Arizona republican., 1913-05-05

roses. The disease is due to d fun gus. a parasitic plan growth. which is prevalent in the early part of the season, causing the tender leaves and terminal shoots of the rose to become curIed and stunted and. GOV cred with Whitish, poWder-like spore stalks and spores Conditions which tend to increase the atmospheric hu- midity. such as cloudy or rainy weather too close planting, and un- necessary irrigation and watering, favor the development of the fungus
 A few weeks after the roses being their spring growth the midew disap- pears and rarely becomes trouble some again during the season
 "Spraying for aphis The rose aphis may he controlled by spraying with several insecticides among which are (il nicotine extract and soap, @ whale oil soap and (3) common laun- dry soap. These are listed in the or der of preference. Black Leaf 40," "NikOteen.'' and To -bacine" are trade names for three of the best known concentrated tobacco extracts. The first named is used in Arizona as a sheep dip and is consequently more easily obtainable than other brands. I. is guaranteed to contain 40 per cent nicotine and is retaiIed in gallon cans at $12.50 and in half pint cans at S5 cents While "Black Leaf 40" is especially mentioned herein, other brands of concentrated nicotine of equal strength may be substituted in the recommendation which follow. A teaspoonful of this concentrated nicotine compound is sufficient for one gallon of spray. Soap should be used with the Black Leaf 40" at the rate of one-half ounce in one gallon of the spray. This is not primarily for the insecticidal value of the soap, but for the purpose of giving the spray better penetrating and sticking properties. Whale oil soap. hard laundry soap, or one of the soap powders Gold Dust. Pearline. etc. may be used in the forego-
 ing spray mixeture The first is the more effective, but has the dsad- vantage of an unpleasant odor The soap should te dissolved in a small quantity of hot water, after which
 sufficient water is added to make one
 
 of Black Leaf 40" This insectcide
 is not always mediate in it's effects.
 but the thoroughness of the work can be judged tWenty-four hours af- ter the application is made. When whale oil soap is used alone, two ounces should be used in a gallon of water and when laundry soap or soap powders are used three or four ounces should he used in a gallon of water. Spraying for mildeW. As pre- ventative of rose mildeW, spraying with a solution of potassium sul- phide or liver of sulphur is recom- mended This should be done as soon as any trace of the mildeW IS discovered The potassium sulphide l is dissolved in water at the rate of one-half ounce in a gallon. The spray should be finely distributed 1 over the foliage This spray de teriorates after it is prepared and, therefore, only freshly made solu- tions should be used. This fungicide
 does not undo injury accomplished
 before the spray is applied but mere 1 ly checks the spread of the fungus. 1 This result is in proportion to the | tn0fOUGn0eSS
 Combination spraying: When 1t is
 desired to spray for both the aphis and the mildeW at one time, the in 1 secticide and fungicide may be com | bined The spray in this case will
 contain one teaspoonful of Black l Leaf 40." one-half ounce of soap and one-half ounce of potassium sulphide. l in one gallon of water If soap alone | is used against the insects, two to | four ounces should be used instead of 1 the nicotine solution and soap com l bination. Where the saving in time l and expense is no object, it is pre- ferable to make separate applications, l spraying for the insects first and for
 the mildew a few hours later.
 Garden spraYers In combating insect pests and plant diseases it is
 as important to apply the spray prop erly as it is to use the proper in secticides and fungicides. In spray l ing rose bushes for aphis, the small 1 hand spravers of the atomiZer type, costing as a rule 50 to i5 cents, are,
 unfortunately, rather unsatisfactory | They do not have sufficient force to 1 the spray and are not adapted to
 reaching all parts of the plant, par ticularIy the under surfaces of the 1 leaves. For use against the mildeW i disease these cheap sprayers are per haps little more effective, since force is not necessary in this case
 For a garden sprayer, particularly l for spraying both insecticides and
 fungicides. either bucket" a com pressed air. or "knapsack' sprayer 1 is recommended. These cost from ! S35O to $15.0O for complete outfits. 1 For small gardens the 'bucket pumps are especially recommended on account of their comparative cheap ness The equipment needed consists of two feet of 3-S inch rubber hose 1 a three foot extension rod and nOz- gle adapted throw spray at right angles to the extension, enabling the i operator to reach all parts of the | plant The extension rod should, pre- | ferably. be of aluminium This costs ! twenty five cents a foot, but gives far greater satisfaction than the heavy
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