davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-10-26
1.-THE, WAY CONGRESS
IS MADE UP AND RUN
An Account of How the Government of the
United States Forms and Maintains the
Chief Executive and Legislative Bodies
ARTICLE I.

, sors are elected. Ordinari ly the Vice
President presides; he has no vote unless
the Senate is a tie on any question. in
which case he has the casting vote At
the beginning Of each Congress, to pro-
vide against the temporary or permanent
absence Of the Vice President. the Senate
chooses temporary president or -presi.
dent pro tenn" who retains his ordinary
vote, and having once voted has, Of course.
no casting vote II the Senate be equally
divided. The president pro TEN. Is not
Vice-Presdent and does not succeed to
the Presidency.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES,.
The House Of Representatives is COM
posed Of an indefinite number of members
elected by the people OF the states for
terms of two years; the exact number
from any state at any particular time
is in proportion 10 its population, except
that every state must be allowed at least
one Representative. The first House Of
Representatives (apportioned by the Con-
stitution itself, in advance OF census)
numbered sixty-hve; the first House, af-
ter an enumeration OF the people had
been made, numbered one hundred and
five-one for every 5000 OF the popula-
ton. The Constitution says that there
shall not be more than one Representa-
tive for each 10000 people, but leaves ri
TO the Congress 20 decide whether or
not there shall be less. After each ten
year census Congress has increased this
basis of representation; after the CEN
sus of 1900 it provided for only one Rep
resentative for every 1921 people mot
every 1873, POI voters) in the country. De- |
spite this increase in the basis, the total |
number of Representatives has steadily I
increased
Representatives in Congress are voted |
for by the persons who are allowed by
the states to vote for the most numerous
branch of the state Legislature. Whoever .
can vote for members OF the one can vote /
for members of the other. II state |
disuualifes any class OF its citizens for
voting for it's own legislature, by so doing
II disqualifies that class for voting for
members of Congress.
THE POPULAR" BRANCH.
Tho House of Representatives repre-
sents the people rather than the states.
1t is therefore ordinarily termed the
popular" branch. 1t has always been
considered in a way inferior 10 the SEN
ate, but there is no warrant in the Con-
stitution for this. AS matter Of fact
the House is, if anything, the more
powerful of the two. for it holds the
purse strings. being granted the sole
power to originate laws imposing taxes
ITO be continued.)
Copyright 1910. 1911. Harper & Bros. New
York.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-10-26
POWER OF WoMEN's CLUBS.

Women DO not realize to-day the
enormous power they WELD through their
organized clubs. The greatest force for
good in New York to-day is the Fedora
ton of Women's Clubs.
Look at California. The women's
clubs don't do to-day half the good work
they did before they got the vote. They
don't do good team work now, because
they are all split up into three political
parties, each jealous of the others, each
pulling in a different way
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-10-26

MOTE: THIS Is THE FIRST OF
SERIES OF ARTICLES on STATE AND
CIVIC MATTERS OF INTEREST TO EVERY
CITIZEN.I
Congress, according to the Constitution,
consists Of two houses-a Senate and
House of Representatives. The Constitu-
ton does not mention the President In this
connection, although later on it gives MIN
limited authority to negative a proposed
law. The Constitution, therefore, does not
consider the power TO interpose a negative
10 he mart of the Legislative power or
the government somewhat surprising
position, but not one Of any practical i'm
portance
THE SENATE.
The Senate is composed of two members
from each state whatever its size), chos-
en- By the Legislature thereof for a term
Of six years The Senate. therefore, rep
resents the states as such. II Is sur
viyal from the confederation days. when
the Congress consisted OF one house only,
i'm which each state had one vote. When
, the Constitution was adopted the states
were far more jealous Of their rights IMAM
they are now and feared greatly that they
might lose their identity In that or the
national government AS a mark OF their
| Sovereignty" they established the Senate
in which all should he equal; and TO
guard against any possibility OF losing
this equality they provided that no state
should be deprived Of IT without its own
consent. which. Of course would never be
of Bile
provisions in the Constitution; not even
the people can change 1t. Senators must
be at least thirty years old, and must be
actual residents Of the states from which
they are chosen.
In case one of state IS seats in the Sem
ate becomes vacant when the Legislature
is not in session. the Governor Of the state
NAV name some one to fill the place until
the Legislature can meet and elect. How
ever if the Legislature. for any reason,
adjourns without having elected any one
the place must remain vacant; under such
circumstances the Governor has no power
TO fll It.
The senate is a continuing body-one
always in existence. One-third OF Its
members go out Of Office every two years
Gin odd years.. while the other two-thirds
hold over There is, therefore, always
a majority OF the Senate sworn in. and the
senate itself is always qualified TO do
| business.
The Vice-P President Of the United States
| (who is elected every four years along
with the President OF the United States)
is the president Of the Senate. All other
Senate officers are elected by the Senate
and retain their posts until their success
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-10-26

