davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Virginia gazette. [volume] (Williamsburg, Va.) 1893-192?, 1913-05-08
CUBIST ART TAKES
DECIDED SLUMP
CF~fES or SWORD DUEL" COZ
IMPRESSIONS On BitOGIfk
SIGNING VOUCHERS.

DETROIT, MICH Spsclal Detroit
has uncovered q hstherto unknc~r
marvel 81 futgrlst lraHirf,s. His name
is Dave Hasnemen. clsy controller.
IT, o. yesterday Hesnenan niinteti
"a 40 knouledre ~ his marvellous
rfff q 81 Dist expression lie hac
brrn cortert merely - 8isn vouchers
are lsrle warrants foT the city
ffeiuer1an yesterday signed some
1900 No9cherE for yaSlcpe biiit
ard salaries Noting the pecriiar lines
irtp~lnfe6 On me ink blOffer be ha1
ised EEeineman framed she hotter
realty ard seat - &c the Scarab Club
49, = f1tDrist drawing 81 sword
duel
Newspapers today commented upon
the brllfsance and KlFf6nene ~ tie poT-
frzyaI Wher Hein<mar lft the scores
% the orlgfnal drawlDR out there was
: decl6e8 stump So critical knowiecfs
on this particular art
Virginia gazette. [volume] (Williamsburg, Va.) 1893-192?, 1913-05-08
POLICE RAID HEADQUARTERS
OF ENGLISH SUFFRAGETTES

amount OF documentary evidence, part
of which il said 90 relate % the threat.
enad rsprsafs OF the militants tf Ats.
Fmmeline Pankhurst. presiuent ct tne
WOmen's Social and fohtlcai Cnion-
We're returned 20 jail
After the Offices had been ranseeked
the detectives retired and the ponce
sfationqd a guard around the ouilcinS.
Onsetting the public influence GtNen %
the opposition OF STR Conan DOYLE 10 thc
militant suffraEettos whom sir Attnlt
termed Female Aooligons israei
Zangwiu, the famous author. has come
out as "a champion OF the cs use. ant ~
n bitter attack upon the government
called Premier AsQutth's methods bar
barous.
Miss Konney and Mrs. Drummono
were Just entering the kingsway ohces
OF the union when warrants charging
them with conspiracy and malicious oe-
struction OF property were served upon
them.
one hundred women clerks and mem
hers OF the union were elected from the
/ Hfnreway Offices. Two hundred polict
are On duty throughout the district pa
addition TO the guarO around the head
quarters building
Virginia gazette. [volume] (Williamsburg, Va.) 1893-192?, 1913-05-08
MORt TIME Is GRANTED To
MRS. PANKHURST TO RECCPFRAIE

conflict A police guard was main
tanned about the nursing home. but
no effort was made 20 search any OF
the women friends Of Mrs. Pankhuret
who called
Followers OF the famous militant
leader declared that II Mrs. Pank-
hurst we're removed they wo' ID make
reprisals in the form OF violence
which would not only shock europe.
but the entire world.
Solicitor Marshall. representing the
Womens Social and Political Union.
early In the day presented a medical
certificate 10 Home Secretary Ne
Kenna in support OF his contention
that IL would be dangerous 10 remove
Mrs. Pankhurst at this time.
Later the home office sent doctors
10 examine the prisoner. The ticket
OF leave upon which Mrs. Pankhurst
was released for treatment expired
yesterday.
The woman was sentenced on April
Sd 20 three years for melting women
/ TO blow UP the residence OF Chan
ceiior David Lloyd-George with dync
mite bombs.
Virginia gazette. [volume] (Williamsburg, Va.) 1893-192?, 1913-05-08
NO MORE CRIME WHERE THERE
Is NO CAPITAL PUNISHMENT

