davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-07-06
GSeryia's Case Settled


Unforeseen events, however upset these
military dispositions. Bulgaria sent a di-
vision to the Vardar, but recalled it short
ly afterwards for employment in Thraee,
Servia put, not 10000, but 100000 men in
the field. Bulgaria extended her con-
quests far beyond Adrianople, while Ser
via, without being attacked in the field
by Austria Hungary, has been obliged by
her to abandon Albania and the Adriatic
coast, which the signatories of the treaty
reckoned upon as Servian. Bulgaria, pur-
suing schemes of conquest in the east,
was unable to help Servia in the west.
1t was Servia who aided her ally with
$1,000 men round Adrianople. All those
changes call for a corresponding modi-
fication of the stipulations in Servia S
| favor, otherwise Bulgaria would be a
winner at Servia's cost.
Europe did not take Albania fror,1 Ser
via, but from the Balkan alliance. Servia
| thinks she is entitled to the possession
of the whole of the territory which she
has occupied in Macedonia. When Ser
Wan troops crossed the Albanian noun
| tains. directing their way towards Dur
azzo, Austria-Hungary warned Servia
against that enterprise, advising her to
occupy or annex Cavalla or another port
on the Aegean sea. Servia did not follow
this advice, but her ally, Bulgaria, did
not move finger to enable Servia to re-
Cavalla or Salonica, but without the ter
ritory she now occupies her commercial
and economic development would be i'm
possible, and her political role would be
that of a buffer state between mighty
Bulgaria and Austria Hungary, like AT
ghanistan between Russia and India
| Servia would thus be completely de-
prived of all the fruits of her victories
and left with small addition of barren ter
ritory in the vilayet of Kossovo, which
has been devastated by centuries of an
archy Servia could never recover from
the heavy economic crisis which must fol-
low the present war, her national funds
| being nearly exhausted. The Servian
government would be unable to explain
to the people the reasons of the present
war, all Seryian bravery having served
| to form big Bulgaria. Against all these
arguments based on justice. Bulgaria pro-
duces the stipulations of a written docu-
ment
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-07-06
The Victory Was Too Easy

The allies of the Balkan league were
brought together by a common hostility
to the Turk. But they were old foes and
mutually suspicious allies, and their new
friendship only went far enough to recog-
nize that unity was necessary to success
in the war, and had to be maintained
until a peace was signed. If the struggle
had been harder, if the Turk had been
able to carry the tide of war into Balkan
territory at the outset of the campaign,
possibly the alliance would have been
Hammered into some real unity. But the
too easy nature of the victory, according
to the foreign observers, was an encour-
agement to the existing causes of dissen-
sion among the allies. Each one of the
allies feels that it has a claim to the
suzerainty of the Balkans. The Servians
point to their ancient empire; the Greeks
to their still more ancient power, the
Bulgars, not without some pride of an
cestry derived from the records of their
old struggles with the Byzantine empire,
take up the attitude that, whatever the
past, the present and the future are
theirs on grounds of greater efficiency
and more stubborn national resolution.
And the various claims put forward for
the credit of having originated the Bal
kan league. Between Bulgaria and Ser
via there was O very definite alliance,
which provided for the division of the
spoils after the war. Greece came in on
a more loose basis. There was no actual
agreement as to her share of the spoils.
1t is interesting to note that none of the
combanant states attached the slightest
Importance to the preliminary declara-
tion of the powers that no territorial
changes were to follow the war. All were
confident that there were to be spoils.
But Bulgar and Greek were ready to fight
together to get rid of the Turk, and to
trust to luck, or diplomacy-afterw to
avoid fighting between themselves over
the booty.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-07-06

changes that have come to them are too
numerous to try to detail.
In addition to the changed clothing
the silk trousers and little round cap.
you will find that the man in the street
interests himself in the government.
in the military. in the schools, in the
press, in the public matters that at one
time had not the slightest concern for
the common people
Among the people there Is a sense of
freedom-which is not always not abused.
The proletaria says that the Manchus
have gone; they will point you to their
own Yuan Shi Kai, their own Ii Yuan
Hung, their own Sun Yai Sen-real Chi
nese who now have the power to rule.
In the Chinese atmosphere there is
a sense of elaton at the change that
the establishment of the republic has
brought. But whilst the people call out
loudly about this or that feature of the
new rule, it is not for a moment meant
that they understand what they are
calling out about.
But still they are encouraged to do it
and it may be that they will learn in
this way!
Mere striplings who have had a year
or two in America or Europe or Japan
are often sent out as officials into in
terror places. They have no idea of ruling
justly-because some of them should
themselves be still at school, And so ii
is rightly said that such new rule in
China means that the republic serves
the people worse than the old regime
did
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-07-06
War Is Europe's Opportunity

