davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-08-31
LENSES OF AMERICAN MAKE.

oddly enough. IL Is only within the last
few months that lenses for American
lighthouses have been made on American
soil. though the lens system has been IN
vogue for more than half a century. For
merly all lenses had To be imported from
France, Germany and England but now
a plant near Pittsburgh produces them.
The largest lens I'm an American light
house is that at the Makapu Point Light
i'm the Hawaiian Islands; it Is feet .
inches i'm diameter
To gaze at the fountain head Of the
great Ambrose Channel ray sends one s
thoughts back to the early days OF light
houses and the constitution of their illu-
minatlon warning beacon at Point
Allerton. i'm 1913. had not got ahead of
Roman lighthouses: it burned 'iierballs
OF pitch and ocum." The Boston Light.
built IN l7lJ, burned tallow candles, how
ever. which We're succeeded by fish oil
burned i'm spider lamps with solid wicks,
suspended by iron chains. This was the
sort of illumination used at Sandy Hook
lighthouse as late as 1850. Then came
the era of sperm oil. burned In "A kind
of argand lamp. i'm Winslow's patent
magnifying and rejecting lanterns,
backed up with renectors. till COLA oil
and the lens came into vogue 20 years
AGO
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-08-31
HIS MORAL SENSE.

Apropus of another scandal In the Nes
York bar. Bishop Winston {. Ruther'0'S
said in Mobile:
"rhe morals of the New York oar
seem To be about like the morals OF wi
onel Byrne. no better and no worse
Colonel Byrne. Kentuckian, defehoe'
a man for murder. II was testned uA.
this man murdered a woman on the h'sD'
Of August 20. Two or three Wl'hesse-
saw the deed. 1t was committed ui'u''
the milky light of a full moon.
The witnesses were able TO iue""..
the defendant on account of the orlllia",s
OF the moonlight The defendant 49,
not prove an albi. and things iooA'N
pretty bad for him.
But at this point Colonel byrhe p
duced an almanac showing that on ".
night i'm question there had been no NOV"
whatever. Thereupon great lausn
sounded through the courtroom anu W
defendant was speedily acquitted
Colonel said the defendant ai'''
ward. how much do | owe you!
".You owe me?' the colonel answers
$500.
"'Ain't that pretty steep?' 49,,
mo: not when you consider wv"
only GET one hundred out of IT. ..,
"'Why. what did you do with the ~
four hundred. colonel? Bride tue ', ,,.,,rs
"'No, SIR shouted Colonel nave
holly. NO. sir. DO you thihk 10
10 moral sense? 1t cost me s4oV'
oct that almanac printed
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-08-31
STATEN ISLAND REAR RANGE.

The Staten Island Rear Range Is the
last of the crescent of lanl lighthouses TO
seward Of New York. but still another
station is to be found up on North Broth
er Island. between the Harlem River aud
Flushing Bay. II shows a white light.
visible for five seconds and then eclipsed
for an equal period The lighthouse on
the northerly end OF Bldckwells Island
Is maintained by the city OF New York
and shows a fixed red light
Few New Workers recollect to-day the
Inflated Hell Gate lighthouse. which over
did its dazzling and was dynamted Off
the face Of the earth i'm consequence. Ii
was great skeleton ircn tower, erected
In 1889. to illuminate Hell Gate Channel.
II was 80 feet high From the summit
hung a cluster of nine electric arcs OF
GOD0-candlepower each Every one agreed
that the effect was beautiful. The tower
was invisible at night, and the lights had
the aspect Of an immense chandelier
dangling from the heavens. But the pi-
tested that the light was so brilliant that
IL daZZled their eyes: and. moreover the
shadows thrown were 30 black that thry
looked like obstacles. They said that the
tout ensemble gave Hell Gate even more
claim than hitherto To it, picturesque
sobriquet. Hence u was blown up by
dynamite. In 1885,. and now the pilots get
along very happily with the moon and
Blackwells Islands red eye.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-08-31

