davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1913-04-08

WASHINGTON. April --conrrcs,
"I'hihS ia extraordinary session to-
N"f under Democratic dom nation
WIS hhNened hF the activities or a
h'tI'hN t"uth. the progressive. nryant-
"'i'h Ih ire houses. and an invasion
D VIC bruti"n- bearing suffragettey.
bit even thes, novelties were ov.r-
Shadowcd 10y tn. Uf,uaratio,, Tor ,i,,,
p'r''dc M breaking event Of tomor-
i"". whcn Prcsidcnt Wilson Will ae-
.IN'i hrs tarin message by word NJ
NOUN Il the nations law makerr.
lctor durdock. leader Of the new
. IIosrssslVe party in the lower b.anch
,Iae.F slaeu bF ms small banG OF followers. at
Idcted unusual interest and. al the
very outset stirred up d fight over the
S"diIns OF Representative y Olin
"uhS. OF Michigan. The heraIding
1i me coming Of the president OF the
nlicd states. however. was the prin.
yiPir subject 81 official and unofficial
Hlsfus sion. The senate hasitafad
when resolution adopted previousIv
DN the House providing for a ioint
s'-sicn tomorrow TO listen 20 Presi.
~ NJ wilson vas presented for ii's
Di''i - Iai.pN if was stunning
pronosa. Nnt IN the lifetime OF snv
Ne,eran Statesman present had such
= lLlhE even been considered HIS
'ofN. iteN supposed. had closed ON
rIfN, an ffOTt vas made % have the
70 ClltiOn Iic over under the rule br,t
'e-Pr'sidCnt Marshall ruled n VAS
r'solution OF the highest privilege
heiore o. wa, adopted. senator vii.
ANS. oI Mississippi deprecated fbe
Presidents decision 20 enter the halls
OF congress and speak his mind 10 the
peoples REPRESENTATIVES He eXpres-
sea ID" nope that such an event never
W'r'd occur a-aiu during the admins.
ttifiot. nd he doubted the wisdom OF
th- move. 1Nerring that ~ would MOI
.id ir hrincir" about tho legislation
Tor which thr people were clamoring
Adoote5 Without Deb5te.
In 'n" House. the resolution was
ADOPTED without debate a. soon az
i'iuriY Leader Underwood intro
ducei % There plans FOR the Pre-i.
d.ui Welcome foot a Gala aspect.
N-nl l'r -crambled for the special
'irkf~ fp fL' callsrie4 which wcre
.s~iHf Tor the occasion. the occasion
h'.nt Too cd forward fp a- ZEN enochal
tcontinued on Page TsnD
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1913-04-08
Suiiragettes and the Progressives
Make Things Lively for
While.
HOUSES PREPARE FOR
WILSON'S COMING
Resolution for a Joint Session
Brings Forth Remarks from
Senator Williams.
The DAY IN cOGREss
Senate.

Senate.
M't a. noon and orraniya-
ton perfected.
J.. V. sherman. ~ Illinois
ana Nathan GoT. of West \-ir-
ginId. sworn IN.
senator Hitchcock introduce
ca currency bill.
House.
M'l az noon. new members
were sworn in and orcaniza
tlnn was perfected.
Representative Henry intro
Hu'rd hin To- provide homes
Tor American diplomats In FOR
"isH capitals.
Resolution 10 change imam
Enrhil"u day 10 April by CON
Siitu'i"nai amcncn, intro
,u''h by representative
Henry.
i'Ni'~~lN'S recognized nv
a-SNlL hmcnt uf Rcpresenfa-i,-e
MHrd"e@ Is to WAYS and means
committee. and Repr-yertatIve
NdhCI'r 20 rules committee
i"prtsentatIv" Tndcrwood in
tT"nu''d new tariff bin which
includes aH income tax pro-
,iSI"n and provides Tor , re-
du'iion "f dutv On many ar
ti'ies besides placing others on
IN" free list.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1913-04-08
SENSATIONAL
CHARGES TO BE
INVESTIGATED
NEW YORK SENATE COMMIT.
TEE ADJOURNS MEETING
TO LOOK UP MATTER.
Sensational Letter Introduced In
vOlving President of New
York Bank Note Co.