lures restored ne death penalty after
a short time. owing 20 the marSeO
increase q crimes Of violence ~
Nichigan this increase was - hiEh as
$500 per cent. snd m lows between
1879 and ISIS a was very rapid An
New York state a was restored. ana /
Volaminous report 70 the Legisia-
lure set forth the conditions thai
called 70 "a rcVerting 70 the Oc2tn PET
atty. Abroad the abolition has been
followed ~ increased crime $500, =. ~ ~.
e-iard Austria and other european
countries the tenporarS trial led 20
the rcadorSicn Of the earlier prSe-
ticc."
This paragraph is packed with mis-
statements o. thc grosSest sort. IN tne
z FIRST place. murders have 1ot stcadill
increased in the Ssatcs where capita
ipunishrucrt has been abolished Ne
4 hnee 1lrcs6y published the figures and
need not repeat them In the Sccon@
piacc. &sch.Eaa and Rhode Island
4 have not restored tfe death penalty.
n IS,ae las case o. capital punishment
.ff- 1fichiran occurred IN lSSo. anc the
q people on that state seem entirely SAX
SID with the present Law. In the
next place the statement that the IN
crease in crimes OF violence under
fhfs law is $500 per cei :. - NIterN
untrue and preposterous- The rate OF
homici6S ior Nfchigan per AtVsVNe tor
|fN. wear 1910 was two and -tcnkhS,
xrisereas tho rate for the reEistrauon
area OF the United states census.
/ Witch includes a large number OF
ststcs. most OF whom still innict the
death sentence. was i've and nine
tenths IN Rhode Island tho death
penalty has been Tor al practical pur-
noses abolished. since % can now be
inflicted oniy tn the case @ murder
com itt.ed hv one already under NE
! sentence. 40 case has ever arisen
< under this law.
/ Capital punishment was abolishec
: ir Maine Ia 1875. In lsss II wa.
restored FOR murder alone IN ISIS
D III rrar-arair abolished on the Erouns
e that its restoration had not attoroc'
, tfa urofection anticipated
Z IN statements about other coun
= tries are equally untrue and niSlead
Z tnE.
3 cution since ISt2- In the ten year
G 4 preccfi e namely. from 1858 Z
n lSs--thcre were 81 homicices.
e a. ten wears FOLLOWING -nau elys fro1
Q -te 20 1S72-therc were los homl
z ci6es. Capital punishment was abol
e l-lel I- Holland iu 1S-o- In the &c
Y years preceding rhere were ninetcc
y murders tr the ten years tciluWln
e tre-e urere seventeen murders
p Flr'nnd where there has been n
.e execution since 161t. the judges
o the Court CO Appeals OF that couutl
3 i,.-e re~entfr declared The securii
De- ~ person or property has not been
fhe leazt diminished by the suspense
b. nf capital punishment
ir Is u not amazing that rcputah
A. mar should make. and q respectful
,y journal print "a statement 80 utter
o. and recklsSsig luisie1iirr as the par
D. graph quoted above
Virginia gazette. [volume] (Williamsburg, Va.) 1893-192?, 1913-05-08
MINISTER'S REVEAL FACTS
IN OLD PULPIT SCANDAL

CHICAGO. Special. The Presbytery
OF Chicago lifted the curtain 20 dis
close facts in the trial and excomnu-
nlcafiou several years ago of the Rev.
David b. Greigg, OF Chicago. The for
mer pastor was found guilty OF lying,
contributing 10 the delinquency OF his
housekeeper. Heiga Mansfield; or hid
Ing. excusing and extcnuating Sin ana
on SANDER and scOrnfui contempt.
For years after the trial details We're
suppressed, until recent developments
persuaded the leaders OF the church
that the facts should be made public
Grelgg left the church I'm 1901. but
was not brought 10 trial until three
years later.
Virginia gazette. [volume] (Williamsburg, Va.) 1893-192?, 1913-05-08
REPORT OF BANKS
SHOW INCREASE

