davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1913-08-31

straw. produced the unusual outbreak
Of last year by rendering the straw
largely unfit for food for live stock
and thus Offering breeding places for
flies In such instances their I'm
mediate destruction by burning or
scattering is necessary to relieve the
condition. The work should be done
thoroughly, and when the stacks are
scattered all the straw should be
completely exposed to the influence
o fthe elements
1t In best to Dlow under the scat
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1913-08-31

Manure should be hauled out and
scattered at regular Intervals and any
accumulations Of straw or hay. es-
pecially adjacent to stables. should be
disposed Of. Stable manure being
usually in close proximity tc human
habitations. the flies from it have
freer access 60 man 10 disseminate
human diseases.
a paragraph and description Of an
interesting fly trap TO capture adult
flies is included I'm the department ot
apri. Etura's hnllatin-
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1913-08-31

tered straw soon after il has become
well dried out. In sections Of the
country where headers instead OF
binders are used. the straw is much
more easily disposed Of The general
adoption of the field threshers would
completely solve the question Of the
straw stack. II Is reported that this
machine reduces the expense Of har-
vesting from IA 10 cents per acre
and the straw is left standing in the
field. The chaff is scattered over the
ground and the entire refuse turned
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1913-08-31
How 10 Control Pest.

As with most insects, the destruc-
tion Of this one when IL is actually
doing the injury is what is most de-
sired by those concerned. With this
species, as with many others this is
the most difficult time to accomplish
the desired result
During the recent outbreak in
Texas many different substances were
tried with a view OF repelling the
flies from live stock. Although some
materials gave a measure of protec-
ton for q time, none had a lasting
effect. In addition to the temporary
value OF these substances, injury was
sometimes produced by their appli-
cation. Many malodorous mixtures,
particularly OF an oily nature, have
some value, but in preparing these
care should be taken that they are
not made too strong, particularly
when animals are being worked in
the hot sun. If they are made too
strong they are likely to cause over
heating of the animal and produce
shedding Of the hair.
An Effective Mixture.
A mixture of fish oil Il gallon,) oil
of pine tar q ounces), oil of penny
royal q ounces), and kerosene G-2
pint) was found TO be very effective
In keeping the flieS OF live STOCK
when applied lightly, but thoroughly
to the portions of animals not covered
with blankets or nets
Proper Care OF Straw.
Since straw stacks have been found
to be the principal breeding places OF
this insect in the grain belt, the pro-
per care OF the straw is by far the
most important step In control. The
straw should be stacked more care
fully than is ordinarily done, by maxi
Ing the sides Of the stack nearly YER
tical and rounding IL up well on top
in order the better to shed the rain.
All straw not required for winter
feed should be disposed OF immedi-
ately by burning or by scattering Il
over the land soon after threshing
and subsequently plowing II under. or
by burning the stacks. The plowing
under of the straw is the most ad-
visable method of procedure, "a by
this practice large amounts Of humus
are added to the soil
All stacks not consumed by stock
during the winter should be promptly
disposed Of in the early spring. This
may be accomplished in the same
| way as has been suggested for the
fall. i-
Heavy rainfall on freshly threshed
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1913-08-31
OsWEGO COLLEGE, Oswego, Kansas

'. College young High standard accredited everywhere
Science Art @ho
Masha President
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1913-08-31

under at plowing time.
The use OF polsons to destroy i'm
mature flies is neither practical nor
advisable.
Manure Piles Dangerous.
Although straw Is the principal
breeding place for the stable fly in
the grain belt, thousands Of them de-
velop in manure piles. The house fly
and horn fly also breed extensively
here and therefore the greatest care
should be used in dealing with this
animal refuse. a
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1913-08-31
HOW 70 GONTnOD
Tl5 SIHBlE FLY
WATCH The STRAW STACKS
BN Proper Care of stable Conditions
This Dangerous Pest May
BE = .luiuatrd.

