davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1913-03-13

that used by Great Britain, while for
the United States and Canada the
llghtest types are in favor.
Tho tobacco is kept in we'll vcnti-
lated warehouse near the factory un-
til 1t Is needed, and during this time
curing continucs-usually about two
years. When the leaf tobacco is re-
ceived in tho factory the bales are
opened up and the leaf sprayed with
clean, pure water; then it is rcpackcd
in the bales Cthe leaves being spread
ouO for several hours until the leaves
become plant so each one can he
opened without tearing or breaking.
1t is then selected and graded accord
ing to its strength size, color. etc.
After this selecting, the leaf intended
to be used as filters is placed in bar
rels with ample openings ut the sides
and top for ventilation, evaporation
and further curing. This process
takes from two to six weeks, accord
ing to the different grades of leaf,
and is watched daily by experts.
When the leaf is entirely ripe it is
sent TO the factory to be rolled into
cigars. AS fast as they are rolled they
are passed to the foreman or lnspcc-
tor of the factory, who carefully eX-
amines each cigar. after which they
are placed in the "escarpartos" or
seasoned cedar bins. All Projections
are packed separately and sold as
such. The acceptable cigars remain
in these bins until orders are received
from the shipping department, when
they are passed to the solicitors, who
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1913-03-13

however, were so much impressed with
the trip and our country that they de-
cided to remain.
In the meanwhile the few reindeer
that we had were carefully tended
and had increased, They had also
taken part in some notable expeditions
for rescue, the most daring of which
was the saving of some starving sailors
who were caught in tho ice near Ber-
ing Straits. Eight whaling ships were
,n,prlsoned and four hundred seamen
were without food. nor was there any
prospect OF help until the ice moved
In the spring No boats could get
near nor could provisions ho taken
overland. The reindeer were not near
hlt were the only possible means of
helm so the government sent revenue
outter as far as II could go, landed
man. dog teams and reindeer and after
three months the whalcr was reached
and tho men rescued. All this was nc
complished In the dead of an Artic
winter and through a country which
was never before travelled by white
men.
convince us that we ought to obtain
more deer. And the lieutenant of the
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1913-03-13

in separate rooms at polished tables
under north light assert the
cigars into various colors and shades
perfectly made. Afterward they are
sent to the label girls. who put band
around each cigar. 1t costs ono Ha-
Vana firm alone nearly quarter Of
million dollars Il year for cigar bands.
After "banding" the cigars are put up
in lots OF twenty-five, fifty and one
hundred and placed in boxes ready to
be shipped throughout the world.
The factories of Havana employ
thousands of persons-one alone CIV
ing work to three thousand cigar
makers. The rooms where these men
work are especially interesting. for
rolling cigar properly requires no
little skill. In this room are men who
as boys served a long apprenticeship
to learn the rudlments and fundamen-
tails Of cigar making and who have
steadily improved and gained in skill
In making the same size and shape
cigar all the time \ number of the
workers have made the same typo of
cigar every working day for twenty
years. Some OF these men are really
artists in their work. Tho cigar
maker is given his filler and wrappers
CHE former weighed and the latter
counted) and under his expert hands
the material is made to assume one
Of the hundred shapes in which
Havana cigars are put on the market.
His only tool is q sharp cigar makers
knife. with which he trims the wrap
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1913-03-13

and is hanging on the polls In the dry
ing barn in the first curing process the
danger is not entirely past. During
this time the leaves change from a
vivid green to different shades of
brown. These colors are carefully
sorted and packed into separate bales
before the crop is shipped to the fac
tories in Havana-famous throughout
the world for the Incompatible cigars
which they turn out.
Few smokers realize the vast
amount of scientific study ana hard
labor required to bring a good cigar
TO perfection, and the smoker who
happens to visit Havana should not
fail to avail himself Of the oppor
tunity Of seeing at least one OF the
large factories of that city. Permis-
sion may be obtained for certain
hours at the offices. and the visitor
may see the interesting process from
the time tho bales are brought In UNI
til they are ready to be sent out in
the form of cigars and cigarettes
ready for shipment. 1t is interesting
to note in these shipments the various
tastes of the different countries. For
Spain and Cuba's home consumption
the heaviest tobacco is in demand.
These people have been smokers all
their lives and they prefer n dark,
heavy bodied, aromatic cigar. South
and Central America also like heavy
cigars. England, which. by the way,
is one of the worlds greatest smokers.
requires lighter cigar France and
Germany prefer about the same as
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1913-03-13