WASHINGTON. d. Special All
stracts OF reports. showing the condi-
zion on Aprn SIN last OF 1.ffo national
hanks issued l5y the Comptroller OK the
currency today. places the resources
OF these Institutions al Sll,oSl.s44.-
sss.Ss.
cash on hand and individual deposits,
rh.. county hanks Sra the New England
states showed gains over February
q. lel1. lu loans of sl,tee,s-S, &c
..-ra4e.s iri cash 90 gs01.315s deposits OF
.E-s1s.oeo AZ banks Bra this section
showed decreases since February ith
last The reserve city ~ Boston
shows decreases in an three items
loans. Sf.03s.QTe, cash, sl,t4 500 anu
deposits Sl.s17.o23.
The country banks in Eastern
states report gains over the last car.
T lu aU stems. loans, sls.-ls - caHh
4 E77.s2s. and deposits. slf.ase.5ss.
I Banks iu New York. city report oe-
7 ss1. oss.sfs. cash. g-f.ssl.ss4. deposits
rn 40 southern states banks report
Cd gains Boa cash az $3.50 W. I
. creases lu loaua cf Alait-. anu %
~ ~ middle Western States Ealn'
are reported lr loans of tta.se-.t ~ De
u0alfs fT.flh.-ea- decrease % c4en .
ikIff-7.ie5. BANKS in cash gains u
trf $4,000 cas- and deposits. &l0.5os.sl N
rsrclFr state banks report gains %
So rg-. deposits SsTfe 100. DE
creases IN cash % 3i.t-S.-1s-
Banks IN the Hawaiian Island repof
cash OF S1f.1zH- deposits. f-6.fbt-
Accordlng 20 the report gains az
shown ga hlna resource over fne l'
. port % the year aEo.
The total reserve held bF the bank
. fcn aurIi fth was si.475.7sl.e7f. s46.--e
I ass above the amount required 70
held
Virginia gazette. [volume] (Williamsburg, Va.) 1893-192?, 1913-05-08
CONTINUE STUDY
OF RURAL TYPHOID
SURGEON GENERAL BLUE DE
TAILS DIR LUMSDEN To WORN
IN THIS STATE.
rio Nd. vA.-Special.-

RIG MON d. VA.-Special.-
Following recent conference IN /
washington between Surgeon General |
Rupert Blue and Or. 4. ". Freeman,
OF the state Board OF Health, IL rs
announced that Or. Blue had con-
scented 10 detail DR.. Lumsden, or the
Public Health Service, 60 continue hls
study OF rural fyphoid fever IN Viz
ginia ia cooperation with Or. frce-
man.
The INVESTIGATION. which will thus
be continued for another year, IS re-
rardcd by health officers as one or
the most important yet undertaken ia
Virginia. When the study was hrst
begun. three years ago, it vas the
first extensive study OF typhoid Fever
in rural sections which had ever been
made ia the South. All the previous
work along these lines. u was said,
haa been done in the North or IN cities
where conditions were very different
from those met with ia the country.
+ Fruitful results were expected 20 tol-
i low careful study OF the methods
I by which typhoid fever was spread
in rural communities until 10 became
to some degree endemic.
"Our rural Investigations. said an
officer OF the board yesterday. have
fully borne ont our views as 20 the
! Importance OF the work Ia cooper
alton with DR.. Lumsden, our officers
have studied at first hand outbreaks
every possible means OF intercarriage
AS "a result we have been able 20 dem
onstrate that the prime responsibility
for the spread OF typhoid fever ~
rural districts Isl what We have beer
led 10 expect the careless methods o
sewage disposal. Investigating In de
J tail everything on a farm where ~
phOid existed. our fundamental con
clusiOn has been that We can neVc
! overcome the disease until our peopl
/ viii supply themselves with sanitar
means or sewage disposal. This yea
we expect ~ continue our studies an
20 verify some Of our findings"
DR.. Lumsden. who Is 10 work wit
2 DR.. Allen Freeman. is recognized a
c one OF the country's leading authori
ties on typhoid fever and has inNest
! gated for the Government many out
y breaks in various parts OF the countr,
G 4 with DIT. Freeman and DR.. ".
Rucker, DIR. Lumsden was on con
= mlttee OF the American Medical A
= ISOLATION appointed 10 investigate 4
- phoid fever. A native OF Virginia, ,
"a holds the rank OF surgeon In n
" United States Public Health Service
Virginia gazette. [volume] (Williamsburg, Va.) 1893-192?, 1913-05-08
BODY OF DROWNED
man IDENTIFIED
FOUND TO BE THAT OF CHARLES
HILL, DROWNED IN THE
RIVER MARCH 80.
RIC u NJ o Y ID. VA.-Special.-

