Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1913-06-11

STUDYING The GULF STREAM
Dr.. Manson Continues His Scientific
Researches at the University Of
Observation-Disclosures in Finland to
Erect Monument in Commemoratlon
Of the Introduction Of Christianity
Into That Country.
+ + j. + + !. :: + !. + + !. J. + + +
]. NORWAY. +
+ !. i. !. j. !. :. :. !. !: !. :! !. j. + !. j.
When DR.. Nansen retired from the
post of Norwegian minister, says
Christiania correspondent, he immedi-
ately resumed the scientific studies
which he had temporarily abandoned
when he entered diplomatic circles. A
professorship in oceanography was
created for him at the University of
Christiania and since that time he
has been devoting good deal of his
time to the continuance of his scien-
tific researches. In lecture he re-
Gently delivered in Christiania DR..
Nansen dwelt at length on his re-
searches of the so called gulf
stream" This special subject of DR..
Nansens Is the result of his investi-
cations of the currents in the North
Atlantic. These researches he began
during his cruise in the Norwegian
gun vessel Fridtjof in 1910. He had
also, he said in his lecture, to great
extent made use of the observations
of Sir John Murray and DR.. Johan
Hort during their expedition in the
Michael Sears in 1910, and of Captain
Road Amundsen's researches on
board the Fran in the same year. The
lecturer had also made use of Danish
and German researches in recent
years, besides the important investiga-
tons made by the British Challenger
expedition in 1872-76. DR.. Nansen
stated that he had arrived at the con-
clusion that the so called "gu!f
stream" which is of such great i'm.
portance to the whole Northwestern
Europe and especially to the condi-
tons of life in Norway, had very lit
tie to do with the real gulf stream
passing through the straits of Florida.
With regard to the course and origin
of the warm current in the North.
eastern North Atlantic he had come to
conclusions which differed much from
the views of the majority of earlier
oceanographers. The lecturer showed
and described a great number of Sec
tons of the eastern part of the North
Atlantic in the region between Ire
land and the Canary islands and he
pointed out that the inclinations of
the strata in all these sections seemed
to prove that there existed a deep
current between the surface layers
and a depth of 800 fathoms, flowing
northward from the region between
Madeira and the Azores and along the
west coast of Southern Europe. DR..
Na1rs~r> further pointed out that the
northeastern dr11C-cu.--->+~ cross the
| North Atlantic was probably to some
extent divided into water masses, flow
ing partly northward and partly
| southwark west of the submarine
ridge, which extended northward of
the Azores. Some part of the water
masses flowing in southerly and south
| easterly directions Joined the north
ward flowing current west of MADEIRA,
while the northward flowing water
masses northward of the Azores
found, to some extent, their way east
ward as surface current across the
ridge, and the waters of this surface
current joined the deep current flow
ing northward along the southwest
coast of Europe. Thus arose the warm
Atlantic current west of the British
isles, which passed between the
Shetlands and the Farce island into
the North sea. DR.. hansen is prepar.
ing work in English, in which he
will describe in full his investigations
of the subject.
| \ X J.
DR.. S. J. johnson, the Norwegian
historian who is writing a series of
Interesting historical articles on the
Observation-Disclosures, says among 9th
er things regarding the "Sons Of Nor
way" The characteristic feature OF
this society is the, absolutely spon-
taneous growth from beginnings which
we're not planned for an extensive or
ganization. From society of eighteen
men who first met in an informal way
and bound themselves to give assist.
ance to any member in case of sick.
ness or death there has grown up an
organization with lodges from coast to
coast and from the Gulf to the Alas
kan coast with assets and life insur.
J ance in force running up into the mil.
lions of dollars. Instead of the one
first single motive of mutual aid in
time Of need, large aims and big un
dertakings have from time to time
been added to its program, and today
the order Of "Sons of Norway" is
one of the strong forces at work among
the Norsemen of America. In the
articles of incorporation of the "Sons
Of Norway" it reads: ITO encourage
and preserve the interest in the Morse
language among the members to such
4