struCt them how TO make their wOns
derful skin boats that have no seanL
and fishing tackle. They also can and
do show the "Lapps" how TO make
dog harnesses, for the natives haTs
the peculiar Esquimo dog for hauling,
They used him before the rcindeer
came and still employ him for many
PURPOSES These dogs are part wolf,
they look like wolves, never bark and
have the wolf nose. Their fur is 50
thick that they seem 70 enjoy lyina
and sleeping in the snow. These
"huskies" are SO STRONG that six or
eight of them hitohed together can
haul a heavy load and cover many
miles a day. Hitched, one after thu
other, they pull with nerco energy and
howl in concert If they cannot get
started. They have the advantage al
living on fish but TO do this it is nee.
ossary TO have fish constitute a good
share OF the load.
The E.squimos have been so far res
moved from white influence that many
can still be found who are peaceful
trustful and generous. only Il few
of them ara within the Arctic Circle
as Is popularity supposed, In reality
they arc widely scattered through the
north of Canada and Alaska, but the
barrenuess Of the regions they inhabU
has been in some sort protection
Where they came from Is an interest
ing proposition but It may always re-
main mystery. Some ethnologisti
think they are of Monaghan origin and
others contend that they come from
Greenland. 1t Is certain that in colot
OF hair and shape of hands and feet
they bear striking resemblance I'd
the Japanese and they possess many
characteristics common TO the Japs
They are sunny in disposition, happy
and industrious.
Some Of their primitive customs are
remarkable. For instance, they maSa
wonderful skin boats and snow shoes,
Both men and women wear coats OF
artiges and trousers, the only differ-
ence being that the women's coats are
+ open at the sides, while those Of the
men are the Same length all around.
Bundled ny they look SO much alike
that IL ia often difficult to tell them
apart They are exceedingly domestic
and arc born mechanics with skin
any civilized man might envw,
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1913-03-13

he employs substitute. This insti-
tuition, strange rs it may seem to
American eyes, works we'll for both
employer and employee. Tho Spanish
race invariably Illustrate their CONVEX
satlon by free use OF their hands,
and as cigar making is a work Of tn"
hand and not OF the brain It becomes
monotonous unless there is something
TO employ the mind. Naturally tho
mon would talk. make gestures with
tll.r hands. ana few cigars would DO
made. The reader gives the work
Iu,u something to occupy his mind,
and tho work goes on in almost abso-
lutte silence, except for the voice Of
the reader. Tho workmen III this
manner become well informed on cur
rent events and on some Of the best
literature Of the day. The Idea origi-
mated with Saturnlno Martenez, a poet
about twenty-sevcu years aRo. In one
instance the owners Of Il factory de-
cided to discontinue II. and there was
almost a riot among the workmen un-
I'll the old custom was revived
The cigarette factories, too, are in
teresting from the fact that hundreds
Of girls make their living in tho man
ufacture of the millions of Cuban Gig
larettes consumed each year. These
workers vary from children Of twelve
TO women OF fifty. Some OF them as
exceedingly pretty, although there ara
few who bear any resemblance 10
Carmen as she IS pictured by our OPP
cratic stars. Others are slovcniy and
are incessant smokers. The tobacco
used for cigarettes is stored On tina
top floor Of the factory, and its odor
IS so strong that the visitor can only
remain in the rooms there for a few
moments. Several floors are given
over to the different processes Of Gig
arctic making. The machine has
practically superseded hand la bor, al
though certain branches Of tho trade
still demand handmade cigarettes.
Nearly all the work in these factories
is done by women, who roll, tip and
pack the cigarettes. They usually
como to work in their sayest clothes,
especially during the carnival season
The Queen Of Havana's Carnival is
always from these workers. being Sc
lected By popular vote of the Gig
arctic girls of the city.
The whole process Of cigar and Gig.
arctic making from the growth Of the
tobacco until It comes out n finished
product IS interesting anywhere, but
especially SO in cuba on account Of
Its vastness and the great number Of
people employed in the industry.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1913-03-13
Iz0coo@e Lz~'= c5o02elIa7e0 -
Cl5Sd(A-HI7lerH1u1 ~sa

