
If built Of stone, the cost will reach
between $3.50 and 800. A brick silo
OF the same size would cost about $3.50
to $500. = s&s
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-10-04
MARRIED COUPLES ON THE FARM

The greatest source Of satisfactory
farm help in the west has been in the
married couples. The employment Of
these solves to some extent both the
domestic snd farm help problem and
we wish that many more couples were
available. There is an objection, how
ever, to this plan Of hiring married
couples. It Is very difficult to secure
man and his wife who are both COM
petent. In many cases the one is q
good servant and the other a poor one.
BY discharging the poor one the
farmer is forced to lose them both
and Is consequently greatly inconveni-
enced. Where any farmer is fortunate
enough to have a satisfactory man ana
his wife as help on the farm. he should
be willing to build separate house for
them, give them a mich COW, small
plot for a garden and other convent
ences to make a home for them, thus
securing probably the most permanent
kind OF help to be obtained.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-10-04

silos are more efiicient and economical
than other types.
I. The walls should be sufYiciently
|non-conducting to prevent excessive
freezing,-especially so when the
silage Is to be fed during cold weather.
8. The walls should be sufficiently
firm or sufficiently well anchored to
prevent cracking due to settling or
racking due to wind.
.. The doors should be 20 designed
that a minimum amount Of silage has
to be removed before they can be
Opened.
Z. A good ladder should be pro-
vided with steps from Is inches to IS
inches apart ana at least 81 inches
away from. the silo or walls Of the
chute.
8. The foundation should be heavy
we'll made. and reach below the frost
line.
>. A good roof makes the silo more
durable. adds greatly to its appear
ance, and If tight assists materially In
keeping tho silage from freezins.
silos which have the above features
will be found convenient, cause little
trouble. and, when properly filled. will
keep the siiage in perfect condition.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-10-04
Beef Famine
Threatened?

Every now and then the statement
appears In the papers that the pro-
6uction Of beef In this country is fall
ng away steadily: that the situation,
N consequence Is becoming unusual
even serious: that unless change Is
brought about in some way alarming
conditions may result Even the de-
partment Of agriculture at Washing
ton has give" the matter consideration.
and brought to the attention Of the
country at large the rapidly decreasing
percentage Of live stock to population.
But is there in reality any danger
OF beef famine In store for us? Now,
II must be admitted that the state
ments made in regard to the gradual
decrease Of live stock production in
the United States are true, and repre-
sent affairs as they are, today. But
there are also conditions and influences
at work beneath the surface of things
which must be reckoned with In arriv-
ing at the true solution Of this prob
lem. ....rf ..r' s +.
There is a reason for the steady de-
crease In production shown. and one
which is to become more and more
potent. too. from now on. In this
result of an established cause. working
itself out In its own time and way.
For very long time the flesh Of
animals was universally regarded as
necessarily the chief article Of diet
suitable to man. But little by little
the consciousness is dawning upon the
human mind that this Is not alto
gether true: that the plant world all
about us was intended to supply us
largely with necessary nutriment. The
truth which scientists have SO long
been proclaiming that many vege-
tables are in reality quite as ncurish-
Ing as flesh is at last beginning to be
Needed
1t may be that a famine is impend-
Ing for that old, cannibalistic, flesh
eating tendency of the human race.
which Is at last to be starved out Of
our natures and put to flight by the
steadily advancing and refining in
nuences OF modern civilization. Beef
production may be, yes, certainly IL
decreasing every day, but this is he
cause fruit and vegetable growing
have got 1t routed and on the rim
Ana the better taste and judgment of
the country at large will not be Of
Tended because this is so.-R. B. B.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-10-04
MARKETING HAY.

