davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening journal., 1913-02-10
COST OF BUILDING CREAMERY
One Must First Figure on Expense and
Then on EquIpment-Pays
to Build Well.
lCBy q. A. GILBERT Colorado Agricul-
illraI CnllnEal

lCBy q. A. GILBERT Colorado Agrioul-
tural Coilege.l
Creamery builders must figure the
cost. inst. Of the building, second, Of
the equipment A suitable and con-
venient building will contain a main
work room. store room. refrigerator.
engine and boiler room, coal room and
an Office. Such a medium sized cream
cry would measure 2Sx4S feet. In
some sections labor and material ara
much cheaper than In others and tho
cost varies accordingly. However, we
can place the limit OF cost OF such
construction between one thousand
and fifteen hundred dollars.
Where only gathered cream is re-
ceived the equipment required is less
than where whole milk Is received. In
the first instance, OF the gathered
cream plant. the following would be
necessary. 10 H. p boiler; 10 II. p.
engine; a well and pump; weigh can
and scales; Babcock testing equip.
lment complete; combiner churn, oapa.
city 600 lbs butter; buttermilk vati
cream ripener; starter can; wash sink.
Besides thia there will be shafting,
lpulleys. piping, betting, etc. BY max
tng two ohurnings a day in the rush
aeason, 200 pounds OF butter could be
manufactured per day In plant OF
this size. The cost OF equipment would
approximately be $1,000.
The total cost Of creamery with
out artificial refrigeration will vary
from $4,000 TO $4,000. In the long run
1T pays TO build well and to use first
claes equipment in creamery, and
this is the basis of the foregoing fig
ures. In many cases on record cream
cries started by promoters Of repre-
,fentatives OF construction companies
have cost exhorbitant prices and out
fof all proportion to the business they
are able to do.
Evening journal., 1913-02-10
EXCELLENT TIME FOR LAYING
Not Advisable to Have Pullets Pro-
duclng Eggs Before October
Cold Weather Hlnders.

Many poultry raisers believe that
the sooner pullets start laying the
greater the financial returns will be,
but this is not always the case. II is
not advisable to have pullets laying
before October at the earliest, except
in the few cases where winter eggs
are not wanted. II the birds start lay
ing earlier than October the cold
weather comes around, and probably
will not start again until the winter
is nearly over. II they start laying
by July OF August, as very early
Matched pullets sometimes do, they
usually moult in the fall and do not
lay again until February But 1t is
equally bad If they do not start laying
by the middle Of November. as they
probably will not start in until the end
Of January at the earliest and perhaps
not until the end of February or the
beginning Of March.
The time the pullets are Matched
has more to do with the time they
start laying than anything else,
but the system OF feeding has consid'
erable to do with it also. II pullets
are maturing too quickly they should
receive free range and be fed only
once a day, about or 4 o'clock In the
afternoon being the best time. The
food should be only dry grain, and
oats are about as good as anything
for the purpose. AS soon as the early
pullets freely receive nutritious foods
they start LAYING.
Evening journal., 1913-02-10
When Soils csaae to Produce.

The trouble with soils when they
cease to produce as they did when
new is not that the elements Of plant
food are actually exhausted from the
soil. but the necessary forces for the
liberation are exhausted. One OF
these forces is bacteria. II is esti.
mated that in the common soil there
are 15O,000.O00 bacteria to the ounce.
These bacteria must have for their
food, humus, then they will liberate
food for the growth of plants. To be
good farmer one needs to grow le
gumes and other cover crop plants
TO turn under for humus, and TO en-
courage these beneficial bacteria &C
perform their functions in the soil.
Evening journal., 1913-02-10
PREPARING FOR SPRING WORK
Only Buy implements Actually Need
ed-sometlmes Cheaper to Hire
Corn and Oats Seeder.

