Bryan daily eagle and pilot. [volume] (Bryan, Tex.) 1909-1918, 1913-07-11
Two Problems Confronting
Oceans Treasure Seekers.
Air Pressure and lIaht-What Is Re-
quIsite for Diver In Exploring
Depths Greater than IA
Hundred Feet.


New York-Hundreds OF millions Of
dollars worth OF gold, silver, copper
and precious stones are lying on the
bottom OF the sea. ready to the hand
Of the first person who will devise
means Of recovering them. Inventors
in every part of the world are building
submarine boats, diving armor. dredg-
ing apparatus and other devices. sole
ly for the purpose Of finding and bring
ing to the surface these sunken treas
ures
The two main problems to be solved
are those OF protection against water
pressure and providing light In which
to work. The latter problem is more
easily solved than the former Mod
ern developments In electric lighting
make 1t practically certain that power
full searchlights can be devised which
will give sufficient illumination for
salvage operations at depths as great
as 400 feet Divers who have been
down $50 feet agree that even when
the sun is shining brightly the ocean
depths are in semidarkness, which In
creases as one descends.
The other and more serious problem
is that of pressure. The ordinary d.
ver's equipment depends upon con-
slant supply OF air pumped In from
above, and rubber suit with metal
helmet. all alright, or nearly so, to
keep the water from rushing In the
minute the pressure OF air pumped
through the hose becomes less than
the water pressure from outside.
theoretically, of course. the air pres
sure could be maintained at a point
that would equalize the water pres
sure, but what would become OF the
diver? Men working in compressed
air caissons under pressure OF 40
pounds to the square inch are risking
their lives, and as pounds means only
depth OF 10t feet of water. At 200
feet the water pressure is little over
S6h pounds to the square iuch; Rt
$50 feet 1t is over 10S pounds; at 300
feet 1t is 1870 pounds. and many Of the
sunken treasures lie at even greater
depths.
Very few divers have descended as
deep as 100 feet. One adventurous
young man wept down 1876 feet in
Puget sound. bat on second attempt
his helmet was crushed by the 80
pound water pressure and he was
hauled up dead. Two English naval
officers are said to have descended
210 feet, but could remain at that
depth only few seconds
The problem of getting down to the
deep-lying treasure ships, therefore, Is
essentially one OF constructing me-
chanism sufficiently rigid to withstand
the terrific water pressure. 1t must
carry its own supply of oxygen, since
any sort of flexible air tube would be
crushed fiat long before a depth OF 400
feet is reached, and 1t must be so con-
structed that the diver inside it can
accomplish something after he reaches
the wreck, even If he can do nothing
more than attach a graphing hook to
a copper ingot
The encouragement for inventors
working along these lines is found in
the knowledge already at hand OF
wrecks bearing treasure, some of
which have been sunk for hundreds
of years. In 1902 a Spanish fleet car
rying quantities of gold from Santo
Domingo sank off the island of Santa
Lucia at an unknown depth in hur-
ricane that drove the ships of Christie
pher Columbus into a nearby harbor
for safety. From then on, for two
centuries. the record of the Spanish
conquest Of America is filled with
reports of sunken treasure ships bear
ing the riches of Peru and Mexico
back to Spain.
Probably no diver will ever reach
the wreck of the Titanic. which lies
two miles deep in mid-Atlantic, where
the water pressure reaches the ire
mendous force of 4,574 pounds to the
square inch but 1t is easily possible
that some of the inventors now work
ing on the main problems involved
will reap incalculable riches from
wrecks yet to be discovered at depths
of a thousand feet or more.