Licking Valley courier. [volume] (West Liberty, Ky.) 19??-current, 1913-07-10


grating the wood for scions should be
taken while in dormant or resting
condition. The time usually consider i
ed best is after the leaves have fallen,
but before severe freezing begins.
The sci0ns are tied in lunches and
buried in moist sand, where they will |
not freeze and yet will be kept cold
enough to prevent growth. Good re-
spring just before or ut the time the
grating Is to be done. If cleft graft
ing Is the style to be employed this
practice frequently gives good results,
but spring cutting Of scions for whip
grating is not desirable.
The stock Is the plant or part of Il
plant upon which or into which the
bud or scion Is inserted. For best re-
suits in grating II Is essential that the
stock be in an active condition.
Cleft grating is particularly adapted
to large trees when for any reason it
becomes necessary to. change the va
riety. Branches too large to be work
ed by other methods can be cleft graft
ed A branch one or one and One-half
inches in diameter Is severed with a
saw. Care should be taken that the
bark be not loosened from any portion
Of the stub. Split the exposed end
with broad thin chisel or grating
tool. Then with q wedge or the wedge
shaped prong mt the end of the grating
tool spread the cleft so that the scions
may be inserted.
The scion should consist Of portion
Of the previous seasons growth and
should be long enough to have two or
three buds. The lower end Of the
scion which is to be inserted into the
cleft should be cut into the shape Of a
wedge, having the outer edge thicker
than the other. In general it Is good
plan to cut the scion so that the lowest
bud will come just ut the top of this
wedge, so that it will be near the top
Of the stock. To make this contract Of
the growing portions doubly certain the
| SNlOl 10 Ollcu ocL At u bllSnl WIN
the stock into which it is inserted.
After the scions have been set the
operation of cleft grating is completed
by covering all cut surfaces with
layer of grating wax.
Whip grating is almost universally
used in root grating. 1t has the ad-
vantage of being well adapted to small
plants only one or two years Of age,
and 1t can be done indoors during the
comparative leisure Of winter.
The graft is made by cutting the
stock off diagonally-one long smooth
cut with a sharp knife, leaving about
three-fourths Of an inch Of cut surface.
Place the knife about one-thlrd of the
distance from the end OF the-cut sur
face at right angles to the cut and
split the stock In the direction of its
long axis. Cut the lower end of the
scion In like manner, and when the
two parts are forced together the cut
surfaces will fit neatly together, and
one will nearly cover the other If scion
and stock are of the same size. A diff
ference may be dlsregarded unless it
be too great. After the scion and stock
have been locked together they should
be wrapped with FIVE or six turns Of
waxed cotton to hold the parts firmly
together. 1t is in root grating that the
whip graft finds its distinctive field.
The roots are dug and the sclons are
cut In the fall and stored. The work
of grating may be done during the
winter months. When the operation
has been performed the CRAFTS are
packed away In moss, sawdust or sand
in cool cellar to remain until spring,
In ordinary propagation by means Of
whip CRAFTS the scion is cut with about
three buds, and the stock is nearly as
long as the scion. The graft Is so
planted as to bring the union of stock
and scion not very far below the sur
face of the ground. But where the
trees are required to be especially
hardy in order to stand severe winters
and the roots used are not known to
be so hardy as the plants from which
the scions have been cut n different
plan is adopted. The scions are cut
much longer, and the roots may be cut
shorter, and the graft is planted so
deep as to cause roots to issue from
the lower end of the scion. When TAX
en- up to be set In the orchard the orig
inal root may be removed entirely.
Budding Is one of the most econom
ical forms Of artificial reproduction
and each year witnesses its more gen
eral use.
The operation of budding Is simple
and can be done with great speed by
expert builders. The work has usually
to be done In July, August or early
September, The bud should be taken
from wood OF the present seasons
growth. Since the work of budding Is
done during the season Of active
growth the bud sticks are prepared SC
that the petiole or stem of each leaf Is
left attached to serve as handle t.
aid in pushing the bud home when in
oNiAliE ~ NHC Dulh VI luN
stock. This is what is usually called
q shield bud and is cut so that small
portion of the woody tissue Of thu
branch is removed with the bud.
The stock for budding should be a
least as thick as the ordinary lead pen
ell. The height at which buds are in
serted varies; the nearer the ground tn,
better. When the bud Is made Il llgatur,
Is then tightly drawn about, above ant
below the bud to hold 1t In place un
I'll union shall sbe formed Bands o
railla about eight or ten inches Ions
make most convenient tying mate
rial. AS soon as the buds have unlte(
with the stock the lgature should b,
cut In order to prevent glrdlng tn,
stock. This done, the operation Is com
plete until the following spring, whel
all tho trees in which the buds hav,
= taken" should have the top cut of
just above the bud.
} The one objection to budding is tha