RI c II NJ o y d. NA.-Special.--
The body. which was found noauns
in James River near city Point ycster-
day. has been Identified as that OF
Charles Kan. aged forty-ninc years. 81
Louisiana Street. Fulton. Hi was
drowned when rOwbOat capsized ~
the James River at Fulton during the
recent freshet. He was employed AZ
a cook on the United States dredge
anchored of Fulton. The identnca-
ton was made by Rev. +. s. Jones
pastor OF the Fulton Baptist Church.
AT the time Hin was drowned vain
efforts were made 20 recover the body.
il was not heard OF since until yes
terday when IL was found floating
down the river at CITY Point he was
drowned Sunday. March 3Oth.r
He leaves a widow and four chill
dren-Bernard. Joseph. Luke and
Lloyd. The youngest child Is seven
years old.
Virginia gazette. [volume] (Williamsburg, Va.) 1893-192?, 1913-05-08
GOVERNMENT TO
sue FOR 100000
NEEI.EY. OF KANSAS. SAYS MIS-
SOURI, PACIFIC OWES SUM
TO UNITED STATES.

WASHINGTON, D. c. Special
The Attorney General Is asked 20
proceed against the Missouri Pacific
Railway 20 collect more than $4,000
600 alleged 20 be due the govern
ment in a resolution introduced IN
the House today by Representative
Neeley. a Kansas Democrat
Neeley says that in 1866 the gov
eminent Issued bonds TO finance the
first 100 miles OF the Atchlson and
Pixies Peak Railway. which, through
"a series OF assignments. has now
come into the possession OF the Mis-
souri, Pacific. He contends that the
government should be repaid the ST.
100000 worth % bonds. together with
Interest for fifty years. the entire
amount aggregating $500 900.
Virginia gazette. [volume] (Williamsburg, Va.) 1893-192?, 1913-05-08
WANTED TO KEEP
MARRIAGE SECRET
IcHMo Nd. vA-sDecial.-

RICHM MOS d. VA.-Special.-
we want 10 get married"
That's what a young man ano a
vcry pretty young woman said TO Dep
uty Clerk Breeder at the Hastings
Court this morning.
But we don't want anybody 10
know H." they said. and we don't want
YOU 20 put our names on the book
where the newspapers can get Il. our
marriage iJ 10 be secret.
Deputy Clerk Breeder Coesn't be-
Uevc IN secrets: that Is. not In secret
marriages and 50 ne told the young
people that ne would issue them a
license. but that their names would
certainly 90 on the register.
but we won't have our names put
on the register" the woulo-pe bene-
dict protested.
Then you don't get a license" re-
piled Agr. Breeder. Il hate TO disap-
point you, but we don't issue secret
| licenses All the names must 80 on
the register. The register Is open %
the public. II the newspapers want
the names they can get them.
Then YOU won't let az get mar
rfedY' Querried the very pretty girl
'I'n do all ] can 20 help you. but
Virginia gazette. [volume] (Williamsburg, Va.) 1893-192?, 1913-05-08

