davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-03-18
Liverpool Cotton Market

Liverpool. March 17.-Spot cotton quiet
prices steady. American middlins fair
7.47d; good middling. 713d; midding 6.9ld
low middling, 6.73d; good ordinary, 6.39d
ordinary, 6.05d. Sales, 1000 bales. Including
1900 for speculation and export and eGOt
American. Receipts, 1900 bales. includ-
ing 1900 American. Futures opened steady
and closed quiet and steady March, e.64d
March-April. 6.62d: April-May, 6.61d; May.
June, 6.GOd June-July, esd; July-August
e.52lad; August-September 6.41d; Septem-
ber- October, 626d. October November
cember-January. 6131Ad; January Febru.
ary, 6.12lsd.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-03-18
Kansas CITY Grain

Kansas City, March 17.-Wheat: Cash
No. hard, S61se No. red, $1,000
1.07.
Corn. No. mixed and white, 491hc.
oats: No. white, 34Q341ac; No. 2
mixed, 321s Q33c
= Close: Wheat, May, s2A @S2%c; July,
S27s @S3c.
Corn: May, 5oh a5ossc; July. SIX q
Oats: May, s21e.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-03-18
Hubbard Bros. & Co.

y. Members New York Cotton nv.
change, New Orleans Cotton Exchanre
New York. Produce Exchange. Assn,
citation. Orders solicited for the DIR
CHASE and sale Of Cotton and Cotton
eoed OIL for future delivery. 6pecicl
attention and liberal terms given Tor
consignments OF spot cotton Tor de-.
livery. Correspondence invited.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-03-18
New Orleans Rice Market

New Orleans. La. March Trough
rice steady. No sales. Clean. steady
Receipts: Rough, 1884; clean, 4O4s; mill
lers, 1884.
oeies Rough none; clean Honduras,
VOL at 4B@5Bc; Japan, $3.50 at 31ac.
Quotations: Rough Honduras, $4,000
AIS; Japan. $2.75g4: clean Honduras, AZ
@639c; Japan. 3ak6l4asc.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-03-18
st. Louis Grain

ST. Louis March 17.-Cash wheat No
red, s1.Os@1,0s; No hard, sS@s1c.
Corn; No. ., soc: No. white, 515a a
53c.
Oats: No. ., 3214c; No. white, s41a
@35c.
Close: Wheat, May s77sc; July, sskc.
Corn: May 5o&d5o7sc July. 52I4d
52ssc.
F, Oats: May s21c; July, 32Ac.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-03-18
. Goff to Take Oath

Clarksburg. w. Va. March 17.-Federal
Circuit Judge Nathan Cor, republican. re-
Gently chosen United States senator from
west virginia, to succeed Clarence w.
watson, democrat, will take the oath of
ol1lce April s. OF the new senators.
CON, 1t Is said, will be one of the last
tic qualify.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-03-18
Creamery Products

| Country butter. 20Q25c; fresh creamery
butter 391ac; cheese 19c; imported Swiss
cheese, 35c; German brick cheese, 20c;
! lmburger cheese, 19c; imported roquefort.
a7c. Neufchatel cheese, per dozen, 45c:
Pimento cheese. 40c; process butter, 3O1hc:
daisy cheese 19c per pound.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-03-18
Liyerpool Grain

Liverpool, March 17.-Wheat spot
steady. No. Manitoba. rs Cd. No 9 do,
Is Cd; No. do, rs 41kd. Futures easy.
March. rs sgd; May. rs 2%d July, rs
I'd. Corn spot steady. American mixed
new, As 9ad; do. old. IS; do, old via CAL
weston. IS Sd. Futures dull. March Amer
lean mixed, 4s Siad. July La Plata, IS ID.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-03-18
Cotton Seed Oil

New York, March 17.-Cotton seed oil
was dun and featureless with prices
steady In absence OF pressure and in
sympathy with the higher ruling in lard.
Closing prices were unchanged to points
net higher Sales $500 barrels. Prime
crude $5.2oQ5.27; prime summer yellow
spot, 6.3oQ6 .40c; March. 6.32c April, 6.s4c
May. Csc; June, 6.s7c; July, 6.41c; August.
s.4Sc; september, 6.44c October, e.2o.:
prime winter yellow. G.499f q6c: prime
summer white 65oG'.ooc.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-03-18
LOCAL QUOTATIONS
Pig Iron
Local Cotton
Meat

