Iron County record. [volume] (Cedar City, Utah) 1893-1982, 1913-06-20

are thus TO great extent eliminated
In cleft grating the vines are cut
of at smooth place near and prefer
ably a little above the surface of the
ground unless II is desired to have the
CRAFTS establish themselves on their
own roots. as II makes the removal OF
water sprouts and roots starting from
the scion much easier and lessons the
danger Of inJuring the scion before II is
thoroughly knitted TO the stock
Bench Grating.
In bench grating a smooth surface
for grating IL selected above q node
on the stock. The node keeps the stock
from splitting below II during the
grating process. After cutting or the
stock. whether a vine OF q cutting. split
It longitudinally with knife or shears
or. IL heavy vine, with chisel. In
cleft grating stocks not more than
an inch In diameter the shears can be
used In making both the horizontal and
the longitudinal cuts. TO prevent the
bruising Of the bark In cutting keep
the blade of the shears on the side
where the scion Is to be inserted To
prepare the scion cut with sharp
knife simple wedge, beginning at OF
slightly below bud and making q
long sloping cut toward the middle
and d similar one on the opposite side
Scions Of two eyes are preferable. Tc
insert open the cleft and push the scion
In firmly until the bud Is just above
the upper end OF the stock, takins
care that the inner banks OF stock. ant
scion ut closely. When large vines are
grated 1t may require metal wedge
to open the cleft In large vines two
scions, one on each side. are frequently
used
Another favorite method with small
stocks. especially In bench grating
when the diameter Of the stock is the
same or very little greater than that OF
the scion, Is the English cleft. split OF
whip graft.
The treatment given vines during the
FIRST years Of their growth largely de.
termines the profit and pleasure to be
derived from them. IL Improperly
cared for during this period satisfac.
tory returns are not obtained after.
ward.
Cuttings and Rooted Vines.
II cuttings are planted and the sup
ply is sufficient two I'm each place in
crease the chances of getting full
stand. Should both cuttings grow one
Of them can easily be pulled up with
out injuring the other. To protect the
cuttings from drying out plant them
so that the top bud projects only a
triAe above the ground
If rooted vines. either plain or graft
ed. are used the roots should be cut
back to three to four inches, depend.
ing on their vigor. Only one cane OF
the top should be left, and this should
be cut back to two or three good buds
II CRAFTS are used all scion roots and
all suckers should be carefully re-,
moved.
During the first year after planting
en-, although II Is perhaps a good plan
with vigorous plants, especially If the
season Is propitious, to rub off all ex-
cept the straightest and strongest Of
the young shoots that start. The fol.
lowing winter the vines should be
pruned and staked before they start re
grow, the size Of the stake used de.
pending on the method OF training
adopted.
BY the third year all vines should
have erect. straight stems. with two
or more canes growing from the prin.
cipai part. out Of which the head or
crown Is to be formed and from which
the growth OF the vine Is to be renew
ed from year to year.
TO prune intelligently the age. size
and condition OF the plant. the location.
climate. soil and other features OF its
environment and the principles gov.
erniDg it's life must be considered.
A statement of some of the more i'm.
portant of these life principles follows:
The sap flows with greatest force to
the outer extremities; the more mp.
right q branch Is the more sap flows
into 1t; the sap when abundant and ac-
tive produces wood; the more abundant
the flow OF the sap the larger and later
the fruit; the ascending sap grows
richer the farther it flows; checking
the flow of the sap makes the plant
bear earlier and produces more and
richer fruit The vine usually bears its
fruit on new shoots growing from the
wood of the previous year. The time
for pruning is in winter. when the
vines are dormant. They should not
be cut when frozen or while the sap is
flowing rapidly Summer pruning is