davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-04-27
CONGRESS IS CRITICISED
lin MOUNT VERNON CASE
Student of Ladies' Associa-
shon Praises Work 1t Has
Done on Washington Estate.

That Representative Cary of Wisconsin
viii ind nothing but good in the Mount
Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union
II his resolution to investigate the asso-
citation. together with the railroad and
steamboat lines connecting Mount Vernon
with Washington. is reported favorably to
the House. is the opinion OF Alexander ]
Wedderburn of Fairfax county. Va
fMr. Wedderburn. having made a study
II the finances and history of the. asso-
Cation. told a star reporter last night
mat + the estate of the first Presidsn
had not been cared for by this associa-
ton the tomb OF George Washington
would perhaps today be badly In need of
repair.
investigating" he said. and wants to in
fesigate everything, from Ty Cobb to
Mount Vernon. l seriously question the
right OF Congress to NEEDLE with the af-
fairs or the Mount Vernon Ladies' As
ISOLATION This organization Is purely
private and patriotic and lie not a money
making scheme.s
Land Belongs to Virginia. :.
The land belongs to the state of vir-
ginia practically, understand, and is
held in trust by the Mount Vernon La
dies Association, which Is examined an
nuanys by the state of Virginia The as
ISOLATION is conducted for the benefit ,ol
the nation The work done by the women
has been Beneficial: they have beautihed
and improved. tho grounds and have lived
up to their charter, they are. living up ID
the laws OF Virginia, and to attempt &c
monopoly in restraint OF trade Is ridicu.
fous.
The association was the first ever or
ganiezd and chartered and fully financed
and controlled by American women. They
raised the money necessary for the pur-
chase OF the property from John A
Washington. They have greatly improved
The place. and the moderate charge OF
admission-25 csnts-is applied first Il
defray1ng the cost of upkeep, and any
surplus IS added 10 the permanent fund
which amounts to something more thar
$4,000
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-04-27
Canada Biggest Competitor.

In the production of wheat and the
of -four" he said, Can
ada is our nearest and biggest COM
petitor. She will at once take advan-
tage of the reciprocal law relative
to -four in order TO gain access to the
market which our ninety
millions Of people AFFORD. II is a well
known trade fact in the mill industry
that in the establishment of new
mill the prime necessity is a market
for the by-products of fiour-shorts.
bran. etc The pending bill furnishes
the Canadian miller with that primary
market in the United States. With a
free market for his by-product the
canadian miller will start out with an
advantage of 10 cents bushel on the
wbeat in the -four. Since il takes from
four and hair Dusheis TO nve and
five and a half bushels of
wheat TO make a barrel of -four. this
would mean an advantage of from As
tn IS cents per barrel to the Canadian.
Lafferty Gives List.
In arguing the same principle with
different specific examples. Represen-
tative Lafferty Of Oregon took a list
of meats and provisions. running from
lard TO buckwheat:
"The Canadian farmers can and will
compete with our farmers" he said.
.as TO all of these products, but Can
ada places a heavy duty on beef NUT
ton. meats and provisions of all sorts.
and upon rye and buckwheat, which
will prevent our farmers from par
t;cipating in the Canadian trade Can
ada levies a duty of 3 cents a pound
on fresh meats from the United States,
Ubereas fresh meats from Canada are
IN come into the United States free.
canada levies a duty of 3 cents a pound
on wool whereas Canadian wool will
come into the United States free under
duty of Ia cents a pound on swine i'm
ported from the United States, where
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-04-27

as the Canadians may send swine into
the United States free OF duty. Canada
charges a duty of Ia cents a pound on
lard. 81 cents a pound on milk prod
ucts. 20 cents per bushel on potatoes.
10 cents per bushel on rye. SO cents per
barrel on rye hour IS cents per barrel
on cornmeal and % per cent ad valorem
on tallow whereas all OF these products
will come into the United States free OF
duty from Canada.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-04-27
Board Of Lady Managers.