Lard, 127sc; compound, csc; dry salt
short ribs, l2.57c; bellies, 1880; ham
butts, 15c; Boston butts, 15lsc; pork loins,
161ac; spare ribs, 1Sc; breakfast bacon.
22Q24c; smoked bacon, Ice; regular ham,
19c; skinned ham, &c.,
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-03-18
Dry Goods

New York. March 1.-THE dry goods
markets were quiet. Yarns prices are
barely steady. Cotton goods are in light
demand at wholesale. Silks are selling
steadily. Raw silk is firm. Dress goods
for retail distribution are in active re-
Quest for ALL
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-03-18
Grain Receipts and Shipments

Kansas City, March 17,-Receipts
Wheat, 5000; corn, 41,O00; oats, 22,OO0
Shipments: Wheat, 1900; corn, 10000
oats, 1000.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-03-18
French Exchange

Paris, March 17.--Three per cent rentes.
81 francs 121s centimes, ex-dividend. Ex-
change on London, 25 francs q centimes
for checks. Private rate of discount, 4
per cent
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-03-18
German Exchange

Berlin, March 17.-Exchange on London,
% marks 401s pigs. for checks. Money,
51s per cent. Private rate of discount
per cent.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-03-18
Consols fol money 73l. for he

Consols for money, 7Si.; for the account,
20 7-16 Illinois Central 1271s; Louisville
and Nashville, 1874; Southern railway,
25&. Bar silver quiet, &c 5-16d per ounce
Money, 41sd4s4 per cent Discount rates.
Short bills, 5Gf5h per cent: three months.
1s-16947s per cent.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-03-18

lures, G65 2s Cd; London tin firm; spot,
s20S 15s futures, e205 is Cd. London lead
els It's Cd. Spelter, e24 los. Iron, Cleye-
land warrants, Gas in London.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-03-18
Bullion Taken In

London, March 17.-Bullion amounting
to f1I5.0o0 was taken into the Bank OF
England on balance today.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-03-18
London Stock Market

london, March l7,-Stocks were dull
and uninteresting today American se-
eurities We're unsettled by the failure OF
the Union Pacific-southern dissolution
plan and prices moved irregularly Closed
dull
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-03-18
Naval Stores

Savannah, Ca, March 17.-Turpentine
dull. 81 to 371ac; sales. 16s: receipts, 122;
shipments 1TTS; stocks. 14.7s4.
Rosin duh; sales 6s5: receipts go; ship
ments. 2541; stocks, 107.547.
Quote: A b. $510: d, $3.50: e. s.:
f. $500; g, $5.s5; III, $40; 1. $3.50; X, $3.50:
NJ $d.75; N. $500; WG, $40 to s7.75;
WV, $40.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-03-18
Flour and Breadstuffs

Self raising flour, s6.15; Tennessee flour,
s5a5: indiana flour. s5.10: Oklahoma flour.
s5s5, Michigan flour, $685. bolted meal.
ner sc lbs $140 No. corn, per bushel.
Acc. pure wheat shorts. $Sl; pure wheat
bran, s2s; c. S. hulls, per ton. SIS; prime
ner ton. $50; No. l timothy hay, per ton.
500 mixed alfalfa and johnson grass,
Der ton, $40; corn chops, per 100 lib sack.
q 40. alfalfa hay per ton, s26; johnson
grass, per ton, SO; mixed feed. ss1; oats.
52c bushel
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-03-18
Poultry and Eggs

Hens, 35d4oc; live per pound. 14G15c;
large fryers. Hale; medium frayers. lxal
gc: small fryers, 221sa 25c; ducks. a&4oc:
ruiueas, &c; roosters, 35c; geese. 60Q70c;
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-03-18
Coffee and Sugar

pounds; Luxanne 27c per pound Sugar.
stenoard granulated. 5lsc per pound.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-03-18
Wool Market

