davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1913-09-22

though the load Of the generator may
be varied.
3. A generator suitable to the
mount Of power developed by the
windmill, and also designed to work
together with the governor pulley be-
ing used.
4. A storage battery Of a capacity
suftlclent to store a supply of elect
richly to be used during calm days
with this outfit, energy might be US
ed from w to ten days without wind
depending, of course. upon the amount
OF current used and the size of the
storage battery.
B. A switchboard conveniently
placed and so connected with the ap-
paratus that the entire charging op-
GRAFTON is automatic.
Many difficulties were met before
success in generation of electricity by
WING power was possible, some of
which were as follows:
1. The irregular speed of the wheel
In different wind velocities.
z. Varying wind currents.
D. Unlike powers produced in diff
ferent wind velocities.
4. Poorly constructed wheels.
b. The necessity of a device which
would work as a check valve, permit
ting the electricity to flow into the
battery and retaining it there until
required for use.
6. An automatic stlf-regulating
switchboard which is economical of
current.
Z. A practical method Of storing
electricity for several days.
After a number Of experiments, and
years of work, the first three diff
culties were overcome by the use of
an automatic governing pulley which
would not allow the generator to
travel above a certain predetermined
speed. Figure 8 and figure 4 show the
governor pulley in detail.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1913-09-22

ed, its bearings were automatically
oiled.
The next and probably the most
important point was the building Of
an automatic cut-out and cut-in,
which would work on the difference
of potential (voltage), between the
generator and battery, it being so
positive that one could rely upon it
with absolute certainty. Much of the
successful operation of this plant de-
Ponds upon this little device which
makes practically an automatic fool
proof switchboard a reality.
The storage battery in it's improved
form has made possible a reservoir
for storing electrical energy. BY the
use of the storage battery, light and
power do not depend directly upon
the wind; as sufficient current can
be generated and stored during windy
days to be used during periods of
calm. . .G $685.. ...--
The windmill in question consists
Of a 16-foot wheel, mounted on a 20
foot tower, which is located 1900 feet
from the nearest building. Cover
page.)
This distance was made necessary
because Of the entire farmstead being
surrounded by a tall grove. Had the
wheel been on a 50-foot tower. there
probably would have been so per cent
more power available. On the other
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1913-09-22
RECESSION or GLACIERS.
Northern Ice Fields That Once Met the
Sea Are Now inland.

Some attention is being directed to
the fact that the Muir glacier is disin-
tegrating along its face. and there Is
some speculation as to how long it VIII
continue to present n great attraction
to tourists. No n q answer this,
Of course. for the causes of the unusu-
al movement are not known. Neither
Is it known with any certainty for how
long a time this great ice mass has pre-
scented his appearance. which made 1t
famous.
Assuming that the earliest charts Of
the coast are correct-and there is
every reason to suppose they are
there have been very remarkable re-
cessiOns Of glaciers along the Atlantic
coast during the last century. SO that
ice fields that formerly came down to
the sea are now a considerable dis
lance from it. AS, we understand, the
earlier charts do not indicate the posi-
ton OF Muir glacier, so there are no
means Of telling Ii it has receded.
The cause Of the recession of glaciers
Is not fully understood. but it seems to
imply an average amelioration Of the
climate. Glaciers are fed from snow
fields, and If they become smaller only
one OF two explanations seems posi-
BILE. Either the snowfall in the higher
levels must have diminished or the
temperature in the lower levels has
grown higher. There are several rea-
sons for supposing that the climate OF
the north Pacific zone is becoming
gradually warmer. although the change
Is very gradual. Sir Charles Lyell, the
famous g~eoIogist, in one of his books
speaks OF the breaking away Of a great
ice barrier nea Greenland, which Foc-
Cured, If we are not mistaken, in 1916,
and says it was one of the most sig
nificant events In the modern history
Of the worId.-Victoria Colonist. "~s
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1913-09-22

