davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Milford chronicle., 1913-11-28
ANDREWVILLE.

The women of this vicinity have
shipped lots of poultry this week.
among al those shipping the most are
MRS; George Vincent, Mrs. John A.
Butler and Mrs. Charles Collision.
Mr.. and Mrs. Frank Vincent have
moved to Philadelphia where Mr. Vincent
mas obtained employment.
Mrs. Lydia Morris of Mastep's. who
spent the past week with her son. re-
turned home Sunday.
Matthew Russell and family of Farm
Il llngton, Lawrance Jewel and Miss Anna
66purry OF Pennington and Mr.. and Mrs.
Rowland Collision and daughter of Bridge
80 .
Inc revival services are in progress at
ngs.
Rev. Rice, who is an able minister
inns llmIseif, has obtained an evangelist to
lelp him conduct the services and it is
loped that their efforts will be appreci-
ted by full attendances.
Milford chronicle., 1913-11-28
FELTON,.

The bazaar which was held on Satur
day afternoon and night by the ladies o
the Presbyterian Church, at the Troph,
Grange Hall, proved to be a success, ,anC
all were pleased with the proceeds.
John Schabinger, of Camden, was with
FELTON, friends last week.
Miss Hilda Morris and Miss Alice Sharp.
spent Sunday with Harrington friends,
John Carson and wife were the guests
OF P. L. Barcus and wife, at Cheswold
on SUNDAY.
Miss Minnie Knapp spent Saturday and
Sunday with Miss Maud Sharp.
Miss Julia Ennis, of Dover. is the guest
OF George Hardesty and wife.
Robert Freide1 and wife returned home
last week after visiting friends near Sea
ford and Bridgeville.
Miss Legatha Hill was the guest of
day
Miss Clara Rash and Miss Leverage
from Dover, spent Sunday with Mrs.
Clarence Voshell
William Hill gave a very delightful
lance on Friday evening to his many
friends, and all who were present spent
I very ENJOYABLE evening.
Milford chronicle., 1913-11-28
MAGNOLIA

The Ladies Aid Society will hold tbe;,
monthly meeting at the home of Mr. and
Mrs. William NJ. George next Mondav
evening at 80 O'Clock.
Inc Women's Christian Temperance
Union will meet at the home of Mr.. and
Mrs. James Faulkner next Thursday
evening at 7.50 o'clock
MISS Alice Cochran, of the Whining
ton conference Academy at Dover was
entertained by Miss Elva George Friday
to Monday.
Mr.. and Mrs. W. NJ. George, Mrs.
margaret George, Miss Elva George and
MISS AIlce Cochran enjoyed a motor trip
70 ot. Georges and Wilmington on Sun
uay; J. Lester Scotten has closed his
work at his factory at Barker's Landing
Ior me season, and left for his home at
Harty on Saturday.
Mrs. Thomas P. Davis is sick with
typhoid fever. A trained nurse from a
Philadelphia hospital, is in attendance.
DT' JamesMartin is physician in charge. |
Mrs. K. f. Stout returned home this /
week from a visit with Mrs Zach Vena- /
oles at Mardella Springs, Nd.
Ihe theme Tor Epworth League ser
wee next Sunday evening IS, The
1orelgner in the United States. "
Inose OF our people who attended the
institute of the Women Christian Tenn
1erance Union of Kent County held in
-amden NJ. Z. Church on last Wedues-
lay were Mr.. and Mrs John W. Wright.
IrS. Louise Kerkin, Mrs. Eliza Moore
nd Mrs. Annie Z. Faulkner.
Thomas I. Williams and son Wilton
ave returned home from a visit with
elatives at Delmar.
Mr.. and Mrs. John G. Barnett are
sitting relatives in Philadelphia.
John B. Lindale is building a packirg
ouse on the farm home, where he pro-
oses to have the fruits from his farms =
repaired for market.
Milford chronicle., 1913-11-28
MILTON NEWS.