~ My a few Esquimos have been
p brought to the United States but
in reality they are among the
~ most interesting people on our
continent. Those who have not had
much contact with the whites still
remain honest. truthful and simple.
The way the whalers and gold seek
ers in the extreme north have treated
them Is blot on our civilization. a
few men who have labored among
them have tried to better the condi-
ton OF those who have been deprived
Of the fish they needed for food and
the game that they ate and skins they
used for clothing, dwellings and boats.
Until the advent of the white man
they never lacked for supplies OF this
nature but after he came with his
superior weapons these poor people
began to suffer for necessities. 1t was
on this account the reindeer were in
troduced into the far north and their
story makes interesting reading. They
have not only been blessing to the
EsQuimos but they are about the only
foreign animal that we have domesti-
Gated with success. Camels were n
failure In the great American desert
but the Bureau Of Eduoation--for the
reindeer industry is under this part OF
the government--bas made success
of the reindeer industry.
DR.. Sheldon Jackson, who worked
for many years among the natives
around the Attic Circle, was the FIRST
TO suggest that they might be bene-
fted by supplying them with reindeer
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1913-03-13

per to meet his requirements. and he
selects by his eye and his cultivated
sense OF touch just enough material
to make the cigar exactly the proper
length, and, more difficult still, the
right amount to preserve the absu-
lutely uniform thickness Of the par
tlcular size on which he is working.
Since tho color and texture of wrap
per leaves cannot be controlled 10y
the grower to any appreciate extent.
it IS impossible to supply the modern
demand for light color Wrappers
demand based entirely upon tuo cr-
rOncous idea that tho color Of the
wrapper is an index Of the strength OF
the cigar. While ii is true to a linn
tied extent that the color of the wrap
per affects the strength. Representing
as It does only a small part of the
whole cigar it is only reasonable to
state that this factor is Of minor i'm =
portance, the real strength depending
upon the class Of tobacco used in the
filler. IT, for example a cigar carry
ing the blend intended for the United
States market, where heavy bodied
cigars are not in demand, should be
given q dark wrapper the strength
would not be noticeably affected. all
though SO great Is the power Of sug-
gestion that the cigar would not sell.
consequently, as far as possible the
cigars shipped TO the United States
have light colored wrappers.
Tho Workmen OF each factory or
ganize and elect president, secretary
and treasurer. a reader is employed
TO read aloud to the men several hours
each day. This entertainers salary
is from thirty to sixty dollars per
week the amount being collected by
the trea surer from the workmen--
usually fifteen cents from each man.
The reader must be man OF intelli-
gence, as he is often called upon to
make comments and explanations on
certain articles in the newspapers, for
q part of each day IS spent in listening
to the news OF the day. one of the
most popular readers" fills a place
on the editorial STAFF OF a local paper
when he IS not engaged NJ the fac
tory. A prominent member of the
Cuban Senate is said to have been q
factory reader only a few years ago.
Books, too, are read, ana these are Sc
lected by the men by vote. Don
QuiXote is a prime favorite. and in
one factory QUO Nadis was highly APP
preciated Reading aloud severa
hours a day is strain on the throat
and frequently tho reader must res
] for several days. during which TIM
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1913-03-13
THcEoF2ISJL2LZ E7Yc2lI7