the hand switch which cuts the gem
orator off the entire switchboard. With
the new cut-out, this switch is not
| necessary, as the automatic operates
a similar one, no attention being re-
CURED to cut the generator on or off
the switchboard line. Above this un-
necessary switch is the voltmcter
switch, making it possible to read the
voltage of any Of the end cells. also
that Of the generator and battery. The
large circular dial on the right panel
is the end-cell switch. By the use
of end cells, any desired voltage may
be obtained, giving the lights any de-
gree Of brightness that is desired;
also keeping up the voltage Of he
battery through the state OF discharge.
One of the arms is the charging arm,
| while the other is the discharge arm.
This makes it possible to charge the
battery at the am Time the current
is being used. For instance. If one
is using a flat iron which takes five
amperes and the mill is able to de-
liver only two amperes, because OF
lack Of wind. her three amperes
would come from the battery and the
mill would be furnishing the two am
pereS.
However, If a wind should come UP
which would produce enough power to
deliver seven amperes. then five would
go to the flat iron while the other
, two WOuld be stored in the battery.
TheV entire operation in this case is
automatic in every respect, giving one
the opportunity to utilize every pos
sible wind. Except when below a Ger
tain number Of miles per hour.) Be-
low the end cell switch are the six
service switches, one each for he
house, barn, elevator, blacksmith shop,
and arc lamp, and the other being US
ed for charging small automobile
| storage batteries.
The storage battery is located in
the attic Of the house. 1t is a sixty
two cell. forty ampere hour, 110-volt
| Plante type battery.
It's capacity in sixteen candle pow
err Tungsten tWenty-Watt lights Is as
| follows:
22O hours for one lamp.
10 hours for two lamps.
% hours for ten lamps.
10 hours for twenty-five lamps.
If eight candle power lights were
used, the same energy would give
twice the number of lamp hours, as
indicated above.
The plant is so arranged that any
or all of the sixty-five lights and the
arc light may be used at the same
/ III SltNl 10 - -"
ION for all the lights to be used at
the same time. AS a rule. more cleo
tricity is used during the winter
months than during the summGr
months. which makes it necessary to
supply more current to furnish sutfl-
cient energy. Moreover, records show
that a greater wind movement is in
| variably at hand during the winter
months and as a rule much more ur-
rent can be produced, thereby fur
nishing the required amount of cleo
tricity to light the home during the
long winter nights.
The method Of operation is very
simple, even with the old switchboard.
in that all that has to De o is
to wind up the windmill wire which
puts the mill in gear and then throw
on the generator switch. The auto
| matte current regulator and governor
| pulley takes care Of the irregular
speed, making the entire changing
process automatic.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1913-09-22
Electricity From Wind
Power or the Farm
Description Of Successful Plant That Is in Actual Operation
on the Manikowske Farm, Published in Bulletin
Form BY the A. c.

That the North Dakota winds may
be harnessed by every farmer, and
made to do the lighting, and to re-
move much of the drudgery of the
farm home has been proved. The A.
G. recently put put a bulletin that
consisted Of a thesis, prepared by
Wallace Manikowske, an A. c.. stu
dent, from the actual results obtained
by such a plant on the Manikowske
farm near Mooreton, N. D.
This information is so Interesting,
AND, The Forum believes, of SO much
value, that it is published herewith in
part, in The Forum:
the advent Of improved machinery
and the adoption Of scientific methods
IN have been the two
principal factors in lishtening he
burden Of country housekeeping. The
modern farm n farm home offer,
perhaps, the best examples of the rap
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1913-09-22

