davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1913-12-22
INITIAL

Later Il law was passed which per
mittcd mutual insurance companies
against fire. This was further extended
by other laws permitting insurance
against loss of cattle. loss by hail and
accidents to farm laborers. These in
suramcc laws. by decreasing the farmers
risks. helped to keep him on the land
These insurance companies not only ben
cntcd their members. but secured for the
large private insurance companies q
good class of business without the eX
penSe of agents. and a large part OF
which they would never have been able
to Get otherwise. .i q:
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1913-12-22
.PARR WOULD BE SENATOR
.DINAL COUNTY STOCKMAN WISH
rs TO SUCCEED WILLACH. WHO
Is GTEBRNATORIAL CANDl-
DATE.

Corpus Christi. Tex. Dee. 9-Archle
Parr. stockman of Duval county today
authorized the Announcement that he
will be a candidate in the July primar-
ics for state Senator from the Twenty
eighth District to succeed John G..
Willacv Of Portland. who has ANNOUNCE
ed for Governor. Mr.. Parr was born
on Matagorda Island and for the past
thirty wears he has made his home In
Duval County.
Walter +. Timon. County Judge of
NucccS county. has announced that he
NAV make the race for either Senator or
for Congress. in the latter case oppos-
inc John n. Garner. Judge Timon il
now serving his fifth term rs County
Judge.
Pat +. Dunn of this city today an
n0unced that he will be Il candidate for
reelection as state Representative from
the Nincty-fourth District. which com
prises NucceS, Arkansas. San Patrlco
and Duval counties. I'm the last two
elections he had 10 opposition.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1913-12-22
GENERAL DISCUSSION FOLLOWS

At the conclusion of this address. the
Hon. Calvin j. HusOn took the chair and
a general discussion followed. In i
short address. the Hon. VIM. Church Os-
born stated that i'll his opinion the time
has arrived when constructive legislation
would be fayOrably considered by the
people of the state. and that two mann
kinds Of legislation should be pressed
al this time: namely. the creation OF
Markets Departments in the munlclpall-
ties to supervise food distribution. and
the establishment of land mortgage banks
for. fong-timc farm loans. TO give effect
t. the first Of these suggestions, Il com
mittce for the Greater New York, with
power to act. was appointed by the chair
a. follows: Fred II. Allen. chairman
Hon. VIM. Church Osborn. Hon. Oscar
IStranS. Mrs. Julian T.. Heath and Bar
ley Il. Burritt.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1913-12-22

Let me cite a wonderful example OF
efficiency in handling this product III u
in. Italy. Turin is 4 city Of 4OOOoo IN
hahitants. 1t is situated i'll the center
of a plain. The city has been divided
into ouadrantS extending out into the
country. The dairymcn in each quadrant
have formed cooperative societies and
supplied their particular part OF the city,
with the result that milk is sold in Turin
at the retail store at 1 cents a quart. the
cost of distributing being cent. Each
quadrant in the city has a number OF DIS
~tributing centerS. and the corresponding
quadrant in the country has a number OF
collecting ccnters. | do not claim tina
milk could be sold in New York 1T MS
figure. but reductions could he made.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1913-12-22
CITRUS FRUIT GROWERS FED
ERATE.

Another striking illustration is that Of
the citrus fruit growers federation OF
Valencia i'll Spain. 4 cooperative combln
alton Of the producers "Syndlcats for
the Standardization. packing. shipment
and marketing Of their products. When
the federation was first formed It's mann
companies demanded proper accom-
mediation and freight rates. They were
resisted at the start. but by bringing
pressure from the Government to bear
upon the transportation companies they
succeeded. They next established re-
c%eiving stations throughout the country
where the fruit was collected and packed
under The direction Of their own in>pcc-
tors. They also sent agents 70 London
Amsterdam. Hamburg and Odessa. whose
duty il was to keep track of the market
and advise the central office IN Nalcncli
Of the quantity Of fruit that it would he
safe to ship to each. When the fruit
arrived these agents attended To It's sell
inc at public auction and looked after the
general interests of the federation III the
foreign markets.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1913-12-22
THE SIDE