Should TINS conflict of opinion develop
into devastating war it might easily be
that Bulgaria will play the league false
as has been threatened from Sofia. bv
making an alliance with Austria that will
bring the latter into the breech for the
crushing OF Servia. At any rate. If the
Greeks and the Bulgarians fall to fight
Ing the powers may take Salonica from
both and turn it into neutral port That
is the policy of Austria Hungary, and il
is the desire to bring that about which fills
Vienna with such significant eagerness
that the Greeks and the Bulgarians
should now proceed to mutual slaughter.
1t is the intense desire of NJ. Venizelos.
who stands head and shoulders above the
demagogues of Athens. to settle this mat
ter peacefully.
The danger OF the moment is the in
tense nationalism bred of war in all these
peoples, and it is not to be expected tha I
the loss of Silistria to Roumania will
make Bulgaria more inclined towards ar
bitraton.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-07-06
Bulgaria Stands to Her Guns

bulgaria traverses the facts underlying
these arguments and maintains that ev-
erything that happens was provided for
by the treaty. The Serbs contributed
$4,000, not $4,000, reinforcements at Adrian
ople, and not as a supplementary aid, but
IN consonance with the military conven-
ton, and since November. At the latest
phase Of the war Servia did despatch "a
heavy guns and 1000 men to serve them,
but not more. According to the conyen-
ton, Bulgaria might have demanded
100000 instead of $1,000 troops. Bulgaria
contenSs that the operations In Thrace
were indispensable to the Servian and
Greeks successes in Macedonia, and that
she fully discharged her treaty obliga-
tions and provided 100000 soldiers for
Macedonia. Servia called for a revision
OF the treaty with Bulgaria, while Bull
garia declared that no modification should
take place, and demanded publication of
the texts of all the agreements come to
between them from February to Septem
ber last year.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-07-06
Still Wear the Queue

AS a matter of fact, they still wear
the queue, many of them. In British
Malaga, in Java, in Rangoon and other
eastern places far removed from his old
home, the Chinese unconsciously retains
this sign of subservience to the Manchus
But he has changed in outlook if moi
in manner. He talks to you about the
change in his great country, he tells
you of many strange innovations that are
coming that fill you with amazemen
as you listen.
But you realize that he is far from the
scene of activity, and does not follow
China's emerging soul very closely. Bu
you come nearer to China. You arrive al
Hong Kong. Here there are not the same
people as there used TO be, surely. They
are energetic and d-worlxing-yea, as
energetic and Woodworking as any race
in the world-but they have changed ter
ribly.
You miss the Black. hairy appendage
and the black, greasy mark that 1t made
down the mans back: you miss the Pc
culiar baggy clothing, the long. loose
sleeves, the silk trousers, tied in the bot
tom, the brilliant colors of the ordinary
Chinese in his ordinary dress.
You see this change on the face OF
the country, but you hardly know what
it is If you have been out of China
for many years you are bewildered ut
terIy
You watch the people around you
With close-cropped, bristly black hair
a guinea, all of them could pass prob
ably for Japanese. They are vari-hatted
and vari-coated and var-colored
They ape foreign manners and for
eign clothes. Tailors who seem to have
sprung up out of the earth have clothed
this strange people in clothing often
strange and wonderful to behold.
Trousers of the alleged foreign cut
almost as wide as the legs are long, swing
awkwardly around them as they try to
hurry Coats of atrociously evil fit have
been swung on to the backs of them; they
have stuck cheap Japanese felt or q
cheap cloth cap on their unkept heads
and thus have they turned their backs or
the clothing of their ancestors.
Thank heaven, however, this is not uni
yersall
Now and Then
Now and again one can rest his eyes
upon the more pleasing objects of a Chi.
nese-dressed Chinese. But so common
has this alleged European clothing be-
come among the common people that one
sees plainly enough that a fairly stout
end of the wedge is already in.
If you have noticed change SO fal
in your journey to China your arrival al
Shanghai will astound you. Chinese?-
these people. you say, are not the Chi
nese that you left some years ago. The
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-07-06
CHINESE CHANGING:
NO ONE KNOWS END
Masses Begin to Show Inde-
pendence in Action
QUEUES ARE MISSING
Quaint Costumes Are Also Gone.
alleged European" Clothing
Looks Atrocious-Goy-
ernment Not Ideal
QUEUES ARE MISSING

