davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1913-08-12

Nickerson at her cottage at Hudson
lake.
Mrs. George Lyman and little
daughter. OF Edwardsville, H., are
guests Of the formers aunt, Mrs. E.
II. Harris.
A daughter, Esther Grace, was born
to Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Fowler, Mon
day, Aug. IL.
Miss Ruby Belle Wilson of South
Bend, spent Sunday here the guest of
Mrs. A. r. Brummitt.
Russell Cooney of Burlington. Wis,
is a guest of Mr.. and Mrs. L. NJ.
Bruch.
Mr.. and Mrs. Charles Van Dusen of
South Bend, were week end guests of
Mr.. and Mrs. w. w France
Mr.. and Mrs. O. NJ. Searles and son
Donald, of LAGRANGE, ILL.,, are guests
at the home Of Mrs. Searles' parents,
Mr.. and Mrs. George l.. Sipe.
Mrs. F. w. Runde and children,
Kenneth and Marjel and Miss Leyh
of st. Louis. Mo-, are guests Of the
formers aunt, Mrs. Anna Bruch and
family.
Mrs. Edith Compton has returned
from an extended visit with relatives
in New York.
Mrs. Katharine Cooney Of winnet-
Ike, ILL.,. spent the week end with rel
atives at Hudson lake
Mrs. Howard Armstrong entertained
Monday at dinner. in honor Of her
daughter Virginia's twelfth birthday
anniversary.
The Bennett Van Dusen annual
family reunion was held at Hudson
lake Saturday, in Smiths grove There
was a large attendance and games,
athletic sports OF various kinds, boat
ing, etc, were enjoyable features of
the day. A sumptuouS dinner was
served at noon.
The Curry-Nickerson and Kinney
families met Saturday in annual re-
union at Lake Park, Hudson lake
Mrs. Edward Green returned to
Chicago Friday. after several days
visit with Mr.. and Mrs. VIM Green.
Miss Alvene Hauser returned Sat
urday from Oak Park, Ill, where she
visited several days with her sister,
Mrs. II. W. Rexinger.
The Cleaners from various places
held picnic at Hudson lake Saturday.
The Carr family reunion will be held
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1913-08-12
Geo. Wyman s. Co.
NILES.

The Berrien county board of super
visors at a special meeting held at st.
Joseph elected Melvin Burger county
school commissioner. A number
were in the field for the office.
Mr.. and Mrs. Harry Parks, who re
Gently went to Jackson to reside, are
parents of twins, a boy and girl. The
parents of both Mr. and Mrs. Parks
reside here, Mrs. Parks having for
merly been Miss Jennie Basso.
The Niles Chautauqua committee
held a conference with F. NJ. Whit
ney. superintendent of the Redpath
Chautauqua, and after a discussion OF
a program, a contract for 1914 was
: The Crystal Springs camp meeting
was closed on Sunday after one of the
most successful seasons in the history
of the association. The camp meet
ing association at a special meet
held during the session, decided to
maintain the organization for a
period of % years. This action is
expected to give new life TO the asso-
citation and cottagers are already
planning to make extensive improve
ments on their cottages and new ones
will be built
Mr. and Mrs. Adrian Leach of West
Niles are parents of a daughter.
e A. ALBANIAN left Monday for
Cleveland to accept a new position.
His family will remain in Niles for
the present.
Gotlob Schelegal. a pioneer resident
of Niles, died Monday at the age of
rs years He suffered g stroke OF
paralysis on Friday Mr.. Schelegal
resided in Niles for a number of years
and then moved to a farm and re-
Gently moved back TO Niles. He is
survived by a widow.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1913-08-12
PUBLIC IS NOT
INVITED To HEAR
CURRENCY FIGHT
Proposition to Have the Caucus
Thrown Open to Public De-
feated-Rep. Glass Defends
tine Measure.

