davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-04-20
The Somewhat Uncharitable Judgment Of
History Upon This Magnetic and Potent
Statesman Has Been Sensibly Amel-
iorated in Recent Years.

generally criticised as a public man who
from motives of personal ambition played
into the hands of the South and antagon-
lied the sentiment and interests Of his
own section.
1t Is undoubtedly true that he set out
deliberately to cultivate the favor OF
the slave states in order TO strengthen
himself as a candidate for the Demo
cratic Presidential nomination Under the
two-thrds rule i'm Democratic national
conventions the nomination was pretty
certain to 80 TO some politician known in
the language of that day as "a Northern
man with Southern principles" He and
Cass were set aside in 1854 for Franklin
Pierce because the South thought that
Pierce would make a more dependable
President. SO Douglas conceived the idea
of proving his usefulness to the slave
power by securing the repeal of the Mis-
souri, Compromise. dividing the territory
of Nebraska into two parts and giving
the South chance TO create another slave
state In the southern half TO be known
as Kansas. In order TO square himself
with Northern Democrats more or less
opposed to the extension of slavery he
borrowed Cass's doctrine of "squatter
sovereignty" renamed it popular SOW
ereignty" and declared that IL was en-
tirely in consonanoe with Democratic
principles TO allow the inhabitants of each
new state in process of formation to say
in their constitution whether they wanted
to admit the institution Of slavery or TO
exclude IL.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-04-20
Continued on fourth page.


I think the great majority will attain 10
the normal type.
Il consider environment more import
ant than heredity. and believe that # can
correct conditions unless a child is OF ex-
ceptionally poor heredity. In saying this.
of course. the anatomical must be con-
sidered apart from the psychological side
of the child. child may be perfect ana
tomically and not psychologically Given
a poor physique, a bad environment
might overthrow the child. Given a good
body. there is likelihood Of a sane mind.
1.-The value Of discovering the progress
Of the physical development OF a child I'm
the formative period is that many OF the
ills which threaten the childs future may
be .obviated. For instance. Dr. Hrdicka.
now of the Smithsonian Institution. and.
, myself, made a series OF measurements of
1000 children in which we found the aver
age dimensions for different ages OF vari-
Gus members Of the body. From these we
found that at birth the circumference OF
the head averages from thirteen TO four
teen inches, while the chest is about an
inch less in girth. and that the length il
20.7 inches. At the age of six months
the head and chest approximate each
other in this respect, the normal being
about seventeen inches. At the age OF
year the head is only slightly increased
in size, while the chest has expanded
nearly two inches, and is now something
more than an inch larger than the head.
IF, now, we should find a child at the
age of twelve months whose head and
chest were of the same girth We should
know that il was abnormal, although they
might be of good size. II the child's head
should continue to develop progressively
at the same rate as the body, it would be
an indication that the internal organs and
the capacity for digestion were imperfect
and the capacity for resistance TO disease
was small.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-04-20
THE DRIED SCOTT DECISION.

The South failed TO get much practical
satisfaction out OF the Kansas-Nebraska
act. but It was greatly heartened at the
outset of Buchanans administration by
the bred Scott decision. That, as Jeffer-
son Davis and his followers realized, was
a far stouter prop put under the slave
system than any mere dictum that slav-
cry might be established by vote OF the
inhabitants of any OF the territories.
Chief Justice fancy in the bred Scott
decision held in effect that slaves were
merely property under the Constitution
and when carried into the territories must
be protected there like any other prop
erty. That judgment seemed TO enable
the South to dispense with the trouble
Of fighting for possession OF the local gov
ernments in the territories. Slavehold-
ers could take their chattels there and
demand protection, whatever the predilec-
tions Of the local majority. for If, as the
Supreme Court held. Congress had no
power TO exclude slavery from the terri
tories. how could the territorial legislat-
ures. acting under the direct control OF
Congress. have the power 10 exclude II?
Douglas did not see at first the Inherent
contradiction between the principle I'M
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-04-20

