davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Twin Falls times. [volume] (Twin Falls, Idaho) 1905-1916, 1913-11-28
CHURCH ANNOUNCEMENTS

First Church of Christ Scientist 230
Third avenue East Services Sunday,
Nov. 30, II a. m. Subject, Ancient
and Modern Necromancy, Alias Mes
merism and Hypnotism, Denounced .
Sunday school at 10 a. M Testimonial
meeting Wednesday at p. m.
At the First Presbyterian church,
the pastor, DR.. j. F. Shepherd, will
preach at II a. m. on the subject, "a
Momentous Question" sermon espec-
tally adapted to the young. but most
helpful to older people. At 1880 D. m.
the subject will be Friendship" the
first Of series of four from the book
of Ruth. Sabbath school at 10 a. m.
and Christian Endeavor at $3.50 p. m.
Decision Day will be observed in all
the services of the day.
First Christian church, corner Sec
-ond street and Fourth avenue East.
Elder Walter E. Hartman, minister. BIZ
BILE school at 9:45 a. N. Lesson for
The Twin Falls times. [volume] (Twin Falls, Idaho) 1905-1916, 1913-11-28

The Basis Of Liberty" will be the
subject Of the sermon at the Baptist
church next Sunday morning, and at
the evening service the pastor will be-
gin a series of sermons entitled "Un-
der the Stars with Jesus" the subject
of the first being "Instructing a
Ruler" Sunday school at 1000. B.
Y. P. U. at $50.
The Twin Falls times. [volume] (Twin Falls, Idaho) 1905-1916, 1913-11-28

Read that Want AID.
The Twin Falls times. [volume] (Twin Falls, Idaho) 1905-1916, 1913-11-28

The Sunday services at the Metho-
dist church will be as usual. The Sun
day school at 10 o'clock, the preaching
service and the Junior League at II.
The Baraca class will meet at and
the Epworth League at $50. The
evening sermon will be preached by
Rev. J. D. Gillian, DID,, district SUI
perintendent of the Boise district The
quartette will sing in the morning In
the evening the music will be furnish
ed by the chorus choir and the orches-
ira. A solo will be rendered by Mr..
Harmon McMaster.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1913-04-12

WHAT PEOPLE WEAR AND EAT
MUST BE MADE CHEAPER NO
MATTER Ni.O SUFFERS" DE
CIAnES pRESlL ENT
SAYS PEOPLE ARE TAKING no
TICE, AND GENTLEMEN WHO
TALK ONE WAY AND VOTE AN
OTHER MUST RETIRE.
(SDcciaI to Thc UcrdId.)

WASHINGTON, u. c. April Il
President Wilson stands pat on free
wool ana ultimate free sugar. A crisi il
in the tariff fight was reached today in
the house and senate committees. VIII
son is fighting and ready to carry the
fight to the people.
what The people pat on their backs
and in their >t0machs must be mlda
cheaper no matter who suffers" was thc
presidents final word to thc senate fl
nance committee.
He insisted thlt the statement design
cd to create the idea BY 4 campaign 0f
advertising that the passage of The biz
viii hc disastrous to the country's bust
ness was absolutely false.
He referred his callers TO views fire
Qrcntly uttered: II am always afraiJ
that the business men who are uncaSt
have something 10 be uneasy about. The
American people are taking notice in 4
way they never took notice before and
gentlemen who talk one way and vote
another are going to lie RETIRED
lie believes that if the people will
stand by him he can compel 4 revision
of Ne tariff 40 THAI necessities Of life
ill lc chnarrr.
Tho American flrmcr. he saws, has
"cvcr been projected because he has
n"rrr nccCcd il. bus everything used on
i" farm PAYS a heavy duty with the re-
Sult HAT the farmer is paving q great
Gcal Of wealth to the United States and
is getting nothing 50 far as tariff is
conccrncd. The president con not see
Why he COS, If production is the basis
Of to;in loGiSlaii0n. as the cost is not
the S2lGr in any one factory for two
wears,
The president he's decided that in
nearly every instance business men are
reSored under thc tariff bill. to real
competition with all manufacturers and
viii enlarge their plants 10 meet the new
conditions. And that in such way the
country will enter on a period of real
prosperity.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1913-04-12
WELLS WILL NOT ACCEPT
ANNOUNCES UNCONDITIONALLY
THAT HE WILL NOT BE JUDGE.
NEW DISTRICT NOT APPROVED.

