The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1913-09-09
veins {.
The Veins.

After the capillarfes have carried the nutritious blood all over the body, they begin to run into one another, and form larger blood vessels, which are known as veins, and they in turn unite again and again, forming larg- CT veins, until they finally form the large veins that empty into the heart. They, like the arteries, have three coats or layers, but are not so thick and elastic. Veins differ from arter- ies in various ways. In the first place their walls are thin and collapse when empty, and they contain dark red or purple blood. When veins are cut or injured the blood flows out steadily and does not spurt as in the case of arteries. Veins are provided with little valves at short intervals in order to lessen the back pressure on the heart and to assist in the return of the blood to the heart, permitting the blood to flow in but one direction, towards the heart. These valves are very important, as the flow of the blood in the veins is mainly upward and against the force of gravity, and the pressure of the blood in the veins is but one quarter that of the arteries. As rule, veins are situated quite supert1cially, whereas the arteries are generally deep-seated and well pro- tected.
 Names and Locations of Some of the
 Principal Arteries
 The aorta Is the largest artery in the body. It starts from the heart, and is situated on the left side of the spinal column. The innominate ar tery arises from the aorta and passes upward and divides into the right common carotid and right subclavian arteries. The common carotids pass up into the neck, one on each side of the windptpe, and are blood vessels quite frequently injured when people attempt to commit suicide by cutting the throat. At the angle of the jaw the common carotid divides into two branches, known as the internal and external. The internal passes up ward into the skull and supplies the brain The external is more super f1cial, and passes up across the neck dividing into the facial and temporal arteries
 It may be interesting to know that the large arteries which supply the arms and legs may be quite readily traced by means of certain lines on the clothing. The course of the brachiaI artery follows a line which would cor respond to the inside seam of the. coat, extending from the armpit to the e1- bow, where it subdivides into the ra- dial and uInar arteries, and @, contin- uation of the seam of the coat would represent the course of the radial ar tery. The course of the femoral ar tery, the large blood vessel which sup plies the arteria1 blood to the leg, fol- lows a line from the groin to the knee joint corresponding to the inner seam of the trousers.
 Location of some of the most i'm portant arteries, parts supplied and where to apply pressure in case of bleeding:
 Wound in upper and lower arm, also fingers, compress auxiliary artery, which runs along the arm side of arm pit near front of arm, and pressed against arm bone s(humerus), also icompress bracta1 artery, which runs along inner border of biceps muscle, and presses against arm bone Gnu merus).
 Wound in lower and upper face, compress facial artery which runs over lower jawbone one inch in front