davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-08-02
Witnesses Had Records.

II was also shown that each one OF
the four witnesses he brought 10 bear
out by direct testimony his charge that
he had been unlawfully arrested and
beaten had been convicted of offences
similar to his own. Healey himself
was brought To court from Hart
Island, where he was serving three
months sentence for fe!cnious assault
committed against Roane. He was in
the custody Of Head Keeper Cotter. who
was testifying, that his sentence had
expired at that hour. He is still under
indictment. however, on charge Of
malicious mischief as "A result Of
trouble he got into in house at Eighth
avenue and 18th street, when he was
shot twice In the leg by a Miss Cum
ningham.
The present case grew out Of Healey's
arrest on May by Roane on a charge
of dsorderly conduct. He was taken to
night court and found guilty by Mag
istrate Campbell. who ordered Roane TO
take him TO a cell. While the police
man was doing this Healey attacked
him, and as n result Of this attack the
magistrate changed his sentence to
three months for felonious assault.
After he went to Jail his father pre-
sented charges against the policeman,
alleging that the latter had beaten his
son. He also charged that Lieutenant
Sennett had taken no action TO prevent
this and had made no report OF 1t.
Continued on second page, second column.
The log cabin Democrat., 1913-09-02
PLANS PERFECTED
TO OIL STREETS
CITY TO SHARE IN WORK
COST OF OILING WILL AVER
AGE ABOUT SO FOR EACH
RESIDENCE.

Within the next two or three days
an order will be placed for the first
tank car of road oil to be used in oil
ing the streets of Conway, and it is
believed that citizens will be enlisted
on every important residence street in
the city to take this step toward an
abatement of the dust nuisance. If
the oil can be applied within the next
week or two it will not only keep
OWN the dust during the dryest part
of the year, the fall months, but will
also prevent much of the usual mud
in the winter.
Acting for number of citizens, G.
l.. Bahner has secured a delivered
price of 5 cents per gallon for the
best quality of road oil, containing 40
to 80 per cent of asphalt and being
much more serviceable than the ordi-
nary crude oil. 1t is stated that gal
Ion will cover two square yards of
streets, and that the average cost to
each residence, assuming that the av-
erage frontage is about $50 feet, will
be in the neighborhood of $40.
eements have been made with
the street and alley committee of the
Conway city council whereby the city
will prepare the streets and apply the
oil, the property owners paying only
the actual cost of the oil itself in car
load lots. The residents of. Robinson
avenue have already secured sufficient
funds to oil this thoroughfare from
Locust to Donaghey avenues, and this
street will be the first to receive a
coat of oil.
Mr.. BANNER says he will be glad to
receive the orders from anyone desir-
ing to have the street in front of his
premises oiled, and tanks of oil will
be ordered shipped as fast as suffi-
cient amount is secured.
The work of cutting weeds from
sides of the streets and sidewalks is
progressing rapidly under the direc-
tion of the School and Civic Club, and
many Of the streets already present
a vastly improved appearance. 1t is
expected to have this work completed
by the opening of the colleges, and
several of the streets may be oiled by
that time
The log cabin Democrat., 1913-09-02
BUY SITE FOR
SEWERAGE TANK

A spot of ground 100 feet square
In the southeast corner of lot 5, block
ID, Davies & Garvin annex, has been
purchased from F. u. Halter by the
commissioners of Sewer Improvement
District of Conway, for considera-
tion of 5000, the ground to be used as
a site for one of the septic disposal
tanks, to receive the sewerage from
the eastern division of the system.
Contractor Joseph McCoppin will be-
gin work at once on the construction
Of the tank and will have it completed
within short time
The site for the other tank, to be
used in the western district of the
sewerage system has not yet been de-
cided upon.
The log cabin Democrat., 1913-09-02
4 SCHOOLS Open
during MONTH
Two BEGIN NEXT WEEK
CORD-BREAKING ATTEN D.
ANCE OF BOARDING STU
DENTS is EXPECTED.

