davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-02-13

what has happened in this case. p.'
what in general j. the relationship
/ bel tween international and domestic
law. between local laws and foreign
treaties.
The easy reply j. given. ~ c"urSe'
/ that care should De taken never -
/ have them clash. That goes Wlih"ul
| saving: aud 1T is recalled that u was
rarity with that end in view thai me
I Senate was invested with >tpeiNl"i""
over treaties. II was assumed lN u"
r,udcnt makers of the constitution
that the Senate ~ u treaty haklh-
body ould refuse ratification L"
treaties which were offensive I" pfIh-
cirlo> of domestic law. and that -
legislative body il would refuse enact
mcnt of bills which would violate eN-
/ i,tiu. treaties That was II me ihcoT! e.
p and il has often been effective pl'
moi ALWAYS The trouble il that il Is
merely potential and not imperative
And even Senate Of the United States
< not always superior 10 some OF 'h'
flaillicS Of humanity.
The pertinent question is what
Should be done when il is di>c"V'r''
/ that 4 conflict does exist between ma
/ tional law and international 'r'"'''
ana there is mulch 10 hc said IN faN"F
If answering il 10y giving precedence
to The treaty. That i because "i 'n'
+ essential difference between tie wv" III
( tlc method Of making and therefore 81
repeating or modifying them. y law
+ +, tho nroduct of u single party. the
I government of the one nation. ana 1t
+ may therefore he repealed or alteI'u
4, the will ~ that same single party.
I Hut "A treaty j. The product "i Two
J senorote and independent Int equal
! parties acting together. aud therefore,
unless rs specially provided. II l. i''
! to be- a5rogatcd or modified ih any
+ other way than that by which II was
n.adc-namely. through the mutual as
sent and action Of the tWo-or more
sicnatory pan ties. That does not ie'''-
Sarilv mean that q desirable domestic
( law IS perpetually 10 he barred 10y II
+ treaty but at most simply tiat II -
/ 10 be- DELAYED until The treaty can pN
I legitimate means he got OH "l me
way. II we are ever 50 needless anu
+ indiscrcal rs 10 make = treaty mat
/ flashes with q domestic law which is
( essential 10 our welfare we Nh"O''
seek modification or abro@all"n 81 NJ
bnl we should also m1nfully pay the
rcnalty by letting the law wait hn'h
! tI,ot chance of treaty IL effected.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-02-13
THE PANAMA EXEMPTION
Public Opinion Overwhelmingly
AGAINST L.

10 the Editor Of Tho Tribune.
Sir. No one who has taken the trouble
30 ascertain the drift of American public
opinion (as the writer has) can have an
doubt that il Sc overwhelmingly opposed
10 the exemption OF our own shipping
from Panama tolls, and for the reason
that Willingly or unwittingly, the eA-
emption is a violation Of the plain letter
Of tho Hay Pauncefote treaty. Senator
Root, i'm his great speech OF January 4
10 which there have been several replies,
but no answcr-showed with pltiless array
OF facts that the exemption not ONLY vlo-
lates the letter Of that treaty. but the
spirit of all our negotiations with Great
Britain ana all our professions Of world
patriotism from the beginning. One need
not remind readers OF The Tribune that
John HAY was no careless user OF words
in hls literary work. and this habitual
trait was no; modified by his assumption
If dpiomatlc responsibilities. Tho con
science Of the country is aroused on the
question OF the national good faith. and IL
is aware that every day that passes with
tho exemption unrepealed is settling into
n ANlufl f4iOtIA iiif A'itf " At'i VI .hA 'r-it
crs that az government We are indiffer-
ont 20 the important questions involved.
There are several reasons why the mem
hcrs OF the New York Chamber Of COM
mcrcc should speak in no uncertain voice
at its meeting Tomorrow. one il that the
movement for exemption originated with
;he Pacific Slope Chamber OF Commerce,
a.. eftRI.N
lad not been widely considered. two other
large commercial organizations If New
York were committed ia favor 81 g. 10
having been demonstrated that the press.
Che universities and colleges. the c!ers,
and other professional; classes. by a very
large majority. are in favor OF the repeal
II would 10 most unfortunate II the COM
IrerCiai classes of this country should
seem 20 be less sensitive To- the public
faith and prestige Nor should the New
York business communty-of whose
standing and achievements We are all
Droud- permit Itself "a be- mlsrcprcscnted
bv thos. who. on spccious grounds Of pol
icv. play fast and loose with tic public
credit IN such a matter involving. AZ IL
does. the advantages Of trad" which are
dependent on credit and prestige. the
business man should cad rather than fol-
low
The sentiment OF the country is uumis-
takably repeal or arbitrate Repeal is
preferable to a long course OF deferred
arbitration. during which our reputation
among those whose trade We want Will
sian further suffer.
The members of the thamber of COM
iacrcc should rally To- the support az Sen
ator Root in terms which shall leave I'D
doubt in the minds OF foreign nations OF
he attitud" of NcW York
An AMERICAN.
New York. Fob. j. 1915
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-02-13

