davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1913-10-18

Miss Martha Boyce. a bride of next
Thursday, entertained at a box party
at the Orpheum theatre last evening
followed by a supper at the home OF
her mother, Mrs. w. c.. Boyce. Those
present were Martha Boyce. Mrs. j. q.
Whitney, Mrs. w. c.. Boyce, jeanette
Chandler, Mary Benson. Nina Peterson,
Alice Sargent, Sigrid Lier.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1913-10-18

Mr.. and Mrs. William FL. White,
who have been travelling in Europe
for some time. sailed from rune,
Hungary, on Oct. II. on the liner Sax
onia. They will reach New York
city on Oct. 80. !
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-09-06
CONSOLIDATED EXCHANGE.
London New York

News OF the action OF the Senate
Democratic caucus in agreeing TO the
tax OF one-tenth OF cent pound on
cotton futures eXerted an adverse in
nuence IN tho final dealings on the Con-
solidated Stock Exchange, that
prices moved off from their best. At
the same time practically the whole
list reflected net gains. in numerous in
stances Of substantial proportions The
Improvement In prices started with the
opening OF business at $3.50 o'clock.
when there were advances recorded
compared with Thursdays closing quo
tations. ranging from 4 TO y Of point
IN the leading stocks. Reading and
Amalgamated Copper each showed the
maximum gain OF =. while United
States steel and Union Pacific were
each mp :. When the New York Stock
Exchange opened at 10 o'clock its
initial prices FOR Steel and Union Pacific
agreed TO the exact eighth with the
prior Consolidated figures. while Read
!rE and Amalgamatcd Copper there
opened but = away. on the subsequent
further advance the market was
broad one. the commission houses han
ding gratifying volume OF orders.
Sales totalled 35,0s0 shares. distributed
among forty-nve different issues. There
was also a transaction in $1,000 Distil-
lcrs' Securities IS at 59is Traders on
the floor exhibited "A disposition 10 regard
with more equanimty the now admitted
heavy damage 10 the corn crop. although
there was a good deal OF discussion Of
the probable showing 10 be made by
next Mondays government report. That
the grain markets evinced tendency
10 ease helped the advance In stocks.
The opening call prices proved the low
est IN the cases OF most OF the leading
issues. Readings high for the day was
1908, against 1901. on the New YORK
stock Exchange. Steel did not get
above 636s. against 63A on the other
board: Amalgamated Copper above
712.. against ~. Can above 3iis. against
3p.: Union Pacific above l5lis, against
l5li.. and Southern Pacific above 81,
against 9lis.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-09-06
FOREIGN FINANCIAL FIELD
London Market Fairly Firm
Paris and Berlin Prices Higher.
rRv Cable to The Tribune.


London. Sept 5.-The approaching hoh-
day on the Stock Exchange, together Win
the coming of the settlement per!ou'
caused a restriction in trading, and DUR
ing most of the day the general market
was idle. A good undertone was apparent
however, in the gilt edged SECURITIES
Speculative shares were irregular, put
Continental buying created firmer tone
in foreign bonds.
After a quiet opening American shares
advanced until around noon, when prices
sold off. Wall Street buying caused
rally in the late trading. and the closing
was steady.
Consols closed lie higher, at 70 7-l6 for
money and at 1885 for the account. Cana
dian Pacific was 4 lower. at 226.
Gold premium at Madrid to-day was 3d.
against 665 yesterday; at Lisbon. H.
against IS.
Paris. Sept 5-Firmer prices prevailed
on the Bourse to-day.
Three per cent rentes closed 32i2 GEN.
times higher, at 50 francs 90 cent!mes for
the account.
Exchange on London, % francs 25 CEN
times for checks.
Private discount rate, ga per cent.
Berlin, Sept 5-Sentiment was more
optimistic on the Boerse to-day, and at
the close gains were recorded in most OF
the list.
Exchange on London, 20 marks AZ pfen-
nigs for checks.
Money, per cent.
Private discount rate, 5d54 per cent.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-09-06
so. PACIFIC'S FINANCES
90 Per Cent of Certificates AL
ready Subscribed For.