Four Conway educational institu-
tions will begin their annual sessions
during the present month, and within
three weeks the city will again be fill
ed with students. The first to open
will be the Conway public schools,
which begin their session next Mon
day, September 8. Everything is in
readiness for the opening and the
usual full attendance is expected.
Hendrix College will begin it's ses-
sion earlier than usual this year,
opening Wednesday of next week,
September 10. The change was made
in order that there should be no con-
f1ict in the commencement exercises
The following week, Tuesday, Sep
tember 16, will mark the opening of
Central College, and the State Nor
NAL, the last to begin it's session in
Conway, will open on Monday, Sep
tember %.
There seems to be no question that
more boarding students than were
The log cabin Democrat., 1913-09-02

ures secured from the Conway Com
press Co. and the Iron Mountain
freight office. Of this number 1854
bales were shipped fiat early last fall
before the compress began operations.
The total street receipts at Conway
were approximately 21,O50 bales, Man.
ager W. }. Murrell of the compress
stating that about $500 bales had
been received here for compression
from other railroad points.
The log cabin Democrat., 1913-09-02
SELLS RESIDENCE.

Prof. S. C. Parish today sold his
residence in the Davies & Garvin ad-
dition to Luther p. Lewelling, the
consideration being $1,000. Prof
Parish and family will leave shortly
for Mt. Ida, where he has accepted the
position of principal of the public
school.
The log cabin Democrat., 1913-09-02

ever before seen in Conway will at
tend the two colleges and the Normal
during the sessions soon to begin. At
each institution, practically all avail
able accommodations have already
been reserved and applications for ad-
mission are being received daily.
The log cabin Democrat., 1913-09-02
LETTERS ISSUED.

In Faulkner probate court today let
ters of administration were issued to
". o. Durham, as administrator of
the estate of Mrs. Mary Teagle, de-
ceased.
The log cabin Democrat., 1913-09-02
CONWAY SHIPPED
24,554 BALES

The total shipments of cotton from
Conway for the season ending August
81 were 24,554 bales, according to fig
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-07-13

raw, semi-fnished and finished materials avail
able in the modern world, but to what extent
are they selected?
1t is said that Henry Ford had been building
good automobiles for several years before he
learned that there were alloy fsteels. Alloy
steels specially treated are now the chief con-
structive features of his car. There is in civil
lied countries splendid assortment of equip
ment but, to take single example the great
majority of heat engines use $4,000 b. t. u
per horsepower hour, while the best heat en-
gines use less than 10000. 1t is evident that
even to so simple matter as heat engine
equipment there is room for improvement.
But as to personnel, in design, specification,
test, custody and inspection, we exercise lar
less care than for material and equipment.
We do not think of using cast iron for anchor
links, nor brass for submarine cable wire, but
an English family will give the estates to the
eldest son, put the second in the navy, the third
in the army, the fourth in the church, the fifth
into profession and the sixth in trade solely
with reference to seniority, not in the least
with reference TO aptitudes.
But men vary in their aptitudes to as great
a degree as to materials or equipment and
it is a crime against the position in the or
ganization, as well against the incumbent,
for the wrong material equipment or per-
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-07-13

includes the spiritual as well as the tangible.
Management is the personnel" putting the
organization into action
General laws of organization apply equally
TO materials, to equipment and to personnel
laws, for instance. of design, specification
tender, test custody. operation, expectation
and realization.
A battleship in all its materials, equipment
and personnel is one of the most perfect, man
made organizations the world has ever pro-
duced. 1t is so perfect that it is standardized
the world over. The Japanese seized on Rus
sian battleships and in few weeks trans
formed them into Japanese battleships;
materials, design, equipment armament were
all standard. Japanese youths who served in
various capacities on American battleships
were able at once to assume commanding posi-
tons in the Japanese Navy. The position and
the duties were standard
When We turn from an unusually good form
of organization as it exists in the navies of the
world to other forms of organization govern
mental both national. state, county and munic
ipal shown in executives, legislatures and
courts; political exemplifed in party or
ganizaton religious. as shown in the churches:
educational, as shown in the schools and col
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-07-13
By HARRINGTON EMERSON,
The Efficiency Expert