set ln. from 1851 urul the COS, when
Kerosene had come into almost Universal
use II was difficult to frame estimates
for the lard oil supply. for the cost a
gallon ranged widcly, from Ssh To
$JJO31.
As early as 1901 there was correspon-
dence between Secretary of the Treasury
Gallatln and the owners OF the ship Cor
omanda. from Rangoou relative 10 800
gallons of earth oil" Werosene), recon-
mended as the best article known Tor
burning ~ lighthouse. making very
strong. clear and bright flame. emitting
AT the same tim, a great volume -,
smoak. The "smoak" was the obstacle
TO kerosene's adoption for several lee
AIDES Its explosive propensitles too were
feared. not without reason. as the follow
ing incident will show: The keeper OF
lighthouse on Lake Michigan installed a
kerosene lamp in 1864. He blew down its
chimney. IL exploded. with clothes a:ire
he rushed to the foot Of the stairs. tn ~
another explosion blew the lantern clear
off the tower
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-08-31
RIGHT, ALL RIGHT. But

DIR. Talcott Williams, the very ,.,r.
ful head OF Columoia's sehoo, " work
ualism. said the other day In New ,rors
newspapers should never s'ea' ..s,
one another. II a paper copies ouN
item. an anecdote or an editoria'
give suitable credit always -, IN
Right, eminenty right d. s.,cky
spirit. was that young No'a s,.m
editor who copied In his paper d ,n.r
beginning Full fathom I'VE thy ,ssss
lies. and at the POEMS END put
words of credit; ..,r.. New
william Shakespeare III
Orleans States"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-08-31
DIFFERENT KINDS OF OIL.

With whales becoming fewer and fewer.
the cost of sperm oil became formidable
in the middle of last century. The gov
eminent eXpermented extensively I'm 1851
with COLA. whale OIL shark oil. fish oil,
seal oil. olive oil and mineral oil. Cola
pressed from wild cabbage seeds. gave
the best results II wa used extensively
I'm France. but no one made 1t over here
However. the Board OF Lighthouses m
duced certain drms to und, rtake it's pro-
duction No sooner had start been
made with COLA than II was found thit
certain grade of lard oil was even bet
ter and cheaper. So an era OF lard oil
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-08-31

IN the larger kerosene oil IL heated until
IL becomes vapor. Then the vapor Is
forced through a nozzle ll0-inch IN
diameter, by "a pressure % 60 pounds To
the inch. induced by the compressed air
i'm the smaller cylinder. The light pro-
duced Is only 100 candle power but the
complex lenses enlarge II TO $4,000. a
duplicate set Of similar light making APP
paratus is always ready for an emer-
gency. and should this fail there remains
a powerful oil lamp of an older type.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-08-31
FISHING AS A SIDE LINE.

"Of course. 1t is a lonesome life the
men on the offshore stations lead. hut
they have plenty to do TO keep them
busy. and fishing and reading I'LL in
their spare time" said the chief inspec-
tor II the 30 District comprising all the
coastal lights from Woods Hole to Cape
May. who superintends the service from
the lighthouse depot at Stapleton, Staten
Island. There are two or three men on
each OF the pay lights. Most OF them
make a tidy bit of money In the course Of
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-08-31
Continued from third page.