Turning Eow to the side OF TN" con
sinners. the most striking example Of the
co-operativev organization OF conSulner
il found in the cooperative stores OF Inc
Tnitd Kingdom of Great Britain u
fifth Of the population Of which purchases
nj these stores. In 1910 nearly 's1'N-oOo
OOG worth of business was done by IN"
co-operative Wholesale Society Of Lon
don: ST. 0 1000 worth Of butter. eggs and
bacon was imported from Denmark alone
and about one-third rs much from m
United States. Besides keeping the IN
dependent dealers prices down which was
their principal object. they have been able
70 Give their members Il rebate OF some
thing like 10 per cent. on the cost @
their purchases.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1913-12-22

that these associations are purely CO.
operative, and in this state have out
standing loans amounting to 100000, 600.
Mr.. John j. Dillon called the attcn-
ton Of the conference to a bill creating
a land bank. introduced at the last SEES
sion of the legislature. and which had
not been passed on account Of the need
for further Investigation. particularly
bv the State Banking Commission. Mr..
Leonard Robinson stated that the Jewish
Agricultural and Industrial Aid Society
had been making longtime farm land
loans on the European land bank system
for u years. as well as short time loans
Nv means Of credit unions. which the so
ciety has been instrumental in forming
in this State.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1913-12-22
COMMITTEE TO CONSIDER RURAL
Ed

I'm order to consider the whole subject
of rural credits. the following committee
was appointed: RObt. B. Van C%ortlandt.
chairman: Mare W. Cole, W. y. Giles,
John j. Dillon, Prof. w. A. Stocking.
The need for an organization to study
marketing for the balance of the state
outside of the Greater New York was OK
pressed by Mr.. Fred IL. Allen. Mr..
Geo. W. Sisson, Jr., President of the
New York State Agricultural Society,
energetically called attention to the fact
that for two years the State Agricultural
Society has been dcvoting its meetings
10 j discussion Of the subjects under con
SideratiOn. and that the society y the
logical organization to carry on the work
Of markcS agitation in the state. lie
also very pcrtincntly pointed out that me
state il suffering from a plethora Oh OF
CARNATIONS If this character already. and
that what is urgently needed is co-opera-
ton between existing organizations. IA
than the creation of new ones. Mr.. Ezra
4. futile. representing the New York
State Vegetable Growers Association.
stated that this body is ready to cooper
ate. and that the New York State Grange
has Il s,lndinC committee on cooperation
and has officially adopted the principal
of cooperative organization, and that pro
|bahly the National Grange. now meeting
at Manchester. n. H.. would consider
the subject as Il chief topic for discussion.
Mr.. futile stated. however. that the or
ganization of producers cooperative SO
ciet:eS in this State would avail nothing
unless at the same time organization II
perfected among producers of other states
that mainly contribute to the FOOD supply
of the cities of the State. and that even
the producers organizations would be
HELPLESS unless the markets are opened
Ia the cooperative producers O%rganlza
tions through the cooperation OF the
consumers cooperative societies and
municipal authorities. the one furnishing
power. and the other stringent super
vision and regulation III the terminal
market system to be created.
OBSERVATIONS BY MR.. STRAUS
Mr.. Oscar StrauS gave the conference
the benefit Of his observations of the co
operative movement in Europe. particu-
larlv in England. where. rs the guest OF
Earl GRAY. he was able to study exam
pIcS of cooperative distribution. which
has attained dimensions III
England. Mr.. StrauS warned the con
fcrccs against c0mmcrcializcd. fraudu-
lent or spurious cooperation. as coop
~crativc and other forms Of business
should not be confused or intcrmingled.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1913-12-22
FRANCE INTERESTING OBJECT
LESSON

One Of the most interesting countries
from this point of view that we visited
was France. The rapid development OF
the business side Of agriculture in France
has only taken place within the last ten
or twelve wears. Some years previously
the overnmcnt passed 4 law permitting
the formation of what is called "Svndi-
eats Agricolcs," which permitted the
farmers Of France to combine into ASSOC
Citations for the collective purchasing Of
supplies. sale of their products and CD
Grafton of their business.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1913-12-22
SYNDICATS BRING FARMERS TO
GETIIER.

