davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-06-25

the battle and when their riders were
killed they ran wildly after the cav
alrymen as if seeking human aid. An
orderly who was carrying message
tells how he was riding rapidly with
a dispatch when he suddenly heard
the clatter of horses hoofs behind
him and supposing he was being pur-
sued by a Confederate he put his
spurs to his horse and increased his
pace without looking behind. After
travelling for some distance he turned
and discovered the horse following
him was riderless. The man was worn
out and the sudden shock of satisfac-
ton was so great that he fell from his
horse and the two riderless animals
cantered off together. AS soon as the
orderly revived he captured both
horses and rode into camp with both
animals none the worse for his ex-
perience. Thousands of horses were
killed during the battle and many
stories of their faithfulness to the
riders might be told and it seems most
fitting that these brute victims of the
war should be remembered in some
manner. The State of PENNSYLVANIA
realized this and the monuments in
memory of Its cavalry invariably show
the figure of a horse on some part
of the memorial.
About ten o'clock Longstreet had
massed seventy-five guns in one bat
terry, Hill sixty-three and Ewell enough
to bring the number to one hundred
and fifty. 1t was evident that Lee
was preparing for a grand centre
charge. A few minutes later the
signal guns were fired and before
their echoes had died away the whole
line of Confederate batteries were
blazing like a volcano. The terrific
cannonade darkened the MONDAY sky
and the Union soldiers found them
selves in the midst of a pitiless storm
of shot Soldiers and officers leaped
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-06-25

ceded and sustained by turning every
gun in the Confederate army upon
the point of attack.
Early in the day the struggle for
Culp's Hill began, and the cannonading
for time was terrific. Many Confed-
crate sharpshooters were hidden In
woods, and when the shower of mis-
siles came through the trees EwelPs
men came out and a contest similar
to the one waged on Little Round Top
the day before took place. There was
piece of hopeless heroism shown
here which deserves special mention,
and it occurred when the fighting was
the fiercest. An order was brought
for the two regiments-the End Mas
sachussetts and the 27th Indiana, to
charge across the meadow stretching
between Culps Hill and McAllester's
Hill, on the other side of which the
Confederates were entrenched. To
try to pass the meadow was rushing
to destruction. Are you sure that
Is the order?" was asked of the Of
ficer who brought it. "Positive," was
the reply. Then came the command
up men-fix bayonets" One regi-
ment reached the entrenchment but
the other faltered midway under the
terrible fire which moved down the
men like grass before a sythe, and
as many were lost in retreating as in
going forward. The fight for Culp's
Hill lasted several hours, and the Con-
federates were at last driven beyond
Rock Creek. Lees plan had failed
at this point and there was now an
unbroken line of Union troops from
Culp's Hill to Round Top.
Major Harry T. Lee relates an Incl
dent that occurred while he was lying
PROSTATE on the ground near General
Abner Doubleday, whose aide he was,
which illustrates the indifference with
which this General, long schooled to
military duty, looked upon the appall-
ing dangers of battle. General Dou-
bleday had been manoeuvering his
troops and two horses had already
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-06-25

