davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-07-01
TIN SOLDIER
BILLS ARE
FOUGHT
Lieutenant Declares the Measure
Would Turn Militia at Riots
Into Suicide Squads,

Atlanta military officers are up in
arms against two bills placing the
National Guard under control of civil
authorities. William S. Coburn, sec
ond lieutenant of Company K, says
he and at least ten other officers will
resign if the bills pass, and he would
not be surprised if every officer OF
the Fifth National Guard of Atlanta
walked out of the service, as well.
Adoption of the two bills would
earding to Lieutenant Coburn, con-
yer. the national guard into an IS
Aarat tin-horn soldiery," subject to
orders of judges sheGiffs and mayors.
Ia case of service during riots they
could be sent out with unloaded guns
and placed at the mercy of mobs they
ought 10 disperse, Mr.. Coburn said,
which is the same thing, he main
tanned, as converting the military
companies into suicide squads.
Civil Authority Fixed,
The two bills are known as House
Bill No. IS, introduced by Representa-
tives Ed Wohlwender, H. H. Swift
and ]. ]. Slade, of Muskogee, and G.
R. McCrory, of Schley, and House
Bill No. AS, introduced by Representa-
tives Wohlwender, Swift and Slade,
of Muskogee, and Minter Wimberly
of Bibb. House Bill No. As repeats
the act of session of 1912, which re-
pealed section 1896 of the Code of
1910. The bill re-established the au-
thority of judges, sheriffs and mayors
to call out the local militia and give
orders.
House Bills No. IS makes the mill
tia when called out by the Governor
subservient to such civil officers as
the Governor may direct.
Cites Riots at Savannah.
I'VE object to this
Lieutenant Coburn said to-day:
You may remember some years
ago. in 1902, the military was sent to
Savannah to protect prisoners. We
reported to a judge and were under
his orders. The first thing he did
was to take away our bullets. He
said he didn't want the militia to hurt
anybody. In three or four days the
rioters ascertained we had no am
munition, and they proceeded to run
over the militiamen.
They had those riots in Augusta
last year, and some people thought
We were still under that old law
Some of them tried to pas the Gordon
and were killed
Favor Limiting Calls.
There is tense feeling against the
National Guard, and opponents of 1t
are harping on the Augusta episode
That shooting is the reason those two
f.. bills have been introduced, also that
resolution which says the National
Guard was guilty of murder there"
Mr.. Coburn said the National Guard
men would not object to a law re-
stricting the power of the Governor
10 call them out; in fact, he thought
they would welcome such a law, as
the guardsmen were tired of being
called out on every whimsical idea
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-07-01
S3OO,OOO,0OO Profits
For u. s. Investors

NEW YORK, July New York
banks to-day began paying out $780,
100000 in stock dividends and bonj
interest to American investors. This
outlay represents the semi-annual
dividend of prosperous corporations.
According to financial experts, the
July dividends" show that the coun-
try is in a highly prosperous condi-
ton
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-07-01
FOES Of '63 OPEN
GE TTYSBURG
REUNION
Picnic Air Vanishes as First Day
of Celebration Dawns-50,-
900 Veterans Present.

GETTYSBURG, PA, July Fifty
thousand veterans comprising two
armies of peace, the one wearing the
blue and the other gray. awoke to-
day on the field where so years ago
they fought
Yanks and rebels were lying side
by side when the sun crept over the
hills Umbrellas and canes were
stacked where guns had stood; suit
cases and carpetbags had replaced
knapsacks tobacco was snapped in
stead of bullets; brotherly gIances
Continued on Page 2, Column 8.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-07-01
9ODegrees and Rain
Is Weather Outlook.

Thundershowers with a maximum
temperature of about 80 is the wealth
er outlook for Tuesday.
From the weather bureau an
nouncement was made that no mark
ed change in the general weather sit
uation was anticipated Atlanta is
having an average amount of torrid-
ity from day to day, being consider
ably more comfortable than many
Western and Northern cities.
Tuesday morning temperatures
We're as follows: Sunrise 70; 6
o'clock, 72; 7 O'Clock, Is; O'Clock, 81;
9 o'clock, 50. Low southeastern winds
prevail. High humidity will make
the day seera a little hotter than
it is
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-07-01
Planter Shot by
Night Assassin Dies

