davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington herald., 1913-07-27

mind. and was never able to get II put
into Practical effect
A Means to An End.
The important point and the point
most often forgotten by sealous civil
service reformers, was to remember that
the routine competitive examinations
was merely . means to An end. II did
not always produce ideal results. But II
was normally better than system OF
appointments for spoils purposes: II
sometimes worked out very well Indeed;
and in most big governmental ofhces It
not only gave satisfactory results, but
was the only system under which good
results could be obtained. For instance.
when I was police commissioner we ap-
pointed some 1000 policemen at one
time.
1t was utterly impossible for the COM
missioners each to examine personally
the six or eight thousand applicants.
Therefore. they had to be appointed
either on the recommendation Of out
siders or else by written competitive ex-
animation. The latter method-the one
The Washington herald., 1913-07-27
VIE. Xppropriate Tie Best TEST Is One BY Written Cempe.
tt;en-Premotiens Should Be Made BY Observing
Work that Men Actually Perform.

entrance examination Il that II IN I'm.
possible for the head ONCE, or the can.
didate's prospective immediate superior.
himself to know the average candidate
or to test his ability. But when once in
ONCE the beet way to test any mans
him actually at work. His promotion
should depend upon the Judgment formed
Of him by his superiors.
They were not robust or powerful men:
they felt i'll at ease in the company Of
rough, strong men: often they had in
them q vein Of physical timidity. They
avenged themselves to themselves for an
uneasy subconsciousness of their own
shortcomings by sitting in cloistered-
or, rather. pleasantly upholstered-se-
clusion, and sneering at and lying about
men who made them feel uncomfortable.
Sometimes these were bad men, who
made them feel uncomfortable by the
exhibition Of coarse and repellent vice:
and sometimes they were men Of high
character, who held ideals OF courage
and Ct service to others. and who looked
down and warred against the shortcom-
ings RI swollen wealth, and the effortless,
easy lives Of those whose horizon Is
bounded by sheltered and timid respect
ability.
The Good and the Goody-Goody.
These newspapers. owned and edited by
these men. although free from the re.
pulsive vulgarity of the yellow press,
were susceptible to influence by the priv
ileged interests. and were almost or quite
as hostile to manliness as they were to
unrenned vice-and were much more hos
tile to 1t than to the typical shortcomings
Of wealth and refinement They favored
civil service reform; they favored copy
right laws, and the removal Of the tariff
| on works of art: they favored all the
proper land even more strongly all the
| improper) movements for International
peace and arbitration; in short, they
favored all good. and many goody-goody
| measures SO long as they did not cut
deep at social wrong or make demands
on national and Individual virility. They
opposed, or were lukewarm about, efforts
to build up the army and navy, for they
were not sensitive concerning national
honor; and above all. they opposed every
non-milk-and-water effort, however, sane,
| to change our social and economic system
in such a fashion as to substitute the
ideal of justice toward all for the ideal
of kindly charity from the favored few
| to the possibly grateful many.
Some Of the men foremost in the strug-
gle for civil service reform have taken
a position of honorable leadership in the
battle for those other and more vital re,
forms. But many Of them promptly
abandoned the field of effort for decency
when the battle took the form. not Of a
fight against the petty grating Of small
bosses and small politicians vitality
necessary battle. be it remembered-but
Of fight against the great intrenched
powers of privilege, fight to secure JUS
tice through the law for ordinary men
and women, instead of leaving them to
suffef cruel injustice either because the
law failed to protect them or because
1t was twisted from its legitimate pur-
poses into a means for depressing them.
The Washington herald., 1913-07-27
Power of the Dead Hand.

From the Portland oresonian-
The difference Of opinion in the Senate
Committee on the policy Of chartering the
Rockefeller Foundation with an endow.
men, of $lOo 900, 900 arises from fear that
control of vast aggregations Of wealth
by perpetual corporations might prove q
danger to the State. rnis fear prompted
the passage of the statutes OF mortmain
in England in the Middle Ages. The
church was gathering into its possession
great landed estates until its wealth en-
abled 1t to challenge the power Of the
crown.
In more recent times the power of the
dead hand" which is the English mean
ing of mortmain. has been seen In numer-
Gus charitable bequests, which have long
outlived their purpose. For example. q
bequest was made to an old parish In
the heart Of London to be expended in
decorating the church. II the entire sum
was not thus expended, the bequest was
to be forfeited. The income of that land
has increased so enormously that the rec.
tor and church wardens have to tax their
brains to find ways Of spending the
money in compliance with the terms Of
the bequest. lest they lose it all.
These extreme examples are cited only
to show the danger Of creating an en-.
dowment which may outlfve Its purpose,
good as that purpose may have peen
originally. NOT only may the time come
when such endowments should be diverted
from their first uses. but the institutions
holding them may attain such power
through their wealth as to become Q
menace to the State or. at least, positive
evil. Some provision is necessary to
guard against this possibility by breaking
the hold Of the dead hand on posterity
after the lapse Of certain time or when
certain contingencies arise.
The Washington herald., 1913-07-27