The law further contemplated that the
formation Of these "SyndicatS" would
bring the farmers together for the nc
quiring Of better information in regard
to agriculture and the general moral up
lift of the farmer. Under it the farmers
combined with the result that they
were able to purchase fertilizers, by pur
chasing wholesale. at about Onc-half the
price which they had formerly paid the
dealers and of better quality: that they
were able to buy expansive implements
which no one Of them could perhaps af-
ford to get. which they used i'll common
and it taught them TO cooperate.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1913-12-22
ESTABLISHING 4 SERVICE.

They were also enabled to establish
several departments for rndring service
to their mmberS which individuals would
never have been able to afford. For in
stance. one community Of 400 people. own
ing Il total of $500 acres farms averag-
ing ; a%creS). put i'll an electric power
plant which has reduced the cost of their
mechanical operations by at least y per
cent. They use the electric power for
thrashing. operating mills, cutting cattle
feed and lighting their houses by cleo
%tricitv. The price of this power is from
/ to 6 cents per horse power hour, where
AZ the same sort Of service furnished by
private concerns is from 10 TO l. cents.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1913-12-22

WHAT COOPERATION HAS DONE.
An illustration of what cooperation
has done toward increasing the profits
of producers of milk is shown by thu
experience Of a cooperative society Q
milk producers who were receiving the
r%idiculouSly low pric Of | 10 to > cents
per quart for their milk before they con
bincd; 152 Of them combined to sell then
milk collectively to another distributing
company in Paris, the Union DIES Crcm
cries" They now received 3 4 10 cents
per quart in summer and $40 in winter
delivered ut the railroad terminals in
Paris.
Another cooperative society. covering
the four provinces of Nantes. Tours. Ii
m0geS and Bordeaux. has so 600 members
y butter factories and over 2O5 900 cows
They produce nearly 34.O00.O00 pounds OF
butter per year. which is sold at al aver
age price of y - cents per pound II
their factories. and from which they re
ceive an annual income of -, 80 600. The
skinned milk il returned to the farmers
and is valued at 10 Of a cent per quart
The average price Of the milk is > ole
cents per quart. to which must be added
10 of a cent value for the skinned
mix. which brings the net price to the
producer up 10 ; 3l-1G0 cents per quart
The total annual income il thus brought
to 80, LOG. 600. The Mag2i Company. to
which | have already referred. rctailS its
butter at from % to 10 cents per pound.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1913-12-22
FORMING RURAL CREDIT so
CTETTES

Then Il law was passed permitting the
formation of rural credit societies, and
these societies. within the last 10 or l.
wears. have taken a large extension, very
greatly cutting the cost of interest TO the
farmer and very much simplifying his
credit oDerations. So hat lie see the
cost of food production on the farm enor-
mouslv decreasd by the leSSened cost OF
S~TDpIics of all kinds needed for the farm
and Of money loaned to the farmer. which
naturally is a part Of the cost price OF
the articles produced.
SUPPORT FROM FRENCH STATES
MEN.
As a question of national benefit,
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1913-12-22

.reat number of the best statesmen in
france have given their support to the
gradual evolution of the French laws
which have helped to bring these benefits
about. and the benefits are. that as The
farmer has been able to make bigger pro
fit from his farm he has not abandoned il.
and a larger population has given itself
to farm work. Moreover. the better re
turns have helped to make better com
m.niIfes, so that there is a moral as well
as Il ,fin;/ tial aspect to the whole ques-
ton.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1913-12-22
PARIS COMPANY REDUCES COST

Paris is an illustration Of a great CITY
where a large company. The Magei Con-
.panv. has reduced costs by effective bust
ness methods. This company Is based
more on the lines of one of our large IN
dustrial companies and not on coopera-
tive lines. as in the case Of Turin. 1t has
over 100 dcpots for its milk in Paris. and
has numerous collection stations through
out the country. They sell their milk to
anyone coming to the depot to buy at {
cents a quart in summer and Z cents
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1913-12-22

In Spain the rapid development Of
the automobile trade has noticeably re
dnccd the number Of horse drawn We
hiclcs used by the well to do and cOnsc-
quetIy has materially affected the i'm
portant coach building industry of Val
cncia. Several large builders affirm
that orders are now seldom received for
open victorias. b%roughams. landaulcts.
etc.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1913-12-22