GADSDEN. ALA, July 1.-Cargyle
McMahon, an Etowah County farmer,
died at hospital here to-day from
gunshot wound. He was called from
his home and shot down Saturday
night. Two men are under arrest for
the crime
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-02-02

"Onc day in August. 1916. in Ia, word
of his autobiography. we lind llahl At
lis Office, No. 70 Mercer street, Baltimore.
in conversation with Charles 7. Moor
of White Sulphur Springs. Va. Mr. Moore
WAS the inventor Of what he called "a
writing machine It's failure he attrib-
uted 10 defective workmanship. As MS
financial sponsors he named James -.
Clephane. Louis Clcphane, Maurice Pechin
and J. H. Crossman. all OF Washington.
HAM the next day went 10 washington
to secure, II possible. the task OF recon
structing this machine. lie round the
hackers OF Mr. Moore discouraged and I'M
willing TO advance any more cash unless
"a satisfactory result was guaranteed.
no result. no money was their verdict
"AIergenthaler. In the mean time. han
thoroughly examined the machine, and
found that, while its workmanship was
faulty. this was less a cause of failure
than errors Of design. He gave the prof.
ect serious thought and after few
GAYS saw his way clear 10 remodel.nS
the machine so az 10 overcome some or
its defects and at the same time SIM
plify II greatly. He So informed Ham
and advised him 10 undertake the recon-
struction at his own risk. as the result,
in LIS opinion, was beyond doubt, pro-
vided he should be free TO make such
changes as he pleased and that the com
pensation should be just. This sugges-
ton went into effect. Hail guaranteeing
that reconstructed machine should make
It's letters. including the widest and mar
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-02-02

The health Of the animals is looked after
by a veterinary surgeon. and every pre-
caution is taken To keep them In a
healthy and hourishing condition.
The owners of pure stock speak con-
fldently OF ascending values. They are
occasionally demonstrating their belief
In the future prosperity OF those who
buy into the fox business on present
terms by themselves purchasing back
the young of pairs which they sold last
year or are investing in shares OF the
newly formed fox companies. While no
claim is made that prices Will not eventu-
ally decline - some extent when the
industry settles again on to pelt basis,
it is maintained that there is room for
at least two or three years expansion
by breeding alone before II will become
advisable to ascertain whether the sup
ply has not become excessive In so far as
skins alone are concerned.
one prominent ranch owner states that
he doubts whether a high grade black
fox Will be killed on Prince Edward
Island fer its fur within five years. while
he believes that many animals will still
be sold 10 outsiders wishing To enter the
business for five years more before the
value OF fox Will depend solely on his
own skin alone.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-02-02

legislative proceedings court proceedings
and other documents. and copies OF thcs:
reports had been printed nom its impress
siors The strip of paper on which tie
characters were printed vas divided INTO
lengths Of one line each. and Justified py
cutting the words apart aad pastng them
on transfer sheet
Hail turned the machine over to Mer-
genthaler to be overhauled and improved.
Unconsciously. he had in that one simple
act set in operation the train OF expert
ments that finally resulted I'm displace-
ment Of typesetting by hand By ma
chine which could accomplish four times
the work In a given space OF time. The
improvements suggested by Mereenthaler
were incorporated in a model which per-
formed all that was desired. 4 full sized
machine was ordered. II was finished In
the summer OF 1871. and had some Of the
characteristics Of the stock ticker OF to-
day.
Unfortunately. the photographic process
by which the written matter was TO be
reproduced was not quite so satisfactory.
The photographic feature was not a sue
cess. and II was recognized that IL never
could he. Stereotypy was now suggested.
II was proposed that "a typewriter should
be used in impressing its characters on
a strip OF PAPER mache. from which. as a
matrix. stereotype should be produced.
Mergenthaler studied the process OF
stereotyping and felt that the proposition
was not feasible.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-02-02
Black and Silver Fox Pelts Of High Value

two feet inward The wire is sunk also
about two or three feet In the ground, with
a shelf extending inward.
The outer fence may be a stockade Of
o-inch planks. with wire overhang and
undersheif The bottoms Of both inner
and outer fences may be made OF cement
Any trees left within the paddocks-a few
being desirabe-should be trimmed as
high as man standing on the ground can
reach. II these directions are followed II
will be impossible for the foxes To escape
either by digging or climbing Inside each
paddock. or Immediately outside IT but
opening into II. are kennels or fox houses.
double boarded and divided into clean
ing AMI nesting room for each pair Of
foxes. The nesting room is bedded with
hay or eel grass. Each pair Of foxes
should have "A pen or paddock To them
selves. but placing the kennels outside the
pens one large kennel may be separated
off into apartments for as many as four
pairs The mouth OF each kennel Is Il
crooked tube or spout. frequently built to
simulate the entrance TO "A natural bur-
row.
The animals are fed principally on
condensed milk and bread. which they
prefer; also, on cornmeaI, meat and fish.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-02-02

