davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1913-11-05

Continued from PAGE One,
state outside OF Philadelphia and
Pittsburg. The fate Of the loan is
not yet known.
Elections in Three States.
Chicago, Nov. 5.-Returns today
from the elections held in various
cities of Ohio. Indiana and Illinois
show the following results:
Ohio-In Cincinnati Frederick s.
or over Henry T. Hunt, Democrat in
cumbent, by about 5000 plurality.
Cleveland reelected Newton d. Baker,
Democrat. mayor by reduced plu-
rality. In Toledo Carl Keller. Repub-
lican. was chosen mayor by a plurality
J. Karb. Democrat. mayor.
Indiana-In Indianapolis. Joseph E.
Bell, Democrat, for mayor was sue
cessful by q plurality of approximately
5000. The Republican and Progress
sive candidates for mayor ran about
an even race. OF the large cities in
Indiana, Evansville, Terre Haute, FIT.
Wayne. Muncie, 1ogansport and An
derson will have Democrat admins
trations while in South Bend ana La
fayette the citizens tickets were sue
cessful. For the first time in the his
tory Of Vincennes, the Oldest town in
Indiana, the Republicans were sue
cessful in electing mayor and other
city officials.
Illinois-In twenty-four municipali-
ties of southern Illinois women who
exercised the right of franchise, for
the first time in the state, voted in the
ratio of to in opposition to saloons.
OF "a cities and towns voting under
the unit law, the "drys" won or re-
tanned IS, the '.wets'' held five and
there was a tie in one.
Four Socialist Mayors.
Columbus, Nov. .5.-Proposals in
volving state issues at Tuesdays etec-
ton according to unofficial returns
with probably two exceptions were de-
feated. OF the five measures sub
mitted the only two that seemed to
have carried were those providing
that women may hold ONCE in institu-
lions caring for women and children
and the exemption OF municipal bonds
from taxation. This latter proposal II
in doubt.
Tho two short ballot proposals were
defeated by large majorities. The
amendment providing for q smaller
legislature based on population. . pro-
posal conceived by the liberal inter-
ests and the initiative law fathered
by the anti-sAloon forces. which
would prevent the shipment OF liquor
into dry territory were voted down.
Both of these measures were opposed
by Governor Cox
In municipal elections around
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1913-11-05
Nine Postal Clerks Killed.

Melun, France, Nov. 6.@Stxteen
bodies were taken last night from the
burned and splintered passenger
coaches Of the Marseil1es-Paris ex-
press wrecked late last evening in .
collision with q local train. It was be-
lieved several moro bodies were still
in the wreckage- All the corpses were
badly burned and almost unrecog-
nizable. Nine Of the dead were postal
clerks. Other victims were q French
infantry captain and his wife, and q
millionaire merchant of Lyons. Thir-
teen passengers were seriously hurt.
There were no Americans among the
PASSENGERS.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1913-11-05
ROBBERY Ar, GARDEN CITY.
Open Safe In Grain Office@Take
Money and Checks.

robbed thu Office. OF the Garden city
Grain and Produce company Monday
night The safe was opened and about
Of checks. When the o6ice was about
TO be opened It was discovered that the
glass IN the front door had been broken,
and through the opening thus made some
party had reached the bolt that fastened
the door. pushed 1t to one side and gained
an entrance. Inc safe was unlocked 20
the thief had no difficulty in opening It.
AS yet there IL no cleW to the person
who committed the crime.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1913-11-05
WILSON Is PLEASED.
Regards Election Results ~ EndoRse-
ment OF Administration.