is in the bank awaiting the coming OF
age because he or she was a particularly
healthy baby is going to have an infiu-
ence upon his or her ideas regarding
parenthood and the essentials for the
production of healthy children.
Some of the parents of the babies which
do not win the first prize this year, are
going to plan how 10 fit their babies for
prizes next year. In the course of the
year. also. prospective mothers, through
the nurses of the Department of Health
and the milk stations, are going TO be told
what they can do which will aid in the
production OF prize winning babies. In
other words they are going TO be helped
TO bring healthy children into the world.
In talking with the writer a few days
ago regarding the value Of the contests,
Or. G.. r. Pisek. medical director OF
the New York milk committee and who
had charge OF the scoring of the babies at
the show held a week ago, said;
THE underlying idea OF the health baby
contest is educational. A contest Is the
most promising method Of impressinS
upon the mother the value OF certain
things which are requisite for the sue
cessful rearing OF children. 1t is a means
of exciting interest in the more important
details. which a simple beauty contest
will not do 1t serves TO draw attention
TO the essentials and indicates the de-
fects which can and should be remedied
Mothers often are unaware of conditions
and habits which are interfering with the
favorable growth of their children ana
which can be remedied. OF the children
submitted for examination in this contest,
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-04-20

with the accumulated interest. This GER
,ainlv ought to be an incentive to make
the grip on the thread of life tight one.
The contest, the entry list for which is
TO open Oh May 1 at the milk stations. viii
he confined to babies not over two years
cid. The first prize is to go to the most
perfect infant over one year OF age, as
determined by measurement and display of
favorable psychological characteristics 1t
will not be eligible for another prize at tho
shows of succeeding years. The second
prize Will go to baby between six months
and a year in age, and II will be eligible
for entry the following year for the first
prize. This ought 20 stimulate the fond
mother to greater exertions In the care OF
her child. The third prize VIII be award
ed 10 infants under six months OF age
These will be eligible for the contests in
succeeding years for second and first
prizes. Moreover. there is to be special
prize of $50 offered to the baby now less
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-04-20
AN IMPORTANT FACT.

This is a very important fact to know,
for IL points out the danger OF such
disease as ricketts,. This disproportionate
develop ment may also be followed by a
deformed chest and bow legs or knock
knees. We find that the correct relation
ship between the size of the head and OF
the chest is most apt 10 be found and
least apt 10 be disturbed in the breast
fed child.
when you go back in smany Of the
cases OF improper development you dis
cover that often they are the result Il
dietary errors, of unbalanced rations. pro-
ducing ricketts,, or malnutrition. and some
times infantile scurvy. Ricketts,. as a rule,
is due TO a preponderance of starches IN
the diet. II they have not been made
strong on the maternal supply the fault
is probably in the breast milk.
I'VE hope to secure as one Of the re-
suits Of these contests a series OF meas
urements for children from two TO five
years old. For these ages the medical
profession lacks such measurements. We
can get groups OF children in the institu-
tons and in the schools, but for the ages
between those at which they are taken 10
the clinics and entered in the kindergar-
ten, we have little satisfactory data.
IF we carry on these baby shows to
older groups of children, children who
have not yet entered school. We will not
only get data we need, but we will also
be doing something of value in preventive
medicine. The children are examined
when they go TO school and. perhaps, some
ailment is found which must be remedied.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-04-20

tho, six months old which shall make the
best progress between May and octooe.
l. The child's first summer is 18th the most most
critical period of its existence more PAINS ANS.
.an,rg care being required to get the baby
.,'.o,eb This season of the year than any
other. ,.,o,t ~,
danger of transmission of disease from
ona ' child to another at this show for none
Of the infants will be placed on exhl0i.l'n
"a M more than six will ever be In
-, together at the time OF measure
,on, No mother will be separated from
oh,d one hundred babies. selected
.'e' enc entry list at the milk stations,
,., ~, he accepted for the contest The
Sah,.s will be measured and scored by
aoo,ors selected by Or. L. Emmett Holt
scorecard prepared by Dr. Holt
Thev will be photographed, one print be.
ing given to the mother The other t,,aon will
he he exhibited with the record attached
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-04-20
- 49, ~ 10 ~ Z-cI z5e ~1%1 Id55 /eo0z