sonnet, however skilfully designed, to be
selected.
Cast iron, however admirably shaped and
finished, can't make good anchor chain link:
glass, however excellent it is for windows, Just
can't transmit electric current; copper, in any
usual form, can't be transparent A man of
vital temperament just can't be motive; man
of extreme mental temperament just can't be
vital or motive; the man of extreme motivit>
just can't be judicial
The essential of correct design is unity.
In man-created organizations, receivable into
units, we should be able to specify the quail.
ties necessary for the material parts, the equip
ment parts, and the personal parts of each
unit.
We have made sufficient progress to specify
occasionally and to some extent materials and
equipment Rival manufacturers spend much
money to bring to our notice proofs, certified
to by great authorities, that their materials and
equipment will meet our specifications. As to
personnel we are far less advanced
The worst plan and the oldest is to create
the position for the man. The next plan, almost
universal, is to bring man and position together
with very little reference to fitness. The onlv
plan admissible in good organization is to select
the man solely with reference to his aptitude
for the position.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-07-13

Ing those hurtful has been enormously to re-
Suce the death rate. But the campaign is by
no means over; although malaria has been
traced to microbes borne by mosquitoes; al
though yellow fever had been traced to a SINH
lar origin; although sleeping sickness has been
proved to be due to the passage of a fatal mi
crobe into man, when he IS bitten by the
tsetse-1y; and although plague is now known
to be due to the bite of a flea which infects
rats, and which is itself infected by a special
r'icrobe; yet constant work is being done to
discover how to keep down these plaques and
If ;sible to kill them out, as well as to find
a means of rendering the inhabitants of dan
gerous countries immune.
But much has been accomplished in the d.
rection of destroying the hosts of these dan
gerous parasites; and the destruction of j.
quitoes in Brazil and in Central Ame-.ea has
made it possible for large population to Ia,
where death from malaria or from yellow fever
was formerly almost a certainty.
all branches of human study that of
germs is one of the most fascinating; it deals
with our origin, with our life, and with our
We =; and it opens up knowledge of the
history of a set of beings marvellous in { ir
Wy, which have a most potent influence Il
our happiness. To this study one branch of
science has dedicated itself
The word germ" is derived from the Latin
Germea, a sprig an offshoot; and that again
from zero, l bear It's strict meaning is the
ovary or seedbud of a plant, and thus it has
come to signify that from which anything
springs-its origin The expression germs of
disease" is a common one; and when Pasteur
found that in many cases these were small
organisms, the word germ was transferred to
denote them.
That infectious fevers were caused by some
thing in the air suspected even in the
middle ages. Care was taken to avoid contact
with the stricken one; breathing his breath
was imagined to be risky; and fires used to
be kept burning in the streets, so as to con-
sumo the germs of disease" Defoe tells of
a sexton who fetched away the bodies; the
only precaution which he took was to hold
garlic and rue in his mouth, and to smoke to-
bacco; and his wife who survived him, washed
her head and sprinkled her headcloths with
vinegar. Another precaution recommended
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-07-13

leges; penal, as shown in prisons; curative, as
shown in hospitals; charitable as shown in
relief works; industrial, as shown in hotels as
SHOWN generally in transportation and manu-
lacturlng plants, farming, mining, and lumber
ing activities, it is apparent that there is no
international even national interchangea-
bllity, that there are no recognized or accepted
standards, even in the same business.
Everything seems to have grown haphaz
ard and every man of ability, from manager
down and from workman up does. to a large
extent, what is good in his own eyes. This
anarchy of independence, unsupported by good
design or by staff knowledge, or by well-de-
fined power and responsibility, results in what
see all around us-National and State Gov
eminent the most irresponsible and dangerous
foes of industrial activities-industrial activity
divided against itself by serious antagonisms
between the imaginary classes of employer
and employee low efficiencies everywhere!
All modern human activity requires organi.
cation, and organization in the largest meaning
of the word is wise combination of materials,
equipment and workers for a purpose
Something has been done in the design spe-
ciication, test and inspection of materials and
equipment. There is a splendid assortment of
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-07-13