Gould there be anything prettier. anv.
thing more calculated to delight the
heart at this season. than the delight
fnl weather we have had of late? This
should certainly be one of our causes for
thanksgiving to-day. But why wait nm
III the day appointed by Executive au-
thor1ty to return our thanks to a Bonn
tltul Creator for the blessings we receive
While tits well that one dav should he
set apart BY the President of a Great Ma.
uon Tor thanksgiving we believe that we
as individuals, should be thankful ali
the time. That is the principle on which
we act; and when we come to examine
and our surroundings. and con-
uast ourelf with the many others who
are less fortunate than ourself, we find we
nave so much to be thankfu for, that we
lon know where to begin our thanks
and are willing to let God take our in.
-entioas for that which we cannot ex-
press in words.
And the beautiful weather of the DaAt |
week has enabled many who could to re-
move their residences. John P. Wilson
las removed from the corner of Walnut
.nd Mill streets into the home of Mrs
sitnnla Hazard, Union and Front streets.
nd Robert Black will occupy the build-
n5 vacated by Mr.. Wilson; {. G. Fisher
Milford chronicle., 1913-11-28
STAYTONSVILLE

The farmers around here have about
finished getting in their fall crops by
having quite number of corn husking.
around.
Benz. johnson is putting an addition
to his house.
Mrs. Emory Adkins has been on the
sick list.
Master Edward Williams has been sick
for a few days, but is much improved
at this writing.
Lloyd Parks, of Wilmington, is visit
ing his parents here.
Ora Roberts and wife, of Cedar Neck
visited her brother, E. L Williams, on
Saturday and Sunday.
The Misses Workman, of Houston.
spent Sunday with Misses Alice and
Jennie Morgan.
Joe Lecompte and wife spent Sunday
with her parents, David Tucker and
wife
L. KomOrowski, wife and son Florian.
OF New York, are spending some time
with his mother at Staytonsville.
Benz. Morgan and family spent Sun
day with his parents, Mr.. and Mrs. S.
H. Morgan.
Miss Jennie Prettyman, who is going
to school at Harrington, spent SUNDAY
With her parents, Mr.. and Mrs. L. d. |
Prettyman.
Milford chronicle., 1913-11-28
BURRsVILLE

VIM. T. Harvey, one of the county $
most venerable and highly esteemed
citizens, died at his home near town.
from an attack of Pneumonia. FRIDAY
morning, aged seventy-nine years. When
thirty seven years of age, he was con-
verted and joined Union NJ. P. Chnrch
and has served as a faithful member for
many years. He made this statement
when converted that he hoped to live to
enjoy as many years in the Christian
life as he had wasted. Mr.. Harvey will
be greatly missed as he has many friends.
Funeral services were held in the NJ. P.
Church. Monday at 2 p. m, Rev. c.
NJ. Cullum, the pastor and Rev. H. S.
Johnson, Of Baltimore, and Rev. 7. T.
Bailey, of Dover, ex pastors. and Rev
NJ F. Wheatley, of the NJ. + Church.
oihcating Interment took place in the
cemetery adjoining the church.
Ernest Raughley and children, of Dover. /
spent few days this week with his par
ents, J. B. Raughley and wife.
Miss Florrie Z Dill spent two davs
last week with her friend, Mrs. Arthur /
Billings, of Hobbs.
Ihos. Bivens and wife, of Camden. \. |
j., spent several days last week with Mr..
and Mrs. c. y. Fountain. Mr.. Bivens
had great sport cunning and much sue
ass
Milford chronicle., 1913-11-28
HOUSTON

The change to cooler weather is favor.
able for the sweet potato market and
since there are over iftv thonsand
baskets of this product stored in. and
near our town, we shall be glad TO see
them moving.
J. I. Wharton has moved into his new
store, tho the workmen are still busilv
engaged in adding the finishing touches
Mrs. Merrill Thistlewood and little
daughters, Agnes and Gladys, have re-
turned to their home near Trappe. Nd.
after an extended visit with her parents
Mr.. and Mrs. Geo. Johnson.
Mr.. and Mrs. Wilbur lump are the
happy parents of fine boy.
Walter johnson is in MARYLAND at this
writing, having rented large farm near
Centreville.
MrsfTheo. Thistlewood is the guest
of her son Howard.
Ernest Simpson has added much TO
the attractivoness of his home here bv
coat of paint.
John L. Gray is on the sick list.
Mr.. Oscar Dawson and Miss Nettie
Travis were married last Wednesday.
Nov. 18th, at Burrsville. The voung
couple have the good wishes Of our
-ownspeole.
Miss Emma Dawson has accepted a
position in Philadelphia.
Mr.. and Mrs. Dollcheck have removed
o Harrington.
Examinations for our postofice will be
iven Jan. 10th. II
Miss Emily Dietrich has returned to
Milford chronicle., 1913-11-28
GREENWOOD.

