davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Lexington progress. (Lexington, Tenn.) 1884-current, 1913-10-03

to the state a great body OF land
adjoining the present peniten-
tiary farm. He Baxter is sur
viyed by his wife andtwo daugh-
tiers.
The Lexington progress. (Lexington, Tenn.) 1884-current, 1913-10-03

Dr.. Joplin aud wife are room.
ing with Mayor Hall.
The Lexington progress. (Lexington, Tenn.) 1884-current, 1913-10-03

A lady says-You have the
best -four, sold in Lexington.
She u,es--''G ilster's Best. I" For
sale by--Bennett & Joyner.
Charlie Ross 10 working in the
Sweat store for the winter.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1913-10-12
COSTLY TESTS OF
PRECIOUS METALS

When motor car manufacturers
buy steel varying in price from to
IS cents per pound, il would be ex-
pected that these metals are so free
OF flaws that all that would be nece-
sary would be their shaping into the
desired parts. machining and polish
ing. land that is the usual way"
said G. F. Mickey, distributor of
Stevens Duryea motor cars, with the
builders of the average automobile,
but the average practices are not the
ideals and standards of building
Stevens Duryea. They take nothing
for granted in the Chicopee Falls
plant. Steels may come from the f1n-
est forging shops and the most skilled
metallurgists, whose word would be
taken as a bond, but these reports
arc still further checked by the Stew
ens-Duryea company.
ITO receive the stamp of approval
the very heart of things must be got
at with all the adjuncts that the phys
cist, chemist and metalurgist fathom
steel--to the very marrow as 1t
were. There is no X-Ray that will
search out the minute blow hole, a IT,
ny fracture, or a non-homogeneous
forging. Nothing will do ii save the
modern automatic machine which,
turning off metal strip by strip, re-
veals the very soul of the forging.
1t is amazing to see what vast
amount of material must. according
to the Stevens Duryea standard, be
peeled off because of the tnscrutable
things which chemical and physical
agencies will not divulge.
Such metals and their method OF
treatment involve a cost which makes
their new car Real Connoisseur &
Car" and 1t is the only way that a
really fine motor car can be built
This care builds service into a car not
alone for the first year, but the many
that follow.
Even in the early days of the Ste
vens-Duryea, when the general stan
dards of materials and manufacture
were nothing like as high as those
that prevail in the works today, the
value of the company's product is
proven by the fact that 1901, 1902
and 1903 cars are running today in
the service of the original owners.
How long their latest car will last
can only be conjectured. If the lsol
Stevens Duryea, built to a standard OF
hardly more than so per cent of the
present standard, Is still doing active
( duty. after twelve years of service,
/ il would seem natural to suppose that
( this years model ought TO last "a
1 years in the hands of It's owner.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1913-10-12
Ioe Whittemore is
to Sing Afternoon
and Night at Empire

Starting Monday and continuing
daily, opening 10 noon to IL o'clock
each night. the Empire viii Introduce
for the first time In Richmond exclu-
sive motion picture service--a service
that win he distinct, separate and dit-
ferent from anything seen in Rich
nand heretofore, The General Film
company will furnish the pictures for
the Empire in future That In Itself Is
sufficient guarantee. The photo plays
viii he all features. two, three and four
part pictures, and positively shown in
Richmond for the first time, and when
shown on the Empires silver screen
by the perfect operators they viii be
seen for the first time in America,
There win he feature Vitagraphs,
with ALI the well known stars of the
company seen at their best, as all the
pictures are special; then there Will be
Rfographs, Lubins. Edsons, Essanays,
kalems, Pathes, etc. The Empire can
patrons tfr~-irrtr~
gram week ahead To impress the
amusement seekers of Richmond with
just how important this service is to
them, the Empire management an
nounces that money will be refunded
10 any patron that can say that pictures
seen at the Empire starting Saturday.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1913-10-12

covered with steel sheathing riveted to
girder framework. Intermediate gates
will be used in the Gatun locks In or
der to save both time and water when
small vessels are to be taken through
the Canal--the intermediate gates be-
ing placed 50 as to divide the locks
into chambers of either 400 or 600
feet, respectively. The value of this
can be seen from the fact that ninety
five per cent of the steamships are less
than six hundred feet In length.
Various kinds of safety devices will
be used to protect the locks in case of
accident, such as the misunderstand-
ing of signals or breaking of the tow
ing machine. One of these IL the
stretching of fender chain at the en-
trance OF the Gatun locks. This safety
device weighs nearly twenty-five thou
sand pounds. the diameter of the links
being three inches. When q ship de-
sires to pass. the chain can be lowered
into q groove made for that purpose
in the floor of the lock. The chain
will be kept stretched at all times
except when a ship Is passing. An
other precaution taken Is the two-gate
system. For instance, II the first gate
should be rammed and broken q set
of second gates provided for such
EMERGENCIES has been set I'D behind
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1913-10-12
s.: ADJUSTMENTS {:
CONTINUED from Third Page.