from the fact Of the JOY and expansion
there l. ia the little time den minutes
the public school course takes each DAY
for the work-the sense OF individuality
and initiative that goes with IT and the
contrast with the routine work that be-
longs 10 the regulation studies.
Rather than curtail the study OF music
I'm the schools Iand which must be tech
meal 70 a large extent let the schools
broaden the system so that music sha
not only be a recognized and necessary
part OF the courses. but through the
guidance of competent head-not mel"
musical peda eogue--it shall become ore
OF the most culturaly possible depart
meNtS OF the school system.
Results are not to be gained by ourtail-
ment. but by standardization and efflclen-
~ under competent and enthusiastic lead
ership
II is hoped your columns may take 4
prominent place in opposing the proposed
action.
WILLIAM BURNETT TUTHIiL,
Secretary Oratorio Society Of New YORK..
New York. Feb. II, 1918.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-02-13
THE POTENCY OF MUSIC
Mr.. Tuthill Makes Plea for Sight
Reading in Schools.

10 the Editor or Inc lfloIhe.
Si,. # ,ppears that an effort IL beng
made to modify the well planned system
of music study i'm the public schools by
taking the sight-rcading courses from the
earlier classes The children OF these
earlier classes. and So OF earlier years.
thus fail 10 get the training in their most
unreasonable period especially for
music.
II is hard To discover any reasonable
explanation IUr the proposed action III
Is said that there is too much technical
music in the schools. which means that
there is a smaller output in tunes. Tine
same attitude is the one too often taken
bv ambitious parents whose chlldr, n
study the piano or violin, Ia get Oh 10 Il
piece" as soon as may be, long before
any competent documentary technique -
acquired. This is called getting results
II IL ihst this technical part Of tie
training i'm Ia, school world that is the
real educational. part-thc real reason for
its existence at all. 1t Is not diffusion
of efiort-rather a most notable form Oh
concentration which is the real essence
of education. Just as essential 10 culu-
yation that is to become broader. as the
routine acquisition of the alphabet or
words of one syllable is to any later com
potency IA literature.
There is in the minds of many AN old
fashioned notion that music il an accom-
plishmont. neither necessary In happy liv-
ing nor to business. To such II Is recon-
mended To visit some centre where music
Is made almost the stan of life, and note
the effect that its study has upon the
very youngest of those whose natural
musical sense directs them Ia IL. The
Music School Settlement is Il case In
point II is a broadening and illuminating
example of music as IA reality in the lives
of the shdcnts-potent for good and not
having the slightest relation 10 music as
an accomplishment.
And while this school makes music it's
particular function it does not detract
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-02-13

freely admitted, SAYS "The Journal of the
American Medical Association" tht the
cultivation of physical intelligence FUR
nishes valuable asset to man IN deVei-
oping coordination and promoting heal'h
and happiness But when the results oi
vigorous sports or eXhaustins struggles
arc involved something more than par
donable pride in an expanding chest ana
swelling biceps should furnish the suld-
Ing motive
Assistant Edifor-We'H have to send
that Young lady's manuscript Dach' i'c'
STORY T. too pathetic for our pages,
Editor Sprinkle a few drops OF Wntei
over H. she'll think they are tear drops
Boston Transcript.
Al a recent meeting OF the CITY rathefs
~ Vienna n committee reported tha''
despite the warnings that had gone loft"
on the subject, women continued 10 "ea'
dangerous. long hatpns. ana thaI siil'e
its last report the committee had near" ~
az cases where the authorities had 10 aV'
against vearers of the sharp menace.
Following the reading Of the report 4
resolution was raised making II misuF-
meanor. punishable by imprisonment Vi
from six hours 10 fourteen days or a me
Of from . 10 200 kronen, To appear IN any
public place or in any public conveyance
wearing an unprotected protrudlng hat
pin. The ordinance was based on a mu-
nicipal law. passed in 1851. which mad Tor
IFS object the protection Of HE ana
limb
There arc few disappointments III tne
world like that felt by the woman VIC
has a presen,iment that something II
going 10 happen when it doesn't Phlia-
delphia Record.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-02-13
PROBATION.