Our farmers are very busy getting in
their corn and fodder, as holly season is
on hand and most of them work in the
holly. ''-
Protracted meetings are still in pro-
gress at the NJ. +. Church. There has
been SIX conversions at this writing.
J. +. Owens has been down town after
long spell of typhoid fever. We are
glad to see his smiling face again.
A. Jones and wife have gone on va
cation after a summer of hard work
They will visit Wilmington. Philadel-
phia, Phoenixville, Crombv. DIanavon
Royerstord ard several smaller towns in
Pennsylvania.
Miss Fridessa Workman will soon re-
turn to her home in West Virginia.
Rev: G. H. Williams, of Laurel, gave
special talk to men only last Sunday,
which was very nicely delivered.
The wife of Rev. P. L. Rice is improv-
ing slowly after being sick the greater
part of the summer.
{. w. Parker is getting along fine
with his new houses.
Horace Lynch and wife visited Balti-
more last week.
Edward Lynch and wife visited friends
in Seaford last week.
Helen Wiley is visiting her brother
IN Lewes.
J. +. Hayes has bought several cattle
which he will fatten for butchery in the
lear future. He will 90 West to get a
arload of mules for sale.
Our bard boys are getting ready 10
lave minstrel for their benefit. They t
re getting along fine.
Milford chronicle., 1913-11-28
FREDERICK.

Mrs. Thos. B. Emory and son, Eugen,
Grier, have returned home after spend
ing the week with her cousin, Mrs. How
ard G.. Bonwill of Camden, y. ].
Revival services are being held at
Barratt's Chapel conducted BY Rev.
Matthews the pastor and much interest
is manifested
The funeral services of little Minner
Langrell were held in the NJ E. Church
last Thursday. The pupils of the public
schools attended in body to pay their
loving tribute of respect to their play
mate and to lay flowers on the little
casket Rev. J. ". Jones officiated at
the services and the choir sang several
beautiful hymns. Interment was made
IN Barratt' s Cemetery Harry F. Mitten
conducting the funeral.
One of our oldest citizens Josiah
Philips passed away last Saturday morn
ing aged 79 years. He was stricken with
paralysis on Wednesday and never rallied |
from the stroke. Funeral services were
held on Monday afternoon at his resi- |
dence conducted by Rev. Jones. The
deceased is survive by a widow one |
daughter and three sons. Intermeut was /
made at Barratt's Chapel II. F. AIitten 4
directing the funeral.
Miss Effie Sapp has been the guest of
the Misses Jones near town.
Invitations have been issued bv Mr..
and Mrs. Albert Stevenson of this town
for the marriage of their daughter Mary
TO William AIitten December the 4th, at
u noon at their residence. Both Young
people are well and favorablv known in
this community and they have the best
wishes Of their many friends for their
future.
one OF our prominent young business
men will soon take unto him a wife and
occupy the modern and beautiful resi-
dence in caurse of completion here on
St. Agnes Street.
Stewart Hamilton and John Townsend :
IRE spending the week with William H.
aoey at the Randolph Macon Academy !
It Front Royal, Va.
Frank Cohee two daughters and son.
Misses Lulu Rambo and Mary Wright '
# Preston, Md, were the guests of Mrs.
Y. Camper last week.
Mrs Mary Boone has been visiting in :.
and Wilmington. =,
Miss Anna Ward of Philadelphia has i
een visiting Mr.. and Mrs. Howard Hud- =
on. :
George Spurry is spending the week !,
4 Philadelphia. ',
Mr.. and Mrs. Ira Garbutt are the =
apPy parents of fine baby born last :,
eek.
Mrs. Clara Clendaniel of Camden is ,
lsiting her mother Mrs Ella Faulkner. a
Mrs. Elizabeth Jester and children are =,
siting in Philadelphia. ~ :,
Milford chronicle., 1913-11-28
LINCOLN CITY.