WASHINGTON, Aug. IA vigor-
5us defense OF the administration cur
rency bill by Rep. Carter Glass, one
Of its authors. was received with gen
Eral applause and support IN the first
session Monday OF the caucus OF
democratic members Of the house be-
Tore which the measure is to be work
ed over and its fate determined.
Rep. Glass speech followed an un-
successful attempt by the "insurgent"
democrats OF the banking and cur
rency committee 10 have the caucus
thrown open 10 the public. Led by
Rep. Ragsdale Of South Carolina,
member OF the committee, Rep. Henry
OF Texas and others, the advocates of
open caucus mustered - votes against
L19.
The currency bill was laid before
he caucus by Rep. Glass. as chairman
Of tho committee, with the endorse
ment OF II democratic members. Rep
resentative Medley and Ragsdale and
Hep. Eagle OF Texas, withheld their
approval Mr.. Glass speech in ex-
PLANTATION of the bill. which began as
4 general statement Of the purposes
and hopes OF its trainers was turned
into an emphatic defense of the meas
ure when the insurgents" insisted
that IL should make provision for the
issuance OF currency upon warehouse
receipts for corn, wheat and cotton.
Against Amendments.
Speculation would receive the active
support OF the government he de-
Jared II these amendments were put
into the blu. The legitimate demands
OF farming communities. he said. for
money TO carry on ordinary farming
and commercial operations were fully
covered by the measure and to make
warehouse receipts for cotton or grain
a legal security for the Issuance of
The proposed new treasury notes
would furnish the means by which
SPECTATORS could hold the cotton and
grain crops in storage for an indefinite
period.
Friends Of the administration bill,
as the result OF Mondays opening ses-
sion. predicted that the caucus would
approve the measure with few
changes. Representatives Neeley,
Ragsdale and Eagle will lead a fight,
however, for the adoption of the pro
posed agricultural amendments and
also for amendments to prevent in
banks and 10 prevent banks from
ioaning money 70 their officers.
The caucus agreed to allow eight
hours OF general debate on the bill.
one-half TO be controlled by Chairman
Glass and the other half by Rep.
Neeley OF the "insurgent" forces. IL
Is expected that the caucus will run
throughout the week as the bill Will
be read and debated section by sec
ton after the general debate is ended.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1913-08-12
WAIKERTON

Mr.. and Mrs. O. +. Grain and fam
lily spent Sunday with relatives in War
saw.
A union open air meeting Of the
churches was held here Sunday even
ing. Another will be given next Sun
day, weather permitting.
Clint Houser was in Michigan City
Sunday.
N E. Bailey who is employed in
South Chicago, spent Sunday with his
family here
Harry Carter is employed as yard
clerk" for the r. q O. at Hammond.
Ed Frost Of Aida spent sunday with
relatives here.
y. D. Sellars of Wellsboro was here
the first of the week on business.
a small fire from an unknown
cause started in the house of G. Parish
in the south part of town Monday af-
ternoon 1t was put out without the
use of the hose cart.
A recital will be given in the opera
house Friday evening, Aug. p, by the
pupils of Miss Cora Belle Hines.
Miss Carrie Quirk OF Gas City Ind,
is visiting relatives here this week.
James Duncan is erecting a house
in the new Place addition.
Mrs. G.. z. Spahr was in Plymouth
Saturday
Mr.. and Mrs. Chas. Quinn Of Chi
cago, who have been visiting at the
F. Ryder home for the past week,
returned home Monday.
Mrs. Joe Kelley of Valparaiso is Wis
iting relatives here.
F. Mcfarland, local agent for l. f.
& w, was in Muncie, Ind, the first
of the week.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1913-08-12
Late News From the
Surrounding Towns


