davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-04-27

that which flowed through selns OF
the AZtecs There are several millions of
a. mixed breed. and some hundreds Of
thousands who have come down direct
from the Spaniards OF the Indians
there are something like Il 100000 who
can neither read nor write. There have
been number of laws making education
free and compulsory. but they have been
honored In the breach rather than in the
observance. and today there are some
thing like 1900 schools for population
about one-sixth that OF the United States.
and the school population is not one
twentyfifth that of ours. Right here at
the Mexican capital you can find the
public letter-writer on the streets. as in
India, and there is one such scribe near
the cathedral who has a typewriter and
takes down dictation from the Indians
by tapping the keys.
This condition seems all the worse when
we remember the advanced civilization Of
the Aztecs at the time CorteZ came. They
had their own records and picture writ
ing and they lived far better than they
do now Mexico City then had 10000
stone houses and Montezuma had other
rich cities and villages in his possession.
He had the country better garrisoned
than it is today and he kept better or
der He had a system of postal stations
and his courier service was such that re-
lays of letter carriers brought dispatches
from Cortez at Vera Cruz over the noun
tains to the capital and back, a distance
of about 400 miles, in little more than
a week. Fresh fish from the Gulf of Mex
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-04-27

ferrous commonwealth whose deeds and
terrors have astonished Russia during the
past six months. For twenty years this
Imansk republic has existed in the cars
dominions. with its own constitution
laws punishments, printing press and
police yet It's discovery is only recent
The Imansk republic was found last
wear by the traveller Kasimir Veiik who
had made a tour up TO the Ussuri and
~ part OF the Imam river TO look for
sables IL lies 300 miles from yladi-
vostock in an UNEMPLOYED part of Prim-
orsk province. in the valley Of tribu-
tary Of the Ussuri. 1t is entirely within
the Russian empire, and all other VII
lagos and settlements In the neighborhood
are officially known, and are subject 10
the jurisdiction of the cars government.
Veliki hit upon IL accidentally, and with
peril 10 himself.
When crossing country which in the
maps is marked blank he came upon
some isolated farms, and. further on. a
Gown of about "A thousand houses I'm
agining himself TO be. near an unknown
Chinese settlement. he went on. and came
across Notwithstanding infants. who.
TO his surprise, cried out TO him in a
mongrel Russian dialect. moment later
he was challenged by an armed man. and
seized He found himself in a big viii
laSe. with houses and church mainly in
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-04-27

Russian style. but showing strong Chi
nese Influences. and he learned that he
was in a Russo-Chinese community which
vailed itself "lmanskaya Respublika.
and claimed To he Independent both of
the car and the government of Peking.
over dirty inn foated a flag which re-
sembled the Russian tricolor but was
embroidered with bad copy of the Chi
nese dragon. BY a stroke of luck, and
after surprising adventures. Veliki es-
capped before he could find out more
about this unknown republic.
At Vladivostock VeIikis story was at
first not believed. Afterward a commits
sion of inquiry was sent out under es-
cort of 800 -Cossa SKIS. with three mounted
guns. The commission occupied the town
by surprise, and returned to Nladivostock
with a complete report. Ii discovered
that the republic had first been started
as a holy retreat for ascetics and that
IL afterward fell into the hands of Rus
sian and Chinese convicts and prospered
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-04-27

the commission that the laws had been
approved by the Chinese government.
The commission concluded that this was
an untruth devised In order TO prevent
the Imansk executioners being prose-
cuted as common murderers. If that
were done half the male population of
Imansk would have to be put on trial.
The Imansk population had invented in
its native ignorance a code of laws a
hundred times more severe than that of
the ancient Hebrews. For about twenty
ofYenses death is inflicted. Among these
is not counted murder. The punishment
for murder Is beating and the payment
Of q fine OF thirty poeds OF meat or
ash. The state ATTORNEY Of Imansk,
an ex-couvict named Aopuaien. gave the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-04-27
by Kasimir