PrecautiOn is fittingly made the order
OF the day by our government with
respect 10 Mexico. Such public care
I, one of the fundamental functions
Of government. hut the greater the
emergency the greater is the measure
Of precaution and preparation de
handed \ nation OF fifteen million
oeople. abutting directly upon our own
territory for hundreds of miles. is in Il
condition apprOXimating anarchy. The
streets and national buildings Of its
capital. a city Of half a million people.
are the scene of civil war. ilund. eds
Of American lives ana millions Of
American property are in jeopardy.
These are conditions calling for in
slant readiness for any action which
an extreme emergency may demand.
There is another consideration Of i'm
vcuance. Mexico contains also many
people of European nations, who have
extensive investments there. There is
much anxiety, by no means grOundlcsS,
on the part of their governments fOr
their welfare. and there is Il general
looking 10 the United States go safe
guard it, II is gratifying TO know that
European countries rep0Se such conf
dcnce in the United states. aud that
they are not themselves seeking 10 in
iorvene in Mexico as they did more than
half century ago. But il is no light
Thing for this country 10 undertake to
care for their interests as well as they
could do il for themselves. Yet that
is our moral duty if our traditional
policy is TO he maintained.
Precauilon may not, and i! is ear
nestly 10 be hoped that IL Will not. mean
intervention of any kind. ON the con
,rary. If IL calculated 10 avert the ne
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-02-13
DISEASE OR DEATH.

Some very serious considerations are
involved in the extraordinary PROPOSAL
which i now before the South caro-
lima LEGISLATURE. to give prisoners VINO
ARE condemned ro death the choice Of
being used rs subjects for experimental
iiou with tlIr germs of pcllaGr3. with
an assurance of pardon and release at
the end of the surgical and medical
ordeal. " the choice il go Doc entirely
voluntary il probably will escape th"
constitutional prohibition If cruel aud
unusual pmi>hmeuis. though thor" bay
still bc some doubt ou that point. i'ut
there are certainly other features
which require most careful ,on>idcra-
ton before the system j. put in,p lrac.
tcc.
one Of The chief of these Is the qn''~
ZION what is 10 bc done with the pri-
oncr-paticntS after She doctors l1fr
finished experimenting with them. 1h"
Proposal j. that thcy Shah joe pardou'd
and set al liberty liui can there hc
any satisfactory assurance that he
disease will be- 80 perfectly cradi'm ~
from their systems thai they viii pre-
sent no mcnaC" 10 the health ~ ,h"
communities To- which they are re-
turned: And Will their health be 80
surely restored as to na,c them cap
able Of >clf-Suppou: IT would be- an
ab0mnablc thing tu release men who
would ice di>srminatOr~ of pc>til"n''. "r
helpless iuvalidS dependent upon char
ity for maintenance Without an
abundant guarantee against either OF
these coalitions. II Would seem q" nc
morally incumbent upon The state 90
care for thc men in aSyum~ Of some
>urt for the rest of their lives.
There f. reason Ia suppose that OBJ"
experiments would assist in IN" lis
cpvcry Of an effective method of com
Batting disease which thus far has
shown itself >insuarly deadly and oN-
cecdingly battling to medical science.
ii will be recalled that = >iul,lar
method was pursued in respect 10 vel
low fever and some Of the moSl per
nciOus forms Of So-cailcd malarial
fcycrS bGt in those cases the Subiec's
OF experiment were mol condemned
criminals, but physicians and others
who voluntarily incurred tine risk for
the sake II mankind and thus cXerci "d
- heroism second 10 none in the an
nails OF clivalry. The use of couyi"t~
Tor this purpose would be an inlcrr-'-
ing variant upon hat memorable ser
vice. aud might result in great good .
mankind. though it might also lee .ub-
icct lo doplorablc abuse
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-02-13