nent Of Administration.
Washington, Nov. 5.-President
Wilson made no official comment to-
day on the Democratic victories In
New Jersey. Massachusetts and Mary
, land, but told friends he was much
encouraged because in all three stAte9
the tariff and currency were issues.
and he felt that the administrations
policies had been upheld. Secretary
Tumulty was particularly happy that
his home county, Hudson, gave
Fielder, the Democratic nominee for
governor, an overwhelming majority.
which helped materially in winning
for the state.
Congressman. generally. telephoned
their congratulations to the White
House and Secretary Bryan who cam
expressed his satisfaction at the re-
suit The president already had sent
telegram to Mr.. Fielder. the victor
| in New Jersey. and dispatched other
messages today. To David I. Walsh,
elected governor of Massachusetts,
he said my heartiest congratulations,
it was splendid victory fairly won"
To Blair Lee, Democrat. elected u.
S. senator in Maryland. the president
wired: Congratulate you and the
party most warmly. Tho victory was
complete
The president took a great interest
in the various municipal elections and
sent to his personal friend, Mayor
Newton d. Baker, reelected in Cleve-
land. the following message: please
accept my warmest congratulations.
1t did US all good to hear Of your
victory"
Unofficial returns to the White
House stating that Fielder had car
ried Essex county by 721. pleased the
president very much. Secretary Tu-
multy decided that in Essex county
the Smith-Nugent faction Of the DEM
ocratic party had supported the Re-
publican ticket.
White House officials declared to-
day that announcement soon would be
made Of the acceptance Of the res
ignatton of John Purroy Mitchell, a.
collector Of the port Of New York.
elected mayor on the Fusion ticket.
President Wilson made no comment on
New York City returns. Some of his
friends said he was pleased. Specu-
Iation over the selection Of a new col
lector conferred on Dudley Field Ma
lone, third assistant secretary Of state
and son-in-law Of Senator O'Gorunan.
Although the New York senator
openly favored the Tammany ticket.
ME- Malone campaigned against It.
NO other candidates were mentioned
today.
As Bryan Sees 1t.
Washington. Nov. 6.-Secretary Bry-
an in a statement today declared Tues
days elections afforded the flrst oppor-
tunity the country had had to express
itself on an extensive scale since the
presidential election last November ana
that the results could not be taken 9TH
erwfse than as an endorsement of the
policies OF President Wilson.
Secretary Daniels said: "As q rule
the first elections after the administra-
ticn has come into power are not 80
substantially and so Overwhelmingly an
approval of the policies of the adminis-
tration as were Tuesdays. In every
state election the vote showas the ad-
ministratfon Is m Favor with the people
and that they trust the Democrat party
to fulnli the promises of reform made
last November
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1913-11-05

paying the salaries Of the A. A. circuit.
The men who make a practice Of building
the men put up an abundance of the
iron kale and when their rawlings have
subsidized we'll find next spring that this
cult that IL has been.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1913-11-05
TODAY'S MARKET REPORTS.

Chicago. Nov. 5.-WHEAT-In the face
Of a number Of foreign and domestic bear
ish conditions wheat today showed a good
rallytng tendency after q weak opening
Liverpool cables were lower, the wheat
market there being influenced by better
reports from India and Argentina. Re-
ports Of winter wheat seeding in the Unit
ed States indicating that the acreage this
year win be the largest on record and
is likely to be ten per cent in excess Of
last year. combined with the foreign news
to depress prices ut the opening and they
showed q net decline OF Nc to A0xc.
Some Of the leading houses took advan-
tage Of the dip to buy and came into the
market SO strongly that there was q re-
covery OF Nc to sc.
Support later was withdrawn and the
early rally was more than lost. The close
was weak at q net loss of NC to Nc
CORN-Ffue weather over the entire
corn belt weakened that market. Opening
prices were A63sc to nc net lower and
seemed inclined to steady within that
range.
Depression continued almost uninter-
ruptedly. The close was nervous at q net
loss Of &c to 1c.
OATSLOats followed corn down grade
and business in that grain was small.
The market steadied around opening
prices which were Nc to &c OF.
PROVISIOINSNGener liquidation car
ried provision prices down. First prices
were SC to 17kc below the last close and
further dips followed.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1913-11-05
Fleet Ne.rs t;ibr.lt.r.