film manufacturers. In keeping with
policy heEun some time ago, Mr..
ToBey viii continue Tuesday and Wed
nesday as special feature days, while
In all probability another day viii he
named also, due to the enormous sue
cess Of this departure.
Next Tuesdays drawing card VIII
be the Klire-Cines feature. "Misgotteu
Goods" Il two part fllru. which tells the
story OF two thieves parading In the
best" society by day pnd rshahilitating
finances by night. on one Of their
jobs they find letter from n retired
sea captain suggesting that II the right
young man came along he might pre-
sent him with his daughter, provided
the young man possessed 81 title, And,
above all the captain added that he
might make "a handsome settlement
upon such a chap.
How one Of the thieves came close
Ia succeeding and how young naval
officer IN love with the girl exposed the
vnlainy after passing through many
adventures makes thoroughly de
liEhtful rale that never has a dull mo-
rpent
For "Wednesday an Edison filn, why
Girls Leave Home VIII be the feature
i az
Aside from the features mentioned
the regular run Of hish-olass pictures
will be displayed at each OF the per
formaucea. which arc continuous from
10 in the morning until IL Mt night.
( The price Of admission at the Theatt
remains THE same ays-five cents.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1913-10-12

Point. and the friendship which ex-
listed between the two officers while
they were cadets at the Military Aoad-
envy has continued on sho lEshrnus.
All the machinery and equipment
for mo building Of the looks had TO.
be especially constructed owing to the
unEr9ced entsd size of tho structure.
sixty feur cubic feet OF cement was
mixed at one dime. and In order TO &C
co npiish this eight giant mixers were
ted with send and cement and rock
poured from cars operated by cleo
trtcity. The carrying Of such a large
amount OF concr ute to different points
was no small task and four cable
ways had TO be suspended across the
lock site on towers eighty-five feet
high. Cars with s,sctrtcity as a mo-
tive power carried the cement to the
towers where IT was poured into huge
buckets. These buckets were tHcn
pulled UP and sent out on cables u a
point where the concrete was resdsd.
II was necessary TO remove about
i've salli+oa cv-ot5 yards Of rock tnd
earth IN order 10 prepare founda-
uon for structure 30 tremendously
heavy as the Gatan LOCKS and II was
oniy after the most careful borings
that the proper foundation was Sc
cured,
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1913-10-12
Floors Laid First

The floors OF the locks were laid
first and tho walls were built in the
usual manner by erecting steel forms
which were removed after the con-
crete had hardened. The walls of the
Gatun locks were built in sections OF
twelve yards and afterwards Joined
together Walls of concrete built In
this manner are said TO DO less likely
to settle and crack than IL built In one
continuous solid wall. Each OF the
locks Ia ono thousand feet long anu
one hundred and ten feet wide inside
the walls. The side walls are forty
FIVE to fifty feet wide at the surface of
the floor, are perpendicular on the
face and narrow from a point twenty
four and one-third feet above the moor
until they are eight feet wide at the
top. The middle wall is sixty feet
wide and each face il vertical. 1t In
divided in tive parts about forty-two
feet above the surface OF the moor
and fifteen feet above the top of the
middle cuivert. having space down
the centre like the letter u. This u
nineteen feet wide at the bottom and
forty-four feet wide at the top. In
the centre there " a tunnel divided
into three galleries. The lowest one
win hs used xor. drainage. the middle
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1913-10-12

for the wires which will carry the
electric current to operate the gate
and valve machinery installed in the
centre wall. and the upper will be
passa geway for the operators. About
three million barrels OF cement have
been used in the Gatun locks alone.
The locks will be filled and emptied
through a system OF culverts con-
trolled by valves arranged in such
manner as to d! .ribute the water as
evenly as possible over the area OF the
lock and reduce the disturbance in the
chamber while 1t II being filled or
emptied. IT Is expected that the filing
or emptying can be accomplished in
about fifteen minutes and that 1t will
require one hour and a half for a
vessel to pass through the Gatun
locks
Giant Gates.
The steel gates used on the Canal
are sixty-five feet long and from forty
seven to eighty-two feet high and weigh
from three hundred and ninety TO sew
en- hundred and thirty tons. They are
built with interior cells. at the bottom
with air cells to assist In their manipu-
lation and at the top with water cham
bers to increase their weight as the
water rises in the locks. The leaves
are sort OF shells Of structural steel
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1913-10-12
Lunch VS.. News Leader. at $40.
Standing of Teams
|Nv|NC|blES WIN
FROM HIGHLAND PARK