According to final figures made pubic
Yesterday the subscriptions to the $751;
357.600 Southern Pacific stock trust GER
tificates held by the Central Trust COM
pany as trustee were more successful thah
was indicated by the first returns. kunh'
Loeb e. Co, who as head OF an interna-
tional underwriting syndicate agreed 10
take over all the stock not subscribed, an
nounced that 1,OO5, 400 was subscribed
for through the warrants issued 10 the
Union Pacific shareholders.
According to the earlier announcements
between so and IS per cent Of the South
ern Pacific certificates were subscribed
for. but the later returns show that near
" 90 per cent Of the issue will be con-
verted into stock under the subscription
privilege. leaving only s7,3O7,20O. or about
s per cent for the 500 members OF the
underwriting syndicate. AS these mem
bers in turn have given participation 10
1000 or 1000 small subscribers the unsold
Southern Pacific stock is far from large
At the Stock Exchange it was said that
s242SS,2O0 Of the trust certificates had
already been converted into stock
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-09-06
NEW YORK CURB.

In the curb market yesterday gen
orally stronger tone developed In the open
ing with slightly more animation NhliSe
the Tobacco issues and the STANDARD Oil
subsidiaries continued the principal leat-
ures a number of the low price mlhlhs
shares attracted attention by tnelr ac,
tiyity and frmneSs. BRUSH Amerlcdih
Tobacco moved up over one-hal1, VIII
United Cigar Stores improved over O. i ne
Standard Oil issues were stronger put
comparatively quiet. Buffalo Mines was
strong on the large extra dividend uls-
bursements Gold Hill was active at
fractional improvement. -
Considerable activity developed In tne
Nevada stocks and substantial gains
were recorded for the leaders. Featured
in the trading was North star, when
scored an point upswing TO 'oc ana ana
closed at the top. Good buying or To-
nopah Merger carried this issue from
soc 10 high and final sales at I4c. jim
Butler was in splendid demand ana was
bid from 55c TO sc. with offerings
scarcity. West End and Halifax I'M
proved to 81 "a bid. Midway showed up
ward tendencies. moving from fic 70
$50 Tonopah Extension was bought
al 81 and 90 03is. Sales OF Goldheid
Consolidated were recorded at 81 lo-lo
and 81 The market was buoyant at the
closing
70 N
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-09-06
MONEY AND EXCHANGE.

THE MONEY MARKET.-Calm money
was firm. ruling rate, per cent. Rates:
Opening. per cent; highest, per cent;
closing. ~ per cent Time money was
practically unchanged. Rates: per cent
for sixty days. Az per cent for ninety
DAYS. ; per cent for four months. per
cent for five months, per cent Tor SIX
months Mercantile paper came INTO
the market with sonie freedom. Rates:
"a. rs per cent for sixty 20 ninety days
indorsed bills receivable, > = n s per cent
for choice four 10 six months single
names and 6l2 per cent for others.
FOREIGN EXCHANGE.-Foreign ex-
change closed easy Yesterdays quota
tons. Demand sterling. +S555 n $3.50;
4S2306 iS240; short francs. 5.lsss less
1892; short reichsmarks, IS Ills plus
i-64.
DOMESTIC EXCHANGE. - Boston.
par: Savannah. buying 3-l6c discount,
selling par. san Francesca. sight SC
premium: Geographic, Sc premium
charleston. buying par. selling. lice pre-
MUM: Chicago. exchange before clear
ingS 25c discount. New orleans COM
mercial 75c discount, banks 81 premium,
81 Louis. exchange 2Oc discount O!u'
Zoe discount asked.
SILVER MARKETING silver in
London was steady al p 7-l6d. de-
cline Of I'D.
SUB-TREASURY.-The United states
Sub-Treasurv was creditor al the
Clearing House yesterday TO the extent
of S3ls.056.
BANK CLEARINGS.-New York. ex-
changes s3l9.42sSi9. balances Ns.s3-
52q: Boston exchanges s23,763.22s. bal
ances S1,77S.SS3: Philadelphia, EXCHANGES
soq516T53. balances s2216.2s5; Pitts
burCh. exchanges ss,447.4s4 Chicago,
exchanges s5456S.424 balances s2.osS;;'
S?7: st Louis. exchanges sl2,Ss6iSS'
balances s567,764.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-09-06
STOCK MARKET REVIEW
Prices Range Higher at Close OF
Moderate Days Business.

