davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1913-06-15
value Of Agricultural, stn.i.tics.


The Biological survey is anassinE
Facts about the Wild plants ana ami.
mails OF America. The llfc zones OF
each species as TO latitude. longitude
ara elevation are being recorded. and
some OF the facts are proving useful
in the Introduction and distribution
OF species. varieties and breeds from
localities similar In climatic and soil
conditions Tho wild animals and
birds are the especial care OF this
branch OF the government Their pro-
lection from destruction. the execution
OF the interstate game laws. and the
Introduction OF foreign birds. fur ami
mails and other valuable acquisitions
to our public game preserves are very
practical functions OF this branch of
Tho department. There is need how
ever. of wider knowledge as TO
which species Will hybrdizc: and work
in geological parks along this line will
add much tn their interest and value.
Statistics Of agricultural production
and especially tho distribution Of the
raw and manufactured products OF
the farm affect vide interests. New
lines of statistical Investigation are
being developed all the time, though
tho bulk OF the work OF the Stats
tician is in gathering Information
monthly and annually OF the amount
OF crops and other products in pros
pee: or actually garncred. This in
formation and these facts concerning
home and foreign markets constantly
supplied TO the public do much 10 give
stability 10 markets and to prevent
sudden and unwarranted changes IN
prices Special investigations in the
statistics OF AGRICULTURAL operations
also are collected and published that
more may hc known OF tho relation
Of the farm 10 outside affairs. How
ever. better knowledge is needed of
the basic statistical facts governing
the agricultural interests in tariff leg
islatlon: OF the financing OF aGricul-
tural research TO work out better plans
and means OF Farm management: Of
popular education In the science OF
fnrlnni,, o nnd ~ unnd rOAIs
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1913-06-15
Work Of Agricultural Dcu,r,.,c.,y

IN. another part of the Industrial
section is an interesting article pre-
pared especially for this paper los. Jo-
seph William l<inghorne. of the Bureau
of Animal Industry OF the United states
department Of Agriculture. 1t gives
very interesting facts as to the good
work the department is doing i'm CO.
operation with various state Agricul-
tural Departments in the interest Of
better farming and more of il la th.s
entire country. II il information thnt
Virginia farmers are deeply Interested
IN, ana answers questions that Il great
many OF them are in the habit al ask
ing the industrial editor. Every farm
er in Virginia should read Mr.. King
horncs article
Several exchanges. notably the Bal
timorc News view with alarm 4 bill
offered in the PENNSYLVANIA Lesisla-
turc, making it n misdemcanor 10 de-
ceive prospective customer about the
physical condition Of "A horse Tnesc
contemporaries regard this movement
as an unreasonable restraint Of trade.
There Is no danger of such Il law get
ting or the Virginia statute books
The country preachers, tho circuit
riders. presiding elders and other pro-
tcssional horse traders Will see to that
Winston Salem is threatening to cs-
taDiish whiskcy diSpcnsary Tor the
sale and control OF ardent spirits FOR
medicinal purposes only" That Will
he an industry that viii attract at
tcntion cure enough. fog ever train
VIII carry into Winston salem car
loads Of folks requiring mcdica!
treatment" which viii help the hotels
and boarding houses
Darvillc has decided To aame It's new
business meas club the "ruscarora.'
y rather savage name, and for tina;
reason will be a good advertisement
for Danvillc. Possibly the advertising
idea has something to do with the Sc
lection OF name.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1913-06-15

II. q. Anderson. demonstrators for Ap-
pomattox County. tells some pleasing
stories In the following letter:
In passing through this county to-
day one would hardly recognize it as
the same as of six or seven years ago.
so great has been the development
along agricultural lines. II has been
demonstrated TO the farmer that he
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1913-06-15