produces tho best tobacco IN the
world. The finest Of the Islands crop
is grown in the Pinar del Rio district
in the western end of the Republic,
the very best quality Of growth COM
Ing within the narrow confines of the
Nue!ta Abajo district, which is the
region lying between Consola clon del
Sur and the sea on the north. west
and south. Tobacco culture on the
Island, however, did not have its be-
ginning in Pinar del Rio, for II was
not until the seventeenth century that
any legitimate agriculture was carried
on in this section. Up to that time
tobacco was being grown in large
quantities in Eastern Cuba. while the
western section was owned by cattle
raisers and used for grazing purposes.
Pirates infested the land and between
these and the destruction of the fields
by cattle the pioneer tobacco grow
ers were unable to make much prog
ress. Spain, too, levied heavy taxes
on tobacco lands. Finally, between
1865 and 1863 over half a million
pounds OF tobacco of all grades and
prices We're exported to Seville. 1t
was then discovered that the plant
grown in the Pinar del Rio district
had the finest flavor and tobacco Gull
ture in that section received sudden
impetus. From that time on Cuban
tobacco has been recognized as the
finest the world can produce. Thou
sands of dollars are spent every year
in preparing the soil. An expert
mental station is maintained near Ha-
vana by the growers. There expert
chemists and gardeners work day af-
ter day trying every conceivable kind
/ of fertilizer, etc, in order to bring
the plant to even greater perfection.
The plant is extremely delicate, be-
ing sensitive to cold or heat. to
drought or rain. and even to the di-
ERECTION of the winds. From october,
when the plants are usually taken
from the seed beds and trarsplanted,
until March, when the cutting or har-
vcsting begins, is an anxious period of
constant watchfulncss ana care to the
grower. Even after the tobacco IS cut
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1913-03-13

and on the whole. his policy was far
reaching and wise. 1t took him some
time to convince people that the moss
on which the wild Alaskan reindeer
lived was the same that nourished the
Siberian animals, but after while
friends raised over two thousand dol
lars TO import some reindeer to this
country. Even with this money diff
fculties arose for the Siberians did not
care to soil and as they had no use
for cash 1t was necessary TO supply
articles to Use for barter. Then. ne
and companion were obliged to
coast over fifteen hundred miles along
Siberia and to stop at many villages
before they could obtain animals.
They returned with sixteen, all that
they could buy, for the Siberians were
afraid that If they sold TO Alaska they
would no longer be able to exchange
deer skins in exchange for oil.
The success In getting sixteen ami
mails encouraged Congress to appro-
pirate several thousand dollars for an
industrial reindeer school near Boring
Strait Siberian herders were imported
to show the natives how to care for
and raise the animals and later q
colony OF Lapps were brought over
from Northern Europe. 1T took some
time. however, TO convince people that
the reindeer were adapted to our ex-
IRENE north. though as a matter OF
fact, we have a vast area Of tundra
and moss adapted to these animals
sustenapce, and those who have been
instrumental In bringing reindeer have
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1913-03-13
(S)EHH0JIEIZ

revenue cutter who did SUCH good
work in the case Of tho Imprisoned
whaler was sent to Siberia TO obtain
"a larger deer than we possessed. with
men under him as assistants he landed
on the Siberian shore, went into the
interior, battered and after enduring
many hardships came back with two
hundred immense animals which were
enough TO found the present reindeer
industry. They are now used in con-
ncction with the postal service. trips
around the Arctic Circle are made with
them and they are useful in innum-
cradle ways.
The color of the fur isSusually seal
brown and rich in appearance. 1t Is
soft glossy and pliable. When DR..
Jackson first brought the animals tho
natives were obtaining skins with
great difficulty. sometimes from siberia
and rarely from a Wild reindeer, but
today the imported animals furnish
the skins for the main part OF the
Equimos SUNDAY go-to-meeun' y"
dress Clothing, however, Is only one
thing these animals furnish for they
solve the problem Of transportation TO
and from stations and mining camps.
It Is remarkahla what ono OF these
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1913-03-13

animals averaging two hundred and
fifty pounds in weight can do. 1t can
haul immense loads over frozen snow
and succeed we'll even on light snow.
They are somewhat like oxen. sure
footed, slow and safe. Thirty miles q
day Is fair average with load rest
ing on the shoulders.
These gentle creatures are about
two years old when broken TO the
harness and they are often used for
hauling as well rs for burden bear
ers. They are somewhat awkward to
ride az the riders feet almost touch
the ground. They are often driven
two abreast and the harness is Of the
sim plest--usually a head stall, breast
strap and belly band. One jerk line Is
used by a driver who walks by the
side OF the load and sometimes several
loads follow in succession, the sledges
being provided with reindeer who
follows the first load. The males do
the hauling.
Horses havo never been a great sue
cess in this country because Of the
difficulty in obtaining food for them
in winter. In fact, men have been
accused Of turning their horses out TO
die of cold and starvation when the
long, cold season advanced. Because
of the scarcity of food supply for ami
mails the reindeer are invaluable
They pick their own fodder by paving
the snow and they even eat the snow
for water. All the herder does Is TO
lasso them to a frozen mound OF earth
and they take care of themselves. SO
far there have been three classes of
reindeer stations, Government mis-
sions where herds are loaned and an
equal number eventually returned, and
relief herds which are stationed at
suitable points for emergency puy-
poses. But there is one great mis-
fortune. Though they were original
ly brought over for the Esquimos,
there is only small per cent. owned
by these natives, The Lapps and oth-
er Inhabitants are moro fortunate.
Many reasons are given for this. aae
being the reluctance OF tho Esqusrsaes
to leave home and . herder mgr be
with his fock far away from tha Ss-
lagos.
Tho Laplanders are paid to NAyH
the natives how TO make sledfa Vr
halters and the Dsauhnos ~ M$}S tn
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1913-03-13

