davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1913-02-07
LEGISLATORS HEAR
Z SENATORS SPEAK
Progressive Addresses Made
By Kern and Shively Be-
fore Legislature.
ARE TOLD TO OBEY
Reminded They Are Servants
of the People and Must
Do Peoples Will.
ARE TOLD TO OBEY
(National News Association

INDIANAPOLIS. Feb. Tn a
speech with a real punch to it, Sena-
tor Kern today pleaded with the
members of the general assembly to
enact a primary election law and
laws for the relief of women and
children in the industries.
He told the legislators that if there
are any among them who are opposed
to the initiative and referendum the
only way they possibly can prevent
them from being enacted into law in
Indiana is by truly representing the
people. .-
Senator Kern's address was fire.
auently interrupted by applause from
the members and spectators, who
packed the galleries. When he men,
toned the name of William Jennings
Bryan the cheering and applause
continued for several minutes.
Senator Shively spoke before Sena.
ator Kern and he too impressed upon
the legislators the need of keeping
pace with the times and responding
to the will of the people.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1913-02-07
OPPOSE eARNIsHEE ACT.

INDIANAPOLIS. Feb. 7.-Executive
officers of several railroad brother
hoods called a meeting for tonight to
frame resolutions and make q fight on
the brewery interests of the state I'm
case the garnishee bill passes. This
action is taken because Senator
Fleming has openly advocated the
passage of the garnishee bill.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1913-02-07
LIKES RoUMANtA.

= BUCHAREST, Feb. 7.-Germany's
Friendship for Roumania was shown
today when Prince Frederick, of Ger
many, handed King Charles of Rou-
Inania an autograph Letter comforting
upon him the Grand Gordon of the
Order of the House Of Hohenzollern
Roumania recently placed orders for
S10,00O,000 worth Of war munitions
In Germany.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1913-02-07
Arrangements Made For the
Sultan to Board Italian
Ship if the Allies Enter His
Capital. 6
GALLIPOLI SCENE
OF GREAT BATTLE
Bombardment of Key to Dar-
danelles SO Fierce That
Wireless Messages Have
Been Stopped.
(Natfonal News Association)

ROME, Feb. 7.-Sultan Mohammed
Y, Of Turkey will take refuge upon an
Italian warship IL the allies enter Con-
stantinople. 1t was learned here to-
day that the Italian cruisers San Mar
co and Pisa which arrived in the Col
den Horn yesterday were commission
ed to take the Turkish Sultan on
board IL his life or his liberty should
be menaced.
Either cruiser will receive the Otto
man ruler in the event of his fight
from the palace. .
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1913-02-07
THE WEATHER

and Saturday; not much change
in Temperature.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1913-02-07
BEACH CASE GOES
BEFORE THE JURY
Opinions Differ Whether
Millionaire Will Be Found =
Guilty of Attack.
BULLETIN.

AIKEN, Feb. THE jury returned
a verdict of not guilty for Frederick o.
Beach this afternoon. He .claspea his
wife in his arms and kissing her said,
Darling / owe this to you"
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1913-02-07
A RAILROAD MEASURE.

INDIANAPOLIS. Feb. Senator
viii Wood introduced a bill today
providing for a full switching crew OF
five men on railroads
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-10-19
special Gable to The American.

LONDON. oct. 1S.-Gaby Dcslys,
who Is appearing at the Palace The
alter. has been giving her views on
some truly important questions,
should bachelors he taxed" Are
clean shaver men preferable to men
with hirsute deCorations2 % should
women propose marriage" do you
favor votes for womcn?"
Here Is the fair dancers cumula-
tive answer:
TAX bachelors" monsieur No.
Of course not. You in America are
what YOU call democratic, YOU love
freedom of living you make, what
YOU call, the big boast that you have
won your freedom.
We'll, it may be so. But to light
EN- the purse of single gentlemen be-
cause they prefer freedom to mar
r.age, which comic songs say is the
goal of lifen Why monsieur it is
grotesque, perfectly absurd
"Mustaches Are Not Nice"
Tax boards, not bachelors, and |
cry 'oui oui' to the proposal. for clean
shaver men | always like most T"h,
| hate mustaChes and boards, they
are not nice. American gentlemen
are mostly clean shaven and how well
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-10-19
CITES EPITAPH
TOPROVE BACON
REAL AVON BARD
Sir Edwin Durning-LawrenCe De-
cIares 1t Was Not Written Till
After Shakespeare Died.
Special Cable to The American.