The exhibition Of babies, therefore. VIII be
Photographic solely.
The exhibition itself will be OF interest
and of great value to parents ana pros
nect,ve narents. for it will be made up OF
tweIve booths which will contain a model
~ milk station. pictures and legends.
shouinp what the Department of Health
and other institutions are doing to save
hahies and charts and cartoons giving
information upon such subjects as hered-
,tarv svnhilis. the inheritance OF feeble
mindedness. prenatal care. the care OF
the row horn, the care OF milk In the
homo infant feeding. rules for the nurs-
ing mother and midwifery. After the close
OF the exhibit it may be turned into
travelling show to be used IN connection
with other baby health contests.
T., 90 axnected that eugenic work will be
ACCOMPLISHED through several different
avenues. For instance, the knowledge OF
a growing boy or girl that a money prize
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-04-20

The South was extremely grateful to
him for the part he played. in the passage
of the Kansas Nebraska act. 1t would
gladly have seen him nominated for the
Presidency in 1856. But he had played his
cards too well. The revolt of pubic senti-
ment at the North against the repeal of
the Missouri Compromise and the many
Democratic reverses in 1854 and 1888 had
made il dangerous TO nominate for Presl-
dent anybody who had had hand in
starting the fight for the possession OF
Kansas James Buchanan. who had been
out of the country for four years as Min
lister to Great Britain, was put forward
by Northern Democrats. who were afraid
to make a campaign with either Douglas
or Pierce. These latter divided the South
ern strength in the Democratic National
Convention of 1856. and Pierce, after sew
eral ballots, withdrew in Douglass favor.
But Buchanan's obvious availability car
ried him through, many Southerners pc
coming convinced that he alone. OF all
the candidates. could carry the doubtful
State of Pennsylvania.
Douglass ambition had overleaped Itself
Yet he swallowed his disappointment and
theoretically supported Buchanan. The
latter was a respectable figure In many
WAYS. but events proved that he was as
much "a Northern man with Southern
principles" as Pierce was. The Rlch-
mond Enquirer said of Buchanan that
"he never gave vote against the interest
of slavery and never uttered a word
which could pain the most sensitive
Southerner." That was true judgment.
But Douglas in the pursuit of his popular
sovereignty theory was destined to utter
many words which would shock the South
and bring him to dagger's points with a
..aa..ul. faco,, PraSident Ike BUCHANAN.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-04-20

rEXT Wednesday will be the Tooth
anniversary of the birth of Stephen
/ A. Douglas. Fame has been some
what unkind 10 this once noted Ameri-
can statesman. To most people to-day he
is little more than a history schoolbook
name. They remember only vaguely what
he did and what he was. Yet in his prime
he was one of the overshadowing figures
on the political stage. James Ford
Rhodes. the historian. who has little ten
derness for Douglas. pays this tribute 20
his influence and popularity:
mo American statesman but Clay ever
had such a personal following He now
fin 1851 became the leader of the Demo-
cratic party; he retained the leadership
of the Northern Democrats TO the last
and since Andrew Jackson no man has
possessed the influence. received the con-
Adence or had the support that it was
the lot of Douglas to enjoy from the
Democrats of the northern half of the
Union. From 1854 to 1858 he was the cen
ire Of the political history of the country;
from 1S5S 10 1860 he was the best known
man in the United States; but after the
contest with Lincoln. in 1858, ii became
apparent that the Little Giant had met
his match in that other son of Illinois"
HIS REPUTATION IN ECLIPSE.
II is easy to understand why Douglass
reputation was quickly eclipsed His ma
tional leadership rested upon the plan he
had offered for composing, or at least
postponing, what Seward had called the
'irrepressible conflict between the slave
system and free soil sentiment That
plan-embodied in the Kansas-Nebraska
bill-was. in brief. to repeal the Missouri
Compromise and to allow the people of
the territories carved out of the remain
der OF the Louisiana Purchase to decide
for themselves whether they would sane
ton slavery or not. 1t was an ingenious
and plausible plan on its face. but it did
not work as its supporters thought /
would work. II did not bring peace. but
a sword. and really fastened disunion and
secession. Both South and North discov-
cred that their differences would have
TO be settled by an appeal to arms, and
in the booming Of the guns which opened
on Fort Sumter the voices of the states
men. North and South. who had coun-
selled futile compromises were deadened
and lost. Douglas died in June, 1861, when
the war was only two months old. lie
had no chsrce TO readjust himself to the
new conditions which the nation faced.
The leadership which made him famous
became at once of merely academic and
historical Importance thing of the
buried past.
such il has remained for the greater
part Of the last fifty years. But the
lapse Of time has brought his achieve
ments as a statesman into juster per-
spective and has corrected the somewhat
uncharitable judgment passed upon him
nv tine generation which bore the brunt
Of the Civil War. He has been very
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-04-20