When the $50 train came in on the
Pennsylvania it looked as if all BOur-
bon, Inwood were coming to see sun
Bros. show. \ fair crowd came from
the west too. This made PlymOuth's
streets look lively.
Mr.. and Mrs. Geo. Baxter left this
morning for Mishawaka, where they
will visit the families of their sons,
John and Ed for few weeks.
Mrs Charles Wrightsman and two
daughters, Mrs. Fred Wenzler and
Mrs. Carl Kleckner.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1913-08-12

next Saturday at the home of Mr.. and
Mrs. Will Carr.
Mrs. Maggie Derringer of Hayden
Ind, is a guest of her half brother
Henry Carr.
DIR. Snowden of Galien, Mich, was
called here professionally Sunday.
Mrs. LOngfellow and Mrs. Berger of
Galien, Mich, visited New Carlisle
friends Saturday.
Mrs. Gale Jedding of Battle Creek
Mich, is a guest of Mrs. Fred Zeck.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1913-08-12
NEW CARLISLE

Mr.. and Mrs II. Finney of Earlham.
Ia, are visiting relatives here.
Mr.. and Mrs. Vern Van Dusen Of
South Bend. spent Saturday and sun
day with the latter's parents. Mr.. and
Mrs. Perry Mcdonald.
Mr.. and Mrs. r. +. Vogler and
daughter. Catharine. OF Chesterton,
were guests at the home Of Mr.. and
Mrs. A. II. Compton Saturday and
sunday
Mr.. and Mrs. Sawyer Of Chicago are
spending the week with Mrs. b. F..
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1913-08-09
FOUR PERSONS ARE INJURED
IN A WRECK AT ELKlNs, w VA
Western Maryland Passenger Train
coIlides With Freight Cars at

Western Maryland passenger tts'r
No collided with string Of freighs
ears in the Elkins, w. Va, yards
shortly after noon yesterday when u
ran into an open switch Engiaeer
PAT Rowan and Fireman f. Himmsl-
wright Of Cumberland We're painful
~ but not seriously injured when
they jumped. Baggagemaster Guy
Taylor was slightly injured when
some baggage fell on one arm. Miss
Calora Dawson, Of Elkins, was scrat-
ched and bruised.
The fact that brakes were not set
on the freight cars standing on the
siding prevented a more serious acct
dent. as the yestibules and platforms
OF the train were crowded with pas
sengers at the time.
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1913-08-09
PROFESSOR LIKES OLD EGGS,
Cold Storage Kind Nothing to What Ii
Hung Chang Brought over.

Professor W. G. Sedgwick of Stevens
Institute of Technology recently APP
peared as an expert witness before
the state board of health in Trenton.
N. j.. to demonstrate that 400 cans of
frozen eggs seized by the government
three years ago as unfit for food are
still perfectly wholesome AS evidence
he told of feeding them to members
OF his family aud attaches of his
laboratory. who suffered no i'll effects,
When the health sharps at the hear
ing seemed ineredulous Professor
Sedgwick explained that TO keep eggs
for a few years is really not a marker
to the feats of the Chinese. who pre-.
serve them for indefinite periods He
recalled that when Ii Hung Chang
visited America he brought with him
eggs hundred years old because there
were none in this country old enough
TO suit his palate.
While the eggs. which belonged to
the II. ]. Keith company Of Topeka
Kan. have been ripening in storage in
Jersey City the federal courts have
been wrestling with the problem of
their fitness for food.
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1913-08-09
what GREAT MEN HAVE
SAID ABOUT EDUCATION
Collection Of Notable usterances o.
Prominent Americans.