LONDON, oct. 1S.-Sir Edwin
Durning-Lawrence in seeking to
prove Bacon wrote the Shakespeare
plays, gives out the following:
In the 1923 edition of the Shake
speare Plays, known as the First
Folio, no epitaph appears, for al
though William Shakespeare OF STRAIT
ford had been dead seven years, the
real author. Francis Bacon, was still
alive. But Bacon died in 1926. Ac-
cordingly in the 1882 edition of the
plays, known as the Second Folio, we
read
What needle my Shakespeare for his
honour'd bones,
The labour OF an Age, in piled stones
or that his hallow'd ReliQues should
be hid
Under a starre- pointed Pyramid?
Dear Some of Memory, great Here
Of Fame,
What needst thou such dun witnesse
of thy Name?
Thou in our wonder and establishment
Hast built thy selfe a lasting Monu-
ment:
For WhlI st, To tn shame OF slow
endeaVOring Art
Thy easie numbers flow, and that
each part,
Hath from the leaves Of thy IN
valued BOoke
Those Delphicke Lines with deepe
Impression tooke:
Then thou our fancy OF her selfe
berpaving,
Dost make US Marble with too much
ConCeiving
And so Sepulchard in such pompe
dOSt lie,
That Kings for such Tombe would
wish to die.
| insert here the whole poem be-
cause, so far as l have been able to
ascertain. It has never been correctly
printed.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-10-19
Former Ambassadors Daughter May Never Get
Title-Kaiser Aroused

him in his determination TO wed the
fair American? The marriage. ac-
cOrding to reports, has been set for a
week from Tuesday. It appears as
though Miss Leishman, facing the al
most certainty OF being barred from
the title and recognition, will persist
in her determination of daring all for
love, for the coming wedding is
recognized as a genuine love match.
Family May Invoke Law.
When the engagement was an
nounCed last April French society did
not conceal it's belief that the we'd
ding never would be solemnized.
Even If the marriage takes place, as
now seems likely It is no secret that
the German branch of the House OF
Croy may take legal steps TO bar the
American girl from obtaining the
title and to deprive any offspring OF
the union of the succession to the
Dukes titles and property.
The French branch Of the family
never has concealed its opposition to
the "morRanatic marriage" that the
Duke projects and II would not be
surprising If Miss Leishman failed to
secure recognition from these
naughty peers as "reigning" Duchess.
Ii is even believed that the French
branch will assist their German cOu-
sins in appealing to the courts.
The Ieishmans are silent and the
case has an air Of mystery.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-10-19
mot PlmpIe or Other Skin Eruption
Left Used stuart's Cal
clum Waters"

