Licking Valley courier. [volume] (West Liberty, Ky.) 19??-current, 1913-11-06
RADIATION OF BODY
Perspiration or the Lack Of It
COols and Heats.
In the Tropics or Arcties Temperature
Is Governed by Disqualification
olscomforts of Summer or Win
ter Are Overcome.

1t Is we'll to know what raises and
what lowers the bodily temperature.
In summer we all want to keep as
cool as possible, and we should know
what will tend not merely to make us
feel cool but really to be cool.
Except in sickness, when the temp
erature Of the body is increased by
many degrees and is called fever, we
are never so hot as at the moment
we are born. The temperature of a
new born baby is higher than that
OF Its mother, rising to 102 degrees
Fahrenheit, but during the first day
1t goes down rapidly as far as 97.5,
and then rises again to>a little more
than the normal temperature of the
adult. With this exception age does
not change the temperature. which is
in the normal man 1876 on the aver
age.
The temperature varies as much as
two degrees in the "a hours. The
minimum is 97.5, and is reached at
about a. M, while the maximum,
1915, Is attained at four in the after
noon. 1t Is notable that fasting or
sleep does not alter these tempera:
lures; those persons, however, who
work at night and rest by day reverse
the order of the variations in temp
erature. Thus bakers who work at
night have the highest temperature
at a a. m. and the minimum toward
evening.
In tropical countries the average
normal temperature is 1904, slightly
higher than in the temperate zones.
In the arctic the normal temperature
Is lower Norwegians, who live in a
cold climate, have an average temp
erature Of 97.7.
These variations are certainly due
to the difference in the temperature
OF the air and not, as some have
thought, to differences Of race, for
Norwegians attain the same tempera-
ture as natives when they live In the
tropics.
Muscular labor has considerable eff.
feet upon the temperature and max
raise 1t as much as two degrees. One
scientist observed that with normal
exercise the temperature went up
from 97.7 to 100. In certain excep-
tional cases the temperature rises
even more. A runner has been found
to mark 103 after a hard race. In
tellectual labor causes a rise in temp.
erature. Weiss shows that a man
sitting down to study hard with a
temperature of 81 raises 1t one degree
to 98 by 40 minutes Of brain work.
The maintenance of the tempera.
ture about a certain standard in the
warm blooded animals, notwithstand-
ing the variations Of external temp
erature, proves the existence OF some
kind OF internal regulator by which
the animal lights against the tendency
to increase or diminish his own heat.
The resistance of warm blooded ami.
mails against cold is considerable. In
polar regions these animals-bears,
seals, musk oxen, dogs, etc.-with.
stand temperatures Of 30 degrees be.
low zero habitually, and hansen re.
ports that he felt no great inconvenl.
ence when the temperature was less
than 40 below.
The body uses two means of fight
ing cold: Diminishing the loss Of
heat by radiation and increasing In
ternal combustion.
Diminution of radiation is brought
about by the fur of the animals and
by mans clothing. Besides, there Is
construction OF the blood vessels, OF
a diminution of the irrigation OF the
skin, which brings about a cooling OIL
the skin and as a consequence de
creased radiation.
Increase of combustion is brought
about by increase Of muscular activ
ity, which, as we say, keeps u.
warm" and by the eating Of fats ant
other foods OF high carbon content.
In summer or In tropical climates
we have to fight increase OF tempera
ture which would arise from the in
vasion OF the heat without or from
overcombustion within. The organ
ism overcomes heat by increasing "a
diation and evaporation. The dllatior
OF the blood vessels causes the blooC
to flow to the surface OF the body
and II the temperature without be no
higher than that Of the blood the los
by radiation is increased.
But II Is especially by loss Of waite
that the warm blooded animals pre-
vent the rise of temperature OF tn,
body. The cold produced by evapora
ton is great. for the loss of one gran
of water takes up about $50 small
calories. II, for instance, a mai
evaporates a quart of water (by per
spiration and evaporation through tn
lungs) in "a hours he loses $50 larg,
calories-i. O., enough heat to lowe
the temperature OF 116 pounds o
water ten degrees.
This demonstrates the enormou
value Of evaporation through skin an
lungs and the necessity for keepin
these organs In prime condition. espt
cially during the warm weather.
we are to bear It In comfort. II
obviously, then, crime against IN