davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Auttaja. [volume] (Ironwood, Mich.) 1906-19??, 1913-12-04
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Auttaja. [volume] (Ironwood, Mich.) 1906-19??, 1913-12-04

SO'eefferid fdittdmd farmi
mpptdn dnd boIno0a. Rpiptdd ID.
bemmin peier 2oi5e tito, % Gpons
Street.
Evening star., 1913-04-06

American aborigines from Cape Horn 10
Hudson bay. and the custom was imme-
mortal
But whether the cigar is senior to the
pipe or quid is a difficult question. Even
if the frs. reported use of tobacco was
in the form of ''firebrands it does not
follow that this was the Oldest form in
which the plant was used At the time
Of the coming of the Europeans tobacco
was consumed in one form or another
by the Indians from Canada to Pata-
gonia and especially in the form of
smoking. 1t was a habit that had been
practiced for such ages that the Indians
had no tradition as to its origin.
In an old account of how the Indians
smoked tobacco, as observed by CO.
lumbuS men. is this:
Investigation revealed that the fire
brands were made from the leaves of
tobacco, rolled and burned in a sheath
of Indian corn. and that the smoke was
inhaled for sensations of pleasure and
exhilaration. The instrument used for
inhaling the smoke was made from hol-
low cane. forked in the shape of the
letter ~ the small end being inserted
in the nostrils and the large end ap-
piled to the burning leaves.
There is appropriateness in the distinc-
ton of the Havana cigar OF course.
Havana cigars may be made of tobacco
from any part of Cuba, hence, it may
be true that Havana cigars should
really be called Cuban cigars, and the
cigars which the so-called civilized
world first knew about were made and
smoked in that region Frequent essays
are made by antiquarians to shsW that
the use OF tobacco was known 10 the
Chinese, or the Hindostanee. or the
Egyptian. etc, ages before the practice
was observed by the sailors of Column
bus. Efforts i'll this direction have not
been successful or impressive. In a bull
letin of the census of 1900. which was
prepared by John III. CARRIER is para
graph dealing. with this phase of the
Evening star., 1913-04-06

make the care OF the garden easier, on
account Of the fact that they need not
be planted every year. The lilac,
syringa. yellow Towering currant,
called by our grandmothers spice
plant" dicentra. iris and lilies. to-
gether with columbine., dianthus and
other favorites Of a past generation.
make a good list from which to choose
among the perennial plants. Lilacs.
syringas and spiraea make very good
clustering shrubs. and look best when
grouped by themselves. Yearly prun-
ing Is necessary to keep them in good
shape.
OF the low bushing plants, peonies.
phloX. dianthus. dicentra iris and lilies.
dahlias. hollyhocks and cosmos are best
grouped together. in order to keep
those of the same general height to-
gether The iris is one Of the most de-
sirable early blooming plants. its huge
cream and purple blossoms being es-
pecially artistic for decorative pur-
poses. There are many varieties of
lilies. but the flaming tiger lilly was a
favorite in the Olden days, the only
particular care for it being the trans
planting of the numerous shoots that
spring from about the base.
No garden would be complete with
out violets in some shady part Eng
lish vfolets bloom most freely, and the
blossoms are large and strong. The
ordinary wood violet. abounding in the
neighboring hills and valleys Of Vir-
ginia and Maryland. grows well when
transplanted. and its presence adds a
charming touch Of the woodland to
the garden OF the city dweller. Pansies
of mixed varieties bloom early, so that
later the bedding space may be used
for transplanting verbenas and petu-
Mas. which should be started in box
in the house. LarkSpur and bachelor
buttons are old-t plants that never
lose their charm.
Two modest plants that are favorites
with many are the forget -me-nots. with
tender blue blossoms and pink buds. and
heliotrope. with its fragrant blossoms.
These can he planted tastefully as bor-
der plan. or. in any event, placed we'll to
Ih. - -,snd fnL thei.. sllort 81 ~
Evening star., 1913-04-06

