davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-04-03
'O7TUMMANS ARE
IN BURLINGTON
PRESBYTERIAN WORKERS WILL
ATTEND ANNUAL MISSION
AIRY SESSION..

A number of Ottumwa ladies are II
Burlington to attend the thirty-sixtf
annual meeting Of the missionary
societies of the Iowa Presbytery tina,
is to be held there today and Wednes
day. Mrs. R. A. Montgomery, Mrs
Elizabeth Houston and Mrs. M. E.. Coer
will be on the program. The other Ut
tumwans who will attend the meeting
are: Miss Clare Enoch, Miss Mary
Hyde, Miss Ellen Foster, Mrs. Car
Montanus, Mrs. William Ffshbech anc
Miss Beulah Moss.
This is the thirty-sixth annual meet
ing of the women's societies or mons
and foreign missions of Presbytery o.
Iowa The officers Of the organiza
lions are: r.. e.. ..@,r ~
Home Missions.
President-Mrs. S. O. Thomas Of
Vice president-Mrs. J, Ketchum O
Pennington.
Secretary and treasurer-Mrs. ). n
Gattley of Mt. Pleasant. :.
Secretary of literature-Miss M: 3
Robertson of Burlington.
Secretary of Christian Endeavor =
Mrs. Elizabeth Houston OF OttumWa
Foreign Missions.
President-Mrs. R. Ames Mont
gomery of Ottumwa.
Vice president-Mrs. H. Ballatine o.
Burlington. .. @r.
secretary-Mrs. Winona Reeves o.
Keokuk
Treasurer-Mrs w. G.. Blood OF keo
kuk.
Secretary Of literature-Mrs. T. l.
James of Fairfield.
Secretary Of Christian Endeavor -
Miss Mae Waldin of Burlington.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-04-03
G. w. HIDY, BATAVIA,
DIED LAST NIGHT

Batavia, April George w. Hidy.
aged 80, prosperous farmer living
five miles northeast of Batavia, died
at his home last evening at o'clock
from myocarditis. Mr.. Hidy had lived
on the same farm for So years, and
was one of the highly respected farm
ers of this community. The funeral
will be held from the home Wednes-
day afternoon at o'clock. Rev. e, A.
Benzinger, pastor Of the M. e. church
will have charge Of the services.
Burial will be in the Gantz cemetery.
The survivors are his wife, two sons,
Charles, at home, George Of Milo, Ia,
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-04-03
Scents Of Justice.

A gentleman Visiting Jail noticed
colored man of his acquaintance
whom he had never known to be guilty
of wrong-doing.
"Why, Jim, what are you in here
for?" he asked. Cd,
II dom know, sur replied the ne.
gro. ... e.. .&.,r,. "" - ..'. -... 3
well, what have you been do.
ing?" ........,. e. ,, -
"Nothin' t all, suh-nothin' t
ALL"
what made 'em put you in here,
then?"
well, dey SEE, boss, I,wuz sent up
fur fragrancy.' -Lippincott's Maya
zine.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-04-03

pile Of wreckage containing bits of
brick and other debris, In the center
Of which stood large bookcase that
had scarcely been even scratched.
The large glass doors of the case were
not so much as cracked.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-04-03
FIRE AND FLOOD
PROVE A MENACE

Huntington, w. ", April Fire
broke out in the flooded residence dis
trict here early today and threatened
an entire city block but the flames
were checked by the use Of dynamite.
Eleven persons were rescued from the
burning buildings.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-04-03

ployed in Atlantic as a stenographer. is
visiting in Charlton with her parents,
Mr.. and Mrs. T.. Courier.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-04-03

Mrs J. P. Swanson, $40 Grant
street, and Mrs. A. M. DeFrance, 71S
West Fourth street, have gone to
Blakesburg to attend the Andrew Pear
son funeral.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-04-03

Mems $500 Raincoats ......... $1.75
Mems 81 Watches at :. .......... 69'
Mems SIS Wool Pants $2.79
Mems 25c Suspenders ......... 15(
Mems Handk'fs, 3 for .......... 1Oe
Mems So Corduroy Pants ...... $1.35
Mems &c Work Sox ........... SC
Mems SC Work Sox, 3 for ........ 1Oc
Mems SOC Knit Ties ............. 25c
The Alaska citizen., 1913-04-07
V|CE.PRES|DENT
ASKED TO RETIRE

