Semi-weekly herald., 1913-04-28
such would be impossic.s when spray.

- = 'Ap'i w rtcdilu
The use of the tower is hindered
and sometimes rendered impossible
by close planting OF trees in the or
ehard, resulting later IN uhe branches
Il trees in adjacent rows overlapping.
me Relation of Prumns to Spraying
There are orchards aAere pruning
mas been SO neglected mat spraying
can scarcely be done thoroughly
enough to control such insect pests as
e3dIing moth, woolly apnis, leaf-roller
and San Jose scale. The writer has IN
mlnd an orchard where certain of
these pests are in abundance and
where it would take small forum.
TO spray properly unless heavy prun-
irg were first done.
Ali horticulturists recommend the
annual pruning of trees from the time
that they are set out. Notwithstand-
ing this fact, many are neglected year
after year, until there is natural de-
t-rioration t. of the fruit as direct con-
sequence, and further deterioration
S'N""fS VI iA'7SSs uaHipSe, largely un-
avoidabie under such conditions.
Amount of Spray Required
The amount of spray necessary to
thoroughly treat a tree of bearing age
varies with the size of the trees.
the seriousness of infestation, the
way they have been pruned and the
spraying equipment. While no set
rae can be laid down for all pests,
it Is safe to say that the average man
does rot use enough. There are two
principles for this: first, he wishes to
economize in spray material, which is
often quite expensive; and, secondly,
he does not have a proper conception
IF thoroushness. Spraying 10 rather
expensive, and no one can be biamcd
fol warning to economize all that is
possible, but in doing this there is
great danger of sighting the work,
which, when slighted, may result in
little good
There is an old rule that will rot
always hold good in spraying uroel,
and that is "Spray until the drip
begins IT, fall from the leaves Of the
branches TIE theory was that
tree could be made only so wet, "
way, and eNercssive amounts of spray,
if applied would all run off. Wb;,e
the theory sounds plausible, in actual
practice it Gees not hold good. Us
ually d'rhching spray is required
A small amount of liquid may be ap-
Piled to trees infested with green ap-
pie aphis, for example, and the aphids
may be touched with small amount
of the material, but not sufficient to
| injure them, while if they are drench-
ed they will be killed. A person may
be out in a light shower of rain and
| every portion of his clothing become
dampened without very much discom-
fort, but if out in a drenching rain,
not only the clothing, but the body as
well, becomes saturated and great dis
comfort results. The insect possesses
something that might be compared to
our clothing. In some instances this
is a woolly-like secretion, as in the
case of woolly aphis; in others it may
be simply an oily secretion, but in any
case there is tendency to shed more
or less of the liquid applied and it is
necessary to drench them to overcome
] this tendency. The same principle
holds true to a greater or less ex-
tent when the object in view is to coat
| the foliage or fruit of trees with an
arsenical spray.
While no rule can be laid down as to
the proper amount to apply to trees
OF various ages and sizes, there is
better way to determine whether or
rct the work is thorough enough, and
that is by carefully examining trees
Immediately after spraying to see il
results are satisfactory. If spray
ing for codling moth when the calyces
are open, note if any calyces can be
found which have not received a gen.
erous supply of the material; if for
| woolly aphis, see if there is any of
the wool not penetrated by the spray;
| - i"i SiSSh appie VI green peAcn
aphis, see if there are any aphids in
rolled up leaves that have not been
hit; if there are, the spraying was
not thoroughly done. Considerable
time spent in looking carefully over
trees in this manner when spraying
Tor any pest should result in more
satisfactory control.
The orchardist usually depends on
hired men to do the work for him.
They are working for wages and often
do not have sufficient interest to do
the work well. Men who handle spray
rods must be watched, as their work
is of very particular nature; every
thing depends on how well they do it.
The man who takes an interest in his
work and who will not slight it, no
matter what happens, is worth so
much than the man who does not. that
the value of the two can scarcely be
| compared.