ing melodies. in foreign language.
and apparently referring to distant
lands and one whose memory he deeply
cherished.
Another strange part of this melan-
choly story is that John disappeared
as suddenly and mysteriously as
his first coming. The dogs deserted
the rocky kennel the clumsy abin
crumbled to dust but there still re-
main to recall his memory Cabin
John run" and Cabin John bridge
1t was during the time of slavery
that John lived this hermit Efe. and
the colored people OF that part of the
country feared him and looked upon
him with superstitious awe After his
disappearance they claimed that his
ghost or spirit could be seen in that
community any dark and rainy Sat
urday night This impression upon
them was so strong that there was but
little use for the old-time "patrole" the
last night Of the week
Some time during the year 1925 a
small piece of paper faded with age.
was found under dilapidated grain
bin in an old mill located on the banks
of Cabin John run, on which the lines
below were written in the English Ian
guage. but the writing indicated the
hand of foreigner. Many think that
John wrote and secreted the lines
there before his disappearance. for it
was his custom to come about the mill
a times when he was not observed ap-
parentiy to pick up few grains of
corn and wheat The little rhyme re-
ferred to is as follows:
"John OF the Cabin a curious wight
Sprany out Of the river one dark, stormy night: (:
He built warm hut in lonely retreat.
And lived many years upon fish ard meat.
When the last the creek had been
slain.
1t is said he jumped into the river again:
As no name to the creek by the ancients
given.
1t was called Cabin John after he went to
heaven.
Another legend credits the same John
with having quite different reason for
seeking solitude in this unknown retreat:
it asserts that he was retired pirate
working in the interest of a pirate crew.
or that he was in hiding for the time
being to hold and protect a large for
tune gathered by foul means for him.
self and associates upon the high seas.
The theory is strengthened by the
mystery which surrounds his every
movement, and because his ultimate fate
Evening star., 1913-04-06

should be added after the spading has
been done. and merely raked or worked
into the surface.
II the center OF the yard is not to be
planted to flowers. it is best to seed 1t
to grass mixed with good clover seed.
This can be done in April. and. if care
is taken. before August the grass Will
have a good start. Narrow paths can
be made. After the grass has a good
stand il will be hard TO KILL
For border, about two feet should be
prepared q bout the entire yard. II the
yard is surrounded by an unsighuy wall
or fence tall plants and vines can be
planted next the fence. Vines make the
most complete and be; tiful wall cover
ing. and many varieties of quick grow
ing. quick foliage plants may be secured
at any seed store, Cypress makes beau
tiful vine in a short time. but requires
the sunny side of the fence. For the
parts OF the fence wall that are more
continually in the shadow madeira vines
are adapted.
The tubers Of the madeira should be
planted in boxes of sandy loam in the
house in the early spring. and not trans
planted until all danger from frost is
past, for they are very susceptible to
cold. This vine grows to the height of
six feet. producing a dense foliage from
the root 10 the tip. Though the blossom
IS of little consequence. the broad, densely
green leaves are a refreshing sight dur
ing the heat Of summer.
Morning glories. moon flowers, elena tbs
and Towering beans are good climbers
and produce foliage quickly. The deep,
rich coloring OF the leaves of the flower
ing beans are an attractive addition to
the other shades of green of the border.
Clematis is perennial and comes in a
pleasing variety of colors. The large
nurple and white are the most salts
factory boomers.
Tall plants may be we'll arranged for
background of the BORDERS. The sun
flower, though a rough and rugged plant
answers very Well here. The plant is OF
specia! interest 10 children. for when the
huge, lively blossom has faded there are
the hundreds OF seeds to study. Other
tall plants. are cosmos. hnllrhOcks. dahl
Evening star., 1913-04-06
INTERESTING HISTORY OF THE CIGAR