AS usual, just at the period when
bearish sentiment was obtaining
strong influence over the M rket the
turn in the ide was experienced ana
the professionals drove the shorts to
cover. and this resulted in higher
range of values at the close yesterday
one of the chief arguments in favor OF
an upward trend was the favorable
immersion created by the announce
ment that subscriptions to Southern
Pacifc's certificates on the part u
Union Pacific shareholders exceeded
100000 about % per cent of the
entire offering.
Their, were no evidences of hesitation
around .he opening in the improve
ment that began with the first sales OF
me day. All the leading issues dis
PLAYED fractional gains over Thurs
days closing prices, and while there
was no remarkable volume OF activity
during the day the market remained
firm, and not only did stocks maintain
the gains recorded at the opening, but
they steadily improved during the
early trading. Copper stocks respond
ed to the favorable reports regarding
the metal market and exhibited
strong tendency. Southern Pacific,
Union Pacific and Reading were among
the firm leaders. and United states
Steel common took the lead and was
the most literally dealt in during the
day. American Can, among the lower
priced issues was given some attention
and enjoyed a favorable rise. with
the exception of Pullman, which re-
corded a loss of two points on the day s
business, no other active stock in the
list was more than fractionally OF at
the close.
II was a DAY Of general recoveries,
and sentiment was bullish on both
railroads and industrials.. Considering
the result of the session in point Of VOL
une. the total was not very convlnc-
ing. but in view of incidental influences
contributing to the better feeling there
was good reason to accept the result
as an indication of the preponderance
of the bull forces. One Of the faVora-
BILE factors was a reported gain of cash
from the Sub Treasury by the local
banks, and this gave rise t. the view
that the hardening Of money shown
during the last few days would not
continue.
There was very little in the news Of
the day aside from the Southern Pa
cific announcement and reports from
Washington that had a bearing on
Wall Street affairs. Local interest was
exhibited in the information that Pres
ident Wilson had taken an active hand
in the currency matter and was vigor-
ously opposing tie suggested delay un-
til the regular session before passing
the bill. There was a stronger tone In
the renewal rate for call money, which
rose to per cent, but the outlook APP
peared TO be for an easier disposition
next week. There was no change in
the time money situation so far as
quotations ranged, but offerings and
inquiries were fewer.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-09-06
jamestown, Chautauqua and Lake tm
Railway Company
First Mortgage Four Per Cent Gold Boa@

