davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1913-01-23
FOREIGN MEMS.

| England, France, Germany and Rus
STA have determined to occupy Con-
stantinople and settle the matter. out
lpf hand unless the Balkan peace
ilcommissi 0ners come to an agreement
within the week. 'tf %
Mrs. Mary o. Bruguiere of San
FRANCISCO has decided to devote her
self to art. She intends to become q
sculptress of the impressionistic
school and has taken a studio in Paris.
It Is reported that King George is
dangerously III from heart trouble re-
sulting from chronic dyspepsia and a
severe cold. :. =. ~
A fire starting in a bazaar store
nearly destroyed an entire business
block in the center of Edmonton, Al
berta. The loss Is estimated at one
hundred thousand dollars.
A steamer In the English channel
hit fishing smack, sunk it, and caus-
ed the death of the crew of ten men.
Alexandra Millerand, French minis
ter of war, has resigned following the
reinstatement of French army Off
Ger. Millerand re-established him be-
cause of promise made by his prede-,
cessor, but realizing the attacks on
the ministry caused by the act, re-
signed.
The premier of British Columbia has
been advised of a plot to assassinate
him and blow up the government
buildings at Victoria.
The last horse omnibus in Paris has
been relegated to the scrap heap, and
in its place will appear a splendid
new lot of huge auto buses.
1t is unofficially reported that four
towns along the west coast of Mexico
have been captured by rebels.
So many girls have mysteriously
have sent out booklets of warning
telling all the details of how girls are
enticed away from home. 4
Emile Grigsby, ward of the late
Charles T. Yerkes, who was snubbed
by King George two years ago, and
whose wonderful beauty has faded of
late months, has left for India with a.
retinue of servants, where she will re-
main for some time studying the Yogi
doctrines.
A Russian banker has been arrested
for stealing $29,000,000 over a period
of several years, because infatuated
with Russian beauty. The banker
was aged, and had a family.
Kropotkin, Russian Nihilist, who
has devoted his life to freedoms
cause. and who is related to royalty,
is very Ill near London. He has been
an exile for years.
Mexican rebels caught a mail-car-l
rier and cut off his ears, then captur-I
ed five sheepmen and made them draw
lots to see which one of their party
was to be killed.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1913-01-23

claim an estate for the boy heir.
The women OF San Francisco are
determined to ofist Police Judge Vel
Ter becanse of his admitting to low
bal men who hate attacked girls. The
men generally skip town.
Chief White of the, San Francisco
police disrated two sergeants and sent
seven detectives back to street duty
"foE the good of the service.
A SAILORS lodging house in San
Francisco burned to the ground, caus-
ing three deaths. Fifteen people were
injured. The building was total
loss. -. ,..,,,s..--
John Eyre Nelson of Battle Greek,
Michigan, q descendant OF Admiral
Lord Nelson, and Of the duke of MARI
borough, has just died in England !
A 20-ton whale was killed near Cat
alma island after racing fifteen miles
with its pursuers It was landed at
Long Beach by the aid or drydock
Herbert Repsold, the wealthy young
San franciscan. who was jailed for
eight years for burglary, escaped from
San Quentin and has not yet been
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1913-01-23

