davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington herald. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1939, 1913-06-29
By r.. w. BENTON.

In these strenuous days of the twen-
tieth century, when there comes from
every side the heart-rending wall of the
poor and the protests of the fairly we'll
blessed against the burdensome high cost
of living, many a man with reasonably
generous salary-perhaps as high as $3.50
a year-has worried over eking out an
existence for himself, his wife, and a
baby or two.
And after revolving the important prob
lem in his mind day after day. worrying,
fretting, and becoming disheartened, II
is not at all astonishing that he has often
reached the conclusion that II cannot
possibly be done. But there has arisen
shining exception TO prove that this worry
and this pessimism is wholly uncalled for.
and that a man with a wife and as many
as eleven children can exist, and exist
comfortably. on the astonishingly low
salary of SIS a month
This parsonage is none other than
Richard T. Underwood. of 1923 Street
Northeast, an expert in the employ Of
the Postofice Department, who, because
of Ms services. and in view of his pos
session of sufficient booklearning to pass
the usual examination, was some time
ago placed on the classified civil service
list by special act of President Taft.
Warrior for Success.
Mr. Underwood is the proud father of
eleven charming children, and. although
his salary has been small and his buffet
fngs about in the world have been many
and grievous, he has always managed
to live comfortably. although not ele-
gantly, and to keep happiness ever pres
The Washington herald. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1939, 1913-06-29
Domestic Happiness on $55 Per Month
Grin at Hard Luck and Love Your Wife

be merely a passing stepping stone to
the desired government position.
Meets More Revcrscs.
But fate was again cruel. II seemed
that vacancies were very slow in oe
curing. and when they did, Mr.. Under.
woods name was in some manner al.
ways skipped over In making appoint
ments. These difficulties continued for
so long, that he soon lost all hope Of
obtaining the bookbinder's position, and
determined to work for advancement in
the Office where he was employed. So
useful did he prove as laborer that
In February, 1905, he was promoted to
the position OF assistant messenger at a
salary of $50 a month.
Ever seeking advancement. he took the
civil service promotion examination on
three different occasions. but because Of
his lack Of education. he failed each
time by two or three points. And all
this time he was struggling to live on
his meager salary and provide an ex-
istence for his wife and children When
he came to Washington he had sever
children, and soon after his arrival an
eighth one was born.
Mr.. Underwood showed a remarkable
aptitude for figures. and while holding
The Washington herald. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1939, 1913-06-29
Spectncles.

Spectacles were invented Just 600 years
ago. The age of glass to aid the sight
of defective eyes is, however, much
older. Nero looked through concave
glass in watching the giadiatorial games
and many other historical men of his
day were dependent upon similar de-
vices for lengthening their sight
Till the latter part OF the thirteenth
century only the single glass was in
use. In the fourteenth century spec
tacles were used quite frequently BY
the very wealthy and high born. al
though they were still SO scarce that
they were beaueathed in wills with all
the elaborate care that marked the dis
position Of feudal estate. The first
spectacles were made in Italy.
Somewhat later the manufacture of
cheaper glasses sprang up in Holland
and 1t spread late in the fourteenth
century to Germany. Nuremberg and
Rathenow acquired fame for their
glasses between 1890 and 800.
For many years glasses were used
only as a means of aiding bad eyes.
until the fashion of wearing them
sprang up in Spain. II spread rapidly
about the Continent and brought about
the transformation OF the old thirteenth
century spectacles INTO eyeglasses, and
eventually into the monocle.
The Washington herald. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1939, 1913-06-29

ent in the household. The story of his
life Is one of hardships and battles. but
it is not with SORROW tina, SIR. Underwood
looks upon his past. for the thorny paths
seem beautiful now that he has risen up
the steps of success and can rest in peace
enjoying the reward Of his lahors and
unyielding efforts.
Mr.. Underwood is a-native of the Dis
trict. He was born here in 1855 At the
age of three years he went with his par
ents to Philadelphia, and II was there
that he spent his youth and received
a meager education. At the age of six
teen years he commenced his appren-
ticeship at the bookbinders' trade, at
which he worked for more than thirty
years.
In 1898 he was married in Philadelphia,
and several months later came to WASH
ington to accept a position as bookbinder
at the Government Printing Office. For
two years he worked at the printery,
but at the end OF that time there was
a change of administration, and he was
dismissed from the service-one Of the
first OF the troubles to disturb the hap
piness and tranquility OF his blissful
married life. He returned to Phila-
delphia and again entered the bookbind-
The Washington herald. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1939, 1913-06-29
RAILROADS ADVOCATING
TRESPASSING MEASURE
Accidents Are Traced Largely to Per-
sons Walking on Private Prop
erty Of Lines.

