davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening journal., 1913-03-08
METHOD OF KEEPING HORSES
stable Accommodation Have Marked
Influence on Amount Of Food
Required for Animal.

The truth OF the statement that the
method Of handling and the stable ac'
commodations have marked influ.
ence on the amount OF food required
to keep a horse in good condition has
been proven by Investigations made
in Columbus by the animal husbandry
students Of the college Of agriculture
Ohio state university.
These Investigations have been car
iied on for several years. over 1000
head OF horses being included. II was
found that the concerns with the poor
est accommodations for their horses
and where the least care was given
we're paying out largest amount fol
feed.
The average cost OF keeping horses
in Columbus is 40.1 cents a day. and
contrary 20 popular belief heavy ex-
press horses are fed for nearly two
and one-half cents less than light
driving horses The lowest cost was
$500 per year in the case OF an un'
derfed animal. and the highest cost
was s229.O2, a stallion being fitted for
show.
one noticeable fact was the alb
sence Of variety in the ration. the prin'
cIple roughage being timothy hay the
year round. and Il was common 10
find this given In excess. Corn and
oats constituted the principal grains
fed. In one instance a saving OF
s1115 per animal. or a yearly saving
Of 1863, was brought about by the
use Of four pounds OF oat straw In
place Of a similar amount OF hay.
Evening journal., 1913-03-08

OF my garden hoe. making It an A
shaped. With this tool | could hoe
close under the leaves without doing
injury TO the plants.
Setting in this way has at least
three advantages: First, Il does not
need TO be banked with earth since
the stalks grow tall without it; sec
ond the wind cannot whip the stalks
about and thus injurb the leaves;
third fewer leaves of equal size grow
on the stalks. In this trench the cell
cry was 30 inches tall and of a very
fine quality.
Such trenches as ] made need not
be more than feet apart. On an acre
OF ground one can grow 33 rows, 20
feet long with 1,O56 plants in a row,
OF 34,S4S plants per acre. At 1 cent
each they would fetch S3iS.4S. have
sold a few stalks to my neighbors at
2ik cents a stalk. At this rate an acre
would produce sS71.2O. But should l
receive only one-third the retail price,
there is profit in raising It here where
there is no celery land.
Evening journal., 1913-03-08
cnnd nrnHt. hi pnnonrn.

With popcorn so popular an article
or consumption as it is. there is no
farm in any section OF the corn belt
that should not grow patch to sup
ply the family needs. Popcorn will do
we'll on any land that will produce a
good crop of corn.
1t should be cultivated and cared
for in the same general manner as
corn. though it may be planted more
closely. It ripens in about 100 days,
and 1t should be shocked as soon as It
is ripe, so that It win dry out well be-
fore husking It will produce from so
to go bushels Of ears with a good
stand, and this will fetch. from 81 to
81 per bushel.
Evening journal., 1913-03-08
causes Of FalIure win AIfaIfs,

Experiments at the Cornell station
have been conducted to determine the
causes of failure in alfalfa culture.
and the practical suggestions derived
from the results we're that at least a
moderately fertile soil is needed for
this crop, that the use OF phosphate as
fertilizer is valuable in this connec-
ton and that incubation is futile un-
less the soil is in a condition to favor
the growth Of the bacteria.
Evening journal., 1913-03-08
Essential Garden Tools.

be taken that the seeds are not kept
too wet. as termination takes place
more readily under barely moist con-
ditions. Strength of such germina'
ton should be noted, for it is not
enough that a seed germinate. It
should germinate strongly to be a
good seed Seeds which germinate
weakly in such tests may not be
strong enough to make a good plant
under field conditions.
II fnolds form quickly on the seeds
they are likely to be old stock.
II 100 seeds are taken, the number
that germinstes can be taken as the
percentage OF termination. II scant'
the seed should not be planted. II
good, or Indifferent, it may be
planted, making the proper allowance
terminate.
Evening journal., 1913-03-08
TESTING GARDEN SEED
Failure Of Crop often Attributed
to Poor Stand
Vitality or Terminating Power I'm
paired by Various Causes, Such
- Lack Of Maturity, Improper
Storing or In Curing.