heard and wide gaps were torn In the
ranks of Pickett's men. only to be
filled up again by others, and yet on
they came undismayed by the danger
and unchecked by the murderous work
of the Union forces surrounding them
right into the jaws of death. 1t SEEM
ed that they were aiming for the
clump of trees which stood on the
very summit of the ridge. Cushing,
though badly wounded. had stood by
his guns at this point until the guns
were disabled and nearly all his gun
ners killed or wounded. The two
guns still in working order were
wheeled down to the stone wall by
the men of the 69th and list and for
time did deadly work in the ranks
of the Confederates. The men under
Lieutenant-Colonel Kochersperger in
conjunction with the men of the seth
hugged the stone wall. Pickett's men
came on and discovering a vacant por-
tion of the wall they began to leap
over. Then two Companies of the
seth swung back in order to protect
the wall and hand to hand conflict
of the most desperate character took
place. n COHltutTdl6 Called Out "
James Donnelly, of the 69th, to sur
render, levelling his musket to fire
at the same time, but before he could
pull the trigger, Donnelly, who was a
boy about eighteen years of age, felled
the man with the barrel of his gun.
Corporal Bradley, of the same Com
pany, was killed about this time hav-
ing his skull crushed by Confederate
uvh far ptt NJ m m oh
the men who were coming over the
wall. General Armistead, who led one
of Pickett's front brigades, reached
the farthest point of the Confederate
advance and with his hand upon a
Union gun while under the shadow of
the flags of his brigade fell mortally
wounded, The struggle was soon over
/ for Pic6ett's men were outnumbered
and the loss of Armistead had been a
sad blow. over four thousand were
made prisoners and as many more
were lying on the field or cold in
death. Virginia on that day yielded
up as a sacrifice to the Lost Cause
her gallant chivalrous sons who, with
unfaltering step and unsurpassed brav-
cry, bore almost alone the brunt of "A
charge perhaps the most heroic and
daring In the annals of warfare.
The battle of Gettysburg was over.
! The cost of men had been frightful.
for the losses of the two armies had
| been more than fifty thousand about
evenly divided between tt two sides.
| The weary Confederates retreated to
the waiting lines of the Confederacy
on Seminary Ridge and Lee then be-
! gan his retreat to Virginia. The high
water mark of the Confederacy had
been reached and now the waters were
receding not at Gettysburg alone but
in the Southwest as WE'LL for almost
at the same hour that Pickett's charge
occurred Grant and Pemberton stood
under n tree on hill above the Mis-
sissippi River and arranged for the
surrender of Nicksburg.
"Fold up the banners' SmeH the guns!
Lore rules. Her gentler purpose runs.
! A mighty mother turns In tears
The pages of her battle gears,
Lomenting all her fallen sons
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-06-25
,Illl T||D].
Figure 1

mosquito In certain places, after
night fall, their stings may render
sleep impossible until something is
done in self defense. and until the
irritations which they have caused
have been at least partially relieved
by some application where 1t is sorely
needed.
The bites of the common mosquito,
as Of most other annoying insects, af-
feet differently people who are bitten
by them. To many tho bites are SIM
ply q disagreeable sensation for but
a few moments. while for some 9TH
ers a painful Irritation and swelling
is experienced for day or more.
The group Of gnats to which the
mosquito belongs is very large one,
but of all their rImbcrS only three
species have 81 far been found which
are said. by medical authorities on
the subject, to ~ carriers of that dis
ease called malaria. These mosqui-
toes belong to tie branch known as
"anopheles" as separated from an
other order known as the "culex"
branch. The former species are read
lily distinguished from most others in
our country by their spotted wings.
and by their usual position while at
rest upon the wall where their bodies
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-06-25

and foe alike were to her human
to su.ier while she had food. When
the battle was over the house was
found riddled with shot and shell,
and seventeen dead bodies were taken
from the house and cellar-the bodies
of wounded men who had crawled
there COR shelter. Neither of the
women was injured.
Numbers of the men seemed to have
a premonition of death, and many
stories are told of how they used to
sit around the camp fire apd predict
the time Captain Thompson as he
sat by the camp fire at the foot of
Bemer's Hill the night of July second
suddenly got up We'll, boys,
shouldn't wonder if l leave you tomor-
row, and when I do it will be quick"
Next morning he mounted caisson
during the heat of the battle and a
shell bursting beneath him hurled him
into eternity.
Scarcely had the battle begun be-
fore powerful shells began to fall
about the farmhouse where General
Meade had his headquarters. The
shells tore off the steps and ripped
open bag of oats as though it had
been done with a knife. For an hour
and three-quarters the storm of fire
continued. The slaughter of the
horses belonging to the aides and or
derlies which had been tethered in the
yard was pitiful. They reared and
plunged in terror in a helpless way
only to be shot to pieces in the end.
Mr.. Wilkinson, the war correspondent
of the New York Times, who was at
headquarters during this storm of shot
and shells, tells how he saw an ambu-
lance coming driven by frenzied
soldier at full speed, one horse run
ming on three legs--the left hind leg
having been shot off at the hip. The
horses seemed terror-stricken during
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-06-25

