Washington standard. [volume] (Olympia, Wash. Territory) 1860-1921, 1913-08-15

ent location every FIVE or six years. A
gentle slope toward the south or south
east is most desirable for the produc-
ton of early crops. 1t Is an advantage
to have protection ON the north and
northwest
Good natural drainage of the garden
area is Of prime Importance. The land
should have sufficient fall to drain of
surplus water during heavy rains. but
the fall should not be SO great that the
soil will be washed. The surface of
the garden should not contain depres-
sions. Waste water from surround
ing land should not flow toward the
garden. and the fall below should be
such that there will be no danger of
nood water backing up. The garden
should not be located along the banks
Of stream that will be liable to over
low during the growing season.
A good fence around the garden plot
u almost indispensable.
Where the work Is to be done mainly
by means of horse tools the arrange
ment should be such as to give the
longest possible rows. and straight out
lines should be followed. For hand cul-
tivation the arrangement can be quite
different. Horse cultivation is recon-
mended whenever possible.
The second matter for consideration
b the location of permanent crops and
small fruits. The area devoted to the
hotbed, cold frame and seed bed should
be decided upon. but these may be
shifted more or less from year to year
or located In some convenient place
outside of the garden. II a part Of the
land is low and moist. such crops as
celery. onions and late cucumbers
should be placed there. II part Of the
soil is hiSh. warm and dry. that Is the
proper location for early crops and
those that need quick. warm soil. The
land may be occupied at all times.
There are very few soils that are not
improved by some form Of drainage.
Autumn is the time for blowing hard
or stin clay soils. especially II In a
part Of the country where freezing
takes place. Sandy loans and soils
that contain a large amount Of humus
may be plowed in the spring. but the
work should be done early In order
that the soil may settle before plant.
ing. In the southern states this proc.
ess must be accomplished by means OF
frequent civilizations. 1t is desirable
to pillow the garden early.
Sandy soils will bear blowing much
earlier than heavy clay soils. In the
garden greater depth Of blowing should
be practiced than for ordinary farm
crops Subsoillng will be found advan
tageous In most cases. Hand spadins
should be resorted to only In very small
gardens or where It is desirable to pre-.
pare a small area very thoroughly.
After blowing the next important
step is to smooth and pulverize the
soil. The pulverizing process should
extend as deep as the blowing. Some
gardeners prefer to cut the land thor
oughly with disk harrow before plow
ing, so that when it Is turned by the
pillow the bottom soil will be fine and
mellow. After the plow the disk OF
cutting harrow is again brought into
piity duu the puINcINiHe PtotcSS Som
pleted. II the soil is trifle too dry
and contains Jumps It may be neces
sary to use a roller or clod crusher.
For garden crops there is no fer
tilizer that will compare with good
well rotted barnyard manure. Chick
en-. pigeon and sheep manures rank
nigh as fertilizers. The manure from
fowls is especially adapted for drop
ping In the hills or rows of plants
Market gardeners frequently apply
$500 pounds OF high grade fertilizer
per acre each year.
Many of the garden seeds lose their
vitality after one years time.
Throughout the northern states 1t IL
desirable to start plants of certain
crops before the danger OF frost has
passed. Th" simplest method OF start