CONTINUED From FIRST I,aucl
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-02-02

monkey has been removed and one tnat
was perfectly healthy substituted. The
flies bit the healthy monkey and that
monkey came down with infantile pa
ralysis. SO was the theory that the dis
ease was transmitted in this way proven.
At one time another a cagefui of these
infected flies is to be seen at the by
gienic laboratory. Were some vandal to
sip this cage and release these flies upon
an unsuspectiAg Washington the result
would be many thousands of deaths in
that city alone.
The scientific world is just now coming
to understand typhus fever. This is the
ancient disease which caused many
plaques in biblical times. 1t has been
known as jail fever and camp fever dur
ing many q war. Until recently it was
not believed to exist in the United States.
Some wears ago, however. it broke out in
the City of Mexico Three expeditions
went there to study it. one was from
the University of Chicago. one from the
University of Ohio and one from this
hygienic laboratory. There We're two men
in each expedition. In each expedition
one man came down with the fever. OF
the Chicago party. DR.. Ricketts, died. Of
the University of Ohio expedition, Dr..
Coneff died. OF the hyeienic laboratory
expedition. DR.. Joseph Goidberger came
down with the disease. but eventually re-
covered. This case may be cited typi-
cal of the dangers attached to this sort
of work.
About the time that DR.. Goldberger and
DR.. John +. Anderson. now chief of the
hygienic laboratory, returned from Mex
leo, DIR. Brill Of New York issued a
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-02-02

He wanted TO find a method of eradicat-
ing ii.
In the course of his work DR. McClintic
was bitten by one of these ticks. came
down with the disease and died en- route
TO Washington. In the meantime. how
ever. he had acquired a great deal of ma
terial from which to study the disease
and batch of it had been started at the
laboratory. The ticks are now in dor
mant state. because they are being kept
in cold storage and made to believe that
a Montana winter is on. Occasionally
one is tina wed out and allowed to bite a
guinea pig THAT the disease may be
watched in running its course in one of
these small animals. Eventually il is eX-
pected that some method will be found of
preventing either the tick or the ground
squirrel from transmitting the disease
and thereby the lives of a dozen sturdy
citizens of Bitter Root valley will be
each year spared
Typhoid fever baclli is one of the
staple crops at the government germ
farm. 1t is very easily grown in milk or
broth or gelatin. Ii is extensively used
as test for disinfectants and for vac
cine. 1t is now being largely grown for
the manufacture of the vaccine which
has latterly been proven effective against
typhoid. The germ is planted on a gela-
TIN surface known as agar. which is a
specially prepared soil for this purpose
imported from Japan. The germs are
grown. harvested and killed. In this last
inactive form they furnish the material
for vaccine manufacture.
HydrOphobia is another of the deadly
diseases that is always to be found in
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-02-02

food. was climbing down "A precipice
which the best guide books and the best
military maps agreed was absolutely I'M
practicable. Thus. Conrad's force won.
During the whole weeks maneuvers.
the interchangeable general by dint of
swearing. praisng. rewarding and work
ing with his own hands. had made his
men do incredible things. and the Sth
Infantry Division men showed that they
could march like Indians and climb like
Swiss guides The result wa. that Con-
RAIDS force turned up everywhere except
where it was expected. and completely
baff1ed and fooled the less mobile adj
Versary To Beck this was very pain
full. and Conrad was nearly sent into re-
tirement as a blade too dangerous to be
stationed in command of n frontier force.
Then Franz Ferdinand stepped in.
After three tempestuous interviews at
Schoenbrunn lie convinced the old kaiser
that ii was Beck VINO was no good for a
modern fighting army, and that the friv-
olous, impetuous genial hangman" was
the soldier Austria wanted to put life
into her routine-spoied army. So Con-
rad Won HOetzendorf became chief of
staff.
Conrad proved a brilliant success He
drove out of the heads of officers the old
rooted prejudice that an Austrian army
is primarily tame weapon of defense
and he drove into their heads a novel
idea of his own that an army is some-
thing that exists only to fight and win.
The object of the army he said lis
to make war and the only object of max
ing war is to win. The army which be-
l!eves il will win wins in nine times out
of ten
On that principle all the admin:stra
tive, non-iighting officers were removed
from high command and replaced by
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-02-02

thief of Staff Conrad
~ Won Hoetzendorf Be-
leves That Armies Are
Made to Fight, and He Is
Rapidly Preparing for the
Inevitable War With Aus
trials Eastern Neighbour
Less Than Year Ago He
Was Relieved Of the Posi-
ton of Chief of Staff Because
He Was Thought Too Dan
gerous by the Peace-loving
Aehrenthal - Recently He
Was INDICATED and Recalled,
and IS Now Busy Massing
All His Available Troops
or the Russian Frontier
Austrian Officers Celebrate
His Return to Power With
the Toasts: "A Bloody War
and Quick Promotion" and
We Meet in Warsaw"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-02-02