~HE other day baby health contest
WAS held in a schoolhouse on the
l. upper East Side. Babies of all com
binations of parentage appeared. Ihere
were Youngsters of Russian-Jewish par
entage. of American. Of negro, of IRISH
and two of the three prize winners were
OF such combinations as German ana
Irish and German and Swiss. 1t was an
exciting scene. The babies In their char-
lots were lined up before batteries OF
cameras. and proud mothers, anxious
that their children should look their oest'
"cot on the nerves" Of the photographers
by dashing into the ranks of the carriages
10 turn the heads of their offspring TO
the front Just as the trigger was to be
pulled on the fashlight powder. There
were only thirty or forty heads on the
creased necks. With all the enthusiasm
of extreme youth, they exercised their
neck muscles And then the hashiight.
That was the last straw. The sound OF
the pistol shot was followed by thirty or
forty howls in different keys, for all ex-
cept the placid negro entry found thls
too much"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-04-20
TWO SHOWS IN MAY.

II is expected that in the month OF May
two shows will be held-one In aholhe.
schooIhouse in connection with Cnii"
Welfare exhibit and the other at the ch'-
versity Settlement, where ambitious plans
have been in preparation for some time
The latter will be of marked interest anu
will have eugenic characteristics wnich
should make 1t Of great value. The prizes
are to be savings bank books showing oe-
posits of $50 $35 and SIS. which, now
ever, will not become the property Oh ,he
prize winners until they are twenty-ohe
years old. when they will receive them
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-04-20
INTEREST IN BABIES.

The excitement, however. was only an
incident when the significance of the
scene is taken into account. 1t was sim
ply an evidence that the interest in
healthy babies in this city is greater than
some persons have imagined. The inter
est exhibited in this show of healthy
babies exceeded all expectation. 1t was
thought that a dozen or two specimens vi
miniature men and women would De ell
tered. lust enough to introduce new
method of teaching parents how 10 raise
better babies. on the contrary, the
mothers showed that they were Interested
By fiocking to the building with their IN
fants, literally by the hundred. Ihey
came from all over Manhattan and from
ether parts of the city. Upward or lou
babies were measured and weighed. Ihen
came the representatives Of the news
papers in such numbers that the little
n anageress" felt like the old woman
who lived in the shoe and had SO many
children she did not know what TO 90.
This interest is not only to have an OUT
let but is to be stimulated. There are l"
be baby shows all over the CITY, Inc
Babies Welfare Association, which nao
great deal to do with stimulating interest,"
In the idea the New York MIX Commit
tees subcommittee on infant mortailty
and the Bureau of Child Hygiene oil the
Department of Health-all are taxing d
share in the project. and the idea' which
was developed in Iowa, the state OF pro-
gressive ideas. and carried out with re-
markable success in the so-called slow CITY
Of Philadelphia last year. is 10 find lodge
ment In the conservative City OK Ne"
York. A few days ago a plan was worked
out by the committee on reduction OF
infant mortality which probably VIII re-
suit In the establishment of a sciehtihc
stanan "a Tor ha hieg
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-04-20
STEPHEN A. DOUGLAS LITTLE GIANT OF AMERICAN POLITICS
The Noted Orator Who Met More Than His
Match in Abraham Lincoln, Although
Led by Ambition Into Blunders, Had
the Elements of Greatness.