The Invinclbles football team de-
feated the Highland Park team yes
terday afternoon by the score of -
to 6. The game was well played and
fast throughout. the Invincibles having
the better of their opponents in all of
the contest except the very nrsr tew
minutes of play.
Litchenstsin, RuskeIl and Mont
gomery did creditable work for the
Invincibles on the offense. while
Brumble. Hoover and Rogerson show
ed to advantage on the defense, For
Highland Park the best offensive work
was done by 0'Brien and Goodail.
Car ter and Quarles at tackle did we'll.
Goodall scored the first touchdown
of the game. In the first quarter.
L.itchenstein carried the bail over for
the Invincibles in the second period
and placed his team ahead when his
caught a forward pass and scored in
the final quarter Okeefe also went
over the line this period. once on a
forward pass and the second time on
a quarterback run through center.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1913-10-12
me (H17o03~ .ZpxXYay
II Co2Coe<e Zxx7ed C2117k7S<
700 (aei LonS 1raQ as (Sex NIoz,

the nrst. Even II both sets should DO
demolished provision has been made
to have in readiness emergency dams
which can be swung out over the lock
and forced down through the rushing
water. These dams. built OF steel. are
open at the bottom and steel plates
can be showed down gradually closing
the openings until the now u stopped.
In case OF such accident = floating
caisson would be placed in position
and sunk completely. shutting out the
water from the lock. The Dam
could then be raAaed and the repair
work be made. However. such An ac-
cidsnt Ia unlikely owing to the method
by which the ships will BIO tpwed
through the locks.
Where Is The Dam?
misunderstood as we'll a. the most
criticised part Of the Canal work. and
even today the laymen who visit Pan
anna will frequently inQuire-''Where
is tho dam ?''--when he Ii actually
standing on top Of II, for there IL moth
ing spectacular in this low lying ridge
which does not look In tho least like q
dam but more like the sloping bank
of a pond. The natural topography
of tho country at Gatun permitted the
Chagres River to escape into the Car
ribean Sea through break in the
mountains. Two valleys were formed
at this place by a hill which rose in
the centre to an elevation OF one hun
dred and ten feet. II seemed to the
engineers the logical point for the dam
which now runs from the 0atun looks
to this hill. and from the hill to the
mountains. covering in all distance
of one and one-hAlf miles. The in
terror of the dam Ia formed OF . nat
ural sand clay dredged by hydraulic
process from pits above and below the
dam and placed between two largs
masses OF rock and other material
from steam shovel excavation at vAsi-
Gus points along the Canal. II - near
ly half q mile thick st the base and
three hundred and ninety eight fsst
where the water surface strikes IL
and one hundred feet Wide At ths top.
AZ the Chagres River every yeaT
discharges enough water to MI ths
lake some means OF disposing OF the
surplus water had to DO provided, and
for this uurposs- > apuiwaS was con-
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1913-10-12
SCIENTIFIC BUYER
LOWERS AUTO COST
MOTORING PUBLIC OWES GREAT
DEBT TO THE sErIA4ED PUR-
CHASING AGENT.