H[SCOVERED by Kasimir
- Veliki, the Explorer-It
Has More Stringent Laws
Than Any Other Community
in the World-Russian Gov
eminent Does Not Know
What to Do With the Inhabi-
tants, Who Have Violated
Almost Every Law of the
Land-To Prevent Word of
Their Existence Reaching the
Outside World They Have
Murdered Most of the Unfor-
tunate Travellers Who Have
Fallen Into Their Hands.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-04-27

and laws and in the village and coun-
try around counted nearly 5000 adher-
ents at the time it was discovered by
Veliki.
The Russian commission. carefuiiy
guarded by the 900 Cessacks, set itself
to examine the laws and economic state
of the republic. They had opportunities
to see the law at work. When they
entered the village a man was being
hung up by the heels for stealing a horse.
And not far OFF a naked Chinese. who
had been beaten to death, lay In the
snow. Around his body danced the
Imansk women. and sang menacing
songs. The punished Chinese. Ii appear
ed, had broken the local fishing law.
The Imansk republic proved to have
whole code of laws. which cannot be
traced to any Russian or other origin.
The ''starshina" Of the republic told
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-04-27

following as offenses for which the only
punishment is death:
Whoever steals a sable skin is buried
alive.
Whoever steals the roots of the YEN
schen plant is drowned.
Whoever does not keep a dog as watch
dog against intruders in the Imansk set
Element is drowned.
Whoever leaves the village and tries
to make for a Russian settlement is
beaten to death.
Whoever lets his house catch fire is
hanged. If his wife only is guilty she is
hanged. and he is beaten with sticks
Imansk republicans are mighty gam
blers. and they have a rigid code reguat-
ing gambling Cheating is almost the
only gambling offense which is not pun
ished. Gambling is allowed only between
the 18th Of November and the 18th of De-
cember in each year. Every Imansk
citizen who comes into the village from
a neighboring farm has right ito de-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-04-27
SIBERIA

sons have been executed during tie
existence Of the republic Neverthe-
less the Russian commission admits
that the town and country around
have been administered in an orderly
fashion. The reason Of this was tina
the punishments for even slight
offences were so terrible that no man
dared take risks. The problem before
NJ. Maklakon at present is whether 70
punish those guilty Of executions and
tortures or not. II the decision is TO
punish them then practically The
whole population Of lmansk must lie
put on trial for murder. and il is very
doubtful whether any jury would con-
vict them.
The Imansk republic has its own -
ligiOn and its own very peculiar Gus
toms as regards women. Some Russian
convicts in the republic profess Greek
orthodoxy and some Chinese settlers pro-
fess Confucianism. but the majority pro
fess a quaint mixture Of the two. The
Znamenskys and the aristocracy -
Imansk claim that the mixed Christian
ity and Confucianism i the state rell-
gion OF lmansk.
Numerous Chinese" says the commits
sion's report. wanted at one time 70 &
over TO Christianity. but the heads ~
the village opposed this and Obliged them
10 adopt the new mixed religion The
republicans, III SeeffiS, are tlhdAE 70
sonable about race. The Chinese ana
Russians have absolutely no prejudice
about skin color. They intermarry on
equal terms Marital unfaithfulness.
when the culprit is a woman. is one ot
the worst punished crimes. Many in
stances are given. An escaped woman
convict from Saghalien. who had left he
hind her a convict husband. married ac-
cording 10 mixed religion rites a subject
of the Imans'S state. Soon atterward she
tired of the ne husband, ran away and
Was found in the house OF the chief or
Imansk police. She was burned to death
Her lover was not punished. such
cases" says the report. ARE common.
The Imansk people one and all believe
that in sex matters only a woman can
offend They got this idea from the
chinese Their Law provides the severest
for women, but none at all
for men. In one year Tour women were
MT to death.
What will become of the Imansk re-
nubIic is not yet settled. Ii is still -four
isbing. The Cossacks withdrew when the
returned TO Vladivistok. The
Imansk people thereupon held a meeting
and threatened to resist by force any
attempt to make them submit TO Russian
laws They have revolvers and knives
IN plenty. but no military organization or
riees and could not resist the attack OF
! company OF soldiers M. Malakoffs
present plan. IL is stated. is TO dispense
he republicans and use them for colon
ling the Lower Ussuri. They will make
a fishing and forest work and are skilled
rappers and hunters
Copyright. 1913, by Curtis Browug
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-04-27

