davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1913-08-15
LIGHT REQUIRED ~ TREES
Many Varieties Need Certain Amount
When Sssdlines, But Do Not
Thrive When They Ars Older.
DIV NORMAN N. Ross.l

tBy NORMAN NJ. Ross.)
Trees are divided into two classes
by foresters according to the amount
Of light required by them In order to
make healthy growth. These are
known - light-demanders and shade,
bearers. In early youth all trees are
more or less shade enduring, that Is,
they will grow under the shade Of
pther trees, and In fact many varieties
require q certain amount Of shade
when seedlings. but cannot live under
the same conditions after they are .
few years older. There can be no
hard and fast line drawn between
these two classes, as the one merges
very gradually into the other. In the
group Of trees generally classed AZ
shade-bearers. some are ore shade
enduring than others. and the same Is
the case with the light-demanders.
some requiring nor light than 9th
ers. The white and black spruce are
Instances Of heavy shade-bearing trees.
that IL, they will continue to grow un.
der very dense shade. The birch and
green ash IN samples Of hght-de-
manders. The ash-leaved maple and
elm will bear a fair degree Of shade.
but require plenty of light for their
best development. As q rule. light.
demanding trees should never be set
out in pure plantation, for reasons u.
ready given, unless 1t is intended that
after a few years the trees should be
nnder-planted with some other vari-
ETY. capable Of maintaining soil
Shade enduring varieties may be safe
~ planted without mixture 90 far -
keeping the soil In good condition II
concerned. There are other consider
atoms, however. which might make 1t
advisable always to set trees In mix
ture In preference to pure plantations.
A mixed plantation suffers less from
insect and fungus attacks because as
. rule each particular insect and fun
gus has q preference for a certain va
rety of plant or tree, and unless ex-
traordinary conditions exist do not
care to attack other varieties. A
mixed plantation of rapid and slow
growers or light-demanding and shade
bearing trees will, in most cases. give
q larger continuous return per acre
and per annum than n made up OF
only q single variety.
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1913-08-15

The environment under which this
breed develops has left its influence
upon the breed. The island Ii rather
rugged and exposed with q climate 6
little mor severe than Jersey,
While the crop and marketing condi-
lions are very similar to those IN the
neighboring islands yet the Guernsey
breeders have paid more attention to
utility ,rather. than fancy points; all
Of which has tended to increase the
hardness Of the breed. &
The Guernsey. cow will average
about 1000 pounds IN weight, rank
Ing somewhat higher than the Jer.
seys in this respect. They are coars-
81 In bone and not quite 80 smooth in
conformation. The common. colors
are reddish yellow with white mark
ings on the face, TANKS, legs and
switch. The Guernsey breeders lay
much stress upon a deep yellow skin
,as Indicative Of rich yellow milk and
butter. The breed has been kept
pure for many years by means Of laws
prohibiting importations Of cattle into
the island.
The Guernsey ranks well with the
Jersey in quantity and quality Of the
milk. The milk from this breed IL
the yellowest in color Of any breed
which 10 q strong factor In market
Ing the milk, cream and butter.
Guernseys are very popular be-
cauDe OF their strong vigorous consti,
tutions. = good feeders. gentle In
disposition. well with the beef
breeds and readily adapt themselves
to conditions In the northwest.
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1913-08-15
Convenient Gateway.

feet long. and sunk in the ground
next to a post after a hole is bored
through near the top for a pin OF the
roller to work in. Then get q round
pole or post about five or six inches
in diameter, cut to fit in the gateway
and fasten in by putting a half-inch
iron bolt in each end of the roller. II
this is put on the side of the fence
next to the hog pasture the gate cap
be closed when necessary and it will
keep the hogs out when opened.
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1913-08-15
SUBJECTS ron ESSAYS
Many Things o. ~IntsrsstiHo Nakurss1s
Write About In Rural 0cisool-
How to Get Material.