Between the engineer who designs
an automobile, and the manufacturing
genius who builds It. there intervepes
a step, which. while never of a spec
tacular sort. il nevertheless Of Nigh
y Importance. determining TO a great
extent. the price at which the car
be probably sold.
This step Is the purchase of mate
rial. To the man under whose d.
rection this task is performed the
automobile buying public owes
large share Of the increasing value
that Is being put into the popular
priced American automobile.
The purchasing agent Is the spec
islist In values Of materials. He
knows the reputation Of every large
maker OF materials, and the capacity
Of his plant He is veteran student
Of human nature--wary, resourceful
and Shrewd
An example Of scientific buying
ability is Chester Reynolds. through
whose department the Studebaker
corporation buys annually many 1tlfi-
lions of dollars worth of supplies, va
rying in value from the pencil OF a
stenographer TO the most costly au-
tomohiie materials and equipment.
Mr. Reynolds experience dates
back twenty years 20 his first Job
in the purchasing department Of the
Studehaker plant in South BEND. HIS
transfer TO the automobile plants in
Detroit occurred several years ago and
implied a change IN detail only,
Backed by the immense Studehaker
buying power, Mr. Reynolds daily
entertains an interesting series Of
callers at this Office In the Detroit
headquarters.
Representatives of the hig steel
mills: statesmen Of high grade leather
and paint; builders Of automobile
equipment. manufacturers of ma
chine tools and a host OF others com
pete for the studebaker business
Guided by q definite policy, Mt
Reynolds sits in judgment. He must
he satisfied regarding quality; If there
is any doubt involved, the Studebaker
laboratory determines that ny analy-
sis and experiment He must be sat
listed on the sellers financial stand.
ing and ability to make deliveries ac-
cording to schedule. He must he sat
isfied that the price, finally agreed on
la reasonable but Will still allow the
salesrnans firm a margin of profit
This last provision makes il necessa-
~ for him to know the last word re
garding manufacturing cost.
The experienced salesman is fulll
aware OF all these conditions. II,
knows also that the Siudebaker con
tract Will mean continuous opera
ton fer the manufactures he repre-
Eents, and successful season, as (
result Just hos great "A saving Thu
rapresents- tn-tha-. 4s4s-c 4a~.s@s--44 +-++aE'-
may be imagined from the fact that Z
manufacture of material or equip
ment is almost always ready 10 quote
on pieces ordered in lots Of 10000
price approximating one~third %
less of what is charged for the Sam
piece at retail list.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1913-10-12
LOSES TO
EASTERN HIGH

MANASSASh VA, Oct lin a
hard fought football game here today
Manassas Athletic club went down TO
defeat before the eleven from East
ern high school, of Washington, by
the score of IL to 0. The game was
Manassas first this season, and the
creditable showing made has been
taken very joyfully by everyone Ma
nassas was greatly outweighed. and
considering that the team was made
UP of green material they played ex
cellent football. Next Saturday the
local team will probably meet Cul-
pepper high school
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1913-10-12

structed. This 10 q concrete lined
channel two hundred and eishty-fivs
feet wide and nearly twelve hundred
feet long out through . hill Of rock
nearly IN the centre Of the dam. the
bottom being ten fss< above the 50
'lsvel At the upstream end and sloping
to the sea level At the toe. On the
floor concrete dam WAS built 70 the
height Of sixty nine feet In the shape
OF senA-circis. Piers were construct
ed ON tho top Of the dam with an ~.
ransement for steel rates which win
be operated to regulate the dow Of
water ont OF the lake. One hundred
and forty thousand cubic feet Of water
per second can escape By these gates
from the spillwAy. This water, how
ever. will not be wasted for It viii b
used to operate the turbine engines
which In turn will generate the cleo
trio power for various purposes.
Immense Size OF Lake.
Gatun Lake with impound the w.
tiers Of = basin comprising thirteen
hundred ana twenty square miles and
covers an area Of about one hundred
and sixty-four square miles. During
the eight or nine months Of the wet
season the lake will be full, conse-
quently . surplus OF water will pssd
to be stored for only three or four
months Of the dry season. This will
not be dinncuit ~ canal navigation
can bs carried on with thirty-n nine fcst
Of water IN the lake. The engineers
at Panama, are Of the opinion that
even in the dry season. making due
allowance for evaporation. ssepAgs.
leakage 1t the gates and power con-
sumption. there would b ample water
for ct least forty-ons ship passages
daily. A. the average number Of
ships passing through the Sues Canal
daily. In summer. IL only twelve. II =
not likely that moro than three times
that number win use the Panama
Canal
The great walls Of the 0Atun locks are
IKE = chain Of giant skyscrapers minus
windows. the huge gatss stand ready
for man to touch the button 70 send
them on their mission. the lake - rap
idly iilling and the water - ceming
ovar the spiilway, Colonel Sabsst's ~
bors are nearing the end. tor the work
ct Datum u mr. ahsAA Of that Of the
other naxx nkzAs Canal
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1913-10-12
BOWLING
nv G /. COSBY.