The board Of lady managers follows:
Honorary president. Mrs. Champ Clark,
and the following vice presidents-First.
Mrs. Oscar Wilkinson; second. Mrs. w.
p. Ramsey. third. Mrs. A. j. Riley:
fourth. Mrs. G. L. Henry; fifth. Mrs.
Oscar Coumbe. sixth. Mrs. George Wal
lace: seventh. Mrs. Taylor Undertake:
eighth, Mrs. G. Menge; ninth. Mrs. II.
NJ. Dixon; tenth. Mrs. f. j. Rowell:
eleventh. Mrs. A. III. Giles: twelfth, Mrs.
j. A. Dempf: and the following lady
managers: Mrs. ]. B. Abraham. Mrs. G.
T. Andrews. Mrs. w. n. Appleby. Mrs.
NJ. y. Balentine. Miss Catherine Barlow.
Miss Eta Benjamin. Mrs. G. II. Carter.
Mrs Chenoweth. Mrs. Clifton Clark, Mrs
Frank Campbell Mrs. f. S. Cropley.
Mrs. Leo Oedekoven Mrs. James Dyre,
Miss jamie Etheridge. Mrs. Roe Fulker-
son. Mrs. H. K. Gibson. Mrs. J. p. Has
kins. Mrs. DR.. Hedgecook. Mrs. L.
r. Hunt. Miss NJ. Hunt. Mrs. H..
$. Irwin. Mrs. S. E. Jackson. Mrs.
W. w. Kinsley. Mrs, j. c. Kondrup.
Mrs. III. 4. Mathews. Mrs. a. G.. Mayer.
Mrs. w. Miller. Mrs. NJ. V. Michael, Mrs.
Midkiff, Mrs. b. p. Moss. Mrs. ]. ".
Mullen. Mrs. McCalley. Mrs. s. s. Poole.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-03-16
The Association of
Eggs With Easter

LEV know that the association OF eggs
/ with the Easter season. like many
other customs among Christians, is of
pagan origin. and began far back in the
mists OF antiquity, when superstition
ruled.
Between two and three hundred years
a go the Egyptian regarded the egg as
the emblem of recreation. or of the reno
walton Of the human race after the
deluge. This idea originated with them
from studying the habits of the scarab or
sacred beetle, which buried its ball in
the grave dug for itself. Not knowing
that the ball contained an egg, when the
young beetle was Matched, supposing IT TO
be the one they saw disappear in the
earth. they concluded that it had again
returned. to life. Thus arose the hope of
resurrection Of their mummified bodies,
and when they later found that the
buried ball contained an egg the egg
became a symbol of resurrection.
The ancient Persians had a legend that
the universe was Matched from an egg at
the time of the vernal equinox, and
among the Persian magi or priests the
egg represented recreation. In accord
ance with this tradition, the Persian new
year began at the vernal equinox, at
which time 1t was the custom Tor the
people to present each other with eggs
tinted red, yellow or sky blue.
In Germany the Easter egg plays a part
in a story told children to the effect that.
IL they are good. a white hare will creep
into the house on Easter eve and hide a
number of beautiful eggs for them in odd
places. The familiar sight in Ameri-
can windows of rabbits wheeling loads of
eggs originated in the German myth. the
rabbit replacing the hare because of the
scarcity of the latter in this country.
Some Christians Of the present time,
knowing nothing of early traditions, sup
pose that the use of eggs at Easter origi-
mated with the early Catholics, who, re-
turning at the close Of the Lenten season
to their favorite food. expressed their joy
by decorating eggs. The truth is that
when the early Christians began to OBJ
serve the resurrection of Christ they
preserved the old association of eggs with
the equinoctial season and the idea of
resurrection. At first. the only color used
was red. signifyng the blood shed by
Christ. but by degrees this idea was
lost, many colorS were used. and in time
the connection between Eatser eggs and
the resurrection was forgotten.
AS the alchemists of old dreamed of a
universal solvent, so the chemists of our
time. in cropping for an artificial coal,
have sought quantitively preponderant
base that, in combustion, would not too
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-03-16

