New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-01-01

her general treaty Win tne tnltcu
States 10 proceed toward annulment
without substitute and pursued "a
forward policy in Mongolia. In Scan
dinavia the Olympic games were held
at Stockholm. resulting in 133 points
for Sweden. 100 for America and 40
for Great Rritain. Captain Amundsen
announced in Marcn -iss discovery or
the South Pole in the precedlrr~@,e-
l'cember. and the Nobel peace prize was
for the first time withheld for lack
Of worthy candidates. King Frederick
VII of Denmark died and was sue
ceeded by Christian y SPANS great
Prime Minister. Canalejas. WAS mrr-
dered; the Portuguese Republic had
much trouble with monarchists ana
was forced to proclaim martial law
and Switzerland elected Il new Prcsi-
dent and opened a railroad tunnel
through the Jungfrau at an elevation
Of 1900 feet.
The Chinese Republic began the year
with Or. Sun Yat-Sen as Provisional
President. the Manchu Dynasty abdi-
Gated in February. Mr.. Yuan Shih-kai
was elected President in February and
was Installed in March. and the rudl-
mentary Parliament was opened In
April. Several eminent Americans,
BritOns and other foreigners were en-
gagged as advisers to the government
oxnnrian, oil i'm
curing needed loans and grave trou-
bles arose in Mongolia. largely OWING
TO the lapsing Of the Russian treaty
and the aggressive attitude Of the Rus
sian government Japan lost her ven
Grated Emperor ~lW the suicide OF
General Nogi ami ais wife and under
went reorganization of the Ministry
Mexico and various Central American
states suffered revolutionary disturb
ances. rs did the Dominican Republic
A threatened uprising In Cuba failed
to occur and a new President was
quietly elected though with many
protests by the defeated party. Inc
wreck Of the Maine in Havana Harbor
was floated. lowed out To sea ami
sunk with impressive ceremonies. The
South American continent remained on
the whole more tranquil than most OF
the foreign world.
The most conspicuous event OF the
year abroad was the Balkan revolu-
ton. In August the Turkish Sultan
dismissed Parliament and removed the
Young Turk leaders from Office. In
Septembpr the Balkan League or Bull
caria Servia, Greece and Montenegro,
was proclaimed. ii having been In
process Of organization ever since the
annexation OF the Servian provinces by
Austria Hungary. Border fighting be-
gan on October 4. Montenegro declared
war against Turkey on October =. the
league issued an ultimatum on Octo-
Der l3 and four days later Turkey
responded with a declaration or war.
There followed one of history's most
bewidering surprises. The Turks III
terlv failed to display their OLD war
rior traits and prowess. while the
allies poured I'm Irresistible legions
from all sides. The Bulgarians routed
the Turks at Kirk Kilisseh and Lule
Burgas. invested Adrianople and swept
down 10 Tchataldja. almost within
sight of ConStantinople: the Servians
took Kumanova. Uskub. Prisrend ana
Monastr and pushed across Albania
to the sea at DuraZZo. Montenegro IN
vested Scutari and Greek troops occu-
pied Salonica. BY November - Iur-
kew WAS suing for peace. and on De
cember 3 an armiStice was signed
The wear closed with representatives
Of Turkey and the allies negotiating
I'm London for peace and with me
great powers intent on ultimately
debating what the terms OF peace
shall be.
Disasters Of many kinds married the
record Of the year. In January
Russian steamer foundered IN the
Black Sea and 172 lives were lost ana
6ftv-three seamen persisted in the
wreck Of a British ship on the scot
fish coast. February saw fourteen lost
in the destruction Of British sub
marine through collision with gun
boat, and March saw ten more lost III
the sinking of a passenger snip IN the
British Channel. In April came the
UNPARALLELED loss Of the Titanic with
more than 800 lives, the sinking or
Turkish steamer I'm the Gulf or
SMYRNA with sixty-six passengers. and
bazaar fire in Damascus destroyed
property valued at many millions or
dollars. In June two thousand houses
were burned in Constantinople. TWEEN
tv-three lives were lost In the wreck
ing Of a French submarine, and nearly
seventy lives and about S11,OOO.OOO OF
property were destroyed by cyclone
at Regina, Saskatchewan. Late In Au-
gust a typhoon was said to have de-
stroyed more than fifty thousand lives
in Che-kiang. China: another in Sep
tpmber caused n loss Of S20.OoOOO0 in
japan. and n third in md-October re-
suited in losses Of S25,0OOO00 in the
! Philippines. In October also Il British
submarine boat was lost with fifteen
| lives. and in December an Italian
steamer was sunk by collision with a
British battleship in the British Chan
| mel and twenty Of her crew persisted.
The years record IL thus one largely
Of war. Of disaster and Of more or less