Have the plows, harrows, caltiva-
tors, drills. aud rollers in order for
spring work Lay in 4 few extra plow
points and bolts Have the harrow
teeth sharp Extra whifescsrees and
some good hame strings should be
provided The seed oats. corn. clover
and grass seed should be bought this
month, 80 no time need be lost when
the season opens says writer.
Buy and haul the fertilizer you need
now. If the plow or harrow is worn
out, 1t will pay to buy good steel
plow and a spring-tooth harrow and
a two-horse cultivator A corn planter
and a grain drill may be hired for 26
cents per acre. II you only plant ten
acres in corn and seed a few acres to
oats, it will be cheaper to hire than to
buy these implements.
Only buy those implements you real
ly need. 1t will pay you to buy II you
need the implement, but do not buy It
because It is cheap, nor because you
can buy 1t on time. The note soon
falls due and It often, comes due
when you are short of funds.
Do not ask your neighbor to go go
curity. II the bank will not accept the
note with your wife as indorser, do
not buy. This is sound advice, and
IL followed will save you a lot OF
trouble and considerable money. Do
not 20 security for anyone. It is
wrong, as you may ruin yourself, and
oftentimes your family as we'll. A
good-natured, easy-going farmer had
better remain away from farm sales
Evening journal., 1913-02-10
Mr.. CHESLEY ACCEPTS
RECTORATE IN SOUTH

The Rev. J. Harry Chesley has re-
signed the rectorates of Clyde Me-
mortal and of Grace p e. Church,
Brandywine hundred, to become rec
tor of the Church Of the Nativity, OF
Union. S. c. Mr.. Chesley will go
South next month.
Mr.. Chesley has served in the
churches of Brandywine hundred for
the past is years.
Mr.. Chesley has three married
daughters living in this city. They
are Mrs. William A. Schafer, Mrs. Ar
mon d. Chaytor, Jr.. and Mrs. W..
Porter Whitaker Another daughter,
Mrs. John e. Addicks, Sd, lives in
Spartsansburg, S. c. His youngest
daughter, Miss Esther Nelson Chesley.
will accompany her father to their
new home in Union.
Evening journal., 1913-02-10
LOWLY HOG is ECONOMICAL
Puts to Good Use All II Consumes
Eighty Per Cent. Of Carcass
Being Available.

The American hog is the most eco.
nomical OF animals or what a horse
eats 80 per cent goes to waste. Forty.
four per cent of the food consumed by
cattle is similarly lost, and 80 per cent.
OF all that sheep take into their stom.
achs, Only 10 per cent Of what a pig
eats is wasted. Fifty-two per cent OF
the food eaten by a hog goes TO make
growth. A sheep utilizes only % per
cent. OF its sustenance for growing,
which means. Of course, the produc.
tion OF meat. These figures are OBJ
tanned from recent experiments made
by government experts. who find. as a
result Of their study, that the pig has
what they call an economic superb
ority' even over poultry. That is to
say, Il produces more meat in proper
ton to its weight. and the animal
weighs more in proportion to the
amount Of food it consumes. Eighty
four per cent. Of the carcass of a hog
is utilized as meat; Of the beef animal
10 per cent is edible. and of the sheer
only "a per cent Thus II appears
that a greater percentage of the pig is
available for food than of any Other
domesticated creature.
Evening journal., 1913-02-10

whose streaked breast can be distin.
guished from the solid color OF the
goldfnch.
During the winter they travel in
small fiocks, often in company with
tree-sparrows and juncos. But when
spring comes they pair, and then be-
gins a long season o. courtship, for
they do not breed until into July. The
males are ve-y ardent and affection
ate lovers. Goldhnches are among the
few birds that may be observed in.
.dulgihg in kissing one another during
the counting period.
I In the late summer and fall they
visit the gardens, both in the country
and in town, to gather what lettuce
and sunnower seed they find awaiting
them.
They benefit agriculture by eating
the seeds OF noxious weeds. especially
the common thistle, and in feedinl
their young upon harmful insects. BE
ing with us. to some extent through
out the winter only tends to add I,
their usefulness.
Evening journal., 1913-02-10
ECONOMY OF STEEL WHEELS
Seems to Have Large Measure Of
Common Sense Back Of Claims
Advanced In Its Favor.