enues, special police salaries and spe-
cial prosecutors fees.
Overland rains were held up by
heavy SHOWS and sliowsldes IN the
Cascade mountains.
The price Of citrus fruits In New
York has gone up with q leap as a re-
suit OF the recent freeze" in Califor.
mia. =, :.
Rich philanthropists are to furnish
the funds to back q national movement
to reclaim victims of the whiee-slaye
traffic. =. z:.s
Brigadier- General Edwards declares
that the cocaine habit Is rapidly
spreading among the higher officers OF
the army, and AYERS that the drug is
in some way supplied through the
mails.
Chas. Baker Of the First National
Bank of New York, when cornered on
the witness stand by the money In
yestigating committee, refused to give
the government q list Of thes banks
transactions during the last ten years.
Society women on horseback will
head the. parade Of suffragettes to be
part of the Inaugural day happenings
at the national capital on March 8.
Secretary of War Stimson Is to ask
Congress for $1,650.00O for the repair
of many buildings at San Francisco at
once.
{ The wreck on the Lackawanna rail-.
road near Corning, N. Y, last July was
caused by an engineer who was drunk
the night before and only slept three
hours before going on his run. Forty
people were killed. = 81
A Wall street syndicate is said to be
backing Mrs. Grace Gnggenheim in her
fight against her former husband, VIII
liam Guggenheim. III
The entire estate of the late White
law Reid, which amounts to between
$10, D00, 900 and 5000 600, has been
LEFT uncondi tiona1ly to his widow, who
is asked to make the necessary prOVi-
sion for the children. Il. 8 s8 &
Frank Munseys published sugges.
ton that the Prog 2ssiyes and old line
Republicans bury their. differences,
join hands and found new Liberal"
party, does not meet with much favor
with the leaders Of both parties.
Congressman Rodenberg of Illinois
has introduced a bill in the mousse ap-
propriating $2,000,00O for a United
States government building at the Pa,
a-Paciffc exposition.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1913-01-23
GENERAL NEWS.

Mrs. ). Borden ffarrfnar. az New
York society leader, whose husbands
health and wealth went at the same
time, is to open her magnificent Long
Island estate rs q rest cure" in an eff
fort 10 rehabilitate her fortunes
A New Haven hotel, where Taft Is
to live after his retirement from the
presidency, has ordered special s.
foot-by-9-foot bathtub installed in his
suite and wen braced underneath,
Donald gadWin. who was married
six months ago to Minna Jadwin,
San FEancisc0 society. girl, evidently
in q fit Of insanity shot and killed
his wife at dinner party, then turn
ed pistol on himself and committed
suicide.
Congressman ]. w. Weeks has been
nominated to succeed Senator Murray
Crane Of Massachusetts. The legisla-
ture was deadlocked for four days.
The presidential electors yesterday
formally announced their votes.
woodrow Wilson had 485, Roosevelt
IS, and Taft =.
H. w. Rogers secretary, Miss Har-
rison, who knows more Standard Oil
secrets probably than anyone living,
has fled to Europe to escape q govern
ment subpoena to testify
The Santn Rosa, first Of the w. x.
Grace passenger and freight steamers.
to ply between New York, San Fran
cisco and Seattle, will leave New
York on February s.
Judge IDyett, sghairman Of the Har-.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1913-01-23

camp at Yuba City have been arrested
on a charge of poisoning thirty men
TIE two were the only ones in the
camp who Wtre hosslill. ;. :.
Se*ea persons were injured in Sc
attic In bob-coasting accidents. Both
of the, disasters were from collisions
with street-cars. = Z. !.
More than 10000 signatures have
been obtained for a petition for an
election In San Francisco to get lower
telephone rates. 2 :. :
Trying 10 save her pet dog from an
interurtan dyer" near Los Angeles,
a young woman was killed by the troll
ley. =. -, =
California statistics covering the
last SIX ..Iears show that there is one
divorce, TO every eight marriages.
Most of the plaintiffs are &uinen !.
Desertien is the most frequent alle-
cation. Cruelty comes next on the
list. :. ~ -. II 9 ~ ~ :. :,
Captain L. F., Johnson, who lost his
life In the recent wreck of the Rose
Grams, is to be given military burial
at the San Francisco preside. He
was at the battle of Manila bay, being
one Of Dewey's signalmen {. I,
In an accident In San Francisco an
automobile driver was killed when lift
by a taxicab. One passenger was
slightly hurt. a
/ A hydro-aeroplane was used in the
hunt for the "perfumed burglar" who
escaped from San Quentin and Is at
large in Marin county. The search,
though thorough, has as yet been fu-
tile ~
Eighty-four tins Of opium were seiz-
ed on board the American-Hawaiian
steamer Arizonan at San Francisco.
A nurse has confessed to the substi-
tuition of q baby for the one that died
ii the Siingsby case. The mother,
wife OF a retired British naval officer.
came to San Francisco to have the
baby. It died. Another was substi-1
tuted without the husbands knoWl-
edge, who at once left for England to
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1913-01-23
WORLDS news Condensed
INFORMATION FOR THE CLEvELANDERS
Home and Foreign Dispatches Giving Worlds News
at a Glance. -.