St. Louis. March 17.-Wool steady;
medium grades combing and clothing, 23ls
G26c; light fine 19Q23c; heavy fine, 13Qlsc;
tub washed. 27@26c.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-03-18
Fish and Sea Foods

Red snapper, 1llac in Dbl lots: l21tc In
small lots; groupers &c; Spanish mack
erel 15c: speckled sea trout. 111ac; carp,
roughs, &c; mullet, SEC; sun perch or
Dream, S1sc; pompano' Zoc: mixed fish.
o. I'm barrel lots; crockers. 6lhc; fresh
x.atnr nerch TIC.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-03-18
Holiday Friday and Saturday

New York, March 1.-THE coffee ex-
change here will be closed good Friday
and the following saturday.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-03-18

live turkeys, 1sQ20c: fresh eggs. case
candled, 1sc; extra graded candled eggs,
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-03-18
LOCAL SECURITIES

Total for the day. 2OS. BOO shares
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-03-18

New York Cotton Futures
Cheraw chronicle. [volume] (Cheraw, S.C.) 1896-2005, 1913-05-01
Winthrop College Scholarship and
Entrance Examination

The examination for the award of
vacant scholarships in Winthrop Col
lege and for the admission of new stu
dents will be held at the County Court
House on Friday, July 4, at a. m.
Applicants must be not less than six
teen years of age. When scholarships
are vacant after July 4 they will be
awarded to those making the highest
average at this examination, provided
they meet the conditions governing
the award. Applicants for Scholarships
should write to President Johnson be-
fore the examination for Scholarship
examination blanks. Scholarships are
$1O0 and free tuition. The next session
will open September II, 1913. For fur
ther information and catalogue, ad-
dress Pres. p. B. Johnson, Rock Hill,
S. G..
Cheraw chronicle. [volume] (Cheraw, S.C.) 1896-2005, 1913-05-01
:! ! Il: Il: =. :: !: !:
hality but a. Fut in price on

cunt OF damage .Dy tlCks.
5th. Loss of native cattle.
9Th. Loss by reason of young stock
never developing to be what their
blood and breeding entities them to
be, if infested with ticks.
Sum total annual loss to the tick
infested ca amounts to s4O,OOO,OOO
South Carolina's annual loss is
over 100000 Chesterfield ,ounty's
share is considerable.
The government experts 'e!l us
that the boil weevil is sure 10 be
: here within The next six years. when
it will be impossible to make full
cotton crop.
Why not get busy now preparing
for his coming. Get rid of the cat
tie tick-put cattle raising on busi-
ness basis. Now is the oDortune
time. Accept the proposition offered
by Clemson College through their
representative, Dr.. NJ. L. Qrig!eY, to
the Chesterfield County Live Stock
Association at meeting held A. Che
raw last Saturday.
Clemson College asks the county to
appropriate $4,000 and the College
will give an equal amount; ih:S sup
plemented by Federal aid. will c@ahle
cooperation and systematic ticE Grad
.ication to be carried on effectively III
hta county this year.
A committee was appointed TO raise
the above amount and we earnestly
solicit the aid CT every ente2prlsing
~ and progressive citizen in our COUNT
in behalf of this enterprisilg and
profitable cause.
We are progressing, we are g1ne
to have a successful county fair this
year and if we will add tick Grad
ication owo mighty strlies will be
made in the march of progresa, and
Chesterfield county will n:orc nearer
the head of the process.oh where she
rightfully belongs.
Chesterfield County lice St0C;;
Association.
Cheraw chronicle. [volume] (Cheraw, S.C.) 1896-2005, 1913-05-01
Protection.

