davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
University Missourian. [volume] (Columbia, Mo.) 1908-1916, 1913-04-07
COLUMBIA IN THE SUMNER,

Students who take the regular win.
ter course in the University are prone
to belittle the summer school. Chief
ly because they do not know much
about it, they think it is an unimpor-
tant division, attended only by old
maids and bald-headed superintend-
ents from country districts. One fire.
quently hears the remark, This town
must be awfully dead when we leave"
This summer, nearly a thousand
persons are expected to enroll in the
summer session. Many of them will
be actively engaged III teaching; 9TH
ers will not. The teachers will be
those who are alive to their possibili-
ties for advancement; while the 9TH
ers will also be persons who have dis
covered the peculiar advantages the
summer session holds for them.
In the curriculum this summer will
be courses in engineering, journalism,
house planning, observation teaching
and preventive medicine; a psyche
logical clinic, teaching conferences
and practical aid, not only for rural
school teachers, but for county su-
perintendents and county ministers.
The student who anticipates heavy
course next year will do better wor..
and get better grades if he will lake
part in the studies in the summer
session. The average student, by
staying in Columbia in the summer,
may so tighten his next years course
as to leave time for outside WORK
Few juniors anticipate difficulty in OBJ
tanning their degrees; yet if a junior,
possibly through no fault Of his own,
has fallen behind in his work, it would
be worth his while to consider if it
might not be better to make sure of
few hours this summer than to be
compelled TO stay here a year later,
after his class has been graduated.
After all, studying is about the only
occupation at which one works Just
nine months in the year.
University Missourian. [volume] (Columbia, Mo.) 1908-1916, 1913-04-07
WHAT A COOPERATIVE
CREAMERY DEMANDS
Product of at Least 400 Co,.
Needed to Make Plant /
Successful.
CONSIDER THE ROAn6

A cooperative creamery NAV h ~,
most efhcient means of disposins J
the product of a dairy commup,,H
The cream from at least 400 orr
nary COWS is needed to keen A..
creamery in profitable operatia.
Where the community does not af,..s
that number of cows, the farmers n,
risking loss by putting up and eou,.
ping a creamery. If the stockhold.,.
do not own the required number =,
COWS they may be able to contract IN
the product of the COWS of nou-sto.,
holders. Fifteen to twenty-five stoc..
holders are ordinarily found in uevh
organized companies.
Having made sure of their SUNNY A
raw material, those interested admit
of association and elect off,
GERS. The stockholders may pay =
their shares in cash or give notes n
them. Incorporation increases II
of the company. Roads All
central location should be considers
in selecting a building site.
Experienced men advise againa
having the building erected and plan
equipped by contract. A Montana esn
mate for building cost is $1,000; fa
$4,000. This is for I
creamery of 500 to 100 COW capacity,
The same plant probably would cot
less in the Middle West.
University Missourian. [volume] (Columbia, Mo.) 1908-1916, 1913-04-07
WHY NOT 4 MANURE SPREADER?
Machine Has Obvious Advantages Over
the Old Method.

Scarcely any live stock and grain
farm of $50 acres or up can afford to
be without a manure spreader.
The manure spreader operated by
one man will handle almost as much
manure in the same length of time
as will two men with a wagon. Then
there is the saving of one mans time,
worth $1.5O day, for every day the
manure spreader is used This alone
will make the machine a paying invest
ment. However, the time element is
not the most important factor.
A man in distributing manure from
a wagon will cover only a small
amount of ground with each wagon
load. Also the land that is covered
with manure will have too much ap-
piled to the acre to get maximum re-
turns as compared with the returns
derived from the same amount of ma
nure scattered over a larger area. In
many cases the manure so applied will
fall upon the soil in large Jumps in
stead of being applied evenly.
These disadvantages may be over
come by the use of manure spreader.
A large area may be evenly covered.
This enables all of the fertility in the
manure to be used by the plants.
University Missourian. [volume] (Columbia, Mo.) 1908-1916, 1913-04-07
TO INCREASE EGG PRODUCTION
Law Of Heredity Should Be Observed
i'm Selecting COekerels.

Perhaps you have noticed that as a
rule the son will resemble the mother.
and the daughter the father. This
same law applies to animals and espe-
cially to chickens.
Experiments at the Maine Agricul-
tural Experiment Station have shown
that the power to transmit the char
acter of high egg production will be
inherited by the males instead of the
females, as one would naturally sup
pose. In fact, this station found that
the pullets coming from high egg pro-
ducing hens laid fewer eggs than their
mothers did. So, if you desire to in
crease the egg production of your flock,
be sure that the cockerels come from
high producing hens.
University Missourian. [volume] (Columbia, Mo.) 1908-1916, 1913-04-07
THE BEST WAY TO KILL RATS
Barium Carbonate Is Recommended a
Cheap and Effective.