WASHINGTON. March 1.-Vice
President-elect Marshall. today a pri-
yate citizen, but next Tuesday to b,
presiding officer of the senate. was
forced to leave the marble room II
the rear of the senate chamber to
day, because the rules do not per
nit strangers to be Within the
senate's precincts during an eXecu
tive session
You can run me out now. boys"
he said, laughing, as he left the
corridor, but you can't do it three
days from now"
Marshall's visit to the senate was
unexpected and in the short time
he was at the capitol he greeted
many members of the senate with
whom he is to associate during
the next four years. He reached the
capitol unattended. his purpose being
to call on the president of the ser
ate as he had previously paid his re
poets to the president of the United
States The future vice president
was shown the small room in the
rear of the senate chamber that
is to be his office, and he was then
escorted into the marble room where
senators receive guests.
He was holding general recep-
ton when the senate went into eX-
ecutive session. and he was forced
to withdraw Marshall stayed in
the capitol few minutes, continuing
his reception in the Office of the ser
geant-at-arms, and then returned to
his hotel.
The Alaska citizen., 1913-04-07
WILLIAMS LEFT FOR
ARCTIC LAST WEEK

owen Williams left town last
Wednesday morning bound for the
arctic where he W Il spend year
in hunting and trapping. From Fair
banks he is making for Rampant
i which place he will turn and fol
'ow the course of the Yukon as far
as Indian Village and thence up the
Chandlar. In the Chandlar he will
pick up a companion and the pair
VII then with all speed push li2h
through to the Arctic coast.
The whole trip will be made with
a dog team which Mr.. Will ans
took from Fairbanks For their years
work the men are fully equipped
and have high hopes for great sue
'ess.
While the trip is intended only
for hunting and trapping the part
ners will have their eyes open for
anything they may run into in the
mining line.
The Alaska citizen., 1913-04-07
FALLS ELEVEN STORIES
AND Tells HOW IT FEELS

RALEIGH, n c., Mar. 40 c.
Felter, a workman of Mount Rainier
Md. fell eleven stories from the
top of the Citizens National Bank
building today, and fifteen minutes
after the fall told the story of his
dizzy drop. Felter sustained a frac-
tured skull. caused by bricks falling
upon him; two broken ribs, and nu
merous minor injuries.
He explained that at the top of
the building somebody signaled the
elevator from under him and he fell
into the hole after it. Before
the machinery struck the bottom
be fell on it, but had gone the en-
tire distance Felter was taken to
the hospital, after having lapsed into
Inconsistencies - He has little
chance of recovery. phys clans state.
The Alaska citizen., 1913-04-07
SABlN IS APPOINTED
As ROAD SUPERVISOR

Commissioner John F. Dillon last
Wednesday appointed Mel Sabin to
the position of road overseer for
I'll district for the coming year
Upon his appointment Mr.. Sabin put
up the required $1,000 and immedi
ately started in to make prepare
ions for the coming years work.
His appointment was made to fill
the place made vacant by John c.
Wood who is now connected with
the marshars office.
Mr.. Sab;n will have under his
charge all the road construction and
repair on Pedro, Dome, Goldstream.
engineer. Little Eldorado, Cleary
and Fish creek. as we'll as the
levying and superintendent of the
collection of poll taxes on the
same creeks. The disbursement of
the money also comes under the di-
rection of the road supervisor
The new appointee is considered
by all acquainted with the posi-
ton to be we'll fitted for it, as he
has extensive experience in road con-
struction and his thorough knowl-
edge of the territory under his charge
The Alaska citizen., 1913-04-07
RECEIVER WILL TRY TO
RECOVER FROM R. {. WOOD