"Women who are alone in flat all
day take many precautions to insure
safety" a gas collector said. "One
way that learned the other day made
me feel rather foolish. When l went
into the kitchen to read the meter the
mistress of the fat stepped to the
telephone and said:
cts all right, Central. It's only
the gas man
"Of course, she was under no obn-
cations to explain that cryptic allusion
TO myself, but she did it voluntarily.
"'Every time the doorbell rings
when am here alone she said, I
take the receiver OFF the hook and
leave the telephone open before I go
to the door, so that If I should have
occasion to scream they could hear mo
at headquarters ard send somebody to
my assistance
ITO utilize the telephone company
rs a private detective bureau struck
me as nervy, but have since learned
that a lot of lone women resort to
that plan with satisfaction to all con-
:erned."
Cheraw chronicle. [volume] (Cheraw, S.C.) 1896-2005, 1913-05-01
Wonderful Skin Salve

Bucklens Arnica Salve is known
everywhere as the best remedy made
for all diseases of the skin, and also
for burns. bruises and boils. Reduces
inflammation and is soothing and heal
ing. ]. T. Sossaman.publisherof News,
ofCornelius,N NC, writes that one box
helped his serious skin ailment after
other remedies failed. Only 25c. Rec
commended by T. Z. Wannamaker &
Sons.
Cheraw chronicle. [volume] (Cheraw, S.C.) 1896-2005, 1913-05-01
Hancock. Hancock.

Mr.. X. A. Hancock, of Timmons-
Vile. s. c.. and Miss Bertha Han
cock, daughter of Mr.. and Mrs. w. R.
Hancock, were married at the
home of the brides parents in this
city, Sunday afternoon at 4.30 o'clock,
Rev. A. H. McArn performing the
ceremony.
Immediately after the ceremony the
happy couple left for their home in
Timmonsville.
Cheraw chronicle. [volume] (Cheraw, S.C.) 1896-2005, 1913-05-01

DECORATION DAY IN CHERAW
This Year VIII be Observed on Mon.
day, May 12-Program Follows.

This Year VIII be observed on Mon.
day, May 12-Program Follows.
Decoration Day will be observed
this year ON Monday, May 18th. as
the 10th falls on Saturday.
All of the citizens of the town are
urged to take part in the exercises
on that day. We will meet at the
Presbyterian Session House at S
o'clock, and leave there promptly at
$50 for the cemetery.
Following is the order of exercises
for the day:
Prayer by Rev. G. T. Harmon, Jr.
Song-"We Cannot Forget" Chill
dren decorate.
Song-"Peace, Perfect Peace" by
male quartette.
Song-"Let Us Pass Over the Riv-
er." Veterans and Sons decorate.
Address by Rev. A. S. Thomas.
Doxology.
Benediction by Rev. Jno. X. Goode.
Following are the COMMITTEES on ar
|rangement:
Music-Mrs. Il. NJ. Evans, Chair
man; Mrs. T. F. Malloy, Mrs. G. M.
Hendrix, Miss Lizzie Blue.
Assigning Outside Graves-Mrs. w.
T. Thrower, Miss Eta Powe.
Decorating Monument-Mrs. w. T.
Thrower.
Providing Boquets for Veterans
Mrs. Nj. MGR. MCLAUGHLIN.
Providing Boquets for Sons-Mrs.
w. P. Pollock, Miss Mabel McIver.
Having Church Bells Tolled-Miss
Lizzie Malloy.
Mite Boxes-Miss Matte Duyfll.
Cheraw chronicle. [volume] (Cheraw, S.C.) 1896-2005, 1913-05-01
Number Is
HAPPY RALLY DAY
At First Baptist Church on Sunday,
May 4th.

Next Sunday. May 4th, is Happy
Rally Day at the Cheraw Baptist Sun
day school and those who attended
the Rally Day exercises last year at
the Baptist church will welcome this
happy occasion. There will be only
one service that morning, the Sunday
school and church service being merg-
ed into one. Every one attending this
service is requested to wear flower
of some kind. Musicians have been
engaged for the occasion and an at
tractive program has been arranged.
The exercises will begin promptly at
1890 o'clock.
Following is the program:
Instrumental Music
Marching Song
Song No. 35
Invocation (Supt.)
Children's Chorus
Song No. 4
Prayer by Pastor
Song No. LAG (In Assembly Songs)
Scripture Reading
Violin Solo
"a Lesson" (W. G. Ellis)
Song No.
Collection
Quartet Supported by Chorus
Talk by Pastor
Invitation Song No. 85
s. 8. Report
Song No. 36
Benediction
Cheraw chronicle. [volume] (Cheraw, S.C.) 1896-2005, 1913-05-01
We Solicit Your Business