There is no sense in being longer hu-
inflated by having to appear il public
with a pImple- covered. blOtched face a
face that makes strangers stare and your
friends ashamed Stuarts Calcium
Waters will drive all blemishes away and
make your face a we come Instead Of an
unwelcOme sight You'H no longer be a
slave to pimples, acne, blaCkheads liver
spots, boils, eczema, letter or any skin
eruption.
Nowadays when you see a real beau
ty. the chances are Stuarts Calcium
Waters wrought that wonderful change.
II takes only q short time. even with
very bad complexions-the kind that are
disfgured with rash, eczema, bOils.
b otChes and liver spots.
Stuart's Calcium Waters cause the
skin pores to breathe out impurities
The lungs burn up a great amount, but
Nature imposes upon the skin the larger
burden. Every tick of the clock means
work. work, work for these wonderful
Waters. And every instant new skin az
forming. impurities become less and less.
the pores are reiuvigOrated and soon
such a thing as pimple, blackhead or
any other eruption is impossible. You
marvel at the change.
The soft rosy tint love-taps The
checks; the neck, shoulders and arms
show the health Of youthful skiu-in
fact you just can't help having a beau
tiful complexion II YOU use Stuart's Cal
cium WATERS
They are put up IN convenient form
10 carry with YOU are very pslata BILE
ard are sold by druggists everywhere
at 20 cents H box.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-10-19
Innkeeper's Drinking
Punished by Death
Incorporate Habits Of 5onifaee
Looked on as Cause OF
Heavy Rains.
Special Gable to The American.

Special Cable to The American.
BERLIN, Oct 1S.-A. Telegram
from st. Petersburg 10 the Tageblatt
says that in the village OF Walizo,
near LODI. the peasants held a meet
ing to discover the cause OF the heavy
rain which rendered the harvest
prospects most unfavorable.
They decided It was an infilction
from Heaven on account of the in
temperate habits Of the local inn
keeper, one Zeichon.
A deputation demonstrated with the
innkeeper, but he refused to mend his
ways, and as the rain did not stop the
peasants held a court in a field before
which Zeichon was brought and sen
fenced to death.
The peasants carried out the SEN
tence on the spot by beating the inn
keeper to death.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-10-19
PARIS ussGGas BERLIN ROME p S"
SEEK HUSBANDS. NOT VOTES
GABYDE0LISADVISES WOMEN
Preferably Clean Shaver Husbands, for Dancer
Declares She Detests Boards

they look, so fresh, so clean, so en-
erEetiC,
You understand that in business
a clean shaver face Is what you call
a greater commercial asset to its
owner than "a face so covered with a
beard and mustaChe that the charac-
ter of the mouth and chin is hidden.
Isn't it?
$50 You ask me also about women
proposing. is il right2 Nevare, l
think many "A woman, however, al
though she does not actually ask a
gentleman To marry her. is SO cum
ming what you call 'cute-that she
makes him ask her to be hts wife
even agaiusrhis will OF course, II "A
woman can make marriage happy she
Is not to be blamed for this.
Need Husbands, Not Votes.
DO not You think though, mon
sleur, that IL would be more wise for
women to propose than to shrek for
votes2 Ugh, They are just a lot OF
old, crazy women who do such foolish
things for the right to vote
TT is not votes they want, it is
husbands. You nevare saw a pretty
girl who was a suffragette hope
your American women will not be so
silly as are the disappointed, I'M
happy women of England"
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-10-19
Money Saved
by Making Your Cough
Syrup at Home
axes But a Few Moments, and
Stops Hard Cough
IN a Hurry.

cough medicines, as a rule. con-
am a large quantity Of plain syrup.
YOU take one pint of graduated
sugar, add One-half pint of warm wa
.' and stir about two minutes, you
ave Is good syrup as money could
BUY.
d, You will then put two and one
"af ounces Of Pinex Cffty cents
",.F.thl in pint bottle, and fI It up
tsh the Sugar Syrup you will have
as much cough syrup as you could
."@ ready made for $3.50. Take a
.edH poonful every one two or three
hours. It keeps perfectly.
hou Will find it one of the best
..tEl Syrups you ever uSed-eVen in
"Hgoplng cough. You can feel il take
usually COnquers an ordinary
.ough in "a hours. 1t is just laxative
enough, has a good tonic effect, and
taste is pleasant
10 Is splendid remedy, too, for
""ooping cough, spasmodic Group,
"'a .seness and bronchial asthma.
mex Is q most valuable cOncen-
rated compound Of Norway white
p.he extract, rich in guaiacol and 9TH
(. healing pine elements. No other
'teParatiOn will work i'm this formu a.
ms plan for making cough remedy
WIN PineN and Sugar Syrup is now
-sed in more homes than any other
-'asA remedy. The plan has often
'"gh initiated, but never successfully
A guaranty of absolute satisfac-
ION, or money promptly refunded
-'-S with this preparation Your
.lSglst has PiueN. or viii get il for
H. II not, send to. The PineN co,
2. Wayne, Ind.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-10-19
Rabbi Claims Jew
Saved Throne to
Late King Edward
Advised Queen Victoria That Heir,
To Be Legal, Must Be Born
In England.
Special Gable to Tho American.