riman lines, has resigned as head of
the ySoHtherR Pacific directors, to be
succeeded by Julius Kruttschnitt. This
solution plan. Il f.. ...
: Manuel Calero, Mexican ambassador
to the United States, has resigned, not
being In accord with the Madero ad-
ministration. ~
Former Mayor Eugene Schmitz of
San Francisco is being sued for law
tyeris fees in connection with the for
mer graft trials. So !. -. ...,.. =
A San Francisco man who had
some pickpockets arrested for steal
ing from him was caught by their
pals, dragged, and kept for two weeks
in restraint to prevent him testifying.
Representatives of Spain have Sc
lected a site at the worlds fair IN.
Mrs. Woodrow Wilson is. an artist
In oils, and three of her paintings are
on exhibition and for sale In New
York and Chicago. -
Sixty thousand garment-workers on
q strike In New York city held q pa
rade and massmeeting. so,
San Francisco police have uncover
ed some Italian buncomen who have
cleaned up 100000 in two years
fooling their countrymen.
The British government, reversing
its present attitude, has announced
that delegations OF suffragettes will
be received In the house of commons
WESTERN NEWS. Il
gst. ,,<,1,1r -, a q, 80
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1913-01-23

isroomy enough for you tosprawI about
in and that it gives no trouble on the road.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1913-01-23
Electric q Electrically Lighted

sells at $685. wifi electric cranke
device and electric lights speedometer clock top windshield
and 12-inch upholstery There IS nothing more to buy.
The "a" HUDSON six capable of doing Is miles an
hour and speed Of IS miles in so seconds from standing
start, Offered superior to any automobile on the
market regardless Of price. 1t sells at 450 completely
finished and equipped above. Prices ave b. Detroit
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1913-01-23

PhOtO-EngraTing Of highest grnde
can be secured from the Star.BuIIetin
Photo Engraving Plant.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1913-01-23
4e Ensipeers Build HUDSON Car

90 Engineers Build HUDSON Cars
enember the importance Of that Statement These men,
trained in 81 European and American factories had hand
IN building over 200 900 They combined their expert
ence and skin in pertccting the Neg HUDS6NS. 81
What better ASSURANCE could be offered than that these
cn who possess about all the knowledge that has thus FAR
been gained in automobile building, have joined in saying
!..The NeU HUDSoNS are the best We know.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1913-01-23

WESTERN NEWS.
The cook and his assistant OF q
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1913-03-10
.BE !.
EXPOSING
HUGH Z. SMITH IN MAKING TEsr
I, rs PAINFULLY INJURED WHEN
!. GAS LET'S GO.

On Saturday night About eish,
O'Clock. Hugh r. smith, cashier 81 the
bIonongahela Bank ID the. First ward
was severely but not seriously burned
about the face. neck and hands when
escaped gas In an apartmentSin the
bank building exploded.
Mr.. Smith. together with G. D. Rob
inson and Joseph Higginbotham. were
in the bank. when they were notified
that there was a bad gas leate in the
Carl Miller apartments on the second
floor of the building:
These three gentlemen Immediately
assembled to the apartment. where ii
was found that a gas chandelier had
broken some way. and that the gas
was escaping into the pom from the
broken pipe. The windows we're low.
erred at the tops and the lights turaed
out, after which a step ladder was Sc
cured and a plug placed lnsthe pipe.
3 cork being used as a plug until the
services Of plumbers couldjbe secured,
N4tr. Smith struck a match to see II
everything was all right. and the es.
capped gas which had not yet been
cleared out OF the room exploded, IL
sheet OF flame spreading across the
room, burning Mr.. Smith badly while
Mr.. Robinson was burned about the
hands. Smith walked to the Miners
hospital nearby. where his burns were
dressed; and where he remained dur.
ing the night.
The First ward fire department
which was called was not needed as
the fire was extingulshed before its
arrival.
Mr.. Smith is improved today.
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1913-03-10
Good Meeting.
DIR. RRlNlHsrooL GIVES a HELP
Full TALK At THE MASS MEET.
ING ATTY. M. c. A.. ai'