II ID. Cook spent a part of this week
den. $50 '''''' -'''-'
Mrs. H. c. Southard, who. has been
very sick for the past week is improving
at this writing
Misses Edna Clendaniel and Virginia
morrison are visiting J. w. Prettyman
and family at Rock Hall, Maryland.
Edward Harder and Frederick Harder
ana family, spent Sunday with B. Pass
waters and family in Milford Neck.
Those IN the intermediate grades who
nave their names on the honor roll for
November are as follows
sixth Grade-Mary Long, 81: lula
Clendaniel 81.
Fifth Mildred Harder. 81. Edith
Carey, 81; Helen Dawson, 81: Edward
Wood. 50; Zelda Clendaniel. @; Lottie
Warren. g; Eta Claudaniel, 81
Fourth Grade-Irena Cook. 60; Ruth
Slendaniel 60; Anna Truitt, "a: Mabel |
Shockley q; Laura Owens, %.
Mrs. ,. J. Guessford of Salem. n. T.
spent this week here as the guest of her
sister Mrs. +. NJ. Savage.
Mrs. Charles Chormann visited her
sister, Mrs. Robert Walls, in Milton
part of this week
1SO' W. N-lendan1el made a business !
Trip to Philadelphia last week.
Frank Nlendaniel, Mrs. Geo. B. Glen
daniel and Miss Oris Hitch, spent SUNDAY
with Mrs. J, w. Prettyman of Rock Hall l.
Ald. The trip was made in Mr.. Clendar-
lei S new car.
Preaching next Sunday at Lincoln !
Church at 1870 a, m, Sunday School /
p. m; Epworth League prayer meet
ng; 80 p. m. Mrs. Harvey Morgan
eader. e''-
The Village Fair and japanese Fes.
wal will be held in Lincoln Church
Hall, Thursday, Friday and Saturday Of t
leXt week, December 4th, 5th and 9th h
he japanese articles for sale were made Fl
y, japanese. There will be ice cream. s.
axe, candy, chicken salad. oysters. cof Il
&c, and fancy articles for sale. There ii
III also be quit for sale. Let all come Il
nd help IN the final effort to paw off the ii
lst dollar on the church debt. "
The Third Quarterly. Conference will Sc
held Monday, December Sth, at l 80 ii,
m. &c
Preaching at Lincoln on Sunday, De- til
.m6er 9TH, at 7.30 p. m, BY DR.. r. K. W,
-ephenson on
AT Slaughter Neck Church next Sun tr,
~ Sunday School, 2 p. NJ; preaching, ar
p. m. - ha
At Cedar Neck Church Sunday School do
p. m; preaching, 7.3Op m. Revival an
rvlces at Cedar Neck Church thisweek. tel
Milford chronicle., 1913-11-28
LONG NECK.

George Warrington, of Philadelphia
spent the past week with his parents
Mr.. and Mrs. X. J. Warrington.
Edgar Bayliss and family of Lewes
spent Sunday with his mother, Mrs
Margaret Bayliss.
Harry Moore, of Atlantic CITY. n. L.
has returned home after spending the
past week with his parents MIR. and Mrs.
Joseph Moore.
Revival services are in progress at
Central Church and all are invited to at
tend,
r Lingo and DR.. Parker of Lewes
with gun and dogs spent Monday and
Tuesday of the past week with +. Lingo
and family. They reported a good time.
Shepherd Wilson a former resident of
this vicinity who for the past six wears
has resided in Wilmington, died last
Tuesday and was brought to Georgetown
on Friday where funeral service was held
in the NJ. p Church.
A. c. Wilson and family attended the
funeral of Shepherd Wilson at George
town on Friday.
Milford chronicle., 1913-11-28

