Ladysmith news-budget. [volume] (Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wis.) 1907-1927, 1913-08-15
HEAT OF THE BODY
Temperature Varies as Much as
Two Degrees In a Day.
LOWEST IN EARLY MORNING.

Either Physical or Mental Exercise
Causes a Quick Rise, While a Runs
| ner Has Been Found to Mark 102
After Hard Race.
1t is well to know what raises and
what lowers the bodily temperature.
In summer we all want to keep as
cool as possible, and we should know
what will tend not merely to make u.s.
feel cool, but really to be COOL
Except in sickness, when the tenn.
perature of the body is increased by
many degrees and is called fever. we
are never so hot as at the moment we
are born. The temperature of a new
born baby is higher than that Of it's
mother, rising to 1O2 f., but during
the first day it goes down rapidly as
far as 97.5 and then rises again to a
little more than the normal tempera.
ture of the adult. With this exception
age does not change the temperature,
which is in the normal man 9S.6 on
the average.
The temperature varies as much aa
two degrees in the twenty-four hours.
The minimum is 97.5 and is reached
al about 4 a. M, while the maxim lm.
99.5, is attained at o'clock in the aft
ernoon. 1t is notable that fasting or
sleep does not alter these variations.
| Those persons, however, who work at
night and rest by day reverse the or
der of the variations in temperature.
Thus bakers who work at night have
the highest temperature at 4 a. m. and
! the minimum toward evening.
In tropical countries the average,
normal temperature is 1904, slightly
higher than in the temperate zones.
In the arctic the normal temperature
IS lower. Norwegians, who live in q
cold climate, have an average temper
allure of 977.
These variations are certainly due
! to the difference in the temperature
of the air and not, as some have
thought, to difference of race, for
| Norwegians attain the same tempera-
ture as natives when they live in the
tropics.
Muscular labor has a considerable eff
feet upon the temperature and may
raise it as much as two degrees. One
| scientist observed that with normal
exercise the temperature went up
| from 97.7 to 100. In certain exception
al cases the temperature rises even
more. A runner has been found to
mark 103 after a hard race. Intellec-
! tual labor also causes q rise in tenn
| perature. Weiss shows that a man
| sitting down to study hard with q
temperature of 81 raises it one degree,
to SO, by forty minutes of brain work.
The maintenance of the temperature
about certain standard in the warm
! blooded animals, Notwithstanding tha
variations of external temperature,
| proves the existence of some kind o.
! internal regulator by which the ami
NAL fights against the tendency to il
| crease or diminish his own heat.
The resistance of warm blooded ami
mails against cold is considerable. In
polar regions these animals-bears,
| seals, musk oxen, dogs, etc. - with
stand temperatures Of 80 degrees be-
low zero habitually, and hansen re-
ports that he felt no great inconyen-
fence when the temperature was less
than 40 below.
The body uses two means Of fighting
| cold diminishing the loss of heat by
radiation and increasing internal COM
| bustion.
af 1in% Is
about by the fur of animals and by
mans clothing. Besides, there is a
construction of the blood vessels, or a
diminution of the irrigation Of the
skin, which brings about cooling or
the skin and as a consequence de-
creased radiation.
Increase Of combustion is brought
about by increase of muscular activity,
which, as we say, ''keeps US warm"
and by the eating of fats and other
foods Of high carbon content.
In summer or in tropical climates we
have to fight increase Of temperature
which would arise from the invasion
of the heat without or from overcom,
bustion within.
The organism OvercOmes heat by In
creasing radiation and evaporation.
The dilation of the blood vessels
causes the blood to flow to the sur
face of the body, and if the tempera-
ture without be not higher than thaf
of the blood the loss by radiation is in.
creased.
But it is especially by loss of watel
that the warm blooded animals pre-
vent the rise of temperature Of the
body. The cold produced by evapora-
ton is very great, for the loss Of one
gram of water takes up about $50
small calories. If, for instance, man
evaporates a quart of water (by per-
spiration and evaporation through the
lungs in twenty-four hours he loses
$50 large calOries-i. e., enough heat
to lower the temperature Of 116 pounds
of water ten degrees.