On the doctrine of averages. fourteen
people will be killed by American rail-
roads today. An average Of fourteen
people. trespassers on railroad property
in violation Of the law. are killed in this
country every day. OF all the 1o.44s people
killed on American railway property in
1872, 5,A9-more than half-were trespass-
ers.
But IT is a mistaken idea that all tres
passers are tramps; so. to find out really
the class OF people who trespass on rail-
road property in violation of the law. and
In the face of probable death, the Penn
sylvania Railroad conducted an exhaust
i've investigation of every case where a
trespasser was killed or injured last year.
The records show that only about one
half Of the 267 trespassers killed and the
276 injured on the lines east of Pittsburg
were classed as unidentified" mostly
tramps The others were useful citizens.
All trespassers' deaths which occur on
the Pennsylvania Railroad are classified
in the Interstate Commerce Commission
reports as killed in railway accidents. ="
Railroads are advocating that laws
be enacted providing substantial punish
ment for persons trespassing on the pri-
waite right-of-way of any railroad: The
renewed and diligent efforts the Pennsyl-
vania Railroad is making to stop tres
passing will be measurably influential. the
management believes. in arousing the
public to realization that in accidents
to trespassers IL Is tie individual who
loses his life. than which there can be
no greater sacrifice. Society loses the
individual
The loss to the nation in the money
value of human lives sacrificed in tres
passing is most serious. II is a constant
and continuing drain-one which the rail-
road. unsupported by active public senti.
ment, is poweriess to stop.
The Washington herald. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1939, 1913-06-29
COLLEGES ARE CAUSING
WASTE, SAYS BABCOCK
Yearbook Of cennissioner q Eluea-
tien Contains conneatary On
Present Systen.
TRY TO PREVENT IMPLICATIONS

That there are too many colleges In
the United States with Inadequate equip
ment and support. attempting to give
full courses for the bachelors degree;
that much duplication Of work Ii going
on. and that there could be q profitable
merging of existing institutions to the
resultant benefit of the Institutions and
the community are differences that may
be clearly drawn from the report Of DR..
X. c. Babcock. In the yearbook of the
Commissioner Of Education. just Issued.
The problem is particularly acute at
this time in the case Of State-supported
institutions. Many of the States have
their work Of higher education central
lied In the State university or agricul-
tural college; but in nine States there
are three or more State-supported and
State-controlled institutions. II IL In
these States. particularly. that conditions
are often found under which '.the distrt-
button and subdivision Of what should
be unified function Of the States as
whole has led inevitably to waste, dupli-
cation. undesirable competition for ap-
preparations. and campaigning for stu
dents in order to get more appropria
tons"
The report comedies that in some States
circumstances demand that the institu-
tons be distributed in accordance with
special needs. Thus there Is an obvious
advantage in the location of the Micht-
gan College of Mines and the Missouri
School OF Mines in the mining districts
Of those States. Furthermore. DR.. Bah
cock frankly states that the waste due
to duplication Of faculty. equipment. and
buildings Is frequently overestimated.
There Is no loss of economy or Of EN-
ciency." he says. ''in carrying on In
different places the work of the firsc
year-or the first two years, Of a liberal
arts course or of a course preliminary to
chronological work. provided the faculty
and equipment of these two years are
fully utilized.
1T Is when specialized and technology
cal work is begun in the second or third
year Of the usual course. when the serv-
ices of high-salaried men and enormously
expensive equipment are required. that
the waste and efficiency Of plant inevtte-
bly, appear"
Considerable effort has recently been
put forth to prevent needless duplication.
both in the case of public and private
institutions, but so far little actual con-
solidation on the part Of State institu-
tons has taken place.
The Washington herald. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1939, 1913-06-29
SEALS OF UNITED STATES,
From the Cleveland Plain Dealer.