NBy ". c. PALMER, Agricultural Editor.
North Dakota Agricultural COnege.)
Subjects for essays are always q
problem. In the rural schools the most
interesting things TO write about are
those Of q local nature; Is, a. wheat
growing (2) blowing. t3) threshing.
az the grain binder, (5) the corn bind.
o.. F(6l the plow, "a the drill, (8) corn
planter (s) names tor farms. (10) nm
ming water In the home, (11) septic
tank, (12) breeds Of dairy cattle. (13)
breeds OF beef cattle, (14) breeds Of
horses, (16) breeds Of hogs, (16) clio
yer, (17) alfalfa, (18) humus In soil.
(19) how soil Is made, (20) some com.
mon weeds. (21) how to kill wild oats,
(22) mustard, (23) French weed. (24)
Canada thistle. (25) quack grass, (26)
parcels post, (27) rural mail delivery.
(2S) w~indbreaks, (29) the willow, 1907
ash, (31) elm, 1927 walnut, (33) ever
green's, (34) Colorado blue spruce,
$3.50 bull pine, 1857 Black Hills spruce.
$50 white spruce, 1857 good roads.
(39) split log drag, (40) rotation Of
crops. (41) power washing machine,
(42) the mangle, (43) vacuum cleaner,
(44) dustless mop, (46) kitchen o /.
veniences. (46) a convenient kitchen,
(47) consolidated school, (4S) bread
making, (49) wooden clothing 1907 cot
ton for clothing, (51) how to wash
clothes, (52) how to wash woolens.
(53) washing laces, c54) a convenient
barn, (55) the silo, (56) value OF ensil
age, (67) ~fattening hogs, (5S) pasture
for hogs, (69) best age to market hogs,
(60) decorating school grounds, (61)
why milk sours, (62) how to keep
milk sweet. (63) lawns, (64) shrubs
for lawn, (65) Ivy and vines, 1867 the
me" dow lark, coy the sparrow. (6S)
pr. irie chickens, ,(69) quail, (70) files
grasshoppers. (72) mosquitoes.
~ cut worms, ca wire worms, (76)
ONE grass. (76) slender wheat grass.
CID growing corn, f78) potatoes, (7S)
testing seed corn, (s0) house plants
(S1) flower garden. (S2) farmers,
clubs. (83) cistern, (84) washing with
hard water, (85) games, 1867 poultry,
(S7) making butter. 1887 making hens
lay in winter, (89) the incubator, (S0)
raising turkeys, i91) wind mills, Goa
pure foods( (93)) electricity on the
farm, (S4) farm bookkeeping. (95)
hawks, (96) rainfall in North Dakota,
(s7) a~dulteration Of food, (98) adulters
alton Of clothing.
These subjects will prove interest,"
ing. To get the materiol for such par
pers will take the pupils not only to
books and bulletins. but also to the
farm and the farmer. The package IL
brary at the agricultural college win
prove q good source for material.
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1913-08-15
WATCH THE BUTTER MARKET
Not 0lficuIt to Change F%reshenino
Time Of Cows to Get Big Yield
When Prices Are High.

(By GIL MARTIN, Professor OF Dairy
ing, North Dakota Agricultural Col
leee.)
The variation in the average price
Of butter On the leading markets is
a good indicator for dairymen to
watch. The prevailing prices quoted
during the year are governed large
~ by the supply and the demand.
Invariably the price of butter falls in
the springtime when the majority Of
farmers allow the cows to come fresh
and are turned to the pasture. The
price as surely rises again when the
warm season comes, the flies appear
and the pastures begin to dry up,
and reaches the high water mark In
the winter time. ~
The federal crop reporter for 1919
shows the average price of New York
butter in January to be 81 cents and
It kept or decreasing till April,
where it reached % cents--the low
est point for the year. For the next
fve months It remained nearly at a
s~tandstil1..s On September LIST 1t was
back where Il started. During the
next three months 1t began to climb
rapidly to 81 cents for October. "a
cents for November and 81 cents for
December. The two extremes being
April and December, with a differ
ence In price Of Is cents per pound
Of butter. 4
The reasons prices begin to rise In.
the fall is due largely to the fact that
the majority Of farmers allow the
BOWS to freshen m the spring and pro-
dnce the heaviest flow. In the sum-
mer and fall the cows fall OF in aow,
creameries close down and the but
ter supply IL inadequate.
The marketing end OF the dairy
business fis something that viii repay
every farmer to investigate. II -
not = difficult matter to change the
freshening time Of the COWS. II they
ffeshen in the fall. the heaviest milk
now viii come when the prices are
ligh. The COW will then be MIXED
turing the winter and be ready to dry
81 IN the summer when butter prices
are low. Winter dairyiIg - coming
. BE moro popular every year fs5
teopls are beginning 20 go that
inference of ~ rents - pound cor
the butter II worth workihk IN, %
~ nothing Of the other factors 81
6v0r 81 nyf1king the cows Id the NJ.
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1913-08-15
Handy Gate Fastener.