HELMETTA- =. j. S2ecl&ls--A-Att-
- 1. 1890 f.r.-ss -. tsr frorn Us car
~isre MIS- Arnis PStrcsEy used me
.eh.cle as life a4fils Aybatat-e
.wner she rescued fgs-s-e sE-olc John
K5oekv frcm GrounlnE iD q pofc- MIS-
Pafrosxy heard t;le screams - . cfll.1
80 e.cfrg 10 the hank saw a cnlle
rfrtiQritrr 70 keep MS feet. sac nl4c<-
~ took the by Clt ~ carnage
nearly. and plshe1 81 tpAar1 me
$500 faa. holding tEe lar1ie Hstn
= beif ehe took fTonl ner waist lne
Ssy grabbed tiae frort 81 nte- y tne
e--rr.se,e ard xae pulled ksck 70 safety.
Virginia gazette. [volume] (Williamsburg, Va.) 1893-192?, 1913-05-08
FIRE DESTROYS
AEROPLANE

HEsfPSTEAD. /. L. Special. TIVE
aarouIaurs and i've hangers were de-
rfrovcd by FIRE today at ths Hempstea1
plains aerodrome. the largest In NORTH
America.
Half "a dozen volunteer fremen were
burned aavinE twenty-three Other
aer0rlanea which were hauled from
the Are zone The damage II estimated
az over $4,000.
All thr avlators IN tho Mexican
Army. az well as many prominent
United states airmen secured their
training here.
Virginia gazette. [volume] (Williamsburg, Va.) 1893-192?, 1913-05-08
BANKS MUST PAY
INTEREST ON LOANS

WkaHfNGTON, D. C. Special. -
a pprozIsnateiy el.efo.Q09 annual ar
1000 vi h,e aGdeo g &c Government
e.e.frar< - TIE result 81 an acton Or
R1cretstfy ~ fhe Treasury AcAoop
Weenesday. requiring al Goyernment
eeposi1afies 20 pay Interest az ne rate
~ per cent Or afeF48e toprtliy
$1,000 20 be credited seml-annueli5.
srro.ntines VIII be mace On January
Isl end July Ia q eacn year. ~ ~
~~<n- = take the fullest possible
..rno,nr 81 advantage or the new step.
$500, NcAdoo placed an add
Virginia gazette. [volume] (Williamsburg, Va.) 1893-192?, 1913-05-08
YOUNG MEN HAZE
NEWLY WE'D COUPLE
FIGHT ARRESTED FOR DUCkINC
GIFE N TROUGH AND M
FREsl5NTSG III si3A>D-

MIDLAND. Ia Epsclzl.- Eight
qourr men were arre2tec fof me A4z-
ir.r they gave LisrezlGE - .eonaiF aflo
- Drioe. wno0e marriage A. an
-,on-cr6 recently. The marriage had
ts.-eu kent secret for Ave months and
49, announced a. q 1llrer party -
re- raother q the bride
me guests irrprlsO-le1 AtlecnaF ~
. coal btn and se1t r-rn mere 81
1900 -. Egledrar xas duekec ln
= rubI5c trough
Virginia gazette. [volume] (Williamsburg, Va.) 1893-192?, 1913-05-08

suburb. notified the police OF his
vsife-s remarks. The woman vas ar
rested and Is believed 20 be unbal-
anced mentally. An immediate search
was made Of Robinson Run and the
infant Enclosed ia a covered basket.
was found IN the water near a coal
mine. a quarter OF mile below Oak
dale
Virginia gazette. [volume] (Williamsburg, Va.) 1893-192?, 1913-05-08
TEfLs HUSBAND sHE
MIRDERED VIZ BAI54

PTTTFBTRG. PA SDeclai---Hrs.
Joseph Serncr has told her husband
that sac had thrown their six-Wecfs-
Ola babe into Robinson Pun, near
here about a week ago. The child
rsynerlouely disappeared from the
eemer home and the authorities have
been i1veatigatinR
senior. Who lives A. oakdsie. a
Virginia gazette. [volume] (Williamsburg, Va.) 1893-192?, 1913-05-08
FIRE
Chief IS BURNED
pETERsBTRG. W specls