AS an aid 10 the campaign Ia behalf
Of hcatpr educational facilities. the
United States bureau Of educafion has
Just lssned d bulletin Expressions
On Education by American Statesmen
and publicists~ The book Is a col.
lection OF notable utterances on edu.
cation By prominent Americans from
the earliest days to the present
BEGINNING with franklin, Washing.
ton. Adams aud Jefferson, all OF whum
were firm believers ID popular educa-
tlon. the document quotes opinions on
education from a long line Of siistin-
guishcd Americans. including John
jay. Madison. Monroe. Albert tsalIatiif,
De Witt Clinton. Archibald Mnrphey.
father az the North Carolina common
school" Calhoun. Webster. Buchanan.
Thnddeus stevens. the champion of
public schools IA the enrly days Of
Pennsylvania. Edward Everett George
Peabody. the phianthropist; Horace
Mann. and NJ. u. Lamar. president Of
the Republic Of Texas,
Coming TO more modern fines. the
following are represented William
II. Seward. robert Il. Lee. who gaye
the Inst years Of bis life 10 the cause
Of education and urged the thorough
education Of all cIassas or the peoplc;'
Lincoln. who viewed education us ethe
most important subject which we as a
people can be- enunged iti:' Charles
Sumner Calvin Wiley, who consider.
ed ii the lnstitg honor 81 his state that
cher public schools survived the terri.
Bile shock of war General Grants who
conimcndeds the progress OF tile public
schools In u message % congress-
Rutherford Il. rInyes. Senator Benlni
min Harvey IIiIIsof Georgln. who said
that "education Is the one subject mr.
which no people ever yet paid too
much: william Henry Rntfner of vfr-
GINA; ] 4. M. Curry, who considers
ed 1t .'the ppIRe business and duty OF
each generation 10 educate the next
Henry W. Grady. Grover Cleveland.
Governor Aycock. who fell dead at
Birmingham. Ala. win the word "edu-
cation on his lips, aud other leading
Americans who have N'ged the extern
sion OF educational opportunities. fire..
quently in the face of strong opposi-
ton
A few conspicuous men now living
are given space in the bulletin for
their uttcrnnces on education. There
are significant passages from President
Woodrow Wilson and former Presi'
dents Roosevelt aud Taft from Charles
w. Eliot of Harvard. from Ambassa.
dor Walter IT, Page, who has been one
OF the leaders IN the educational re.
generation IN the south; Charles w,
Dabney. president of the University
Of Cincinnati: Senator Hoke Smith OF
Georgia James B Frazier OF Tennes.
see. Dean Liberty II Bailey Of Cornell
and President Edwin A. Alderman OF
the University of Virginia.
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1913-08-09
Roiglling II De Luxe

Behold the wealthy camper goes
III khaki euis ais0 ample hose
10 esYnp Nsil phA AZ rough e
He hslnEs 4 kn0gka denp house aionx
Wnh thlnga THAI tnerennla belong
WITH snrnitare he'n ssuft 4
A range ana lamps ard Easclme.
a lsene fpfsh All isst iaaehlhe,
Srfaie foiasaN heEsn ard bedding.
xaist ana 4 hEtsef ter
A tsssng Il rairsent bright ard new
YOU shiig Il wAa wesdlnS
4 lelenhone 4 ticker tane
tfrtnln hasinnaA ilssw can one escapeD.
Ills RfsyRte secretary,
Eunse Wines, natanls and fat cigarss
a modest tvAt st iNntpgcnrs
on natures Fanctuaryt
he xnugAs itas tive weeks OF moro
And feels wsrse iilan hs ga hefnre,
Eepose. nc canuut win u
And when gglh talA ~ cnmplns out
The notion III VII srofp ana iiput
Ard say, "Ihcre'e nothing Ia II, !"
Chicago Daily News.
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1913-08-09
Afraid Of Water.

Z FAIRMONT, Aug. civilian Ri
deal, glassworker. was foand float
ing in the Monongahela river liefe
yesterday. The man was dead drunk
and had started to cross the river to
his camp, He was pulled into the
motorboat and taken within a few
feet OF shore When told TO get out
and walk he objected because he
I.ared he would get wet
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1913-08-09
AIR MAP or WHOLE WORLD.
peary Announces Famous Goo9ra-
phcrs win Make One.

Famous geQgrapherx from many
countries soop are 10 meet TO prepare
an u.ronauiicai map of the entire
world That announcement was made
BY Kear 4 lmiral Robert II, reary IN
d report % the NatIonnl Geographic
society % the results accomplished ut
the tenth international geographic con-
florence IN Rome. which he attended
as one Of the American delegates.
The work on the map win be UNDER
. tnkcn at an international meeting 70
be called this fall The meeting will
determine conventional signsand rules
for such chart, which Il to be on
scale Of l.nO0.0oO
Admiral peary reported also that the
congress considered the subject Of the
construction Of world map on
1-i,0oOOo0 scale The congress also
considered the organization In each
country Of courses ID geography IN tho
higher edncaiionaI Institutions. with
an interchange Or teuchcrs among such
countries The estimate Of an inter
national geographical institute. wh!fh
wonId coordinate the studies. was mn
sther question taken m
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1913-08-09
COLONIZATION SOCIETY
PLANNING MODEL FARMS
Organization Would Establish Instruc-
ton centers For Settlers.