preached at the NJ. E. Church on Sun
gay evening; and the Third Quarterly
ing
It appears of late, that Milton has be-
come the racing ground of automobiles
on sundays. They were here last Sun
udy Iom the four quarters near and
around town-and kept it up until late
in the night One man said he was driv-
ing MS car in town at forty miles an hour.
Where is our law? We have tbe law
against 1t, why not enforce it ? As long
az autoists can choose Milton streets to
1peJu IN with impunity, they will do so.
LOOK out for them next Sunday.
Medora J. Vincent, aged 81 years. and
wife of Charles Vincent. died ON Fri
uay or pneumonia. Funeral services
were held on Monday afternoon at
Whites Chapel, by the Rev. Kelso. at
Nassau, and interment made in the ad.
joining cemetery by S ]. Wilson 6, Son.
Joseph S. King died at his home on
North Union street on SUNDAY night of
lneeurosis, ne aged 65 years, 10 months and
19 days. MN '--1 '''-''
Funeral services on Wednesday after
noon at his late residence, bv the Rev.
Z. Webster, and sepulture made in odd
FELLOWS Cemetery, by J R. Atkins De-
ceased leaves to survive him a widow.
two sons and FIVE daughters. Mrs. c.
D: Atkins, and Mrs. c. A. Behringer. of
Mrs. George Fowler. of Philadel-
D-nla, and the Misses Emma and Elsie
sing, at home, Charles King, at home,
ma James Kiug, of Philadelphia.
E,X-postmaster John B. Black, is still
n the PENNSYLVANIA Hospital. The lat
ST advlces state he is slowly convalesc-
ng from his recent operation. LAC.
Milford chronicle., 1913-11-28
her home in Lancaster, la.

her home in Lancaster Pa.
Misses Lillian Herbert, Ruth Hum
mel, and Mabel Emery, also Mrs. Alic,
Gray, Miss Grace Thistlewood and Mr.
H. w. Jump attended Institute from oui
town last week. They reported AIr
Fess, of Ohio, to be the soul of the con
vention, and his talks on Mexico, the
/ Panama Canal and Alexander Hamilton
were instructive and inspiring.
Miss Hattie Vinyard was home visitor
last week.
Don't forget the oyster supper in Red
Mems Hall on Tuesday evening next,
Dec. End. Admission fifteen and twenty
five cents. OF course there will be other
good things to eat, but oysters will be
much in evidence. Come and help us
make this a success. Proceeds for a new
piano for the school,
Mrs. Chas. Gleason was the guest of
her daughter, Mrs. Roy Sapp last week.
Gunners seem to be getting the good
of their licenses. They report birds
plentiful.
Mr.. and Mr.. David Vineyard and Mrs.
Edgar Vinyard and little daughter Cart
ryn, are visiting in New York City.
johnson Bros. & Co. are busy can |
ming California beans. Our town would /
be much benefited if the canning indus
-ries could extend their six months can
ling berries, oorn, peas, tomatoes,
and sweet potatoes.
Milford chronicle., 1913-11-28

has removed from Chestnut street into
the building lately vacated by Captain
Kalph Mcgee on Mill street; Captain
Mcgee has removed to PHILADELPHIA.
Joseph Wiltbank has recently recov.
cred from recent alta k of typhoid, and
removed from his late residence ON
Chestnut street into the property of 7. c.
Hazard on Federal street.
| he horse of Mrs. Maggie Fishers. TO
winch we referred last week as having
lock-jaw, has since died.
Noble Ellingsworth, of PHILADELPHIA
came down last week, on fox hunting
bent and inclined.
II the innate pride that is supposed to
inhere IN the breasts of civilized peo-
PIE VIII not compel property owners.
whose properties are unoccupied, or va
cant tots, and along the most public
streets OF the town. to clean the grass
from the sidewalks in summer, and the
leaves IN autumn, then Town Council
should require it to be done bv proper
legislation. Perhaps we have legislation
enough now, If the laws were not obso-
Iete- II we have, let such legislation be
enforced
- Grand Organizer, William Davidson. of
wilmington, has been in town for sew !
eral daysin the interest oftheA. o. U. w
Master Charles A. Behringer is recov-
erlng from a severe illness.
Inc young people of town are arraug- !
ing Tor a dance to be given in School /
han on Friday evening, the 2Sth inst
services viii be held at St. Tohn Ban
list Church on Thanksgiving Dav at 10
/. III
AS result ofa conference held bv the
hree (white) pastors of the Milton
on Sabbath Observance. - If
vas decided to designate next SUNDAY the
Oth, as Get-to-Church-Su Sunday" " when
Is hoped everybody in Milton will at
enc the services at one of the Churches
Inc subject of the Rev. DR.. Behrin-
er 5 discourse at the church of St. Tohn
apust, on last Sunday morning was
ne Story of an Exile. -
-Four persons were admitted into MEM
ersnlp IN Milton Lodge No. 80. A. O.
W. on Tuesday evening n
a turkey supper will be given bv the n
dies of the NJ E Church, in School
an on Thanksgiving Day, at 4 D. m. 81
me residence of Elmer Dickerson on Il
site Lavinia Wood is enclosed.
ne meat market of Joseph Walls. near IN
mpleted. - -e''i r
Two of A. ]. Lohand's buildings. near vi
shirt and overall factory, are ready @
the plaserer.
captain Willard Collins spent Satur- b
with his parents, Justice-of-the- Peace I'M
Collins and Mrs. Collins.
The old steam -four mill of the Waqa- hil
N Bros, that has been torn down is he
" being rebuilt near their present mill no
De used as granary. '''-- ate
Dr. T. w. Tomlinson, of Wilmington
q ! Milton visitor on Saturday.
ince l Captain Lovett has quit running
ooat, the Edith, from Holly Beach =
j. 10 Milton-on account of the loss ve,
he boat-a schooner, the Jacob AcI- st+
SAL and steam rigged, of Maurice the
!! mas been trading here. She is now We
aiiton dock loading with corn. 7
harles Nirden and wife, and r wit
ms and wife, motored to PhilsdeI- an
on Sunday, returning Tuesday. inf,
lstrict Superintendent Stephenson inv
Milford chronicle., 1913-11-28
OWENS STATION.