tLe extension provided for IAN appiica-
ton OF the spells system. ON the CON
trary. he >aid
President Roosevelt .nd Prcsiuel'
Taft hotb believed in the merit :! =
tom az promoting honesty anu ~"
ci.rcv i'm Tho national admins tratioIi.
as both made important extensions II
tho classified service. President koose-
volt put into the classified SerNic'
fourth class postmasters east OF III"
Nfiseisslppi ana north Of the fotolnA0
and ohio. and President Tart mas re-
Gently added all the rest oi the io"' "a
class postmastcrs.
Not 4 hint WAS given i'll the speech
that rhe Taft order was n blow struck
from the capital at true ciVil se'
"yice" Moreover. without protest on
mr.. Eliot's part. the league adopted Il
resolution which. referring 10 the rec
ord Of fhe year past. said: IN tue
.fedcral service The chief Gain i the
"cxtcnsion bv President Tart OF III"
.cla>siticl,ion of fourth class posthias'
TORS over the whole country. pan
(which had been tried previously with
success in the more thickly settled por-
"liunS.
II is nard to square Or EllotS a''i-
,udc at Milwaukee with the remarks
attributed to him in Boston. ANY p"'''
/ familiar with the spread of Inc merit
system in this country must re''iH'
that If Offices are 10 he put INTO ih'
! classified service the incumbehts must
receive whatever benefit may coiI'
/ from the change from an uncertain
f. "A permanent tenure. 1t would ID"
rank craftsmanship 10 empty the %
fres inst before transfer ana Ia REM
Them with different placchoiders JUS
after transfer.
pr Fliot's alleged statements III B"N-
ton will travel all over the country
: # /, all the more rcerettablc therefore
that they contain Il criticism Wihc''
in his capacity as president OF the
National civil Service Reform l.cagu
he did not think Of making ana proUa'
hlv would not have cared 10 make.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-02-13
DIR. SUN YAT-SEN
He Writes to all American of His
Hope for China.

To the Editor OF The Tribune.
Sir: beg 10 convey 10 YOU the very ma
portant information that Dr. Sun Vat
sen. founder of the Chinese republic, my
one-time fellow townsman OF Hong kOns.
the leading citizen OF the New China. Che
greatest of the Chinese reformers. vino
organized and led the republican revolt
tom who was tie first provisional Prc-!-
dent of the republic At Marking, and 1913"
Is AT present thc head OF China's national
railway ana Industrial Development board
located at Shanghai, has sent me the fo.-
lowing message to bc conveyed 90 the
American people This message is really
a semi-oilicial message on behalf of the
vast Chinese republic of 100000 people
through their greatest hero and Their
most influential Official and citizen to the
American people. II reads:
81 have the honor of acknowledges
your letters. ,ogether with the newspapef
interviews with you. urging Americas
prompt recognition of the chinese republic.
In reply beg to inform YOU that your ef-
fort in conducting this campaign J"
China's interest IS highly appreciated o'
me and my associates We hope thal
your efforts for the recognition of CHINA
by the United States of America Will Oe
speedily crowned with great success.
Sun YAT-SEN.
Recognition OF CHINA customary IN
tcrnatonal courtesy-is stu delayed, ou'
ii is not because The Chinese rep lbic ana
is leaders have not appealed TO ths
American people.
JOHN STUART THOMPSON.
Jersey City, y j., Feb. IL. 1915.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-02-13
LOCAL LAWS AND TREATIES,

British comments on Secretary
KnOx'S Panama Canal note are not all
iudiciouS on convincing. not even Ia
those who dissent from our govern
iDenI's attitude; but one OF them con-
taihs sort Of oJIcr diciHm which
might. indeed. have been uttered here
OF anywhere and in relation 10 some
ether matter than this. but which sug-
@eStS food for profitable thought ON Il
subject which has more than once
caused cmbarra SSment and which is
certain 10 become more urgent rs the
relations Of different countries become
ihCre intimate and complex. IL Mess. -"
says "Thc Pail Mall Gazette" Inter
national law OverridcS municipal law.
when treaty rights clash with il. in.
'tornational law has no existence AMI
peaceful intercourse between states
becomes impossible"
II is still. Of course. disputed ouc>-
ton whether treaty rights do in tn.
present case clash with domestic lcgi.-
lation. But even if il should DE finally
decided that they do not that would
rot dispose of the issue which our
London contemporary raises. For We
all know that there nave been eases IL
which there We're indiSputahly such
clashes. and that under our present
yStem vi treaty making and law
making there are likely TO be more Of
them. Moreover. there are those who
are now saying that if the canal law
does violate the treaty the law ana
not the treaty must stand. for no
treaty can restrain Congress from
Cnacting any domestic legislation 1t
pleases The question il not merely
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-02-13
THE SUBWAY HEARINGS.