Judge James B: Wells announced un-
conditionally to his friends yesterday af
ternoon that he will not accept the ap
pointmcnt as district judge of the pro
posed 18th judicial district. should the
district be created and should the APP
pOntment be rendered him. This was
made during a conference between Judge
Wells and his friends. when the matter
of the new judicial district was brought
up.
Governor Colquitt has not yet ap-
proved the bill creating the district, nor
has he vetoed it. Friends of the meas
urc are working on the matter in the eff
fort to have il pass with the governor
signature. and it is expected that within
a few days the atmosphere surrounding
the creation of the district will have
cleared.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1913-04-12
TRAIN FROM MONTERREY WITH
[lS0C00 MEXICAN MONEY
CROSSED Et\ JUAN ERIDGE
BEFORE IT WAS BURNED.
NOT PROBABLY REBELS
WEST BOUND TRAIN TURNED
BACK IN BURNING BRIDGE
HALF HOUR LATER BELIEVED
ACT OF BANDITS

Ihc bridge ever The san Juan river
Nc3r AldlYDas ! town Of five hundred
,,or.,r.t;on 1,..+c,1 hr,t,ol .n;Io. uo.t
~ '''''i'''''9 "''N i'i''' 'N''''.''' ~
"E' II" \cS'CrH.'y ''it -f""i."d ~ INC
batting back 10 Brownsville Cf the NcE
c2n National tram : h;ch let this City
n.tor1a, ro,u:n- M I,r,dcn i /, stno,
.,,,
''' '''''.''
u" y = S'id ''Ai u can - rcPf'red II
/ coupe 81 hoGrS. ms MS damage Is not
cry Se:iOIS.
~ 1,cvinc ~ t},n cchc.,uln au hour
,., haze ,ho u. r.n:.,, .,..;o
,, >,
"ni'h = h''''>'-'' ''i -
'cS'eidaN h!ofhiiiE oui Wii'P'i lIe p'ii"i'>
i IS believed. and saved silver bullion
q the value e about $50 go Mexican
,,,no,. ubic, y h~o,oht ibrorob 4.
,..,,. ,s,.it1o ,o.4c,,i.,. IA =. tnIia,cL
b,t tbo b,n.i;+, ,~c.n ,,rorn cf tba shin
,.c,t of hrI;,c, .nl ;ntcrIcd ~ bolh
.no traip nm If "a bo,-rynr they arrived
ot the bridoo to. io1c for the lroin had
r,,coa s,fol,. o,.o,. /, b,-f bo,,, hofn,a
Tho liu.oror,. tIo. tbc strrct,rn W. J
burning was made Inv The west bounf
train which nae.-I .hc COST hounG ms
>cnoar \ b,If E7ur hrrc,p reaching The
bridro Tho tr.3iu WAS stoned hv thr
hurnipo structurc and Immediately be
can b.rkira icy-9TJ brownsville and ar
r;,od i, ro lost niobt nj 0.o0 o'clock
PASSENGERS stated that they were told
IN Two mon whom tbry saw at tn
b,;doc THAI these mon had seen a small
marty of morntcd men making away from
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1913-04-12
THE NEW LAW
REPEALS OLD
GENERAL RULES THAT
NEW SiIOUR LAW REPEALS
PREVIOUS LAW-pROSECTTIONS
IN. EH OLD MUST STOP.
DALLAS RhILROADS WILL BUILD
NEW UNION STATION. COST
ff 000O0-SITE FOR NEW BUILD
ING PURCHASED
Especial StaG CorrcspondcR!.)