The agricultural college and expert
ment station of the University of
Wyoming has proved the value OF
steel wheels to its complete satisfac-
ton, and In a recent bulletin one Of
the experts OF that institution said:
Low, wide-tired steel wheels will
give any farmer better equipment for
his work. Under all conditions Of
the field and nearly all conditions Of
the road It is estimated that broad
tired steel wheels pull from 30 to
100 per cent lighter than the narrow
tires"
The steel wheel for farm use seems
to have a large measure Of common
sense back Of the claims that have
been ADVANCED In favor of It.
From the standpoint of convenience
the farm wagon that has been made
over into a low-down vehicle with
wide steel tires has a strong appeal.
1t is easily loaded and overcomes all
the objections to high wagons Of the
old type.
Users Of steel wheels say their
economy cannot be denied, as they
make a much lighter draft, are there
fore easier on the team. and, more
over, soon pay for themselves In the
elimination OF tire troubles, so com
mon to wood wheels.
Their practical value is further
vouched for in the experiences OF
those who find that wide-tired steel
wheels do not cut up the pastures
do not become "mired" in soft fields
or muddy roads, and do not cause the
heavy pulls that "rutty" roads have
always meant for narrow tires.
Evening journal., 1913-02-10
DAIRY COWS ON SMALL FARM
Where No Considerable Amount Of
Live Stock Is Kept Animals Are
of Much Importance.

Dairying should be a justlfiable
factor in the operations of every
quarter section farm from the stand.
point of balancing the farm work.
On small farms where no consider
able amount OF live stock can be
kept for growth or for sale fat, the
dairy herd can not be dispensed with
unless the farmer is so we'll fixed
that he does not need a winter bust.
ness which has the ability to convert
his time and labor into cash.
The dairy herd has an important
place to I'LL in the prosperity OF ev-
cry quarter section farm and we are
very sure that our statement applies
to all general farms under this size.
Evening journal., 1913-02-10
Acid Phosphate in Henhouses.

The best practice is to use acid
phosphate or floats freely in the hen
house. You can put the manure into
order for drilling by thorough ex-
posure to drying air and then pound
ing up and running through coarse
sieve. It is deficient in phosphoric
acid. which the soil usually needs.
and at least so pounds Of a good
grade of acid phosphate should be
added TO each 100 pounds of the dry
manure -Four or five hundred pounds
per acre may be the most profitable
amount for your rye.
Evening journal., 1913-02-10
USE WHEELBARRoW SEEDER
Implement Is HItehed to Harrow by
Means Of Rope Attached to Pipe
Saves One Operation.

This makes a handy way to use a
wheelbarrow seeder behind harrow.
/ used a four-section harrow with it
and Tapped what the seeder didn't
cover each time. narrowed around
the field to avoid turning short
around, writes o. s. Newberry Of
Meade, Kan, in the Farmers Mail
and Breeze. l simply tied a chain
behind the harrow as far as the seed
er went, then followed this mark next
time so as to cover all the ground
with the seeder. A piece Of pipe is
wired to the levers on the harrow and
Evening journal., 1913-02-10
Gain or Meat RatIons.

The New Yoak experiment station
found that cockerels fed meat gained
56k per cent. more weight, and such
pullets laid eight weeks earlier than
those without meat. but otherwise on
a similar diet
Meat-fed ducks were out Of sight Of
those deprived OF t. Again the ex-
pertinent was tried with more care
ful attention ts q supply OF mineral
matter for those without meat. and It
was found vegetable protein could
largely take the place OF meat in case
Of chickens, but not with ducks
Evening journal., 1913-02-10
BIRD is FRIEND OF FARMER
ooidnnoh Benefits Agriculture by Con.
sunAna Seeds Of Noxlous Weeds,
Especially Thistle.

