davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-12-14

articles. Because all parcel post articles
are eliminated from the registered mail.
this insurance feature holds out to the
merchant carrying on a large mail order
business the only possible means of guar
antee against loss.
The country merchant as well as the
city dealer reaps a harvest Of increased
business from the parcel post. The cry
that his city competitor would crowd the
rural storelleeper out of business is giving
way to a cry of JOY from the country
merchant, who begins to realize that he
has the advantage over his county seat
and city competitors. because the zone
rates for computing postage enable him
to send the same goods 10 his neighbor-
ing customers by lower rate than that
paid by the storekeeper in the county
seat And the country merchant has a
double advantage over the city dealer in
that every inch of the distance to his
rural patrons adds pennies to the latter's
stamp bill. Rural free delivery routes
provide the country merchant new means
for the distribution Of advertisements, and
modern methods for creating efficiency in
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-12-14

away customer c. o. ID. he is subject
to no more expense tnan if he We're SELL
ing goods over his counter. The fees for
c. Q. d. transportation are so small
10 cents irrespective OF the value of the
artlcle-that the convenience given the
customer Is a consideration more than
outweighing the extra expense incurred.
BY the payment of the c. 0. d. fee the
article is also insured against loss to
the equivalent Of its declared value.
Such aids to service are one of the mer-
chants chief concerns, for by them he ac-
commodities his customers and helps
both himself and his business.
This G. O. ID. element OF Uncle Sans
youngest enterprise is a greater boon
to the business man than the insurance
feature, which has been coexistent with
the parcel post from the day OF its De-
ginning. While ii is distinct advantage
to be Unidentified against loss when
sending parcels through the mails, the
possibility of loss in the postal service
is so slight that one regards the in
Surance fee more as an extraordinary
safeguard than as an absolute protec-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-12-14

through any branch of the delivery serv-
ice. be ii rural. star or city route.
Firms are enabled not only to send
their articles directly to the homes OF
out-of-the-way purchasers, but also to
send them upon the same terms which
they allow to their city clientele. And
the additional convenience OF collect
on delivery service is now offered with
the parcel post. BY using the new c. o.
d. tags business men in all lines of
industry can ill orders customers
upon the receipt of their letters and mail
goods without hrst receiving the Gus
toner's money order to cover expense
Yet these firms are protected and as
sJIred Of the amount due them.
Uncle Sam attends 10 that. All IF the
work of collecting and forwarding this
money is done ~ the mail carriers and
the postmasters. The merchant not only
gets the cost of the goods which he has
sold, but he can also include in the
amount due him the cost of the transpor-
tation of the article and the money order
fee. When he ships an order .to far
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-12-14

The Department OF Commerce has
recently taken possession of a new eleven
story building within sight of the White
House. and when Secretary Red-ield
moved his portfolio was chockful of new
Ideas.
For example. commercial attaches for
our embassies and legations abroad are
Included in his estimates, just submitted
to Congress. For years we have main
tained at foreign capitals military and
naval attaches, instructed to collect in
formation concerning the war strength
and war inventions of sister countries.
Secretary Red1icld thinks that CONNER
cial attaches commissioned to collect in
formation needed by the American bust
ness man are as vitality needed. They
will be attached TO our embassies and
legations in fourteen countries of the
world Although accredited by the State
Department they will be selected and
supervised by the Department of Com
-nerce. and will receive from 81 OOO to
5000 year. besides clerical assistance
and travelling expenses.
Another innovation to benefit our bust
ness man viii be the opening in the prin-
cipal commercial cities Of the United
States Of branch offices of his depart
snents new bureau of foreign and do
nestle commerce The branch office in
New York has already opened. and
others at Chicago, San Francisco and
New Orleans are being organized. Each
will be a federal bureau of information
Tor business men, and will be in charge
OF a trained commercial agent. He will
have on tap a complete set of all the
" by
new commercial attaches, also samples,
plans. specifications and trade announce
ments from our consulS showing trade
openings and business opportunities
abroad as well as a raft Of information
gathered at home. These Offices will
save much time now expended by bust
ness men In correspondence TO and from
the central bureau in Washington. Two
weeks will be saved TO the trade on the
Pacific coast, and about q week TO that
on the gulf.
II you wish TO advertise in any city
OF the world. the bureau of foreign and
Offices. win be able to give you a list
and description of the newspapers and
other journals of that city. 1t is just
putting through the press new news
paper directory OF the world. whose proof
sheets / was permitted to inspect. II
will give a description. the circulation
and advertising rates of every paper IN
cluded.
Or. ii you desire to do business with any
established firm in the world or to learn,
for example. the names and addresses OF
ali people engaged in q certain line OF
business in any locality, whether it be in
Senegambia or in Swat, you will find in
valuable a trade directory of the entire
world which this bureau has lately COM
piled for this purpose. 1t is an enormous
volume OF !. 1S2 pages. To test II I turned
70 plnta Arenas. the most isolated and
the Southernmost town of earth which
les almost az the entrance OF the Straits
Of Magellan through which ships pass
around the Horn" There was a two
page list Of the shopkeepers and business
men OF that last jumping-off place OF
man.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-12-14
MILLS. u. S. A., is TRAINING 100000 CITIZEN