id Increase Of conveniences and labor
saving devices that can be had.
Electricity is not necessarily a
mere convenience for the use of the
opulent who are able to surround
themselves with luxuries, but it is
proving to be a necessity as a power
producing agent in farming and is, be-
You'd question, the most desirable IL
lurninant for the modern farm, both
in it's economy of generation, for pow
err and in safety Of lighting. In spite
of the fact that the small gas en-
gine is not as adaptable as electricity
to the usual work of the farm, it has
long been used to drive the churn,
washing machine, pump, and other
small machines.
AS a matter of economy, the use of
electricity in the form of power and
as an illuminant in the farm home
is very important. There is no rea-
son whatever why the country home
should not have as good an illumi-
nant as the city home. On most farms,
much time is spent in caring for
lamps.
Have the farmers ever stopped to
consider how much time is actually
devoted to keeping the lamps n Ian
terms in shape? Surprising it takes
but two hours per week to wash
chimneys, trim wicks. and keep all
lamps and lanterns we'll supplied with
oil, in a year the total number of
hours would amount to 104-thirteen
days Of eight hours each. This would
afford an additional two weeks vaca
ton every yea to u housewives,
and would mean.4a much more enjoy
able life for them. '&
The farmers and the residents of
the small country towns have long
felt the need Of electricity. They
appreciate the adaptability, the clean
illness and the convenience of elect
richly and would gladly adopt it in
their homes, If possible; however,
they live too far from any central
lighting station to be able to buy
power at a reasonable cost
Many attempts have been made to
solve the problem by substituting one
of the following illuminants: Kero-
sene, gas, gasoline, acetylene, alcohol,
or %blaugas. However, electricity has
proved to be by far the most desir-
able illuminant. The gasoline engine,
despite the fact that it is neither the
most economical nor the most desir-
able method of generatinf electricity,
is uncommonly used as a prime NOV
err in many electric plants.
Up to this time, small gasoline en-
gines have been the principal source
of power for generating electricity on
the farm. Windmill electric lighting
has been tried to some extent, but
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1913-09-22

for charging the storage battery.
However, when a variable load was
taken off, the speed regulation was
not the best, making it desirable that
an improvement should be made. This
was brought about a short time ago
by modifying the first governor pull
ley (figure 81. This new governor
pulley gives constant speed to a vari-
able load from the windmill shaft
which travels from 0 to 500 revolu-
tons per minute.
BY this method the storage battery
is protected from becoming charged
too rapidly. the generator also being
protected against excessive speeds
which would tend to cause the wind
ings Of the armature to leave their
respective slots.
The fourth difficulty was overcome
by selecting an efficient wheel which
should have been mounted on a high
tower. A force feed oiler, such as
is used for automobiles, was placed
on the head of the mill in such a.
manne that, when the wheel revolv-
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1913-09-22

l8fI$sG@4 E+&SG&# I& 9THEEsag@#6a. .e#Ha g#4s
very few successful plants have ever
been in operation.
The M~anikoWske Plant.
The development of the Manikowske
windmill electric lighting and power
plant has covered a period OF eight
years. During the first few years OF
the development of this outfit, all
work which had been done by others
was reviewed and investigated, but
no data of any value was obtainable.
even up to the present time. Continu-
GUS experimenting, however, has
brought about a successful plant which
has been In operation for two Years.
The entire plant, as it exists, was de-
signed by George. Manikowske. with
the aid of the author.
IA windmill electric lighting and
power plant requires:
/. "A windmill of a size sufficient
CO develop the amount of power re-
CURED. In this case, a 16-foot wheel
was selected.
Q. 4 speed regulator, the object of
which is to SO control the varying
speed OF the mill as to produce a com
@sAanG GaasSd fnar generation, even
AGMl4
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1913-09-22

From the illustration, it will be no
ticed that no foot Or bevel a are
used, thereby obtaining the greatest
efficiency possible. 49,,
The generator is a one and four
tenths kilowatt, $50 volt, 1900 revo-
lutions per minute, special wound, self
regulating machine designed to work
with the governor pulley.
1t is controlled from the switch
board which is located in the kitchen
of the house. (Ffgure 81
The current passes over a copper
wire to the switchboard, then passes
through the automatic cut-out and
cut-in and into the battery. The en-
tire plant is controlled from the
board-the windmill being started and
stopped by a crank which winds up
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1913-09-22

Figure 8 is a cross section. while
figure 4 is a top view. The weighted
arms which are shown in black Gig
ure a. are fastened to the belt wheel
which drives the generator. The fric-
ton drum ID" Is fastened to the
windmill shaft. This, then, travels
at a variable speed. The pulley to
which the friction shoes are fastened
is not fastened to the upright shaft,
and only when the shoes bear on the
friction drum will this pulley revolve
with the shaft.
In figure 8. the spring which presses
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1913-09-22
A Mixed Quartet.