was to burn rosin and pitch, birthstone and
gunpowder, in the houses. These were an
cient disinfectants
The sisters Invention and Discovery always
walk hand-in-hand; and although microscopes,
more or less effective, had been used since
1890. Amicis invention of the immersion lens"
where the lens dips in water or oil, and can
thus be brought much nearer the object viewed,
made it possible to examine minute particles
hitherto invisible. In the '3Os, Robert Brown,
the prince of botanists" as Humboldt called
him, discovered that with sufficient magnifca-
ton small particles are seen to be in a contin-
ual state of agitation, skipping here and there
as if they were alive But this jumping motion
was observed not only with objects which
might be of animal or vegetable nature; it took
place equally with small particles of water
color paints, which no one could suppose to be
alive. OF recent years the cause of this motion
has been found out; but that is another story.
1t was Brown who discovered by help of his
improved microscope, the existence of nu-
cleus in plant-cells, and after that the way was
paved for the examination of germs.
A seed whether animal or vegetable, wheth-
er an egg or a grain of barley, consists for the
most part OF 1000 lot Lne germ WHICH II con-
tains. Both the yolk and the white of the egg,
as we'll as the starch of the grain, are merely
food supplies. When the grain is moistened,
or when the egg is kept warm, the embryo
commences to subdivide; each cell becomes
two This reduplication continues and an or
ganism is formed, which has structure accord
ing to what it eventually will become 1t con-
sumes its food, starch or albumen, as the case
may be; and the plant or animal is formed.
But neither the starch nor the egg food-stuff
is taken in by the germ as such; they have
first to be changed. And the change is the
function of a ferment-a substance which, al
though not alive yet has the property of caus-
ing other substances to alter their nature;
starch, for instance, by the action of the fer
ment diastase contained in the grain, changes
into sugar and 1t is in this state that it is
used as food by the germ. There are similar
ferments which act on the white and the yellow
of the egg, and bring them into such a condi-
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-07-13

which sometimes attacks man. This he traced
to small rodlets or bacteria" (the words have
the same signifcance), which are visible in the
blood of diseased animals. A species of chol-
era which attacks chickens was the next sub
ject of his researches; and this led him to his
most momentous discovery-how to render
chickens immune against attack.
Here again, his success was the result of
accident; but it requires a man of genius to
perceive to what use an accident may be
turned. He had been inoculating healthy
chickens with cultures of the microbe separat-
ed from the blood of infected birds. These cul-
lures were allowed to stand over his holidays;
ard when he returned, he tried again the eff
feet of inoculating healthy fowls with old cul-
lures; they suffered no bad effects whatever
On vaccinating these fowls with fresh cultures
from diseased birds, he found, to his great sur
prise, that they were immune. 1t was next
necessary to find the conditions which rem
dered the virus incapable of itself commu :
eating the disease, and of protecting against
infection; the secret lay in exposing the cul-
I. to the prolonged action of air, at
able temperature
1t was Pasteur who pointed out the way
re of the kind, among which are ir"""!a-
tion for anthrax. for hydrophobia and for ty-
phoid.
What has been said in the last pages refers
TO the destruction of harmful microbes;
other important branch of the subject deals
with the Harvesting of heterogeneous to do
useful work Allusion has already been made
to brewing, 10 winemaking, and to the manu-
facture of vinegar. But these are not all. The
curing of tobacco, the preparation of tea, the
manufacture of butter and of cheese; all these
are the work of microbes, and are being careful
ly studied. New bacteria are being discovC l,
or old bacteria are being given unaccustomed
food from which they evolve useful products.
The conversion of starch, a cheap commodity
in the form of maize or potatoes, into two
chemical substances named acetone and butyl
alcohol is likely to have farreaching results;
for the latter can easily be transformed into
india rubber, and the former is largely used
in the manufacture of certain kinds of high ex.
plosves.
The effects of enlisting the services i
crobes useful to mankind and of extermmat
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-07-13