W lIINtIbt. Aug. ,u.". I4IIlt
the latc summer of 1912, tho actual
death loss of live stock iu Northern
Texas. caused hg the stable ilN iH c0u-
seryuuNcly estimated at $4,000 u
Farmers Bulletin No. $40. recently
issued Boy the department of agrcI.-
lure The loss due to the reduction
u mil. supply may reasonably ho
placed ut $4,000 and other losses
far surpass these two Items.
This only includes a few counties
iu Northern Texas where the fly was
most abundant and not it's deyasta-
tous sustained i'm practically all parts
~ the United States. The depart
ments new bulletin is written by r.
G.. Bishop, one OF It's chronological
experts, and gives many practical
hints regarding the control of this
pest
Besides literally worrying cattle,
mules and horses To death ana kill
ing them Wy extracting their blood,
the deadly fly also transmits disease
from one animal TO another. A
tropical sickness known as surra is
undoubtedly transmitted thus For
tunately this does not occur In the
United States at present, but unless
great care il exercised in importing
stock II may be introduced at any
time and the deadly fly given
chance to spread IT. A related dis
ease Of cattle, horses, and sheep,
known as souma, and a malady Of
hogs and cats are also carried, at
least in part, by this same insect.
Investigators also consider It to be
an agent I'm transmitting glanders
while a disease known as infectious
anemia or swamp fever Of horses is
thought by some to be carried by this
fly. A number Of years ago 1t was
found to act as a transmitter Of a
species OF roundworm that infests
cattle.
Animals weakened by loss OF blood
are more prone to contract Other dis
cases. Texas fever in an acute
form often attacks live stock that
has become less energetic in fighting
with stable flies. The joints of both
horses and cattle sometimes become
$50 swollen from standing in water
whore they sought protection from
flies, that they can hardly walk
Man Not Immune.
Even man may be inoculated with
disease by this pest Septcemia
Cblood-poisoniug) is considered to bc
carried by it and demonstrations Of
famous physicians have pointed to
the possibility OF the transmission of
iufautlc paralysis I'm the same man
ner Thus it viii be seen that the
| transmission of "a formidable array Of
/ diseases is chargeable to the stable
| fly
The stable fly is one Of the most
widely distributed Of insects, being
common in both tropical and tenn
] I4te4fs rgpItTg u. lsTp domestic yrI-
The independent-reporter. [volume] (Skowhegan, Me.) 1909-1955, 1913-05-29
EAST SKOWHEGAN

Monday morning after long spell
of cloudy and rainy weather 1t looked
as Ii we were going to have chance
10 finish planting and getting the
springs work done.
Sunday seemed to be lively day.
A good many were out driving.
Wallace Jewell and wife and little
granddaughter were at their camp
Sunday.
Chester G. Burrll and wife and lit
tie Carlton were at his fathers Sat
urday night and Sunday They re-
turned home to Madison In the after
noon. Sunday.
Mrs. A. F. Wardwell and son Ever
EFT were at her fathers Sunday. Ar
thur Wardwell is sick with troubles
of long standing.
Sullivan Clifford dined at ]. l.. Bur-
rill's Wednesday. He Is still stopping
at Herbert Richardson's, will soon
return to his home in Bowdolnham.
Alonzo Richardson Is about as usual
Louis Foster is very sick; seemed to
get better for time but Is now
worse again.
Ed Jewell and Abbott Nelson of the
Wilson Pharmacy spent some days at
Oaks Pond last week. Mr.. Nelson's
mother and wife were callers at the
Jewell camp In the mean time.
The independent-reporter. [volume] (Skowhegan, Me.) 1909-1955, 1913-05-29
NORTH MADISON

George Chase of Scion was in
town last Sunday afternoon.
Oliver Deane of Skowhegan Is In
town on visit to his brother. F.. C..
Deane and family.
Dr. S. f. Greene of Scion was in
town last Sunday called to see Mr..
zina Norton who had an i'll turn.
Mrs. Edith Robbins and daughter
Doris spent the day last Sunday with
her parents Mr. and Mrs. f. NJ Deane.
Charlie Norton of Scion was in
town last Sunday on a visit to his
mother Mrs. Rachel Norton.
George Stevens of Cornville was in
town several days last week on a
visit to Mrs. Eliza Robbins and son.
The sad news reached here last
Saturday Of the death of Curran Dean
of Milo. He was formerly a Madi-
son boy. He has host of rela-
tives here besides many warm friends
and is survived by widow and two
sons.
Mrs. Olive Spaulding who has been
very sick Is a little better at this
writing.
Mrs. Rose Chase who is working in
Scion was a caller in town last Sun
day.
The independent-reporter. [volume] (Skowhegan, Me.) 1909-1955, 1913-05-29
PALMYRA