As a separate industry, growing and
! marketing of hay in the United States
is comparatively new. ists
X Prior to 1870 marketing was sim
pie matter. and was carried on In q
somewhat haphazard manner. Little
! hay was shipped more than twenty OF
thirty miles. In many instances the
producer sold his product directly to
1 the consumer. and there was little
need for standard grades or bales or
for other trade rules.
The growing of hay for the market
has now Aecome one Of the leading
industries In many parts of the coun-
try. 1t is estimated that about ~ per
cent Of the 1912 hay crop. or over
100000 tons. was removed from the
farms.
There is a considerable differeDce In
the demands Of the Individual markets
In the various sections of the country
in regard to the size and weight Of the
bale and the kind and grade Of hay
which brings the best price. Certain
practices In baling and marketing
cause a loss to the producer. which
could be avoided If proper adherence
to the requirements Of the market to
which the hay 10 shipped were ob-
served.
How to dispose Of low grade hay Is
a vital problem with every one who
handles this class Of hay. and every
dealer has more or less of It; usually
more low grade hay than any other
kind. The shippers, receivers. and
dealers can help much in solving this
perplexing problem. The country
buyer and shipper especially can help
materially. and should use every fair
means in his power to lessen the
trouble caused by low grade hay, The
first step in-the right direction Is for
the producer to learn the different
grades OF hay. 1t Is just as important
for him as it is for the city buyer to
know the grades.
If hay sells by grade in the country
the man who has the poorest product
will receive less than he does now, AT
present the man who has choice hay
receives less than 1t Is worth on the
market, and part of the profit which
the shipper makes on the good hay
must 60 to make up for the loss on
the poor hay. =
With the present system of buying
hay there is not enough difference in
the price paid for the better grades in
the country as compared with the
price paid for the lower grades.
Therefore. If the man who has No. 2
hay receives within SO or Is cents Of
the price Of his neighbours choice hay
he Is satisfied and thinks that it Is not
necessary to take the precautions that
his neighbor did in order to get slight
advance. g
Standard grades Of timothy. clover
prairie hay straw. mixed hay. and
alfalfa have been adopted in the most
Of the important markets. and it Is of
vital Importance to the producer to
know and meet the demands of the
markets to which he ships.-H. B.
Mcclure .. ~
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-10-04
Judging Corn Ears

The first point in Judging a sample
Of corn is to determine its trueness to
the type or breed characteristics,
There are breeds Of corn, like, breeds
Of cattle whidn have peculiar colors
or forms which distinguish them. II
Is difficult to distinguish between
breeds of corn Of the same color, but
this may be learned by experience In
handling corn of various breeds. In
pure corn Of any breed there are GER
tain marks which may be easily rec
ognized.
Take the shape Of the ear, for ex-
ample. The ideal ear is cylindrical,
not too crooked or too tapering. It is
as difficult to find an ear of corn per-
feet In shape as it Is to find cows.
horses and sheep with perfect forms.
The shape Of ears Of the different
varieties Of corn differ as widely as
the shape and form of the different
pure breeds Of cattle. Each class and
variety has a characteristic shape Pc
culiar to itself. The most desira bly,
shaped ear is cylindrical from butt to
tip. Where ears are inclined to taper,
it will be noticed that two or four
rows, as rule. are dropped near the
middle Of the ear. In judging the
corn ear, take into consideration the
soil and climatic conditions in which
the corn Is grown. The shape Of a
desirab Bile ear for southern or central
Illinois would differ in many respects
from the most desirable ears for
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-10-04
INDIRECT VALUE OF CONCEN.
TRATES. F5

The concentrates are usually bought
for the protein which they contain.
They also contain carbohydrates and
oil, which are valuable az food con-
stituents
These make up the food value of
the purchased concentrates. To the
farmer they may have another value
which Is not usually considered.
We take cotton seed meal and from
the feeders standpoint we find that a
ton contains about $40 pounds of pro-
tein, the most valuable food constitu-
ent.
We will take $40 pounds Of protein
and scientists tell US that it contains
16 per cent Of nitrogen, the most val
liable element in commercial fertilizer
Sixteen per cent Of $40 Is 1914.
Thus we find that in every ton of
cotton seed meal we buy we get 1914
bushels Of nitrogen. which is worth
at least is cents per pound. The nit
rogen in the ton Of cotton seed meal
alone. II purchased as commercial fer
tilizer, is worth $20.16. Then II we add
10 pounds Of potash and 40 pounds Of
phosphoric acid, which the ton of cot
ton seed meal also contains, at cents
per pound or 81 additional, which
brings the ton Of feed to 324.16 value
for the fertilizer alone.
II the meal is fed to the stock and
the manure carefully saved 1t Is pos
sible to- save 70 per cent Of the ferti-
lizer value and also get the full feed
ing value Of the material. Seventy
per cent of 1926 Is 1861, indirect
value Of ton Of cotton seed meal.
We may estimate the indirect or
nitrogen value Of any feed stuff If
the protein content is known by sim
ply finding Is per cent Of the protein
and calling 1t nitrogen. Then the
amount recovered in the manure is
from 10 to 80 per cent according to
the age and kind of animal to which It
Is fed. A young animal will retain
more of the nitrogen Of the food than
mature animal. A COW will retain
more than other animals.
The economy OF live stock on the
farm is largely due to the fertilizer
left on the farm from their feeding.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-10-04
Is the Farmer
Dissatisfied?