From the Cleveland Plain Dealer.
The newly rich and others attempting
to climb the social ladder are not the
only ones who need a designer of coats
of-arms Witness the fact that Uncle
Sam needs one himself. and needs him
so badly that he pays him a great big
salary and gives him an ONCE in the
magnificent 100000 marble and gold
Library of Congress Uncle Sans on
ciaI heraldist is Gsillard Hunt. and he
Is one of the best heraldists extant. He
has an international reputation as a his
torian. and has written lots OF books
on all kinds of historical subjects that
students of history buy when they want
to find out just how some important
historical event followed.
Whenever the government wants .
new seal for one of its bureaus or for
some new territorial possession. an on
and tells him it's rush job. Where
upon, Hunt buckles right down to work
and turns out a newfangled seal that
everybody gazes at admiringly. and tells
about its history and how It happened
to be that way.
The coat-of-arms. for Porto Rico was
designed by Mr.. Hunt. He also designed
the coat-of-arms of the Philippine Is
lands. Again, he is the one who designed
tne seal OI lne department OF SOIlfnerCe
and Labor. said by experts to be at
once the most simple and most symbolic
ally striking of all those used by the
government And. finally, 1t was he who
designed the gorgeous combined seal and
coat-of-arms of the new Panama Canal
Zone. All of which goes to show that
he earns his salary.
Besides the seals mentioned. Mr. Hunt
has designed innumerable other seals
during his twenty-five years devotion to
this subject And he has spent a great
part of these twenty-five years prose-
cutting q search for the great seal of the
Confederacy. which disappeared during
the siege Of Richmond Only a short
time ago the search ended. and the great
seal now is one of the most priced pos
sessions Of the Confederate Museum at
Richmond.
Mr.. Hunt has devoted forty years to
study of his work. A few years ago
Uncle Sam detailed him to write an ar
ticle about the great seal Of the United
States When his article was finished
people who read II knew whole lot
more about the seal than any one had
before. He found all kinds Of interest
ing sidelights on 1t and put them into
his article.
The Washington herald. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1939, 1913-06-29
Running Household with
Spouse and Eleven Chill
dren Has No Terrors for
r. 7. Underwood-He
Tells His Story.
HOW TO LIVE ON $55
A MONTH WITH WIFE
AND IL CHILDREN

Fall head over heels in love
with your wife.
Do not interfere with your
wife's business.
Let the wife have a say in
financial matters.
Never go a cent into debt.
Never get disheartened.
Eat meat only once a week
and on Sundays.
Eat plenty OF cheap vegetables.
Cooperate with your wife in
all things.
When at work concentrate at
tention on business. leaving
household affairs in charge Of
your wife.
Never make a useless or ex-
travagant expense.
When knocked down. jump up
again.
The Washington herald. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1939, 1913-06-29
D Description Of Fight and
Property by Mexican Gen.
eral Tells Of Complete
Victory" He Won.

beauty and for the sustaining OF the
vaults. A room twenty-five varas in
length. which was built for a granary.
serves as a church.
There are seven rows of houses for
dwellings OF the Indians, which are buu
Of stone, with srched doorways. They
form a beautiful large square, through
which runs an irrigation ditch bordered
by willows and fruft-bearine trees
-or the service or the Indians. FOR tn,s
purpose well has been dug with a cur,
IN order to obviate the cutting on of
their water supply in case OF an invest
ment by the enemy; wherefore the plsz,
IS walled, and above its gateway is \
tower, with its embrasures, three cannon
some firearms, with the munitions an
pertaining to Whatever defense NAV be
needed. The houses have doors ana win
dows, high beds, chests, meatates. pots
pans, and kettles, and are furnished for
their use. OF these also a reserve sup
Ply Is kept in the ofice, in order 20 sun
ply them when they ask. since their
negligence and thrittlessness Is excessive
Oxen Carts Numerous.
For the cultivation of the fields Of
corn, pepper, beans. for their mainte-
nance, and of cotton for their clothing
there are fifty yoke of cart oxen. thirty
of them broken to yoke: ox-bows, blows.
plowshares, and twelve carts for the
transportation of stone, wood, and other
necessaries:l fifty axes, forty grub hoes.
twenty-five levers. and twenty-five reap
ing hooks. For carpenter work there
are the necessary implements-adzes
chisels, planes. troweis, picks, hammers.
saws, wise. mallets, files, and other
fr-f Nt-.-
apparatus for repairing them.
In the granary, a capacious room
where the harvests are kept, there are
at present 800 fanegas of corn, and some
beans for the maintenance of the Indians
This mission has a ranch where there is
a stone house twenty-five varas long
with an arched doorway. divided into
three rooms, In which live the families.
who guard lis broken horses, lis head
Of cattle. 1900 head of sheep, goats and
swine, 200 mares of all classes, with their
stations; fifteen she asses. eighteen
mules. equipped. Said ranch has, also,
four pans with pots. pettles. and metates.
lever, grubbing hoe, chissel and saw.
The said mission and the ranch have
the necessary corrals and fine irriga-
ton ditch with stone dyke for the
watering of the fields, which are situ
ated adjacent 1t has also a chapel eiev-
en- varas long, well constructed of stone.
in which is stone cross two varas high.
finished with silver. with four reliau-
aries Of distinct relics set in. some
sculptured and painted images for the
adornmenr of the altar; a chest in which
are two ornaments Of Persian silk with
abs. amices. singles. and other things
necessary to celebrate the holy sacrifice
Of the mass; two mirrors. three pieces
Of Chinese silk, cape and other things
which serve for the adornment Of the
altar In its festivities.
FRAY MARIANA FRANCISCO DE Los DO
L0REs AND OTHER MISSIONARIES
March ., r0
The Washington herald. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1939, 1913-06-29