Of intelligence. 10 be . policeman than
the one who has not.
CsnDesitive Exaninations.
Therefore I felt convinced. after full
sxpsrisncs. that - regards very large
classes Of public servants by far the
best way to choose the men for appoint
ment was by means Of written competi-
tive examination. But absolutely split
OF from the bulk Of my professional
Civil Service Reform friends when they
advocated written competitive examina-
lions for promotion. In the Police De-
partment found these examinations q
serious handicap In the way Of getting
the best men promoted, and never in any
The Washington herald., 1913-07-27
In Discussing Civil Service Former President Says Men
Are Not to Be Appointed by Favoritism, an Auto
matte Way Must Be Chosen.

II men are not to be appointed by fav.
oritism, wise or unwise. honest or dis
honest, they must be appointed in some
automatic way, which generally means
by competitive examination. The easiest
kind of competitive examination Is an
examination in writing. This Is entirely
appropriate for certain classes of work,
for lawyers, stenographers. typewriters,
clerks, mathematicians, and assistants
in an astronomical observatory, for in
stance.
1t is utterly inappropriate for car
penters, detectives, and mounted cattle
inspectors along the Rio Grande-to in
stance three types Of employment as to
which had to do battle to prevent we'll
meaning bureaucrats from insisting on
The Washington herald., 1913-07-27

was the head Of the United States gov.
ernment, wavered between myself and
Recorder Goff: one brilliant genius. for
inscrutable reasons. placed the leader
ship In the New York fire department
Now, Of course. some Of the men who
answered these questions wrong wee
nevertheless quite capable of making
good policemen; but 1t is fair to assume
that on the average the candidate who
has rudimentary knowledge of the gov
ernment, geography. and history OF his
country is a little better fitted. in point
The Washington herald., 1913-07-27

tons. It would be quite possible to hold
a very good competitive examination for
mounted cattle inspectors by means Of
practical tests in brand reading and
shooting with rifle and revolver, in
riding "mean'' horses, and in roping and
throwing steers. I did my best to have
examinations of this kind instituted, but
my proposal was of precisely the type
which most shocks the routine official
The Washington herald., 1913-07-27

we adopted-was infinitely preferable.
We held a rigid physical and moral pass
examination. and then. among those who
passed, We held a written competitive
examination, requiring only the knowl-
edge that any good primary common
school education would meet-that is.
test Of ordinary intelligence and simple
mental training. Occasionally q man
who would have been q good officer
The Washington herald., 1913-07-27
Interesting Interview Regarding Ancient and Modern Water
Publication MANY Unique Systems In Operation
Among People Of Years Ago.

filter from time to time to maintain the
proper depth for filtering.
From disease Investigations and ex-
periments with different filtering sys-
tens science has drawn many excellent
conclusions, many of which have proven
to be facts. OF course, these conclu-
sions could only be reached after the
most exhausting experiments in this
country and abroad, such as the one
just completed. Cities all over the world
have come to realize that their physical
safety depends largely upon their water
supply and are making all sorts Of ex-
periments along that line. Uncle Sam
Is keeping a close watch upon their prog
ress and is doing everything to recour.
Gge them. He is disclosing all of his
secrets in the hope that the campaign
which received little attention fifteen
years ago may now advance in leaps and
bounds, with the prospect that within
the next fifteen years man may be uni
Iversally supplied with fresh water and
the horrifying death rate of the present
may be cut to a minimum
Copyright, 1913. BY William L AltdorSef.)
The Washington herald., 1913-07-27