Missouri man with characteristic
pessimism opines that the exhorbitahs
prices that tho farmer 10 getting for
his grain and live stock will eventually
lead to his destruction.
This sign reader says the products
OF the farm were selling too low for
the producer to make living few
years ago. Now. the prices are at the
other extreme and ne feary for the
prosperity OF the man OF the soil.
Our Missouri psssimist bases his
gloomy predictions from the inability
Of the city man 20 eat 20 cent eggs,
35 cent bacon. Is cent butter and 80
cent beefsteak. He declares that sal
aries have not increased - rapidly az
the price OF the things he must eat
and he must, therefore. reduce his
expenses by cutting down his grocery
bills.
This means that II the price OF meat
keeps up Americans will cease 10 be
nosticator declares that no nation hav-
Ing once ceased to eat meat has ever
been known to return 70 the habit
With nobody to eat meat, farmers
WILL find It improbable to raise It.
the packing houses VIII 60 out OF
business and agriculture will sink into
q state Of decay.
It seems to us that the Missouri
man has overlooked the fact that
even II people do stop eating meat
they must eat something else and as
the farmer IL the only man who grows
things to eat, he will turn his atten-
ton to growing the things the city
people want and his destruction viii,
therefore. be postponed.
At any rate We do not believe that
the farmers Of this country are lostns
much sleep over their present pros.
porous condition but will continue "a
produce whatever tho people want
whether It be meat. fruit or vegetables
and abide by the principle of the Law
Of supplying the man, taking their
chances Of poverty or richness alon1
with other folks. sz
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-10-04
CHAMPION BIG TREE.

All previous records of big trees dis
covered In Washington and Oregon
forests have been eclipsed by the latest
ind in Snohomish county. Wash. near
the city Of Everett The giant tree is
yellow fir. This tree must be aged
for there are many tree stumps nearby
that have from 100 to 500 rings, each
are said to represent a years growth.
These neighboring trees are from three
to six feet In diameter.
The new found monarch of the
northwestern forests is sixty-six feet in
circumference at the butt and it is 1913
feet to the first limb. which measures
100 inches In circumference.
The estimated height of this big Ar
Is 800 feet snohomish people plan to
float the tree to San Francisco next
summer in a log raft.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-10-04

The tendency now Il toward silos
Of about 10 feet in diameter. and so
to 80 feet high. The board silo has
been found to be less desirable IN
many respects. An all-concrete silo.
1s feet in diameter and 80 feet high
will cost around $500. but II properly
constructed 1t will last for many years
A popular form Of silo is Of cement
block construction. The inside dia-
meter should be 16 feet and not
more than. 80 feet high. The blocks
for this form Of silo are made fror,
portable 8molds. and have q face Of
Sx36 inches. a
Assilo OF this kind was constructed
by the Michigan station and consisted
Of SO tiers of blocks. Those Of the
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-10-04

ten teams being used in the tests. with
the following results:
But little difference was observed in
the value of clover and timothy hay
when fed in conjunction with corn.
oats, oil meal and wheat bran. the
difference being slightly In favor Of
clover.
The results show q slight saving due
clover hay, but not sufficient to Justify
the expense.
Horses fed alfalfa and timothy ate
less grain and hay and gained slightly
more in weight than those fed clover
and timothy while doing the same
amount Of labor.
Twenty to Twenty-Five per cent less
grain was required to maintain the
weight Of horses fed alfalfa than. those
fed timothy hay.
Horses fed corn and alfalfa ate
per cent less grain than those fed !;
mixed ration. and lost s pounds moas
in weight per head IN eight weeks,
The ration Of corn and alfalfa cost
cents less per horse per day than the
mixed ration.
Horses fed ground corn and 81;
with wheat bran, oil meal. timothy ar
alfalfa hay consumed per cent less
feed and gained 8 pounds more in
weight per head In six weeks than
those fed whole corn and oats with 4
similar ration.
Farm work horses at hard abor should
receive from one and one-hfth to one
and one-third pounds OF grain and
from one to one and one-fourtf pounds
Of hay, per 100 pounds Of live weight
per day, in order that their weight
may be maintained