AUSTIN. Texas. April 12-Thc al
torncy generals department today gave
I.ator Commissioner Startling an opin-
ion in which ii il held that The new
cigh; hour law. passed by the Bird lcgis
iaiure ana which became chcctivc on
March y, 1913. repeats the old law and
ihl all prosecutions now pending
against yiolators Of the old law vii!
Ii I've 70 be abandoned and dismissed ana
can not be prosecuted under The new law.
There alC qIi!c il number of cases
pcnding hv he Labor department against
contractors over The state for violating
the Old law and under This decision
those can not be prosecuted
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1913-04-12
NEW UNION STATION.

Acting un(cr IN ORDER issued by the
railroad commission over two years ago.
I he niue railroads entering Dallas
have Decided 10 construct four million
dollar union station at Dallas Plans
for the issuance Of the bonds TO be ~
sued were discussed tcday at confer
cncc between railroad officials and thr
railroad commission
Vie property on which the new stu
ion is 20 hc huii; has already been rul-
-haScd and thc work CT tearing doSn
thc present i ilGings il now under way
i is he Union Terminal company
which is constructing the depot. The
sock is held hy the railroads
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1913-04-12

MARKETING BABIES
QUTATIONS IN BOSTON RANGE
FROM ~ TO $I0-DOGS COME
MUCH HIGHER

BOSTON, Mass, April 12-An actual
traffic in babies at prices ranging from
81 up is carried on in Boston, according
to Mrs Charlotte Smith. a social work
er. of this city, who appeared before the
legislative committee on public health in
support of bill requiring the registra-
ton of midwives.
Mrs. Smith declared that she had
bought infants and knew where more
could be purchased at any time.
The idol of the home in the Back
Bay" she said. is Il poodle dog. They
run from 500 to $1,000, while babies are
being sold at from - to so. depending
upon whether they are blondes or bru-
npttpS"
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1913-04-12
SUMMERS ARE.
GATHERED IN.
VICE COMMISSIONERS INNESTI
GATING DOWNTOWN RESTAJK-
ANTS GATHER IN \ STUNNING
PARTY.
WOMAN BECOMES IiYSTFRICAL
AND TRIES TO ESCAPE THROUGH
WINDOW. MAN OFFERS MONEY
TO OFFICERS.

CHICAGO, H., April l2-Agcnts Of
he Illinois vice commission late last
night and early this morning brought
cOnStcrnation to fashionable guests Of
two downtown restaurants. RectOrS and
the state, against whose regulations
there rctscd no question except the nat
urc their cabaret entertainments. From
these p aces only the managers and mem
bcrs Of cabaret shows were taken to be
pucS: oNcd about alleged smut songs
Il he :.AOWs. from the tcnderlCin Men
ana women sightsecrs out Summing
were gathered before the commission
One woman il hyStcrical fear of dis
grace tried 10 jump from the window
n hen Ill" police With sUbpocnas reached
the restaurant where she was
Another fell on her knees and wcpt
Onp man iammcG 4 rot Of bills into
AT oiicer's hands saying Take this for
Gods sake: you don't know what this
means.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1913-04-12
WILSON'S NOMINATIONS

WASHINGTON. ID. g., April r.
President Wilson today made public the
following nominations: Third assistant
secretary Of state. Dudley Field Malone
Of New York counselor Of state depart
mcnt. John Passett Moore Of New York;
collector Of custors. Saluria. Texas. An
drew III. Evans: United States attorney.
western district of Texas. j. l.. Camp;
United States marshal. western district
Of Texas, John III. Rogers United States
marshal, northern district of Texas. W.
J. Mcdonald; Mississippi river commits
sion, Col. L. IT, Beach of the engineer
corps; to be brigadier general, Col
Hugh L. Scott. third cavalry.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1913-04-12
CABBAGE RAISES SLIGHTLY
NOW SELLING AT IS A TON +. o. Il.
BROWNSNILLE- MOST OF CROP
LEFT IN FIELD. ACCOUNT LOW
PRICE.

