davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1913-02-23

iou ask me IL my theory Of the life force
'nat is higher than the intellect does not
involve something very much like the the
.'osical conception of ne soul Yes; 1t
uoes' was myself quite astonished when
round how closely my Investigations led
me 10 the old conception OF the soul TO
which had given no thought
ain satisfied from physical exner,-na,..
that there Is in man power of mor,orr
mat ooes not lie in the brain For in
stance you remember face that you have
seen The scientist will tell you that xour
orain cells retained an Impression OF tb.,
race when You looked at It, but =.
matter OF fact you received a s1,,h,,..
Inherent impression OF the face d,,-,,.
every instant of every occasion on wh;as
you saw 1t. You received countless hun
OF Impressions OF It. 1t would be QUO.
possible for you to .rememhor .. I'M
me impression on your brain. Thereforo
mere must be power of memory .n,..
from the brain apart
mat is an exceedingly simple ner,
trivial. evidence OF whit mean =,
illusions on this point are partly 49, CON
an Investigation OF cases of ANNE, On
aphasia. It is a subject on wh;.h no
as yet written very little. but J he 1--we
do SO when | have time. Light sbo,Is ~
thrown on it by the study of mind IT, ne
The mechanistic scientists tell =.
death ends mans existence bao.,.
what 's called the soul is a funct,o
the brain and with death the brain
TO function. say that they cannon nro,.
that death ends I'll. II memory exi.t-
the man Independently of the brain hou
can they prove that the dissolution ot ~,
brain means the anni:ilation of the MAJ
Now We may go .urther and see tha, :,
memory exists independently of the br.,,
1t Is reasonable to believe that otbar
powers of KNOWN things have such .,
independent existence. There is no reason
why you should not call this Independents
part OF man the soul.
This Is one OF the lines or -....
that have led me to believe most srmlv
that our individuality survives death
think that IS will be proved II. 1. 10 NOT
already done 1 do not say with tho
churches that we shall have immortality
I only say that we shall continue -
exist indefinitely.
Man, believe, will survive as an j,5;.
vidual. and will not be absorbed into ,ho
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1913-02-23

world because they know in advance what
will happen.
A telephone company purposing to lay
conduits will not take any chances. When
they put down their wires in new street
or new section, they know almost to a
certainty just what Is going to take place
In that neighborhood. They have figured
out how population is going to travel and
what sections are going TO be filed up.
They have prepared secret map. under
the guidance OF expert engineers. which
tells them the future OF New York twentv
years in advance.
The public whole is as regular In
its actions and desires as the waves os
the sea.
We know from statistics that one loco.
motive engineer is killed every day in
the year That has been the average for
good many years past, and We know
that to-day and tomorrow, and the next
day. and every other day thereafter ono
engineer will meet with fatal accident.
We know that there will be twenty.eisht
suicides tomorrow, as there were thar
many to-day and the day before and
every other day in the year. That is the
average. and 1t does not vary. There are
thirty murders q day in this country and
we know now how many people will be
murdered during the next year All this
IL scientific fortunetelling. ANYBODY who
studies reports and satisfies Will find
that one years activities are just the sanla
as another's There Is nothing original
and one man IS exactly like another.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1913-02-23

gap between the churches and the peo-
pie they seek to interest The problem is
10 get the churches closer to the out
siders, and here we have in church work
proper and promising field for the eff
cheney expert
Inc EFFICIENCY expert Is doing important
work In the world, because he Is elimin.
ating wastes and encouraging improve
ments which will eventually make for
ideal social conditions. 1t is hard for a
man to take interest in religion when
ne sees 80 many abuses about him and
finds 1t difficult to make a living Ia
a society where there is so much dis
honesty and injustice. When men no
longer feel the sting of poverty and can
look forward to the material future with
confidence then 1t will be an easy matter
to turn their attention to religion. The
churches today do not trust man; he
is compelled to pay for his seat, and In
some churches he cannot enter the build.
ing until he has deposited his coin. Most
of the department stores have more trust
in their customers than the churches haya
in their members.
You have to consider people as per.
sonalities and not merely as members OF
your church. In the business world we
find that name Is a better workman
than mere number. Factories no longer
want hands; they want heads now, be-
cause the efficiency expert has sh ,wn
them that man who Is on the payroll
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1913-02-23

rosy method OF doing things-clerk after
clerk doing nothing else but keep tabs
on other clerks. System is all right II
ii comes after efficiency, but there arc
a great many businesses Systematically
going to the dogs, Energy is not the main
thing; there is, as a matter OF fact, too
much misplaced energy. We have tried
hustling and crowding, but we have found
out that mere speed does not accomplish
anything. Efficiency does not mean more
energy-it means making all energy
count.
Experience is not knowledge Knowl.
edge is what comes from study Most
men are merely habits; they go around
like the clock. Thoir brain has stopped
working. Experience may be a handicap
in many cases. Inexperience has often
proved more valuable than experience.
Inexperiance gives enthusiasm; expert
enc duces hesitation md conserva.
tism. lnexperience has probably done
more for progress than anything else.
Tho man on the inside who knows all
the details of his profession seldom makes
any improvement in It, But the outsider,
who Is comparatively ignorant of tho
things he Is trying to improve. is not
deferred by knowledge of all the imag.
mary drawbacks, and pushes ahead,
bringing out the invention that makes
for progress.
Take brlcklaying: Men have been lay.
Ing bricks for thousands OF years. and al.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1913-02-23
BY HENRI BERGSON
Gin an Interview.)