The poison for killing rats recon-
mended by the United States Bureau
of Biological Surve. as the cheapest
and most effective is barium carbon
ate. This mineral, besides having the
advantages of being tasteless and
odorless, is harmless to domestic ami
mails in the small doses given to rats.
Its slow action will usually allow the
rats to leave the premises insearch
of water, thereby freeing the inside
of the house from the odor of dead
rats. The prepared bait, which should
be placed in the rat runs, may consist
of a small piece of fish or buttered
bread, sprinkled with one part of the
barium carbonate to four of the bait.
University Missourian. [volume] (Columbia, Mo.) 1908-1916, 1913-04-07
TO BETTER THE CROP
OF MISSOURI OATS
Treatment for Smut, Choice
of Good Varieties and
Drilling Important.
USED IN ROTATIONS

Missouri raises poor crop of oats
because the climate is too warm, and
farmers are SO rushed with spring
work that oats are carelessly sown.
Begin the improvement of the crop
by getting good seed and use the for
malin treatment for smut The pro-
cess usually costs less than a dollar
and may save five dollars on each
acre. Mix one pint of formalin with
forty gallons of water and sprinkle
the oats till they are wet enough to
pack in the hand; cover the pile and
after a few hours spread it out to
dry.
Rust is an enemy that does damage
in wet seasons. Early varieties are
attacked less than late ones. Texas
Red Rust Proof is the only variety
that does not rust. 1t gives good
yields and does not run out
o'hNi Soou
are Siberian, Wide Awake, Silverine
and Great Dakota among the white
oats; jeanette, Martinsburg, Nichols
Black Comet and Victor among the
black oats; and Kherson, yellow va
riety.
Drilling gives the ground an extra
cultivation and gives better yields
than broadcasting. The day of the
end-gate seeder is past. Ten pecks to
the acre is the best rate of seeding,
but drill a bushel less if clover is
sown with the oats.
The use of oats as a cash crop
should be discouraged. On the mar
ket they bring less per acre than other
crops, but nearly every Missouri
farmer needs oats in his rotation and
as feed for horses and young stock.
Decrease the acreage and increase the
yield of oats for home consumption.
University Missourian. [volume] (Columbia, Mo.) 1908-1916, 1913-04-07
THINNING OF FRUIT TREES
Practice Helps in Growing Of Fanc
Product.

Thinning fruit is a desirable col
mercial practice in seasons of gr3
abundance. 1t should follow thorouf
cultivation, manuring and spraying
To some extent. pruning is a metz
of thinning, but it will not take q
place of hand-thinning entirely. n
production of a larger amount of fanq
and first-class fruit is not the odI
benefit derived from thinning. It =
courages more regular bearing, L.
sens the loss from the breaking 4
limbs, and gives the grower an oppo.
tunity to destroy insect-infested fruit
and thus check the spread of insecu
early in the season. The tree tha
has been properly thinned should prs-
duce a good crop of fruit buds cad
year.
University Missourian. [volume] (Columbia, Mo.) 1908-1916, 1913-04-07
YEAR OF TINGLING NERVES.

A little less than a year ago the
Titanic slipped upon an icy dagger
in the middle of the Atlantic ocean,
filled with water and sank with its
1900 passengers.
In the twelve months that have fol-
lowed a succession of startling hap
penings have kept the nerve of the
world a-tingle. Revolutions, peaceful
and bloody, have made political history
with alarming rapidity and taxed the
resourcefulness of diplomats.
There was political oyerturning
in our own country. The Democratic
party, the Senate, the House of Rep
resentatives and many state govern
ments. But this change came about
peacefully and scarcely interfered
with business.
htAlto, -Nitdl dSui diu Otutl Stu-
trail and South American countries
have sizzled with political excitement
and the Balkan war has threatened
the peace of Europe.
Other happenings OF varying impor
tance have been given to the world
daily in the newspapers. Scientific
discoveries, the Chinese revolution,
Captain Amundsen's finding of the
South Pole, the trouble in Tripoli. the
coming of new Diaz for Mexico, the
murder of the three Maderos, the con-
gressional inquiries, the tragic death
of Captain Scott, the progress of the
Panama Canal, the assassination of
King George of Greece, cyclones in Ne
braska and destructive floods in In
diana and Ohio-of such as these has
the history of this year been made.
University Missourian. [volume] (Columbia, Mo.) 1908-1916, 1913-04-07
PLANS A RAT.PROOF CRIB
How q st. Clair Man Will Keep RO
dents From His Corn.