The Women's Henry George League Of
New York will hold its first social even
ing Of the season on Wednesday. october
%. nj the rooms Of the Manhattan Single
TaN Club, Ne. a. West 42d street. These
social evenings. which take place the last
Wednesday Of each month, from October
to April inclusive. are a regular feature
Of the leagues winter work. The pro-
gramme is short and informal, speeches
discussions, questions and answers-thes
the rest OF the evening is given up to
social intercourse. The league is pledged
10 the spread of the social and economic
American thinker.
The October meeting of the executive
board of the National Society of the
Daughters of the Revolution was held at
the society's headquarters. in the Aeolan
Building. West 42d street There were
twenty members present, including the
regents of New Jersey. Pennsylvania and
New York and officers from Massachu-
sets. together with three ex-presidents-
general-Mrs. d. Phoenix Ingraham. Miss
Alkaline w. Sterling and Mrs. Frank ].
Fitz. Mrs. Clarence l.. Bleakley, the
president-general, was in the chair. The
usual complete reports were given, the
treasurer's balance being large, and twen-
ty adults and six Juniors were elected to
membership in the Daughters OF the
Revolution. approved by the registrar,
Miss Mary A Todd. OF Boston. Plans Tor
the annual convention in Minneapolis IN
June were discussed and programme of
wide interest was begun.
Active preparations are being made ny
the woman's auxiliary TO the rescue WORK
Of the Salvation Army for their bazaar
10 be held at the Rescue Home, No. SlS
East 18th street, on November 5. and Z.
The proceeds are to be devoted to fur
nishing the hospital floor On the bazaar
committee are Mrs. o. d. NJ. Baker, Miss
Marie Baer. Mrs Belle Gold-Cross. Mrs.
Nellie johnson, Mrs. j. Franklin Donneli,
Mrs. Emma Kip Edwards, Miss Josephine
Mcmahon. Mrs. Minnie Pancosit. Miss
Rosa Rand. Mrs b. Bellinger, Mrs. John
S. Crosby, Miss MAZDA Craigen, Mrs. Lii
liam McCandless, Mrs W. w. TAFT Mrs
oliver G.. Field, Mrs. A. NJ. Palmer. Mrs.
Edith +. Ranger. Mrs. William b. Smith,
Mrs. Emma Williams and others.
reception and campaign meeting IN
the interests Of the fusion ticket will DC
r3ven by Republican women in the rooms
of the Republican Club, No. 81 West 4oth
street on Tuesday afternoon. October a.
at O'Clock. MIR. and Mrs. John Purros
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-10-26
Your Cooperation?

This department aims to be of value to
every Kind OF An opportunity will be
given to every reader to discuss on this page any
subiect-civic, social or domestic-of interest to
women.
Suggestions will always be welcome. Address
all communications to the Editor of the Woman's
Forum, New-York Tribune, l54 Nassau ST., New
York City.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-10-26
Ms N,-tkur NJ. RoqS'e>

refuses to submit meekly TO the evils that
surround her children and who is seeking
Tor power 20 correct them.
MARTHA WENTWORTH SUFFREN,
ice-Chairman Woman's Suffrage Party
OF New York.
Now York CITY.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-10-26
MEN MADE PURE MILK LAW.

The suffragists talk a great deal about
pure milk and the necessity of the wom-
ans vote to save the lives of babies They
don't tell that il was men who started
the pure milk agitation. II was not
women, but. the Bureau Of Municipal Ie-
search that began the fight against hIant
mortality by sending trained nurses INTO
the homes of the poor. The men are Just
as much interested in pure milk as wom-
en- are They don't want their babies 10
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-10-26