-rrom The springfield Republ,e,n

From the Springfield Republican
Kansas has been experimenting with
a special court for the poor. in which
no claim for more than so can be
heard and In which no lawyer can plead.
The judge hears both sides, calls witt
nesses and may even put on his hat and
so out after evidence. II seems TO be
something like the court Of an Oriental
cadi. except for the quality Of the law
administered. and that must depend
largely upon the quality Of the Judge.
Experiments Of somewhat similar sort
have been made In England. and are In
harmony with the modern tendency to-
ward the elimination of waste. The
elaborate system OF ordinary judicial ad-
ministration Is obviously too big and
costiy to At trivial cases. where what
- mainly wanted 10 an impartial arbiter.
The Washington herald. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1939, 1913-06-29
THE FUTURE OF BULGARIA.
American Looks for Prosperity
When Fighting Ceases.
From the Springfield Republican,

from the Spg1ngreld Republican.
The war in the Balkan states, when
viewed from the center OF the maelstrom.
is evidently a different proposition than
when inspected at a distance of 1000
miles through the newspapers. Boris ].
Patchejien, a young Bulgarian officer
who is a recent graduate from the engi-
neering school at the University of Kan
sas, writes a Western friend that. al
though he has been in action most Of
the time since the fighting opened, yet
he knows little of what is really going
on. He expects much advancement In
his native state as soon as the war is
closed. and is hoping for speedy ces-
sation of hostiities. He is a trained
mining engineer. and believes that the
mining possibilities Of Bulgaria are
bright. IL only the fighting ceases before
industry is completely demoralized.
Patchejien attained some fame during
the campaign by teaching a company of
his men the sonorous college yell of the
University of Kansas, and by using 1t
as battle cry against the Turks. A
part of his letter follows:
We of Bulgaria know less of the war
than people in Western Europe. The
War Department has forbidden the
newspapers to print anything except
what they give them. I am an officer In
the Kings Infantry regiment There are
reported about 5000 dead of Bulgaria s
army and about 10000 dead from all the
armies, the Turks giving about 10000
of the above number.
Mining. although II has been done in
Bulgaria In ancient times by the ROM
ans. has been entirely neglected and for
hidden by the Turks during their rule
over Bulgaria for nearly 500 years until
the Russian-Turkish war broke out in
1877 and Bulgaria was freed from Tur-
key. During this long five-century Pc
riod Western Europe has forgotten that
any valuable minerals have ever been
mined in Bulgaria. From 1871 on. miBiag
developed little on account of lack of
capital The Bulgarian people. having
been robbed constantly by the Turks.
did not have any money to spare for
mining. and, besides, knew little of the
work. European capitalists. who had
heard of precious metals in Bulgaria, did
not invest because they were afraid that
the country would again be taken by the
Turks.
"A large number of old mines have
been found. all rich in copper. lead. with
some silver, zinc, coal. &C. Gold Is
washed in small quantities in the noun
tain rivers, but no one has taken the
trouble to locate its source. / have
many times seen pieces washed out as
big as wheat grains.
This war will do much good for Bull
garia in the end. as IL has shown that
Bulgaria is a country that can be trusted
for the future, and viii add a large ter
ritory with rich grain fields and noun
tains containing precious minerals. The
war is not over yet. but We see a large
number of foreign capitalists already
opening banks in Sofia, and / do not
doubt that Bulgaria will be gold mine
for many foreigners"
The Washington herald. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1939, 1913-06-29
President Madero Of Mexico
Sent Gov. Colquitt State
ment of Santa Anna on the
Capture Of the Alamo.