treatise fever which has since come
To be known as Bril's disease. The gov
eminent surgeons studied this report and
noted striking resembianceS between
Brills disease ana the typhus they had
been studying. They had proven that Il
monkey infected with typhus fever. but
which had recovered from il, could not be
again infected They infected certain
monkeys with Brills disease. These mon
keys after recovering. We're taken to
Mexico and exposed to the typhus fever.
They did not become infected. Other
monkeys that had not been affected with
Brill's disease readily took -typhus. So
was it established that Brll's disease and
typhus were the same thing. Incidentally
the fact was established that both We're
transmitted in the same way and that
both were present i'm most American cit
les Large cultures of typhus are now
being grown at the laborato and an
understanding Of that ancient dread dis
ease is becoming an actually through the
medium of monkeys.
In the la horatory at present there is a
large collection of ticks from Bitter Root
valley Mont These ticks are well load
ed with spotted fever complaint pc
ci:liar to the ROCKY mountains. Spotted
fever is plentiful among the ground squir-
reS of the Rockies. Ticks bite the ground
squirrels. and. incidentally, one occasion
ally bites man. The man in nine cases
out of ten dies. Passed Assistant Sur
geon Thomas Il. McCIntic last summer
went to Montana TO study spotted fever,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-02-02
ZHE Zh0NHEX ANZE NY HAzE 0NZzD AE
&Zn2zE Or ZWIANTzNE RAkALYSZS

il i strained thus taking ont the germs
and all other non-iquid matter. Then
the liGuid is refined until only the tetanus
poison remains.
At the laboratory there are two little
trays of this tetanus toxin containing
about 4tN grams. When it is stated that
six -millonths of a gram of this toxin
is enough to kill guinea pig the dead
illness of 100 grams may be appreciated.
There is enough of it to kill the entire
population of large city. The point of
a needle touched to this toxin would
mean almost certain death if it prcked
the skin.
This toxin serves a very definite pur-
pose. There are a great many manufac-
turers of anttoxins which should pre-
vent lockjaw after the individual IS in
fected with the tetanus germs Whenever
an individual is so affected his life abso-
lutely depends upon the efficiency of the
antitoXin with which he is treated. 1t
is the business of this laboratory to test
all such antitoxins and determine
whether not they will serve their pur-
pose when the emergency arises
The long-suffering guinea pig. that lit
tie animal offered as a martyr that dis
ease may be understood and infection
largely ban shed from the world. is used
in this test The guinea pig is infected
with the tetanus toxin and the requisite
amount OF the dntltONln IS ADMINISTERED q.
If the latter is sufficient. the guinea pig
is uninjured. If the pig dies. the anti
toxin is condemned and may no longer
be sold. and the lives of many human
beings are thereby possibly saved. All
the tetanus antitoXin that is manufac
tured or imported into the United States
is measured by this yardstick Of its eff
feet upon the guinea Pigs of the 'hygienic
laboratory.
The deadliness of lockjaw and the pos
sib:lity of preventing its development
should be well understood. 1t may not
develop for weeks after an infection. If
a nail is stepped upon in a barnyard or
in street or If any sort of open wound
is received into which street dust m ght
find Judgment as, for instance, that which
a firecTacker would make on the hand of
a child, the antitOXin should be used.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-02-02
VIEW OF PRAGUE. HRADSIN CITADEL.
The n,etr0pOIis Of SIav sentiment in AUSTRIA.

