davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1913-01-24

command. Apparently recovered from
his malady, he left the continent for
Martinique, there to lay plans for a
new revolution. But the powers were
now thoroughly awakened. Great Bri
tain came in for sound denunciation
at the hands of the belligerent Castro
because she refused to allow the tyrant
to land in the British West Indies. I'm.
Gle Sam kept a weather eye out for an
attempt to sneak across to American
territory, thus to gain foothold for
an invasion of Central America. France.
watchful of her interests, decided that
the now thoroughly infuriated imposter
would be better off in France than in
the vicinity of Venezuela, and sent a
ship to convey him home. When he
was apprised of this intention he fumed
and swore and fused until he worked
himself into a return of his maladv
and had to be borne on a stretcber.
between two rows of jeering spectators,
not in state, but with only corporal $
guard, to the waiting ship in the har.
Dor.
Such is the story of the checkered
career of Cipriano Castro. Regarded
among the powers as the one supreme
international joke, the great brainless
statesman, the great circus curio of the
age. His mock popularity, however,
drew about him following that gave
him the prominence he most desired
abroad. When he landed in France,
curious mob met him at the pier and
followed him to his elaborate state
rooms at the hotel. Newspaper men
settled themselves in suites adjoining
him and catered to his desires for pub.
licity by taking photographs and
spreading abroad his recitatons of the
deeds of Venezuela's great, though
wronged, liberator. His wealth was
somewhat of an enigma, some declar-
ing that he had deposited $2O,OOO,O0O
in foreign banks, while others main.
tanned that he was poor and honest
statesman, who, by frugal means and
strictest economy, had been able tt
save only couple of millions.
Cipriano Castro is at America s door
The case now before the federal au
thorities bids fair to be one of the
most interesting in the lifehistory OF
this undesirable quantity. The state
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1913-01-24

ment in conditions in the states where
it still exists, but the days of the sys-
tenn in those states are numbered.
Governor Donaghey, of Arkansas, has
taken the matter into his own hands
and declares he will force the issue.
He is determined that the system of
leasing convicts to private parties shall
cease in his state. With his character
istic fearlessness, he last month par.
doned and freed $50 convicts as a pro-
test against the system, with the re-
suit that three convict camps were
wiped out of existence. Immediately
opponents of the governor and support
ers OF the system set up howl against
the Wholesale pardoning, denouncing
the act as gross abuse of power and
blow at the judges and juries. This
criticism may be just, but the act of
the chief executive will doubtless be
justified by results. Governor Donap.
hey says his drastic action is in the
nature Of last resort. He recounts
his fight against the practice, both
in his speeches and as member of the
penitentiary board. His messages to
the legislatures have brought no action
and he says he was driven to the ex-
treme in order to bring about an aboli-
tion of the system that no civilized
country ought to tolerate. While the
step was indeed drastic one, it will
nevertheless have the support of hu.
name and law-respecting people of his
state.
Tennessee and South Carolina still
cling to the system. Yet in these states
sentiment is already working on the
legislative and executive branches of
the government to bring about its abo-
lition. Governor Blease. of South Car.
olina, who has pardoned 500 convicts
in the past two years, declares that
unless the present assembly abolishes
hosiery mill in the penitentiary that
has been condemned by the board of
health, q repetition of the Arkansas
case may be looked for in South Caro-.
lima. Newspapers within the state of
Arkansas are divided in their opinion
of the governors course, but the ma
Jority of the outside papers seem to
feel that results will be for the best.
1t is significant fact that the sup
porters of the convict-leasing system
are, for the most part, persons who
have a pecuniary interest in it.
A problem that is closely interl ocked
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1913-01-24