Very often the cause Of a crop fail.
IRE can be attributed to a poor stand.
No matter how good the soil, the
seed, the season, or the cultivation, II
there is poor stand, the yield is de
creased. A poor stand, writes s. Van
Smith In Farm News, requires about
as much time, work and expense In
cultivation as a good one.
This Is true in gardening as we'll aa
in other lines Of crop growing.
An important factor IN the cause OF
poor stands Is poor seeds. Seed may
have its vitality or terminating pow.
er impaired from a variety OF causes
such as lack Of maturity. improper
curing, or storing under unfavorable
conditions. Very often the seed has
spent itself terminating before It is
planted, or perhaps It is too cold.
To avoid poor stands. seeds should
be tested before planting. This is a
very simple operation and requires
but a few minutes. There are several
simple methods of testing seeds,
probably most Of which will answer
the purpose.
One OF the simplest and quickest
ways Is to test between blotting pa
per. First, count out 100 seeds OF the
kind to be tested, taking them just as
they come. and not picking out the
best-looking ones. Scatter the seeds
between two pieces of blotting paper
from 4 to 6 inches square, and place
In a common chint plate, and turn
another plate bottom side up over the
FIRST. II pasteboard plates can be
had, they are better, especially If a
large number Of samples are to be
tested
In this case all the plates contain
ing samples Of seed can be stacked
up, each plate being placed right side
up upon the one beneath. This
makes each plate a cover for the one
beneath it, and holds the blotting
paper down closely to the seeds, pre-
venting too rapid drying out.
The seeds should be placed in the
living room to secure a temperature
favorable to termination. Care should
Evening journal., 1913-03-08

large milk wells. large crooked milk
veins and good-sized teats.
Her head should be clean and an
gular in appearance. with the eyes
standing out prominently. The neck
should be rather long and lean in sp-
pearance. The shoulders pointed and
the backbone rather prominent. The
skin should be loose and soft to the
touch. In selecting herd bulls either
mature animals which have already
demonstrated their worth as sires or
younger animals from high-testing
dams and sires only should be used.
The best and surest results will al
ways follow the use of a mature sire
which has sired heifers with good
records A good dairy bull should be
kept until he is twelve or fifteen
years old; in fact. as long as he is a
sure sire. Real good sires are so rare
that when we do find one he should
die only Of old age All breeders Of
dairy cattle should secure yearly tests
on each and every COW in the herd.
Shorter tests do not really mean very
much It is the COW that stays by her
Job that Is really valuable.
Evening journal., 1913-03-08
Green Alfalfa.

German experimenters found that
green alfalfa put into an unwalled pit
in July and taken out in March had
decreased in weight by practically
s31-s per cent. The outer layers
were more or less moldy. and in some
places the silage was partially
charred. g.
Beet leaves and tops sliced in the
stock on the ground in October con
tanned $3.50 Kilograms Of dry matter
and about 5,222 Kilograms at the end
Of January. Corn stover silage made
In an iron conc-ete sllo suffered only
a slight loss in nutriment, as shown
by experiments, and this loss was off
set by increased palatability, some
thing which always counts for much
Evening journal., 1913-03-08
pry Matter In the cornfisId.

Prof J. II. Sheppard. dean OF asri-
culture, North Dakota agricultural col
lege, says the amount Of dry matter
in a cornheld increases at almost a
regular rate from the time of tassel-
ing until ripe. In round numbers It
is as follows When in silk IL has
twice as much dry matter as when in
tassel. when in milk three times. when
glazed four times and when ripe FIVE
times as much as when in tassel. The
digestble matter also increases as the
corn natures. so that the increase in
dry matter Is even less than the in
crease in digestible matter per acre.
With these facts In mind one cannot
be left in doubt as to the Importance
OF allowing corn to become as near
ripe as possible before cut for fodder.
H. should not be left, however. after 1t
is ripe. for the leaves to be broken
of by the wind and the digestible mat
ter bleached out by rain and dews,
The common mistake. however, is for
che grower TO cut IL too early.
Evening journal., 1913-03-08
Nest for the Hen.

Everything from a nail keg to a
grocery box may make hens nest
The hen is not sentimental bird, and
does not care for fancy frills and con-
traptions. Give her a box or barrel,
filled with the right nesting material,
such as bruised straw, and the whole
properly darkened, and she will do
her share in trying 70 keep ii supplied
with eggs.
Evening journal., 1913-03-08
wlndowa In PouItrY Housea.

Put the windows in the poultry
houses low down to the floor, 30 that
the hens will get the benefit of the
light and sunshine when scratching
for their feed.
The trouble with windows set high
I'D is that they let the sunshine on
the perches when the hens are on the
floor scratching, and when they are
on the roost the sun doesn't shine, 30
there is no equilibrium in such plans.
Evening journal., 1913-03-08
Differences in Eoos.