ecy. and when he returns the war with
Italy will begin" The first part of this
forecast has been fulfilled. Conrad has
returned. and now Austria expects that
the second part will be fultilled-with the
difference that the war will not be with
Italy, but with mightier opponent-Rus-
STA.
Gen. Conrad Won Hoetzendorf is the
most imposing personality Austria mas
prodced since the age of Wallenstein. He
is discovery of Archduke Franz Ferdi-
nand, whose one real claim to genius is
his skill in finding brilliant men. Ten
Years ago Conrad was known to the army
at large only writer of books on
tactics, but in the army locally he was
admired and revered. and his kindly.
chivalrouS character and eXactng and
severe methods commander earned
him the incongruous nickname The Ge-
NAL Hangman' In those days the chief
of staff was old Baron Won Beck. Sci
entihc warrior, VINO did everything ac-
ccording to the best book rote and had
a typical Austrian detestation of original
military talent. In 1895 Conrad was, sta
toned at Innsbruck, in command of the
Sth Infantry Division.
During maneuvers he drew to himself
the attention both OF the archduke and
of Beck. Beck was Mortified. Conrad
was doing incomprehensible things which
the very best military manuals said
nothing about. According to the man
uais Conrad had already put himself in
"A position where his whole division must
be taken prisoner; and on strength of
that alone. the chief of staff. as umpire.
had decided that Conrad's force was out
of action. In fact he was surrounded. -
few hours later Beck saw something
which increase his horror. The sur
rounded Conrad's army. heavily laden
with knapsacks. rifles and several days
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-02-02

Turkey will raise the race-conscious-
ness of the Slav gates and of their
friend. Russia, that Austr will BE-
threatened with disruption through the
ecesS.on OF her own Saws. Our Serbs,
Greats and Sloven!ans at present look
down ON the Serbs and MonteneGrins of
the Balkans. but once the latter justify
themselves on the Battlefield. the SlaNS
everywhere VIII want to form their own
states" Russia. he added woiild again
try to take the Slav leadership. so that
the only measure for Austria # she
wishes to exist. win be to put Russia
back into her place.
That was written only two Years ago,
and il waN this month quoted at tn" Vi
emma Military Debating Society reason
why Austria and Russia must 20 to war.
The speaker. Herr Lonacs, gave long
summary of tine ancient quarrel. He
pointed on; that Russia and Austria have
never got on since the Crimean war.
when Austria refused 10 help Nicholas !.
who had himself helped Austria in 1915.
his hatred has incre aSed and ii came
To Il climax i'm 90. when car Nicholas
III made a detour of 1.o10 miles on his
way To RaccoHigi. in Italy. rather than
undergo the pain of passing through Aus
TRAN territory. The Austrian army
added Lomacs. is now at the apex o.
military efficiency. and it needs d vic
torious was to Justify it. stlf-confidencc
We have now back with US the man who
made cur army efficient. the man Whc
20 persistently taught us that our army
exists not to keep the peace. but to gain
victories in war
These remarke were made Two days
after the recent return to the position q.
chief of staff of Conrad Won Hoetzandorf
the most daring. militant and capable sol
dier in all Europe. Conrad Won IioetZen-
dOrf had Surprising triumph over his
foes. 1t is only year since. after a
quarrel with the late Count Alloys Won
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-02-02

SSIN the upper part Of fauQuifr county.
Va. over here Just beyond Fair
fax said Washington man who has
sojourned much in that region. they look
upon Chief Justice John Marshall much
like the old Romans looked upon Romu-
lus-as the founder of about everything
worth while in the universe. There. where
he spent most of mis- private life on his
magnificent estate oak Hill tine legends
told of him rival the mythology of the
Greeks
Here is one. told me by a kinsman of the
great iurist. of the subtle strategy where
by. when budding lawyer. the Chief
Justice-to-be achieved victory over a
case-hardened. dead-heat OF Ils skin
person-and vouched for by the kinsmaA
as being true as, Holy Writ.
This same Haskin. it appears. was a
man possessed of much property Also
he was possessed of a s-nrewd knowledge
of the law. and so he kept all he had
i'm his wifes name. excepting what tn"
statute exempted from seizure for debt.
I'm an evil and absent-mnded moment
one Cohn. who ran a general sore in
Haskin's neighborhood. trusted him for
sugar and coffee to the amount of Sill.
)
young Marshall into the law. and in the
interim Cohn had given the claim into
the hands of every young lawyer in the
county to cut his legal eyeteeth on.
Swiftly following the unfurling of
Young Marshalrs shir2le to the Fauquier
winds came Coin with his claim. Even
the callow attorney recognized il as a
veteran among claims. SCARED with many
defeats. However. having nothing else to
do he took the case. Cohn promiS sing him
he could have all he could get out OF it
which showed COINS valuation of il as
an asset
Young Marshall promptly brought
suit-at which Haskin smiled. When judG-
ment Was obtained Marshall rode out in
person 10 Haskin's place and demanded
And while Haskin laughed the keen
eye of the young lawyer wandered over
the farmyard: saw one pillow, exempt IN
der the law; also one harrow, also eN-
empt under the law: also one pig, drows-
ing laZily i'm his pen-a huge leviathan OF
"a pig, very Gargantua of pig,
"a hats the only pig L got, volunteered
Haskin reading the young lawyer
thought: for Haskin. law-wise, knew
tn. + under the statute he was entitled to
one pig exempt from seizure for judg-
ment debt.
THE future Chief Justice replied moth
ing. but rode homeward pondering deep
~ Next day he was seen strolilng ann
Iessly about the outskirts of the village.
looking into casual pigsties and Keeping
his thoughts to himself.
..One noon shortly after, youth, trudg
ing along the road in front of Haskin
place. stopped to ask a bite To eat. over
his shoulder he carried Gunnysack. Has
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-02-02
al H@mgmna1a Rq@h3ng His Country Into War With Russia?