wandered about Siberia and Russia as
"besserebrennik"-a beggar.
When travelling in East Asia he was
struck by the secluded position of the
Imam valley. He gave 5000 to three
holy men to build log houses and log
church. The good men and twenty other
persons prayed there for three years In
the fourth year there descended upon
them a band of Yakutsk convicts, who
murdered the whole twenty-three per-
sons These invaders started the
Imansk republic, which was at first
mere robbers den: and for two years
kept pirate boats on the Ussuri river.
The republic developed. More bandits
and convlcts came. fought, murdered and
drank. Next came Chinese with their
wives. The bandits murdered the Chi
nese and stole their wives. The set
tlement grew. made its own constitution
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-04-27

along from hand to mouth. receiving a
little spending money now and then, and
increasing their debts whenever they
have a wedding or a funeral. The only
way they can escape is by getting some
one to assume their debts. and this Is
sometimes done by the neighboring haci-
endados or others who want workmen
and can find none in the market. 1t Is
difficult TO get peon away from his OLD
master. and this is especially so IL he has
been fairly well treated.
And still / find that money talks quite
as loudly here as on the other side Of the
boundary. At least it did so not long ago
for some Americans who were opening
rubber plantation. in the tropical low
lands. and We're hard up for labor. They
offered big wages, but in vain. All the
poems of the neighborhoOd were in debt
slavery to the owners of the estates about.
and the promises of the foreigners fell
fiat.
AT last the Americans brought in sew
eral bushels of new Mexican dollars, and
laid them in great piles on the table in
the rude building which formed their
plantation office. They then called in the
ing that they had brought it there to
pay off their debts for them and also
that they had bushels of other dollars
TO pay them wages as well. They offered
TO pay the debts of the poems provided
they would drop their present employers
and work for them and the wages they
proposed were higher than the poems had
ever had in the past.
The sight of the money worked Won
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-04-27

is punished with beating on the soles of
the feet.
The Imansk "starshina.' or elder. is
the constitutional chief of the republic.
The real government is carried on by an
oligarchy consisting mainly of relatives
of the convict Znamensky. who led the
first bandit invasion and organized the
massacre of the original ascetic settlers.
All these families are OF mixed Russian
and Chinese blood and the present chief
of the settlement Nassil Znamensky.
looks like a pure Chinese.
The Imansk republicans have taken
extraordinary precautions to keep
their existence a secret from the out
side world. The trappers. explorers
and tramps who have fallen into their
hands have always been put TO death.
except where they undertook to join
the republic and never to leave it,
This choice. however. was very seldom
given to an educated person, as such
would be likely 10 tire of life in the
republic and make an attempt to es-
cape The commission discovered that
NJ kyrill Feodoroff. the rich grain
merchant of Mariinsk, who disappear
ed mysteriously five years ago, fell
victim to the republics laws In July,
NJ 1QSS2ch
servants, went exploring in the sun
gari and Imam districts. They were
seized near Imansk town by Znamen-
sky and the guards of the republican
government One Cossack was killed
while resisting. Feodorof and the
other Cossack were beaten on the sole.
of the feet and given pardon on con-
iition that they stayed in the republic
and abandoned all hope OF ever re-
turning home. In order TO save their
lives they promised. Feodoroff was
given I'D for dead, and his wife sold
his house in Mariinsk and migrated to
Moscow.
X
In the spring of 1908 Feodoroff and
the other Cossack tried TO escape. They
laid their plot with a Chinaman who
also wanted to leave the republic. The
chinaman pretended to be going fish
ing and took the two Russians In his
boat. covering them with mating. The
canoe captized in a rapid. and the
t,hinaman and the Cossack were
drowned Feodoroff swan ashore and
fell into the hands Of the republicans.
re was taken back TO Imsnsk. where
the three brothers Znamensky held a
court They found him guilty of being
a spy sent by the Russian government
and ordered him to be beaten eighty
times with pine slaves and then buried
alive. This sentence was carried out
The half-faintfng Feodoroff wa buried
up to his neck. On being asked IRON
ically how he felt. he complained of
cold whereupon q Chinaman was told
to throw q bucket Of nearly boiling
water over his head. He died of shock
Altogether 1t Is estimated 900 per-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-04-27

NJ EAiCO CITY.
EXICO will never
h a We permanent
D e a c . until the
poems are paid life
giving wages. As
II is now il is more
profitable to be In
the army than TO
work on the farms,
and unless Presi-
dent Huerta adopts
the drastic policy
OF Porflrio DiaZ
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-04-27