simpler units An army is larger and simpler
than the men, equipment and materials of
which 1t is made; the man is larger and simpler
than the living cell; the gun is simpler than
the alloy steel; gunpowder is coarser and
simpler than the atoms of carbon, nitrogen,
oxygen hydrogen. sulphur of which it is COM
pounded
The greater our knowledge of minute details
the more skillfully can we create an organiza-
ton and avoid unnecessary completely.
Organization differs from machine be-
cause organization includes as its most i'm
portant part personality" what the French
call personnel" The French inherited from
the Latins great ability TO organize
Napoleon was one of the greatest organizers
for war even greater for peace that the world
has ever produced. He boasted that he could
create an army because he knew personally
how to compound gunpowder design and cast
cannon, that he knew personally the psychology
of human beings.
Personality Is part of the organization in
the same manner as material and CONTINENT
are; it is useful for the moment. but il also in
Cludes the hope, the expectation. the ideal of
tomorrow, of the future, for which all or
ganization is created. Personality. therefore.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-07-13
How IN On Q,onooo


xuyISE organization is one of the essen
~ tials OF efficient management or
operation. II is an instrument more
or less complex wherewith to accomplish
definite result. Therefore, to achieve in the
best way A definite result
ID We must know how to design the
SANITATION; be able TO make a chart or draw
ing of it
90 We must know that qualities are re-
CURED of every part Of it.
80 Before selection we must be able to in
sure the possession Of the required qualities
and the absence of detrimental qualities.
"a The organization must cost no more
Ln4n necessary.
t5) We must define the functions of, we
must assist with fullest opportunity and we
must delegate full responsibility to the selected
parts.
An organization consists Of material equip
ment and life, or personnel"
These three are combined into a unit which
We can chart A tree is an organization.
crystal or a cloud is not There are always
different grades of unit. Each unit is an or
ganization in itself The smallest units are
aggregated into larger units; these larger
units are aggregated into still larger but
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-07-13

tion that they serve as food for the germ OF
the egg.
The subdivision Of the cell, under normal
circumstances, does not take place until after
fertilization; in the case of plants. until after
penetration of the embryo by the pollen, the
dust which comes from the anthers; in the
case of animals, by the spermatozoon But
Professor Loeb has proved that fertilization
is not always necessary; that sea urchins eggs
can be made to develop into living animals by
placing them in water to which certain salts
have been added, or even by irritating them
with a needle. 1t has long been known that
many organisms multiply by budding. A famil-
lar instance of this is, cutting slip from
twig and planting it; It grows into shoot,
which develops into complete plant.
Yeast, small oval granules, which grow IN
sugary solutions and change them into alcohol
and carbonic acid, multiplies in somewhat the
same way; bud begins to appear on the side
of a cell; it grows, and when it has become
nearly as large as the original cell it breaks
off and starts an independent existence Strict
ly speaking, the plant grown from the slip, or
the new yeast cell is the same organism as
that from which It has been derived; 1t has,
SO to speak, only one parent, and is merely
part of that parent which has become indepen-
dent To form a really new organism, the con-
course of two parents is necessary; the organ.
ism then partakes of the qualities of both. And
not merely of both, but of the ancestors of both
These remarks apply not only to low forms
of life which have been referred to as illustra-
tons; they apply equally we'll to human beings
Every one knows that children resemble one
or the other parent; and not only their parents,
but their grandparents, or even their great.
grandparents. Often, indeed, a child resembles
some particular grandparent. The celLstruc.
ture to which this resemblance is due must
have been derived from the grandparent; it
must have persisted through the life of the
parent without becoming manifest and it ap.
pears in the third generation
And yet the cells which form the embryo of
the perfected organism are so far as can be
seen, very simple objects; a skin, surrounding
a quantity of granular matter, in which there
is a nucleus, itself containing nucleolus, or
still smaller nucleus Such simplicity must be
merely apparent; the chemical atoms of which
cells are built up are incomparably smaller
We now know moreover, that even atoms them
selves have complicated structure; many be-
lieve that they consist of electrons, or atoms
of electricity.
The full text Of this Instructive and remark.
able article will be found In the current Issue
of HEARST'S MAGAZINE.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-07-13

Germs Of a Gangren-
GUS Blood-P oisoning
Cat the Top) Menin-
gifts Microbes (Be-
low) Those of Ma
laria (Third) and of
Sleeping Sickness Cat
the Bottom).