jamestown that the settlers mere ensaS-
ed i'm the traffic and took 10 raising the
plant earlier than the records SNOW
In the United States. up to the time OF
the revolution, nearly an tne topacco Wa
grown in Virginia. Maryland and the
Carolnas New England began the com
mercial growing of tobacco about 1861
but finding the industry unprohtable. II
languished and was finally discontinued
Early in the nineteenth century tobacco
planting became the chief pursuit in
Kentucky and Tennessee, and continued
to be the main crop IN virginia ana
Maryland. Connecticut took up the cul-
ture of the plant about 1880, anu eastern
Pennsylvania central New York, the
Miami valley of Ohio and southern Wis
consin followed.
The cigar early became an arucle OF
commerce Homemade cigars were
smoked by Europeans in the North
American colonies at the same time that
pine smoking became common. Cigars
were brought into the American colonies
and into the United States from the Yves;
Indies much earlier than the records
show They came in under the general
head of merchandise" At one time In
the early history of this country cigar
making was an important industry in
Germany, and large quantities or Ger
man-made cigars came 10 the lpiteu
States. The first separate tabulation OF
cigar imports was in 1904, and in that
wear 100000 We're brought into the
United States, nearly all OF them coming
from the West Indies.
The first American cigar factory was
established in Connecticut in 1910 BY
ISa1 there were numerous small cigar
factories in Connecticut, Kentucky, Mas
sachusetts Pennsylvania Ohio. New
York, Maryland and Virginia. The first
tax levied on domestic cigars and other
tobacco products was laid under the in
ternal revenue law of 1862, which was q
war revenue measure.
1t is not generally known that tobacco
is grown i'm nearly every country in the
worId-England. Ireland France. Switzer-
land. spain. Italy, China, Japan, Cru-
guay. Argentina. Java and so on through
Ntreme northern
Evening star., 1913-04-06

is unknown. No one can now tell
whether John was Grieving in solitude
for some lost love or was guarding a
vast treasure from q pirate ship. Sc
cureiy hidden among the rocks and trees
And l., Will continue to be mystery
unless in time to come the hand of
fate Uncovers the secret of Johns care
and vigilance.
In the middle of the Potomac river
near the mouth of the Cabin John run,
is large white rock which shines
brightly when the sun strikes it. and
it can be seen for long distance. This
rock is called Johns Target. and it
is said that he. though specially skilled
with the gun. indulged in rifle practice
every few days by firing at this stone.
He could determine the value of his
shots by watching where the bullet
tstruck the water. and when there was
no sign in the water it was evidence
that the bullet had hit the rock. or in
modern military parlance. the absence
of ''ricochet' indicated that he had
made bull S-eye.
He spent a great deal of time on the
river in his crude, one-log canoe which
he had made from one of the large beech
trees cut near his cabin. While on the
water he always took one of his dogs
with him in the canoe but left the other
on the bank as d kind of sentinel to scare
off intruders or by its bark warn him of
their approach
An effort was made at one time to
"smoke out" John from his lodgings by
setting the woods on fire. but nothing was
accomplished. The water in front, the
stone side walls and the sod and dirt roof
ing gave him the necessary protection
against fire. This act only simplified his
work of gathering NUS after the forest
had been cleared of leaves. There was
but one approach to Johns cabin: the
creek was on the north and high stone
walls encircled the east, south and west
leaving only q narrow trail, difficult
passage leading from the northwest
His home was in a way natural forti-
flea ton.
Amos lher Indication that John had known
duty aboard ship is from the fact that
his legs, arms and body We're covered
with all kinds of tattoo marks. This in
formation was obtained from some boys
Evening star., 1913-04-06

of such antiquity that authentic history
does not record their beginnings. The
claims of certain European and Asiatic
countries to an acquaintance with the
plant prior to the discovery If America
by Columbus are not supported by ac-
cepted history nor satisfactorily demon
strated by the researches of the antiquar-
ian or the archeologist. 1t is fairly well
settled that tobacco is Indigenous to the
western hemisphere and that the abor-
ignes pract!ced its cultivation and use
from remotest times and spread their
knowledge to the rest of the world.
The tobacco smoking practice was early
taken up in Europe and spread with
greater speed than ma arked the introduce
zion and use of the potato. maize. tomato
or banana. Hernandez de Toledo Is credit
ed with introducing the smoking habit
into Spain and Portugal in 1853. bringing
his tobacco supplies from Santo Domingo.
From the peninsula the practice was car
ried to France by Jean Meet, French
ambassador to Lisbon. The year 1860 saw
the habit taking hold of Italy. Sir
Francis Drake and his men carried In
dian pipes and tobacco to England in
1888, and Sir Walter Raleigh made pipe
smoking fashionable at the court of
Elizabeth. whence the fashion naturally
spre ad over England. Snuff taking close
ly followed smoking. The habit of using
tobacco made conquest of Europe and
travelled to the eastern countries, and in
1910 the reek OF tobacco was mingled
with the other odors of ConstantinOple.
* X
The cultivation of this plant was about
the first thing the American colonists
turned their attention to upon recovering
from the gold fever. 1t is known that
John Rolfe. the husband of Pocahontas
had field Of tobacco at Jamestown in
1872, and it is believed that the plant
was cultivated by Rolfe and his neighbors
at an earlier date than that. The export
records Of tobacco from jamestown
colony appear to begin in 1872 and II is
reasonable TO believe that as commerce
Evening star., 1913-04-06