ideas OF what sort of a military force
should be maintained in the guise or Or
ganiZed militia.
The war of 1898 showed up the defects
of our military system in a giaring fash
ion. This resulted in the passage of the
new militia law of 1893. known as the
Dick bill. really organizing the militia
force BY this act larger federal assist
ance was given to the militia of the states
and a larger measure of military ETH
cheney required of those forces in re-
turn for that aid.
In 1908 the law was amended and I'M
proved. A national militia board, con-
sisting of militia officers appointed by
the Secretary of War. was authorized to
advise with the War Department on mi
litia affairs. And also the division of mi
litia affairs in the War Department was
created to handle the subject.
It is this division which Brig. Gen.
tlbert L. Mills now heads.
Federal aid is now extended to the or
ganized militia or National Guards of
the various states to the extent of about
So 100000 year. OF this about 81, 500 0,vJ
is expended for arms, equipment camp
purposes and maneuvers. about 100000
for the promotion of rifle practice. some
thing like $500 600 for ammunition anc
more than ST 900, 90 for supplies
The result of the new laws has been
closer and more intimate relation with
he regular army. to make it more uni
form in organization. discipline and
Equipment and to establish standards OF
Efficiency, to which all clemens are work
ing.
The law of 1903 gave the President
authority to use the National Guard any
where, in or out Of the country, at need.
The Attorney General of the United
States. in previous administration, held
stitution for the President to attempt to
use the force beyond the borders OF the
United States. That opinion has been
disputed. The National Guard itself is
behind movement to clear I'D all OBJ
jections and to make certain the power
of the President to use the National
Guard anywhere.
COtemporaneous with this movement
is one to have the federal government, in
exchange for increased military efficiency
on the part of the National Guard, grant
annual pay in certain relatively small
amounts to officers and men Of the Ma
tional Guard. Bills for these purposes
are pending in Congress.
The division of militia affairs is housed
in a rented building at the northwest
corner Of 18th street and Pennsylvania
avenue. facing the huge State. War and
Navy building. Gen. Nils has his Of
flee in the corner room on the second
floor. 1t Is a businesSlike-looling office,
simple to the verge of plainness in its
furnishings.
+
u !.
Gen. Mills himself, in his erect carriage,
grizzled hair. stiff, gray. military mus
tache. firm Jaw and strongly lined mouth,
is the ideal soldier. In speech he Is
careful and deliberate. in action sure.
determined rapid. "A strong character
is the estimate of the observer. 1t is a
correct estimate. One knows, without
the study of his life and habit of thought
that demonstrates the correctness of the
theory, that he Is man of high ideals.
spotless life and simple creed Of right
and wrong
why do We have an organized mill
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-12-14

trained citizens into the field at the pc
ginning. The resulting loss OF NE,
largely because of the ignorance OF now
has been shocking. The financial less
in prolongation OF the war. in temporary
setbacks, in expense of improvisins
field armies from nothing. In pension
rolls, has been S.upendous Luck VI
preparedness was the cause -
The battle OF Lexington. say mill
tary experts. was the most cosby pat
tie ever fought by Americans; 1t maze
our people believe that military train-
ing was not essential to cope with
regulars"
Had the Union force at the first Bull
Run been composed of trained men In
stead of raw levies the civil war would
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-12-14
PARCEL Posi- ASSERTING
ROOM In BIG CITY RoST OFFICE.