The matter of increasing the narrow
margin of control which the Demo
Gratis are conceded to have in the COM
ing congress, is the subject of frequent
conferences between prominent Demo
cratic senators and President-elect Will
son. AS the situation now stands, the
membership of the upper body is evenly
divided between the Democrats on the
one hand and the combined forces of
Republicans and Progressives on the
other. This is the general concession
of the Republicans, the Senate num-
bering 30 holdover Democrats, five
newly elected and fourteen regarded
as certain of election. If the fight in
Tennessee, which has developed since
the primary Endorsement Of Ex-gover-
nor Patterson, terminates in favor Of
the Democrats, the slight margin Of
two votes will be the signal for many
a heated contest in that body. The
vote will then stand 40 to AZ.
just what effect the progressive ele-
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1913-01-24

department is chiefly interested in
keeping Castro out of the country for
fear he will use it as base from which
to foment another revolution in Ven
ezuela. The department of commerce
and labor sees it otherwise, and it is
likely the matter will be referred even
tually to the supreme court for settle.
ment.
Poor Castro The most undesired
man on the face of the earth Sans
friends, sans influence, sans country.
he stands before the world very much,
in the same light as did Philip Nolan,
the soldier who said at his trial he,
wished never again to see or hear of
his native land. Nolan spent the bal
ance of his life thereafter on the sea
and never saw or heard the mention of
the United States again The sentence.
meted ont to him was the one he had
asked. No book or newspaper bearing
the name of America ever reached his
hands without first being carefully
serutinized and those parts bearing on
his country clipped out. No photo
graph ever brought before his longing
eyes the picture of his home. His
friends were dead to him. Transferred
from vessel to vessel. he coursed the
seas with never sight of American
shores, until kind Providence relieved
him of his broken heart.
Yet the cases are different, Nolan "a
sentence came as the result of hasty
remark made in moment of impa.
tience. He had the sympathy of his
guards and much sentiment in this
country went out to him during his
Imprisonment on board ship. Castro's
predicament, however, is the result Of
career of deliberate chicanery. He
has made himself joke among the ma
tions, a laughing stock for the whole
world. He has done nothing to excite
sympathy and occupies the position of
an international felon, whose presence
anywhere is menace to the public
welfare. He is an international sur
plus whom the nations cannot decide
where to place. There seems no shelf
to put him on. He is an International
nuisance, regarding the abating Of
which there seems no understanding.
This seems to be the final decision of
his identity
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1913-01-24
Convict Leasing Given Hard Jolt President Elect Is Busy Man

Not all the barbaric customs of the
country have been abolished In three
of the Southern states there still ex-
lists an abuse that stands in need of
stringent anti-legislation. This is the
practice of leasing convicts to private
corporations at SO much per head. The
story of the system makes one of the
black pages of our national history, all
the sordid facts of which have never
been made public. The chain gang
of former days was duplicated and the
cruelties and inhumanities perpetrated
on defenseless convicts of both sexes,
and even children, furnished some of
the most revolving recitations imagina.
able. Devices were employed to keep
the prisoner a convict. When his time
was out, new and false charge would
be pressed against him and he would
be resentenced. Thus the unscrupulous
employer of convict labor retained the
services of his most profitable work.
ers. The lash was frequently employed,
illness and wounds were not regarded
as sufficient excuse for rest, scant
clothing upon women and children ex-
posed their bodies to the ribaldry of
lewd men and the moral welfare of the
convicts received little or no attention.
Children were beaten to death, women
were ravished, stubborn men were sub.
iected to third-degree methods of tor
ture that would shame the inquisition,
while the contractor got rich and the
state received its pittance from the out
RACES.
With the advance of education and
the publicity given the system in the
papers, conditions attending it i'm
proved. Today the evils are considera
bly, less, in some cases being reduced
to minimum. Yet the fight against
it is on and the days of its existence
are numbered. Georgia abolished it in
1908, after an investigation that re.
vealed atrocities undreamed of. 1t is
related that negro convict who re-
fused to work was wrapped in blankets
and placed in box close to a red.hot
stove. He was literally sweated to
death, his tormentors having exceeded
the limit in trying to bring him into
submission. Numerous instances are
told of sick convicts being beaten to
death and these in cases where the
period of punishment was but few
weeks and the offense almost nothing
This investigation caused an improve
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1913-01-24
CiprianO Castro, Man Without a Country