We believe are thoroughly organized and
equipped to serve you in a satisfactory manner in
any of the branches of our business.
We buy, sell, or exchange resl estate, both
City and Country property also timber and timber
lands We will handle your property on commits
sion basis, and our charges are only per cent.
We act as administrators guardians and execu-
tors We solicit trust funds and pay per cent. in
terest computed annually.
We can sell you life insurance of the kind YOU
NEED.
We can sell you health and accident insurance,
NONE BETTER.
We can sell you surety bond that IS BOND.
We sell you the fire insurance you need,
THAT INSURES.
Maynard-Raley Realty & Trust Go.
CAPITAL $25OOOoO
PHONE "a CHERAW, s. G.
Cheraw chronicle. [volume] (Cheraw, S.C.) 1896-2005, 1913-05-01

Send your orders for Job Printing
to the Stricklin Printing Company,
Cheraw, S. c.
Cheraw chronicle. [volume] (Cheraw, S.C.) 1896-2005, 1913-05-01
.cHssass scEsnI.aI
On Seaboard Are Slight.-Two New
Trains.--Numbers Of Trains
Also Changed.

The Seaboard Air Line has chang
ed the schedule of their passenger
trains passing .Cheraw
Following Is the schedule:
NORTHBOUND.
No. 4 Due to Arrive. SIS a. m.
No. sc Due to Arrive. 10.43 a. m.
No. IS Due to Arrive. SIS p. m.
No 2 Due to Arrive. 9.02 y. m.
SOUTHBOUND.
No. II Due to Arrive. S.55 a. m.
No. Due to Arrive. 9.35 a. m.
No. 80 Due to Arrive. 500 p. m.
No. 3 Due to Arrive. 9.39 p. m.
The local trains are Nos. 35, Sc, II
and IS. Nos. l, 2. and are through
trains between Tampa, Fla, and New
York City.
Cheraw chronicle. [volume] (Cheraw, S.C.) 1896-2005, 1913-05-01
Raeder.Truitt.

Mrs. Hessie Reeder and VI, Sam.
ruitt both Of Darlinstoul unf-
In = anaEk @ pa5|l 80 -
known here in Cheraw, having lived
here several years. III
Cheraw chronicle. [volume] (Cheraw, S.C.) 1896-2005, 1913-05-01
WHAT WE ARE PAYING
FOR THE PRIVILEGE
! FEEDING CATTLE TICK
An Interesting Communication from
the Chesterfield County Live
Stock Association.

The economic aspect of the tick
problem is unquestionably of the
greatest practicle interest since the
. fundamental importance of all other
questions which surround it depend
upon the actual money value invol-
we'd. Therefore study the following
statistics of the financial loss sus-
tanned by the South as a direct re-
suit of the cattle tick.
1st. All cattle from the tick in
tested area sold in the Southern pens
of the Norfolk stock yards bring on
AN average from 1 to cents per
pound less than the general market
price for the same grade of cattle
this vii amount to a cut in price of
$500 to $1,000 per head on 600
pound animal.
End. The shrinkage in milk pro-
duction of COWS harboring the cat
Eztle tick.
Bird. Loss to Southern purchasers
Af No-thern pure bred or grade cat
e for foundation stock which
6h amounts % 50 per cent of Nor
The Julesburg grit-advocate., 1913-09-18
.h3its Live Stock

k1h6bits Stoek
1sst draft stallion any breed
bsst team of draft shown to farm wagon
bss team of draft geldngs harness to farm wagon
bsst team OF mules shown in harness o farm wagon
Best sucking colt
The Julesburg grit-advocate., 1913-09-18
Special Meeting Of the Board of
the Julesburs Irrigation Dis
trict August ~. 1913.