ALBANY. y Y. Aprl After a
l. minute session toda, the serat-
Judiciary Committ"r. -;.,.h is inV"7-
uSatins charges of attempted rNt,r-
ton preferred against Senator Stcph"I
j. Stllw"iI. adjourned until tomorrow
{" permit an investigation of past See
uNiiIos 80 G-ors. ~. Kendall. pr,.i-
dent o. the Sew York Bani, N.-c
,'Wpanf. who alleged that Sti.lW.I
solicited a s. 80" brihc To- promote, i.-
is'aii'n n "a which kvndalis company
l> iLt"r' ~tcd
Tonight Nr. Wilson mad. puLIi. d
.'tter Si-n"d "''hi,asp N,Ws Eur-di.
"i Arthur Dare. manage" written iu
'l i'tSO under date 90 April e. ru-
letter states that N. writer ia f>>t
Was s'atl"ntd at r .,hm.i.a. Na.. as q
correspond, nj o, the Associated i'r.Ss
81 m" beginning OF tine Mal"uc r..i ,,l@
ana ic-adJustment oi .fh" state
dthi mad JuSt ma" 10" ptiutiE- co. e
new i>~fi- 80 bonds u"coSsaiA. Mhite
details were h-in- perfected. ih. let
i"i saws. GeoTs~ a. H'ndail WIS IN
EIrhm"ud "i.ohhyirE for tho defun.t
Kendall Eauk Note cumuany of \-,s
York aud WAS arrested For att,mp.-
tempting e." brine senator Harry III D.
di' berger anc "flcr l,-.~.atorS IN sr-
der &" S~cur" a favorable contract 10:
his company"
Dennied Staten1ent.
W hrn Mr.. Kendall learned oe ne
letter h' iS~u"u q state nl-ut fsn, i:tg
ihat h' had been arrested as charg,d.
IN" state OF \ ir-..nia. h. said. to-
ouircd some s.l "n".o2p 81 bonds. and
MS 'ompanN was awarded the co1-
tract fcg printing tl,. bonds over tty
American Bank Note .umpany.
d Later TN statement says kcndIi
was informed that " he returned -
the Virginia city. and appeared IN =
magistrate = court demanding tina. "
ary papers were pending against hitn
tt'y shoulc bc served The staten mt
a6de.
Tic hearing was held and ] WAS
h"unrab lois disc narCed"
Mr. Kendall Will he called as 'uo
first witness when th. hearing IS re-
SumsG tomorrow.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1913-04-08

wssuro-ou Ari

sguuro-ou. Ar-l 7-rorecas'.
Orfn aud Prursvfvauln-Iurrea
rfrldirssa urobativ rain sovfn aud rnfn
Hr arur .HIfh ufrfiou Tneslnv. Wsdrrs.
... .a.u. n.1f.rate fo rrat wfnfa
waf F4H-fnis- atu auesday and
sl.Labls " rdaesdss
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1913-04-08
WOOL is CUT 90;
STEEL; TIN PLATE;
LUMBER OPER CENT
Many FOodstuffs and Necessities
Placed on the Free
List.
BILL WILL DECREASE
REVENUES $50. 100000
Which Is Expected to BE Made Up
by Income Tax. Which Is
Part of Bill.