D. Holt the new second vce-presldent,
scheduled for the year. Percy Mackaye
read selections from several OF his plays.
At the next members meeting. on Fri
day. November H. Mrs. James NJ Ballan-
tine chairman OF study, has arranged for
the reading OF some scenes from Brieux's
play Damaged Goods" by Mrs. Eva
Phipps. After this an analysis OF the plot
and conditions OF society will be given by
DR.. Gladys Gayler Rice. This Will be
, followed by free discussion
After years absence Mrs Mary Stokes
McNutt will preside at the seasons first
meeting of the Minerva Club, Of which
she is president, on Monday, October q.
Luncheon will be served AT o'clock; Mrs.
Edward l.. Pearsall Jenkins is chairman
OF the committee. The afternoon session
will start at 3 o'clock. The chairman tf
the day is Mrs. John Yawger. and the
subject for discussion will be THE Use
and Abuse OF Literature" Tho speakers
are Miss Florence Weir Gibson. DIR. Mar
tina FCote Grove and Miss Jessie b. Ritz
tenhouse On December a banquet and
ball will be given in honor OF the presi-
dent. Mrs. Francis Ernest Hadley has
charge of the arrangements.
At the first business meeting OF the sea-
son OF the Bel Canto Club. on. October A.,
q number OF new members were admitted.
and everything points to an interesting
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-10-26
KNOWLEDGE, NOT VOTES.

1T isn't the vote. though, that helps
a man TO keep his babies alive. 1t is
knowledge. 1t isn't woman's awakening
that has aroused public interest in all
these matters of public health. 1t IS the
awakening of science 1t is science. not
votes, that will give us pure food, clean
streets and social hygiene"
Mrs. Arthur Murray Dodge. president
of the National Association Opposed TO
Suffrage for Women. says:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-10-26

The Congress Of States Societies prom
Uses an interesting dinner for next Thurs
day at the Cafe de Paris. At 80 o'clock
there will be a reception, and o'clock is
the hour for dinner There will be tables
representing Maine, Ohio, Indiana, Michl-
gan, New York Texas, South Carolina,
Alabama, Colorado and California. There
will be a speaker from each state. and the
music will be furnished by the Moore Trio.
The committee in charge OF the dinner Is
Mrs. Vivian, chairman. No. 407 West l23d
street Miss B. l.. Soule, No 2O4 Columbia
Heights. Brooklyn :. Mrs. A. A. Fisher. No.
469 9th street, Brooklyn; Mrs. C. b. Hrst,
No. POI West 1O1st street; Mrs. a. f..
Hancock. Hotel Ansohia; Mrs. r. A. Lau.
No. 1928 Broadway; Mrs. Simon Baruch,
No. 81 West 10th street; Mrs. C. L. Hatch,
Englewood. n. j.. and Mrs. Cornelius Sui
Ivan, No. 40 Sound View avenue, New
Rochelle, " Y. Exiles from any state Will
be heartily welcomed on this occasion
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-10-26

Tickets may be obtained from any mem
Der OF the committee.
The Professional Woman's League at
No. 1899 Broadway, Of which Miss Nadia
Craigen is president, is very busy place
these days. The rehearsals have started
OF the benefit that the members are going
to hold on November IS in the Casino
Theatre through the generosity or Lee
. Shubert. The first part Of the perform
ance is to be the ministries" by members.
followed by tableaux vvants representing
prominent women OF the stage. Monday.
October q, will be social day at the
league. and Miss Mary Nash will be guest
Of honor. on Halloween there will be a
costume dance at the league rooms.
The first social meeting of the New
Workers Club will be given at the Hotel
Astor on Friday evening, November I.
Mrs. William f.. Wilkinson will be chair
man. The subject of the evening will be
Education" On Thursday, December II,
the New Workers. will give their first
dance, with Mrs. Charles X. Mills as chair
man. Delegates to the City Federation
from the club are Mrs. Henry II. Russell,
president: Mrs. Charles X. Mills and Mrs.
Mary Lilly: alternates, Mrs William Il.
Wilkinson, Mrs. Michael Molly and Mrs.
NJ. Mcintyre: delegates TO the State Fed
Grafton, in Buffalo, are Mrs Henry II.
Russell, Mrs Horace A. Rounds. Mrs. I.
ID. Post and Mrs. Alexander Jackson.
A social meeting OF the Iowa New
Workers was held on Friday afternoon In
the college room OF the Hotel Astor.
The Little Mothers Aid Association, of
which Mrs. Clarence Eurns is president,
will hold a bazaar and flower fete at the
Waldorf A storia on Saturday, December
6, afternoon and evening. Mrs. Albert
Gallatin Weed will be chairman OF the
bazaar this year. Meetings are now being
held at Happy Day House, No. 236 Sec
ond avenue. every Thursday at II a. m.
great many OF the boxes have been
taken and the bazaar, as usual, prom
Uses to be a success.
Life as a Fine Art Club, Mildred Manly
Easton, president, held tea at the home
OF Mrs. Louis ID. Arata. No. 10 Rutland
Road, Brooklyn on Wednesday. October
81
All women Interested are cordially In
vited to attend the regular monthly pup
lie meeting of the Woman's National
cabbath Alliance IN he held on Monday,
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-10-26