Slovenian minority of the Syrian land
tag that the German majority had to
take precautionary measures. Durlng the
summer. when the landtag was not sit
ting they had all the ink bottles I'm the
members desks fastened down. When the
autumn session began, several eloquent
Siovenians sought their favorite argu-
ments and found that they were out or
action Next day a legislator brought 10
the landtag hall a heavy brass-bound INK
bottle of his owp and laid 1t demonstra-
lively on his desk.
When legislators get tired of this form
of argument they show great ingenuity
in obstructing peacefully. One method is
to burden the parliament with needless
and meaningless work, to bring in DIS,
resolutions and interpretations which nave
no other use than as substitutes Tor oainS
and ink bottles November 3. 1910, the
German minority in the newly opened
Bohemian landtag introduced loS ur-
gent resolutions and over 20O petitions.
Not one of the resolutions or petitions
was urgent and most of them were frv-
olous and even nonsensicaI. The landtag
had to adjourn for a week while COM
mission went through the pile of absurd
documents.
4 year before the same method was
used in the reichsrat to prevent the vot-
ing of money for the annexation Of Bos-
mia and Herzegovina. The Czech radicals,
who particularly hated Premier Bienerth,
carried through this piece Of obstruction,
Fifty-seven of the petitions which they
brought in were described as urgent
One of them concerned the transport of
hay crops on the state railways. another
dealt with a ten-year-old lawsuit against
the state, third with municipal rights
to construct bathing houses. This work
of obstruction was successful: 1t led to
a debate which lasted without a break
for eighty-six hours. The majority then
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-03-16
Ignorant, But Ready.

VINCENT ASTOR at luncheon In
New York. was congratulated upon
the model farm of 5000 acres that he Is
esta blishing on his Rhinebeck estate.
II am going to devote myself to the de
veiopment of New York agriculture.
Mr. Astor said. But. of course, at the
present time. I'm as ignorant of farming
as the longshoreman was OF seaman
ship.
"A 'longshoreman, you know. borrowed
an able seamans discharge papers during
a strike and enlisted on a full-rigged ship.
''On his first watch on deck. the order
rang out. Haul in the jib.' and the long
shoreman in his ignorance tore aft like
the wind
'Abaft the wheel he ran foul OF the
ca plain. who roared:
- Didn't you hear the order? You don't
expect to find the jibboom jutting out
from the stern. do you?
THE longshoreman pulled his fcrelock
as he had seen old shellbacks do.
How was l to know?' he said. DIFF.
ferent ships, different customs"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-03-16

fact, as the Secretary of State has no
power to utter proclamation TO the
people There is statute charging him
with the duty of announcing each
amendment as it is ratified.
The recent announcement of the in
come tax amendment was framed in the
Office of the solicitor of the Department
Of State After approving of the form by
which il presented the amendment to the
people. Mr.. Knox signed it.
1t was a business-like typewriter
sheet and after copies had been issued
over to Mr. Tonner who had il mounted
upon a large sheet of bristol board that
it might be protected from crumpling
With the certificates of ratification sent
to the Secretary of State by all of the
states which approved of it. it was placed
i'm its proper chronological order at the
bottom of the manila-wrapped bundle
containing the latest amendment pa
pers." Each OF these papers, the ratifica-
ton certificates from the various states
as we'll as the sixteen amendments in
original form, are similarly mounted upon
bristol board sheets of uniform size.
The earlier amendments are carefully
written by pen. IS are the earlier certifi-
Gates from the ratifying states. But
these certificates accompa nying the new
income tax amendment are in various
forms. Most of them are typewriter. but
some are printed and carefully gotten
up in ensrossed form, with the official
seals of the states attached.
MIR. Tonner proposes to have these
sheets bound in volumes for better pro-
lection and more systematic reference.
The most sentimentally interesting re-
ceptacle utilized by the government for
the safekeeping of state documents is
found also In Mr.. TONER'S bureau and
contains an important part of the original
Constitution papers-the original journal
of the federal constitutional convention.
This is Dolly Madisons trunk. a quaint
little box, about foot and a half long,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-03-16
SIGNATURES To The.
ORIGINAL CONSTITUTION

either by state legislatures or by special
conventions called in states, provided
that ee-fourths of the states ratify
through one of these bodies or the other
To date only one of the methods of pro-
posing amendments has been resorted to
that of passing the proposition through
Congress-and likewise only one method
of ratification has been employed-that OF
submitting the change to state legisla-
lures rather than state conventions. The
federal convention method, which must
be demanded by two-thirds of the state
legislatures, has never been resorted TO
because a general revision of the Con-
stitutioh has never yet been widely de-
sired. Propositions for such conven-
tion have. however, cropped up in few
states from time to time.
If the amendment proposed for the
change of the presidential term is ini-
tiated by Congress. as all previous amend
ments have been, it will go through In
the form of a joint resolution, although
I'm few instances propositions TO amend
have been offered in the form Of bills Al
though such Joint resolutions have gen.
orally been referred, in each house, to
the committee on the judiciary. some have
been referred to standing committees
whose function has been to pass upon the
special subjects to which the amendments
have referred.
The choice of methods given our federal
and state lawmakers for the amendment
of the Constitution shows that the franz
ers of that instrument anticipated that
the amending machinery would be often
resorted to- But it is a fact that the six
teen amendments thus far tackled onto the
original Magma Charta have been the
fruits of about 1900 propositions for
amendment introduced In Congress. More
than half of these have been pigeon
holed i'm committee and of the remainder
only a small percentage have been
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-03-16
A Brilliant Coup.