n ZEN smoke thoushtfully or thought
N lessly. BY some the cigar is look
ed on or puffed on as an aid to di-
gestion, as an aid to reflection or as
nothing but a smoke producer. great
deal of modern ref1ection-and 1t is mod
ern reflection that has achieved results
has been with the aid or under the in
fuence of the cigar. There is no dispo-
sition here to minimize the influence on
mankind OF the pipe or the quid, but the
present main consideration Is the cigar.
And. while men do so much of their
thinking while cigar smoke watts and
curls and eddies from their lips and gives
pleasure to their nostrils, is it not
strange that SO little of this thinking is
addressed to the cigar-that is, to its
history and to the romance and all that
which is enfolded and enwrapped in the
brown little bundle of leaves? But SO 1t
is.
The cigar has a long history. Tobacco
may have been used in cigar form before
it was burned in pipes. shifted as snuff
or taken as "quid' but on this point
there is no proof. Two Of the sailors
under Columbus on the first voyage re-
ported that they had seen natives of the
new-found world with firebrands in their
mouths and with smoke issuing from
their lips.
1t was found that these natives were
smoking the dried leaves of a plant hith-
erto unknown to the Europeans and
that the leaves were. rolled in a corn
shuck. On the second voyage of Colum-
bus natives Of the West indies were
found who pulverized dry tobacco leaves
and snuffed the powder up their noses.
This practice was discovered by Fran
ciscan friar, Roman Pane, who accom-
panied Columbus. In the voyage of 1902.
when Columbus reached the mainland of
South America. natives were found who
chewed the cured leaf of the tobacco
Evening star., 1913-04-06
x0EE

who stole through the bushes until they
We're very near John one summer day
while bathing in the creek. IL gives
strength to the idea that he had been III
some kind of sea service. Had he been
simply Maryland farm boy he doubt
less would not have been thus decorated
He rarely went to Georgetown notwith-
standing this was the nearest point for
trading purposes. When ii became neces-
sary for him to make a purchase at
store he would go to places farther away.
He sometimes went To Bladenshurg. and
would make circuitous trip through
Montgomery county. crossing what was
afterward the O'd National turnpike and
still later Georgia avenue extended, in
the neighhorhood of Silver Spring. In
most cases he would follow trails along
ravines and ridges which had been made
and used by Indians many years before.
Sometimes he would go to Alexandria,
Va. where practically all payments made
for articles purchased by him We're in
Spanish or French coins. The report that
he had a large sum of money on deposit
with a firm or financial institution in
Alexandria could not be verified the
writer has been unable to find any evil
dence of this kind in the old records OF
that ancient city.
When he went away from his cabin on
these brief trips he always left one or
the dogs tied inside as guard during
his absence. On one occasion there was
an attempt made 10 gain entrance during
his absence. but ii was scarcely possible
to do so without first killing the dog, and
this was not resorted to.
1t is related that the examination of the
premises after John left did not disclose
one single point which would aid i'm solv-
ing the mystery of his identity. except
that there was some evidence that he had
not made peaceful departure-that Is.
il was generally concluded that he was
forciby carried away or dealt with IN
some foul manner. This may me an that
when it was resolved to close business
on the high seas his associates came To
get their share of the plunder, and thai
trouble ensued in the $. settlement with the
''storekeeper.'' and as a result John soon
found a waterN grave like many OF the
victims of those flying marauders.
Evening star., 1913-04-06