each of the great foreign capitals for
eIgn bureau headed by one of the new
commercial attaches.
Even our business men whose. interests
do not reach beyond the seas are being
benefited by this commercial bureau S
activities, especially those being devoted
to learning the difference in the cost of
producing American-made and foreign
made materia S-a function which this Of
nce has inherited from the former tariff
board. Indeed. our business men gen.
orally, whether in the foreign trade or
not, are constantly profiting by the bu-
reau'S newly gathered information con-
corning scientific factory planning, or
ganization of commercial bodies and so
on.
New facts of value to our business man
are being CLEANED also by two olde goV-
eminent institutions that have now be
come bureaus OF the Department OF Com
merce- These are the bureau of stand
ards and the census bureau
That our shippers are losing heavily be-
cause of Inaccuracies in the railway
scales which weigh their goods was re-
Gently learned by DR.. Samuel W. STRAIT
ton. director of the bureau of standards
So at one of his laboratories he has
had designed ingenious test car
loaded with 10000 pounds OF accurately
adjusted weights and other new mech
anism: This standard car is being
hauled over our railways and placel
upon their freight scales. to correct them.
Over two billion dollars OF shippers
money are being annually collected by
railways on the basis of these scales
ratings, and hitherto there has been no
systematic inspection guaranteeing cor
rect weight. This Investigation bv he
bureau thus far indicates what DIR. st at
ton terms a deplorable condition of these
scales.
When the business man wants to pur-
chase paper, ink, rubber, paints. cements,
stone. lime such materials in large
quantities it is of value to him to specify
a certain standard of quality. This tu-
reau is now develop ng these S.and3r Is.
as we'll as standards of color, stan 1ards
of composition of metals and standards
for all kinds Of weights and measures.
Our business man IS promised some
valuable aid also by William j. Harris,
the new director of the census. He tells
me that he will reorganize his bureau so
as to concentrate its efforts on its more
important invest cations, with the result
that reports on our great industries will
come out more promptly.
In canvassing new regions for making
sales dealers in farm implements will be
better guided by THESE prompt reports
ON the number and value of farms. live
stock and crops in different regions. Our
grain exchanges will. likewise, va ue
prompter crop reports, and our adver-
Users of all sorts of goods needed by
farmers will be benefited by earlier in
showing the regions where our
are the most prosperous and
where the crops are the largest. Others
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-12-14

have been ended in three MONTHS say
other students of military affairs and
military history.
Preparedness, then, Is the aim and pur-
pose of the military authorities Of the
United States. They are trying. SO far as
Congress and public opinion will permit,
to profit by the awful lessons of the past.
They are. trying to make the regular
army a perfect military force and to
make the National Guard, otherwise the
organized militia, just as Well trained as
any body of citizen soldiers can be train
cd. Results are being achieved.
There has been All organized militia OF
sorts ever since this became constitu-
tional republic. The organizing of 1t ever
has been in the hands OF the states. how
ever. and the states have had varying
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-12-14
CIiNeo'NST g

who will profit by these reforms are our
investment bankers, who depend on the
census bureau for information on the
financial condition of the people of GER
tain sections. Everywhere our business
men depend on the manufactures divis on
of the census bureau to learn exact con-
ditions in oui big industries.
The greatest benefaction Uncle Sam
has yet extended to the business man is
that newest feature of the postal service,
the parcel post Large firms and small
firms are reaping from 1t benefits hither =
to acquired only through q needless X
penditaIre of money and convenien ce
The patronage of a great city depa TT
ment store. by this innovation in the
postal system, now extends to limits
never reached when the express compa-
MES were our sole means OF transporIa-
ton Before the Inauguration of the parcel
post no means were available for send
ing parcels directly to customers living
miles away from railroads The local
express office was the nearest point that
could be reached, and that was often
many miles away.
Now a prompt daily service connects
the city stores, laundries. bakeries and
markets with every home situated on u
rural mail route. In other words, the
merchant includes as possible patrons all
citizens of the United States accessible
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-12-14
NEW AND CLEVER EN1TE,lR[E
Organized

