Evening journal., 1913-05-28

hoNU UnAJA AnOhhI NAAAhAhoA1hN'o I
so that II is money we'll spent to do II /
properly at first Sometimes the wet !
spots are caused by old sods, etc. be-
ing dumped into a hole; these places
had better be dug out and the hole |
filled with good material. In side /
draining, in many places It is possible |
to nick small openings every fifty feet
OF so, into adjacent fields, thus avoid
ing unnecessary washing by bringing
the water all to one point The old
material from the bitches can some
times be used by the neighbors, who
may help haul it away free for the
value It is to them.
"On many Of our roads 1t has been
the custom to make large breaks to
keep the water from washing the cell
ter of the road or TO pass II from
one side TO the other of the roadway,
but the number and size OF them are
out of all proportion to the need; and
as each years cleanings are piled
up at the ends they become much
higher there than in the centre, with
! the result that the water follows the
wheel or hoof tracks washes out the
road and goes TO the next break;
then the break is made higher, and
so on until the road is completely out
of shape and grade, being a success
sion Of dips and flats all the wag
down the hill. These breaks are dis
! agreeable for the drivers, hard on
/ the horses, and damaging to both
] -. fmNI frarr
very materially the load that can be
hauled up the hill. They generally
hold water and mud long after the
rest of the road is dry. which in
winter time becomes frozen and is
dangerous to travel They should be
eliminated as much as possible by
sloping off their shoulders and filing
the center both above and below,
thus making a watershed that will
answer all needs of a break. In case
of steep hills, where they appear alb
solutely necessary, they should be
made in the form of a frog Of a
horses foot, or of the letter V, with
the point up hill.
when needed to pass the water
from one side to the other. a culvert
OF pipe is better, which should be
placed diagonally across the road to
insure good fall and free flow. in
some of our Hundreds large rocks
are found both in the roadbed and
in the side cutters, in the latter case
completely blocking the water so that
the gutter consists of small stretches
without any outlets and remain full
of water long after each rain No
road can be kept in good order under
these conditions 1t is better to re-
move them at first even at some cost,
than to be continually repairing mud
holes caused by them; and besides,
the scraper or drag cannot be used TO
advantage until they are taken out.
At other places the bushes have en-
croached on the road until no cutters
remain. The same rule applies 10
them. During the winter contracts
might be made to clean out these gut
ters at a lower cost than at other
seasons. Whenever a stone is taken
cut of the roadbed the hole should be
filled with dirt and we'll rammed in
J place, as otherwise It is sure to get
} soft In wet weather. Any surface
| with harder material than that of the
roadbed should be for the full Width
of the travelled portion and should b'
, continuous.
! About Bad Roads.
Probably (sOl eight per cent. OF
all the bad roads land therefore oul
expenses) are caused by poor drain.
age or no drainage at all. and we're
we to expepd all our extra time and
money for the next several years IN
correcting this evil we would be doing
the best thing possible for good roads
OF course we must keep them pass.
able meantime but whatever money
We can save should be devoted tC
drainage, culverts. and bridges. A
I dry road is said to be almost always
a good road; this does not apply tC
: sand roads, although they. in places
= need side bitches.
q I'm using the scraper or road
machine. be careful to leave a should
er to the gutter, which can be done
Z by dipping the blade when making
. the first, or gutter cut; then round
: the road surface more or less to suit
I the material of the road; as a genera
thing, a clay road needs a greater
/ crown than others, say at least one
q C) inch per foot; so that on g
: twenty-four (24) foot road there will
n be a fall of twelve (12) inches from
' the centre to the side ditch. Do mo-
s scrape too much road at one stretch
e nut endeavor to finish up as far as
o yo1 go, for fear that part of the worl
= will have to be done over agar
It shoula it rain meantime. DO not leave
A guttes inside Of the old gutter, or
II if necessary to do so. nick small out
lets into ne old, otherwise the watei
= will be retaped alongside Of the roaC
and damageesit as heretofore stated
Do not scrapeAa stone road as thu
benefit derived ss Offset by the dam
> age done.
The Road Drag.
"The road drag has been found t
be one Of the most useful and eco
nomical Of all road implements; Will
It will not shape a roadhed il vii
keep one IN shape after one has beef
= rounded by the steel road scraper
By using these drags Just after
rain the wattr is squeezed out of tn
ruts. the roat has a chance 10 dry
and the surfate becomes hardened
II may seem at times that the road /
too wet, yet experience teaches tha
you can hardly tegin too soon. Fart
!. roads, even though properly made /
q the first place. soon get out of OF
der, and require constant care an
attention all the War round.
. THE following rpes for dragging
q road have been Formulated and ADOPT
= = ed in several States
y Haul the drag ovet the road at an
: angle so that a littleearth is pushe
= to the centre of the bad