'"'se +. T. + u''ef. III the us
irlct court last week. authorized r.
seiver + 6. Noyes. Of the defuuet
tashington.Alaska Eauk ~ ms,,s
,emand unon + G Wood for tho w.
urn of s13 0na which tho racaivar
claims belongs to the bank TEs
authority was granted by the court
after he had heard the uetifiou of
he receiver raauest No. the in.
structions
The petition. drawn m and pre.
scented bv Attorney q !, Rvdar ,ha
new attorney for tho rereiver &c,
up as follows.
Thai + r Rarnetfo W IN and
II G Wood originally formed
The Alaska citizen., 1913-04-07
MANY return after
HOLIDAY OUTSIDE

The largest load of passengers
to arrive on any one stage this win
ter reached town last Thursday after
noon when the Orr rig pulled IN
from the coast The trip through
from Chitina was made in the regu-
lar schedule of six days notwith-
stand ng the large load of passen-
gers and merchandise.
Among thase returning from the
winter spent in the sunny climes
of the south were Mr.. and Mrs.
r. C. Wood, both of whom left
for the Outside late last fall; Mr..
and Mrs. Jack Bigelow; Louis Gar
finkle, a travelling man from Seattle;
Frank G. Manley, who went out
over the trail with Mrs Manley on
one of the first stages last fall; Will
lam Lawrence, nephew of Mr.. Man
ley who has been sojourning in the
States for several months; c. c.
Stubblef ED: A. Christopher and
wife; Mrs. Jack Baird, who is en-
route to Iditarod; Mrs. J. A. Gus
tafson, after the winter spent in
southern Californ a; J. l.. Sale, who
went out on the last boat before
the closing of navigation; E. w.
Mover and Mrs O'Bryan
Besides the above passengers the
stage drew along double ender
loaded with mail
The Alaska citizen., 1913-04-07
ANDERSON. BROTHERS DISPLAY
BEAUTY HOMEMADE LAUNCH.

Pedestrians along Cushman street
last Wednesday afternoon all stop
ped and stood gazing in admiration
at the beauty motor boat that was
lying on the street in front of An
derson Brothers & Nerland's store
The launch, whose lines are as
graceful as any that ever glided the
water, was built by the Messrs. An
derson at their shop during the
winter months and is % feet 8
inches long. with beam of six
feet
The craft will be propelled by d
gasoline engine and twin screw pro
pellers that were purchased from one
of the largest motor boat factories
of the East, and that are the very
last word for speed and service.
The boat, which is very light
for it's size and width. will draw less
than II inches of water. and for
this reason will be christened Ankle
Deem"
The Alaska citizen., 1913-04-07
new NAVIGATION
COMPANY FORMED

Last week saw the launching of a
new enterprise in Fairbanks when
several owners of independent steam
boats made arrangements with the
koyukuk Trading and Transportat on
company for the coming season
The above company was formed
- Messrs. J. W. McCord. J. c..
Kinney, Captain Langley and + J.
Hackett who plan to operate the
boats from the Yukon up the Koyu-
!iuk as far as navigation will permit
The boats Dusty Diamond and Ben
Hur will be put into operation as
soon as the river clears, leaving
Fairbanks for the koyukuk with a
load of supplies and tools consign-
ed to Hughes. Later in the season
the Martha Glow. which is undergo
ing extensive repairs, will be put
into commission and worked with the
other two boats
The Alaska citizen., 1913-04-07

This year the only contest in any
election was over this place which
was keenly contested. the campaign
being WaCed most strenuouSly b.
the friends of the two candidates
On election day vehicles Of nj dis
eriptionS were put into use trans
porting voters to the polling boo ii
ard lusty-lunged youngsters dem
onstrated their true patriotism IN
taking the keenest interest in the
proceed ngs, parading the streets
and "buiton-holins" everybody head
I'd for the city hall
No registration was required. and
on account of equal suffrage on
the school question the vote was
heavier than the city election held
the previous day. or at the school
election OF year ago.
The Alaska citizen., 1913-04-07
old "SOURDOUGHS"
PASS ON OUTSIDE

Adyices received last week by the
local agent of the n c. company
tell of the death of two old employ
ees of the concern who have been
spending the winter on the Outside.
Both men are we'll known here and
the news of Their death was re-
ceived with regret by all.
John Derby. the purser of the
steamer Delta and one of the old
time steamboat men of the Yukon
died on February Sth. after an i'll
ness that had been prolonged during
the greater part of the winter.
Alexander Irving, who has been
accountant at St. Michael for several
years, and connected with the n. c.
company almost since its operation
in Alaska died in California after
a short illness.
The Alaska citizen., 1913-04-07
KEMPERS VISIT
EN- route HOME