Cipriano Castro, self-styled "Na-
poleon of the Andes" defender of the
faith, liberator of his country, inter
national scapegoat and all-around pub
lie nuisance, is once more before the
public eye. A man without country,
jostled from pillar to post, ousted from
one city and hustled unceremoniously
to the next, the millionaire ex-president
Of Venezuela is now at the door of the
United States seeking admission. He
arrived several days ago from France
and attempted to gain admittance at
the New York harbor. But his plans
were frustrated by the immigration Of
ficials and he was sent back to Ellis
Island to await the decision of the
government in his case. His attorneys
are putting up strong fight, but the
government is obdurate.
The story of Castro's life reads like
the tale of the buccaneers of old. His
career as the "liberator of his people,
began on the borderland of Venezuela
and Colombia. Here the great states
man, whose education was nil, followed
the cattle-rustling business to- such a
degree of success that his herds nun.
bered stock of every conceivable va.
riety of brand. Vigilant to the utmost
degree, he so timed his pasturage that.
when the Colombian assessors appeared
in his vicinity, he was comfortably
feeding his flocks in Venezuelan ter
ritory. SO, too, when the Venezuelan
tax commission sought him out, the
fields of Colombia were found greener,
the grass longer and the water purer.
But this condition of affairs was due
for a change. On one particularly
bright and auspicious morning, apprais-
ers from both countries appeared ST.
multaneously on the scene and the in.
dustrious cattleman was put to his
craftiest resources to dodge the conse.
quences. He failed to make his bluff
count and the herd was discovered. 1t
was found to contain cattle with brands
of such varied description that the en-
tire herd was taken and confiscated to
the governments.
Now, to a man of Castro's tempera.
ment, this action on the part of the au-
thorities was intolerable. His liberty
had been imposed upon, his wealth had
been ruthlessly stolen, his means of
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1913-01-24

/ coast states because of the conserva-
tion policy of the interior department.
Millions of acres Of timber lands have
been withdrawn from entry and placed
in government reserves. The supply of
lumber in the East is rapidly being de-
pleted and the country must look to
the forests of the West for its building
material. Eastern men who have seen
the misuse of their forests and have
followed the effects of. deforestation,
cry aloud for retention of the bulk
of the remaining timber against fu-
ture noeds. Not understanding fully
the conditions of the West, they are
supporting policy that is, in effect,
more stagnation than conservation.
while the West demands development,
and that Immediately.
Because Of ttis wide divergence of
opinion on vital subject, pressure is
being brought to bear on Mr.. Wilson
from Eastern sources to place in the
interior department man who will
carry out the present policy, which
means the Withholding from settlement
Iof millions of acres in the Northwest.
Equally urgent, but with less force be-
cause unsupported by the wealth that
backs the Eastern demand, the West
is clamoring for the appointment Of
Western man who will adopt policy
more in accordance with the desires of
the West for development
The fear of the East is that man
from the public land states of the West
will be too susceptible to local influ-
ences of the West. The fear of the
West is that a man from the East will
have no sympathy at all with condi.
tions of the West, for the reason that
he will carry out the policies of the
office from purely theoretical stand.
point. A man selected from one of the
public lands states would not neces.
sarily be possessed of less theoretical
than the Fastener, but he
would have Practical knowledge of
conditions prevailing in his states that
would supplement his theories and
greatly enhance his value to the coun-
try at large. The Western states should
have greater population than they
now have. They can only get it by q
policy affecting public lands that will
induce the settler to seek home in
this section. That is why the West is
SO deeply interested in the selection of
the next secretary Of the interior.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1913-01-24

livelihood had been taken from him
and he must find redress. The govern
ment of Venezuela was at the time in
the hands of weaklings. Deprived of
his herd, he determined to overthrow
the government that had so flagrantly
trampled on the rights of its citizens.
He would take upon himself the re.
sponsibility of emancipating his coun-
try from the tyranny of such unscru.
pulous and dishonest rulers. He would
break the bonds of his people and lib
crate them from such overlords. Gath
ering together few frontiersmen, as
daring and lawless as himself, but less
powerful, he descended upon the plains
and began a triumphal march upon the
capital that ended in his election to
the presidency of the emancipated
country. Opposition was listless. His
dash and courage struck terror to the
hearts of all opposition. Wounded and
ragged, he sat down before Valencia
with his little army of 500 men and the
garrison of 5000 surrendered to him
without opposition, joined his forces
and assisted him in the capture of the
capital.
For years his iron hand knew no de-
feat. He placed in responsible posi-
tions men who had supported him in
his revolution-men equally as unscru-
pulous, but less courageous than him
SELF Through fear of him, they worked
in entire accord with his wishes. When
the interests of the state interfered
with the interests of the statesmen, the
former was relegated to the back
ground and the Golfers of the latter
swelled. In his travels over the coun.
try, every town was taxed to the ut
most to satisfy the demand of the
ruler for an elaborate reception for
himself and his expensive retinue. So
misery came upon the villages, but the
president grew rich. His career
smacked of the freebooters of old, even
after his election to the presidency.
His high-handed methods might have
been carried on indefinitely had he
not become involved with the powers.
So inflated was he with the sense of
his strength in Venezuela that he re-
garded the world as waiting to bow at
his feet. Here he was mistaken, for
when he began to interfere with COM
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1913-01-24