difficult to make, writes C. r. Herrick
OF Clay Center. Kan, In the Farmers
Mail and Breeze. A piece Of chain
about q foot long is stapied to the
post at one end. The other end is
securely fastened to an old wagon
wheel spoke. The upright In the gate
- set In the loop at the bottom OF
gate post and the lever passed back
Of the top. Pry 1t around and slip a
loop Of smooth wire OF the top wire.
over the end OF lever.
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1913-08-15
CATTLE Hon DAiilY'
P0pular escavss 81 strong ySoofouass
Consultations and Adaptablllfv
I NorthWest condltlon6s

sOy q. l. MARTIN, Professor ~ Dairy.
Ing. North Dakota Agricultural CcE
Sg lege.)
The Guernseys are . native az the
island bearing the same name, ana
situated only q short distance from
the island OF Jersey. The home 81
this breed is . little smaller and not
70 well protected naturally, YET ~
climate is very similar to5that III Jor
sey. s
The origin Of the Guernseys II Ike
that of the Jerseys-are descendants
from t same early cattle of Nor
mandy and Brittany IN France.
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1913-08-15
TO sAsvLoN.

~oMRADE, now the dawn hnlUAs
Light II yelling every star.
Pale against the paling ~
CLEANS q citadel altar.
Where the earth and sky Naro O.
Comrade. Il II Babylon.
Comrade. now the MONDAY blase
Beats upon u a. we 60.
But ! see q city's maze
Gray against the fiery glow.
5hadowy towers. cool streams thatsruM
We are nearing Babylon.
Comrade, had we ever gue6sed
Hall the weary miles bstweenl
Now the sun 10 near the west:
Now tho trees the city screen.
Ends the journey long begun.
We are nearing Babylon.
Comrade, o the night ID late.
In the darkness we "a be
Very ear hi city gate,
Where u for thee and md
Rest we now to morning
We shall wake at Babyloni
Mrs Andrew LAnG
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1913-08-15
GATEWAY FOUND CONVENIENT
Cattle May Be Run Into Hog Pasture
for Water When II 10 Desired 70
Keep Swine In.

Very often 1t is necessary to let
cattle into q hog pasture to obtain
water and at the same time II II not
desirable to let the hogs 60 into the
COW pasture. This can be accom-
iplished by e of q roller placed In
the gateway or in apanel Of the fence.
says the Iowa Homestead. This IL
made by taking two 2x6 pieces. four
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1913-08-15

Q.-What hereditary diseases are
the most common in stations?
Answer-B. H. Critchfield. secretary
stallion registration board.
III this state we have found that
sidebones were the most prevalent Of
al u~ndoubtnesses while spavins and
curbs were the Of q great many
reflections as well.
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1913-08-15
PLoW OF MUCH IMPORTANCE
Not Vet Found Possible to Supplant
Its Use With Any Success
Proper Depth to Piow.S

