Five Mile Beach weekly journal., 1913-06-27
bURTH OF JULY
FIFTY YEARS AGO.
People Were Awaiting News
of Battle of Gettysburg.

@IFTY years ago this Fourth Of
July the people Of the whole
country were in a state Of ire
mendous excitement over the
battle of Gettysburg, which came to an
end the day before. For three days
startling rumors had been anoat. The
Confederate army, under General Rob
ert q. Lee, was in the heart of Penn
sylvania. Fighting began July l close
to the town of Gettysburg. The Unit.
ed States government censored all dis
patches from the battlefield, but there
were unofficial telegraph messages sent
out from Offices near the scene of oper-
ations. After the battle Of July l a
dispatch stated that the Confederates
were cut in two and retreating, etc.
The Army of the Potomac was In the
6eld to combat Lee. Its commander,
General Joseph Hooker, had been re
moved June %, and news of that add
ed to the anxiety of the country over
the fate of the army. The government
censorship Of telegraph dispatches sent
to the press was very rigid, but from
hour to hour In a crisis like that at Get
kysburg the authorities at Washington
sent dispatches direct to the towns and
cities to be placed on the bulletin
boards. In this way the people within
reach of the telegraph centers were
posted at intervals during the 4th upon
the latest news from the field.
The battle of Gettysburg closed July
B. The morning newspaper news OF
that date was chiefly In the minds OF
the public on the Fourth except those
who received the morning daIlies Of the
Fourth. This number vas a compare
lively small proportion of the popula
tion. In the news printed on July B,
over which the people were Illuminating
On Independence day, was information
OF the severe battle on July | NEAR
Eettysburg.'
The papers stated that General j. f
Reynolds of the Federal forces had
been killed. that the Co~nfederates had
been ''repulsed" and driven" and
were "%avoiding the issue" and that
General George q. Meade, the com
mander who succeeded Hooker. WINS
sspressing' them. The general sum
mary of this information which was BIZ
fore the people on the Fourth was thai
reports from the battle of Gettysburg
were moi unfavorable."
The morning papers of July 4 placed
before their readers on Independence
day the statement that the battle Of
Gettysburg had been the seyerest Of
the war, but contained nc hint what
ever of Pickett's charge, which closed
the day on July 8 and closed the bat
tie Of Gettysburg. The papers also
gave official news relating to the fight
ing Of July / and 2. One of the news
paper headings was. I'VE Took Gettys
burg" A dispatch from General Meade
dated at 3 p. m. July 2, the day of the
terrible battle In front of Little Round
Top, said that there had been no fight
ing OF consequence that day. In n
hour after that the Confederate guns
opened upon General Sickles' line. A
still later dispatch also appeared, dat
ed at 8 a. m. July 8. There was no ref
erence to the results Of the fighting of
the previous day. but the dispatch stat
ed that fighting had begun on that
morning.
In comparison with Pickett's charge,
mhich took place on the afternoon of
July 8, this fighting of the early morn
ing was a mere incident of the battle.
Meade closed his dispatch with a state
ment that the Confederates shave
made no impression on my position as
yet"
II this dispatch General Meade gave
to the people whose relatives were in
the army at Gettysburg food for
thought by stating that the losses had
been heavy. This news, taken In con
nection with the previous statement
that the baltic was the severest Of the
war, naturally filed the minds of rela
lives at home with anxiety as to the
fate of their loved ones at the front
General Meade stated In his dispatch
that General Reynolds OF P~ennsylva
mia, Colonel q. =. Cross of New Hamp-
shire, General Zook and General Pau
had been killed. He also mentioned the
wounding of General Daniel q. Sickles
and some of his brigade commanders
But he said nothing of the heroic death
IN defense Of Little Round Top OF Gen.
eral Strong Vincent and General Ste
phen d. Weed.