Mr.. and Mrs. George Kemncr
we're among the passengers arriy-
ing on one of last weeks stages
from the coast Mr. Kemper has
been Outside for some time, having
left his down river workings over
year ago to visit in the South.
While on the Outside Mr., Kemper
took unto himself a wife who in
making the trip over the trail saw
Alaska for the first time.
The news that there was Mrs
Kemper enroute to Fairbanks arous-
ed the curiosity of many friends of
the Hot Springs man who were not
aware that he had taken a help
mate.
After a short stay in Fairbanks
the couple will start for their
home Mr. Kemper is partner of
Alex McVickar, operating on Sullivan
creek
The Alaska citizen., 1913-04-07
CHANGES AFFECT OFFICES

According To advices received la st
week by Lieut. w. w. Harris. Jr.
of the Signal corps. there will be
several important changes in the
Observation-Disclosures Military Tele.
graph and Cable system during the
coming summer. The most important
and affecting the local office is the
consolidation of the third and fourth
sections of the system under one
officer and the removal of Lieuten-
ant Harris to Fort Gibbon.
According to orders issued b.
BrigadierGeneral SERVER. chief
signal officer OF the army. the fourth
section. from kaltag to Nome. will
be consolidated with the third seq
I on. from Eureka to Kaltag, and viii
BE under the supervision Of the
officer al Gibbon. Lieutenant CLYDE
l.. Ia -tman. Of St Michael at
present in charge of the fourth sec
ton. will come to Fairbanks upon
the opening of nayisation and re-
1.eye Lieutenant Harris. who in turn
will relieve Captain Michel at Glib
bon as company commander ana
officer in charge of the third sec
ton. Captain Michel will then re
turn to the States for further as
signment
The Alaska citizen., 1913-04-07
GIRL WALKS 5000 MILES.

PHILADELPHIA Dora Rod
rigues, a 19-year-old girl from AM
sterdam. Holland, has just arrived in
this city after completing walk
of $4,000 miles. She has tramped
through every country in America
and Europe.
She is the daughter of a diamond
dealer in Amsterdam and lived witt
an aunt in Edinburgh Scotland. until
three and half years ago, when
she decided to see the world afoot.
She first walked through Europe
and then landed on the Pacific
coast of this country and walked
across the continent
The Alaska citizen., 1913-04-07
MINERS KILLED
ON GOLDSTREAM

The first fatal mining accident Of
the season TO happen in this district
occurred last Wednesday afternoon
when Michael Twohey and .Joseuh
Naeffler. working on 4 Cold.
stream, were crushed to death by
many tons of earth. For several
days the tunnel of the claim had
been considered unsafe on account
OF great chunks of earth thai were
constantly giving away. Twohr.
and Naeffler had decided TO nut
bulkheads in to avoid the big cave
in that was feared and had started
on the work. A third man. Martin
by name, had been working with thu
men but had gone to the surface for
more lumber at the time of tie
accident. Scarcely had he reached
the surface than the mass of earth
save way. hurying the two partners
beneath its enormous weight.
Martin at once notified the three
men who were nearby and also the
Workmen of the adjoining claims
of the accident EVERYBODY in the
neighborhood that could be obtained
started in TO work digging out the
entombed men. EAfter persistent and
hard work for an hour and half
the lifeless body of Twohey was
found and but a few moments later
that of his companion was also tax
en- out.
Dir. J. A. Sutherland and Comm :
sioner Dillon were Immediately nofi.
fled and the bodies taken to the
boiler house to await their arrival
Twohey and Waeffler together with
Patrick Casey Owned the fraction
which they We're working on. ana
which is located between ( and :
below Goldstream. They had been
working all winter and had been
able to amass several small dumps
Twohey has been in this camp for
ooii1 ''ti anu loI llltllN Illutu Oil
Dome. He is a man about 81 years
of age and single. His only known
relative is sister. Mrs NJ c.
Rock, of San Francisco. who was
notified of the death and who re
quested that the body be EN-
balmed and shipped to California
for bur al In compliance with this
request the body has been embalmed
and will be held for shipment until
the opening of nayieat.on
Waeffler is of German birth
and is twenty-eight years of age
He came to Fairbanks about three
wears ago and has since been occupied
in mining on various creeks His
relatives are all at his oil
home in Alsaee-Lorraine.
The funeral of Mr. Waeffler was
held yesterday afternoon from Har-
monte hall and was well attended
by his many friends
The Alaska citizen., 1913-04-07
Local Happenings in Brief