yond even the faintest suspicious of the
designer About the time of its COM
pletion typhoid fever was discovered as
a specific disease and twenty years later
the germ theory was first advanced At
this time also the cholera epidemic
broke out in London, and a close investi-
cation showed that among those people
supplied by the water company using
only filtering water, the per centage Of
the disease was much less than among
those who were supplied by company
whose water was Snot filtered. Almost
Immediately the English Parliament,
first beginning to see the light Of truth
In sanitation. passed an act demanding
the compulsory hltering OF all water
supplied the city Of London, and since
its example.
..Since then scientists have come to
know more definitely Of the power of
water to breed and spread disease. They
have found out beyond a doubt that this
power Ii due to the presence in water
of a multitude Of little microscopic ami
mails called bacteria, and since water
must Of necessity pass through the spots
which these little microbes inhabit. the
most valuable knowledge they have
cleaned for US 10 the fact that these ami
mails are by no means an inseparable
mart of the water itself. and that the
water can be freed from them and again
reduced to its original state.
Several methods of water publication
have been discovered, the most success
full, and at the same time the least
convenient, process being distillation.
where great quantities Of water are to
be supplied at q high rate. this plan Is
impractical. Sedimentation and sand
fltering. either separately or in conjunc-
ton. have been found to produce salts
factory results. In this latter process
the water is led or forced over the filtra-
ton bed from the sedimentation basins,
where II has been allowed to stand and
drop nearly all of its organic impurities.
Those which remain with the water are
easily separated by the upper layers of
sand and remain at the surface OF the
bed where, together with the bacteria
life which stops at the top Of the filter,
they form q gelatinous coating.
How Filter Works.
Physical and chemical theories seem
ficiently thick coat Of this Shiny sub
stance has been formed. little Of the
bacteria ever gets beyond it. 1t Is prob
ably due to some affinity exerted by
those little micro-organisms under the
principles Of animal life. 1t is. how
ever. fact that during the first few
hours q filter 10 In us the efiluent or
drainage turns out purer and purer.
until It reaches an almost perfect state.
It then continues in this state of purity
until such time as the filter becomes
| hQdIv rlnRRAA when the Dl9nt
The Washington herald., 1913-07-27
bad and Worse.

From Judge.
Mack-I have three daughters on my
hands.
wyld-rhat's nothing. Asvs tAess
sons-iu-law on minA. j;
The Washington herald., 1913-07-27
.tzA~<~ Hv7~e,<<

reserved. including rights Of translation-)
The next instaiment Of Mr.. Roosevelt's CHAPTERS
Of Possible AutobioSraphy'' sill appear in Ths
Washington Herald, August J.
The Washington herald., 1913-07-27

CPub,ished b. special arrangement with The Out
look Of which Theodore Roosevelt is the contributing
editor, through the Mcclure Newspaper Syndicate.
Copyright 1873 By The Outlook Company. A II rights
The Washington herald., 1913-07-27

q 'nt.lllssnes. 70 b . policeman than
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1913-10-30
LONG Life.

Sir John Lubbock. the scientist. has
shown how long insects may live IL
preserved from accident and harm Of
all kinds. The greatest age attained
by an insect, as far as known. was
that reached by queen ant, which
lived until August 8, 1883. when she
was nearly fifteen years old. Another
queen Of the same species died after
life of thin teen years
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1913-10-30
E. D. ( Cotton.
Milk ane Music,

1t is little known fact that the
mo- = 5" @h.ful music at the present
6 dGced by playing on milk.
of ivory nowadays does
: treat extent meet the de.
. TRANCE as it may sound, skim
--.s a substitute. 1t is used
making the keyboards of pianos.
in appearance this hardened sub
e is hardly distinguishable from
~.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1913-10-30

40. ,, ~.
he ~. - u
~ ~ -. ~ 'oe
60. = oeeiN
ried ., Of RI. 40 ~ =
tnur ecnior sn.n.l h, 49, - .
,..,s .est W, .noda 49,,
O.. - .,.-,xtv 1avsns hans -
,..r. v.D. rsera
es,-- 80 mo 80 :
We. r, !. phaJn e.,
VIII. No 2 and M : =,
OF m,xed bre. -
Dnr;re tha 80
%uet ali so,,, ~ 80 y
rat,on WIZ ''ie
mash cahhsa -. an
t.in;ns - a., .t....ss "a con
corn % ona 80 =. - y VILE. -,
I-.,n ~ 80 :, ue
[snd eaoh IT, =. ~ ass'
I.hs,,t n,,,.+ . ~, -, ~. "a s'fen
46,v The 80, ... 80 "f'- rap
ron ~. oa,,i- y ".,.. penueu
thev could raaoh re-. e Ia.
All 80 49, ~. : - llesn
tha 49, r.a,h ~. 7" aecses 70
5au =. = .I.ss a. az - .,1''e hours a
49, So s Asu "- yer anu
pp ~ - - es1e Sltef'
~
-. ZIG ~ ~ ~ 'lo week the
$3.50 49, .o'n ~ ~. - mixture was
aeeu ~ se.'o Ia IA al the
s ~. eAoept No Nalcn was the
su.SA p.u. - pen 70 eae CABBAGE
.as Say !" 'ape ana. otner than
s' ny ena,ee 1eed were MADE.
..n.s " grit oys.ef smell ana fresh
% were aep ~ all the olrds
s-..ouu. .ae Ape'lnent sno tney
49, e*n " poi ee e'mss oaAy. one
~ ai,u a"eeen esss were laio
~ Wv l,1iss IN. IN; 3 me experiment.
wy ~ eu. ~as over the
$50 l1 co. ~ were osokea' ana
". o'su -. " a.. so'1 e1 ,a.tn me
800 ~ ~. ees, la'a we." OF .
80 49, - *% .oi' ooe 70 'ne
~ Eel ass.e': - na0 peea seMe'"s On
a = VIZ 40. ou' Tue coio'
80. 80 =, 1aS. =, uos. evetu1s :
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1913-10-30