Has Organized a
Whole New Depart
ment for the Business
Mans Benefit Com
mercial Attaches to Be
Accredited to Our En-
bassies = Will Send
Reams of Information
to a Free Commercial
Agency With Branches
in Principal Cities-Is
Compiling for Adver-
tisers a Newspaper Di-
rectory of Entire
World.
BY JOHN ELFRETH WATKINS.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-12-14
BRIG GEN.
w arde d Congress
sional Medal for Gal
lantry in Spanish-Amer-
lean War Superin-
tendent of West Point
for Eight Years-Aid-
ing the National Guard.

T was that blazing
hot first day of
July, 1895 Shaft
er's little army
was tearing its
way through the
tropic jung-e and
up the h G / 6 h t )
toward where lay
the Spanish rifle
men defending San
tiago de Cuba.
At what since
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-12-14

OR the business
mans b enc fit
Uncle Sam has
not only organized
the new Depart
nent of Commerce
with u cabinet Of
ticer at its head.
but has initiated
many clever new
enterprises in his
bureaus out S ! d c
that establishment.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-12-14


by his bravery and GOODNESS after be
ing shot through the head and entlreiS
without sight" That Is the notation on
the record in the War Department III
exclamation of the award of the con-
gressional medal of honor TO this
officer
~
Was he any more brave than scores
and hundreds of others who partlci-
pated in the operations at Santiago:
Probably not, but he, better than SO
many others, knew how to do the job
which the American forces had set out
TO accomplish on that day. 1t was MS
knowledge. his military skill, quite as
much as his GOODNESS and his disre-
gard of his own sufferings, that
brought him distinction.
The war carried home many lessons
to the powers that rule. one was that
modern war IS a business requiring eH-
pert operatives. 1t is a business Tor
which men must be trained ana IN
structed. A recruit in uniform ana with
a rifle is not an actual. only a potential
soldier. 4 young gentleman with
sword and commission is not neces-
sarily a military leader Modern lead
ing and modern lighting are highly
technical occupations
The government at Washington. these
lessons fresh in it's mind, concludes
that the man who had done what NILS
had done at Bloody Bend was the sort
of man needed to train future army OF
ficers.- So. advancing him to the rank
of colonel. the War Department in the
autumn of 1898, when his one remain
ing eye had healed. sent him to Wes1
70 mt as superintendent of the lines;
military academy in the world. There
he remained for eight years.
In 1904 he was advanced to the grade
of brigadier general. Now, after TWO
Il toll a
Philippines and three years CT IKE DUTY
in the Department of the Gui1. Gen.
Mills is back at his old occupation
supervising the ira ming of young Amer
leans in the business of war.
= -
But it is in larger field. Instead OF
directing the intensive training OF sew
eral hundred prospective officers of the
regular army he is In charge of the fed
eral activities that assist the National
Guards of the various states in attaining
military proficiency. Approximately no.
600 National Guardsmen are the material
with which he is working. 1t is a larger
force than the regular army
Something ingrained In the fiber of Eng
lish-speaking peoples makes them OPP
posed to the maintenance of large stand
ing armies. They ever have preferred
to put their dependence In a cltlzen sol
diery But modern conditions. the inven-
ton of intricate and powerful new en-
gines of war; the need. as revealed by
studies and experience Of military sani-
tation; the development Of new and
swift methods of transportation-all
these have changed the character Of the
soldiers business. He must know more
today than he ever knew before. The
idea of the soldier mere food tor
powder" long ago became obsolete. A.
higher training is required
Our little standing army, therefore
is today regarded more as q training
school and "A model for the larger mill
tary force that will be necessary in our
next war than AS the cOuntry's chief
land defense dependence. From the citi-
zens must come the big fighting force.
In our every war We have sent un-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-12-14