The Appellate Division called the de
mand for further hearings on the sub
way contracts on the ground that they
had been amended frivolous Public
Service Commissioner Mccall has
granted further hearings. not on that
ground. hut because he. rs Il new man.
wants 10 hear The opponents and adj
yocates Of the contracts before acting
upon them. He naturally has 10 ave
time 10 the consideration Of the con-
tracts. ana the additional hearings VII
not increase the necessary delay.
No supporter Of he contracts has
any objection 10 publicity. The latest
hearing. when the opposition was
forced 10 show its hand in court, Was
one ii the best things that could have
happened for the contracts. Our neigh
Dor The World Sincc the court de
ciSiom has dropped from double leads"
to single leads" and from The top #
It's editorial columns 10 the bottom Of
Them in its opposition. II is even
moved 10 say 1T is claimed for the
contracts that by linking new sub
ways with the TWO present mouopOlics
more comprehensive one-farc systems
are furnished than the city could pro
vide by building a competitive SlS-
"tcm. II is true and "A valid argu-
'mcnl.
let there be "a fair weighing of HE
advantages and disadvantages Of the
contracts. The result viii be that
every practical person will he i'm
pressed with their advantages. The
unfairncsS of the opposition will Ice
apparent the more it is called mon 10
Justify the noise il has been making.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-02-13
NEW YORK SOCIETY
Revival of the CotiIIon in Honor
of St. Valentine.

/ Although cotillons have been conspicu-
Gus by theii, absence from the dances this
winter, there is to be one at the dance
of the Friday Junior Cotlons tomorrow
night at Sherrv's and the favors are TO
be In keeping with 81 Valentines Day
The patronesses OF this dance. which IL
for girls who are to make their debut
twelve months hence. include Mrs. Oliver
Hartman. Mrs Walter Camp, Mrs
Charles ). Bates and others.
Bridge parties will be given to-day by
Mrs Justus Rupert at her house. in Fast
list street for Mrs. Hamilton Fish, and
by Mrs. Walter Rutherford.
Miss Sarah Parish will give a dinner
this evening at her house, in West 18th
street
Justice Francis NJ Scott and Mrs Scott
left town yesterday for Washington. to
stay a few days with Mrs. Henry +.
Dimock. who gives large dinner in their
honor tomorrow night.
Ut. lllldi1 VI. ioih Stdi - t"-ii'i ~"
| for Palm Beach.
W 4. T. Tkengren the Minister Pleni-
potentiary of Sweden at Washington, has
| arrived in town, and Is staying for a few
days at the Ritz-Carlton.
Professor Thomas J. Preston. jr and
his bride. who was Mrs Grover Cieve-
land. started yesterday morning FOR or
mond. Fla. on their honeymoon.
Mrs. John +. Latin OF No - West 18th
street has issued invitations TO dinner
dance at the Hotel Gotham on Wednes-
DAY evening February %, for her daugh-
| ter. Miss Ellen Latin.
Mr. and Mrs. Henry 3. Carhart and
Miss Ethel Carhart have started for Palm
Beach.
Mr. and Mrs. William FitzHugh White
house who were married in st. Georges
| Church. Stuyvesant square. on January
=. have arrived IN Paris on their we'd
ding trip Mrs Whitehouse was Miss
Sybn Douglas.
Mrs W. NJ. Il. Hoffman gave a large
luncheon party yesterday at her house in
West jlst street. and afterward took her
! guests 10 the theatre.
The Lenten Sewing Class. which works
for Bellevue Hospital meets this morn
ing at Miss .eary's house. in Fifth ave-
me Among it's members are Mrs. f.
Burren Hoffman. Miss Louise lselin, Mrs.
| ]. Duncan Emmett. Mrs. Frederic Nelson
and Mrs Henry W. TAFT.
/ Mrs. Chaunccy NJ. Depcw Viii sive d
dinner tonight at her house in West 5ith
street
Mrs Rowland Davis. Mrs. Gustav l\ls-
| sci. Mrs Alfred Wagstan. Mrs. q. Her
mann Kinnicutt and Miss Amy Townsend
I are among those assisting Mrs. Nchard
! irwin in the organization OF the annual
- Valentines Kottledrum. for the bene-
III Of Tho samaritan Home for the Aged
which takes place tomorrow afternoon at
/ SierrvS