TO $3.50 year i'm recognition of this de-
votion TO duty. A few years later his
wife and daughter We're drowned while
going in d small boat to neighboring
island: their grave may be seen to-day in
Cops Hill Cemetery, at Boston. The
cost Of this first American lighthouse
was f2,2S5 lis. sgd. according TO the
meticulous calculation Of the record en-
bodying il.
Four miles west of Navesink is Con-
over Beacon Lighthouse, the beam OF
which is directed across the bay toward
Fort Hamilton, at the Narrows. 1t is a
tall tower. striped with red and white.
showing a fixed light visible for thir-
teen miles A mile and half inland be-
hind il stands the Chapel Hin Beacon.
the beam Of which is four miles longer
than Conover. This is the first of the
successive pairs Of shore and inland
beacons the lights of which appear one
above the other TO ships out in the bay.
threading their way through narrow
channels I'm the treacherous shoals.
THE TWO NEXT LIGHTS.
Point Comfort on the seashore, and
Waackaack three-quarters Of a mile in
shore. are the next lighthouses, -four
miles further west from Conover. Point
Comfort shows one fixed white light and
Waackaack two. all being visible some
fifteen or sixteen miles. They are seen.
one above the other, by ships coming up
the Main Channel from the ocean Ia
Raritan Bay. skirting the inner tip of
Sandy Hook.
Now comes a gap of eight miles before
the next of the chain of stations. This
Is Great Beds a mile from shore In Rar-
itan Bay. between Wards Point. the
most southerly cape Of Staten Island
and South AmbOy IT is "A white conical
tower on d black iron pier. showing a
red light 10 give warning Of the shallow
beds or shoals. visible eleven miles
Then comes Princess Bay Lighthouse
perhaps the most picturesquely situated
of any In New York waters. IL occupies
a prominent site on an outthrown blum
or rocky headland. a deserted corner OF
shore that few OF the rare passersby rec
ognize AS the highest cliff OH the Amerl-
can coast between Maine and Florida
and at that il is only about one hundred
feet high for "A couple of hundred yards
Princess Bay shows white flash every
five seconds aud can be seen sixteen
miles out. The station Is some miles
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-08-31
LIGHTS OF AMBROSE CHANNEL,

The new Staten Island Rear Range, on
the crest of the Dongan HIS. above
Richmond. is the guiding star of liners
steaming up the Ambrose Channel A
word about the channel IT Is a sea canal
that took eight years constant dredging
and cost 100000 II is ~ miles long,
1880 feet wide and 40 feet deep. guarded
by two lines of buoys-bell buoys on the
one side whistlers on the other The
West Bank Lighthouse, miles out from
Staten Island shore. is at its head. As
an inbound liner steams past Sandy
Hook. West Banks light is dead ahead
and above il the more powerful fixed
beam Of the Staten Island Rear Range.
The Staten Island light is at the top
of a 9O-foot tower and go feet above sea
level. Its range Is only % miles. owing
10 the earths curvature. but It's glow In
the sky has been seen 90 miles beyond.
The apparatus that produces this 9OD,0Vo-
candle power ray is couple Of brass
cylinders. d yard long and inches wide.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-08-31

Tho men of the lighthouse service arc
chosen by competitive civil service eN-
animation. Ninety per cent OF them are
American born Swedcs are perhaps
the predominant foreign bern race among
the other 10 per cent. II is a calling In
which son often succeeds father. \ light
house keeper must be a good boatm an.
neat. clean and industrious i'm his habits
and man with aptitude for mastering
mechanical details. Though he Is not re-
qured To be total abstainer. he rs rot
allowed To bring any alcoholic liquor int)
his station As vacancies occur In the
service men are chosen from the waiting
list OF successful candidates. and are
sent first as aids to the keepers Of on
shore stations. There they learn the ruIi-
nents of their business. and thence they
are subsequently transferred TO posts
of third second or first assistant AT a
shore station rising successfully through
all the grades until they become Keeper.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-08-31
A SCORE OF LIGHTHOUSES GUARD NEW YORKS SEA GATES

New York Bay may cost anywhere from
500. 600 TO $4,000.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-08-31

The average man would rather Ma .,aI
beautiful mouth than d"
brow.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-08-31
NO PENSIONS FOR KEEPERS.

The men who tend the lighthouses ere
paid from So to so a month. with fee
and plentiful rations. and. of course. free
lodging. They are allowed, IL they pre-
fer. To draw "A cash allowance in lieu
of rations and To do their own marketing
when on shore leave. No pensions await
them in their declining years. but man
is not dismissed on account of old age.
So long as he is able To attend TO ms
duties he is retained. Apropos of receiv-
ing rations, reference may be made TO
the lighthouse keepers trade joke When
the men of the cffshore stations are
questioned by visitors about their recrea-
tons and pursuits they reply that they
do a good deal OF fishing and that they
also raise vegetables. Raise vegeta-
bes?" cries the unwary city girl. incred-
ulously. How can you raise vegetables
out on this rock? You're kidding me-!
I'VE raise EN- In baskets, when the light
house tender comes around every month
with our ratIons." murmurs the keeper
business OF outlaws and snickerS.)
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-06-26
CALLS COURT To
PROBE LYNCHING
Judge LittIejohn Orders Special
Session at Americas to Con-
vene Next Monday.