Among the visitors Sunday at A. II.
Southards were Mr.. and Mrs. Daniel
Southland OF ST Adams, Mr.. and Airs.
BENJAMIN Sisson, Alvin Southland ana
Ivan Southland.
Mr.. and Mrs. II. b. Toyle were in
Pittsfeld Monday on business.
ID. s. Emerson and family OF st.
Albans were in town for a few hours
Sunday.
Miss Josephine Miller is in st. Al
bans for a few weeks.
Mrs. Aurora Pingree Of South st
Albans is quite i'll at this writing. Her
two sisters Mrs ArvilIa Weymouth OF
Gardiner and Mrs. Alwilda Smith oil
Portland are assisting in caring for
her at present.
MIR. and Mrs S. S. Seekns, Mr.. and
Mrs Benjamin Miller, Mr.. and Mrs.
Frank Seekins of st. Adams. Mr.. and
Mrs. Joseph Davis OF Detroit, Mrs.
Ida Towle and Miss AIga Towle OF
Pittsfield were among the guests Sun
day at the home of Mrs. NJ. c. Davis,
1t being her birthday. Presents OF
linen and china. also a birthday cake
with candles were in evidence. A
pleasant occasion Is reported.
The independent-reporter. [volume] (Skowhegan, Me.) 1909-1955, 1913-05-29
CANAAN

On account of Illness Mrs. Tarbell
was unable to teach school Thursday
and Friday
Mrs. f. J. Earle who was so UNI
fortunate as to fall recently and break
limb is reported to suffer greatly
from the effects
Mrs. Merle Harris Is improving
from her recent illness being able to
sit up quite a part OF the time.
Scott Lord has been confined to the
house for several days with lumbago.
Messrs Harris, Maxfield and Harris
attended the Masonic meeting which
was held in Bingham Thursday night.
Although it was rainy, very pleas
urable time was reported. The trip
was made by auto.
Mrs. Fred Horne passed away after
a tedious battle for life with that
dreaded disease pneumonia. she is
survived by a husband and two
children, girl and boy.
Guy Mason has moved his family
into the II. w. Davis house.
Horace Mason is again in very poor
health.
Fred Dunlap of Skowhegan was do
Young man wanted to learn the
business at buchanan Pharmacy,
Skowhegan.
Mr.. and Mrs f.. II. Williams and
Mrs. X. II. Harris attended the Grand
session of the Order of Eastern Star
which was held in Lewiston Tuesday
and Wednesday.
The dance in Canaan House hall
Friday night was not largely patron
lied, being so rainy.
1t Is hoped every one will be inter
ested in the Memorial services at tn
church. Friday, and help to make a
large audience.
Mr.. and Mrs S. J. Moody are enter
tanning company from Dexter. y
Mr.. and Mrs. Frank Rowell of
Pittsfied were doing business in this
village Tuesday.
Who would dispute person of say
ing they saw two inches of snow, May
"a, when Wallace Ireland was the
one? Wonders never cease.
Fred Hubbard arrived Friday night
from Boston for an indefinite stay.
A. ~ Burrill of Bangor was in town
last week and expects to move his
family here in the near future.
Solicitations are in order for as
sstance for the Swan family on the
Browns Corner road.
William Harris is said to be on the
sick list.
The concert given in the town hall
by Skowhegan talent Saturday night
was a decided success in every parti-
cular. Much credit is due each and
every one for the able manner in
which they took their parts 1t was
regretted that the weather couldn't
have been more favorable to warrant
larger attendance. Those parti-
cularly interested in music and read
ings could fully appreciate every num-
Der on the program.
The independent-reporter. [volume] (Skowhegan, Me.) 1909-1955, 1913-05-29