Interesting information, including data
CT the report made by Santa Anna on
the capture OF the Alamo, has been OBJ
tanned by Gov. Colquitt of Texas. who
recently visited San Antonio the site OF
the Alamo.
The data by the Governor are officially
certified to by the Mexican archivists
ana a true translation or the documents
follows:
TransIntiOn Is Given.
Certified copy OF the-report of the cap
ture of the fortress Of the Alamo, which
the President of the republic, Antonio
Lopez de Santa Anna, rendered to the
President ad interim, furnished Gov.
Colquitt by President Madero of Mexico,
under date of February q, 1913:
Secretary of State of the Office OF
War and Marine. Mexico Main Depart
T:ent of State-First section: On the
margin: Army of Operations, March 8,
1886. Assault of the Alamo by the PresI-
dent OF the republic. Don Anotonio Lopez
de Santa Anna, in which he took artil-
iery, park (of provisions), ammunitions,
and a flag.
Excellent Sire: Victory acco oanies
the Mexican Army. At this moment, :
a. m, it has just achieved a most COM
plete and glorious one, which will per-
petuate its memory.
las 1 announced to YOU on the Eta
of lase-month, in reporting to you the
capture OF this city, 1 was waiting for
the first brigade OF infantry to operate
decisively against the fortress of the
alamo; but, although not all the corps
of which ii is composed could come.
three battalions, one OF Sappers, one of
ALBANIA, one of Toluca, were able to do
so by forced marches. with this force
and that of Matamoros. Jtmenez, and
San Luis Potosi, 1 was able to gather
together, exclusive of recruits Loo in
fantry. This being divided into four COL
umns and one reserve, as is noted IN
the general order OF yesterday, a copy
OF which J inc1ose. The assault was be-
gun at O'Clock in the morning, meeting
the obstinate resistance, so that the fight
lasted more thai an hour and a half.
even the reserve being called into service.
Hand-to-Band Fight.
The scene presented by this engage
ment was extraordinary; the men fought
hand 10 hand, ana view with one another
in deeds of heroism. The twenty-one
piece of the enemy's artillery, which
were used with the utmost skill, the
vivid rife FIRE, which appeared to illu-
inmate the interior of the fortihcations
and the bitches and ramparts. were no
obstacle for the undaunted Mexicans.
They did their duty like valiant men. and
are worthy of all consideration of the
supreme government and of the gratitude
of their compatriots.
In fine, We gained the fortress with
its artillery, park tof provisions). &C.,
buried among its bitches and embank-
ments more than 800 corpses. all Of for
eigners, and in the vicinity great num-
Der, which IT has not been possible TO
examine, of those who. attempting to es-
cape from the bayonets of the infantry,
The Washington herald. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1939, 1913-06-29

r.,r.r, x 40 a..
ths sr,ghts.t .,,.c,.,,c. 80 ,h.v a.
80 ~ -
-" ~ e
p' ~. re rom aso'-
WIG anu oecioeo iohs ago
never 70 ger disneartened.rWe nave az
ways tried 10 De happy ana cneertui
ana 10 smile even In the lace OF pow
erty ana want our family mas been a
CONTINUOUS comfort and inspiration TO U.S.
Each addition to the freside has not
been looked upon as BURDEN but as
a blessing. with good family. a man
struggle N The cruel hattle 81 life. Mis-
fortune has knocked me down many a
time. but have always scrambled to
my ieet AGAIN. Grit ana ae-erminauon
&C.,, az 49,
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,,,,rns 10 - ~ So ~.
=. nsi ~. ~ ne. one .as eoneu
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49, 80 to Sos
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p.e eones ~ at 'ne aoor. 'ore nes
$3.50 -. -. .,,.sas
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q. ouf house
Key Word Co-operntfon.
"when we first came 10 Washington
The Washington herald. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1939, 1913-06-29
A singular Motive.

Hey, What are we doing thereT'
Little Arthur was caught, says An
swers. He was up the pear tree. his
pockets full of luscious fruit. while be-
low stood a bull TERROR, trying wildly
and frantically to reach him.
And the owner of tree and dog had
just come upon the scene.
"P-p-please, sir, t-t-trying to teach
your d-d-dog to stand on his h-h-hind
Lac