Besides this. and further diminishing
the cost to the farmer, is the formation
Of selling societies. AS an illustration.
there has been formed III Brittany Il sell
ing society for Strawberries to be sol
on the London markt. These strawber-
ries are collected from hundreds Of far
mcrs bv means of collecting organizations
standardized and shipped in Shipload lots
from Brcst to Southampton for London
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1913-12-22

The plan Of work. in accordance with
which this committee was instructed 10
proceed. is that Of inviting organization
and associations in the Greater City. as
well as individuals interested i'll market
reform. to cooperate with the committee
to form a city-wide League to execute Il
comprehensive plan for establishing y
market system.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1913-12-22

On the basis Of these figures, the waste III
distributing this one commodity IL
Rochester alone is estimated 1T T00O,O0o
per wear. or 500 per capita. which =
nearly > ID cents for each quart OF milk
consumed. This results from the pieNclI
800 miles to serve the same customers
method Of competitive delivery ana as
scmbling. which results in q tremendous
duplication and unnecessary expense.
The average price today of bottle;
milk in New York to houScholdcrS Is ten
cents il quart. Roughly. the farmer re
ccivcS 3 IL cents. Out of this 10 cents IL
railroad a IL cent. Probably III New
York City the waste cost Of distribution
which in Rochester has been shown TO be
- - cents. runS up to J cents; tllr'
there is the cost Of bOttllng. loss by
brcakage of bottles. expense OF dealer
for rents and other items OF expense, !
ccther with the profit made by them.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1913-12-22
FARM LAND CREDIT ABROAD.

Before the appointment of the com
|mittec to study the question Of land
mortgage banks, Mr.. Robt. b. Van Cort-
Ilandt. Of the American Commission. made
an admirable address on farm land credit
abroad. Mr.. Edwin F. Howell. Dfrc-
%|scntina the New York State League of
Savings and Loan Associations stated
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1913-12-22
WHAT IMPRESSED MOST.

! think that what impressed the mem
berS Of the Amcricon Commission most.
on Their extended tour, and what has
been of most advantage TO both the far
mcr and the consumer in those countries,
has been the extension Of business prin-
ciplcS to agriculture. The farmers have
learned team play.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1913-12-22

The excessive expense Of getting these
food products from the producer to the
consumer is largely responsible Tor the
hioh cost of living. This fact has been
brought out repeatedly and proven by al!
the Investigations that have been made
Of the subject. The several items OF
expense have been segregated and the
ones which are responsible for this high
cost in the greatest degree have been
clarIy shown in the reports Of the several
commissions appointed by the state and
City of New York to study the subject
The Markets Commission, which publish
pl It's report about a wear ago; the New
York State Food Investigating COmml
sion. which has Just completed its report.
a sub committee of which showed the pro
portion Of the consumers dollar that Is
represented by transportation OF farm
produce from the place where II
il grown to the terminals in the
cities by the railroads. to be 4 surprlS
ingly small proportion Of the expense lie
rs take an illustration in that case OF
milk. The railroad cost represents II
cent 4 quart per 100 miles. An indie"
dent invcstiation in the city Of RochcSt"r
II tvpical manufacturing center. brought
out these facts: Under the present meth
DDS Of distributing milk in that city.
and which applies to most of the cltlcS III
our State. 301 wagons are used, travelling
4 total Of $500 miles daily involving Il
cost Of about $1,000 per day. Under 2
well oranizcd system "a delivery trucks
would do the same work at 4 cost OF y
per day and would have TO travel only
method Of competitive delivery ana as
Scmhling. which results in 4 tremendous
duplication and unnecessary expense.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1913-12-22

In an address throwing open the con
ference TO general discussion, Mr.. Allen
called attention to the pressing needs OF
the people of the State for relief from
the high cost Of living. and showed what
Europe is doing to lessen or mitigate the
causes of rising prices. Mr. Aliens adj
dress was as follows:
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1913-12-22

In Europe one Of the greatest factors in
reducing the cost to the consumer and
the risk Of marketing to the producer is
the establishment Of public markets. and
our municipalities can do no better M"
for their citizens than to bring about
the establishment of such markets under
municipal control.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1913-12-22

country as il i in Europe. The parties
to bring about this systematic diStribu-
ton would be entitled to the saving in
the proportion to which they contribute
to it.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1913-12-22
MINISTRY PROFITED.