BERLIN, oct. 1s-That King
George sits on the throne OF Great
Britain and India and his father be-
fore him is due to the precedence
Of a Jew, Rabbi Nathan Adler.
So asserts DR. Adolf Kohut in Il
boow to be published here, to put
its title in English, Crowned and
Uncrowned Friends OF the Jews"
Or. Kohut insists that very soon
before her first son was born Queen
Victoria went to Italy, and with her
Minister'S assent intended to remain
there until she should be blessed with
boy, the heir Of the throne, or an
other girl.
1t was this, according to DR. Kohut,
that the learned Rabbi Nathan Adler
who for the benefit of his fellow re-
ligionists had studied English law
went to the British Foreign Minis
ter and informed him that an heir
to the crown of England must be
born on English soil, and IL the birth
took place abroad the expected
Prince would lose his right to the
throne.
ON the TaDbtS ADVICE the Minis
ters arranged that the Queen should
return to England, and Edward the
PeacemakeT was born very soon at
terward.
DR.. Kohut says that King Edward
never forgot what DR. Adler had done
for him; Dr. Adler afterward became
chief rabbi and on his death was sue
ceeded by his son, DR., Hermann Ad-
Ter who also had the Warmest Sym-
pathy OF King Edward.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-10-19
JAP ASSASSIN
KILLS SELF On
MAP Of CHINA
Slayer of Diplomat Leaves Last
Ninety-eight Cents to Family
of His Victim.
Special Gable to Tho American.


TOXIC. oct. 1S,-The recent as
sassination Of Mr.. Abe, Director Of
the Political Bureau OF the japanese
Foreign Office, is attributed here to
the virulent abuse showered on the
Government at all times of crisis by
the Toxic papers.
Further details of the murder show
that he had gone to meet Mr.. Ijuln
late Minister at Pekin, at Shimba-
shi Station. on walking back to his
house he was stabbed by two ruff
fans, and died at 10 o'clock the next
morning. One of the murderers com
mitted 'Seppuku" in time hOnored
fashion; the other was arrested on
board a steamer trying to make his
escape. An accompliCe surrendered.
A remarkable letter was left by
Mitsuru Okada. the assassin, who
committed "seppuku" in the house Of
Chiryo Sumioka The Young man
had asked Sumikoa TO inform the In
spector General Of Police Of his
whereabouts, and while Mr.. SunlokN
was gone he committed "seppuku. "
sitting upon a map Of China six feet
square. The miSsive is as follows:
Killed Him for State.
= stabbed Mr.. Abe, Director OF the
Political Bureau. Why did / commit
the MURDER japanese diplomacy has
now reached the limit of weakness.
See what the diplomatic authorities
are doing with regard to the presen,
Chinese problem.
The Governments policy toward
China at present has been solely
drawn up by Mr.. Abe He is re-
soonsible for the weakness of Japa-
nese diplomacy In the present Criti-
cal time he is behaving himself as il
he did not have the grave affairs Of
the state at heart.
Thinking of the present and future
Of the nation, and being impressed
with regrets as to its destiny, I have
decided to sacrifice my life for the
purpose Of reminding the authorities
of the nature II the spirit Of the ma
ton by assassinating the man. The
act is the outcome of my sincere
wishes for the welfare Of the State
SCOTS Cry Of Pain.
AT the time he screamed and cried,
On. hurt What an unmanly 1t
titude! Those who have the nation
at heart, especially those who are in
the Cabinet. ought to take the less m
and train their minds.
"AS the result OF the ASA ssinatlon
I had only two courses Of action to
take-either surrender myself or COM
NIT suicide. The reason that have
taken neither course until now is be-
cause I wanted to see his destiny,
and also to avoid the insulting treat
ment at the hands Of the police. I
understand Bushido and, therefore,
hate to commit suiciJ. in the open air
like a Vagrant.
II have thus killed him: but, per
sonally, I entertain no grudge against
him. When | remember his family,
l can not stop my tears. I have two
yen in my pocket This is truly a
small sum. But please send it to the
family as a token Of my sympathy"
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-10-19
PREPARE.
NEW EXPEDITION
TO ANTARCTIC
VIII Explore King Edwards Land,
Which, Despite Name, Has
Never Been Trod by Briton.
Special Gable 70 The American.