Cabbage has gone up slightly within
the past few days, the market the past
three days bringing about eight dollars a
ton, as against five dollars ton during
nearly all of this spring so far 1t is
certain. however, that most of the crop
will be left in the field. as farmers are
now beginning to turn under the left
over crop. 1t has not ben considered
worth the cutting at the price that is
being paid.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1913-04-12
JEFFERSON DAY DINNER
SPEAKERS OF NATIONAL REPUTA-
TION TO ADDRESS DEMOCRATIC
CLUB AT PHILADELPHIA.
Especial To ThC Hcrdid.)

PHILADELPHIA, Pa, April r.
Observance Of Jefferson Day viii end TO
night when speakers Of national fame
will address the democratic Club 1T IDS
annual dinner in LII In temple. Scna-
tor John Sharp Williams of Mississippi.
Representative Jones OF Virginia, Coz
ernor Sulzcr of New York and Congress
man A. Mitchell Palmer will be the cher
speakers.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1913-04-12
CREAMERY MEETING

A meeting of farmers and members of
The Chamber of Commerce will be held
next Saturday afternoon at the Dream
land Theatre for the purpose of consid-
cring the creamery proposition. Prof. II.
il. Harrington, agriculture director OF
the Frisco will be present and address
the meeting on the subject of creameries.
The use Of the Dreamland for the meet
ing has been donated by manager, W..
X. Sheppard.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1913-04-12
INCLUSION Is COMING
TENNIS PLAYER OF
SCITii 80 CROSS KACQU ET's,
WITH LANpTRECHT.

NcQuiston> thcn champion tennis play
er Of the SoUtE, vii! be in Brownsville
Monday and Tuesday. and will play IN
exhibition match with Instructor Lamp
trccht.
San Benito has decided to send four
teams instead of two as previously
stated to participate in the Spring Fes
tival tennis tournament
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1913-04-12
SEA FISHING SEASON

NEW YORK, April 12.-Dcserting the
chase after criminals. dollars and jus
ticc hardy Ike Waltons Of the Hope
deep tomorrow for the first sea fishing
of the season. Leading members of the
club are judges. detectives and police
commissioners, with plenty of business
and professional men.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1913-04-12
A GUN AND A GUNNER
EXPLAIN THE SUCCESS OF OJEDA
IN KEEPING OFF SUPERIOR
FORCE OF REBELS.
{ BIZ ASSOcidtcd PrcsS.)

NACO, Ariz., Two of the secrets of
OJeda's success against overwhelming
odds became known today. One was the
possession OF the latest type of French
apid-tiring gun throwing two shells per
minute. The other was the service Of
Harry Dean formerly an English army
artillery expert.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1913-04-12
AMENDMENT DEFEATED
HOUSE By VOTE OF Sc TO Is. DE
FEATED PROPOSAL FOR GRAD
UAL REDUCTION
(By Associated PrcSs.)

WASHINGTON. ID. c., April 12.-By
u vote of Sc to l. the house democratic
caucus today voted down the sugar tariff
schedule proposed by Louisiana and
other sugar states representatives, to re-
place the provision for free sugar in
three wears The defeated substitute
was for an immediate ten per cent sugar
reduction followed by a gradual six
year reduction.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1913-04-12
MRS. PANKHURST FREE
On Associated Prcss.)