WASHINGTON. April The Dem.
ccratic party. in full possession OF the
executive and legislative branches az
the national government. today turned
the wheels of legislation toward a re-
vision of the tariff.
Leaders of the house presented TO
the country tariff bill. volumlnous in
detail and radical in its proposed re-
duction of existing duties. A. "A whole
II was product of debate and study
bv the Democrats from the time they
came into the majority in the house
two years ago. but IL represented par
ticularly the conclusions OF the house
ways and means committee after sew
eral months work. II carried also the
approval of the president.
Co-,ncident with the introduction OF
the measure in the house during the
opening hours Cf a session called espe-
Cially TO revise the tariff the President
was turning over In his mind Ques-
lions Of procedure and strategy upon
v hich the success or failure OF the
party program may depend While
the Democratic majority in In, house
Is sufficient to secure tariff revision
by single bill or by a series OF bills
embracing separate schedules. the sit
uation in the senate admittedly Is dii-
ferent, as sectional interests already
have produced alicnments which make
the question of method all important
Seven ~ the ton Democratic mem
bcrS OF the senate nnancs t'mmit't"
early IN the day. headed hy chairman
simmons. told the president that "a
attempt 10 put through a single bill
would bc hazar.iuE~. with ali schri-
Ules nodded In a >Ingi" lil'. tr"f a. o
frpn fhar h.a g. % eTn1THf
schedules. feeling q certain reSpons,
10 the viii of ts-r:5- constituents who
miIht -. acNer~cl, affected. word
unite and tfr whole measure could 10
defeated Th- President said ne did
not hrlleN. any pf the Democrat
senators would SceS to shoulder tn.
responsibility Tor defeating the pro-
gram o. the party. lie nevertheless
heard in detail IN. arguments adVauc-
nd for ~ schedule b., schedule revision
and decided 10 consult again wi;h
Representative oscar Underwood.
leader % ;he house. who fasors the
single biil process.
Talked Situation Over.
Late in m" day ;hc president faik.d
The situation over with Mr. Under
wood The latter declared az b., ir:t
the White House mat the president
still was undecided and that no con-
ciusions had heeu reached. The pres.
dents disposition - 80 awai; day-.-
opments
Mr. Underwood said -h. caucus %
house Democrats tomorrow would ia-
sin - consider items. and thar fh.
qrcst!on - reporting siuEi. nIii
from tho ways and means ,pmmittf.
or seCresating thp-, portions srourd
witch opposition s.rf.rs would not
haze 20 b.. decided um.iitf....
Tho president. % tn. meantime. ~ %,
canvass through tt- friends the 80. -
The ranch. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1902-1914, 1913-04-15

represented, an association organized
under this act may by a majority vote
of the stockholders present or repre-
sent d, subscribe for shares and in
vest it's reserve fund or any part
thereof in the capital stock of any
other cooperative association.
Sec. 10. Purchasing Business of
Other AssociatiOns-Pa Stock
Issued.
Whenever an association organized
under this act shall pun chase any
stock of another association or the in
terest or any part thereof of any per-
son or pei sons, firm or partnership
engaged in any lawful business as de-
fined in Section of this act, it may
pay for the same in whole or in part
by issuing to the selling association
or person, firm or partnership, shares
of it's capital stock to an amount which
at Ear value, would equal the fair
market value of the stock or interest
so purchased and in such case the
CONTINUED on page 16)
The ranch. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1902-1914, 1913-04-15
HE NEW CO-OPERA TTON LA w
BY THE LATE LEGISLATURE

words t'lawful business" shall extend
to every kind of lawful effort for busi
ness, agricultural, dairy, mercantile,
mining, manufacturing or mechanical
business, on the cooperative plan.
Sec. 8. Stock-Issue-Lim
No stockholder in any such associa-
ton shall own more than one-fifth of
the stock of the association, except
as hereinafter provided. No stock
holder at any meeting shall be entitled
to more than one vote.
Sec. 9. Subscription of Stock in
Other Associations.
At any regular meeting or any
regularly called special meeting at
which at least a majority of all the
stockholders shall be present, or
The ranch. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1902-1914, 1913-04-15
VALLEY DAIRY HERD WESTERN WASHINGTON
and of A. Zeeuw, Thomas Wash

stockholders at any regular stock
holders meeting or at any special
stockholders meeting called for that
purpose, on twenty days written
notice being given to the stockhold-
ers. Said power to amend shall in
clude the power to increase or dim
inish the amount of capital stock and
the number of shares: Provided, The
amount of the capital stock shall not
be diminished below the amount of
the paid up capital stock at the time
such amendment is adopted. Within
thirty days after the adoption OF an
amendment to it's articles of associa-
ton, the association shall cause a
copy of such amendment adopted to
be recorded in the Office of the secre-
tary of state and of the county audi
tor of the county where its principal
place of business is located.
Sec. 7. Business Authorized to be
Conducted Lawful Business Defined.
An association created under this
act, being for mutual welfare, the
The ranch. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1902-1914, 1913-04-15
the State of Washington:

ESection l. Cooperative Associa-
tions-Who May Organize Purposes.
Any number of persons, not less
than five, may associate themselves
together as cooperative association,
society, company or exchange for the
transaction of any lawful business on
the co operative plan. For the pur-
poses of this act the words 'associa-
tion,'' company, Exchange,
''society" or "union' shall be con-
strued the same.
Sec. 2. Articles-Contents.
Every association formed under
this act shall prepare articles of as
sociation in writing, which shall set
forth:
l. The name of the association.
2. The purpose for which it was
formed.
3. It's principal place of business.
4. The term for which it is to exist
which shall not exceed 30 years.
The ranch. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1902-1914, 1913-04-15

and until their successors are elected
and qualified; but majority OF the
stockholders shall have the power at
any regular or special meeting, legally
called for that purpose to remove any
trustee or officer for cause, and fill
the vacancy. The officers OF every
such association shall be president,
one or more vice-presidents, secre-
tary and a treasurer who shall be
elected annually by the trustees.
Each of said officers must be member
of the association. All elections shall
be by ballot.
Sec. 6. Amendments How Adopt
ed--Recording.
The articles of association may be
amended by majority vote of the
The ranch. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1902-1914, 1913-04-15

tion shall be deemed to be legally
organized.
Sec. 4. Filing Fees.
For fling articles of association or
ganized under this act there shall be
paid to the secretary of state the sum
of twenty five dollars and for the i'll
ing of an amendment of such articles
there shall be paid the sum of ten
dollars. For recording such articles
of association or an amendment there
to, the county auto or shall charge the
sum of fifteen cents for each 100 words
thereof, and fifteen cents for filing
and indexing the same.
Sec. s. Trustees -Electio tion-Duties
Election of Officers.
Every such assocition shall be man
aged by board of not less than three
trustees. The trustees shall be elect
ed by and from the stockholders of
the association at such time and for
such term of Office as the bylaws may
prescribe, and shall hold Office during
the term for which they were elected
The ranch. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1902-1914, 1913-04-15

5. The amount of capital stock,
the number of shares and the par
value of each share.
Sec. 3. Articles les-Veritication-Fil-
ing-When Legally Organized.
The original articles of associations
organized under this act or a true
copy thereof verified to be such by
the affidavits of two of the signers
thereof, shall be filed with the secre
tary of state. Whenever a certified
copy of the same accompanied by a
certificate of the secretary of state
showing that the same has been filed
in his office, is filed with the county
auditor of the county in which is
located the principal place of business
of said associat tions, the said associa-
The ranch. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1902-1914, 1913-04-15

One of the most important laws
passed by the state legislature affect
ing the citizens of Washington was
that of House Bill No. ia, providing
for the formation and management of
cooperative societies. We are pub
fishing the law in full so that people
can take advantage of its provisions
in forming cooperative societies such
as creameries, selling agencies, fruit
growers associations, etc.
CHAPTER 10.
(H. B. No. 114.)
An Act providing for the formation
and carrying on Of cooperative as
sociations and providing for the
rights, powers, liabilities and duties
of the same.
Be it enacted by the Legislature of
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-06-24
LEADERS STIFLE
NJ REYNOLDS QUIZ
Demand for Facts in Diggs-Cam-
inetti White Slave Case Dies
in House.

WASHINGTON, June 24.-There
will be no investigation Of Attorney
General McReynOlds' action in delay
ing the trial of the Digs Caminetti
white slave cases, according to in
formation obtained to-day from one
of the most influential Democratic
leaders of the House. Resolutions
calling upon McReynolds for the cor
respondence that passed between him
and others in the case and seeking an
investigation never will be allowed to
see the light.
Il don't see how we can allow such
an investigation to be made" said
this leader, unless we seem to dis
credit the whole party
This observation was made after it
had become known that the White
House would not use its official in
fiuence" to prevent a congressional
investigation
Owing to the parliamentary situa-
ton in the House, the Democratic
leaders will be able not only to shut
off all resolutions. but they will he
able to prevent speeches being made
on the subject.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-06-24
Pastors Smte the Pellet With Churchly Zeal
But Majors Draft None From Ministerial League
washington Street HowIers"
Defeat RidIeys 'Hinky-Dinks,j
Who Protest Game.