Among other curious things l have
heard was a quartet sung simulta-
neously In fOur languages, writes a
reminiscent contributor to the New
York Sun. 1t was Clara Louise Kei-
Iogg's company in Martha" Miss
Kellogg sang in English. Brignoli in
Italian, a German woman in German
and a Frenchman in French. The au-
1ience never noticed the confusion OF
tongues.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1913-09-22
Kansas Cihu Star

A man once arrived at Kansas City
with a terrible pain under his belt.
go for a DOCTOR" said the sufferer,
"and go quickly"
what kind of a doctor do you
want?" inquired the messenger. 1--WE
have all kinds 49, allopath, homeopathy
hydropath, ~osteopath''-
"Oh," cried the traveller in his agony,
"any path will do. All paths lead to
the graVe."-Kansas City Star.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1913-09-22

and cut-ing since the one described
has been in operation. The results
obtained show that a much simpler
cut-out and cut-in gives better salts
faction In that 1t acts quicker and
uses practically no energy from the
battery to be operated. Today a much
simpler and cheaper switchboard is a.
reality.
The hand wheel on the bottom OF
the left hand panel is the ~rlaeostat
which Is used to adjust the charging
rate OF the generator above this ls
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1913-09-22

q budget indicating exactly how much
money will be needed for the expenses
OF the government during the year, and
suggesting, il need be, how the money
shall be raised. In congress no one
knows In advance how much money
will be required to meet the expenses
of the government, nor what the rev.
attempt is made to correIate income
and expenditure. Hence all the eatrap-
agance. graft and waste which have
become q national scandal
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1913-09-22
Successful

Bess-Jack said last night that cali
ing on me was like witnessing a beau
tiful drama. Tess-What did you say2
Bess-I gave him a season pass ana
told him l hoped the play would end
happily.-Chicago RecordAHeraId. (
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1913-09-22

ready stored to be discharged. When
the generator switch is in and the
windmill standing still, this cut-out
uses a small amount of electrical en-
ergy. To overcome this, the author,
with the aid of his brother, has de-
signed and tested out eight c~ut-outs
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1913-09-22
Inst The

Beating the sword into a plow-
share?" inquired the tourist pleasantly
as he halted at the door. 4
Beating Il plowshare into a sword"
responded the energetic blacksmith.
Il manufacture war relics" - Louis
Vile Courier-Journal. -
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1913-09-22
Siipshod Uncle Sam.

Charlton B. Strayer in Leslie's: The
United States stands alone among civ
ilized nations in not having a budget.
All other powers have a system by
which expenditures are co-ordinated
to revenues. In other nations the exc
cutive presents to the law-making body
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1913-09-22
Unwedded

Teacher Tin grammar class)-What Is
a singular pronoun, Johnny?
Johnny-One that isn't married yet
Judge.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1913-09-22
Worse Than Weather Forecasts

worse man weather forecasts. O.
Life. Friend. You certainly have "a
MAJ. I
Dramatic Critic. Snap? Do you
know what I'm trying to do now2
Friend. What? ii
Dramatic Critic. Write a review OF
the theatrical season. Of ~1913-19t4 for
the June, 1914, number that comes out
the first of next month. I'll
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1913-09-22

No, genius is not inspiration. Geniun
LIZ observation-disclosures Edison.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1913-09-22

FOR sTATENEw&u~ FORTS
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1913-10-20

''I've noticed" said a coIonel's wife
to her husband, somewhat testify,
that you always allow Major Tom
kins to precede you downstairs. Is
that discipline?" mo, dear lady, it
is diplomacy" replied the colonel
grimly. "You see, my love, the
major weighs $50 pounds. Some two
years ago l was going downstairs
first, Tompkins was behind, and he
stumbled and fell on mel"
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1913-10-20