on business.
II. O. Belden, of Cinema. VAS in
town Wednesday on short bust.
ness trip.
Mrs. c. f. Wright of the com
missioners office, was laid up
several days last week With a slight
attack of la grippe.
James Satterwaite, of Little Edo
RADIO. returned to the creeks last
Monday having been in town for al.
most week on bus ness.
In the district court last week
the application for injunction in the
case OF Plummer ct al VS. Hastings
was denied by Judge Fuller This
case arises from a dispute over some
ground in the koyukuk
a wire received by the marshall
office the early part of last week
stated that an insane patient had
been committed at Ruby and would
be brought to Fairbanks imme-
4iatcly.
C. A Calusen was among the
guests at the Shaw House last week,
having come up from down river
on a business trip.
John Flintoff. of Goldstream, came
into town last Monday afternoon on
short business trip.
~ w -irhn ha ~ inn
spent the early part of the week in
town.
Mr.. and Mrs. Fred Craig. OF Cold
stream spent a part of the week in
town and were registered q the
Nordale
Hiram Chadwick, proprietor of Es-,
ter Siding roadhouse, spent Thursday
and Friday in town on business.
. Mr. and Mrs. l.. b. Rhoads. of the
Free Gold Quartz claim, came IN last
week with a cleanup from the mine
and spent several days in town.
Gus Koelner of Hot Springs, who
has been spending several months
in Fairbanks, returned to his down
river home last week.
William Terrill arrived in town
last Wednesday from ChitiMa with
large load of eggs and perishables
for E. r. Peoples.
DIR. NJ F. Hall and w. F. White
~ returned from Cinema Hot springs
last week after two weeks spent
at the health resort
Fred Joyce of Dimes, was regis
tered at the Nordale for the last
three days of the week.
Ed. Rouin and f. p. Short of II
Goldstream, spent the latter part Of
the week in town on business.
Al. Johnson, the Fox hotel man,
spent several days in town on bust
ness.
The Alaska citizen., 1913-04-07
ROBERTS RETURNS
To THE CHANDLAR

j. F. Roberts OF Chandlar, left town
last Tuesday morning, returning to
his workings in the up country.
With him he is carrying 200 pounds
of giant powder for himself and
neighbors During the winter many
miners of the Chandlar ran out of
the explosive and have been greatly
held up in Their work on that ac-
count Among these was Roberts
himself
Returning Mr.. Roberts made for
Circle over the winter trail from
which place he will follow the river
to Fort Yukon and thence up the
Chandlar to the Big creek dis
trict With him he will also carry
as much mail as his rig will ac-
commodate.
The Alaska citizen., 1913-04-07
WHITE green NUPTIALS
HELD At ST. MATHEWS

Last "Wednesday evening in the
presence OF fourteen intimate friends
Mrs Ermal Lea White and Mr..
Harold Claiborne Green We're united
in marriage Al ST Matthew's Epis-
copal church the Rev G. T. BETH
cher. Ir., of eia,ins Mr. Justice +.
f. Fuller. OF the United States Gis
trict court acted as hest man. Will,
Mrs. George Hutchinson vas matron
of honor, Mr. Jehn Barker vas ush-
er and Mr.. Guy B. Erwin gave
away the br de-
The pretty little log cabin church
was beautifully decorated for the
occasion. the color scheme through
out being green and white Music
at the church Vas furnished by
Mrs. Arthur McNeer and Victor Dur
and
Following the ceremony the guests
retired to the Wickersham residence.
the future home of the neWly-weds
at the corner of Front and Noble
streets, where a reception vas held
from until II O'Clock. Many fir ends
of the couple congreaated to con-
graduate and wish tshem happiness.
Many beautiful gifts were present
ed to Mr. and Mrs Green by their
host of friends. Mrs Green is a
sister of the late General Homer
Lea. known the world over as a
soldier. statesman and author Mr.
Green is we'll known throughout
this district. having been here for
some two years. prior to VIII oh time
he was located for years at Council
and through the Seward peninsula.
The Alaska citizen., 1913-04-07