On board the U. 8. Battleship Wyoming.
by Wireless Nov. 6.-The vessels Of the
United States battleship fleet arrived on
the Portuguese coast today and It II ex-
pected they will enter the Straits of
Gibraltar tomorrow at midnight. The
fleet will be divided into several detach-
ments At Gibraltar, being detained to visit
various ports.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1913-11-05

ride any vetoes Of thu Republican Gov
e-nor GoldsborOugh.
The Progressive vote fell on heavily. In
Baltimore It was less than per cent OF
that cast for Roosevelt last year.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1913-11-05

New York Sugar Market.
New York. Nov: 6-sUGAR-Raw.
steady; Muscovado. 81: Centrifugal. Sei:
molasses. 2.S6; refined. steady
Wichita Live Stock Market.
Wichita. Nov. observation-disclosures 500.
Market steady. Native steers, $6.75@S26:
Feeders stock cows ': snd heif sne
H6o@s.so; bulls. $4.soQsoo; calves, $1,000
HoGs-Receipts aboo. Market ,ower
Top. $50; bulk OF sales, $71O07.10.
st. Joe Live Stock Market.
Ct. Joe. Nov. 5.-CATTLE-Receipts
cow. ana Msr hssfe. STEADY 7s Steers
1000
HocssmRece,pts $500 Market ,se lower.
Top, SID; bulk Of sales, N35@7.55.
SHEEP-Receipts $500. Six thousand
billed through. Market steady to stronS.
Lambs, $s.oo@7.sa
Kansas City Live stock Market.
Kansas City. Nov. 6.-HOQS-Receipta
1900: Market 1oc lower. Bulk Of saiss,
sasssss @sssk7o: light. k sesnsS' p sas
cATTLE-.Receipts 5000. including LOO
southern: Market steady, to Zoe lower:
see9 So Sss.:ed Ssss
$50; southern steers. S6.o00&50; cows, AZ
sasr. nsiss SSii: sc ssSSssFe e.,s sna
t6OO1i0oO -"''o''
sHEEPReceipts 10000. Market steady to
10c lower. Lambs, H0N.o0; yearlings,
6o0g600; wethers. N.&0600; ives, 1900
l.76; stockers and feeders, @a.000s.O0.
Chicago Lave Stock Market.
Chicago. Nov. k-HO0s-Rec ss.01A
Market slow and lOc to 15c lower than
yesterdays average. Bulk Of sales. $40
G7.50: Hight, E.35Q7.I: mixed, N.8@7.SO;
heavy H15Q7.so: rough. H.1S07.3S: pigs.
CATTLE-Receipts 1900. Market weak
and generally LOG to 15c lower. Beeves,
$660Q9.5: Texas steers, $65O97.66; west
ern. $59067 30; stockers and feeders, A9O
@7:5o; cows and heifers. $3.S0S.16: calves.
sHEEP-Receipts 1000 Market steady
to 10c lower. Native, e4.001S.0o; western.
S4ooas Is; yearlings: $a!o@S. 70; native
Kansas City Lave Stock sales.
1.-THE following sales Wers made this
morning At the Stock Yards. Kansas
City. and reported over long distance
Clay: Robinson = Co.. live stock com.
mission merchants. with o1Ices ut al
Kansas City. Nov s.-CATvrLE-Re-
ceipts 5000 head. Market steady to 10c
lower.
HOGs-Receipts 1900 head. Market loo
to 15c lower. Bulk Of sales. N.597eo: top.
sHEEP-Receipts 1000 head. Market
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1913-11-05