London, July 5-(Special.) From which
ever angle one views China-china in her
government. or China in any avenue of
life in her wonderful people-one sees
change. Yet 1t is precisely the nature
of that change upon which European
writer's in the country fail to agree. The
consequence is that the subject of China
cannot be fully or accurately understood
by the white races.
See the Chinese far away down in
Java, in the tin mines of the federated
Malay states, in the shafts of the rick
shaw of the Straits settlements or Indo-
China, and one finds them the same
as he has always known them; yet they
are for the most part unchanged ire
vocably.
The Chinese is found in many places
outside his own country; yet here he
would be the same Chinese as yor
would find him in his own wonderful
middle kingdom.
He is the worlds newer of wood and
drawer of water. A new country opens
up. John is first brought along under
signed indenture to do a certain
thing, and, if he lives, he does it faith
fully and unmurmuringly, and returns
home at the end of his agreement
But later on he comes again of his
own free will, and sets to work in an
other line, piles up money, and makes
the place prosperous. In course of time
he may, in daily life, become somewhat
alienated from his own country.
No man quicker than the Chinese alb
serbs the life of another nation. Yet
to a remarkable extent his own Chinese
characteristics remain with him untar-
nished-beeause he looks forward to the
time when he will go home to die
This is the kind of Chinese in whom
one finds today the least change.
The passing of the Manchu, while
thoroughly understood by him and APP
preciated to the fun-or the reverse, as
may be-makes very little difference to
him outside China; and, therefore, he has
not been called upon to change very
mudh.
His life is much the same day after
day. 1t Is the same today under the
British or Dutch government as it was
when the Manchus were going strong as
the alien governors in his own land
| Therefore, IL one finds no very vital
change in the Chinese, it is among this
class.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-07-06
Terms of Ante BelIum Treaty

According to information which con-
tradicts the reports from Bulgarian
sources, the military and territorial ar
rangements entered into by the Serviar
and Bulgarian governments included the
following stipulations.
l. All the territory lying west of Ku-
manova was to be allocated to Servia
without any question whatever
2. All the territory lying east of the
Rhodope and of the Struma river was .to
be given to bulgaria in the same way
3. The region situated in the middle
was described as contested" but or
several points an understanding had been
reached. On others the arbitration OF
Russia was to be resorted to in case OF
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-07-06

probability, however is that 1t Is pre-
dominantly Serb. The regions conquered
by Greece are all overwhelmingly Greek,
and that now they have been recovered
from the Turks they should revert to
any hands but those of the Greeks is to
all lovers of justice a monstrous sugges-
tion
An argument has been put forth that
with Salonica and Chalcidic Greek the
Bulgarians in the inland will be hampered
commercially. OF course, the Bulgar is
not, and never can be, a trader, much less
q seaman. The foreign trade of Bulga-
ria, like that of Turkey, is largely in
Greek hands. The argument is prepos-
ferrous. AS regards Thasos and Sama-
thrace, certain strategic regions may be
advanced for their cession to Bulgaria,
but none the less they are parts of
Greece.
The part played by the Bulgarian army
and people during the war has been high
y honorable, but it must be remembered
not more so than that played by the
Greeks and Serbs. The fledelity of Greece
and Servia to the common cause was be-
yond question. The work OF both was adj
mirably done, and without their loyal aid
Bulgaria would have Jared badly. Yet
she has alienated both and cast away an
opportunity that can hardly occur again
of becoming the head of a great Balkan
ian confederacy.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-07-06
OFFICE
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New Or1eans To I,,,