Mrs. 'Chas. Deem, arrived in Audu-
bon from Loveland, Colorado for
visit with her grandparents, Mr..
and Mrs. c. Gates. She has been
Visiting her parents, Mr.. and Mrs
H. J. Colley near Lorah. Rev. De.a
her husband, has been for the ps
seen years pastor of the Chris
til = church at Loveland. He was
a -ormer resident of Audubon
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1913-10-30
Something He Had Forgotten.

When little Marjorie tried to spread
her toast with piece of butter al.
most as large as the bread itself, her
father demonstrated, saying: You
mustn't be so wasteful, Marjorie; some
of the poor people in China have to
get along on a few grains of rice each
day But, father" replied Mar
jorie. you must remember that rice
swells "
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1913-10-30
Imagination in DreamIand.

man who awake is most prosaic,
whose mind is commonplace, who is
utterly unable to invent a story or
write drama, will asleep have. the
most astonishing flights of imagina-
ton. He imagines a story. He
peoples it with players, men. women
and animalg. and each one of them
even the animals at times-speaks his
,part as perfectly as if he actually were
alive. .....,.f4
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1913-10-30
Mrs. Valentine Leonard and be

Mrs. Valentine Leonard and her
daughter, Miss Clara, visited from
Saturday until Tuesday with their
son, Ray and wife in Nicola. While
there they met Mrs L. Yaggy, of Da-
Venport who has been attending the
y p. S. meeting in Co. Bluffs and
she returned home with them for
short visit.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1913-10-30
As Hill Sees It.

THE farm is the basis of all indus.
try, but for many years this country
has made the mistake of unduly assist
ing manufacture. commerce and 9TH
er activities that center in cities at
the expense of the farm" James j.
HILL
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1913-10-30

Mrs. Cecilia Johansen, : -.smlin,
Departed Saturday for her future
home in San Diego, California last
Saturday. Her husband will visit
relatives and friends nenmarA,
after which he will JOIN. hel. i.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1913-10-30
Altogether Too Literal.

Boarder (tackling tough steak. to
boarding house keeper. when you
undertook to provide me with board,
madam, was unaware that you meant
to do so Nterallvi"
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1913-10-30

F. Searles and Earl Ms,harg. left
Monday for Cedar Rapids to at
tend the Consistory of the Masonic
Lodge. The latter is candidate.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1913-10-30

Mrs. William land was ablef to
return. iiho1ne' T !..s.assay fssofa w
r. iHospnal sfrpa ,e,fM zines .:,aera IL L,
;hadf shbmitted i!. oia fssBlserat ttcn ! q
srs'& weeks ;ar she vas ac:5Sn6:pan-
led 5home by --.tft.!4s1 hse,,. - 6.
Elliott of C.' -"
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1913-10-30

Mrs. A. j. schwabland ane li,a.
rem, after visiting lhere + same
time with her parents at tn. -. s:::a.en
slime home, went to Now. sv,,,ZZ ava
Monday to visit before goi ~ fer
home in Seattle.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1913-10-30

!. Mrs. Ebert, who visited az few
days last week with her husband al,
the John A. Nash home, returned 4
her home in Des Moines saturda
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1913-10-30

Ed Johnson. NJ S at.ssan,s Geo:
Viewer, Joe Ross, Be- NJ: -eran, and
l.! e. Simpson we in dttsnda nos
at the Shriner's l-.re4ing :r Des
Moines Friday mtg I. Messrs. Nfe1er
and McLeran w'er s4n4sidatets,.s
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1913-10-30
Idiots and Accidents.

