The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1913-08-19
New Tariff Expected. To Assist U. s. In
 World Markets
Induced Economies And Lower Living Costs To Workers
 Expected
By Our Stan Correspondent.)


 Washington, Aug. 1e-As the tariff ;1egislation progresses the members Ur Congress here are closely watching the European publications, particularly those in the countries where manufac- turers are to be brought into compet1- ton with American made goods under the Underwood competitive tariff, and as yet nothing has been noted where foreign manufacturers are claiming any advantage in the American mar 7zet that is going to be gained by them as soon as the new bill is effective On the other hand the tarin experts of Europe forecast an era of competi- .tion with American goods-goods never lbefore on the shelves of European storekeepers-
 The Status, of London. one Of those typical English publications noted for tits conservatism. aroused itse1fl in a recent issue to saying: Tn England there is no small amount of apprehen- sion that the reduction in American yduties will so assist American manu- ffacturers to produce cheaply that not only will there be no increase in the quantity Of goods imported into the States, but that American manufacture CTS will be able to compete much more seuccessfuI1y than hitherto in neutral markets It Is certain that the sub .stantiaI reduction in duties now pro- iposed will cause American manufac-
 
 lection from the existing duties to loverhau1 their methods and to seek Ito make good the loss of duties by ieconoEnfes in production. Further, 1t tf@ evident that the reduction in duty win tend to reduce the cost of living an the United States, and therefore will Y tend to remove one Of the Justihable icauses for the demand for increasing wages on the part Of the Workmen- .Tf. as seems proba able, American man
 1T~xz A~, their methods and to effect economies ,Hn the one hand. and at the same time gain advantage from the reduction in ,ahe cost of living to the working class les on the other it is evident they will mot only be able to hold their own In ;their own market. but will be in a inuch better position than hitherto to compete in the worlds markete.''
 Further the English writer ventures to say that the early effect upon trade may be adverse and he accounts for shis statement by saying: "ObviousIy persons not compelled to buy goods Ammediatefy win endeavor to postpone ithefr orders until the new tariff~ IS passed, and until the effect Of the new starfR is felt, in the expectation that they will be able to purchase goods at lower prices. Whether they will be lable to do 90 or not is another factor, for factors other than tarin also infiu- sence prices, and the level of prices at Mny given moment is governed by gen. sera1 economic considerations, which sometimes accentuate and sometimes insufra1fze the effect of tariffs. Were anything to occur to affect the general volume of trade throughout the world and to cause a fall in the prices of commodities in general and of agrfcul- fural products in particular, the inn ports of goods into the United States would probably fall of, notwithstand- Hnr a lower tariff
 The prices of wheat and of other agricultural produce, of which America produces a substantial surplus, are governed by the world conditions, and consequently enjoy no measure of pro Ftection, and If the prices of farmers supplies are reduced the farming in sdustry win be rendered more profta- hle. The readJustment of the tarfff poems likely to render the farmer much more profitable than 1t has hitherto been, having regard for .expepditure es as well as Income, and to assist in Turning the tide of population again Ito the land. It should be noted that tFe whole of the duties on agricultural products are not removed; but inas- much as America is an exporter of food and not an importer, the duties on food are ineffective for protective purposes.
 The removal of the duty on coal will be of substantial advantage to the Western states, where coal has to be Imported from Canada, and where the duty has seriously affected the cost.
 ''By removing some of the duties, President Wilson expects to place the American consumer in the same fa- ForabIe position as foreign buyers For Instance typewriters are an American speciality, and it is improbable that any txpewriters will be imported into hhe States in consequence of the re- Rl1oval of the duty. At the same time it is evident that the price of type writers in the States must in future compare not unfavorab1y with the prices in foreign markets. The same comment would be made on almost every other article placed on the free dist except where the reductions are intended to help manufacturers We need only to refer to steel rails as a further example. The capacity of American manufacturers to produce steel rails is practically unlimited; ap- woarent1y in future the price of steel rails in the States will conform much rnore closely than hitherto to world iruotations The advantage of the re- ductfon in the duty on steel rails will accrue directly to American railways, and indirectly to the whole country, ms the higher the cost of railway work Ing the higher is the cost of transport mtfon. The most important item placed tn the free list is wool. Hitherto this hae been the one commodity which has derived some advantage to compensate Them for the heavy burden imposed
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