with the convict problem in the South
is that of the negro. The fact that
most of the convicts are negroes is
probably responsible in measure for
the support that has been accorded the
leasing system. Also the prevalence
of negroes among convicts has made
easier the perpetuation of the prison
sentence, the negro being more easily
imposed upon.
The convictleasing system was the
outgrowth of conditions resulting from
the Civil War. without a sufficient
number of jails, with treasures de-
pleted, and the vagrant negro thrown
upon the South without the means or
the disposition to support himself, the
states of the South found themselves
totally unable to handle the crime prob
lem. Designing contractors, encour-
aged and assisted by equally designing
politicians, saw in the convict-leasing
system immense profits for themselves
Continued on page ~
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1913-01-24

merce he suddenly found himself up
against a stone wall and the arrogant
braggart came in for sound spanking
at the hands of the United States, Eng
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1913-01-24
Following the Water Grade

Modern railroad building while
water grade wherever feasible often
where the road clnging cliff suddenly
The blown
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1913-01-24

standing malady. Vice-president Go.
mez succeeded to the presidency, enc.
mics of Castro were placed in public
positions and the reign of the "bad
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1913-01-24

Continued on page p
Evening star., 1913-02-16
The Assembly,.

The annual assembly of the Order of
Washington. to be held at Rauscher' s
Friday evening, promises to prove an
especially enjoyable occasion, several
hundred compatriots of the organization
and their friends being expected to at
tend.
Mr. William de Hertburn Washington
of the Washington family of Virginia and
prominent in New York southern society
circles and Senator Duncan L. Fletcher
of Florida are to make addresses during
the evening. Mr.. Washington, who bears
the name OF William dc Hertburn of
washington. ore of the early founders Of
the Washington family i'll England, will
take for his subject Our Splendid Past;
It's Ideals and Men while Senator
Fletcher will deliver the eulogy of Gen
Washington
The reception at the opening will be-
gin at S:15 o'clock. Rear Admiral Charles
II. Stockton, u. S. NJ. commander of the
order. heading the line. which will also
include, besides Mr.. Washington and Sen
ator Fletcher, Brig Gen Marcus j.
and Mrs. Wright: Mrs. Stockton. Mrs
Joseph Rucker Lamar Miss Lucille Bacon
Of Omaha. Mrs. James Marion Johnston.
Mrs George w. Brown. Miss Helen Nc
Cumber and Miss Mamie Randolph Heth.
The presentations will be made by DR..
Joseph G. B. Bulloch. chancellor and
historian-general, of the order: Mr.. Will
liam NJ. Conrad. chairman of the floor
committee. and Mr.. William Payne Mer-
edith. the vice chairman.
The addresses will follow the reception.
and after brief musical program Chap
lain George Livingston Bayard. U. 8.
N, and chaplain general of the order
will deliver the benediction. A supper
will then be served.
The dancing program will follow, the
floor committee being made up of Mr.
Conrad. chairman: Mr.. Meredith. vice
chairman: Capt. John w. Wright. u 8.
A.: Commander Thomas Washington, U.
s.. N: Mr.. Frederick H Hitchcock of
New York. DIR. Arthur Adams of Hart
ford, Conn.,: Mr.. Francis Culver of Bal
timore. Mr.. Daniel Smith Gordon, Pay
master r. Mason Ball. L. s. N: DR..
Charles III. Bowker. DIR. Joseph G.. B.
Bulioch. DR.. Charles Neill Macbryde,
Mr. Howard p. Wright. Lieut.. Claudius
Feamster. L. S. A. Mr.. Douglas Bullooh
and Mr.. Alfred Barbour Dent.
Evening star., 1913-02-16
Weddings.