1. .. y
Dr.. F. Z. 'Brlninstool, ol Wheeling,
delivered q splendid address yester.
day Afternoon at the VI M. G A. build,
ing, reIatlye;to; the EvangelIstic cam.
paign to be conducted In this city, be.
ginning; early in April. DR.. 'Brinirl.
stool is aibsIlliant and enthusiastic
speaker and held the closest attention
ofstNes largest audience which has yet
assembledat one of these meetings,
Announcement. was made. at this
meeting. that ex-GoyernotA B.$White
would be secured to address the meet
Ing: next Sunday Afternoon. sr
In his address yesterday, Rev.
Brlninstool spoke in, glowing terms of
Rev.. Lyons, with whom he bass per,
sonal acquaintance. Rev. Bripinstool
made the statement that. he hoped to
visit Falrmont during the campaign
and hear Rev. Lyons. He predlctsdsa
great religious revival for Falrmont.
Rev. II. H., Pitser, one Ct the menl'
.bers Of The Lyons party, arrived in
the city today and met the executive
committee aud the various committees
in the campaign relative to the cam
paign. This afternoon he, held a meet
ing with the building committee and
tonight will meet all the committees
at the \. M. c. A. and complete pre-
liminary arrangements for the meet,
ings.
1T was announced in the various
pulpits yesterday that the tabernacle
would be erected at the corner OF
Third street and Fairment avenue and
the work on the structure will start
at once.
The usual .nelgltborhood prayer
meetings will be held tomorrow even;
ing in the various districts; Z,
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1913-03-10
Morgan
Enters Rest
FEM lkoNgB WOMAN OF FARM
ilseTois DIED SATURDAY AFT.
ON - FUNERAL THIS AFT.
ON.

~ ~ h - 4 - -,
MI IL x. ,.s.on aiod ~ co,,r
ssss Is : \. y ,Sono os.o. = I'm,
y n 4 ]; 6sharo,lo.,s wos tbo
Y III .,slsS 8 ~. daa,h bo,. Zines.
~ Z III .ss,,,, ~ a. aoniaort
HI Y ~, q, os.nhon ,.han Nc
1 \ s. & H. Il 80, h,y.v Coar,n.
.'tss s,,iss q y i: -, IT," :, Voc
/, / - al. .ooo,,o.oa ,ho
~ -. z. ,,, ~" -
Ia,,as s.om n,htoh sho
,fssl Y rs v
3:,,s 81 u .,.,ona.,
I'm :e .s ! I sa%sat ~, n,st,an
49, ,,'o;n,.w
AZ d. ,s s,sss ona w. ,,,noss
~ \, !. ssaa,snaa ,,,oh 49,
. Y. w Y = LIZ "na = Md H.
4. q ,TI.1I; o. had hsan
! 6. ( Z y So.oa,no,ton
q 1. III -. = q - =
I. ~ sss.!s; i:
deceased was IS. porn FeoruaES o.
81 ite1ep ~ fua. near FaFmI's
l ssE.S 4 was y aaas"'e' o' HiN'a'n'
'ia.l sfsssa ''aslerale' e"'l' 'esiue aas
q y ta q ounts on september J. iS0V'
sae we ast .ee' W.T. hcnFy l. "oE,
I Ita, aseS toSStne UNION !nFee CONS u''i
W. asag hters were porn. Iney ure
(, ~ A Sl rs 2, ras',''psto''
& ssll sslp1oye 9! gthe rnnSoe'pn'a va"
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1913-03-10
Death Claims
Miss Barnes
AGED RESIDENT succuMes TO
ILLNESS DUE TO A GENERAL
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT TUES
DAY MORNING. !.