LONDON, oct 1S.-PreparatiOns are
far advanced for a new and impor-
tant British Antarctic expedition IN
der the command Of j. Foster Stack
house, a nephew Of the famous physi-
clan, the late Sir Jonathan Hutchin-
son.
Mr.. StaCkhOuse was intimately a -
sociated with Captain Scott, and his
objective will be King Edward the
Seventies Land and the unknown area
to the east Of IT,
King Edwards Land was discov-
cred by Captain Scott IN 1902, but
he did not land there and no BritOn
has ever trodden its soil
For the voyage a special boat-the
Polaris-has been built in Norway,
according to designs approved by
Nansen. Captain Scott also saw the
plans and made suggestions regard
ing them.
According to present ARA ngements
the expedition will start from the
Thames about August 10 and enter
the ice at latitude 20 degrees south
and longitude 100 degrees west 1t
viii winter in the pack ice and stay,
If necessary second or third win
ter.
The return Journey will be by way
Of the Panama Canal
Stackhouse himself has never been
to the Antarctic, but he has had a
good deal OF Arctic experience
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-10-19
Special Gable to The American.

Special cable TO ne american.
PARIS, oct. 1S-The nobility Of
France and Germany is in a turmoil
even the Kaiser himself is troubled,
by the simple determination OF an
American girl to dare all, even the
stigma Of Il morganatiC marriage, for
love.
Miss Nancy Leishman, daughter Of
the former American Ambassador TO
Germany, Is the heroine In this mod
ern romance Of love and rank, while
the Duke Of Croy, who numbers
among his kin members of noble fam
lilies in both Germany and France, is
the sutton who is fighting, and IL ap-
pears vainly, to assure recognition by
the aristocracy Of his betrothed's
right to the title Of reigning Duchess.
Story of Affront Denied.
Recently diplomatic circles Of the
world were stirred by the news that
Ambassador Leishman, before his de-
parture from Berlin, had snubbed the
Kaiser by neglecting to pay his
adfpuN to the War Lord. Present in
dications are that this neglect was
not on the part OF the American en-
WOW, but the result Of the German
rulers anger over the former Am
ba ador's refusal to block his daugn-
ter's plans to wed one Of the most
eligible of the German nobility.
Has the family Of the Duke shaken
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-10-19
England Wants New
Boundary in Alaska
Believed In London United States
VIII Hand Over to Canada
Strip Of Territory.
Special Gable to The American.

LONDON. oct 18.-Communica-
tions are passing between the United
States, British and Canadian govern
ments on the question of appointing
an international commission to reC.i-
fy the boundary line of Southeastern
Alaska.
A large part OF Canadian territory
il shut off from direct communication
with the Pacific by the coast line OF
Southeast Alaska, which was created
to meet conditions long since passed.
It is known in London that Wash
ington is disposed to end the dispute
by handing over the strip Of United
States territory in question to Can
ada
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-10-19
Four Kings Belong to
Grape Juice Brigade
Rulers of Italy, Spain, Sweden and
Bulgaria All Are Total
Abstalners.