At the recent marriage in Pittsburgh of
Miss Nettie NJ. Hunt and DR. Joseph Z.
Cook the bride wore Neil rose chiffon
yelling white satin, with bodice and tunic
made of silver cloth, heavily embroidered
in silver beads. Her slippers were of sill
yer, with rhinestone buckles. and as
a. headdress she wore diamond comb.
She carried a white satin prayer book.
The only attendant was the sister Of the
bride Mrs Edwin r. Perkins, jr., who
was gowned In pale pink chiffon draped
In a robe Of duchesse lace, carrying an
armful Of white roses.
Mrs Hunt, the mother of the bride
wore an exquisite, creation Of lavender
brocaded chiffon, draped over panels of
gold lace The yoke was of fine white
chiffon edged In pearls. and a foundation
of shimmering pink satin reflected
through the fiowered tunic, giving the ef
feet OF a pinkish violet tnge to the en-
tire gown. Her flowers We're purple or
chids.
wedding supper to twenty-eight
guests followed, eight being seated at the
bridal table. which was centered with a
basket of tulips, with a cluster. Of. yiolets
On the handle, tied with "a bow of pink
Evening star., 1913-02-16

Lieut.. Commander De Frees and Mr.
Waggaman.
Mr.. Kienlin entertained Informally
at luncheon yesterday.
Representative and Mrs. Henry D.
Clayton are entertaining number Of
guests at 1:3O dinner today.
Mrs. John Downing, who was the guest
of Representative and Mrs. Clayton, has
returned to her home in Georgetown,
Ky.
Mrs. Chamberlain. wife OF Senator
Chamberlain, entertained at small tea
last Friday afternoon, when she was as
sisted by her two guests. Mrs. c. w.
Renner of Mississippi, sister of the host
ess, and her daughter. Mrs. III. R..
Gather of Portland, Ore.
Miss Frances Brooks will entertain at
a small dance Saturday, February %, in
compliment to Miss Miriam Hubbard of
Chestertown. Md, who is the guest OF
Miss Ruth Larner.
The Brazilian ambassador and Nine. da
Cana will entertain at a reception at the
embassy on 10th street February 24. The
ambassador and his wife returned yes
terday from New York.
Tba T<o1ioD a N, ho COO dor Moru,lfS CHS nj
Evening star., 1913-02-16
Chevy Chase Club.

Capt and Mrs. w. T. Davis entertained
at dinner last night at the Chevy Chase
Club in honor of Maj. and Mrs. Walter
Gordon, Miss Anna Moyle and Mrs.
Davis aunt, Mrs. Antinette Hasbrouck Of
San Francisco. Cal; Major Daniel De-
wore and DIR. Edward Talbot.
Mrs. Charles F. Humphries, wife Of
Gen. H1Imphries, entertained informally
at the club last night at dinner in honor
Of Mrs. Hubbel and Mrs. Rowland Of
New York city.
Maj. William D. Connor, U. S. A. and
Mrs. Conner entertained large party
dinner the party enjoyed the dancing
which is a feature every Saturday night.
Mrs. J. NJ. Carlisle entertained at din
Evening star., 1913-02-16
Special Offer of
Spring Suits and Dresses at
S25 and S20. so.

Season prices for these garments will be $500
This sale is for the purpose of keeping worroo busy
during d February days-to prevent laying off amy OF
we'll trained and efficient taorst keep alteration
force intact until the rush of Spring business begins.
We feel that afford to lose money
complish this end
The who is thrifty enough to purchase her spring
garments exceptionally good attention i'm
fitting department. i'm addition to making SNUG
saving.
Evening star., 1913-02-16
Fur Announcement.

Prior to placing Them inn storage, we offer a re-
manning Fur Coats and Sets at the greatest reduc=
tions attempted furs of similar elegance and
duality. Present prices are less THAN wholesale and
warrant buying for next winter, aside from their
value for immediate