Present: Frank Sherman. w. H,
Brandt, Directors,C. M. Robson, At.
torney, R. j. Dobell, Secretary, D. T.
Bush, Superintendent.
Meeting called to act on matter of
water delivered to John Holmes in
June, charged as reservoir water and
claimed by Holmes as water due him
on right in Petersen canal and reser-
vo'r company; where as he did not paw
his assessment on said right until july
3rd.. 1918.
Motion made, secouded ane carried
that w. H. Brandt act as chairman in
the meeting.
Motion made, seconded and carried
that under conditions a refund of 2.20
feet of water be given John Holmes.
AS there was no other busines the
meeting adjourned.
B. d. Parker, Jr.
A''esl President.
R. J. Dobell,
Secretary,
The Julesburg grit-advocate., 1913-09-18

Miss Madge McNew. HiIda
Phares, and Lydia Lueck, have
rented the Mason house. and gone
to housekeeping.
Beet hauling started in Monday
Ethan Carol putting the first load
over the dump, and at this writing
several cars have been loaded.
While the Tonnage may not be as
heavy per acre as last year the
whole crop will no doubt be hesy-
ler on account of the increase in
acreage over last year.
The Alexander Brothers have
leased the farms of the John Cass
Lumber Company and will enter
the hog business on IA large scale.
Don't buy your harness for beet haul
ing till you have seen the stock at the
Western Hardware and Supply Com
pany at. Ovid Colorado.
Messers Reeder and Chase have
completed the two bridges built on
the state highway near Ovid far
in advance of the time allowed by
the county.
Mr.. and Mrs. john Chase have
rented the Flora house for the
winter.
Mr.. and Mrs. Sisson have NOV
ed on the Holmes Laughlin ranch.
Mrs. HaIlowell has returned to
Ovid and is occupying her home
here for the winter.
Miss Maude Hiatt of the south
divide is making her home in Ovid
for the present.
Messrs. Reeder and Chase have
been busy the last week building
beet racks.
Miss HiIda Phares, Mr.. War
rem and Pat O'Connor are again
working at the beet dump.
Mr.. Jim Hewgley and family
have moved onto one of the Land
Company's farms.
Mrs. p. O'Connor was operated
upon at the Mercy hospital on last
Friday. Latest reports are very
encouraging and unless complica-
tions set in she will be home in a
few weeks,
Mrs. Tom Reeder returned
from Denver Monday where she
has been attending her sister Mrs.
O'Connor.
The Julesburg grit-advocate., 1913-09-18
w. c. T. u.
Moving Pictures

The w. G. L. U. are to share in
the proceeds of the receipts of the
moving picture show on Tuesday
evening Sept 23rd and will assist
IN making up an especially inter-
esting program.
A cordial invitation is extended
to all and liberal patronage is
solicited.
The Julesburg grit-advocate., 1913-09-18

Mr.. Clarence Chapman Of Gal
latin, Mo-, has been engaged in
the G. A. Reed Hardware Store
and has taken up his work. His
family will arrive later and make
this their home. We welcome
this new family to Julesburg.
The Julesburg grit-advocate., 1913-09-18
Millinery Opening

Mrs. H. A. Conover will have
her fall opening of trimmed and
tailored hats on Friday and Satur-
day, September 10Th. and 20th.
The Julesburg grit-advocate., 1913-09-18
Bake Sale

The W, H. NJ. Society will have
.a-sale of chicken, pies, cakes,
doughnuts, cookies and other eat
ibles at w. NJ. Labaree's store on
Saturday, September goth, COM
mencing at 9 o'clock a. m.
The Julesburg grit-advocate., 1913-09-18

The John Cass Lumber Co.
nave been making some decided
improvements in their office put
ting the entrance on the NORTH
side and rearranging the interior
so as to give them more room and
light.
The Julesburg grit-advocate., 1913-09-18

A delightful party of the young
people of the Congregational
Church was had on Saturday mig hit
The young folks chartered a beet
wagon and drove to the caves
where they participated in a
water melon feed.
The Julesburg grit-advocate., 1913-09-18
Bring Your School Children,

Bring your School Children to the
brown Hotel where DR.. Sapero the
well-known eye, ear nose aud throat
specialist of Denver will examine them
free of charge, Wednesday and Thurs
day October LIST and End.
The Julesburg grit-advocate., 1913-09-18
Premium List
| Parade,

Parade
The best decorated automobile ,ooo
Best decorsted Business, or Lodge float
Best decorated rig 20
Most ridiculous ,""o