NE OF the mos:
troublesome tasks
Of Privy Council
or y. a. Masla-
koff. who has just
been brought from
governing Tcherni-
goff TO the minis
try OF the interior.
is 10 decide what
should be done
with the lmansk
republic. the mys-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-04-27
The Fight for Ten Hours

THE Fight for Ten Hours
! and a Minimum Wage.
Factories Where Boys Work
for 10 Cents a Day and Men
Get From so Cents to a
Dollar-A Look at the Cot
ton Mills-Wages Of Me
chanics-The Debt Slaves of
the Plantations and How
They Are Paid-A Shrewd
American Scheme to Get La
bor-How Money Talks
The Mexican Pauper-Be-
hind the Scenes in Mexican
Hut-How the Poems Dress.
Etc.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-04-27
y. A. NAGLAkOFF.

n. A. NAGLAkOFF,
Russfan mlnister Of the interior. who
does not know what 10 do with the
Imansk republic.
mand board and lodging at any house he
chooses. and to pay only forty kopecks
which is about 20 cents a day. If he ar
rives around New Year day he has to
pay fine of five roubles to the republican
exchequer. which goes in festivities. The
Imansk people distill their own vodka
from potatoes. Distilling vodka with rye
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-04-27

the hrlgands and rebels VIII nave no ILL.,
hle in getting recruits.
The question Of wages and labor was
agitated during the administration Of Ma
dero and his efforts 10 better labor condi-
tions we're one cause of his downfall.
The present administration is trying to
carry out some Of the policies inaugural
ed bv MIN and the indications are that
the labor troubles are only at their begin
ming
have some figures before me which
come from the secretary of agriculture
He puts the daily wages now being paid
on the farms at from 20 to - cents a day.
hut adds there are places out in the coun-
try where they are not more than half
that amount. This is in American money.
as are all the figures of this letter.
There are millions in Mexico who are
working on the haciendas for less than
- cents day and there re thousands in
the factories who are being paid less than
one dollar. In some of the mills the
minimum wage is as low 10 cents. and
II runs from that to A. cents, whereas in
others, for the same kind of work, the
wages run from 30 cents 10 a dollar.
There are something like 10000 iaborers
employed in the large factories, and their
average wages per day are 20 cents gold.
The government is trying to remedy
these conditions. Ii has established d
department of labor, which has already
dealt with seventy-five strikes and 1t Is
now taxing the product of each factory
on the basis OF its hours of work and
wages. The institutions are favored &C
cording TO whether they conform to the
government regulations not. The ad-
ministration is trying also TO improve
the condition OF the laborers on the farms
BY giving back lands TO the towns and
gradually bringing about a division OF
the large estates. AS 10 this. however.
but little has yet been accomplished.
The fight of the men in the factories
is for ten-hour day, and they want to
FIX also a minimum wage for all parts
Of the republic. AS il is now some of the
factories are working from $50 o'clock
in the morning until o'clock in the
evening. There is only one exception.
This is on Saturday, when the hands are
let off at pm. In the mills in
which that rule prevails the cloth made
is white cotton sheeting. and the regular
biggest cotton mills here are those OF
Orizaba. They employ 10000 hands. the
most of whom are native men and boys.
less than 300 being women. The work is
done With modern machinery and the
company makes a large profit II pays
higher wages than those | have mention
Cd and il has built 100 houses for its
factory hands There Is another cotton
factory in the state Of Toluca. where
most of the workmen are boys from eight
70 fifteen years Of age Here the average
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-04-27
7N1yIzY Fl n

aclaI Correspondence 81 The Star.
ST PErERS RI.RG- Anril
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-04-27

Copyrighted 1918. ~ Frank . Carpenter,
Special Correspondence Of The star
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1913-09-12
S OCIAL
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Guseman Family Reunion.