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Sealed bids will be received up to
12 o'clock, noon, Thursday, July 10
1913, for furnishing one years supply
of by-product coke approximately
10000 tons) to this company, begin
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tanned on application.
Bids must be addressed to Mr.. Hugh
McCloskey, president and general man.
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Vice President and Secretary.
7-5-6t
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-07-06
Greek and Serb Peer of Bulgar

The immediate cause of the dispute is
that Bulgaria demands as her share a
large part of the conquests made by
Greece and Servia. At first sight the de-
mand may appear to a superficial OBJ
server not unreasonable. That Bulgaria
has made relatively greater sacrifices
than her allies is an assertion not war
ranted by the facts. That she was able
to array a larger field army than either is
not plea in her favor that either Greece
or Servia is likely to appreciate, since it
is merely owing to the undue favoritism
of the European powers at Berlin In 1878
in creating a big Bulgaria, While Servia
was neglected and Greece ignored. The
question of relative services is an i'm
portant one. DR.. Daney, the most i'm
portant diplomatic figure on the Bulga-
rian side, is reported to have spoken of
division of spoils according to the services
made. The services on land may thus be
summarized: Bulgaria has inflicted sew
eral heavy defeats upon the Osmanli
forces in. Thrace. penned them up behind
the Ines of Tehatalja and Bulair, con-
quered practically -erll Thrace and North
east Macedonia, and with the help of the
Serbs captured Adrianople. The Serbs
have gained great victories over the Turk
ish army in the northwest, practically
annihilating 1t as a fighting force and
driving it's remnants into the clutches of
the Greeks They have assisted Bulgaria
to capture Adrianople and Montenegro to
capture Scutari. The Greeks have COM
pletely destroyed the Turkish army in
Southern Macedonia and Epirus and have
completed the annihilation of that of
Northern Macedonia. They have con-
quered Epirus and Southern Macedonia
up to the Struma and Lake Presba with
all it's cities and towns, and have taken
the fortress of Janina and Prevesa. They
have assisted the Serbs and Montenegrins
to capture Scutari
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-07-06
Anarchy and Misrule

In some provinces right through to
Kansu and Tibet right through to
Szechuen and Yunnan, there is anarchy
and misrule and bloodshed and robbery,
and all the evils that could have been
sent to the people as chastisement by
the gods whom the Chinese have wor-
shipped for 40 centuries. In other provinces
| there is peace.
In some parts is lawlessness, in others
absolute order reigns, and progress runs
anace. There is real advance in some
areas; terrible retrogression in others.
| Reform and genuine desire to go ahead,
| stagnation and utter hopelessness.
| In such conditions it is easy to see,
when one takes into consideration the
! size of the country and the widely vary
ing conditions of life among the people,
| that writer's find 1t impossible to agree
| In one area one writer declares that
China is now on her last legs; another
| looking at life from another angle, in
| another area, sees nought but progress
| sion and national uplifting.
| But, however much they disagree upon
| its effects one and all are agreed about
the change-for the better or worse, the
next year or two alone can probably
determine.
What / have written deals only with
the common millions of Chinese at home
and in different parts of the east. 1t
uoeS llOl lOuCn liie BONtrIlIleHtdl OullOOk,
of course; it does not deal with the wob-
bly, condition of finance, which, after all.
is the very life of the nation in this
age.
1t will merely show that the estab-
lishment of China has worked a tre-
merdous change on the face of the peo-
pie, and 1 hope to investigate the changed
thought of the nation for which the re-
public is responsible.
For the man who knows his China
best must admit that, no matter how
much there may be in the change that
we do not admire, and which feel
is making for national destruction, the
Chinese as people at no time of their
history have shown such independence
of thought and action as characterizes
their national life at its present juncture.
| But this very freedom to think and
| in large measure act as they please may
even yet be their undoing.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-07-06
$1,000 RrwARD