Eggs may differ materially in color
and yet not differ much In nutriment
Again. they may differ largely in nu-
triment, when, for instance, hens are
neglected or poorly fed or when they
eat filth, damaged grain or tainted
meat. The crop and gizzard OF hen
cannot transform impure food into
pure products. The real value Of an
egg for food lies inside the shell and
is not indicated by the color Of the
shell.-The Golden Egg
Evening journal., 1913-03-08
Roup and catarrh.

Catarrh is not roup. Il is usually
caused by dampness; exposure TO a
drenching rain is a good starter for
the disease, DR.. Sanborn says il is a
filth disease, and not caused by TAX
ing cold" The difference between
roup and catarrh is that the latter
has a tendency to get well without
treatment. while the former seems in
clined to progress TO a fatal end.
Evening journal., 1913-03-08
comfort for the RIrds.

No success can be obtained with
poultry unless the fowls are kept COM
Portable. A man caught in a rain
storm can change his clothing and
thus save catching cold but fowl
must allow her clothing TO dry on her
No fowl can stand a constant expos
ure to inclement weather. and the
more we protect them the better will
be the results.
Evening journal., 1913-03-08
CELERY ON CITY LOT
Carpenter Makes Profitable Ex-
pertinent With Plant.
AZ Soon In Spring as Ground Could
Be Worked, Part Of Flve-cent Pack
age Of Seed Was sowed--
Profits Were Big.
lny r. b. oILLER. IndIana.l }

am a carpenter. not a gardener
but l wanted TO make some extra
money and tackled celery. have a
lot back OF my house. 50x125 feet, and
Il was not particularly adapted for eel
cry, but | read up on the subject OF
soil and learned that In order to raise
the best crops. growers give a good
coat Of stable manure every second
year. From this I concluded stable
manure contained the necessary fer
tilizing elements for the celery plant.
which might be raised on any good
ground, provided it was fertilized well
in that way.
As early In the spring as the ground
could be worked sowed part OF a
fiye-cent package Of seed in one row
across the garden, aud cultivated Il
the same as my rows OF beets and
parsnips When the plants we're
about four inches high. prepared a
trench TO set them in. The round was
first coated we'll with good stable ma
nure and then spaded up as deep as
one could spade. After il was we'll
worked made a trench about one
foot deep and or inches wide at the
bottom. In this trench set two rows
OF plants six inches apart and the
plants also six inches asunder in the
row in a zig-zag manner so that in n
trench 20 feet long / set just 100
plants. All lived and all produced
fine. large stalks.
The plants being set out in the mid
die OF the summer, needed very little
cultivation. They grew so rank that
they kept the weeds down in the row
and only few weeds grew on the side
OF the trenches. These can be hoed
to advantage with an ordinary gar
den hoe. 30 I cut Off the up corners
Evening journal., 1913-03-08
BREEDING STOCK FOR DAIRY
I'm Selection Of Animals Real Test
Must 6e With eealss and Re-
liable 5aboock Tester.

Prof. W. J. Kennedy OF the Iowa
station recommends the following In
reference TO the selection Of breeding
stock for the dairy:
In selecting dairy cattle the real
test must be the scales and the Bah
cock tester. The COW is a machine to
convert food into milk; thus she must
have large middle and a strong con.
stitution TO insure the best results.
She muet also have a large udder,
Evening journal., 1913-03-08
FARM GATE IS ECONOMICAL
Made Of Ordinary Board strips and
Light Hlnees-Use Any Of Con-
venient Latches.
(Ry RuRpINE wERRl

Take board strips one inch thick,
three inches broad, and the proper
length and width you want your gate,
nail them across each other as shown
in the drawing herewith, making about
three inch cracks.
Then take the same sized and width
pieces and double the crosses. mailing
securely A half pound OF No. s nails
will do the work
Use ordinary light hinges use
seven cross pieces, and then by
doubling these. which is absolutely
Evening journal., 1913-03-08
Requirements for Egg Production.

The secrets Of egg production con-
sist of a good supply Of grit, good
health, plenty Of exercise, pure food
green food. fresh water, cut clover
hav and green cut bone, freedom
from lice. regularity in feeding, seool
houses in summer and warm ones In
winter, and breeding only from the
best laying stock.
Evening journal., 1913-03-08
PROPER CARE FOR THE DUCKS
Good Plan 70 Feed Early Of Warm
Bran Mash, Cooked Vegetables
With Glover Clippings.