Chicago Grain Market.
Chicago, Nov. 6.-WHEAT-Decembe
8f14c; May. S91ac.
CORN-December. eS5tc: May, 6s9ec.
OATS+December. 371kc; May, 4ihc.
PORK-January. Sass; May. 1882.
LARD-January, $10.65: May, $1O.S2
SHORT RIBSJanuary, $10.62; May,
$10.66.
Liverpool Grain Market.
Liverpool, Nov. 6.-WHEAT-Spot, cas-
Ter; No Manitoba, e. 10d; No. 2. 6s I'd:
No. 8, e ID.
CORN-Spot. easy: American mixed,
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1913-11-05
standard stocks pulled UP New Hayen
securities after they had reached new low


standard stocks pulled up New Havsn
securities after they had reached new low
figures.
A squeeze Of the shorts was eneinesrea
IN Mexican Petroleum, which bounded
up to lS3k. after touching q. Complotio0
OF the necessary financing incidental to
new bond issues and November CORPORA
uon disbursement caused an easing Of
money rates. Coal loans. renewed at Z
Bonds were irregular.
fractional declines were general At the
opening OF today's market, most Of the
leading issues selling under MONDAYS
closing quotations. Mexican Petroleum
Tell four points to 4 low record. The only
notable exceptions to the declining ten.
dency were Reading. Missouri Pacific ana
Kansas City Southern.
New York etoc3xs.
tClose of prices for the leading stocks
on the New York Stock Exchange g re-
ported by Thos. J. Myers. Broker. Colum-
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1913-11-05
SOUNDING FRANCE.

lcontinDsd from Paxe ons,
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1913-11-05

Kansas City Grain Market.
r1he range Of prices for grain futures ON
the Kansas City Board Of Trade - ~.
ported by Thos. J. Myers. Broker. Co
lumbar Bldg.1
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1913-11-05

Chicago Grain Market
THE range Of prices for grain futures ON
the Chicago Board Of Trade as reported
by Thoa J. Myers. Broker. Columb tan
s'es'I -.-s s-sss.. ~. -
Chicago, Nov. &.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1913-11-05
New York Produce Market.

NCW 1Urk GEDUUCG NA0ERGG
New York, Nov. S.-BUTTER-Market
irregular. Creamery held extras. 30GNc:
process extras, 8Q2e1c: factory, current
make. firsts, &c.
CHEESE-Mafket steady. Whole milk,
fresh, colored average fancy, 15Ac; Wis
consin whole milk, twins, best l6k@16c
special. fancy season charges paid, zslxc;
western gathered whites, 33d50c.
POULTRY-Dressed, dull; fresh killed
western chickens. 133k923c: fowls. 13Q19c;
turkeys, spfingers, 209z4c.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1913-11-05
Kansas City Produce Alarkee.

Kansas City, Nov. 6.-WHEAT4Cash:
Market Nc lower. No. hard. S11x6671kc
No. 8, SlQ87c; No. red. 690e1c; No. g. 861k
@89c.
CORN-Market unchanged to Nc higher.
No. mixed, 73@731fc; No. g., TIC; No. Z
white, 73c; No. 3, TIC.
OATSMarket unchanged. No. : white
405zc: No. 2 mixed, 8ohc.
RYE-Market unchanged.
HAY-Market unchanged.
BUTTER-Creamery, soc: flrstS &c: Sec
onds. &c; packing. &c.
EGGS-Ffrsts. s0c; seconds. &c.
POULTRY-Hens, 10c; ROSTERS &c:
ducks, 10c: springs. l0hc.
WHEAT-Receipts, 81 cars.
CLOSE: WHEAT-December SOC: May.
8SA6e5Ac.
CORN-December, esxc: May, nhc.
OATS-December, 3ahQSS1hc: May. 429tc.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1913-11-05
STAND BY WILSON,

CONTINUED from PAGE one,
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1913-11-05

New York Sugar Market
New York, Nov. 6.-SJJGAR-Raw
steady; Muscovado. 3.11: Centrifugal, Se1:
molasses, 2.S6; refined, steady.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1913-11-05

The artists engaged are Charles w.
Clark, baritone, and Miss Frances In
gram, coEtralto.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1913-11-05