Man who examined naphtha jug
with match is the same fellow who
periodically investigates a supposedly
nnlcaded revolver and kills counle
Of nenn'c ~
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1913-10-30

Mrs. Maude Walters. of Montieth,
is a guest this week of her sisters
Mesdames George Northup and Jas.
Chambers, arriving here Friday.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1913-10-30

Mrs. Bert McLeran, and $
Louis departed Saturday for a. 81 !
visit in Council Bluffs. They -. I.
met there by Mr.. McLeran. who, has
been attending a shriner's me- ine
in Des Moines
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1913-10-30

Peter Fredericksen arrived Nom
day from visit with her people in
Chicago. John Christensen had
charge of the blacksmith shop dur
ing his absence.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1913-10-30

Carl Nielsen arrived home Sunday
from North Platte. Nebraska where
he had registered In the land
drawing.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1913-10-30

Miss Lou Bagley. after "a visit in.
Audubon. with her brother Charles
and wife. returned to Atlantic Last
Saturday. 49, a
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1913-10-30

DIR Rosenbladt, of Des Moines, was
here last week and while in the vi
entity performed an. operations for
appendicitis near North Branch
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1913-10-30

IA. Humiston and wifecame homo
Thursday from Cedar Rapids, New
ton and Minneapolis where they had
been for the past two weeks.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1913-10-30

Harry Soar .riSyld here tom
Hot Strings, Arkansas, last week
and visited with his father, D., E.
Soar a few days,
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1913-10-30

Mr.. and Mrs. A. N. Detwiler ar
rived home Friday from West Lii
berry. He attended reunion of
his regiment. the 2nd Iowa Cavalry
while. there. =.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1913-10-30

Mrs. T. H. Townsend, of Atlantic,
and Misss Lorene Watson of Minoo,
ka. H., are. visiting at the A. S.
Culver home, arriving last Thursday
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1913-10-30

Mrs. F. Herndon came home last
Friday from Holdrige, Neb. where
she had been to visit her sister.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1913-10-30

Mr.. and Mrs. R. j. Watts arrived
from Omaha Friday to visit their
son, Frank and family.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1913-10-30

j. J. Asmus and wife of Linconl
twp. are entertaining R. E. Dreager
and Son of Atlantic this week.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1913-10-30

Mr.. and Mrs. E. j. Freeman are
entertaining their daughter-in-law
Mrs. John Freeman of Atlantic.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1913-10-30

Mrs. Charles Lloyd departed !. Fri
day for her Brighton home after a
lengthy visit at the. W. r. Green
home. $500 T - =
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1913-10-30

Mr.. Dennis. of 'Fon Du Lac, Wis.,,
arrived Saturday to visit with: his
brother, Charles and other relatives.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1913-10-30

Mrs. Ed Dryden came home Friday
!. from g a visit in Platte, S. D., with
her cousins,'W NJ. and Nelson Dim
dck.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1913-10-30

Miss Lavina Steele, of Des Moines,
came Friday to visit her sister, Mrs.
Gertrude Nelson.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1913-10-30

Mr.. and Mrs. H. j. Savage were
Sunday visitors at the M. F. Kerwin
home in Carroll.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1913-10-30

DR.. and Mrs. D. D. Drake, Of Cla..-
india, are visiting with her parents,
W. w. Smith and wife.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1913-10-30

Fred Searles came home Saturday
from Minneapolis where he had at
tended to some business matters.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1913-10-30

: Mrs. James Hohenbeck returned
Saturday from Manning where she
had attended dinner in honor of
her mothers. Mrs. Petersen, 64th
birthday the day before, Friday.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1913-10-30

Mrs. HI Hawk. who has been Wis,
ifing her parents at Oakland, ar
rived in Audubon Friday andebegan
: packing their household goods whic,
they will ship to Waterloo j.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1913-10-30

Henry Jorgensen is now husking
corn for Perry Johnson near Guth-
RE Center, leaving Saturday.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1913-10-30

Mrs. G. B. Gilbert came home
Sunday from visit with her par
ents in Atlantic.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1913-10-30

Mrs. A. L. Brooks returned Sat
urday from visit in Des Moipes
at, the DR.. Kimiball home.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1913-10-30

j. E. Griffith and wife were ON
aha business callers the first of
the week.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1913-10-30

Mesdames. Robert Owens, W. S.
Owens and Bird Leffler were Attain
tic callers Saturday.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1913-10-30
DOE ID afffFGL:
>,0Lc..f o. EGa Y1L!>

BY +. :. sKI : "a seats cor.