To the Holders OF Certificates OF Deepen.
OF The New York Trust Company tor w
above mentioned Bonds and 10 the Hoes'
OF said Bonds.
The undersigned acting as a Commi.ess
under the Bondholders' Agreement oa'eS
July IS, 1911. have entered into an ag'ee.
ment providing for the sale OF the properly
OF said Railway Company, a copy ~ 49, W.,
Agreement is fled with The New YORK t'a'.
Company. For a particular statement OF .s s
terms and conditions OF said Asreeneh. ~ va,
holders OF the above Certificates or DePVs..
or Bonds are referred 10 the AgreemehI, :
copy OF which. together with the Comin, ~
tees circular with respect thereto. may ~.
had upon application AZ the Once o. -, 80
New York Trust Company. % Broad sues.
New York. or AZ the Office Of Beitron' urr
com & Co. Agents named In SAID agreen,re,,a..
No. 40 Wall street. New York, or Lana Nv"
Building Philadelphia. "a.
In order TO become entitled 90 the oene.
OF said Agreement holders Of the aoo,.
mentioned Certificates of Deposit or Bon"
must deposit the same under said Asl,.
rent with Bertron. Griscom & CO. as 49,.
Agents at their New York Office on or oelo..
September %. 1913, whereupon said Agsn.
will issue appropriate Certificates OF Dep""
therefor as provided In the Agreement ~.
Certificates OF Deposit issued under ~,
Rondholders' Agreement dated July ~, W.
must IN all instances be properly endoss s,,
and Bonds delivered for deposit must pay. ~
attached thereto Coupons ~ July J, ws
and all subsequent coupons thereunto
longing. ,o,s
Dated. New York. September tth. 1919
RICHARD 5. STORRS.
ST. GEORGE b. TUCksm,..
COMMITTEES
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-09-06
ITEMS OF WALL STREET
London sold about 5000 shares Of stock
in this market yesterday.

in this market yesterday.
lows:
Quincy Mining Company quarterly Of 81.
share. a decrease Of % cents from the las,
declaration.
Standard oil Of Kentucky, quarterly Of Sa
share. payable october !. Three months seo
the company paid an initial dividend OF S.
Bone-S crymser Company, $50 share TIA
same as was declared three months ago.
Buffalo Mines Company, regular quarterly NJ
per cent and an extra 10 per cent. payable
october /: also an extra dividend OF per cent
PAYABLE November IL.
American Beet Sugar Company. regular quar-
tery OF ~ per cent on the preferred stool.
payable October 1 to stock Of record Septem-
Der IL
Shattuck-Arizona Company. regular quar-
terly Of 80 cents. PAYABLE october 20 to stock
OF record September 80.
American Fork and Hoe COMPANY regular
quarterly OF y per cent on the common stock
payable September 10 TO stock OF record Sep
TENDER 10.
cleveland and sandusky Brewing Company.
I per cent on the preferred stock, PAYABLE Sep
TENDER - 10 holders OF record August 30
Sherwin-Willams Company, usual quarterly
OF / 3. per cert on the preferred stock payshs
October TO holders Of record september IS
United Cigar Stores Company Of Illinois
sf55 a share, amounting 10 S604.l90. all ..
which goes into the treasury OF the Unite.
Cigar Stores OF America.
Exports of copper for the week ended
September totalled 5,344 tons. Since Sep
TENDER l 1854 tons OF the metal have
been exported, compared with LIZ tons
for the same period last year.
A loss in cash of $4,000 by the New
York banks is indicated by the reported
movements of currency this week. The
banks received from the interior slls32cO
and shipped 10 that point 50, 90, which
included s2.78i,OoO national bank notes
sent to Washington for redemption.
Rollin p. Grant, president Of the Irving
National Bank. has returned from four
weeks motoring trip through New Eng
land
Henry C. Jenkins and Charles e Ball
have been elected members OF the Con-
soidated Stock Exchange.
Thomas w. Lamont, OF j. P. Morgan &
Co. sailed for New York on Thursday on
the Celtic.
r. 6. IOvett chairman Of the board Of
directors of the Union Pacific Railroad
Company, sailed for New York on
Wednesday on the Kaiser Wilhelm der
Crosse. He is expected TO reach here
about September 9.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-09-06
FINANCIAL MEETINGS.