Oes Moines Register and r..aa.r. mr.,
can't FOR the life of ,,s annraus we
1HEsac Oi proposition which confemnlstne
sSnOpR.n9 wichita and Topeka and retatns
w Oenver The Mile High CITY Wa fsr
suor ~w way out Of the leagues natural orhit
with those two places eliminates - lang 1nd
De worse than foolishness to keer = nS wUu,a
SIOUX CITY has always been rateI ~
GOOD baseball town up to the a.. -
years and the reasons Tor the nresen& No ~.
uation are not hard to discover The firs+
mas.ake WAS made when George Andreas
Was reGuceo to the ranks In 1919 and
we are convinced nevertheiess that
1,ackertown. properly handled, is a GOOD
baseball proposition. There are club own
ers In the circuit who have thai SANE
opinion. II the town sticks, and it should
there should be q thorough renoyafion
just as there was when Isbell and Fair
weather took hold in Des Moines. The
club herbors. too many old "spavs" who
are not only useless in . baseball wav'
Lincoln News: wichita, Sioux CITY and
Topeka according to the newest rot, are
to be severed and Peoria. Davenport and
Minneapolis given places. Wichita and
Topeka have never been given the oppor-
tunity OF HOcktng to the support Of win
ming team while Sioux City IL one Of the
best burgs in the entire circuit when
91ven far shake down from the playing
when the Weetern had Q team in Kansas
City along with the A. A. should Danish
dreams Of money making IN Minneapolis,
unless the Western could produce the
same brand Of ball ~ played In the
American Association which would mean
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1913-11-05

Cincinnati Goes Republican.
Cincinnati, Nov. 5.-Judge Frederick
Spiegel, Republican candidate for mayor,
was elected over the present mayor,
denry T. Hunt, Democrat, by q plurality
Of $500 -Four hundred and sig out Of ~
a.3. This is expected to be increased
wnen the remaining 16 precincts arc re-
ceived: Every candidate on the Repub-
ncdn ticket won with Judge Spiegel and
the Republicans also elected q majority In
the city council. The Democrats appeared
pefior judges and elected one out OF four
OF the municipal Judges
Democrat Victory in Kentucky.
Louisville. Nov 5.-Revised returns this
morning from Tuesdays elections in Ken
lucky confirmed q decisive Democratic
victory. In the LOUISVILLE mayoralty con-
test. John H. Buschmeyer, Democrat. beat
votes In the state. the only upset
came IN Breathitt county. where Repub-
lican ticket won.
Fielder by $4,000.
Trenton, Nov. 5.-The latest figures in
dictate that James F. Fielder, Democrat
candidate for governor. has q plurality of
about 1000 over Edwin e. Stokes, the
VIII control both houses Of the legislature.
Bull Moose Vote Falls OF.
Baltimore, Nov. Sowing to the long
and cumbersome ballot, returns from the
election In Maryland were incomplete this
morning. The indications. however. were
that Blair Lee. Democrat, was elected to
about 1900. and that the Democratic state
ticket would do nearly as well
The Democrats claim a majority Of
three-flfths in each house Of the 1egis-
Iature. This would bo Sufficient TO over
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1913-11-05

1nton0onC ".
board Of education conference. H. s.
Martin, Marion.
The Program.
Following is the program for general
sessions at the Auditorium Thursday:
Thursday, November 8. 10 A. NJ.
Organ recital. Miss Mildred Hazel
rigg, superintendent of music, Topeka
Fantasia in G minor''-Bach.
. "Largo"-Handel.
Invocation-Rev. Frank L. Loveland,
D. D.. Topeka.
Address, Developing Initiative
Through School Work. Dean J. E. Rus
sell. Teachers college, Columbia uni
versity.
Address. THE Threefold Function of
the Public Schools,"-Dr. Lotus d. Con-
mann, University OF Illinois.
Announcements.
Election OF nominating committees.
Thursday, November Q, p. NJ.
Musical RecitaACharles w. Clark.
baritone: Miss Frances Ingram, con-
tralto. This entertainment has been
provided as compliment to the MEM
bers Of the Kansas State Teachers as
ISOLATION by the citizens OF Topeka,
through the Topeka Commercial club.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-11-19