Mitchell. Mr.. and Mrs. Marcus NJ. Marks.
Mr. and Mrs Charles S. Whitman and
other candidates and their wives will be
present. Mr. Mitchell. Mr.. Prendergast'
Mr.. Marks and other candidates VIII
speak, and Mrs. J. Borden Hartman.
Miss Helen Varick Boswell, Mrs. John
Francis Yawger and other women inter
ested in the fusion movement will be
heard. There will be orchestral music.
All club women interested in good gov
ernment are invited to attend
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-10-26

season. on the fourth Saturday OF each
month an informal reception is given, with
different members acting as hostesses, and
two large concerts will be given during the
season, at which the Bel Canto choral,
under the baton of Mime. Beatrice Goldie,
will have the assistance OF we'll known
artists. The officers OF the club are !;
Nine. Beatrice Goldie. president; Mrs.
James c. Blaine, vicepresident; Mrs
Lillian T. Schmidt, treasurer; Miss Eleanor
Vinlequez, secretary, and Miss Esther
Cooney, chairman Of press and records.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-10-26
3 The WOmanS Forum
WOMEN FIGHT BEST
WITHOUT THE VOTE
Mrs Arthur M. Lodge Says Organized Clubs Are
Women's Stronghold and That Votes Split
Up Clubs and Destroy Team Work.

The guardianship bill was passed without
a negative vote in either house.
"A suffragist. writing on equal guar
dianship, says:
at took the mothers Of Massachusetts
fifty-fve years to get an equal guardian
shin law. but after the women obtained
the ballot in Colorado the very next
Legislature enacted one
THE suffrage writer is characteristica!ly
silent about Wyoming. where women nave
voted for more than forty years without
passing an equal guardianship law AS
matter of fact. there are fourteen states
which now have such a law, and Colorado
is the only suffrage state in the four
teen.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-10-26

Photographs of members of women >
clubs will be published from time -
time In this department If sent ana az
dressed to the Editor of the woman
Forum, New-York Tribune, No. lof va
sau street
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-10-26

The National Society Of Patriotic Wom-
men OF America. Mrs. J. Heron Crosman,
president. will hold its first open meeting
for the season at the Waldorf-Astoria on
October 80. The meeting will open with
business at , 80 o'clock, and Will he fol-
lowed at o'clock by addresses and music.
The speaker Of the afternoon will be Pro-
fessor Robert Livingston Schuyler, OF Co.
lumbia College. who will talk on THE
Education OF the Immigrant The music
will be In charge OF Miss Edyth May
Glover. This society. organized In the
spring OF 1908, is now opening its ffth
season. with 400 members enrolled II
maintains eight classes I'm various parts
Of the sity, six for boys and two for girls,
the object being "the education in citizen
ship and in patriotism OF the children OF
immigrants" The chairmen appointed for
the current year are Mrs. Gerard Banck-
or. reception committee; Mrs. Carl Won
Mayhoff, flag committee; Mrs. Thomas j..
Vivian. printing committee, and Mrs.
Harvey Tyson White, ways and means
committee.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-10-26
MEN MADE WHITE SLAVE LAW.

THE suffragists are making a great
deal of this California white slave case
but they do not tell that that case was
prosecuted under federal law made by
men. Suffrage In California had abso-
lutely nothing to do with it. II came
under the provisions Of the Mann act Of
October. 1910. under which there have
been COS convictions and only So acquittals.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-10-26

growth consisted In the assimilation OF
those truths, and the most valuable part
of my intellectual work was in building
the bridges and clearing the paths which
connected them with my general system
OF thought" Q. Z. D.
HANNAH HELBURN.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-10-26

The Society for Political Study, Mrs.
Austin Norman Palmer, president, VIII
hold its regular meeting on Tuesday at
the Hotel Aston. After the parliamentary
Grill on Introduction of Business" a
paper on Municipal Current Events" will
be read by Mrs. William G. Demarest.
Mrs Mortimer NJ Menken will be chair
man of the debate, Resolved, That
Patriotism Can Be Maintained Without
War" The affirmative side will be argued
by Mrs. Elbridge Moore and Mrs. ]. Hud-
son Grant; the negative, by Mrs. Kathe-
rine A. Martin and Mrs. Frank A.
Peteler.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-10-26