MT philosophy is not system of laws
lV or formulas. 1t is study of ten.
denotes. phenomena and proba bili-
ties with the object of finding what IS the
nature OF life and why we are here on
earth.
The arguments 7 have assembled are on.
poeeo 10 the theories OF the mechanists.
VINO say that the origin OF all things can
DC explained by the mechanical arrange.
ment OF PARTICLES. A great many leading
scientists now fall into this group. have
Also discarded the systems of those phil.
osophers who sat down and imagined a
philosophy of the origin of life out of their
own heads My method is 10 argue from
ene concrete to the abstract take from
science Whatever knowledge Is useful in
calculating me phenomena of life. and
take from the older philosophers such
methods OF reasoning as are In harmony
with my system OF reasoning from con.
crete things
You know from my writings and lecture,
nave arrived at certain theory
OF inc origin OF life and the universe. 1t
'inpossiole 10 suggest in a conversation
many OF the facts and arguments on which
oase my theory. can only speak of
my conclusions
oeheve that everything that exists
Is the manifestation OF life force. tho
elan vital which is perpetually recreat.
Ing Itself. This is the creative evolution"
OF which have written. There "a IN
each OF us particle of life force, which ia
ABOVE intellect just as much as IL is abova
our PHYSICAL powers. We grow and pro.
gress because The life force wills that we
should do 80. Whatever the life force
Wills must come into being, for that is the
only reality. Therefore II We believe
there Is future life there must be one.
We become aware OF this life forca
through the power of intuition, which Is
immanent in each Of us. is above intellect
and at times enables us TO see into the
very nature of life.
Here you suggest that my philosophy
brings me very close to the great religions
OF the Western world That is true.
have never aimed 20 support religion.
am philosopher and that Is sufficient
for me. am not an exponent OF religion.
But have no animosity to religion. be.
ueve 1t plays most essential part in
,eaching morality and ethics to the peo.
pie. believe that at present at least that
function could not be taken by any other
institution
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1913-02-23

as John Smith will accomplish much more
work that he would if he was merely a
number on the payroll
Scientific business management devel-
oped after the work of Darwin became
familiar. Men in business used to study
affairs in the general aspect; now they
get down to details just as Darwin did
The German army conquered France be-
cause the principles of Darwins method
OF investigation were applied to the or
ganization of the army. and the Germans
when they went into France had a thor.
oughly efficient army. while the French
did not.
Efficiency means a higher percentage
of result. System is not efficiency. You
may have plenty Of system and no eff.
cheney Big corporations have ane sys.
TENS and little efficiency They are often
beaten out by smaller competitors. They
are unwieldy. There are too many men
needed to do the work of one man.
put In claim for ten cents on the New
York City Government to see what would
happen. That claim passed through, rot
less than thirty hands ana cost the :ity
not less than half dollar before / sot
the money-and the ten cents wasn't due
me anyhow. Where there are elaborate
systems you will usually find things pref
ty we'll clogged up. You can have too
much system. but never too much effl-
cheney. Most firms have a Playground.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1913-02-23

WAYS went through the same movements.
few years ago man who had never
laid bricks took It into his head to study
their operations, and the outcome was
that he cut down the bricklayer's move
ments from eighteen to five. The average
day, nov 1t Is up near 5000 day. Eff.
cheney experts have found out that diff.
ferently built men are best fitted for Ger.
tain kinds of work A short man will do
much more with a shovel than tall man.
Not so long ago we had the same kind Of
shovels for every kind Of work: now we
design the shovel to fit the work. We
found through our experiments that il
three men are given the work of two
men, the work will not be done The men
will sac that there Is not enough work to
keep them all busy, and they will rest
frequently, saying. This is easy; we can
take our time" Two men will do the
work much better. because they know
the work is enough to keep them busy
all the time, and they have to keen hust.
ling in order to finish the Job on time.
1t Is safe to make positive measure.
ments for the actions Of people. We
know that per cent of the population
die by accidents every year We know
that the same number will die next wear.
for this percentage never varies. Insur.
ance is nothing but scientific fortune.
telling. They have figures which tell
them Just exactly what will happen. and
they stake their money on the result In.
surance is the most solid business In the
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1913-02-23
Why the New Gospel Of Scientific Efficiency Applies

