Semi-weekly herald., 1913-04-28

short rods three feet long or less, and 4
even in extreme cases no rod at all, |
is practice that is responsible for
wormy apples, poor crops and a loss
of money. The only excuse for their |
use may be found in the fact that they
arc more convenient to handle, and the
lazy man finds his work less labori- /
Gus. Spraying, if done well, is not
lazy mans job, and he who would
try it make it such is apt to have
poor success.
NOzzles
There are great many good noz-'
zles on the market and the kind that
should be used will depend principally
on the kind of insect to be sprayed
for, the amount of pressure the spray
er is capable of maintaining and the
coarseness or fineness OF spray re-
uuired.
In general, there are two types of
nozzles, one known as the vermorel
type and the other the bordeaux. The
former throws conical-shaped mass
of spray, the latter flat or fan
shaped. There are many good nozzles
of each type and which one is used
is largely matter of individual likes
and dislikes. Personally, for codling
moth work, which is the principal
spraying work in Colorado, | prefer
the vermorel type, because with it the
greatest efficiency is possible with the
least amount of spray liquid. The
bordeaux is splendid nozzle, but is
more or less wasteful. This is es-
pecially true when they become slight
ly worn. The vermorel for work
where a driving spray is required
must have a medium coarse hole, in
the cap sufficient to allow the pas
sage of large volume of liquid
| through it, and yet not so coarse as
| to make the individual spray particles
! too large for the best work. The
coarseness of the spray will depend
greatly on the pressure the pump is
capable of maintaining, and the size
of opening must be gauged by this
pressure.
| In spraying for codling moth it is
necessary to have a rather coarse
driving spray when the calyx applica-
tion is made; later in the season the
object of the spray is to coat the
surface of the apples, and such can
better be accomplished with fine
spray. In spraying for the control
of San Jose scale-and the object is
to coat every square inch of surface
! on tree, a rather fine spray can
1 be used to better advantage than a
very coarse one. The nozzle to meet
all the requirements must be adjust
J able so that either a fine, medium OF
coarse spray may be used, as de-
sired. This is accomplished in the
vermorel type by the use of different
caps or washers in the nozzles, hav-
ing different sized holes through
/ which the liquid must pass, and ir
the bordeaux the size of single hole
is regulated by bringing smaller
or greater portion of it in con
tact with a straight edge, thus less.
ening or increasing the volume OF
spray and also the fineness or coarse
ness of it.
Usually the nozzle should be direct
ed so that the spray will be thrown
at an angle of about As degrees from
the plane of the rod. For this pur.
pose 45 per cent angle is made tc
attach to the nozzle end of the roc
and should be used in connection witt
the ordinary bordeaux nozzle or any
| other which cannot be adjusted so as
to attain the desired angle. Thi.
angle is a great help in spraying foi
codling moth when it is necessary tc
fill the calyx cups. Most of the bios.
| SONS point upward, and unless the
spray is directed downward the great.
est efficiency cannot be attained
There has been some objection to
the use of the angles where high
pressure was used because in such
cases there is tendency for the spray
rod to go upward when holding it
and considerable effort is necessary to
hold it down. Again, the lazy man
objects, but his objection is overcome
by the greatly increased efficiency
and as the orchard is no place for
him, anyway, his place should be
filed with someone who is willing tc
work a little harder in order that he
may attain the desired end.
One case came under my notice
where nozzlemen threatened to cease
work for man unless he gave up
the use of the angles. Rather thar
lose them, he did so Better fire the
men and get some more. if such is
| possible, in cases like this.
In another case aluminium rods were
being used, and, being light, it was
even greater task to keep them
down. 1t is probably better with the
angle and high pressure to use a
heavy rod rather than the light alum
mum.
The Tower