The games last week in the Palace
Duckpin league were very interest
ing and exciting. The series Mon
day night was won by the Palace
team defeating the Richmond Lunch
team in three games. Wednesday
night the strong Nirginian team won
three games from the Times-Dis-
patch team.
The games this week are expected
to be interesting, as several strong
teams face each other for battle
Many nigh scores and averages
were made during the past week.
The Palace Fall Tenptn league will
open up it's season Tuesday night
October 14th. with the Bishop Shirt
company and Battle Axe teams lined
up for battle.
Both teams are expected TO be In
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1913-10-12

II " divided intS two oiasse@---ds-
St<ucttve and constructive. The
- digging Of culebra Cut, where
nnt0issssans had TO be torn Down and
rfasoTcd 10 known sc the destructive
ssct3cn. while khe lock and dam buiid-
snG 10 in the constructive claas. Gatun
- perhaps the best place to study
woN OF this latter character. fer II
u at shas, point that the greatest num-
Der Of locks 10 be used TO lift the
ships fras-a ecean 30 OCEAN have been
built The elevator system on the
Panama Canal Ia intensely interesting.
for the locks are elevators in every
sense Of the word as they raise tine
ships 20 ana lower thsrn from the
great artificial Inland lake. which LIS
eigtty-fav~ feet asSve ate SEA level
SIX Double Locks.
There Ars s.x double locks in all
one pair ct Pedro Miguel, two pairs
at hirAcorsa ard three pairs at Gatun,
The lAstsr havs the greatest lift and
are almost sntirely completed The
elevation at this point Is eighty-flv
feet saA it IN attained by three locks
built like staiT~teps. The ships going
Through The Canal will first enter
Lraor Bay. where the width Of the
chagsasi In Approximately one thou.
sand feet. the openings being protest
I'd by eonvergtng 3stt!ee- Ths channel
from this point TO the mouth at the
; Mind! 2tvar. where tbs Ca1al proper
begsns---a distance OF fe1vr and one
, half miles. hsA 4 bottom width Of fvs
hundred fee% and Ia icing 5radged 10
@eptn Of scrty feet The lower
Gatnn lock vii! be ea.oSeh after the
stiE has passed through seven miles
Of wAksr under .tA own stearn.
Tns Gatun iocky are connected
f'SlntnS solid piece OF masonry and
making concrete wall Of consider
ably more than half rsstls in length
-satd to be the longest wall of iu
kind In the world. The first conorets
for thess locks was lasd on Auaust
~, 1903. and since that time the work
has progressed without interruption.
Colonel William l. 9ibsrt one of the
most brilliant men OF the engineering
corps Of the United States Army. has
been in charge OF the Atlantic Division
ct TIE Canal since 1907. and It was un,
Ger his personal supervision Mar the
satire section w'so bsfit. co.onai 81.
ssa-s wnS : ctaSsrnats Of Coionsi Cell
iAgs<fxas -Aax. GuishrA G2.l at West
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1913-10-12

High team. one game-Journal'
$50 High score--Anderson l4l.
High average. r. Anderson,
games f14.5 average. High team,
three games-Journals. 1904. High
total three games. individual player
j. B. Anderson, 800,
Games This Week.
Monday. October 13th--Palace vs.
FirEinians. al S:3o.
Tuesday October l4th-Opening
Palace Tenpin league--Battie Axe VS.
Bishop Shirt Co. at $40.
Wednesday. October 1hth--Tlmes-
Dispatch VS. Journals, at sac.
Thursday, October 1sth---Western
Union Telegraph Co. VS.. Jacobs d
Levy, at $40.
Friday, October th-Richmond
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1913-10-12
LYNCHBURG HIGH
DEFEATS DANVlLLE

# NNeeeHBt5fetff, = Y n, Oct -
Danville school for boys was over
elmingly defeated here this after
noon by Lynchburg high school on the
gridiron by score Of 81 to 0. Danville
was unable to make downs a single
time, although outweighing local team
considerably,
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1913-10-12

have been shown In Richmond hereto
fore.
AS an extra attraction, Joe white
more. tenor soloist will sing twice af-
ternoons and three times nights.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1913-10-12

fine condition and nothing but a good
showing Is looked forward to.
Thursday night, October 18th, The
Western Union Telegraph company
and Jacobs & Levy teams will battle
for honors
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1913-10-12
Howthe Gatun Locks and
Dam Were Built The
Safety DevicesUsed To
Protective Canal How
the Locks Will Be Sup
piled With Water From
theGreat Artificial Lake

oEE work On the Panama Canal
" divided icto two oiasses---de-
Stxucttvs and constructive. The
ft~wfnH ~ r4rfa hpa C,st Sghara