succumbs to the impetuous chief a. Stan
The genial hangman" il not moved by
nolitical considerations He j. moved by
the ardent faith tia: armies exist Tor
war: that fighting is glorious and profit
able: that thanks la himself Austria
Hungary has perhaps the fne>t lighting
army in the world. Aud the army Is
with him.
The night il was announced that he
was coming back To his post the old
English toast "a bloody war and quic6
promotion" WAS drunk at big dinner OF
officers And the Sccond toast WAS W Z
meet i'm Warsaw. OF course. the COMING
war will he a foolish. rauseiess war. Bui
i'm the views Of the genial hansman it
will he "A ci!valrous. romantic and very
pleasant one.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-02-02

force. If war does not break GU; at once
she expects it in the near future. To
prepare for this Gen. Conrad proposes to
station new army corps at Tarnow. in
Galicia. and to make this town the CEN
ter Of vast new concentration of troops
To get the necessary men he proposes to
withdraw from the Tyrol one Of the
army corps formerly meant for the in
vasiOn OF Italy.
The genial hangman' holds that in
these bellcose plans he is doing his best
for Austria, and he is backed by group
of generals who want war and by poll
ticians who hold that the time has come
to end forever the Russian PanSlav
dream. Among the generals is Conrad 5
nominal chief. the new minister Of war.
soldier. but in all doubtful matters h.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-02-02

of these diseases. The manner III whlcn
this diffictlt task is gone about may best
be understood by telling the story of some
of the crops grown.
::
There Is tetanus for instance. the in
PRODUCTION of which into the human sys-
tenn causes lockjaw. and more than
~. per cent of the people who get lock-
jaw die. The hysienic laboratory keeps
a crop of tetanus growing continuously
The seeds for the planting of this crop
may originally have been taken from
some individual suffering from lockja W
or they may have been gotten from gar
den soil or manure. Manure is the nat
ural habitat of the tetanus germ. When
AN individual gets lockjaW from a rusty
nail it is not because the nail was rusty
but because ii has lain about IA barnyard
or some such surrounding where tetanus
germs abounded.
This crop is peculiar. 1t will not grow
in the presence of oxygen. The germ
farmers know the peculiarities of their
crops and prepare the soil for them in
accordance with their demand Where
the tetanus germ is to be grown in a
given test tube all the air is first driven
out by heating the fluid contained The
farmers know THAT the tetanus germ
likes glyce~in aT sugar and that the
liquid containing it should be alkaline.
They plant the germ into liquid con-
tanning these Things ana II grows readily.
There may he many other germs that
grow with it. int these weeds in the
tetanus patch may he cleaned out by
boiling the liquid Most germs are kill
ed by heating at moderate temperatures,
but the tetanus survive.
From the test tube this germ may be
transferred to larger containers and
grown in any quantity TIE hygien'c
laboratory grows d great many of these
germs for a very definite reason. II
tu from them toxins
poison If these germs. for instance. are
kept for any length of time in a given
container of liquid that liquid becomes
very heavily charged with the poisons
that they secrete. Ii is these poisons
that produce lockjaw. When the liquid
has become well tilled with this poison.