New York August 9th. 1913.
To the Stockholders Of the James Eyerard' $
Breweries.
Pursuant to the provisions Of Section 2" OF
the General Corporation Law, a meeting OF
tpe Stockholders of the above named Corpora
ton is hereby called and Will be held on Mon
AZ the cfice Of rhe Corporation. No II East
I3srd Street Porough Of Manhattan. New
York City. for the purpose OF electing Directors
MART n. EVERARD. a Stakeholder.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-09-06
GAS AND ELECTRIC COMPANIES
New York.
DIVIDEND NOTICES.
BETHLEHEM STEEL CORPORATE


Notice of Dividend on Preferred Stock.
8 per cent dividend which declared upon
the preferred stock of Bethlehem steel COR
peration on March TO- 1913. will be payable
~ October /, 1913, to stockholders Of record
A O'Clock p NJ on September IS 1913
The fourth instalment OF the dividend Will
be payable on January 2 1914. to stock
holders of record at o'clock p. NJ. on Deem
Der 10, 1913
B. II JONES. Secretary.
Dated. September 2. 1918.
AMERICAN BANK NOTE COMPANY.
dividend Of one and one-half per cent.
on the Preferred stock for the quarter end .
ing September Both. 1918, has been declared
payable October LIST, 1913. 10 stockholders OF
record at the close OF business on Septem-
Der 18th. The stock transfe- books Will not
GEO. II. DANFORTH. Secretary.
New York. Sept. Attn. 1913.
LIGGFTT & MYERS TOBACCO COMPANY
ST. Louis. Mo, Sept. 2. 1913
a dividend OF one and Three-quarter Per
Cent has been declared upon the Preferred
Stock Of Liggett & Myers Tobacco Company.
payable October LIST, 1913. TO stockholders Of
record at the close OF business September 18th,
1913 Checks will be mailed.
r. r. ANDERSON. Treasurer
IGGETT e MYERS TOBACCO COMPANY.
St Louis. Mo. September .. 1913
The Transfer Books OF the registered per
cent bonds of Liggett Myers Tobacco Com
pany will close at 8 O'Clock p. m, September
18th 1913. for payment Of interest said
bonds due October lst, 1913 and will reopen
al 10 o'clock m. October 2. 1913.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-09-06
NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE QUOTATIONS

for the o|5o sh co"Pde WV"
shar fort day n 1912.
September s. inclusive loo hareS '0
shares for period in 1912
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-09-06
NEVADA Quotations.
TONOPAffS

FURNISHED daily by Weir Bros & Co. No. y
Broad street. New York;
September 5. 1913
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-09-06
I1orida East Coast Railway COMPANY.

New 1Ofht sept - 1910
The Board OF Directors has declared out
OF the earnings for the fiscal year ending
June 10th 1913 interest at the rate Of z%o,
payable Nov. LIST, next, on $50, 900 600. Of the
General Mortgage Income 5fo NIFTY year GOLD
Bonds, dated July LIST, 1903
q SAITER Secretary
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-09-06
BRooKLYN RAPID TRANSIT co.

New 1Ork, August ZJth, 1913.
The Board Of Directors has this day declared
a quarterly dividend Of one and one-half per
centum Il 40 on the outstanding capital stock
OF this Company, payable on Wednesday, Octo-
her list 1913 70 stockholders Of record at the
close Of business on Tuesday. September 9Th,
1912 j Il BENNINGTON. Secretary.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-09-06

Quotations furnished by L. l.. Wnkelman q
Co, No ~ Broad street)
ALL |
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-09-06
INDUST RAILS.

Furnished by Harry f. Thompson & Co.. No.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-09-06
FOREIGN GOVERNMENT AND MU.
NICIPAL BONDS.

Furnished by Zimmerman & Forshay. No. Q
wall
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-09-06
NEW YORK CITY BONDS.