A letter received last week from
Dug Morgan former ,irotyne o,,,.o.
tor OF Fairbanks stated that he Yea.
in WASHINGTON. y G and had boen
present At the inauonration rars.
mogy
!syeyatt tfoI;.a,# Of ittla L,,,or,do
sneni several da,.s in tow, ,ost ,,.oo,.
an business
AIav Da,,,,bfa rho cil,,oro- r,;r.r
Came ~ ta,.,, los. ,,.ao,. 60. toad
of snnnIia.
uanrica Ashton or,or tn.o
weeks. .rioan f,,i,,.o,,l.. an.a,. -
,,rrad 80 TOM, ,,, ;a,,.,-
train
Rev Ford and /, u pon,or Mont
ners= of Grorsa W,haaIe,. on tho Tod.
IA, y 81, ~, s,a,,t s,.,.e,.,1 d,,.s :,
TON las, .,aat,.,r .b,.inass
W aazl,.-of f,,.o,. a,,,r,.,
tbo crnr,. Visitors raaistorod =, tho
,oa,I ho-,ls In, o.oal,
W yrnr,.r., ,l,e v.ood,oan or.
rived in town last wool, and rogi..
fnra3 :, tho rhi,d ,vop,o ho,a1
w II woodridoe who ;o vor,,ioa
On rairhanl,s crock came into town
last naek 10 vote
p NJ Iovett Of Little Eldorado
arrived in town Monday eveninr for
few DAYS, business trh,
Mrs G l. Carlson came in from
Ester 1.st waak for q faw DAYS, rest
and recreation
CIV Marks of Goldstream was
amo,g tho ouastc NJ tho Nordala
last week
Frank Kienderger formerly baker
at tho German:a restaurant left last
week for = trim to the old country
He exnecfs to return the latter mart
If the summer
Ioe Folar of Hot Strings arriv.
ed in town last week and registered
at the Nordale He expects TO re,
The Alaska citizen., 1913-04-07
A new Mill 7. R. CLAIM

George Wheeler representing the
iessees OF the Teddy r. claim
on the right limit of Moose guleh
tributary to Fairbanks creek. made
arrangements last week whereby
the Little Giant stamp mill To-
Gated on l. above fairbanks
ereck will be removed TO Moose
Eaich and be Immediately put into
action crushing ore from the Teddy
r. claim.
The M II. which was obtained from
J.. c. Furstenau. is now being trans
ported to its new locat on and the
lessecs expect to have it running
within the next week
The new mill will be located
some distance away from the mine
so that haul of three and one-half
miles VIII have TO be made with the
ore
On the Teddy r. the lessees have
4 tunnel driven about 2o0 feet. and
in a very short time the men en-
pect to have accumulated good
sized ole pile as the work is pro-
sressing rapidly.
From several small mill test runs
made on the ore from the 200-foot
tunnel ii was found that it ayerag-
I'd approximately S25 to the ton.
and from present indications VII
hold its value as they go down
The lease is to run for five years
and is let by II. H. Hoover. John
Swanson and A. X Mclean, owners
of the ground
The Alaska citizen., 1913-04-07
COURT WILL HEAR CASE
INVOLVING SUM OF $3.50

A suit entered in the commits
toner's court last week involves the
smallest amount ever named in a
declaration at the local court house
Mr.. A c. Taylor, the expressman,
s the plaintiff. and seeks TO collect
a bill of $50 fir omHerman Naether
for drayage performed year ago
this month
The smallest amount ever involved
in any previous suit in the com
M ssioned's court here was for
$50. which was tried out several
ears ago
The pla 'ntiff in the case pending
is appearing for himself and has
retained no attorney