Sixteen Baptist ministers of At
lanta opened their mail with fingers
that trembled Tuesday morning. and
then sixteen Baptist ministers sor-
rowfully laid down various letters and
heaved a sigh of disappointment, and
sixteen "Aw, shucksi" were uttered
in sixteen ministerial homes.
For the sixteen, aided by two lay
men. had a baseball game at the
waterworks ball grounds yesterday,
after the Atlanta Baptist Ministers
Association meeting, and the presence
of several foreign looking gentlemen
in the crowd had given rise to va
rious hopes. The ministers hoped
earnestly to receive letters imploring
them to cease shifting the devil and
his works and come to the majors to
.snite the works of Reach and Spald-
ing
DIR. John E. White had eyes on
Smoky Joe" Woods job, and DR.
Caleb A. Ridley, of the Central Bap-
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-06-24
PLANS TO PROTECT
.U.S.EXPENDITURES
Fitzgerald Would Have Treasury
Pass on Appropriations to
Government Bureaus.

WASHINGTON, June 54.-Repre-
sentative Fitzgerald of New York,
chairman Of the House Committee
on Appropriations. to-day declared
two things will have to be done il
Government appropriations are to be
kept within sane limits. He said:
The Secretary of the Treasury
should be compelled to revise estl-
mates of Government departments
submitted to Congress, and Congress
should be deprived of power to aug
ment any request for money or -
originate legislation imposing obliga-
tons upon the treasury"
According to Fitzgerald's view, the
tendency to tack legislation on appro-
priation bills is dangerous and has
bad results. Fitzgerald urged that
the Appropriations Committee be in
creased in membership to 80
Fitzgerald's suggestion is that the
Appropriations Committee actually fix
the amounts of money to be granted
to various Government bureaus. but
that other committees may retain the
power to decide upon the scope Of the
needs of these departments.
Fitzgerald attacked a suggestion for
the creation Of a general committee
to allot to various appropriating COM
mittees of the House the various
sums available for each.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-06-24
White House Officials
Silent on the Issue.

WASHINGTON, June 24.-Snence
hung over the White House to-day
when the question of the Caminettt
case was preached. Joseph Tumulty
secretary to the President, declined to
discuss the case except to caution his
uuestioner to wait for develop
ments"
Attorney General McReynolds, aft
er the Cabinet meeting, greeted the
newspaper men with: Il must posi-
lively decline to talk
Chairman Clayton, of the House Ju-
dietary Committee informed Repre-.
sentative Kahn, Of California, author
of the Caminetti Diggs inquiry reso-
buttons. that he will hold a hearing
Thursday, at which time Kahn, OF
any other Republican VINO desires
can present reasons in favor Of an
inquiry. Chairman Clayton conferred
with Representative A. Mitchell Pal
mer, of Pennsylvania, who is said to
oppose an investigation.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-06-24
ACT
MUST INSURE
INDEMNITY
Mayor Tells on What Conditions
He Will Come to Terms-Work
Continued by Company.