NhSNAANh hhAllS AANhhlOus
The second annual reunion of the
Guscman family was held at Oak Park,
W Va, August 80, 1918. The attend
ance. the program and the provisions
all gave evidence of the interest in the
occasion and even the weather con-
tributed to make it great success.
The following officers were elected:
Permanent president, ]. w. Guse-
man, Reedsville; vice president, J.
G. Matlick, Kahoka, Mo-; secretary,
Mabel Mcmillan. Masontown; assist
ant secretary. Alice Guseman, Valley
Point; treasurer, Ella Guseman Ash
burn. Reedsville.
Death having claimed Mrs. Frank
G. Watson. of Mannheim, w Va; Mr..
and Mrs William Newman. of Oak
land. Md; Isaac Newton Matlick, OF
California, and Eliza NJ, Gusman, OF
Washington, Ia, since our last meet
ing, resolutions of respect were adopt
ed, copies of which were ordered to
be placed upon the minutes of the as
ISOLATION and also to be sent to the
respective families of the deceased.
After an interesting program was
rendered they adjourned to meet al
Albright, W. Va, the third Saturday
CT August, 1914.
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1913-09-12
MASON
Owned by Stout Brothers, of
This City, Wins Race
at Buckhannon.

BUcKHANNoN, Sept, l2-Thurs-
day was the last day of the fair and
it was featured by good weather and
good racing. The Mason, owned by
Stout Brothers, of Clarksburg, an
nexed his second race of the meet by
taking the 1920 pace in straigh heats
from Arthur Virgins, Buck Morgan
and other good ones. The 2:14 pace
went to Pearl Carter in straight
heats.
Bob Lincoln did not have to eS
tend himself to cop off first money
in his race for the fastest heat was
2:23 nat, which is only picking FOL
the good little gelding. There was
no running race today
Summaries:
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1913-09-12
Barnes Reunion

With good representation of the
various branches of the old and
widely known Barnes family, the an
nual reunion of the Barnes Family
Association was held yesterday at
Traction Park. Although rather
cool IN the early morning the day
proved most pleasant one for an
out door event, and the outing was
enjoyed to the utmost by the gath
ering.
Besides the representatives of the
families in this city, nearby towns
and from many points in the Monon-
gahcln valley. there we're visitors
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1913-09-12
CoHman Reunion.

There win be reunion of the
Coffman families and relatives at
the grove on the home farm of the
late John G. coffman,on Robinson's
run, Eagle district, this county, Sep
TENDER 20, 1918. All members OF
the family and relatives are invited
to attend with their baskets. for an
enjoyable occasion. A short pro-
gram will be rendered before and
a'ter the spread.
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1913-09-12

from Colorado. including EElanna
Barnes and daughter, VINO have been
visiting relatives at shinnston.
The days program was opened
with singing of songs and hymns and
general greeting among the as
semblage was next in order. AT
noon a fine basket dinner was en-
ioyed. and there was much feastine
and merriment.
In the afternoon short business
session was held and officers were re-
elected as follows:
President. Walter Barnes.
seeretay-treasurer-Mrs. T. D
Harden.
Historian-Th Rev. j. A. Barnes
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1913-09-12
THAW
CONTINUED from page one.)

another state.
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1913-09-12
bridgeport Party.

A home talent entertainment en-
titled Fun in Photographers
Gallery" will be given under the au-
spices of the Daughters of Ruth OF
Bridgeport tonight in the knights of
Pythias hall there. 1t is said to be
a splendid character production full
OF laughable situations from begin
ming to end.
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1913-09-12
Another Fall
Dress Wooden TO
Arrive

The surface is coarse and
crepe in weave but very good
looking for tailored garments
either Suits, Dresses or Skirts.
Comes in Vanderbilt Blue, the
new wood brown and navy. So
inches wide and sells at $3.50 a
yard.
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1913-09-12
CoNGER GOES AFTER
EXTRADITToN PAPERS
tsy AasoelArrp rnEsal

PoUGtHKBBPsIE. N. Y, Sept. II
District Attorney Conger, OF
Duchess county. left this morning
for Albany bearing extradition pa.
pers asking for the return of Harry
X. Thaw from DColebrooke, n. H.
AS soon as acting Governor Glynn
signs the papers, iConger will take
them to New Hampshire.
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1913-09-12
NeW White
Sports Coats

three models just in, one
with belt all round, another
belted back, whilst the third is a
straight, loose back, single
breasted style. Lapels button
high to neck. Jaunty length of
finest "Worombo" Chinchilla.
Prices $18.75, $3.50 and $21.50.
White Sports Coats of Stew
ems cloth, Sis. Also Kelly
Green.
Other white Coats, $40 and
Sizes IA, 16 and 1S years.