The Telegraph-courier. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1888-1946, 1913-03-06
Recommendations.


or nitigated as much as possible.
Recommendations.
secure an effluent which is safe to
drink, but the method is relatively
quite costly. Probably the most
economical and efficient procedure
would be filtration of the sewage,
using trickling filter beds in order to
obtain organic stability and partial
bacterial publication of the effluent,
and subsequently to disinfect the
effluent with calcium hypochlorite in
order to remove pathogenic organisms
Chemical disinfection alone offers a
means whereby high bacterial puri-
fcation may. be accomplished without
complete publication of the organic
matter, but in no sense is it a substi-
tute for sewage publication as ordi-
narily understood for, though the APP
plication Of hypochlorite to an effluent
oxidizes the organic matter in it to
some extent, and thereby increases its
stability, such improvement is only
incidental.
AS a result of these studies one of
the principal questions which suggests
itself is: What is the remedy for this
tlouble and what methods of puriica-
ton should be adopted? This ques-
ton can only be solved after care
full study of the costs involved. There
are obviously several courses open.
Either the sewage may be purified by
one of the methods of filtration or
suitable combination Of methods of
disposal, or sterilized, before it is dis
charged into the lake, or the water
supplies may be filtered, or both
methods of publication, sewage and
water, may be established. There is
also the problem Of extension of the
intakes, but as long as sewage is al
lowed to be discharged freely into the
lake, the extension of the intake is
but temporary expedient, for the
pollution is always being driven out
in greater amounts. In order to es-
cape pollution and to ensure safe
supply of water it would be necessary
to extend the intake to q distance Of
from twelve to fifteen miles from
shore, but such an undertaking would
be Impractical. Estimates will show
that it would be cheaper to adopt fl
tration, to say nothing Of the greater
safety secured.
1t is possible with modern methods
Of sewSge publication by filtration to
In conjunction with sewage purifca-
tion, filtration of the water should be
undertaken by municipalities deriv-
ing their supply from the lake. It
will only be few years before the
lake water will have to be filtered
because the necessity of and demand
for filtration is constantly increasing.
Filtration is easily possible at moder-
ate cost. In this case the evidence
indicates that mechanical filtration
would be both efficient and economical,
as the water is sufficiently hard In
connection with the matter Of fltra-
tion it is very desirable to point out
that it is extremely important that
such a plant when built should be
properly operated.
AS temporary expedient, prior to
the installation Of filtration plants,
it would be desirable to treat the
water with hypochlorite of lime, and
thus ensure safe supply for the time
being. Only small amount of
hypoehorite is necessary, about four
to five tenths parts per million of
available chlorin will suffice to remove
over 80 per cent of the total bacteria
present.