A REWARD OF $1,000 WILL BE
PAID FOR INFORMATION RESULT
ING IN THE ARREST AND CONVIC-
TION OF ANY PERSON OR PERSON 3
FELONIOUSLY PLACING DYNAMITE,
NITRO GLYCERIN OR OTHER Ex-
POsIyE ON ANY STREET CAR
TRACK IN THE CITY OF BIRMING-
HAM. CITY OF BIRMINGHAM,
by G. EXUM, AS PRESIDENT OF
THE BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-07-06

need. Kumanovo. Uskub and Struga
were to be given to Seryia.
4. The Servian troops to be put in the
field were to number 100000 and the Bull
garian troops 100000, of which 100000 were
to be sent for service in the Vardar coun-
try.
5. The Sanjak Of Scutari, with Duraz-
20, was, of course, to be given to Servia.
If attacked by Austria, Servia was to
have the support of 100000 Bulgarian
troops.
G. There was an understanding that
Adrianople, being considered as lying in
the zone of Constantinope. was to be left
to Turkey.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-07-06
Greek Fleet the keystone

But this is not all, for 1t takes no ae-
count of the vital part played by the
Greek fleet, which all through has been
the keystone OF the allied operations. AT
the very outset of the war it threw the
balance in Thraee on the Bulgarian side
by preventing the transport to Constanti-
nople by sea of the large relnforcements
which had been concentrated at Smyrna.
They only arrived after the issue had
been decided. The small Greek feet then
blockaded the Dardanelles so effectively
that only single ship was able to es-
cape for an absolutely purposeless raid.
and defeated every attempt of the Turk
ish squadron to emerge into the open. be-
sides attacking ports and islands. The
Importance Of its work cannot be over
estimated. Had the Turks control of the
sea the second phase of the war might
easily have been Very different Troops
could have been landed in the rear of the
Bulgarians and reinforcements brought
by sea from Asia Minor Instead of being
crowded into Constantinople. The com
mand of the sea with the incalculable ad-
vantage which ii confers has been
throughout on the side of the allies, and
TO Greece, and Greece alone, is this due.
Without the assistance of Greece the posi-
ton of the allies would have been far
more critical. The Serbs would have had
leO,GJ0 men opposing them, instead of half
that number and Kumanovo would never
have been wen nor Skoplie gained The
Bulgarian army could hardly have gone
forward at all, for it would have been
threatened in the rear. Scatari could have
been reinforced, Adra nople would never
have been hcsieged. All this IL pleases
the bulgarian leaders TO forget
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-07-06
Larcor Share 10 Brlcnr;a

Greece Is willing apparently to consent
that BULGARIA. should gain the Aegean
coast cf Thrsce IS far as the Struma.
This With the inland Of Thrace and Mace
COMA would give Bulgaria a territorial
accession of some $500 square miles with
coast line of over 100 miles and four ex-
cerent ports. Moreover. the Thracian
plain IS ene of the most valuable parts
OF Bahama. or the population of this
reTirn-some 9,ec,-nearly half are
Gtcel-s.
THE territorial acquisitions of Greece
anu Ser'ia are likely TO be considerably
less, yet Brlgaria demands Monastir of
Seryia and Sslonica, Thasos and Samo-
thrace from Greace. There may perhaps
be some difference of opinion as to
whether Mcnastir is Serb or Bulgar the
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-07-06

FOR RENT, OCTOBER
WE HAVE FOR RENT OCTOBER 1
TWO STRICTLY CENTRAL BRICK
STORES IN RETAIL DISTRICT. CALL
AND SEE US. Nv. b. LEEDY Il co.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1913-07-10

Contractor W. H. Kahl. who has been
engaged for several weeks past putting
in the new concrete bridge spanning
Wilson creek on Second street. com
pleted the concrete work Tuesday even
ing. Upon the arrival of the brick
with which to do the paving and after
they have been laid the bridge will be
thrown open to traffic, which at times
has become greatly congested and a
number of more or less serious accidents
narrowly averted. In addition to max
ing this permanent improvement on the
main thoroughfare of the town the
street brick for a distance of a hundred
or more feet on each side of the bridge
will be taken up and relaid so as to make
the surface of the street conform with
that of the bridge elevation. The brick
for the bridge work has been in the
hands of the manufacturers for several
days, but on Saturday night the plant
where they are manufactured burned
and delay of some days is anticipated
a result.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1913-07-10

Yellow Pine Inside Finish
Cement
Pittsburg Ready Roofing
Campbelrs Varnish Stains