got onto the train at Melun walking
in the passage-way of the train near
Madame Gouin's compartment. He
wondered at this, because soldiers
usually ride third-class on special
military tickets.
Who were those soldiers?
1t was one point that the ever-sus-
picious Lepine demanded that his
men should clear up. And this de-
mand led the police to the infinitely
small trail which the two murderers
had left amid the rushing crowd in
the Lyon railroad station. The police
secured all the railroad tickets which
had been used by passengers on
Train 826 on the day in question.
Their object. was to find special
tickets which had been issued to SOL
diers.
They found two such tickets.
And on one of them, so faint that
only the trained eye of a finger-mark
expert could see it, was the print of
a bloody thumb!
!. What soldiers bought tickets at
the little station of Melun on that
day.
Grady and Michael, privates at the
army post there!
Secretly the police searched the
rooms of the two soldiers. In the
room of one they found a bloody
bayonet. In the apartment of a girl
who was friendly with them they
found one of Madame Gouin's rings.
The two soldiers were arrested and
confessed! 49,
Today they are serving life SEN
fences for murder in the French penal
colony of La Guyane, in South
America.
Grady had thrown the aged woman
to the floor and held her down, with
his boots on her face, while Michael
took off her rings. Then Grahv find
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1913-10-20

- %
Michael had cut his hand and wiped
it on the curtain. Then he had torn
away the curtain because the blood
on it could be seen from the outside.
After that the two men had ripped
open the handbag and found only
one dollar in it!
At the station they had turned the
handle on the door to lock it so that
no one would enter until they had
left the depot. And it was this one
little mistake of locking the door that
had brought about their downfall!
1t was that one little extra effort
to escape detection, that little extra
but fatal touch which a criminal, Le-
pine says, will always leave as sure
clue for the detective who has eyes
to see!
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1913-10-20

Grady had thrown the aged woman
to the floor and held her down, with
his boots on her face, while Michael
took off her rings. Then Grady, find
ing blood on his hands, went to the
toilet room to wash them while
Michael threw out the woman still
alive. While the car door was open
it struck the side of tunnel and was
partly broken. In trying to close it
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-04-14
URGES U. S. TO REFORM.
japanese Missionary Declares Social
Reconstruction Is Needed.

CHICAGO, April 1.-THE world In
general and the United States i'm particu-
lar faces and needs social reconstruction, ="
said the Rev. Yutaki Minakuchi, Jap
anese missionary, speaking before the
Sunday Evening Club last night on the
subject 1.-The Vital Needs of the Day"
THE people of today are ignoring moral
laws in the rush for wealth, education
and personal advantage he continued
intellectual advancement is a curse un-
less accompanied by moral advancement.
/ can see dire results ahead IL the people
of the world continue TO lose sight or
Christ and His teachings.
I'm China the spirit of comnercialism
is pushing the traffic in opium. and let the
cold blood of economy say what II WILL |
insist that what is morally wrong cannot
be politically and commercially right. Our
rebuilding of our social world depends on
each individual citizen"
DR. Minakuchi came to this country
when nineteen years old. He attended
the universities of Kentucky and North
Carolina and finished at Yale. His pur-
nose here is to interest Americans in the
welfare of Japan. He is the first japanese
to speak before the club.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-04-14

fore large gatherings of the Daugh-
ters of the American Revolution. THE
Other Little Ship" was the subject of
the morning address and In the even
ing he preached on THE Committee
That Failed
In the evening sermon DR.. Montgom-
cry said. in part: Anybody can vote
with the majority. 1t takes a some
body to go against the crowd" The
allusion was thought suitable in view
of the coming d. A. r. election. the
sermon being based on the report of
the two spies that were sent by Moses
to search out a promised land, their
report being favorable and opposed to
the majority of the committee Of ten
that had been selected to make the
search.
At other churches sermons were de-
livered before congregations in which
there were many daughters, by Rev.
DR. John Van Schaick, jr., on 1.-The
Responsibility of Liberty; by Rev. DIR.
Wedderspoon at Foundry Church on
"Co-operation in All Lies Efforts"
and at Metropolitan Presbyterian
Church by Rev. Paul Hickock on Pa
triotism."
At the latter church announcement
was made of the annual election of
trustees. The following were chosen
for three Years: V. w. Guy, George f.
Fleming and Frank c. Stratton.