The corn crib rat has nothing to dc
but eat and wax fat. The crib is ar
ideal habitation. A bountiful food sup
ply is furnished by the corn, and its
silks make a good bed.
Various devices are used in keep
ing rats out of cribs. Where the crib
is several inches from the ground
tin may be tackled around the pillars,
or the pillars may be made Of con-
crete, to prevent the rodents from
climbing. Concrete pillars, however,
must be smooth to keep them Ou,, 4,
besides, the crib must be 21s or feet
from the ground to keep them from
jumping to it.
w. E. May of ST. Clair, Mo-, has
planned a rat-proof crib. After lay
ing the jOists and putting up the stud
ding he will cover the frame with
wire netting, having a 1a-inch mesh.
The weather boarding and floor will
be laid over the WIRE This will pre-
vent rats from gnawing through the
wood into the corn
Mr.. May will use old wire which
was formerly used for a chicken fence
The cost, even though he used new
wire, would soon be repaid in corn
saved, for rats not only eat a great
deal of corn but waste more than they
eat. Besides, horses and mules often
refuse to eat corn from a rat-infested
bin.
University Missourian. [volume] (Columbia, Mo.) 1908-1916, 1913-04-07
FILIPINOS WANT BULLETINS
Secretary Of Agriculture Is Asked fol
His Annual Report.

1. c. Wilson, secretary of the State
Board OF Agriculture, has just received
five requests from native students in
the Philippine Islands for the forty.
fourth annual report of the State
Board of Agriculture. Four of the re-
quests are from the same school at
Moroy. Rial, P. l., and they are in
almost the same language, showing
that the students were evidently under
instructions from teachers to order
reports.
University Missourian. [volume] (Columbia, Mo.) 1908-1916, 1913-04-07
Soil Survey Interests Farmers,

Interest in the investigations of n
Missouri College of Agriculture is b
creasing amofg farmers. An exampl
of this is reported by a member Of II
soil survey. The results of the 80
survey covering a certain South M
souri, county had Just been publishd
Passing through the county soG
afterward, the soil expert was delis1l|
ed to find copy of the survey rep
in nearly every country home.
identity becoming known, he ~
waited upon at his hotel by a cros
of farmers and called upon f0 :
speech.
University Missourian. [volume] (Columbia, Mo.) 1908-1916, 1913-04-07
THE MOTOR on A HAND TRUCK
Gasoline Engine Can BE Made Useful
in Many Ways.

Every farm needs a gasoline engine.
II should be mounted on a hand truck.
Place the various machines around
the buildings from a standpoint of
convenience and take the motor to the
work.
1t is never possible to group all
machines so they can be satisfactorily
operated by one stationary engine.
University Missourian. [volume] (Columbia, Mo.) 1908-1916, 1913-04-07
Insects AlMays on the Joh.

Insects and fungi do not wait for
the tardy fruit grower. While he is
hunting up pumps, nozzles, hose and
poisons they keep right on at work.
Everything should be ready in ample
season, so that when the right time
comes the work can be done at once.
University Missourian. [volume] (Columbia, Mo.) 1908-1916, 1913-04-07
Lime as q Disinfectant.

Lime is second only to sunshine as
a hOg-cholera disinfectant. Lime
should be scattered over cholera in
fected ground after the rubbish has
been cleaned up. Ordinary air-slaked
lime is used. Three per cent car
bolic acid solution is of little use in
controlling the cholera germ.
University Missourian. [volume] (Columbia, Mo.) 1908-1916, 1913-04-07
On the Use OF Fertilizers.

Do not use commercial fertilizers
unless you know what your soil needs
and what you get when buying them.
Their continual use vn the same soil
is injurious unless the crops are ro-
tated. A rotation of corn, oats, wheat
and clover allows each field to be
fertilized every other year.
University Missourian. [volume] (Columbia, Mo.) 1908-1916, 1913-04-07
A SIMPLE TEST FOR SEED
terminating Quality Of Corn Can Eas.
lily BE Determined.

To test seed corn get box Sc inches
square and inches deep. fill it half
full of sand and line it off with strings
into 2-inch squares. Then number the
rows alphabetically on one side and
numerically on the other, and the
ears accordingly-A1, AZ, Az, etc. Ex-
tract five grains and plant in the cor
responding squares. Saturate the
sand with warm water, cover with a
blanket and set behind the stove to
germinate.
University Missourian. [volume] (Columbia, Mo.) 1908-1916, 1913-04-07
Good Points Of the Ingram.