r-HE new doctrine of efficiency has
been applied TO all lines OF bust
ness and has produced wonderful
results. It has not been used In the con-
Duct OF church affairs. but it should
nrova as successful there as elsewhere.
And we are led TO this belief because we
know that human nature is the same in
all departments OF life. What appeals to
one man. taking him as the average OF
group, will appeal to any other man.
Men are 90 per cent common, and only
10 per cent of any man can be said to be
distinctly individual or unique. People
are merely habits. responding almost au'
tomatically to the same stimuli and doing
the same things under identical condi'
tons
We know Just what to expect when we
handle the raw material for a factory,
such as iron or any other substance,
and human beings are just as much
amenable to calculations as pig iron or
steel. So II efficiency rules can make
tremendous improvements in the business
world, these same rules properly modl
fed to meet church needs. can work
wonders In the management OF religious
organizations.
There Is plenty os raw material for
the churches to work upon and every.
thing iR ready to take care OF this mate.
rial. But 1t seams that there Is too wide
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1913-02-23

a religion for the many. 1t is impossible
10 present a philosophy that seeks to ex-
plain life in such a way that It can oe
grained by the ordinary man who IL abb
sorped In his business or his manual labor.
II we attempt to boil down philosophy
INTO Drief declaration which such a man
can grasp then we have creed which Is
like that OF a religion. 1t requires faith
for its acceptance. because the believer
does not know all that lies behind 1t.
do not be that the churches are
really losing ground. as many believe. /
have found that in history there have al
ways been alternating periods of apparent
strength and weakness. Every church,
with not one exception. is evolving and
must continue to evolve. Religious truth
is not exactly the same today that it was
yesterday. 1t was wrong to murder two
thousand years ago, and it is wrong to-day.
but the definition OF murder has greatly
changed. and will change further. Once
it was not murder to kill man in
private quarrel. but to-day 1t is. Today
Il Is not a murder TO kill men In war. but
we can easily conceive that some day
1t will be-
When the Church appears to be losing its
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1913-02-23
or... Britain RIGHTS Reserved
The Interesting New Philosophy That Refutes
the Mechanistic Theory of Life, by Scien-
tific Reasoning, and Teaches the Sur
vival of Personality After Death, Explained
by Its Chief Professor.

intuition. which is above intellect and
which enables us to see into the very
nature OF things. This intuition is fac.
ulty of the life force which existed endless
iy back In time, which Is in every man
and which Is endlessly rec. ing itself.
Thus Professor Bergson brings us back
by a logical and scientific method to a
system closely resembling the religious
conception OF the soul and Immortality.
Professor Bergson received representa-
i've OF this newspaper in the library of
PRESIDENT Butler, OF Columbia University.
with whom he is staying. and commented
on the most important points of his phil
osophy
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1913-02-23

'ouice OF all things, as the Buddhstic and
o'ner PHILOSOPHERS teach. The constant
tendency of life Is towar,. the evolution OF
INDIVIDUALS, and the processes OF life are
never reversed.
Where shall We so and what shall we
Go after death? Those are questions
which do not wish to answer They can
perhaps best be faith and religion
1t is reasonable TO believe that we .aall
be in a constant process Of change and
evolution. for they are the essential con.
ditions Of life
1t is not iaconceivable that we shall
eventually overcome death earth. but
that can only happen when life here has
become so attractive that there can be no
VIII TO live anywhere else 1t is permits.
sible to speculate that physical science
Will then have reached such development
that man will be able to roam at will
throughout the universe.
The whole of humanity in space and in
time is one immense army galloping be-
side and before and behind each of us in
an Overwhelming charge, able to beat down
every resistance and clear the most enor.
NOUS obstacles, pc APPS even death
philosophy is intended for the few and
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1913-02-23

T TENRI BERGSON. member OF the
French Institute and professor In
the College de France. is the most
interesting philosopher in the world to-
day.
his lectures. both in Paris and New
ork. have been crowded by hundreds OF
.he intelligent general public, and many
nave mad to go away unsat SIZED for lack
OF room. His teachings are discussed at
length by the daily newspapers OF the
whole world. No other philosopher has
received such attention
What is the secret OF his attraction?
lie has discovered by observation of facts
mat there Is in each of us a power called
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1913-02-23
Creative Evolution Gives Us Back Our Souls B.s

nod on the people. It is preparing to make
rapid stride in evolution to meet new
conditions. Religion Is becoming more
philosophical.
The morality which my philosophy
teaches is not essentially different from
that OF religion. The principle that we
should do unto others what we would that
they should do unto u.s. Is supported by
my philosophy. The only criticism would
make upon this Is t'.~t people do not al.
ways know what they ought to do or wish
to do Philosophy in the future VIII make
clear the duty of man to man. will establish
n scientific system Of ethics. This should
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1913-02-23