A bridge and euchre will be given un-
der the auspices OF the James Monroe
Womans Relief Corps. Mrs W. b
Thompson president, in its rooms at the
Harlem Masonic Temple on "Wednesday
afternoon, October %.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-10-26

Theodore Payne Thurston. D. D.. Bishop
of Eastern Oklahoma, made the memo
rial address. After the service the chap
ter and board members were entertained
by the state regent Mrs. Raynor, at her
home. Tea was served by the hostess,
assisted by DR.. f. NJ Raynor Alfred
Hall, James l.. Wells. Mrs. Il. Livingston
Fox and Mrs Elsie Wilson.
The Vassar Students Aid Society, New
York City branch. will hold its first social
meeting OF the season OF 1914 on Satur-
day, November /. at O'Clock, in the Col
lege Room OF the Hotel Astor, Broadway
and 44th street. There will be readings
by Miss Esther NJ. Forman and music by
Miss K Miriam Sleeves. and an informal
reception will follow. Members are cor
daily invited to bring their friends.
There will be a busiEess meeting for
members at 2:30.
The Century Theatre Club held its first
social meeting of the year at the Hotel
Aston on Friday, October a. when large
audience assembled 10 listen 10 the pro-
gramme. which had teen prepared under
the direct supervision Of the executive
board. At the last members meeting
Mrs. Lewis VI. Isaacs addressed the club
on The Drama League OF America"
and the Century Theatre Club Joined as a
body. Mrs Grace Gayler Clark, the new
president, told what she hoped would be
accomplished during the year. Mrs. Adele
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-10-26

Mrs. Elmer Blair. of Albany, former
president of the State Federation of
Women's Clubs and the only woman
member OF the new State Health Com
mission, has been spending several days
in, New York as the guest of Miss Helen
Varick Boswell. president of the Wom-
ans Forum.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-10-26

All women interested are cordially in
vited to attend the regular monthly pub
lie meeting of the Woman's National
Sabbath Alliance to be held on Monday,
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-10-26

TIL. following consists of group OF opinions
h,. wen known women. There Is sun uL,i'
10 he saiS on this subject. VIII you h0t W.
,onr jsess to the Editor OF the women "
forIIm. New York Tribune. 154 Nassau street,
Arc the suffragists on the wrong track
I'VE want pure milk, they cry we
want clean streets, we want child LABOR
and white slavery abolished-give us the
vote"
VOTES WON'T HELP.
"Jf YOU want those things stop asking
for the vote" say the anti-suffragsts'
..Tbe vote will only make it harder 10
secure reform legislation. Me" W."
listen TO you if you are politicians lneS
will listen. if you are disinteresteu ci''-
zens working not for political party Ou'
for the good of society.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-10-26
VOTES WON'T HELP.
THE ANTS STRONGHOLD.

This is the stronghold of the anti-suf-
fragists' cause.
MANY of our stock arguments against
srnrage" saws Mary Ella Swift in the
"Uomen's Protest" have not been sat
isfving or unanswerable. When tof eA-
ample we argue that woman snail not
have the ballot because she cannot hsHI
we are using a specious reason. All men
are not able to fight. Many women are
able. Women have been warriors. we
do NOT know but the time and the cir
c,,nstances may arise TO make women
warriors again. Certainly any woman
OF the Balkans who found herself uslhe
sword or powder was in the line oil slo-
rious service. regardless of sex.
OUT OF THE TURMOIL.
For me the vital argument against SUI
frage for women is that it would hamper
them in their more effective work along
social and political lines To force puohc
enlightenment is woman's supreme oppor-
tupitv to-day. To have one great section
of the community out of the turmoil oil
nolitical machinery. out of personal con-
tact with the forces that most arouse
nassion and prejudices. is to give that
section immense weight and influence j"
spreading public enlightenment. Let the
woman Join no organization and 90 no
public work. but as a woman OF average
information. with ideas and good judg-
rnent. simply talk on public matters 10
the men and women she meets.
Miss Alice Hill Chittenden tells in this
connection the story Of her own work as
a member of the Connecticut commission
for investigating the labor conditions OF
women.
The men in the board" she said mad
often to stop and consider the relation OF
our plans to politics. They weren't READY
10 do the things l was, because was
free from party Affiliations and they
were chained by them.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-10-26

Life as a Fine Art Club, Mildred Manly
Easton, president, held tea at the nome
OF Mrs. Louis ID. Arata, No. 10 Rutland
Road, Brooklyn. on Wednesday. October
o.