for their guns when the firing began
died while eating their dinners, 9TH
ers with pipes in their mouths, and
one-a young pale faced Pennsylvan-
Ian, fell dead while looking at a
miniature of his sister. During the
heaviest fire an officer who rode out
raised up just as the horse was about
to step on him-"Don't ride over me-
Captain" he said, my hands are gone
and | cannot even crawl" He held
up the bloody stumps appealingly but
before the officer could reply shell
had snuffed out the life of the wound
ed man.
This indescribable scene kept up for
about two hours, when the Union bat
teries were ordered to cease firing so
that they might husband their am
munition for what every man knew
was coming-a charge ~ the now
desperate Confederates. The Union
generals tried to repair the damages
caused by the COMMUNICATIONS
ranks and replacing dismantled guns
and begging the men to stand firm.
The troops under Pickett's charge
were in readiness to advance. Pickett
himself, cool and collected, was watch
ing .he effect of the artillery fire
when a courier brought him word
that the Union guns had slaclSened
fire, and the moment had arrived fol-
the charge. Pickett handed the note
to Longstreet at his side. General
shall | advance?" Pickett asked his
chief. Longstreet, mastered by his
emotions, could only nod in assent and
forward, sir" was Pickett's reply.
Then followed a scene uneaualled
in the military history of the world
and one In which friend and foe alike
have borne testimony to the courage
and fortitude with which this gallant
band met the ordeal of having to en-
dure terrible fire without the power
centre of the Union lines was nearly q
mile and for more than half that
distance the boys of the Southland
marched as if on holiday parade with
flags and banners glistenng in the
sunlight. One Company was singing
Bonnie Blue Flag" and the band OF
regiment in the rear was playing
by the batteries of the Union forces
which were preparing to open theii
death dealing fire at the proper time
When they came within close range
the roar of the Federal guns was
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-06-25

pings. An adult mosquito, thus issu-
ing from the pupae, was shown upon
the screen in moving pictures, and
reminded one of an old man slowly
struggling to pull himself up out Of
a bed covered with clothes which
seemed too heavy for his strength.
The comical procedure brought many
audible smiles from the interested au-
dience. This ended the yarisome life
of the common mosquito. as far as
his portrayal upon the screen was con-
cerned. but it gave very interesting
example of his successive changes. be-
fore he starts out to make things hot
for the summer visitor who delights in
silk hose and bare neck and arms!
The readers attention is called to
the peculiar form of the animal In
the pupal stage as shown in drawing
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-06-25

been killed beneath him. He had
thrown himself to the ground and
pulled a sandwich from his pocket
and was just about to eat when a shot
from a Confederate gun struck the
ground within few feet of his head
fairly deluging the sandwich with
dirt. Turning to the Major he said in
the coolest fashion, "That sandwich
will need no pepper After brush
ing off the dust from the bread he
went on eating his lunch as though
nothing had happened.
The women in and around Gettys-
burg came to know war with all its
horrors at close range, but they never
faltered or showed the least fear when
they could aid the wounded or feed
the hungry. Even the Generals mar
veled at their stoicism in time of
danger, and General II. II. Slocum
used to tell story which was strik-
ing example of their lack of fear. it
seems that General Carr's brigade oc-
cupied a position on the Emmittsburg
road near a little one-story house.
On the evening of July second General
Carr stopped at the house and found
two women-Mrs. Rogers and her
which was being eaten by some of
his men as fast as it could be taken
from the oven. General Carr warned
her that the battle of the next day
would surely sweep her home away
and begged her to seek a place of
safety at once. She showed little fear
but said she would leave when the
next batch was baked, but the hungry
soldiers continued to beg for bread
and the two loyal women kept on
baking through the entire battle CIV
ing bread to all who came hungry.
The great artillery duel which shook
the earth for miles did not drive her
from her oven. Picketts men, who
charged past her house, found her
still baking and some of them obtained
bread for this woman although loyal
was a devout Christian and friend
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-06-25
A Large Family Disease Carriers Extreme Del
icacy Of Structure Interesting Motion Pictures
Showing Development Of Larvae What
Causes the Hum" determination

are not held parallel with the wall
but slant out from it at quite an
angle.
The common mosquito is one of the
most difficult insects to examine or
portray by pencil while under the mi
croscope. This is because of its ex-
tremely delicate construction, which
is liable to be mutilated and destroyed
at the slightest teach unless the most
delicate care Is used by one accus-
toned to handle such insects. When
the animal is dead and dried, the
slightest touch will often destroy the
specimen, SO study from t is out of
the question.
Some idea of the delicacy of these
insects may be had when very fine
human hair is placed. side by side,
under a microscope, with the legs of
a mosquito. The lower joints of the
leg will be found to he no larger than
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-06-25