Early solution of the crematory
problem depends on the wording Of
the new contract Mayor Woodward
said Tuesday he would raise no fur
Their objection to the price, and that
if the second contract was drawn up
in accordance with his ideas, the con-
fiict between himself and the General
Council would end.
Mayor Woodward insists on two
features Of the new contract. It must
make no reference to the old contract
nullified by injunction, and it must
carry a bond indemnifying the city If
the crematory is not finished on time
and according to specifications.
Superior Court Judge ]. 7. Pendle-
ton signed an injunction Monday re-
straining the city and the Destructor
Company from carrying out the first
contract. Representatives of the De-
structor Company announced they
would continue work pending a new
contract.
C. P. Goree, the Mayors attorney,
said any kind of work on the crema-
tory would be in violation of the in
junction and he would cite persons
involved for contempt Evins <
Spence, attorneys for the Destructor
Company, failed to convert Goree to
their view.
The work continued, anyway, and
Goree had not taken action Tuesday
morning. 1t is presumed Goree is
acting on the Mayors orders.
The new crematory contract, passed
at the last meeting, will come up
again at the July meeting If passed
it must go to the Mayor. II he vetoes
it another three weeks will elapse
before Council can pass it over his
veto.
In view of this delay. settlement of
the controversy over the right of the
Destructor Company to continue work
in the interim becomes vital to the
health of the city as July. August
and September are the three months
the crematory is needed most.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-06-24

fist Church, had designs on Christy
Mathewson's place. And DR.. Hugh
Wallace certainly thought his coach
ing would spell the release of Artie
Latham or Herman Schaeffer.
DR.. John E. Whites team, the
Washington Street Howlers," were
on the long end of the score. but DR..
Ridley's "Hinky- Drinks" claim they
will protest the game, on the grounds
that the "Howlers' played two ring
ers. DR.. White took the stand, how
ever, that these young men were
eligible, because they are good church
members and have ministerial ten
denotes. Whereat DR.. Ridley re-
marked that his team was playing
preachers and not ministerial tenden-
cies. and what was more, the minis
terial tendencies could play ball
which was bad
DR. w. B. Riley, of Minneapolis,
who has been batting 1000 in the
Evangelist League, made the first run
of the game. a sacrifice to DR.. Whites
reading of a little paper covered book
on How to Pitch; or, Bean the First
Man at the Plate" DIR. White beaned
DR.. Riley, and then, his enemies de-
clare, tried to bean DR.. w. T. Smith,
DIR. Smith, however. beaned the ball
and DR.. Riley slid IN, TO the accom-
paniment of cheers from representa-
tives of the Clothes Cleaners I'm
ion," assembled to take care of the
remains.
The players changed positions sew
eral times before the game was over,
but they started out like this: Howl
ers-John E White first base; JOHN
Spalding. second base; Parker, pitch
er; c. w. Daniel, center field; A. F.
O'Kelly, catcher; Hugh Wallace. third
base; w. B. Riley, shortstop; w. T.
Smith, left field; f. B. Gill, right
field. "Hinky- Dinks"-Hicks, second
base; Caleb A. Ridley, pitcher; Haw-
hns, catcher; J. w. Hambrick, right
field; A H. Gordon. left field; w. NJ.
Sentell, center field; L. w Warren
third base; J. F. Williams, first base;
Fleury, shOrtstOp.
But the ball game wasn't the only
thing the preachers did during the
day. Before the athletic and vocal
test they had a real old-fasnioned
basket dinner, in which fried chicken,
sandwiches deviled eggs and angel
food were among the delicacies used
to put an edge on the athletes
What? Sure, they drank grape
juice.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-06-24
POPE TO SUMMON
CARDINAL FARLEY
Pontiff Repeatedly Has Expressed
Desire to See American
PreIate Soon.

Special Gable to The Atlanta Georgian.
ROME, June 24.-It is understood
here that Cardinal Farley. Arch
bishop of New York, will visit Rome
in September owing to the desire re-
peatedly expressed by the Holy Faith
er to see him in the near future
Cardinal Farley used to visit the
Pope in Venice when lie was Patri
arch there. and ever since those days
there has been a bond of intimacy
between the two, which has grown
stronger with the passing years
The Dominican fathers to whom
the Church of Santa Maria sopra Mi.
nerva in intrusted-it being also the
titular church of the New York Car
dlnal-eXcept to arrange some special
functions during his soiourn in Rome
Cardinal Merry del Val is also said
TO desire to see Cardinal Farley, as is
also Cardinal de Lai, in his capacity
of Secretary of the Consistorial Con
gregation, which has the Pope as
president and deals with all the af-
fairs of the American eplscopacy.