, DERIVING the bred Scott decision and his
favorite theory Of popular sovereign
He made a speech applauding the decision
and saying that 1t agreed with his own
contention that the Missouri Compromise
was unconstitutional. He was still try
ing to ride two horses. and II was nos
until 1858 that Lincoln, in the Freeport
debate, pinned him down to asserting that
slavery cannot exist day or an hour
anywhere unless II Is supported by local
police regulations. He then gave the pop
ular sovereignty theory this turn; Those
police regulations can only be established
by the local legislature; and II the peo--
pie are opposed to slavery they Will elect
representatives to that body who Will. by
unfriendly legislation, effectually prevent
tho Introduction Of 1t into their midst.
BREAKING WITH THE SOUTH.
No wonder the South considered such q
statement a complete reputation OF tho
Supreme Courts ruling and classified
Douglas thereafter as only little less
foe of slavery than Lincoln or Garrison.
The actual break with the South came,
however. on side issue Douglas OPP
posed the acceptance by Congress OF the
Iecompton constitution. forwarded from
Kansas, because that instrument had not
been submitted TO popular vote. Fresi-
dent Buchanan and the Southern leaders
wanted X approved in spite OF tho fact
that It represented the will OF only q
small fraction OF the voters OF Kansas
and had not been regularly ratified even
| 70 IA n n
to chicanery In Kansas resulted In .
heated interview between him and the
President.
Horace Greeley. in his "Recoiiections
of Busy Life" tells this story OF the
encounter:
"'Mr. Douglas said the President
how are we to allsy the contention and
trouble created by the strife over the
Lecompton constitution
why. Mr.. President replied his
guest. I do not see how you should have
any trouble in the premises. The Con-
stitution says Congress shall make all
needful rules and regulations respecting
the territories, but l cannot recall any
clause which requires the President to
make any Thus the conversation ran on
until the President. waxing warm, saw
fit TO warn his visitor that his present
course would, II persisted in. soon carry
/ him out Of the Democratic party.
Mr.. Senator he inquired. do you
clearly apprehend the goal to which you
are now tending?
Eyes, sir promptly responded the
Little Giant. L have taken a through
/ ticket and checked all my baggage"
Rhodes in his history gives different
climax to the interview. According TO
him Buchanan said: "Mr. Douglas, / de-
sire you to remember that no Democrat
has ever yet differed from an administra-
Continued ON fourth mage.
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1913-01-14

~
No mess: You
don't have to
make d plaster.
or bother with Il
cloth. .e..
Wherever peo-
pie try MUSTER
GLE once, they
Insist on 1t al
W a v s. Every
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1913-01-14
BRISTOL.

tSrfSrSSsSS$SsSenrsrN
BRISTOL, irCL 14,-Aal the streams
linepghout ifds eeeIEn were cut Of
banks owing TO Tine heavy d-wnlpour
of rain Saturday, CuNedts were
wta.Gied cut in sievernl places, ami
.3tl-lys were t:rn up IN great shape.
Many dcl.t bAl.ses were also taken
out by tti, ~ II waLer.
j. lLulrlSi In.nes, eli Indian run,
was shopping I'm Salem Earhlrday ANA
was eolntpefsed 10 remain ali: nlghi
theirs on account or tiss WATER being
over the br1Ise at tine upper end q
3rs,rB
Htram Dl Lynch was lgsIlt5ng at the
ilnude of ny and Mhs. L1hu Sllshau
ON Salem fink creek FfJlRy.
Hiram j. Lynch, OF Maken. Is
weatfng a bn1ad smile these days. A
bouncing boy baby was lcln: to Mr.
and MIS-. Lynch All their homie uhare
q few days aga
Misses Beside Hhrbert and Ora
Ritter. of Salem fork creek. have gane
to clarksburg, whore thiSy VIII attend
the West Virginia business ceilege.
Mrs. Etflel Harbe,rt, OF tu1e Wesi
END, who has been i'll of 1agrfppe
has about recovered.
The lumber is being hnuled, TO the
Eocafion on the San1ueil 70 Uanhan
farm en- Big Rock Camp.
eIrs. UGEt Ritter end son. Arnett,
of tine nclrgh side. were recent Shlem
bus'ross yfslcrs.
worthFngton Marsh, OF the MArsf
Brothers DhqEng Company, wcnt to
shamlstgn Saturday to look after
business matters
'Rutus Davis, Lloyd shahan and
Earl sEgley all CT dhls place. have
returned to Parkershurg, where they
are attending the Mountain stare
Bus,hess cdTege
Wizard Pfouts tan moved from the
D. G. Lcruchery res.csase n the East
End 10 The property recently pur.
chased by Newton BgltngsIee.
Mrs. outntnlla Lynda Was caliine
on Mrs. Cora Barnes sIInhay evening
On Snake Run, Greenbrser district
poddridge county, Trainer BROTHERS
fare testing Their ven en- the 4 H
stsckle farm in the Big Iniun sand.