once again. acknowledging that IL hia
latest model were practicable IL would be
well worth it's cost i'm dollars and delay"
Having perfected his single matrix ma.
chine. Mergenthaler's success was assured
sufficiently to attract the attention of
number of newspaper publishers. Among
these was Stllson Hutchins, proprietor OF
THE Washington Post" who one day
brought with him his friend Whitelaw
Reid, IAN introduction big with fate for
the linotype" Another was Melville Z.
Stone. OF "The Chicago Press" now gen.
eral manager of The Associated Press.
who was chosen president Of the com.
pany in the place of Mr.. Hine. who re.
signed. :.
I'm the summer Of 1853 the independent
matrix machine was brought 20 TIL
u;nphant test. In every particular ii dis
played an advance on previous designs
The matrices were stored in vertical COP
per tubes. each matrix descending at the
touch of 4 finger key. TO be caught by Its
ears as it dropped OH a tiny railroad.
Thence It was blown by an air blast to
the assembling point
AS each matriX was In full view dur
ing it's Journey. an operator could correct
errors i'm a moment. He could as easily
insert italics or other unusual characters
Wedge spacers came in between words TO
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-02-02
TIE First bZ5nklIze 10 use I7z0kuzaQ0I /lekryceJ
Il u15g 7zeuer~ z1zEro2Uce5 com 77e7'GH9<ty

Of watches and clocks in Bie;gheim lie
was 80 serve four yeals without wages,
pay Il small premium. furnish all his own
tools ard receive board and lodging from
this uncle. Mr Hahl.
In May. 1868. he began work. and soon
found himself al home in his new sur-
roundings \ pleasant and kindly spirit
pervaded the home Of the H2hls. ANA
while the hours Of labor were lo.g they
gave opportunity for advancement In
learning ard for recreation. lishl usually
employed six or eight young men. some as
apprentices. Others as journcymen. IL
their CHEEKY company work was pieas-
ure, AMI four Years passed pleasantly
and painfully"
lie did so well that Glahl paid him
wages for the last year of his apprentice
ship In tho summer Of 1872, his appren-
ticeghip having expired the young man
commenced t. look around for an oppor-
tunity To turn his requirements TO better
account than was possible in the small
town where he had learned his trade.
The Franco-German War had closed
shortly before this period and the vast
army Of Germany had returned home and
been disbanded. The workmen thus set
free poured into every avenue Of business,
ard in most cases. as a mark Of sympathy
and az just reward they displaced men
who had not gone 10 the front in the ser
=
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-02-02

TOW many persons know anything
II about the man who invented the
Il Il linotype. the machine which has
revolutionized the trade OF typesettins
and the composition Of newspapers ana
books? Very few. Strange as it may
seem. one would look in vain in some oil
the leading encyclopedias 10 learn any
thing about him Others have only
paragraph. \ widely used American en-
cyclopedia is strangely lacking in men
tion of this man.
This, in part is undoubtedly due to
lack Of information. However. this in
formation came Ito light recently in the
form of short typewriter autoDlos-
raphy. The existence of this manuscript
came 10 the knowledge OF George Hes OF
this city. who has Incorporated portions
of il in a book, Leading American In
veptors." published recently by Henry
Holt &: co. Incidentally it may be noted
that the name Of the machine was sug-
gestcd By the late White,aw Reid. who
was one OF the first To recognize its COM
mercial value and the first TO introduce
Il into a printing plant
Ottmar NerSenthaler was one OF the
many immigrants To America who have
made cccG." on the morning Of Oc-
toEcr 26. 49,. says Mr.. Hes. the steamer
Berlin from Bremen reached its dock at
Locust Point. I'm Baltimore. LIS GvC hum
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-02-02
Continued from second page.