Immediately the price to the producers
went up. and the citrus fruit industry h'-
came profitable. \ wear ago Il Spcclal
agreement was entered into between tht
producers as to prices which should pre-
vail during the season for tlrNt. second
and third Grade fruit. and Il new agree
mcnt has been entered into for the pres
ent season. the prices being fixed IT II 10
10 - - for first class. Sl.3J to 81 80
for second. and 30 cents to Tl.D Tor
third class (n0 oranges to be less thar
two inches III diamctcr). These prices
are per thousand to the producer 1T the
farm. Lemon growers have received as
high as 81 90 per 100 pounds, and the Y"
profits of the citrus fruit growers average
from I per cent to IL pc cent. annually.
SELLING SPANISH ORANGES.
Acre oranges arc % n III Span man
~ ;hr United States. and as the Ocea'
freight rate is only $500 per ton OF ~
cubic feet. and'the new duty on oranges
has l,rcn reduced to 10 500 per cent and
that ON lemons to Il 300 per cent Of The
value. we ought to begin to enjoy direct
imports from Spin.a Oranges at WASH
inoton are now selling at $40 per Don
containing 1o6 to 200 oranges. which L
equivalent TO SIS. 90 I'd $50 90 per thonS-
and. and the prices are still higher III
New York. Oranges that bring the span
ish producer $2.35 may cost 10 cents more
for handling, -. 90 for freight and N2.4'
for duty. and should reach the dock II
\ew York with a value of $40 per thod-
sand as against $1S.0 % TO $50. which
wc are now paving.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1913-12-22
ing The Machinery Necessary To Introduction OF European
Methods OfCo-Operaton, And Lessening
Cost OF Living.

winter. They guarantee the hcalthful-
ness of their milk. and use all the modern
and sanitary methods Of inspection.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1913-12-22
ADDRESS OF MIR. FREDERICK III
r. EN-

ALLEN.
The high cost Of the necessities of life.
particularly food products. is uppermost
in the minds of the whole American PEG
pie. It's solution is the question Of the
day.
What are the elements that make III
the cost to the consumer in our cities?
They are the cost of production on the
farm. the cost Of transportation from
the farm ii the railroad terminals III the
city, the cost of handling by the whole
Salcr. iobbcr and retailer and the profits
taken by them. added to the final cost O
distribution. Out of the dollar paid by
the consumer it has been estimated that
in a large majority Of different farm
products bought by the consumer the far
mcr does not receive in this country more
than - cents of the final dollar paid.
that the agents Of distribution receive the
other 90 cnts. In Europe one may state
as Il general proposition that these f
urcS are reversed, the farmer getting e.
cntS out of the dollar and the people
handling the prodncc - cents.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1913-10-23
QUESTIONS DETAILS OF
KEOKUK SKULL FIND
Former Mayor Of Ottawa, kans. Has
Different Recollection From
Accepted One.

In a newspaper dispatch sent out
from Ottawa, Kansas, former mayor,
Dr. Frank o. Hetrick is quoted as say
ing that the skull of Chief Keokuk
was not found in white mans lodge,
but In a dental office. He was stu
dent in the office Of DR.. Newton,
pioneer of Ottawa and an eccentric
Character. He had skull in his use
and said 1t was that of an Indian chief
whose bones had been buried near
there. DIR. Hetrick thinks the skull
was secured from him rather than in a
lodge.
The statement is given little cred
ence or notice here. In the records oil
Judge Davis, whose truth or accuracy
can not be doubted, he says the Skull
was found in use in lodge room. The
Kansas man is undoubtedly mistaken
IN his assumption.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1913-10-23
SEND OFF BAR
RESOLUTIONS TONIGHT
twenty-five Names on Petition to
President Wilson, Signed by
Local Lawyers.

A petition to President Wilson,
signed by twenty-five members of the
Keokuk bar protesting against the
resolutions adopted by the w. c. 7.
u, against John e. Craig, will be sent
off tonight. The resolutions say the
w. C. T. U. resolution is unfair,
uncalied for, and untrue and that
the members earnestly protest
against the attempt of the w. G. I.
u. to cast reflections upon the charac-
ter Of brother member of the bar
C. J. Smith, secretary OF the II
brary board, and G. M. Hart have re-
ceived answers from Secretary Tum'
ulty, saying that their kilograms had
been received and referred to the at
torney general.