No. 101, l. o. o. F. and Twilight Re-
bekah Lodge No. so attended service
at the Methodist Episcopal church,
Sunday morning. A fine sermon
based on the parable of the Good
Samaritan was delivered by Rev. A.
w. Frye. The church was filled and
chairs were placed in the aisle to az
ford room for all. Miss Doris Dyer,
who has a sweet soprano voice, sang
I'm a Pilgrim" Miss Eva Burton
acted as organist.
The District meetinga of Rebekah
Lodges from Hartland, Pittsfield,
Harmony and Athens will be held at
Harmony June 18th. All members
are urged to be present.
Mr.. and Mrs. Otis Turner of st.
Adams. who have been passing the
winter in St. Cloud Florida, passed
through town Monday on their re-
turn home.
Members of Twilight Rebekah
Lodge met Saturday afternoon at the
Opera House to make wreaths for
Memorial Day.
The Somerset County Convention
of the W c. T. L. will be held at the
Baptist church, June and 5.
Fred Clark Merrill A Moore, Of
ney Wilbur. w. S. Guptil and r. Dun
lap were in Orono Saturday to at
tend the interscholastic track meet.
William Norton and William Dear
born of Fairfield, former residents of
Hartland, were in town Saturday,
guests of A S. Patterson.
Mr.. and Mrs J. s. Young are re-
ceiving congratulation on the birth
of an eleven pound boy, born Satur-
day, May "a
Mr. and Mrs. Perley Weber are re-
ceiving congratulations on the birth
of a daughter born Friday May %.
A dance in honor of the guest at
Camp Illahe. Great Moose Lake, was
held at the Grange Hall, Friday even
ing. Music was furnished by Mrs.
Beams orchestra
Mrs. Paul Brown who has been
quite i'll for the past week, went to
Somerset Junction, Monday, where
The independent-reporter. [volume] (Skowhegan, Me.) 1909-1955, 1913-05-29
SMITHFIELD

Mrs. Ellen Sherburn and brother,
Henry Young have returned to their
home in town after spending the win
ter In Skowhegan.
Mont Hartford is moving in Clar-
ence Harlow's house in Smithfield
village.
A number of our young people at
tended the telephone girls dance at
NorridgewOck, May %.
w. ]. Harrington, Jr, is in the
Somerset Hospital in Skowhegan for
treatment.
David Perkins is repairing the in
terror OF his house.
Arthur Clark has returned home
from Ardmore, Penn. where he has
been working the past winter and
will begin work as a guide. He will
move his family to Belgrade Lakes
for the summer.
Rev w. c. Stetson of WaterYllc, a
former pastor here, will supply the
pulpit, June LIST, in Smithfield VII
iage.
The independent-reporter. [volume] (Skowhegan, Me.) 1909-1955, 1913-05-29
FMBDEN CENTER

Fishing Some of the men in our
vicinity are quite excited over their
good luck at Lake Embden.
Philip and Ralph Young spent Sun
day with their parents.
Miss Nettie Hodgdon who has been
spending a short vacation with her
parents returned to Arson, Sunday.
Wallace Barron and wife took din
ner at Fred Young's last Thursday.
flag pole has ben erected at the
Mckinley schoolhouse and the flag
raising will take place the first fair
day.
Hartwell Hilton. who has been re-
ceiving treatment at the hospital in
Lewiston, has returned to his board
ing place at George Cops.
Master Mont Collins of Bingham
who has been visiting his aunt, Mrs.
Reuben Case, returned home Monday.
Miss Cora Williamson visited Sat
urday and Sunday with her sister
Gladys at Wallace Hodgdon's.
B. H. Smith of Arson was In town
Sunday.
Mrs. Mary Ann Moulton and Mrs.
Fred Salley visited at George Cops
Monday.
The independent-reporter. [volume] (Skowhegan, Me.) 1909-1955, 1913-05-29
CORNYILLE

A band of Gypsies camped at the
foot of Batty Hill. Friday night en-
route for Hartland.
Mrs. Sanford Strickland returned
Saturday from visit with friends IN
Wateryille and Fairfield.
{. S. Moody has had steel ceiling
put up in his kitchen the past week.
The tax rate for 1913 is % mills on
one dollar. This is two mills higher
than last year.
Mr.. and Mrs. Guy Moody are receiy-
ing congratulations on the birth of a
daughter, born Wednesday, May 81
Mrs. Emma j. Moody has been call
ed to Guilford by the illness of her
sister, Mrs. Ellen Clark, formerly of
this place. Mrs. Clark moved to Gull
ford about three years since and has
been in poor health for more than
year past. Her condition has been
still more unfayorable lately and this
occasions her sisters visit
The independent-reporter. [volume] (Skowhegan, Me.) 1909-1955, 1913-05-29
NORTH NEW PORTLAND