(By L. r. wALDRON, Superintendent
Dickinson Sub-Station, North Dakota.)
The pillow is a very ancient instru-
ment of tillage, but 1t Is only quite
recently that II has taken on ttssims
proved form. The plow was modern
lied less than 100 years ago. Flowing
Is very important for the SUCCESS OF
the crop and it has not been found
possible to supplant its use with any
degree of success The proper action
Of the pillow is to shear the soil into
q series Of thin layers. II the ground
is too dry, the soil Ii turned over IN
Jumps. II the ground Is too wet, the
soil Is packed together and puddled.
In either case one loses the cultivat-
Ing effect Of the blowing, and the soil
ls often much injured. The plow u
perhaps the most enicient tool We
have for the forming Of Z soil mulch.
The loose layer Of soil formed BY
blowing efectually prevents the rise
81. soil moisture from the deeper lay.
ers. when the soil IL too dry To
.plow the soil may. be rendered moist
BY diskfng the lard. forming : mulch,
and thus causing the upper few inches
Of soil 10 become moist.
There u much dispute concernln9
the proper depth Of plowinG 1ad ALSO
the proper time o. plowing. with TIE
Increased depth ~ plowink th6 work
becomes more dimcult and expen6iSe
~ this Az respoaslbie largely
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1913-08-15
HopEl

HEARD the wails of srisf ana
shame
When Priarf's walls were wrape
IN fiatne.
1 stood within the Forum plaOess
When vandal az and Gothic macs
battered the pride from CaeeAxeS
face:
When Plaques foul iegions MAJ
the Seine
with corpses and bestank the iplaj1s
OF France from Paris to Eorratnos
When Flanders fell before the ai6S9x
That made q Spanish hend b.
liege:
When wsrsvol1es 'rousht ! sulrlo-
For Louis and his fragile queen
Twas ] who staged anew the scon4s
Twas i who wiped away the se45SK
And Get ihe heavens freek
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1913-08-15
PROFIT IN KILLING WEEDS.
Noxlous Plants Should Destroyed
to Conserve Moisture and Fer
tIiity Of Soil.

(By L. r. WALDRON. superintendent
I Dickinson Satisfaction. North Dakota.D
Killing weeds reminds one some
what Of the job Of picking up stone. It
seem at first sight like an Improbable
job. It is a job to which M must be
educated, and lucky is the farmer who
ii educated along the line Of weed kill
ing. Stone picking has advantages
over weed killing insthat when 8 stone
is nee picked It Is picked for all time,
hut weeds, phoenixlike, renew their
youth every year. But weed killing
has advantages over stone picking In
that when the work is done In due sen
son it ID easily done.
The time Of due season ID whatISN1nt
to speak about. When = Wed III y
small that one has to loci close - seS
It, when It is not moT1ethAn m inch
long, root and ~, th4ngis the harvest
time for weeds.
In. q piece of summer sfallowing did
ron over run the harrow through inst
II the time when the weeds we're Ap
spsaring above the ground? II you have
ron Will have. noticed that ii the wake
1fff&AshGxkeM. tMo ~ Hg6rMot3 -
ter. II appeared Ike . beaten highway,
while on either side, where the Aar.
row did not work, the weeds had
waxsd strong and mighty sndsnow 70
hill them on would require double
diSking and thorough hArrowing, ana
the results then would not be ~ sxtis-
factoyy a. the single Narrowing insthe
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1913-08-15
QUESTIONS ANSWERED az MEM.
6ERs OF THE NORTH DAKOTA
AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE
i FACULTY.