for this exception. 10 found nowhere else
in eastern North America. except in
small section of New Brunswick. in the
Annapolis Valley OF Nova Scotia. and
then as Ear south as New Jersey. where
fur would not acquire the necessary
weight.
The details as TO the care OF the foxes.
in so far as they are not trade secrets, are
not complicated New ideas are con-
tinually being brought to light. An ex-
perienced ranchman has given directions
10 novices as follows The ranch should be
located in a retired place, usually grove
or piece OF underwood not too far from
the owners dwelling. The outer inclosure
should De three TO six times as large as
the area OF the pens. II possible. thus fire.
euently being an acre more. The pens or
paddocks are each 50 by 40 feet, or some
times smaller. Pens and outer fence alike
are usually constructed OF fox wire. which
is now specially woven for the industry.
resembling chicken wire The fences are
now seldom more than or 10 feet hiSh
with an overhung wire shelf extending
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-02-02
NO TASTE FOR TEACHING.

I'm this way time elapsed he con-
tinued, until he arrived al fourteen. when
he was to leave school TO receive his
training as a teacher. AS the time drew
near he gave much thought 10 the sub
ject of his future and the profession his
parents had chosen for him. Would I
like TO be a teacher? he asked himself.
No was the answer, why should % In
his fathers case he had seen nothing but
a very small salary. with no prospect
whatever Of further advancement lie had
seen his father subjected TO many veXa-
lions on the part of the state inspectors
OF schools The boy became clear in his
mind that ne did not want to be teacher;
but what calling should he choose? His
father diligently inquired as to the chances
of success offered by the various higher
trades. as also did the parson of the
village who took warm interest In what
he considered very promising boy. But
tho responses were not encouraging. The
cabinctmakcr thought his business ruined
by the competition Of the big factories,
but said that the carpenter still made
fair living. The carpenter. I'm his turn.
took gloomy view OF his trade and
Thought that the locksmith and gunsmith
had the best outlook; these. when ques-
TONED. believed the machinist to be the
nan of the future. and so throughout the
circle. until the boy and his friends con
cluded that they must choose among evils.
and that the path to be taken was tha'
for which the lad had the best talent.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-02-02

rowest. print clear and sharp on page.
each letter duly spaced. 80 as TO produce
the effect Of printing from regular type
In ease o. success. 1850 was to be re-
ceived by Hail: in the event of failure
he was TO be paid hotninS.'
The machine was taken in hand It's
purpose was that Of printing clfaract
on strip of paper in u manner similar
10 that Of the typewriter of to-day. except
that the result was 20 be transferred to a
photographic stone for printing The llno-
type machine. Of course. sets up ana cdh's
Zines of type. which. when assembled. are
stereotyped. The machine consisted of a
cylinder Tearing the characters which
was govcl ned by keys, as some typcwrit-
ers are to-day. Although ii was a crudh
machine. it had been used for writing out
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-02-02

Don't hold me responsible for results,
he said to Clephane.
GIVE me an impression machine ana
I will attend TO the rest" was Clephanc' 5
response.
BY the end Of 1873. said MI. les
"Mergenthaler built for Clepnane ma
chirc which clearly impressed on PAPER
mach6 letters and words duly spaced
But JOY at the neatness OF this work gave
place TO detection when this matrlX' forty
lines i'm length. was covered with molten
type metal This metal penetrated every
Joint and pore OF the PAPER mache so thor
oughly that 10 separate mould and metal
was hardly feasible. Amid many failures
good castings occasionally appeared.
These were diligently cleared OF burrs
The paper clinSng to their surfaces was
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-02-02
the World Previously Unknown 1o the e
andy of the Who Comng o
Ago. Was Mans Efficiency at the Making
of BoksM MAGAZINES md Newspaper

his plans first crystallized in his mind he
required AZ an outfit no fewer than 400
matrices. such as then cost 81 each. Ana
where was he to find $4,000 for their pur-
chase? For weeks this perpleXed ms
brain.
while regarding this difficulty from
every point of view. he was called to
WASHINGTON to consult Celphane and Iiine
On board the train there flashed across
his mind why have separate matrices al
all: why not stamp matrices into type bars
and cast metal into them in one ana the
same machine? Here was his first unihca-
ton Of composing and casting, an IDEA
which glowed more and more brightly
with promise as SIC dwelt upon 1t. lie feit
sure that type metal would solidify Iast
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-02-02

dred storage passengers were mainly
immigrants bound for the West. with
here and there an artisan who hoped to
earn good wages without going far from
his landing place. Among these was
1.-THE and comely young fellow o. e!Sh-
teen. about five fe1t seven inches in
height. his large. Well-shaped head iirn-
Is set on broad shoulders. AS he strides
uU town. he turns his calm blue eyes
with wonder On the traffic that imredes
him at every sep. In round-'opped
wooden trunk he brings good stock OF
clothes for the approaching winter. and
So in cash. More important still is the
silver watch IN his vest pocket.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-02-02