The heavy thunder shower of Sun
day afternoon did quite lot oil
damage in this vicinity. The lightn-
ing killed six cows of Marcellus
Berry's and struck the house OF }. Is.
viles tearing the shingles from the
roof breaking windows and also
tearing the plastering on and danlas-
ing a lot of furniture. The nghth-
ing struck in namber OF othef
places. .
{ II. Bartlett was in Livermore
Falls Wednesday and THURSDAY on
business
T. b. Tague has purchased a new
fye-passenger Gilmore automobile
The Sunday School Is preparing ex-
ercises for Memorial Day, which Will
he held In the Congregational Church
Iune lst. Mr.. Rogers from North
Arson will deliver a sermon
Mrs. Gertrude Smith has returned
home after spending few weeks IN
Portland with her daughter, MIS-.
Edith Kinds. -.
Mrs. Pharasilow Cole was at North
Arson one day last week.
Misses Ferne Luce and Lettie Libby
spent few days last week at Farhl-
ington and Livermore Falls.
George Romeo has gone to Madison
where she is employed at the Foss
Bakery.
Mrs. Harold Vles is at home from
Tim Pond with her grandmother
Mrs. b. f. Bartlett.
Mrs. Cora Walker expects to re
turn 10 her home in Denver, Colorado
this week.
supt. G. X. Williams was in town
last week.
A number of young people from
here attended the drama The Ma
sonic Ring" and dance at New Vine
yard, Thursday evening.
A. b. Plummer was at his home last
week
Eugene Wescott and family have
moved from their stand here in the
village on to their farm for the sum
mpr months.
The independent-reporter. [volume] (Skowhegan, Me.) 1909-1955, 1913-05-29
CARATUNK

DR.. Brown and John Owens of Bling
ham were in town, yesterday on their
way to Pleasant Pond.
Dana Lawrence of Skowhegan was
intown recently on business.
Mrs. Alice King Is working at
Leander Brights. Mrs. Bright is in
very poor health at this writing.
Mrs. p. j. Beane who recently sub
mitted to a critical operation is gain
Ing. Miss Isabelle Dunton, trained
nurse Is taking care OF her
w. II. and o. II. Clark have a
Stearns-Knight touring car, which
gives good satisfaction. G. S. and G.
L. Witham, Fred Clark and Charles
Mitchell each have Buick. Sher-
man Beane and Walter Bean have
each a Ford.
Mrs. Cora Powell who has been in
North Arson for treatment is much
better.
A large quantity of potatoes are
being seat to Bingham for shipment.
The price has gone up to roc per bu.
Mrs. Dexter Paige was taken vio-
lently Ill Sunday and Dr. Brown was
called. She was some better at last
reports.
The independent-reporter. [volume] (Skowhegan, Me.) 1909-1955, 1913-05-29
SOUTH MADISON

Mrs. Stilman Frost called on Mrs.
Warren Blackwell and Mrs. Augustus
Dickinson one day last week.
Frank Luce is working for A. H.
Mckinney.
Nathan Jackson Of Cornyille visited
his sister Mrs. Wallace Mckinney,
Monday afternoon.
James W. Wills and sister Mildred
were in Skowhegan one day last
week
Miss Josephine Hight spent Satur-
day and Sunday with her parents in
Athens
Harry Reynolds made a business
trip to Madison Saturday.
John Burwood who received
severe injuries from fall recently Is
much improved at this writing.
Mrs. Olive Ellis called on Mrs. Bet
sy Ellis recently.
Mr. and Mrs. Charles Houghton
visited relatives in North Arson, Sun
day
Mrs. A. NJ. SWEET made a business
trip to Madison Monday.
Alton Furbush of Lynn, Mass, who
Is visiting at d. f. Wescotts receiy-
cd quite sever injuries from a kick
from a horse last Monday night,
A. H. Ward and wife made bust
ness trip to Skowhegan, Tuesday.
The independent-reporter. [volume] (Skowhegan, Me.) 1909-1955, 1913-05-29
HARTLANn