The international Colonization soci-
ETY.. which was organized to aid bona
fide settlers who are anxious to take
possession of homestead and railroad
lands, has conceived the idea of estab.
fishing model farms in every state to
teach the settlers the most advanta-
Reous manner IN which TO improve the
lands allotted to them. The society Is
also engaged IN a campaign to obtain
a revision Of the interstate commerce
law by congress. which will permit the
railroads to grant free transportation
to settlers. CONCERNING the model
farm" plan. II has made this announce
fnent:
1T is the purpose of the Information.
oil Colonization society. when fully or
gaffized. TO ask each state within the
United States. through their eglsia-
lures or otherwise. to provide and set
apart or transfer to the society one
section of GAO acres Of tillabie land for
experimental farming. to be put under
a high state OF cultivation by said so
ciety to demonstrate the productive
qualities OF the soil to the best adj
vantage Tor the raising of live stock.
such MS cattle. sheep, hogs. horses and
poultry: the raising of grain. such as
wheat. corn and oats. and also vege.
tables and fruits OF such Varieties as
3 may best he adapted to the different
soil and climate where said land may
be located Said farms TO be under the
supervision Of the said international
Colonization society. which shall with
the advice and consent Ola committee
Of the advisory board thereof Jointly
with q committee appointed by each
state. wherein lands have been as
signed for experimental farming, Sc
lect a superintendent who shall possess
thorough knowledge OF practical
farming to take charge of same"
IL 1t is found that the states are
willing to cooperate in this work and
the farms prove profitable, it is the in
tention of the society TO devote any
profits TO the fund for the aid of the
settlers. After a term of years the
plan is to dispose Of the property cult
waited by such means as the states
direct.
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1913-08-09
THIS HEN is AN ORACLE.
Lays Message Bearing Eggs, and Mem
bers of Sect Revere Bird.

The IsraeIlte colony. a religious sec
near Benton Iiarhor. Mich. is excited
ever the accomplishment of her
WHICH lays eggs said to bear inscriD
tionss
Seventeen OF the eggs are said te
have been produced, one with th,
words 20 X Benjamin" another Will
May Peace Pay" aud another witt
mot Die. 1915"
MIR Benjamin is the head Of the col
onsr
The Israelites carefullyguard the nest
allowing no outsiders TO approach 1t
It Is said they are expecting an ego
bearing the date when the iwil
have grown TO i44000 members. sup
posedly the number OF the twelve
tribes Of Israel When that day comes
II Is believed nv the sect. M Others
than the li400o will perish.
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1913-08-09
CONFERENCE AT WINCHESTER
Forty Eighth Annual Session Begins
Rev. Switzer Preached Last
Night.