LONDON, April 12-Mrs. Emmeline
Pankhurst Suifragette leader was re-
leased from jail this morning after being
ccrated her nine days ago to serve three
wears. The police expect to return her
to jail as soon as her health RECEIVERS.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1913-04-12
OHIO SLOWLY FALLS
CAIRO. H., April l2.-Thc Ohio !
(CDcciuI 10 THc UCr0ld) J

CAIRO. III, April I2.-Thc ONO riNW
is now at a stage of = feet At thiS point.
The river is falling S!nwly. iinntcnan;
Buckncr has been orGcrcd to follow thy
flood in the government boa, King. Th'
boat will stop at Hickman. Ky. ana thcn
proceed 10 Memphis.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1913-04-12
JAPS PROTEST
(BU AsSOcidted Press. J

TOXIC. April 12.-Thc Japanese for
eign Office instructs the Japanese am
bassador at Washington to make formal
representations to Washington about the
anti-Japanese legislation in California.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1913-04-12
TOWNS FLOODED
(BU Associated Press }

MEMPHIS, Tenn, April 12.-The Ar
kansas river lcevc. forty miles above the
mouth. broke today ut Red Ford. The
small towns of Lake Jefferson. Rose
mary. KelSo, Macarthur. McGhee will be
inundated There is no loss of life.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1913-04-12

BUFFALO. y. Y. April 12-The state
troops that have been guarding the street
railway during the six days strike were
withdrawn today. Conditions are again
normal as Il result of a settlement be
tween the compny and strikers.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1913-04-12
tSpcciGT ID The HcraIdO

CHICAGO April l2.-Aftcr catch
on several cafes, he white slave com
nitttc decided today that the names Of
the Witnesses would not he revealed.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1913-04-12
GOVERNOR IN CHARGE
(.SBcciaI tO iHc UCrd|H. }

GREENEILLE, Miss, April =. %ioy
Of seven hundred workers on the 0lt
Beulah creyassc. We have got a har,
fight, but Wen win" said the governor.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1913-04-12
NO BREAD IN BELGIUM
{ BU ASsOciafcd Press. J

DAMPREM1. Belgium, April L.
All the bakers here have nOtofied their
customers that they will not deliver
bread after Monday on account Of the
nation wide strike.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1913-04-12
EARTHQUAKE
fEV A&sOciuicd prcSS.) }

SALT LAKE CITY, Utah. Apri! IL
An earthquake shock which lasted sev-
cral sccCnd.: was felt here this morning.
1t was also felt through southern Idaho.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1913-04-12
POPE Is WORSE.

I ROME, April y. :j4 p. m.-The
< pope has suffered another relapse. :
( 1t is stated b. his phy sicians that
: trachcal bronchitis has developed. :
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1913-08-21
BOLT FATAL TO
C0CSWELLFARMER
Young Man Felled by Light
ning-O others Injured by
the Same Shock.

cogswell. N. D.. Aug. 21.-Joseph
H. Cooper's threshing rig. was killed
by a bolt OF lightning. Happy Hook.
another member of h crew. was
stunned. and it was at first thought
he was dead. but he came to and ap-
parently is uninjured. A team Of
horses belonging to Frank Cooper was
killed by the same bolt. The rig was
at work on the Severson farm about
eight miles southeast of town.
A heavy thunder storm came up
suddenly and the crew sought shelter
~ best they could. Sawrey. Hook
and severson crawled under the en-
CINE tank &c set out of the rain tina.
was falling In torrents. Sawrev was
on the outside. Hook came next and
Seversor on the inside next to che
engine. 3oth Hook and Sevcrs,n we,e
badly burned. but the latter received
only a slight shock. Lyle Cooper.
who was under the engine tender,
also received a shock and was slight
ly burned.
The team that was killed was tied
to the back of a wagon loaded with
bundles and stood about a rod from
the tender. Another team tied to the
side Of the wagon were knocked down
hut got up again uninjured. The rain
extfnguished the fire started in the
bundles before any damage was done.
Deceased had only been in this
country a short time and vas a native
of ENGLAND.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1913-08-21
Capture ROBBERS
Of P0ST0FFCE
Two Suspects in Mckenzie
Safe Blowing Under Arrest
Sheriff Had Hard Job.
81 Farren