Missouri fruit-growers are rapidly
learning the value of the Ingram as
commercial apple 1t is a late
bloomer and hence escapes a number
of the late spring frosts. 1t endures
the cold winters, and in summer stands
the blistering heat we'll.
University Missourian. [volume] (Columbia, Mo.) 1908-1916, 1913-04-07
A Hint as to Feeding the Horse.

After hard work, the grain fed
horses should be reduced one-half on
idle days, until four days have elapsed,
or until they are again put to work.
After this the grain may again be in
creased to the usual amount. This
will prevent attacks of indigestion.
University Missourian. [volume] (Columbia, Mo.) 1908-1916, 1913-04-07
Cleaning the Separator.

One of the unpleasant features of
separating milk is cleaning the separ-
ator. This is more easily done if cold
water is used for the first and hot
water for the last washing. The hot
water heats the apparatus so that it
dries quickly.
University Missourian. [volume] (Columbia, Mo.) 1908-1916, 1913-04-07
To Purify Muddy Water.

The best, cheapest and quickest
method to settle and purify muddy
water into a clear, drinkable liquid is
by the addition Of iron chloride. Use
one pound to every 1000 gallons of
water.
University Missourian. [volume] (Columbia, Mo.) 1908-1916, 1913-04-07
ONE WAY TO SOLVE
THE WATER PROBLEM
Hydraulic Ram Can Be In
stalled and Operated at
Little Cost.
UTILIZE THE CREEK

The small creek running through
the farm or the spring down in the
blue grass pasture may be used to
solve the problem of water supply in
the country home. Most farmers,
when confronted with the expense
and trouble of installing a pneumatic
water supply or a water tower, turn
away in dismay. They may realize
the value of the supply, but don't
wish to be troubled with the care of
installation and operation of the sys-
tenn. The use of the hydraulic ram
will overcome some of the objections.
The hydraulic ram is a water motor
which derives it's pumping power
from flowing water falling through a
pipe from highep>fo a lower level.
The mechanism is simple and there
are few parts which will get out of
order. After it is installed there is
little or no expense to it. There are
only two valves in it TO wear out and
they seldom need to be replaced.
Requirements Of the Ram.
The least amount of water that will
keep the ram going is about one-half
gallon per minute. The height to
which the water will be elevated de-
pends on the amount of fall to the
ram. If moderate elevation, say
from 80 to 40 feet, is desired, a fall
of 3 to feet will be sufficient.
The water delivered by the ram
can be used to fill storage tank in
the attic or it can be connected di-
rectly to the pneumatic tank. There
are some companies who will guaran-
tee their rams to operate successfully
a pneumatic tank. A positive air-feed
device which provides for the entrance
of small amount of air with each
pulsation is attached. A spring with
a moderate supply of water will OBJ
crate this ram all right. l
The ram also may be used to pump
water for stock tanks, water troughs, |
for irrigating gardens and sprinkling
lawns. For these purposes a larger /
ram and a larger supply of water are
needed. a ram in a small creek is
better suited for these purposes.
Putting the Greek to Work.
There is also a double-acting ram
which makes use of turbid water to
pump fresh spring water In this
Ease one uses the water from a small
,reek that has a good flow to secure
he power to pump spring water. By
his system the entire supply of spring
water may be pumped into the stor-
'ge tank, while if the single-acting
am were used in connection with the
pring, considerable part of that
upply would be wasted.
There is no doubt that a large
mount of time and labor could be
aved each year, on many farms at
east, if the farmer knew the economic
alue of the hydraulic ram. The cost
# the power is zero, and the upkeep
nd repairs amount to practically
othing. Little care and attention is 4
equired and the ram operates con-
throughout the year.
Any further information desired on
his subject may be obtained from the {
ulletin on the Hydraulic Ram issued |
y the State Board of Agriculture
University Missourian. [volume] (Columbia, Mo.) 1908-1916, 1913-04-07
LONG.BODIED HENS THE BEST
Choose the Right Sort to Get Eggs for
Hatching Purposes.

Poultry raisers should pick out the
best birds in their flock to get eggs
for Matching purposes. They should
select birds that have deep, long bod
les; the legs should be well set apart
and the head short and thick. Birds
with long heads and beaks are of
poor quality. The pen should be
headed with strong vigorous male
bird.
Careful selection of the breeding
stock will increase the profit from
the sale of young birds next fall.
University Missourian. [volume] (Columbia, Mo.) 1908-1916, 1913-04-07
Alfalfa in the Corn Belt.