CHAIRMAN PUJO was condemning at
~ dinner in Washington certain
market-rigging tactics.
These tactics" he said remind mo
of Gobsa Golde Gobsa in his younger
DAYS was a shoe salesman in the west.
and once the stage coach he was travel
ing In was held up by a band of rob-
bers.
"All the passengers. Gobsa included.
were made TO elevate their hands above
their heads. and then one robber went
through their pockets, while the rest OF
the band covered them with revolvers
when the robber came to Gobsa
Golde the millionaire-to-be said hur-
riedly:
Excuse me-just minute, Mr..
Road Agent
And he took out his wallet. drew q
ten-dollar bill from IL, and, extending
the bill to the fellow-passenger next
after him in line. he said:
Here's that ten / borrowed from
you yesterday. Smithers.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-03-16

ever. cannot affect the validity of the
amendment. because more than the
necessary three -fourths Of the states
have ratified. \ similar question arose
when the Governor Of New Hampshire
vetoed his states ratification of the
twelfth amendment and again when
that states ratification was not neces-
sary so the question TO the ef-
feet of a governors refusal to sign al
act of ratification has never had To be
tested. II is generally held by con-
stitutional lawyers that such a veto
could not affect the action Of the lesis
lature any more than could that of the
President affect the vote of Congress
upon an amendment To our Magma
Charta
Copyright, 1918. hy John Elfreth watkinsD
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-03-16

Tor Twenty Years the
l Members of the Austrian
Reichsrat and the Hungarian
Diet Have Made Laws by
Hurting Ink Bottles. Tear
ing Up Desks, Calling Names
and Fighting Duels-Session
Which Lasted Eighty-six
Hours-Czech Deputy Who
Holds the Record With a
Seventeen Hour Continuous
Grafton Latter Consumed
Twelve Glasses of Egg Brandy
and Five Glasses of Water in
the Period-Members of the
Hungarian Diet Have En-
gagged in Eighteen Duels of
Recent Years, But This Is
Insignificant Compared With
the Thirty Personal Combats
in Which Members of the
Austrian Reichsrat Have Been
Concerned.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-03-16

for the direct election of senators, is now
before tho legislatures OF the several
states, and third. changing the prestden-
tial term has recently been placed before
Congress.
Do YOU understand the modus operandi
by which this Magma Charta of ours Is
patched up from time to time?
have Just been to the Department of
State TO see the man who is official Gus
toGisn of that all-important instrument
and of its amendments. He is John a.
Tonner chief of the bureau of rolls and
library. You might suppose that our Con-
stitution were big piece of parchment.
10 which the amendments as ratified are
actually added. the whole being in con-
nected form. But such is not the case
The original Constitution is locked
away IN a little gray. steel safe which
stands ConspicuouSly in & corner of the
library of the Department of State The
amendments. signed by the various Sec
retaries OF State, who have announced
them TO the people. lie wrapped in simple
packages of manila paper, in a compart-
ment of wooden file cabinet across the
hall Constantly throughout each day
and hourly throughout each night these
repositories come under the argus eyes
OF watchmen hired to guard them
i said that Mr.. Tonner is the Gus
todian of these documents. Actually he
Is. but officially they are in the custody
of the Secretary of State, whose duty it
is also TO announce to the people each
amendment to the Constitution. whether
he approves of the change or not. The
last important official act of Philander
Knox was the announcement of the six
teSnth, or income tax. amendment The
document by which ne announced it to
the people is popularity referred to in the
Department of State as ''proclama-
uon,' but was not such, in law or in
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-03-16