Miss Phebe Harnes, an aged resi-
dent Of the city, died on Sunday MORN
Ing at 10 O'Clock at the home Of her
neice, Mrs. c. L. Smith, on Quincy
street. Miss Barnes had been in fail
Ing health for several months owing
to general breakdown ct the system,
and for the past two weeks had been
growing steadily more feeble. For
several days 1t had been known tina.
she could not rallysfrom the attack.
Miss Phebe Barnes was the daugh
ter of the late Thomas ard Elizabeth
Barnes, pioneer residents CT the coun
~, She was the last OF a family OF
SIX children. all OF whom grew to
man and woman hood, and who have
passed away in the last. decade.
Thomas Barnes, father Of the de
ceased, was the first postmaster this
side OF the Allegheny mountains and
he also operated the woolen mill at
Evansville, in which his descendants
are yet stock holders. Six children
we're raised in the family, namely:
John S. Barnes, o former member OF
the State Legislature and a prominent
business man; Newton S. Darnes' hus
fband of Mrs. Clara Barnes, OF this city
! for many years local postmaster
hwhose death occurred In 1902; James
Barnes merchant ana business man
| whose death occurred in 1910; Mrs
Caroline Fleming wife OF the late j.
Riley Fleming. who died in 1905; MIS-,
Ollie Lott, wife Of the late Jack Lott
whose death occurred In 1898, and
Miss Barnes.
Miss Barnes was resident Of this
section her entire life, and in her
Younger days with her sisters Mrs,
Fleming and Mrs Lott, conducted q
store in Fairmont, They acquired SOW,
eral pieces Of valuable property, on
which they later erected buildings, at
that tina the most modern in the city:
For many years. however, Miss
',:be had lived exclusively in her
, home circle, where she was q greatly
beloved member For many years she
had been member OF the NJ. P, Tom;
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1913-03-10
"A Splendid
reduction;

THE TALES FROM HOFFMAN,
PLEASED AN ;.APPREcIATIvE
.AupIEAcE.
Fairmont accorded the Aborn Opera
company a yeey small audience Sat.
urday night when "The Tales from
HoEmdn, an opera comiQue, was pre-
scented at the Grand. When the Abor1
company appear here earlier in the
season In II Troyatore." and made
good In, every particular before a largs
audience one wonders that second
opera, ranking with the former. and d
presepted3ppder the s. ne manage,
ment, should be accorded such scant
attention, ~. n; 49, $ %, .<'.
Saturday night, however, the audi;
ence, though small, which heard the
opera. was o delighted one, and were
llnstiptedAu their praise OF the action
Of the inlay, and the>yoices and inter,
probability OF the, cast. Probably the
greater amount OF applause went to
Morton Adkins, baritone, Mr.. Adkins,
who played the, villains part In the
three, scenes from the life o. Hoffman /
Espossessea:not only a ;wondertm, voice
but great dramatic ability as Fell \ CT IS
al the most striking numbers q the
score lwas4heS trio IL .w8t 4 4 ltpsI
sAleidss hassel sand Y
terror sang .@1llSa e
ereat nagpislc ance 81 scne I'd g
uHle
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1913-03-10
Died From
Long Illness
CHARLES G. NELSON DIED eATua3
DAY AFTERNOON AT HIS HOME
At hALLEck. H%