Every corn-belt farmer should have
at least ten acres of alfalfa, says a
senior student. 1t is a heavy yielder
OF nay which commands the highest
market price. For hog pasture it has
no equal. 1t will pasture ten to
twenty-five head per acre for eight
months out of the year.
University Missourian. [volume] (Columbia, Mo.) 1908-1916, 1913-04-07
Give the Pigs Exercise.

Well-fed young pigs often become
excessively fat, and may die unless
abundant exercise is provided. If ex-
ercise cannot be given, reduce the
feed supply, though this checks
growth. In the absence of natural
exercise, turn the pigs out two or three
times day and drive them about the
yard.
University Missourian. [volume] (Columbia, Mo.) 1908-1916, 1913-04-07
Weed Out the Backward Cows.

The milk producer can increase his
profits by wedding the Improbable
COWS out of his herd. He can have
the cows milk tested at the local
creamery, or buy a small Babcock
tester and do the work himself.
University Missourian. [volume] (Columbia, Mo.) 1908-1916, 1913-04-07
Feed the Growing Pigs.

Growing pigs need good supply of
protein in their food. A straight corn
ration does not give them enough, so
some protein concentrate as tankage
should be added. 1t can be fed dry
or mixed with middlings and fed in
the slop.
University Missourian. [volume] (Columbia, Mo.) 1908-1916, 1913-04-07
VI. L. Man TO Teach In Normal School.

NJ A. O'Rear. superintendent of the
Boonville schools, has been elected to
a position in the faculty of the State
Normal School 1T Springfield and will
take up his new work in May. Mr..
O'Rear received the degree Of B. S. in
Education from the University of Mis-
souri, in 1906 and an A. B. degree in
1907.
University Missourian. [volume] (Columbia, Mo.) 1908-1916, 1913-04-07
The "Why" Of an Inventory.

is your farm paying? An inventory
taken this spring and another the fol-
lowing spring will show what interest
you are making on your investment.
University Missourian. [volume] (Columbia, Mo.) 1908-1916, 1913-04-07
II. +. Major Addressed Civic League

II. F. Major, superintendent of
University grounds, spoke on I'm
provements of Home Grounds" at 4
O'Clock this afternoon in the Horti-
cultural Building. His talk was a part
of Hygiene Week program of the Wo-
mems Civic League.
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1913-10-22
NEW ZION.

The farmers of this section have
taken Advantage OF the favorable
weather conditions to get their cotton
and hay harvested.
MIR. w. E. Lavender spent last Sun
day with his three daughters at Scran-
ton. Mrs. Sojourner of Turoevllle,
spent Saturday with Mr.. and Mrs. }. A.
Gerdn ner.
Messrs. w. NJ. Fleming aod Tai
mage Gibbon entertained few friends
Thursday evening. and everybody en-
joyed the occasion.
The patrons of New Zion school dis
trict will soon erect new building at
Doggett's Cross Roads which will be
modern and credit to the enterpris-
ing spirlL Of the people of this section.
Judge Fleming entertained about
forty of his friends Friday evening
with barbecue, which certainly Was
moved, his guests left him filled with
joy
We are very fond OF Mr.. A. J. Rig
by who is engaged in business here, he
is gaining friends every day. He spent
last Sunday visiting his mother IN
Manning
Mr.. W. D. Fleming and his mother
SD mt the week end visiting relatives
IN: friends In Fl"rrnce.
MIR. Henry Garland Of Sardinia visit.
ed New Zion Friday afternoon.
Prof. G. W. Green of Turbeville,
together with Mr.. Dave Turbeville the
popular cashier of the Turberllle bank
were among the visitors the past week
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1913-10-22
Miss Harvin Entertains.

One of the most charming affairs oi
the season was the linen shower given
by Miss Bess Harvin at her home, TO
an attractive bride-to-be, Miss Leila
Burgess. on Monday afternoon.
The ":ts were met at the door by
Meso =. W. Odiorne. G. 4. aar-
vim all n. Sprott, and after being
presented TO Miss Burgess: they were
ther shown into the parlor; after pleas
ant conversation delightful sweet
course was served by Misses Minnie
Sue Sauls aud Aileen Rigby.
A lovely bower OF linen was arranged
in one corner of the parlor. The pros.
pec,ive bride was bliodfolded and led
into tho bower by Mrs. W. Scott aar-
vim, a bride OF few days. Little Kate
and Richard Odiorne had drawn the
curtains back, displaying the gifts.
Great was her surprise and pleasure al
the numher and variety Of rhe lovely
presents OF her friends. \ host OF
friends enjoyed this occasion.