Ry H W. WEIsBERGER. In the Farm
and Fireside.)
Why do class the goldfnch as a
winter RESIDENT Simply because I
think that many farm boy sees
them and hears the familiar canary
notes and does not know them to
be our common black and yellow
wild canaries" Of the summer time.
This is what they are. but they have
donned the greenish.yellow garb Of
the female. Often, II they have found
a food feeding place with plenty OF
goldenrod or ragweedy corn field.
they will remain until the seeds have
been consumed, which often requires
weeks Of time.
They must not, however, be con.
founded with another. similar north.
en winter bird, the pine-siskin, whose
notes are somewhat identical. but
Evening journal., 1913-02-10
pesIdsble Seed Ears.

The best ears Of corn have the butts
we'll rounded out with well-shaped ker.
nels Ears having straight rows Of
kernels and a medium size shank are
desirable. The cob should be OF me-
dium size and Of a deep color. The
kernels should be deep and firm on
the cob, medium wedge shaped, have
a deep color, and contain large, bright
germs.
Evening journal., 1913-02-10
Enr skln disorder.

The following powder given each
day is said to be good for skin dis
order in horses: Finely powdered
iodine Of potash, 4 ounces; granu-
lated sugar and common salt, OF each
i pound. Mix we'll together and di-
vide into thirty-two powders. Feed
no corn. but let the grain feed be
oats and wheat bran. Use tincture OF
iodine on the Jumps every second
day until the skin becomes a little
tender
Evening journal., 1913-02-10
Way to Prevent Waste.
Breaking the Colt.

The earlier the colt is made used 70
the harness the better broken the ami
NAL will be when it comes time for
him to do some light work. II is easier
to keep colts from learning bad tricks
than to break them OF such habits.
For this reason have every strap
and rope used by the colts so strong
that there is no danger Of a break.
Once a colt finds out that he can get
away from a halter OF other parts of
the harness there will be trouble, per
haps for all time.
Evening journal., 1913-02-10
ONE PRACTICE is WASTEFUL
BY Burning Corn Stalks Farmer Is De-
stroylng His Land-Much Benefit
In Flowing Under.
CBy B. e. LARA.)


II always makes me feel sad to see
the smoke rising from the burning
corn stalks in the field. because the
farmer is burning up his land and
doesn't know It. How can we expect
to burn up stock which the. soil pro-
duces and put nothing back in the
way OF humus and then hope to keep
our soil in good condition? Maybe
I'm wrong when / say that farmers do
not know what they're doing. for
doubtless some Of them do know that
IL is bad practice. but burning stalks
is easier than discing or cutting them
up and they are a nuisance to plow
under. Some farmers say there is no
benefit in plowing under stalks. but
cannot figure it out that way because
! do not see how we can go on rob
bing our soil and keep UP the fertility.
II costs very little TO keep a sheep
and a flock of so sheep is worth
money.
Evening journal., 1913-02-10
CHILD DIES OF SCARLET FEVER.

Carl +. Johnson, aged five years, a
nephew of f. Ross Farra, died at his
fathers home, No. 604 West Fifth
street, on Saturday evening, of scarlet
fever. II was reported that the boy
was a son of Mr.. Farra, but this was
untrue. Mr.. and Mrs. Farra living with
Mr.. Johnson, the men being brother
in-laws Carl was taken i'll on Mon
day. lie has a sister. Mildred, 10
years old, who is suffering a light
attack of scarlet fever, and Mr.
Farra's son. Maris. years old, also
has a light case of the fever
As soon as the body of little Carl
was taken to Silverbrook cemetery
and inferred yesterday afternoon, at
4 o'clock, the officers Of the Board of
Health fumigated the room in which
he died.
It is understood that there are sew
eral cases of scarlet fever in the
city.
Evening journal., 1913-02-10
sickness Amono Fowls.