adults. The writer recently saw some
motion pictures showing the larvae
state of the common mosquito where
face of the water to "breathe through
his tall" This remarkable manner of
breathing is accomplished by aid of
the elaborate extension of the trachial
tubes which terminate in an appa-
ratus for breathing at the last seq
to the "tail'' of the individual.
The exhibition did not show the
eggs of the mosquito, upon the screen,
but began with him in the larval state
as described above. A small portion
from group of eggs of the culex
mosquito may be seen in drawing No.
/, and a few of the blackish eggs of
the anopheles species are shown in No.
(greatly enlarged). The eggs are
laid on the surface of the water where
they are to bo found floating singly
or in groups.
The larvae feed upon minute par
ticles of vegetation, either while
found floating at the surface or else
where in the water. One of these
''wrigglers" Is shown in drawing No. 3
as he appears in the act Of breathing.
1t was shown upon the screen, very
vividly, how this breathing is effect
ually stopped. and the larvae destroy
ed, WHEN kerosene oil is poured over
the surface of the water. The layer
of oil prevented the little chaps, who
delight in breathing through their
tails" from getting what they came
up after.
Many have. probably seen these
queer little creatures in the standing
water about country houses, where it
has been held in old cans or pals
for a number of days. They are very
lively little fellows and wiggle away
from any attempt to capture them
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-06-25

seen projecting from the top OF the
thorax.
In figure 5 is shown specimen of
mosquito called "Anopheles quad
rimaculatus"- Of the malarial
mosquitoes as originally drawn by DR..
l.. o. Howard, Chief Of the Bureau
of Entomology, {. man who has given
the subject special study and from
whose drawings and writings much of
the Information in this article has
been CLEANED.
In figure is shown a side view of
a common variety of mosquito which
was drawn from a dead specimen.
The originals of both specimens were
about three-eights of an inch only in
length of body.
Prof. w. F. Kirby, F. L. s., states
that the high pitched note of 10
mosquito, which we hear as il ..5-
proaches us. Is caused by the very
rapid vibrations of the wings which
beat the air at an estimated rate of
5000 strokes per minute, or so per
second. Dr. Howard opposes this
theory by stating that this noise /.
produced by vibrations of a chitinous
process in the large trachea just be-
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-06-25

No. 4, where the position near the
surface of the water Is indicated by
lines above the figure. The long legs.
proboscis, and elaborate antennae are
all carefully folded up within the bag
looking affair attached to the thorax
In this state also the location of the
eyes may be observed. These organs
when viewed under the microscope ap-
pear much like ackberries in color
and checkering. The peculiar trump
et-shaped breathing organs may be
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-06-25

at night is suggested to keep these
night biters away. When only a very
few mosquitoes seem to be about, one
by one may be "smacked" upon the
face--if one is awake at the time
visited-by the simple but amusing
process of holding the breath just af-
ter the mosquito has settled down on
ones epidermis for good draw on
ones red blood. Holding the breath
closes up the pores in the skin and
holds the mosquito captive, by his
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-06-25

T the end of the second days
battle 1t was not known, and
perhaps not definitely known
- u even now. on which side was the
advantage. The morning of the third
found both armies prepared and de-
termined for the final struggle, as each
by this time realized the Importance
of the result of this, the greatest en-
gagement of the Civil War and up to
recent years the greatest in the worlds
history. During the night there was
some little manoeuvering, and Lee had
been strengthened by the arrival of
Stuart's cavalry--they having arrived
during the night, coming by way of
Westminster, Maryland, and Carlisle,
Pennsylvania.
Lees combativeness was high, and
as Napoleon had said before him in
a similar spirit of impulsve exultation
when satisfied that wellington was
awaiting his onslaught at Waterloo,
'I have them now, those English!" SO
Lee now replied to Longstreets remon-
strance-"The enemy is there and l
am going to strike him!" Meade
merely waited for the Confederate
plan of action to disclose itself. Lee
went on with his preparation and
strongly reinforced his left at Culps
Hill with the view of having a heavy
force in hand ready to strike upon
the Union right and rear, holding the
fresh troops for the charge in the
centre, which was expected to cut
the Union forces into two parts and
seize the Baltimore pike and with
Ewells help silence everything on that
side. Stuart's cavalry was sent around
to the rear of the Union army with
orders to strike the Baltimore pike
as soon as the Union retreat began.
Lee then ordered Longstreet to get
Pickett's fresh division ready for the
charge These soldiers, all of whom
were Virginians. complained bitterly
because they were only the rear guard
of that army which they were told
was driving the Yankees to an utter
rout. Their charge was to be pre-
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-06-25

