Imperial Valley press., 1913-09-22

keep out ticks and feas as well. Car
bolic acid and cresol are both power
full disinfectants, and it seems hardly
possible that any insect would care
to enter house where they are used
especially if all conditions of sani-
tation (clean nests, clean litter, clean
yards and clean floors) are complied
with.
Four parasites find lodgment within
the bodies of the fowls themselves;
intestinal worms, cape worms, the air
sac mite and the connective tissue
mite.
Worms in small numbers are said
to inhabit the digestive organs of all
fowls, and when they are not too
numerous cd no perceptible harm. I'M
der certain conditions they are sup
posed to develop too rapidly, and then
we have the disease known as
worms" This is one eheory, and on
one seems to have better one. With
out question worms are often found
in the intestines Of fowls, and with
out question they affect the health.
In recent years a number of poultry
plants have been put out of business
by epidemics of worms, so it be-
hooves every poultrykeeper to watch
for symptoms, to treat cases that
occur, and to prevent infection as
much as possible.
Three species of worms are known
to infect the digestive organs of poul-
try; tape worms, round worms and
flukes. The tape worm is long. fiat,
segmented worm like those which in
fest man and other animals; the
round worm is white and, as the name
indicates, round, and varies in length
from one-third of an inch to five in
ches; the fiuke worm is small, fat,
and usually oval in shape.
For tape worm Salmon recommends
a teaspoonful of powdered pomegran-
ate rott mixed in the mash for every
30 birds. Follow this with dose Of
castor oil for individual birds, or Ep-
som salts in the mash. Powdered
areca nut in doses of 80 to 40 grains,
mixed with butter and made into
pills; male fern in the form of pow
der (dose, 80 grains to / dram). or Of
liquid extract (dose, Is to 80 drops) !,
and given morning and evening before
feeding; and oil of turpentine tone to
three teaspoonfuls) forced through a
small, flexible catheter that has been
oiled and passed through the mouth
and aesphagus to the crop, are all
effective remedies for tape worm. A
dose of Epson salts or castor oil
should follow each. Areca nut and
male fern are said to produce bad
effects when given to turkeys
For round worms Salmon prescribes
thymol Zone grain made into a pill
with bread and butter to each fowl
or cantonica worn oiD in doses of
seven or eight grains. A purge should
follow each.
Flukes are Of no pathological i'm
portance.
Gapes is a disease which frequently
attacks young chicks, especially on old
ground and is caused by minute para
sitical worms in the trachea or wind
pipe. The disease is thus described
by Woods in Reliable Poultry Rene
dies: "The symptoms Of gapes are
frequent gaping, sneezing, whistling
cough with discharge of mucus and
worms, dumpishness, weakness and
dropping wings" The only sure cure
is to extract the worms from the wind
pipe with a cape worm extractor or a
loop of horsehair Of fine wire, though
good results have been reported from
medicating drinking water with Is
grains of salicylic acid or three drains
of salicylate of soda to the quart of
water.
Reliance must be placed chiefly Oh
prevention. Whenever cases of gapes