Supply plenty OF dry bedding and
keep the ducks shut in the enclosure
until about S o'clock in the morning.
A small pen can be built adjoining
their regular roostlng quarters, where
they can be fed and watered and kept
unmolested until time to let them out
1t is a good plan to feed early Of
warm bran mash. cooked vegetables
with clover clippings stirred in.
Feed about all they will eat OF this;
Evening journal., 1913-03-08

necessary. you will have TO use four
teen. with four pieces lengthwise
making a total OF eighteen pieces. a
cheap and durable and economical
gate.
In making the latch use any OF sew
eral convenient ods,-Burdine
Webb
Evening journal., 1913-03-08
HstehIno Eggs Small End Down

A poultry authority saws that II the
ege is placed on one side or large
end heavy yolk win settle to the bot
tom and come in contact with the
shell. which admits the air. II IL is
placed on the small end, it will al
ways have layer of white between it
and the shell.
Evening journal., 1913-03-08

at noon give half as much mash or a
small ration OF grain.
At night give a fair feed OF whole
corn. In severe weather give the corn
warm and as much as they will eat
up quickly.
Il is best to feed the breeders
bulky stun, vegetables, cut fodder and
clover.
They love to saw into cabbages.
and this vegetable is a cheap and ex-
cellent feed for either ducks OF chicks.
Meat must be given in some form;
they are more ravenous for meat than
are hens.
Craoklings mixed in the morning
mash are good in cold weather, but
lean meat or meat meal is preferable
as a regular diet.
Evening journal., 1913-03-08
cood nlstIrfeetant

The most convenient and cheapest
OF all disinfectants TO use in the Gel
lar is quicklime. It may he placed In
dishes. in bins or cupbosrds. OF scat
tered loose in dark, damp corners.
Evening journal., 1913-03-08
wIII aaIano. OWN n..l..

Hens viii lay better when fed those
foods which they like. II left alone a
hen will balance her own ration with
pslatsble foods. She does not like
------.zI I-sAtnx. ar hnoiled meats. stc.
Evening journal., 1913-03-08

will have pleasure enough during the
one season to repay the small cost.
Try one variegated variety, thus
getting a whole bouquet with no two
alike from the same plant.
Do not try to make too many roots
by subdividing. II Ia better to have
one strong than two weak plants.
Plant deep. stake and feed well.
The San Francisco call., 1913-08-24
THE CALIFORNIA
BANDITS

Some authentic account of the Mexi-
can bandit period in California should
be written, not as a romance, as such
affairs are usually related, but as q
record of the facts, which were mostly
concerned with cold bleoded murder and
sordid robbery. The late Harry Morse
wrote series of papers on this subject
for the Oakland Tribune during the
eighties, and these are valuable his
torical records worthy Of preservation.
Morse was sheriff of Alameda county
during that troubled period, and later in
life he was one of the men who rounded
up Tibureio Vasquez, who was hanged
in San Jose on March 19, 1875, for the
Tres Pinos murders. I have in my pos
session an account of the Tres Pinos af-
fair, in which half dozen men were
murdered in cold blood by the vasquez
gang for purposes of robbery. The
story was written from the testimony
OF eye witnesses. 1t was printed in the
San Luis Obispo Tribune and is too long
for reproduction here.
The San Francisco call., 1913-08-24
EITHER WAY
is DANGEROUS

Well. perhaps. There are two ways
of writing the history of your own time
and either way is dangerous. If you
saw wood and say nothing you are
cursed for neglect and lack OF insight.
II on the other hand you expound the
human interest and motives that ami
mate great affairs you tread on many
toes and the sore toes proceed to organ
ize and pass sets Of ringing resolutions
about you. That is what happened to
Hubert Howe Bancroft when he wrote
about the California pioneers. In writ
ing contemporary history you are
damned If you do and you are damned
if you don't. AS for our school his
tories, they have always been a bad
joke, competing for eminence in the
field of unconscious humor with our
school Biographies.
The San Francisco call., 1913-08-24
THE BIBLE
AND THE SWORD