80 HE word tobacco" is Indian and
~ Is derived from the name of an
island in the Lesser Antilles
~ called TaboEa, where the plant
grows in wild profusion. The first
mention of its use in history occurs in
the diary kept by Christopher Column
bus on the first voyage. Under the
date of Tuesday November 6, 1892,
Columbus relates how two mon he
mad sent into an inland district. which
Is now Oriente Province of cuba, in
the course of their reconnoltre met
men and women smoking herbs"
Later 1t was discovered that aborig-
inal Indians whom the Spanish found
inhabitinr the islands OF the West In
dies used tobacco in their religious
ceremonies. Its smoke was the in
cense with which the priests accom-
panied their prayers to the gods 1t
was also learned that they sometimes
sprinkled the heads of their idols with
snuff or powdered tobacco. The med
icine men stupetied themselves with
This herb when they consulted oracles
IN divinaton, and Icy it they cured
the sick in medical practice. The
process of inhaling the smoke through
accounts of their ceremonies and
according to one authority special
tables covered with lighted to-
bacco were placed before their idols.
Las Cacas when he came TO write
in his history of the Indies using for
his authority the diary of Columbus.
explains how the Indians smoked n
sort of rude cigar which they made
ana called "Tabaccos'---a name still
used In Cuba. Il knew" Las Cacas
adds. "Spaniards who smoked, and
when they We're reproved for 1t and
told that it was vice said they could
not leave it off. l do not know what
pleasure or profit they got out Of it,"
1t seems singular that this "Vice"
originating with the Indians should
prove one Of the richest sources OF
revenue for the Island through the
fondness Of the civilized world for the
use Of this same plant.
II has long been conceded that Cuba
Devils Lake weekly world. (Devils Lake, N.D.) 1911-1914, 1913-03-28

no happier idea eould be conceived IN
Introducing him in Devils Lake than
the dancing reception which was com
plete in every detail. The sevilla
dining hail was well festooned for the
occasion and each lady in attendance
was presented with carnation or rose
as souvenir: Dancing continued until
l O'Clock each and every dance receiv-
ing an encore to which Prof. Kutzen =
five'piece orchestra willingly respond
ed. The affair was one Of the prettiest
semt+pfivate functions that has ever
occurred in Devils Lake.
The Degree Of Honor will hold a So
cial meeting tomorrow evening.
John A. Cowan returned to Derrick
today after spending the past several
days visiting at his home here.
sonney Bailey formerly Of Swift
Current, Can, has been visiting at tn,
Mcdonnell home left yesterday for
Barton where he will visit his brother
F. II. Bailey and from there to Swift
Current.
The T. W. O'Brien family who have
been making their home in this city
during the winter months are moving
to their farm in Cato township this
week. Miss Anna and Mr.. Ned o.
Brien who attend high school here
Devils Lake weekly world. (Devils Lake, N.D.) 1911-1914, 1913-03-28

will lnot 20 to the farm: uakil - lattess.
part Of May. i, a: Il 49, ~ .: So
J. P. Rance Of Webster left last eve
ming for Warrensburg, Mo-, and Ex-
celsior Springs, whore he intends spend
ing several months visiting with rela.
tives and friends.
Anselm Wolfe will leave this week
for an extended visit in Germany with
his parents and before returning home
he will visit in several Of the prin-
ciple European cities.