Miss Beatrice Carey of Hailowell
and Arthur Baird, were united In
marriage at the Methodist Episcopal
parsonage Thursday evening by Rev.
A. w. Frye Only the members of
the family We're present; but about
thirty of their friends greeted them at
the door, with a shower of rice and
confetti, when they stepped out to
enter the carriage, which was waiting
to carry them to Pittsfield, after the
ceremony. Both Mr.. and Mrs. Baird
are popular young people in town
and have the best wishes of their
many friends. They departed on the
Pullman from Pittsfield for parts un-
known. A reception will be held at
the home of Mr.. Baird's parents after
their return. Thursday evening. Mrs.
Baird has been in town for several
months. being employed as pianist
and soloist at the moving pictures.
Mr.. Baird is a son of A. d. Baird of
ST. Adams and has been popular
clerk at the store of G. NJ. Lancey.
Miss Maud Graves Of Dover and
Mr.. Howard Annis, formerly of this
town were quietly married at the
Methodist Episcopal parsonage FRI
day evening at eight o'clock, Rev.. A.
w Frye performed the ceremony. Mr.
Annis is a former Hartland boy and
has many friends in town, who are
glad to welcome both Mr.. and Mrs.
Annis and extend their best wishes
to them. Mr.. and Mrs Annis will
make their home with Mrs. J. F.
Connolly, Mr.. Annis sister for the
present.
The members of Hartland Lodge
The independent-reporter. [volume] (Skowhegan, Me.) 1909-1955, 1913-05-29

she will stay until she opens her sun
mer cottage at the Lake.
Miss Jean Smith has returned from
Waltham, Mass.
Robert Strout of Portland is visit
ing friends in town.
Mrs. G. w. Henderson is expected
home from Lewiston Tuesday whers
she has been a patient at the Central
Maine General Hospital.
Oscar Bigelow of st. Adams was a
business caller in town Monday.
Frank Burton of New York is yis-
iting his parents in town.
Mrs. Alex Johnston and Nre
Thomas Mahoney were in Wateryille
Tuesday.
Mrs. w. H. Russell has gone IN
Boston for a few days.
Mrs. Sherman Williams was in Va
teryille Friday
Mr. and Mrs. Hamilton of Spring
vale are guest of their son, R. G
Hamilton.
Mr. and Mrs. Frank Woodbridge re-
turned to Somerville. Tuesday.
Mr.. and Mrs. r. o. Williams and
I Leon Holmes are camping at Great
Moose Lake.
Leslie Hoyt of Athens was a bust.
ness caller in town Tuesday.
A band of gypsies passed through
town Saturday afternoon.
The independent-reporter. [volume] (Skowhegan, Me.) 1909-1955, 1913-05-29
HINCKIEY

Mrs. W. Il. -Pendexter of Fairfield
was in town Sunday calling on
friends.
Miss Genevieve Clark is guest at
Good Will Farm through Commence
ment
Mr.. and Mrs. Earle Bracket and
little daughter OF Clinton were in
town Sunday.
Melvin Palmer returned Friday
from weeks vacation at Pleasant
Pond He has been on the sick list
the past two weeks.
Miss Beatrice Sargent was caller
at the home of her sister Mrs. Waite
White Sunday afternoon.
The baccalaureate sermon was de-
lvered by Rev. G. w. Hinckley at the
Good VIII chapel May 25th.
Mrs. Carl f. Pierce went to Show
hogan Monday afternoon. returning
Tuesday
Mrs Amanda B. Smith returned to
her home. in Oakland Saturday after
spending q week in town.
DR.. Frederick. specialist from
Augusta, was in town Sunday called
here in consultation with the attend
ing physician of Mrs. Walter p.
Hinckley. Mrs. Hnckley has been
critically i'll but Is reported better.
I Mr. and Mrs. Alfred Chubbuck of
Skowhegan were guests at the home
of Asa Pratt the first of the week.