The causes for sickness among
fowls can be treaced to lice. filth. no
grit, over-fat, sour food. leaky roofs,
lack Of exercise, crowded quarters,
cracks in the wall exposure to hot
suns. cold houses in winter, hot hous-
es in summer, irregularity in feeding,
damp houses and runs. nor enough
bulky food, impure drinking water
poorly ventilated houses, exposure to
bad weather. and too much heating
food In summer.
Evening journal., 1913-02-10
Eattsnlnn Market Fowls.

To fatten poultry for market, re-
move them from the yards and place,
without overcrowding. in a coop which
should be provided with a canvas GOV.
er TO draw down and keep the in
mates in darkness. Do not feed for
about six hours after placing in the
coop. and then feed all they win eat
Feed three times a day, and keeT
fresh water and a basin of grain al
ways before them.
Evening journal., 1913-02-10
Air Requirements Of Chickens.

Fowls are Obliged TO throw off much
OF the waste Of the body through the
lungs. They do not sweat in the sense
that do other animals, but instead
breathe several times faster than
sweating animals when heated. To
keep in good health a hen requires
nearly seven times the amount Of
fresh air in proportion to It's size as
does a horse.
Evening journal., 1913-02-10
Minina Mulsn PAY.

What are called mining mules are
being raised prontably In the middle
west. There are two classes neces-
sary for the occupation-the surface
mules and the pit mules. the size and
weight of the latter determined by
the size OF the tunneling. These ami
mails are wanted to range from 500
pounds to 1850 in weight. and twelve
TO sixteen hands in height They
must have deep bodies, good feet and
those from FIVE to eight years are pre-
ferrnd
Evening journal., 1913-02-10
METAL BOTTLE TOP REMOVER
Ordinary Table Fork VIII Perform
Operation With Neatness and Die
patch-knlfe Also Used.

Everybody is familiar with the lit
tie metal tops used on bottles But
the general opinion n that top can
not be removed without the aid OF a
specially designed opener. A Phila-
delphia man was recently confronted
with the problem Of removing one Of
these tops without the official instru-
ment. This Is the way he did 1t: He
took an ordinary table fork and
placed one OF the outside tines be-
meath the edge of the cap. He then
Evening journal., 1913-02-10
NECESSARY FOR TOOL SHOP
one Essential Is Water and In Re-
ceptseIe Large Enough for All
Needs-Tub 10 Best.

Wherever the farmer has his own
blacksmith shop, It is almost neces.
sary to have water handy, and have It
in vessel large enough for the needs
of the shop. The half barrel makes
a very good vessel for this purpose.
The half of common coal, Su barrel
will make a very good tub. The
notches, shown in the( illustration
form good supports lfor the wagor
Evening journal., 1913-02-10
Good Dairy Farmer.

A good dairy farmer has been de-
scribed as "a good general farmer
plus the love OF cows" This is a good
definition, because the man who does
not have a fondness for cattle, and
who does not find some satisfaction
in caring for them seldom turns out
TO be very capable and prosperous
dairy farmer.
Evening journal., 1913-02-10
Attention 20 Colts, Esst.

Don't forget TO give the colts feet
attention. Now is when the set of
limbs is determined There is always
"a reason for a poor set Of limbs. II
may be hereditary. but it is generally
.carelessness on the part Of the owner
who did not keep his feet trimmed
down level with the frog. A colts
feet are continually breaking of and
splitting If they are not attended to
promptly.-Horse Journal.
Evening journal., 1913-02-10
MakInn stahIea comtortabIe.