OWN it pay to use manure In
North Dakota farming?
Answer.-R. c. Doneghue. professor
of agronomy.
In a 15-year trial with farm manure
~ the North Dakota experiment sta
ton anure increased the yield OF
wheat following corn to which 1t has
been applied N bushels the first year.
tx bushels the second year, and a
ly = bushels the third year. The total
increase for the three years was over
3 bushels. Each load of manure was
worth $1.40 per load at present prices
OF farm products. When applied to
.millet In rotation with wheat each
load was worth $1.65.
Q.-Does pasteurizing milk kill the
bacteria?
Answer-G. L. Martin, professor Of
dairying.
Pasteurization of milk for about 20
minutes at 145 degrees Fair. will kill
q great many Of the bacteria, yet some
OF the spores or seed are not destroyed
until q boiling temperature 10 reached.
However, pasteurization at the above
temperature Is an excellent safeguard
against the most common disease BAG.
terra like typhoid, diphtheria and scar
let fever.
Q.-What variety Of wheat is hest
for North Dakota?
Answer-W. r. Porter. superintend-
emit North Dakota demonstration
farms.
There Is no best variety for all soils
and seasons. Blue Stem Is probably
the best variety for the southern half
Of the Red river valley. Both Blue,
Stem and Scotch Fife do well In the
northern half of the Red river valley.
Fife seems to do best In the DEVILS
lake region and north to the boundary
line. In the western part of the state,
Fife, Blue Stem and Macaroni wheats
all seem to be doing well.
Q.-Is grit necessary for laying
hens? /
Answered.. w. Dynes, poultry in
vestigations.
As necessary az teeth ara In man.
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1913-08-15
FASTENER FOR A WIRE GATE
Piece Of Chain 10 Stapled to Post and
the Other End 10 Secured % IN
Old Wagon Spoke.

A handy wire gate fastener that
tightens the gate up in closing, yet
when closed Is easy to open II not
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1913-08-15
Perpetual Motion cranks.

n sRf 49, So
Judging from the applications Tor
patents. q week. all Great Britain.
b trying to invent 4 perpet-
ual motion machine, only Great Britain
calls It q self moving engine The
wires and bones Of models may b
found bleaching IN hundreds on The
shelves Of the patent Office. It goes
without saying that not one shows the
slightest inclination to move itself.
Varied and often pathetic are the his.
tories Of the inventors Not q few OF
them have spent the years OF their
prime in the chase Of this unattainable'
win O. the wisp; others have dropped
thousands Of pounds in the quest; still
others have trailed the quarry Into the
insane asylums. II all the wasted en-
ergy spent in seeking the solution Of
this problem had been converted into
the beaten channels OF Sndeavor the
patent Office of1ciais believe there
would be few problems OF mechanics
lett today unsolved.-Nsw York, sun.
Whsrs Mstsl u Coined.
There are four government mints--
VIZ. at Philadelphia. called the parent
mint, and branches at New Orleans.
san Trancisco and Denver The minor
coins. one and fve cent piecesr-ars
coined at the Philadelphia mint only,
which also coins gold and silver. The de-
nominations Of the coins. their nne-
E& NJ
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1913-08-15

Q.-Is grit necessary for laying
hens?
Answered.. w. Dynes, poultry in
vestigations.
AS necessary as teeth are to man.
The Hattiesburg news. (Hattiesburg, Miss.) 1908-1917, 1913-07-15

and milkman, but at their own pleas
ure. All they would have to do was to
go out and pluck the dinner off the
farm and ask favors of nobody.
HE bought the greatest array of
chickens you ever saw, and calculated
that he was going to have broilers
enough for the whole county and his
COWS we're blooded stock. So were
the pigs and the other animals.
But he hadn't reckoned on his
wife. The first time he said he
guessed the time was ripe for chick
en- dinner Mrs. Theophilus burst into
animated tears. She said she simply
didn't have the heart to eat a chicken
she was acquainted with and she'd
never thought it of him! So they got
their chicken dinner from a farmer
near by, whose pleboian poultry-yard
was carried on for general use instead
of ornament.
"Why, it wasn't a minute before
Mrs. Evers had all those chickens of
theirs named-and, what's more,
they'd come when she called them
She'd go out in the back yard and say:
Now, Beatrice, and Helen, and Jose
phine, you've been rolling in the dust
again! Look at your nice white
wings! Aren't you ashamed AND
those White Orpingtons would scratch
around in the gravel and look sheepist
and she'd dust them off.
when November came around he
was going to have man butcher one
of the pigs. Mrs. Theophilus nearl!
had Mysteries. What! Kill William
or Howard? After she had laugh
them to stand for bath from thu
garden hose every week and to avail
their turn politely at the trough
If Theophilus Evers was brute enough
to do that she'd feel like getting
divorce. So they bought their abcol
and ham from the butcher, as usual
The Hattiesburg news. (Hattiesburg, Miss.) 1908-1917, 1913-07-15
RID YOUR CHILDREN OF WORMS