ceremonies such as tossing the coin
to open the game, asking the team
scored on whether they will receive
or kick, ascertaining from the team
that lost the toss at the beginning of
the game what their pleasure is re-
garding the method Of resuming hos
tilities at the commencement Of the
second half, etc. He it is who PAGES
off the specified distance wnen bring
ing 1t in from out of bounds
The referee rules on the question
Of players of the offensive side being
Illegally In motion at the instant the
ball goes into play; whether and
when the ball has touched the ground
on being held by player in the case
of any free kick; on an Illegal man
carrying the ball forward, and
whether a team has made an Illegal
feint to snap the ball. He also marks
the point OF all touchdowns and
touchbacks, sees that the ball is laid
on the ground with its long axis
lengthwise of the field, and is the
only individual who can order time
to be taken out. He also attends to
it that nobody starts anything be-
fore the ball is snapped.
This splendid individual is also the
sole authority on whether a team is
ilii--ll6 llle NubiplUS MIN DN
lifting, pulling or pushing) and as to
whether either team is using inter-
locked interference
He is the one to say whether the
defensive team made a forward pass
whether legitimate pasSer was fve
yards back when he made II, whether
more than one pass was made in the
same scrimmage, and whether the ball
hit the ground for an incompleted
pass. On this last point the umpire
has concurrent jurisdiction. The ref
cree attends to the ceremony Of meas
uring the ball and the distance gained,
when necessary.
| n the main, the umpires work con-
sists of judging Of fouls commit
ted by the players. He II is who calls
players offside. And he is the heavy
villain who yanks the teams back
with a 15-yard thud when they hold
their opponents or interfere foully
when running with the ball.
Concurrently with the referee and
linesman he judges whether there has
! been any striking. kneeing, kicking Of
opponents, etc. And they are all
| equally competent to call down any
side Tine coaching,
| The umpire says whether the lima
men are set" the way the rule calls
for them to be at the instant the ball
goes into play, and whether each
member Of the team required to stand
a certain distance in front of the ball
in all cases of free kick is doing so
He judges with the others, whether
the runner has gone out of bounds
and also whether any Of the players
have laid their hands on opponents
| before the ball was snapped,
| One Of the umpire's most importan.
duties is to Judge and say whether
any tackler has interfered with an
opponents attemnt to make a fair
! catch, or even with the opponent
| opportunity to make a fair catch; and
whether the catcher has been thrown
to the ground after making the fair
catch. He is also Judge Of whether
! either side is blocking opponents in
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-11-19
Famous Expert Tells About Jobs of Referee Umpire and Lnesman
COACH HEISMAN EXPL AIMS DUTIES OF OFFICIALS

the case of a forward pass instead
Of making, as they should, a bona fi1e
attempt to catch the ball themselves
Along with the other officials, the
umpire says whether there has been
any piling up on a man, running into
and roughing the fullback, tripping.
tackling runner out of bounds,
crawling, unsport smanlike conduct,
abusive language, flying tackles and
unauthorized persons walking along
the side lines.
THE head linesman marks on the
side line the spot on which the
ball was downed after each down,
and has entire charge Of the assist
ant linesmen who handle the 10
yard chains. He also assists the ref
cree TO keep track of he downs.
The linesman | sole judge of the
time of the game, and of the time
taken out, and he keeps a record Of
the number of times that each team
takes out time in each half
He is Judge of out of bounds on the
side he occupies. both with reference
to runners carrying the ball and in
the case of forward passes or kicked
balls going out Of bounds. He has
also authority to call offside play.
From the above one can see how
difficult it is to satisfactorily Off
ciate a game even in the minor ca
pacity of head linesman, and why 1t
is that there is so much wrangling In
30 many games. One great reason IS
that many men who attempt to Off
ciate do not really know the rules.
| It certainly requires deal of care
full study to get them all down pat"
and not many men are willing to put
in the hard work on them that they
should If they contemplate official -
ing in games
AS time goes hv we will hope that
there will come to be an ever increas-
ing number of good officials When
we get them the games will move
along more smoothly and rapidly