Mr.. Charles G. Nelson, aged 49,, Of
Halleck, and a brother OF George Mel.
son, of this city; died Saturday after,
noon atSthe home Of his mother, Mrs!
Malinda Nelson, at Halleck, after an
illness from uric acid poisoning.
Three years ago Mr.. Nelson was trou'
bled with a floating kidney and the
kidney. left was not sufficient to. per
form the Increased function after re.
.moyal OF the kidney. The deceased
was a son OF the late David and. Ma;
linda Nelson. lie spent bis. early life
on the farm where his parents resla'
ed. his father being one ofithe most
Influential farmers in that section.
Charles was educated as a druggist
and practiced his profession in Key:
SER West Virginia. Since contract.
ing the disease Mr.. Nelson had fought
manfully 10 regain his health. the
struggle enduring for the past several
years. For some time, however, It was
known that he would not recover.
Deceased was a member Of the. Ma!
sonic Lodge OF Keyser and of'the East
ern Star, Surviving him are his moth
er and several brothers and sisters
namely: Martin E. Nelson, chief
engineer Of the Atlantic Coast Line
with headquarters at Wilmington. n.
C.; Edward NJ. Nelson, a druggist AZ
Clarksburg; George Fl. Nelson, Of thu
Kenyon Hotel. this city; Roy and
John at home; Mrs. Bessie Boyer, Of
the First ward, this city, and Misc
ivy, at home. 'sf
Funeral services were held today
at ! o'clock frcm the Halleck church
conducted b. DR.. J. c. BroomGeld, 0:
the NJ. P. Temple A large number OF
brother Masons from Keyser attended
the services and the body was inferred
/ with Masonic honors.
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1913-03-10
You SAY Money
OfC curse You Do
Thsn Don't Buy Your

EASTER BONNET UNTIL WE HAVE OUR MLLihERN eREelN9
WHICH pATEWLL BE ANNOUNCED THROUGH THIS PAPER LA1Ea
IN THE WEEK E44AyE SECURED THE MISE SADIE
EbMoNps AN WHO has
HY MEssRs ARMSTRONG cATER& co. OF BALTIMORE
THE PAST TEN YEARS WiLL SHOW COMPLETE sTosh oS
THE LATEST CREATIONS IN HATS FOR WOMEN oR gu
pREN TRIMMED UNFRAMED WILL ALSO HAVE A-FulLktH
or FLOWERS FEATHERS, WREATAs FLAMs AND AIeRETEs
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1913-03-10
Dr,.Con Dead.
FORMER RESIDENT. 81, BAeNsr,
/. VILE DIED SUNDAY At NEW
SALEM, ,DE

Or. James D. Cox, forneE, resident.
of Barnsyile, died Sunday morning al
his home at New Salem. Pa. after, q
several weeks illness. Deceased was
the son Of the late MIR, a4a Marg:SIoss
Cox, of Evansville, and gpeentShIsI early
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1913-03-10
~ ~ ~ ~ !. : 'Ti
A.
SIR A
REV. ROSE, OF MouNosvILtE'
. 1srLRs THINGS VIGOROUSLY e: IN
*uP.RIvER TOWN. Z

J.
SUBMISSION, March 1o,-Yester'
daywas Decision Day in the Sunday
school OF the shinpston, NJ. e, church.
where a successful revival service Is
,veing conducted. seven boyseand girls
we're converted and eight, were hap
tieed into church membership.
Rev. Rose, OF MOund,syille, Is con
Quoting the service assisted by the
pastor, Rev. Mec lskey The meeting
Is, largely. attended By persons Of al
denominations and y DOING, much good
among church. members. and non
church, members, %! well. ~
. . . d. .
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1913-03-10

fined the usual amount. willie three
men evidently had lmbibed too much
spirituous liquor, and were each fined
81 and costs.
The dlsorderly arranged 10 pay his
fine and the three other prisoners
we're returned to the lookup.
ForIeits were turned in over satur-
day and Sunday for three disorderlies
and I've plain Lrunkc, making total
Of y arrests over Sunday.
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1913-03-10
{ |. court (
siaER ARE TRIED BEFORE
i IYoRs LIVELY THIS MORNING.

police court this morning four
Ell we're given trial, Of thes'', one
confessed 10 being disorderly and was