Mr.. Davis quotes the remark made
by DR.. Josiah Royce of Harvard and
formerly of the University of Califor-
period and the Spanish conquest of
California that ''the official purpose
here. as in older mission undertakings,
was a union of physical and spiritual
conquest, soldiers under military
government cooperating to this end
with missionaries and mission. estab-
lishments." Mr. Davis characterizes
this scheme Of civilization as unique" !"
Scarcely that Indeed. the white mans
burden has usually been carried IN
very much that fashion everywhere.
Some epigrammatist has remarked that
British civilization has been extended
among what Kipling calls the lesser
breeds without the law with "the
bible in one hand and the sword In the
other" Indeed, such incongruous COM
binations are not uncommon under like
circumstances and we learn from last
Sundays newspapers Mrs. Daisy NJ
burden in the Philippines. who told
Judge Van Nostrand in support Of her
suit for divorce, II was compelled to
stand over a hot stove day after day
with baby on one arm and a cook
book under the other" She got her
divorce. The white wonan's burden
apparently is q form Of cruelty.
The San Francisco call., 1913-08-24
THE GREAT
| SNOW BLOCKADE

Who shall write the history of tn,
great snow blockade in the Sierra o
the winter of 1890, when trains wer,
stalled on the Central Pacific for weeks
and there was no communication will
the east? OF the heroic work OF tn,
railroad people to raise the blockade,
IT has been written:
General Manager J. A. Fillmore
did wonders in breaking that
blockade, and his work is remem-
bered by the railroad men who were
with him at the time. Recruiting
an army of 200 men in San Fran
cisco and Sacramento. he armed
them with snow shovels and trans
ported them to the top of the Sierra
to work under conditions that were
trying, to say the least, and where
the big rotary snowplow had failed
to work it's way through the big
drifts. No less than 81 inches of
snow had fallen In the mountains,
and In places the shovelers looked
like workers in a northern Culebra
cut.
They worked in places in tiers of
four levels" James Horsburg re-
called, Throwing the snow from
one bench to the next above the
track until the track had been
cleared"
After the blockade had continued
for 10 days there were II trains
stalled at Reno. Passengers were
asking for meal tickets. and the
supply of provisions had run SO
short that relief was sought from
Ogden. There were several cases
of loss OF life from exposure. and
1T was not until the first OF Febru-
ary that trafae had been resumed
over the blocked lines and trains
were moving once more through the
snow sheds.
In the same relation some collected
account should be written Of the grea
floods that in years Of heavy snowfall
The San Francisco call., 1913-08-24
HOW TAHOE
WAS NAMED

Jeremiah Lynch has written In hi
Senator of the Fifties'' an importan
account of the period before the war o.
the rebellion, when the Broderick ant
Gwin factions fought out their debat
on the question whether California
should stay in the union or side witt
the south. 1t was bloody and re
morseless feud that need not be gone
into here. But curious sidelight OF
the public mind Of that period appear'
from a tale told in the Grizzly Bear
the official journal OF the Native Sons
which relates how Lake Tahoe came t
be named in this wise:
That from apparently insignia
cant incidents, important historical
events are frequently evolved, is
well illustrated by an item pub
lished at the beginning Of the
month MAY, 1863) stating that Sur
veyor General Houghton, with the
cooperation of a Nevada territory
official, would start surveying
party OF 10 men and Is mules north.
and another party of 15 men and 80
mules south, from Lake Bigler. to
locate the boundary line of Califor-
MIA and Nevada. 1t was known that
the boundary line passed through
the lake, and how much of this
beautiful body Of water would be
California's portion attracted the
attention Of the public. The lake
had been named after former Gov
ernor John Bigler at the time he
was governor of the state. Just at
this juncture he wrote letter to q
democratic club in Yuba county re-
GREETING his inability to be present
in person and giving his views at
length upon the political questions
of the day. These opinions were so
offensive to the union men that q
proposition to change the mama OF
the lake from "'Bigler" to Tahoe"
was voiced by a majority of the
people and the press at once.
The Nevada City Transcript, In an
article reading as follows. seems to
have expressed the consensus of
opinion: 1T is proposed to drop tho
name of Bigler' from the lake In
the Sierras and adopt the Indian
name OF Tahoe Good idea! Why
should the finest sheet of water in
the mountains be named after q
politician? Let's CAN 1t Tahoe"
And so 1t was done. The nams OF
the lake for many years afterward
was a shibboleth to designate the
political afiliation of q speaker.
The union people unanimously
called 1T Tahoe" while the peace
democrats held to "Bigler," and the
writer has heard venerable citi-
zens. long after the cause had dis
appeared, show in the use of Big
ler" as the name of the lake that
they were still peace democrats of
the vintage of '63.
There is an odd parallel to this con
fict of names In the standing feud be
tween Seattle and Tacoma over tn
name OF the mountain that looks dow
on both cities. In Seattle 1t Is Noun
Rainier. In Tacoma 1t is Mount Tacoma
Even quiet and blameiess mountail
may be useful for advertising purposes