PETERSBURG. VA Special. Fire
Chief r.. v Farley was burned about
the face and hands while lighting nrt
liza a negro tenement on Low street
The burns are not serious, but Cnief
Farley viii be out OF commission Tor
couple OF days
The tenement. q frame building. own
"a 10y negroes. was destroyed.
An explosion Of an OIL can o. beiicse 60
10 have caused chief Farlcy's inlurisr-
Virginia gazette. [volume] (Williamsburg, Va.) 1893-192?, 1913-05-08
STEAMER IS SUNK;
POUR LIVES LOST

CJXHAVEN, GERMANY - Special
The Swedish steamship tloTa was
eunk with the los OF four lives in coll
fision with the British steamer Mozard.
near the Elbe lightship today.
Virginia gazette. [volume] (Williamsburg, Va.) 1893-192?, 1913-05-08

certainly won't issue a secret license.
Mr.. Breeder replied.
The near-hride and the near-grssrn
left. disappointed. disConsolate-
Its shame" they said
Virginia gazette. [volume] (Williamsburg, Va.) 1893-192?, 1913-05-08

If the Sherman antitrust law has
anything 20 90 with baseball lets re-
Deal The iaw.--Halifax Record.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1913-01-05

mark having twelve hundred parts,
was taken up by Charles K. Fank~
hauser, OF Boston. who invented SO
many improvements. that 1t now con-
sists of ninety eight parts, and thus
made as practicaI as the telephone or
typewriter II has been sometimes
called the dictagraph, notably In tile
w j, Burns detective work recently
The equipment he shows, just shipped
him by Arthur NJ. McGritfts, of the
company. at Providence, r.. T., is for
dictation purposes, and takes an hours
continuous dictation Of correspondence
on each spool Of wire record. as many
spools as necessary being used. The
typist can start. stop, or reverse the
mac hine Instantly When stopped. Il
automat icany backs up for several
words, so that when again started the
typist hears these words before hear
ing further words TO be typed; and is
enabled 10 typewrite correspondence
very rapidly without fear Of mistakes
A. long distance control enables the
dictator and typlst to be in difference
places ct the same time. Letters can
be as easily dictated over the tele-
phone az In the presence Of the ma
chine, and II is only necessary to get
hold of a telephone 10 dictate letters.
Letters may he spoken to the ma
chine or over the phone to II. and the
small wire record may be mailed as a
letter may be.
Stethoscope records will delight the
doctors and medical students- Tele-
phone conversations, local as we'll as
long distance. are recorded in the ac-
tuai voices OF all parties to the CONVEX
ate 1rd NJ
repeated as often as desired. These
records will last as long as steel will
last. and repetitions do not affect them
The same wire may be used as often
as desired for new records.
Reporters can call up their news
na per of ces and phone the events hap
pening ar any place where they may be-
and the linotype opere tor at the news
paper office can hear the teiegraphone
record and put the story into type,
without any writing having been done.
The telephone MESSAGES that come
to ones off ce In his absence may be
recorded on the TELEGRAM hone, and he
can get them when desired by simply
leaving the Instrument ION the auto
matte" when the current that rings
his phone hell starts the machine run
ming for a minute or more, as it may
re set and the words Of the person
calling will be faithfully recorded.
After the administrative board gets
into good workin~ order 1t may he that
the installation of dicta graph may
minimize time and argument
fr rs suy-r-t~ti-tAr that vvh.-rr n ss4Fs -A-sa
long speech to make before the
board. he may make 1t 70 the dicta-
graph, while the memt ers of the board
may be busy at something else. Later
they can hear the speech. and thus
take action. without using the time Of
their own stenographer. or consuming
the boards time. These speeches are
recorded, and may be produced at any
time in the words and voice Of the man
who may present them.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1913-01-05