he one OF LIB most
important functions.
While a philosophic
system may not at flrst
be comprehensive to
the average man. It's
principles must eventu-
ally filter down to him.
II has no value unless
it can become part OF
the life OF the people.
The best ethical rule
I can give Ia that men
should not in1ure one
another, should not In
terfere with the fullest
possible development
OF one another. ] have
spoken at length In my
writings Of the import
ance of Joy and happi-
ness in the develop
ment of life. Since ilfe
is continuous creative
evolution. it is most
necessary that the In
diyidual should feel the
desire to live. Hence
Joy and happiness are
great impulses to pro-
dayeloDod life.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1913-02-23

Ionead and more highly
Eron ,ou,hter as have pointed OUT may
have a valuable influence IN deVe'opine ~
Evory individual has the power OIL choiee'
or free will. and he may VIII 70 h'e y.
not tn live. This does not mean 'na'
ufe will end with his existence on .D''
,,,.t hut his individuality VIII "lthei
IA d,m,nish II the will to live be not
strong.
The life force which we find IN every
living thing must have come ITO"
source That source is unceasins me- ac-
ton, freedom-you may call II Goo. ~
must ALWAYS have existed, for otherwise
there would have been nothing. And
nothing is unthinkable. According to my
views, the original source always existed
in time, but out of space.
From the original source there was
springing up-a 'jaillssement," as have
called it-and this impulse brought Into
existence solar systems. which are to our
senses innumerable. The life force tended
to split up endlessly. and each particle
10 change and evolve. To exist Is to
change, to change is to mature. and to
mature is to go on creating oneself In
definitely.
In each Of us Is this life force. which is
above our intellect and all our other facul
ties This life force Is shown In the form
of intuition, which all of us possess more
or less, and which at times permits US to
catch glimpses of the very nature OF our
existence. 1t Is the inspiration of the poet
and the artist, which enables them to see
the very source eff life with no veil be-
tween.
We may easily understand from the
human eye why faculty OF limited power
IS necessary to our present mode of exist
ence If we had an eye with which we
could see every side of every object 1t
would not serve &c pu,po OF our pres
ent life.
Bisbee daily review., 1913-06-18
BIsBEEs CELEBRATION

The Review is Pained to sec q spir- it Of uufairness prevailing in Doug las in connection with their proposed celebration. If it be possible for that city to attract attention ty promoting creditable celebration of the Ma. tional Independence day that fact win he pleasing to Mother Bisbee. But what, is painful to the Review is to learn from the columins of the Inter national that falsehoods arc current in that city regarding the great cele- bratlon at BIsbee for which an eiab crate program has been Trepared and ample funds subscribed to carry it out. The report that there is any doubt connected with the celebration at Bis bee or that there is any possibility Of it's abandonment is so ridiculous that we are surprised than any Doug las newspaper would give space to it's urterance
 Bisbee announced a celebration O. the Fourth of July in this district long tefore Douglas moved in the matter. p,sbaa vo1,Id have been glad to en- rertafn the few Douglas citizens who have been known in the past to get beyond the wind and dust of the Shelter City. but their absence will in TO way effect the plans or success of inc Warren district celebration which is now assured to be on a grander scale than ever before.
 The Douglas newspapers will do well for themselves and their city by doing all in their power for home sue cess and by desisting from any ef, fort to neddIe with the one at Bis bee. Bisbee is proud Of it's suburban lofspring ir the valley and would re yret the necessity of administeTine spanking for any waywardness oi the youngster.
 When Governor Hunt faces the crowd at Bisbee to deliver the Fourth
 Of July oration it win be the larges
 ever assembled in Arizona and w'
 have no doubt that in that erow' V III be many citizens of Douglas.
Bisbee daily review., 1913-06-18

down the other. In the next trip the drag should be started a little nearer the center and the last trip over the road will be thrown in the horse track and smeared by the round side of the log smoothly over the road. The smearing Of the earth by the drag is called pudding" and it tends to make the surface fthe road smooth and water tight after the sun comes out. The road Is always dragged after t has rained aud not when it is dry. A good. strong pair Of horses with well-bunt drag can drag about 6 or miles of road in day, and it is the best way to maintain good roads. In every county some farmer along each 4 miles O; road should own a drag and drag the road when it rains and he would always find tke road in good condition when he goes to mar ket.
Bisbee daily review., 1913-06-18

Honorable men. But it is a good
 thing for the public to know that the West virginian is employed by twen- ty-two railroads to look after their in terests at Washington. It is also a good thing to know that the Indian ian is employed by the Powder Trust And all other men similarly employed, whether ex-statesmen or not should be identified as lobbyists. so that the people may know.