in order to answer derisive comments of
German interrupters. After his speech
ended the struggle went on all day. At
in the evening Herr Fresl declared that
he would tire out the government and
that he had resolved 70 make a speech
which would last until the same hour
next evening As a fact the speech
lasted until only ] o'clock next day, but
the seventeen hour speech was the great
est thing of its kind done In Europe since
parliaments began.
Fresrs seventeen hour speech was
miracle of organization. BY his plan he
was enabled to get rest without appealing
for an interval. Seven Slav deputies con-
spired to interrupt him with approving
remarks. which would call forth angry
protests from fhe government benches.
The governments adherents duly retort-
ed angrily. the seven Slavs shouted back,
and during the five minutes confusion
the exhausted Herr F'reSl got a rest. This
was repeated every hour. Twelve glasses
of egg brandy and five glasses of water
were swallowed by the record breaker IN
the seventeen hours.
During Fresls speech the government
party organizers required adherents to
sign a document undertaking not to leave
the parliament house. Sofas and touches
were sent for. and dragged into the hall
adjoining the budget commission room
where the fight was proceeding, and men,
bers went to sleep by turns. The German
Deputy Hummer sent home for his night
clothing, undressed, donned a pajama
suit, and soon was snoring so loudly that
Herr Fresl exclaimed, 1.-The government
pigs are holding conference" At . in
the morning Herr Hummer donned q pale
pink dressing gown, and in his bare feet
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-03-16

place in his own memory as a parlia-
mentarian: Striking a member tearing
off a members collar throwing a missile
from the balcony, to which member
went specially in order to aim better:
hurting a tin can, fighting with fists, and
taking off boot in order to throw ii at
a speaker. He added that he remember
ed seven pitched battles in the reich
stag. Altogether thirty duels have been
fought in the last forty years over
reichsrat uuarrels Rows i'm the Hunga-
rian diet have accounted for eighteen re-
cent duels The last was that of the
speaker, Count Stephen Tisza, who dis
posed in a terrific sword duel of his own
kinsman Count Michael karoly1.
Herr Boehms affirms that despite rows
and obstruction. nearly all resulting from
racial quarrels, the standard of manners
and talent in the Vienna and provincial
parliaments is higher than In any other
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-03-16

KTODUS Operandi of
4VA Amending the Consti-
tution-Three Amendments
Now in Different Stages of
Evolution Two Ways of
Doing 1t Offered by Constitu-
ton, But Never Been Made
Use Of. and Why-Where
Presidents Veto Has No
Power-Recent Question
Over Governors Veto of In
come Tax Anendrnent-How
Amendments Are Added to
the Constitution at the
State Department = How
and Where These Documents
Are Stored-The Secretary's
Function = Dolly Madison's
Trunk Used at Department
to Secure Original Constitu-
ton Papers Which She Saved
From White House Fire.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-03-16

brought to a vote. The new one authoriz-
ing the income tax is the first amendment
added to the Constitution since the recon
struction days following the civil war
At several times in the past dispute
has arisen as to whether the votes Of
two-t thirds of the total membership or of
tWo-thirds of the members present In each
house of Congress are necessary TO rec
ommend an amendment to the states.
But precedent allows the matter to he
passed upon by two-thirds of those mere
ly present on the day of voting.
X
Whether or not President Wilson might
approve of the proposed amendment lin
iting his tenure to a single six-year term
il will be referred TO the states. After
the eleventh amendment had been ratified
the state of Virginia disputed its validity
upon the ground that the President had
not signed the referring resolution, but
the Federal Supreme Court ruled unani-
mously that the amendment had been
constitutionally adopted, and Justice
Chase in his opinion held that the Presi-
dent has nothing to do with the propo-
sition or adoption of amendments to the
Constitution When the resolution re-
ferring the thirteenth amendment was
passed President Lincoln signed il. and
the Senate rebuked him in resolution
declaring that such approval was un-
necessary to give effect to the action of
Congress in proposing such an amend
ment." So President johnson when he
signed the fourteenth amendment ex-
planned in a message to Congress that
his so doing was purely ministerial and
in no sense whatever committing the ex-
ecutive to an approval or recommendation
Of the amendment to the state legisla-
lures or to the people
After the new income tax amendment
had been ratified by both houses of
the Arkansas legislature Gov Donag-
hey vetoed 1t, and his act precipitated
a constitutional question. which. how