January I'd She served delightful re-
freshments to her guests.
DR.. John Potts, Of Omaha. wac tho
Christmas guest Of his brother. Mr..
James Potts
MIR WINS Jensen. Of Richmond. In
visiting in cur midst
Miss Mabel Richardson. who In
teaching In Gloucester, was the guest
Of her mother for the holidays, al
was her sister. Miss Myra Richardson,
Of the Normal school in Harrlsonbura.
Mr.. Frank RiehaI dson, Of Newport
News was also holiday visitor here.
Mrs, w. r. Woodward entertained
at dinner on the 29th, having as her
guests. Mir. and Mrs. A. w Jennings,
Mrs. L. r. Meauley and li,tle son. az
Toano: Mr., and Mrs. Fl. II Turner, OF
Lanexa, and Miss Kate Taylor. OF
Wayneshoro. Va.
Miss Belle Radcliffe, ct Richmond.
is Mrs. Woodward"s house guest,
Mrs. Hans D!eihoi OF Barton
Heights. and Mrs. Lawson Cooke. OF
Richmond. are the guests Of their
parents, Mr.. and Mrs Sylvanus God.
din
Miss Dele Richardson is visiting
relatives In Newport News,
Mrs w. Fl Barnes. Jr.. and little
son are the guests OF Rev. w. FL.
B7rres, Sr.
There was a Christmas dance aft Mr..
John Brandts in the holidays. Many
Of the young people attended
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1913-01-05
BIG FIGHTS WITH NATURE
BY n. H. sHEPsToSE,

as much patience and no little hard
ship.
First came the Mont Cents tunnel.
admitting a through railway COM
nunicgtion between Paris and Turlin,
in Italy. IT In seven and q half miles
long. took thirteen years TO make.
ard entaHea IA expenditure Of about
sI5, 100000. II at once revoiut.onized
travel from France and England to
ITALY. Indeed. Its success was so
great that 1t was decided to build
another. the St. Gothard Tunnel, Civ
ing direct railway communications be-
tween Berlin and italy, through, OF
course. Switzerland. Although some
two miles longer than the Mont Gents
project, 1t was buft In ten years at
a cost OF slf.so0.o00.
Other tunnels in the Alps include
the Ardelhurg enterprise, six and a
half miles in length. giving railway
access between switzerland and Aus
sria, the Taucern Tunnel, FIVE and u
qmgter miles In length. opened in
January. 1909; and the more wonder
fui OF all. however, In the Simplon
'urnei. running from .srigue to fselle,
IL distance of tweve :nd a half miles.
the longest tunnel In the world, being
more than twice the length OF the
Central ond0n railway.
No branch Of engineering calls for
greater skill and more resourcefu,-
ness than that OF driving a tunnel
through the heart OF great mountain,
TO make EUre n rrc nEHdfUTs rTeer~
Ing. the engineer must not put tool tn
rock until all hls calculations have
teen made most carefully by compass
and theodolte, and verified time at
ter time. To deal with the water
springs posslf ly lurking in the noun
tain's heart he must drive the tunnel
on a rising gradient to the center, a
much more complicated feat than a
perf actly reetilinear course.
The Slmplon Is what is termed 81
double tunnel There are two parallel
tunnels. ffty-stx feet apart from CEN
ter to center. one for each track Al
present only ons tunnel is finished and
in use: but the gallery for the other
was driven right through and con-
nected at intervals with the fret ny
cross headings 10 assist in the trans
portation OF the n1atertass, and the
ventilation Of the workings
Before boring operations began a
most thorough survey OF the pass and
the surrounding peaks was made TO
determine the direction of the tun-
nell At each end was fixed sight
~ gsstftrt 1sf+3fs ys2sgss1 .f geff.tsf hes
center-fine forward This part OF the
work was so accurate that thu error
in direction amounted to but eight