Gle had for years successfully handled
a rather rcbellious village clock; lie had
kept several other clocks in repair: he
had cut many models of animals out OF
wood with his penknife. and general
hardness with tools gave him an idea
that machinery was what attracted him
most.
Ills special desire was TO become
maker Of mathematical instruments. but
the cost Of an apprenticeship to that trade
was beyond his fathers purse, ana. be-
sides. his education was deficient \ col
lege course. he was told. was needed by
anybody who aspiIed 10 DC more than
mere workman. VI last the boy compHo-
missed between what he wanted and what
he could get by becoming an apprentice
TO the brother of his stcpmother. maker
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-02-02

timore would afford him a much larger
circle OF customers. Against MerGentha-
ler's advice to Baltimore the Hail shop
was removed. but the expected improve
ment in business failed TO appcar. Fog
little while the shop was busy providing
signal instruments to be used at the Cen
tennial Exhibition In Philadelphia. When
these were finished there was almost moth
ing TO do. Hail was in a sorry plight. in
debt as he was 10 his hands for hundreds
Of dollars In wages
one never knows when opportunity is
going to knock at the door. but it is most
likely TO BE- found 1T the Enocker OF the
man who is ready to do the work. " mic
Mergenthaler had 10 inliling OF the future
he took step nov which led INN FOR
ward toward his goal.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-02-02
AFTERMATH OF WAR.

TO make matters worse. there were no
longer any large army contracts 10 main
tain the activity Of nearly every field Of
manufacture. Everything Industrial was
being readjusted, and heightened taxes,
increased military duties and decreased
opportunities for wage earners created
widespread dissatisfaction, especially In
Southern Germany, where the people serl-
ously objected to the yoke of Prussian
miltarlsm. Thousands OF young men left
their homes 10 avoid military service, and
young Mergenthaler was caught in tn.
general discomfort ana concluded 10 emf
CRATE, if possible. Already his two elder
brothers had been drafted into the army,
and it was high lime for him 10 act il he
was 10 get away al all In this dilemma
he applied for aid to August Hail, son
of his uncle and employer, who was estab-
Hshed as a maker OF electrical instru-
ments in the city of Washington, asking
for the loan OF passage money, 10 be
worked out when he reached the factory.
The cash was promptly forwarded, and
young Mergenthaler, when he landed In
Baltimore I'm October. 1872. at once pro-
ceeded TO the Hail shop in Washington.
This leading American inventor" would
have found II more difficult to enter to-
day because Of the contract labor law.
The Hail shop did great deal Of work
for the United States Signal Service,
which had been recently established MAX
ing instruments for registering weather
conditions. Much Of the experimental
work was done in the shop. The law at
that time also required that a model
should accompany every application for a
patent. and large proportion OF these
uere made I'm Washington
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-02-02
The "Zrlbuue "%zacJa11ze Of 1886
k,zoso7 ec Tie "blsosUer' "N5chUze
beceAre q hZ5GE Of or" N1SS
X5e0 10 6ttUe the NSfTtCes
into their S[aCeS

removed by pens. brushes and acids
IIour, might be spent in making pre-
scntablr "a single rage. AND there was
usually q provoking dispiaccmen; OF ma
trrial toward the right side 81 each char
act.r. Another bcsetmcnt arose from
having to keep the paper wet during
printing Mcrecuthaler patiently over
came these obstacles one by one. and
brought go. process 10 point where sue
cess seemed near But success was never
close enough 10 be- grasped. Many in
venturs have essdycl this task OF dcsisn-
ing an impression machine only TO waste
their time as Merscnthalcr did. lie final
iy became convinced that this phase OF
stereotypy was impracticablc. ana told
nIs employers so.
Their faith seemed unquen,hable, how
e,cr. and they clung To the idea for five
years Although this method had proved
futile. they still had confidence in the
feasibility and value of d,yising a machine
which would obyiate typesetting by hand