FURNISHED by w. ~ Coler a. Co. No. 43 Cedar
street,
Accrued interest to be added)
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-09-06

Exports of copper for the week ended
September totalled 5,344 tons. Since Sep.
tember l 1854 tons OF the metal have
been exported, compared with LIZ tons
for the same period last year.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-09-06

Coupons interchangeable. tRegistered. tCou-
pons. sRegistcred and coupon.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-09-06
81 ANn sIrRErY coMpANIEa
TOBACCO STOCKS.

sNew stock.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-09-06

Thomas w. Lamont, OF j. P. Morgan &
Co. sailed for New York on Thursday on
the Celtic.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-09-06

r. s. Iovett, chairman Of the board Of
directors Of the Union Pacific Railroad
Company sailed for New York on
Wednesday on the Kaiser Wilhelm der
Crosse. He is expected TO reach here
about September 9.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1913-01-07
CANvASSES STATUS
OF U. S. CONGRESS

Trenton, n. J., Jan. 7.-President-
elect Wilson canvassed further the
possibility of increasing the narrow
majority of democrats in the United
States senate at the next session. He
discussed with United States Senator
johnson and Representative McGuI-
licudy of Maine. the details of the
senatorial situation in that staGe
where the progressives admittedly
held the balance of power in the leg
islature. The president is hope
full that Senator Gardner yet may be
reelected.
Representative A. Mitchell Palmer
of Pennsylvania, and Representative
Albert S. Burleson of Texas, both
democratic national committeeman
from their respective states and
prominently Identified with the will
son campaign. conferred with the
president-elect for an hour. AT the
conclusion neither would say a word
about the visit, but Governor Wilson
made it clear he had not talked of
the cabinet with them, but had dis
cussed general legislation for the ex-
ira session.
1--WE talked chiefly of the tariff
bills and their readiness" said the
governor.
Judge VIM. Hammond of Atlanta,
Georgia. before whom Woodrow Will
son, as a young attorney argued his
cases, called on the president-elect
to urge support of the bill pending
in congress to appropriate $250,000
for the celebration in Philadelphia of
the fifteth anniversary of the sign
ing of the emancipation proclamation.
The governor said he approved the
subjects of the bill and hoped 1t
would be passed.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1913-01-07
OLD OUTRAGEs RECALLED.
''Tipperary Squibs" Used In Quarrel
Bring Memories of MoOnlighters.

Dublin.-"Take notice that re.
quire, you on. behalf of the right
owner, to give up the farm at Cur
raghaTalla that you grabbed. If not.
mark the consequences. II have to
call again the buttons of your coat
won't be got for the inquest.-Captain
Moonlight"
This alarming notice, affixed to the
village pump in Curraghavalla, near
Nanagh, formed the anti-climax to a
quarrel in which Hugh Hogan and
John Whelan were implicated and
John DOheny was the sufferer. Do
heny was awakened one night by a
tremendous explosion near his house,
the internal machine" used being
part Of the axle-box of q cartwheel
blts of wheel iron corresponding to
the fragments of the bomb were found
on the farm where Hogan worked as
/ a laborer.
When the case came before the
Munster Assizes the crown prosecuted
on the conspiracy indictment. The
accused was charged with having
maliciously used explosives likely to
endanger life and property with con-
spiracy to injure, and with posting
threatening letters" 1t was stated
in the course of the evidence that
such bombs as were used were known
as "Tipperary squibs." The Judge,
however, Indignantly rebutred that
indictment against the county, re-
marking that that kind of thing was
not naturalized In Tiperary The ac-
cused laborers, however, who seem to
possess some useful recollections of
the old "Moonlighter" outrage, were
put back for sentence.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1913-01-07
Civil Cases Set FOR Trial.

Circuit Judge G. w. Phelps today
set seven civil cases for trial during
the January term of court, as follows:
C. c. Hendricks VS.. Frank Nudo. Jan.
IL; George Darveau VS.. Frank Du-
pratt, Jan. IA; Albert NJ. Williams VS..
George Coppinger. Jan. 15; Pacific
Coast Elevator Co. VS.. T. d. Taylor,
sheriff, Jan. 16; T. F. Kendall VS.
First National Bank of Milton, Jan.
II; Thomas Schelal VS.. John F. Tenn
pie jr., Jan. 20; Katherine L. Carson
VS.. O.-W. r. & n. Co. Jan. 90. The
grand jury will probably make its
first report tomorrow after which the
criminal cases will be set for trial.