Bismarck. N. D.. Aug. 21.-The rob-
berry Of the Mckenzie postofnce, the
securing Of the country by a posse un-
der the guidance Of Sheriff Barnes, the
holding up ana searching Of the per-
sons Of fifty members Of the I. w. w.
by the posse. the attempt on the life
of the brakeman IN q freight, tho
capture Of the ma with the. gun and
the further capture Of two suspects
who undoubtedly are the robbers-all
went to make up a highly exciting
days work in the east end Of this
county. X.
Armed to the teeth. Despatched
with mud. dirty. srimy and tired but
determined, Sheriff Barnes, Deputy Ed.
ellis came in from Driscoll In the
east end Of the county, yesterday aft
ernoon in charge Of three men, against
whom they believe the charges will
stick.
They gave their names a. Dan Fits-
patrick and J. B. Rogers. After being
"sweated" by the sheriff, their stories
were found to be decidedly conflicting
and It IL the belief that they are the
right parties. ~
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1913-08-21
ORDINANCES ARE
NOT HELD VALID
Bowbells Attorney Says they
are Illegal-Old Set Was
Destroyed by Fire.

Bowbells. N. D.. Aug. 21:-rhere is
ON question as to whether the city
has very many valid ordinances. and
the various members Of the city coun-
ell are considering the ~advisability OF
passing a whole new set to be sure
they are valid. 1t Is almost a settled
fact that all ordinances passed prior to
the big fire Of 1907 could not De prov
en- valid at the present time. The min
utes Of the council as well as the af-
fidavits of publication were destroyed
in the fire. as were also the newspa-
per files Of The Tribune which pub
lished the ordinances and minutes.
There is no record whatever that any
ordinances were passed before the fire
except a new pamphlets containing
ordinances supposed to be passed be-
fore the fire. If cornered up the city
would have a hard time proving that
its ordinances were valid, and for that
reason new one may be passed and
published. City Attorney Pierson
holds that the old ordinances are in
valid, and a special meeting Of the city
council may be called oon to consid-
er the matter Of remedying this state
of affairs.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1913-08-21
ADMITS THEFT

Fargo. N. D.. Aug. 21.-Fred Wilks
was arrested yesterday by Officer An
derson on a charge of robbery and
when brought before States Attorney
Fe wler he admitted that he had talk.
er money from his room mate and
asked permission to return it.
Wilks and two other men were oc.
cupying the same room in one of the
Front street rooming houses and when
one of the other men was called gu
OF the room for a short time Wilks
took s26 from his clothes and left the
room. He was found by Oficer An.
eerson this morning and brought tc
the police station. At first he main
tanned his innocence but when he was
questioned closely he became confused
and finally admitted that he had tax
en- h money. He waived prelimin.
airy examination and was bound ovel
to the district court on a grand lar.
ceny charge under $500 bonds.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1913-08-21
NEW SCHOOL
Parochial Institution Will Be Conduct
ed in Old Church Binding.

Mandan. n. D., Aug. 21.-Father
Clements of st. Joseph Catholic
church announces that the formal
dedication Of the St. Joseph Parochial
school will be conducted in the old
church building on Collins avenue. the
interior of which has been completely
remodeled. will be held on Sunday.
August 81. inc that an appropriate
program al which Bishop Wehrle will
speak, is being arranged.
The new school is a project which
Father Clements, aided by leading
Catholics, have been working on for
some time. There have been three
rooms built in the old church besides
quarters for the teachers and the on
ly thing lacking is the installation of
a few more fixtures and the heating
system.
Two sisters will arrive from st.
Benedict Academy, st. Joseph, Minn.,
the first part Of next week and lay
plans for the school year. The school
term will start at the same time as
the city schools. September 2.
Another event Of importance is
scheduled for August 81. for besides
the dedication Of the school in the aft
ernoon. the first priest ever to be or
dained in Mandan will take the vows
before Bishop Wehrle at the morning
mass.