Stop the cracks and chinks in the
stables. The horses apd cows will not
get cold outside II II isn't raining,
but in the stable. with the wind blow
ing in through some little hole. they
will actually suffer Get in a warm
room and let the cold air from out
side reach you through just one little
opening, II you don't believe it.
Evening journal., 1913-02-10

and these little fellows find a ready
sale in the city markets. Your own
children would be made happy by the
possession OF q beautiful little pony,
and then. of course, your neighhors'
children would have TO have one-so
your profits would begin at once by
the creation OF a market for them
right at home.
Evening journal., 1913-02-10
.R.9
seeder Runs Behind.

the seeder handles loosely rest on
this pipe. but a stick is placed over
them and wired to the pipe so as not
to allow too much free play. The
seeder is hitched to the harrow by
means Of a rope attached to the pipe
from the center Of the seeder to allow
It to follow the harrow in turning.
Evening journal., 1913-02-10
GIVE CHICKENS GREEN FOOD
Clippings From Lawn, Which Have
Been Properly Dried, Make Ex-
cellent Feed for Poultry.

Lawn clippings which have been
dried in the shade the previous sum.
mer make ideal winter green food,
says the Farm and Hone. The best
way TO feed them is to roll them up in
a strip of two-inch poultry netting
Evening journal., 1913-02-10
RAISING PONIES FOR PROFIT
Little Fellows Always Find Ready
Sale in All City Markets-cost
of Rearing Is Small.

Did you ever investigate the rails.
ing of the little ponies that are the
delight OF every child's heart. The
cost Of keeping the ponies would not
be a great deal for a farmer who
has other colts and horses to raise.
Evening journal., 1913-02-10
Metal Top Remover.

took a knife and inserted the end OF
the blade between the other outside
tine and tho center one. BY pressing
down ca the knife handle he secured
just the upward pull on the edge OF
.he crown top that is needed to dis
lodge it, An ingenious and simple
substitute.
Evening journal., 1913-02-10
Color Of Eggs.

The first eggs of the brown-egg
layers are generally OF a good color
but as the hen Increases her laying
she decreases the amount Of color,
owing to the gradual loss Of the pig
ment which coiors the eggs.
Evening journal., 1913-02-10
Harm Of Too Much Grain

It never occurs to the average far
mer that the effect OF long contin-
ued diet OF grain is as injurious to
fowls as to cattle, nor that the con-
centrated grain food gives the best re-
suits when dilutet or mixed with some
bulky succulent material
Evening journal., 1913-02-10
shoelno the Colt.

The first shoeing of colt is the
most important. not only in the flt OF
the shoes. but also in seeing that the
colt is not badly scared by the forge.
the unusual handling and new sounds.
Horses mean TO shoe are generally
the result Of improper handling at
early shoeings,
Evening journal., 1913-02-10
nann.r ot pnnr ventII.tIon.

II you want your sheep to die, shut
them up in a tight pen where they
cannot move about much, and stun
them with hay and grain all the
time. The way TO have healthy sheep
is to let them have a spin around the
lot every day.
Evening journal., 1913-02-10
Exerclse for the Boar.

The boar will not have that ami
mated appearance that he should
have if kept In close confinement. II
you would have him lively and a safe
and sure sire, provide a pasture for
him.
Evening journal., 1913-02-10
rrratinn NaIl Wnundn.

: One who has tried it says that the
most successful treatment that he has
found for nail wounds in horses feet
1s to clean the wound and pour full of
hot taIlow or lard. This seems to
jgive very little pain. and one treat
1nent generally cures.
Evening journal., 1913-02-10
sIobbsr In Horses.

Cabbage will sometimes cure slob-
ber in horses. caused by eating white
clover; but It is better to keep the
clover away from the horses
Evening journal., 1913-02-10
Water Tub for Shop.

wheels when cooling the set tires.
The notches will also be found handy
for other purposes about the tub, such
as keeping tongs lays, etc, from slip.
ping to the bottom OF the tub when
set upright TO cool.
Evening journal., 1913-02-10
opnnInn ur praIn .outIst..

Z A few hours spent now TO see that
all the drain outlets are well opened
may save considerable delay on ac.
count Of wet fields in the spring
Evening journal., 1913-02-10
Reasons for EstIno.

The hen has three reasons for eat
ing; To repair the tissues Of her
body. TO keep herself warm. and to
make eggs. II therefore follows that
her diet must be varied and plentiful