AMERICUS. June 26.-Judge 2. A.
Littlejohn has signed an order calling
for a special session of the Sumter
County Superior Court to investigate
the lynching of Will Redding, a negro,
for shooting Chief of Police W. C..
Barrow last Saturday night. The or
der fixes next Monday as the time
for court to convene.
1t is also ordered that the same
Grand Jury that served at the recent
term of the court be resummOned 70
investigate the lynching. This Grand
Jury is known as one Of the most
fearless that ever served the people
of Sumter County, having indicted a
number of well-known men for gam
ing and others for violation Of the
prohibition law.
Sunday morning the city was all
agog with talk Of the lynching. Now,
strange to say, no one can be found.
without difficulty, who will speak Of
the affair except as having been in
formed by someone else.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-06-26
WISE TO RUN FOR
CONGRESS AGAIN

J. w Wise, OF Fayette, who was
beaten by a scratch last year in the
race for Congress from the Sixth Dis
trict, will enter the race again next
year. Mr.. Wise says he hopes to get
sufficient votes next time to leave
not a shadow of doubt of election.
In the last contest in the Sixth the
district voted as a whole. the candi-
date receiving the largest vote to be
declared the nominee. when the re-
turns were announced it is said the
count showed Mr. Wise to be the
winner by about 200 votes over his
opponent, Congressman Bartlett
Later, however, Mr.. Wise received
information from Macon to the effect
that there had been change in the
vote in some Of the city precincts
Mr.. Wise says he never has been
satisfied with that decision, but has
determined TO bide his time and get
into the race next year. He says
he has been overwhelmed with mes
sages urging him to enter the race
at the next election.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-06-26
DOYouWant to Save a Baby Life?
+.+
Quart of Milk Daily Is the Means
+'+ +'+ +'+ +'+ +'+ +'+
Mothers Congress Asks Your Aid.

A campaign for pure milk for the
poor babies OF the Gate City was in
augurated Thursday morning by the
Mothers Congress Of Atlanta. The
members plan to engage actively IN
the work Of helping the babies who
can not help themselves, and through
the president. Mrs John W. Row
lett have sent out the following ap-
peal:
One hundred persons are want
ed each 10 furnish one quart of
milk daily for one child. If you
are willing to help save ore baby,
send your name to Mrs John w.
Rowlett, 1856 East Pine Street.
The officers of the congress declare
that, when they have obtained the
names of the 100 persons willing to
save baby each, It will be but the
opening wedge in the work they have
undertaken The ultimate object of
the campaign is the establishment of
milk stations in sections of the city
where they are needed, thus enabling
the mother to be instructed as vel
as helped
Evans Eager to Help.
ne lhCL Ludl dlu IOT the poor
babies Of the city is imperative and
must be given at once was estab-
lished by the congress after a con-
ference had been held with City War
den Evans Mr.. Evans furnished the
officers of the congress with a long
list OF children whom ii is proposed
to make the beneficiaries of the one
quart of milk a day plan, and he has
offered to cooperate with the con-
gress in every way possible during
the campaign.
The question OF caring for the
babies of Atlanta during the months
when the chances for the baby TO
survive are few, is a vital and press
ing one" declared one of the officers
Of the congress Thursday morning.
"and the question Of furnishing pure
milk to the children should be taken
up in earnest by the people of At
lanta We are hoping for a hearty
and encouraging response to our re-
quest for a 100 quarts of milk a day
for the babies, and would ask that
every person contemplating enlist
ing in the good work send in their
names as soon as possible.
we hope to show the vital need
Of this work by the good we can do
with the 100 quarts a day PLAN and
so arouse the people of Atlanta that
pure milk stations can be estab-
lished.
Bames improper Feeding.
Improper feeding is the chief
cause of infant mortality. and ignor-
ance IS very often the cause of i'm
proper feeding. Hence a campaign
for the reduction of infant mortality
must not only give relief at once,
but must also instruct the mother
in the care of her child, especially
during the summer months"
The Congress of Mothers Of Atlanta
has for several years been fighting
on behalf of the baby, and have
aroused a great deal of interest IN
their work throughout the city. See e
eral years ago they tried to bring TO
Atlanta a Gordon Walker Labora-
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-06-26
TARIFF A
MESS, SAYS
EXPERT
R. K. MacLea Writes 0'Gorman
Lobby Cry Drove Honest Bust
ness Men Away.