David Mcpherson have been speneine
a week with Mr.. and Mrs. Clarence
Beebe.
Misses Rosa rnd Lula Wiley spent
Saturday with their cousins, Misses Dola
ane Ethel Wiley.
Miss Anna Smith, of near this place.
IS spending some time with ner father,
E. Smith, Willow Grove.
Mrs. Mollie Deputy is visiting her
brother, VIM. Fowler.
Brooks Dawson and sister, Miss Bessie,
OF Greenwood, have been visiting their
sister, Mrs. Clarence Beebe.
sunday School at 2 p. m, followed bv
class meeting at p. m. Come one and !
an. Violet.
Milford chronicle., 1913-11-28
CEDAR CREEK.

The Sunday School anniversary passed
very pleasantly, and there was a large
attendance by the people generally at
the two meetings announced in last
weeks Chronicle.
The 'Bound-to-win' Society will meet
with Mrs. John Collins on December
4th, when there will be matter of special
interest to discuss; so all are cordially
invited to be present.
Milford chronicle., 1913-11-28
Notice To COlOred Taxables.

! now demand immediate payment oe
the 1913 School Taxes for Districts Nos
l6S and 1872. Those who fail to nav at
once will be collected from as provided
ny law 1I-14-3t
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1913-07-29

Business Of variety and length is on
the program this evening to be
Drought before the board Of superyi-
sors at It's meeting Aside from the
accumulation of routine work. there
are a number Of important reports to
be submitted. and probably included
in their number will be two from the
health committee on the appropfia-
tions for Leahi Home and the commits
sion Of agriculture and forestry, IN
which reports the committee will rec
ommend what sum, II any. Is to be giY-
en- to the home and the Commission
Notice viii probably be received Of the
appointment Of Thomas Kennedy 20
the position Of road overseef By City
and County Engineer WhItehonse. A
number OF communications are on file
to be taken up by the board. It Will
also pass the payrolIs.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1913-07-29
COURT REPORT IS
In HANDS OF
GOVERNOR

The annual report of the u. s. dis
trict court for the fiscal year 1912-1913
was submitted to Governor Frear yes
terday by Clerk A. E. Murphy. It
shows 154 cases disposed of during
that period. ninety-nine still pending.
while 12S were brought in the twelve
months OF those fled last year fifty
five were civil and seventy-three were
criminal. OF the civil suits thirty
were in the bankruptcy court, FIVE in
the admiralty court and sixteen were
on writs Of habeas corpus.
In criminal affairs the attention of
the federal court in Hawaii was re-
Qnired chiefly by opium smugglers,
twenty-one cases of this character be-
ing filed the last year, Second in
number came violations of the stat
ute against adultery, sixteen such
cases being filed. Seven white slave
case, i've for selling liquor without
the special federal license and four
biganiy cases were heard. OF the
cases still pending forty are in the
bankruptcy court and twenty-nine are
Of criminal nature. &c