LONDON. oct. lS.-Ilc Kings Of
Italy Spain, sweden and Bulgaria
are all abstainers, says The Christian
Commonwealth.
The King of Spain drinks only wa
Ter at Official hauquets. The royal
family of Sweden are az The head If
the temperance reform movement. the
Queen Mother having been associated
with it for 40 years.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-10-19
PRUSSIA GETS GRAM OF
RADlUM FOR 100000
Special Gable TO Tho American.

BERLIN, OCT. l8.-The Prusslan
Government has bought one gramme
Of radium for $50 900 marks (about
500 000) I'm order TO satisfy the grow
ing demand for IT by hospitals and
medical and scientific institutions.
Dr. Hys, the well known Berlin
professor. is appealing to the nation
to subscribe to a fund for the acquisi-
ton of radium for scientific and med
zeal purposes.
This fund is to supplement the
$50 600 marks granted for such pur-
poses during the forthcoming finan-
Cial year
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-10-19
British Bellies Get
Foretaste of Debut
AFistocratlc Girls To Be Really Out
Before Their Formal Coming
Out Party.
speclal Gable 70 Tho American.

Special Cable to Tho American.
LONDON. oct. 1S-A foretaste OF
the social gayeties that await them
is being given now to aristocratiC
girls who viii not be debutantes for
a season or two.
The Queen set the new fashion
with Princess Mary whom she has
permitted to attend garden parties
small dinners and tenants dances in
Scotland.
There, too, Lady Doris Gordon
Lennox. the Duke Of Richmond's
granddaughter; Lady Maud Caven-
dish. daughter of the Duke and
Duchess of Deyonshire, and Lady
Mary Hamilton. daughter of the
Duke and Duchess of Abercorn, and
many others quite young, have been
allowed to make their bow infor-
mally.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-10-19
More Lively Gossip
About King Edward
That Diplomatic Monarch Painted
Again In His True coIors' by
Edward Legse

Special Gable to The American
LONDON, oct Is More About
King Edward" IL the title Of a book
by Edward Legge. He wrote King
Edward i'm His True Colors," which
pleased those who delight in gossip
about royalty, for II contained some
intimate rccollecions OF the late mon
arch
The new book is made up chiefly OF
anecdotes and, il is promised, Will
throw some interesting sidelights on
the perfect manners and amazing
diplomacy OF the first gentleman in
Europe
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-10-19
London Has Craze
For Monster Hotels;
Spends S50,OOO,OOO
English Capital Now Has 200 Huge
Places, but Lays Plans for
Dozen More.
Special Cable to The American.

op5Ctdl CaDIe 10 ] ne american.
LONDON, oct. 1S.-The craze To-
mammoth hotels in London Is in
creasing Although there are now
more than zoo huge hotels here. plans
are In hand for dozen new ones,
some OF which are already far al
vanced toward completion
During the last ten years more
than $4,000 O0Q has been lavished on
new hotel buildings and improve
ments I'm London. or this, the Savoy
spent $4,000 on a ballroom and 9TH
er additions, while the Cecil eXpend 10
ter gardens and palm court
The estimated number OF bed
rooms these great palaces will con-
tain IS $500 The plans include the
erection Of hotels over stations on
the tube railways
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-10-19
Germany Worried
By French AViators
Desperate Efforts to Keep Them Out
Government Closes Nearly
Whole Frontier.
Special Cable to The American.

BERLIN. Oct 1S.-The German
government has decided to take radi-
cal measures of protection against
the activities of French aviators
whose flights across the frontier are
an almost daily occurrence.
Regulations have been adopted
which practically forbid crossing the
frontier through the greater part Of
it's length. The only practicable air
route left open is over narrow
stretch of territory in Westphalia.
Aeroplane batteries equipped with a
special type Of howitzer gun are to
be established at various points on
he frontier.