You can cnange fretfui. il-tempered
children into healthy, happy young
sters. by Kidding them of worms. Toss
ing. rolling. grinding Of tseth. c-yinE
out while asleep. accor panied with
intense thirst, pains In the stomach
and bowels. feverishness and bad
breath. ere symptoms that indicate
worms. Kiekspoo Worm Killer. .
pleasant canSy lozenge. expels the
worms. regulstes the bowels. restores
your children to health and happiness.
Mrs. ]. A. Brisbin. Of Elgin. ILL.,. says:
"I have used Kickapoo Worm Killer
for years, and entirely rid my children
Of worms. would not be without It
Guaranteed. All druggists, or by mail
Price CSC. Kickapoo Indian Medicine
20. Philadelphia and st. Louis.
The Hattiesburg news. (Hattiesburg, Miss.) 1908-1917, 1913-07-15

and Howard and William waxed fat
in laziness and comfort.
1T got so that Theophilus had to
come to town to get a square meal of
fine, cold storage food-and hear that
he's opening his office again. He says
he's tired of running an eleemosynary
health resort for beasts and fowls and
being chambermaid to the residents"
WELL" said the lawyer, who had
listened attentively, 81 shall heed your
warning. shall tell my wife that
all cows bite and that a scratch from
chickens tooth is fatal"
The Hattiesburg news. (Hattiesburg, Miss.) 1908-1917, 1913-07-15

FOR CUTS, BURNS AND BRUISES
In every home there should be box
of Bucklen's Arnica Salve, ready to ap-
ply in every case Of burns. cuts.
wounds or scalds. J. H. Polanco, Del
vale, Tex, r. No. Q, writes: Buck
lens Arn.ca Salve saved my little
girls cut foot. No one believe1 II
could be cured" The worlds best
salve. Only 25c. Recommended By
all druggists.
The Hattiesburg news. (Hattiesburg, Miss.) 1908-1917, 1913-07-15
A CITY WOMAN ON THE FARM

"Tm thinking of buying farm"
said the lawyer. my wife is crazy
on the subject-says there's nothing
like owning land in your old age, SO
you are sure you'll have plenty to
eat and a roof to cover you"
That's all right, unless your wife
is like Theophilus Evers' wife," inter-
rupted the doctor. His wife said the
same thing, and she bounded Theo-
philus until he gave up his law prac-
tice and bought a farm sixty miles
out of town.
every day at luncheon for month
he told us how fine it was going to be
to have all the butter and cream and
fresh eggs and chickens that they
wanted-not at the whim of a grocer
The Hattiesburg news. (Hattiesburg, Miss.) 1908-1917, 1913-07-15

CalOmel, CalOme1, you
cannot stay for LIV-
VER.LAX has shOwn us
an easier way, ask Owl
Drug Co.
The Hattiesburg news. (Hattiesburg, Miss.) 1908-1917, 1913-07-15

Buy 1t now. Chamberlain's Collie,
Cholera and Diarrhoea Remedy is al
most certain to be needed before the
summer is over. Buy 1t row and be
prepared for such an emergency. For
sale by all dealers.
The Hattiesburg news. (Hattiesburg, Miss.) 1908-1917, 1913-07-15

Dysentery is always serious and
ten a dangerous disease. but It ca
cured. Chamberlain's Collie, Chc
and Diarrhoea Remedy has cure
even when malignant and epide
For sale by all dealers.
The Hattiesburg news. (Hattiesburg, Miss.) 1908-1917, 1913-07-15
CHANGE OF SCHEDULE
ON G. & S. |. r. r..

Commencing Sunday, July 18th. Co.
ing North.
G. & S. I. Train No. 4, now leaving
at II a. M, will leave at 9;25 a. m.
Train No. 6, now leaving at 1925 p. m &,
will leave at Sis p. m.
J. H. Brown, Gen. Pass Agt.