Education in Paris few weeks ago. Ac-
ceptins this as practical advice, the citi-
zens Of Washington are specially fortu-
nate, for they have many advantages
and opportunities not enjoyed in other
large cities. as the suburbs of the Ma
tional Capital are provided with an un-
limited amount of ozone and sunshine,
fresh. free and invigoratins. filtered
through the health-producing virgin
forests which skirt along the many near
by winding streams where these health
the functions proclaimed by the great
educator-that is, to produce and mann
tain health. happiness and good temper
Thousands of the citizens of this city
need this medicine and they have only to
go out and gather it without cost. And
while thus building up their physical con-
dition and knocking off the corners and
rough edges of their temper their mental
horizon will be widened by noting and
recounting the many bits of interesting
history, industry, enterprise, past asso-
citation and progress of civilization which
crowd i'm on all sides. In addition to
this yariete for these tours of physical
exercise nearly every suburban section
is favored with Il wealth of natural
beauty and is tinged with romance or
heroic efforts of some kind.
There are a number of these sections
worth noting where the Washingtonian
can spend many hours pleasantly and
profitably by getting close To nature and
carefully observing the surroundings. One
Evening star., 1913-04-06

medium height and form a pleasing back
ground Of colorS
II it is desired to have woody peren-
NAL for the background. climbing roses,
lilacs. syringas and sp.raeas may be used.
The elm btng roses arc of several Var.e-
ties. the ones best adapted to the District
being the ramhlers, Of red. white and
pink. Nearly all tall plants and vines
toward the middle of summer become
ragged and unsightly at the base, and
for this reason 1t is best TO plant row
of low, branching plants In front. 1t may
be a single row Of red geraniums the
entire way around, and in front Of this
a narrow row of dusty miller or sweet
alyssium. In this way the border is grad
uated in height and coloration and the
best effect secured with the least labor.
II the entire plot is to be Used for
flowers. many beautiful effects can be
worked out at a minimum of expense. In
order. however. that the garden be a sue
cess, the gardener must be a lover of out
door work and have at least few min
utes a day at his or her disposal.
The soil needs richer fertilization for
flowers than for grass. If fence is to be
hidden the border should not be more
than a foot wide. but may be made in the
same general way as that described for
a border when there is no other garden.
A path about two feet wide should be
left just inside this border. The path may
be filled with gravel, or simply layer of
cinders placed over 1t.
In the typical old-fashioned gardens
the beds themselves We're not laid out
with any particular plan. They simply
were a riot of bloom, the brilliant scar
let of the geraniunl and the yellow of
the snap dragon contrasting with the
mildness of the lavender and the
anemone This makes the garden ia :
yorite of the person who has but linn
tied time TO spend in it, for once the
plants and flowers are gotten we'll start
ed all that is necessary is to keep them
free of weeds and occasionally water
them.
Evening star., 1913-04-06

7 1NSlGHTLY back yards are. for'u-
nately, unnecessary A few hours
work and the expenditure of but ii
small amount of money Will make the in
closure one of which TO be proud. Sizes
and shap pes OF yards vary according to the
location, and Judgment correspondence
viii have to be used as To the arrange
ment. II the yard has To be used as a
playground for children. coupled with a
place in which to dry the family laundry,
borders are the nost suitable and prac-
ucsl. If, however. the entire yard is at
the disposal OF the flower gardener q
typical fashioned flower garden may
be made. The garden will pay most sur
prising dividends in the way OF fresh,
sweet flowers for the table and tie home
IN general Unless the soil OF the back
yard has previously beer used for garden
ing purposes II viii have to be reworked
for the flower beds If it has been used
as general receptacle for ashes, cans
ana the litrer that IS sure 10 accumulate
unless extreme care is constantly used.
the entire yard will have TO be ''puri-
fed
This is beg, done BY turning the soil 10
a good depth with the spade, first sprink-
ling with lime. The pieces of crockery.
etc, then shoUid be removed. ana the sol
puiverizeJ and fertilizer added The prep
sra,ion of the soil for flowers, whether
for an entire bed or merely for border
aocur u walk or wall, sGould be precisely
Tie same.
Where possible. il is best 10 place 6
layer OF frGsl, loam over the bed, aitel
which tha fertilizer may be added. Il
the expense of this cannon be allowed
deep spading, with the addition Of fertii
izer. will suffice. 1t probably goes witnou
.ta+ tho -ferti,;ze- N r,~~.