NEW YORK, June 26.-Robert X.
MacLea. associate editor Of Dry
Goods and formerly consulting ex-
pert OF the Tariff Board. has sent
70 United States Senator James a.
OTGorman a letter in which ne criti-
cfsed the cotton changes in the I'm
derwood tariff bill made by the SEN
ate committee and declared that the
sub committee IN making them has
been misled by its experts, as
feared likely"
Mr MacLea has had rs years ex-
perience in ali branches OF the cot
ton trade and his plain talk TO Sena-
tor CO'Gorman will. It is believed, at
tract much attention at Washington.
In the letter he says:
Il vas greatly surprised to read
the changes made by the Senate Fl
nance Committee, and while ! realize
that attempts have been made pre-
sumably TO eradicate some OF the
evils Of the Underwood bill in regard
TO cotton manufactures they have
TO my mind in reality made a worse
mess Of IL than I could have imag-
lined possible.
says Business Men Will Protest.
There is no excuse for discredit-
irg the cost accounting shown in the
tariff board report on Schedule l.
I know that Mr.. Patton, one OF the
experts relied upon by the Senate
ub-committee, has rejected it's facts,
for he told me so recently, stating
that IL was not worth anything to
him and that he cared nothing for IT.
Il am sure that when the business
men appreciate this situation, they
will be heard from in no unmistak-
able voice They win understand Il
in the course OF year certainly.
There is no reason why proper
cotton and yarn schedule should not
have been formulated and wish 10
protest vigorously against the enact
ment into law Of the Senate amend
ments without further adequate
changes TO properly correct the over
sight Of the House OF Representa-
tives' measure as passed by them and
the additional oversights OF the Sen
ate subcommittee.
Business Men Driven Away.
Many honest business men have
lately turned away from Washington
by the lobby inslnuations; yet IN
% one OF President Wilson's most nota-
Bile speeches before he took office he
appealed to the honest business men
OF the United States to help him
with legislation.
Hundreds in the cotton industry
had accepted the invitation and after
depending upon a correct interpre-
tation OF facts by the House OF Rep
resentatives found that recommended
tions with proofs had In many ways
been ignored. They have since been
driven away from Washington in
their further honest efforts TO point
out errors made"
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-06-26
DRAW ENDS SHAM
BATTLE OF TROOPS

BRUNSWICK, GA, June 26.-Ofti
GERS Of the Georgia State militia and
regular army men here to observe the
maneuvers are much pleased to-day
over the excellent work OF the troops
in the second sham battle of the en-
campment yesterday afternoon.
The battle ended in a draw, the
infantry under Major Hunter being
unable to dislodge Major Seamans'
dismounted cavalry from their in
trenchments, while the latter had
their hands full trying TO repulse the
attacking forces.
The Orange army, equipped for
field duty, marched directly from
Camp Brown to the sea, and then
proceeded northward about a mile
where intrenchments were thrown up
At places the earthworks were Ave
feet in height and the defenses were
concealed by canes and rushes cut
from the neighboring swamps.
The Blue army, under command OF
Major Hunter, approached from the
heavily wooded land side. but was
| held at bay by the Orange outpost
under command OF Captain Rudisail
/ OF Atlanta, long enough for the or
ange army to intrenCh its position
I The Blue army took up a position
running parallel with the railroad
, The battle line was about 1000 feet
| long.
A number Of Atlanta women were
entertained by the officers OF the See
! ond Squadron and the Third Bat
/ TALON yesterday. Most OF the visitors
| formed parties and went fishing, and
some good catches were made. Mrs
! c. W. Hatcher, of Atlanta, caught and
| towed to the shore five-foot shark
which she shot and killed.