When our business men write to the bu
reau of foreign and domestic commerce
for any information which il does not
have on tap it will either send to our
commercial attaches abroad for it or. if q
matter not within their province. it will
cheerfuily tell the inquirer just where he
can obtain IL. Thus, if he wishes to write
a letter TO native of AbySsnia. he VIII
receive the address of an agency in Amer
lea which can translate 1t into the Ian
suage OF that dark empire. Or, if he
wants a debt collected in Madagascar, this
bureau will give him the names of agen-
Giles which will there attend to his bust
ness promptly. In other words. this bu
reau is a big free commercial agency
created solely for the American business
mans benefit, and he is expected to avail
himself Of every facility afforded by IT, AS
we are fast reaching a point where our
ability to produce will be greater than
our ability to consume, IL is making q
thorough search of the foreign countries
to And markets for American goods
\ dozen trade scouts are securing the
four corners of the globe TO obtain this
information. One OF them lately rode
upon a camel through tie wilds of At
RIGA to gather pointers on the cotton
textile trade of that country. He has
sent In samples, now on exhibition in our
principal cotton manufacturing centers.
Each of these scouts Is technical eX-
investigating. He is appointed upon the
recommendation OF our representative
business men engaged in the industry to
be studied. Thus. an electrical expert
is prying into foreign demands for our
electrical appliances. a chemical expert
is studying the chemical trade and OF er
experts ferreting out actual demands
abroad for each OF our products. as, for
example shoes. leather, textiles and gen.
eral machinery.
free daily newspaper for our bust
ness men IS published by the bureau of
foreign and domestic commerce. and is
being mailed to 20 600 addresses daily
Each issue contains valuable news about
trade conditions and opportunities in
every part Of the world Recent issues
which / now have before me display ar
tfcles on possibilities in the automobile
trade, markets for agricultural imple-
ments, new inventions. Forthcoming ex-
positions. new railways, new steamship
services and changes in tariff rates In
each issue Is department entitled
Trade Opportunities" w"erein you will
find inquiries from foreign merchants
desiring to buy and sell American goods
The greatest reportorial staff 10 be
found among all newspapers OF the world
Is employed by this journal This is COM
posed of $50 American consuIs scat
tered all over the earth. and the trade
scouts aforementioned act as it's travel
tng correspondents. Ii viii now have at
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-12-14

came IN he known as Bloody Benz In
the path of the American advance there
was a break i'll the foliage. Directly IN
the line of the Spanish fire il lay. And
so thick was the jungle that the ad-
yancing troops had to cross this open
space.
Unframed in warfare, many uili
even in what is now regaroed as
primary principles of combat, brave but
untaught and unprepared as Americans
ever have been in the earlier stages
OF Their wars, the new eniis,e d ol rei'
from New York and Michigan ana okia-
homa and Arizona and All the Chioii
met here the supreme test
scores fell before the enemy hfe.
What was needed most was ,n es xaat
fully few The sacrifice OF lie Went on,
for lack of knowledge to cope win an
UNEXPECTED military situation.
Albert l.. Mills. LIST United States Cav
airy holding rank as captain ana as
sistant adju amt general OF volunteers,
and attached to the stan OF Cen
Shafter. Four years at West POINT
and nineteen years as a subai .ern Of
ficer of cavalry serving in the Tar west
hard, studious, working years-unlted
with natural capacity and fitness, had
made him cool. rcSouieCio', oAiiii y :,
trained military leader he MIC" inc
business of war
1t once he began to bring order out
of chaos He showed the men how to
take cover He directed return fire.
The advance. temporarily checked, was
resumed.
Then a Spanish bullet crashed through
his head. 1t tore away one eye and
temporarily blinded the other But he
refused TO leave the spot where he was
naadQd
bloody bandage wound about his brow.
he remained and continued his work of
directing the troops as they came
along.
The scene has been perpetuated in
picture and in written description. 1t
stands out as one of the most vivid
and splendid incidents of the war OF
1895
For distinguished galIantry in &C.
ton near Santiago de Cuba, July J.