/ The first business session of the
Winchester District conference which
is in session at Winchester. was call
led to order Tuesday morning by the
presiding elder, the Rev. \. J. Lam
bert, OF Winchester, in the Sunday
school house. who also conducted the
devotional exercises.
Rev. J, H. Haley, of Strasburg,
was asked to call the roll, after
which he was chosen 10 act as sec
rotary of the meeting, AR Il. Frank
Barr, of Winchester, was elected re-
cprding secretary W
II 1t was unanimously decided to hold
sthe meetings as foiiows Morning
session. 3 O'clock, ard Che evening
lservices at 8 o'clock. standing com
Emittees were appointed BY the pfesid-
ing elder H
The names OF Che following local
preachers were called. scharac-
tiers passed and their licenses re-
newed fof another Year, sMessrs.
Clinton c. Bush, OF JeffersoE N r,
Conway, OF Winchester; j. ~. Coo
ley, OF Middletown; George u Ker-
pheval of )Glenside circuit; A. r.
Middleton, NJ. L. Fearnow, ]. w.
Reeves, of Brucetown circuit and
A.. w Smith, Of this city.
The morning sermon was preached
at 1890 o'clock by Rev, G, II. Can
non, Of summit Point, ". Va, follow
cd BY the holy communion.
At the afternoons session, deyo-
tional exercises were conducted by
Rey. Il. D. McNeer
Tile report on Epworlh leagues
was made by Rev. Or. w. $. Ham
mShd THE Epworth League Made
Effective" was the subject Of an
address by Rev W. A. Lynch fol
lowed by a general discussion
Rev S. A. Parker reported in be-
half Of the Sunday school, and THE
Organized Glass" was discussed by
Mr.. NJ. L. Walton This was also fol-
lowed by a general discussion.
Rev. b. Y. switzer, this city, preach
ed at the s O'Clock service last night.
This is the forty-eighih annual SEES
sion. and there are large number of
ministers aud lay delegates from a
distance. The sessions are being held
in Braddock street church aud will
continue until Thursday evening.
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1913-08-09

tMiss Florence Half and w. r. w.
Han, Jr., who she says is the father
of her child.)
LYNBROOK, H. l.. Aug. g. Socie-
ty in this place is buzzing with Cos
sip in connection with the case Of
Miss Florence Half, pretty 10 year
old girl of the village, who a few days
ago made public charges against w.
p w. Half, Jr.. stating that he is the
father Of her months old child. Mr.
Haff, although bearing the same
name as his accuser is in no way re-
lated TO her Mr.. Han is a prominent
clubman philanthropist and lay ev-
angAlist He is very wealthy, having
inherited large interests in coal
business from his father. The com
munity has. always regarded him
with the utmost esteem and the &C.
cusation against him came as a shock
to his friends,
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1913-08-09
Ex FARMER GETS 80 DAYS
Mann Hinton Pleads Guilty to Theft
and is Sent to the
Road.

On "Wednesday Constable Wolfe ar
rested Mann Hinton, former Jeffer-
son county, farmer, near the mayors
Office on ii MaFrant sworn out by
Charles Lock !iAsgIhg him with
the theft of.s5 After the arrest Hin
ton was taken before Justice Lloyd
ana entered a plea Of guilty He was
fined S. and costs, and in default OF
payment he was given thirty days on
the county roads.
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1913-08-09
IN MEmoRiAm.

In loving but sad remembrance OF
my dear husband, Isaiah KEGS, who
departed this life june 6, 1913:
Sleep, dear husband, sweet be thy
rest,
Safe from all care, all earthly test
But how my saddehed heart does
swell.
And how i miss you no tongue can
tell
We miss thee from they place,
Thy fond and earnest care.
Our home is dark without thee, hus-
band.
We miss you everywhere.
BY his widow Lucy Kees.
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1913-08-09

New Pennsylvania Law Step Toward
Health Marriages.

A step toward bringing about so call.
ed health marriages IN Pennsylvania
was taken when Governor Tener sign
ed the act requiring all applicants for
marriage licenses to set forth In the
applications that they are not afflicted
with transmiSsiblc diseases.
The new law prohibits the issuance
.of marriage licenses to Eany person
who II All imI,ecile. epilcptic or Of I'M
sound mind n q any person who has
been an inmate Of any county asylum
or home for INDECENT persons unless 1t
appears that the cause has been re-
moved aud that the applicant IL able
20 support q family
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1913-08-09
SMALL FIRE THIS MORNING
Home Of Mrs. c. r. Price, east steph-
ems Street. Has Ere.

At 1880 d. M Wednesday Ryneal
Hose company WAS called to the
home Of Mrs. G II, Price, SEA East
stephen street, but when the boys ar
rived the fire bar been cxlineulshod,
The FIRE was discovered on the sec
ond nocr and the only loss sustained
was few clothes. The building is
owned BY Contractor NJ. H. Compton.