the finest human hair which has been
selected. And when we see that these
delicate legs have perfect joints. and
numerous small hairs along them, and
that the feet at their examinations
have minute claws, two on each foot
then we are amazed once more at
another example of natures wonder
full creations
Before reviewing the criminal rec
ord" Of certain of these grotesque-
looking insects, it would be quite in
teresting to study their wonderful de-
velopment from the queer-shaped
eggs, to the more queer appearing
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-06-25

N England all the small trouble
some insects are termed gnats,
while elsewhere, those with very
u long legs and an extensive probos-
els are called mosquitoes. which latter
word is the Spanish for gnat Angli-
cized. Visitors at watering places where
mosquitoes are abundant need hardly
be told that few pests of the air are
more disagreeable to humans than the
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-06-25

barrels should be carefully screened:
marshes should be drained and dis
infected and small pools of standing
water should be covered by a film of
Kerosene oil and later drained and
covered with earth. To add to these
measures houses should be screened
and bed nettings used where the pests
are particularly abundant BY these
measures Mr.. Mosquito will be forced
to relinquish his undesirable vocation
of inoculating people with disease.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-06-25
Lees Determination To
Win Slaughter Of Hor-
ses : Pickett's Charge :
Death ofArmistead- High
Water Mark of Confeder-
acy Reached Union For
ces Victorious.
O|xIGN 2RO0AJ c
CoHS1DERATE LR0o2y &

n the end of the second days
battle 1t was not known, and
perhaps not definitely known
even now on which side WAS the
The Ocala evening star. [volume] (Ocala, Fla.) 1895-1943, 1913-03-26
OHIO CITY INUNDATED
Five Lives Lost by the Break
ing of n Levee

Indianapolis, Ind. March ga re-
port reached Phoneton last night that
twenty-five are dead in Dayton-food
victims. II was reported that Troy and
Tippecanoe City, north of Dayton.
We're flooded and calling for help. The
report was received here through an
A T. &, T. operator al Phoneton. She
said the water was five or six feet
deep in all the streets and that the
current was swift and filled with
debris. Telephone and street ear SER
vice had been suspended. The break
ing of a dam caused the food.
The operator at Phoneton. a young
woman. said she and her assistants
were marooned by water fourteen feet
deep
The water in the Miami began ris-
ing yesterday afternoon at the rate of
six inches an hour" the young woman
said. "and continued to rise through
out the night The levee protecting
the Miami broke at o'clock this
morning. the Dayton operator told me-
and there is no Indication that the
flood is subsiding. Practically the
whole city is under water and people
are taking refuge in their top floors as
there is no high country around here
TO go to. All sorts of debris is float
ing through the streets. The rain has
stopped
The Laramie reservoir is ten miles
long and two miles wide and feeds
into the Miami river
The Ocala evening star. [volume] (Ocala, Fla.) 1895-1943, 1913-03-26

the white ribbon at meetings. The
question OF requesting the public
school teacher 10 open school with
scripture and prayer was discussed.
The Webb Kenyon bill was read. Let
ter from Mrs Packham read. Action
Of President and Mrs. Wilson in de-
barring liquors from the White House
was approved. Voted that the union
send vote OF thanks 70 Mrs. Willard
for donation of Bible TO be used in
the church. Voted 10 give the L. T. L.
and the children of the community an
Easter egg hunt Adjournment for
two weeks
An Easter egg hunt was given the
children in the park opposite the
church on March 22 The affair was in
charge of Mrs. Rast, superintendent of
scientific instruction. and Miss Lottie
Black. The L. T. L. and the children
of the community had a gay time find
ing the many cOlored eggs. During
the afternoon refreshments were serv-
ed TO the young folks. Before leaving
for home the boys and girls were each
given a share of the gaily-hued
trophies