davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-06-29
Earth to Be Like the Moon

From the New York American.
In regard to the present dried-up condi-
ton of the moon, 1t used to be believed
that the moon at one time had "a plentiful
supply of water but that the great heat
developed on either side as the moon was
turned to the sun on alternate sides II
days at a stretch gradually evaporated
the water. This vapor of evaporation did
not fall back to the moons surface, it
was claimed, because the moons gravity
was not sufficient to hold It. and SO the
vapor constantly thrown off by centrifugal
motion gradually left the moon barren
and dry.
But the new theory now held by the
great scientists Is also held to be appli-
cable TO the earth, and that what really
happened to the moon will happen to this
planet in the course of time--an almost
unthinkable amount of time.
This theory Is that crystal of any sort,
lump of rock or quartz or limestone.
contains a great proportion of water. If
these things are heated in retort the
water Is recovered and the crystal be-
comes powder. Now, if this powder is
placed near the water ii will absorb quite
lot of it while cooling
The interior of the moon being at one
time extremely hot, so hot that II was
molten mass, a cooling process was
started then, and in cooling the natural
demand was for water, in order for them
to form their crystals The water seeped
down through the crust of the moon and
finally 1t was in that manner all used up.
This is the manner in which this theory
is applied to the earth. Our great oceans
bring a powerful pressure to bear upon
the earth's crust, and because of sub
terranean volcanoes in various parts of
the Pacific ocean we know water is grad
ually seeping into the heated interior of
the earth.
The earth continues to lose it's heat by
radiation, and this brings about a shrink
age and cracking OF the old crust, as
demonstrated now and then by great
earthquakes and volcanic eruptions This,
in turn, makes a communication between
the water of the earth's crust and the
cooling mass inside these things being
affinities. And so it is claimed all the
earth's water must gradually seep in the
formation of crystals. Even then 1t is
claimed there will not be sufficient water
to cool and crystalize all the molten mass
inside.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-06-29

each instance it was found that he had
SO successfully woven a network of de-
fence, that to undertake to eliminate him
by force would have been like tearing
a new patch from an old garment, ac-
cording to the sacred parable, the breach
of which would have been made the
worse thereby.
The government sought by indirection,
and not always in the most creditable
way, to uproot the confidence of the In
dians by due exposure, but McGillivray
was never found unprovided with means
to account for the reasonableness of
each separate charge. With the strate-
gy of Napoleon, this extraordinary
man could outgeneral all who were pitted
against him. Such was the character,
such the career of Alexander McGilli-
vray.
He was now an old man. The stylus
of care and of responsibility, assumed
in an arena the most atrocious, had
drawn deep grooves on his brow. His
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-06-29

"HB salutary effect of music upon
human character easily places this
L fine art among the sacred things
of life. Its melodies and harmonies often
awaken the loftiest emotions and inspire
to the accomplishment of the highest pur-
poses; but 1t seems impossible to express
by musical combinations that which is
immoral or vile either in abstract concep-
ton or in actual deed.
This cannot be said of the other fine
arts, sculpture and painting. For sculp-
ture may lend its artistic hand to a de-
basement of character, and its genius
the chisel to carve conceptions of obscen-
ity that shall stand for ages as the ex-
ponent of the foulness that abode in the
heart of him whose mallet and steel fash
ioned the vice in stone. ] do not say that
this is done or that it was ever done. But
| affirm that sculpture is capable of this
degrade ton.
The same possibility lies within the art
of painting. This sublime art Is capable
of portraying upon the canvas the highest
forms of beauty. but the use of color. pro-
portion and perspective; it may convey to
the canvas the glory of the world of the
Apocalypse with such splendor and sub
Unity that one almost hears the voices of
the angelic host singing Holy. holy,
holy, Lord God Almighty" it transfers
to its magic cloth marvellous bits of beau-
tiful scenery from plains. shadowy for
ests, rivers. birds and flowers. O, Won
derful is the art that distinguished Raph-
cal, Correggio, Tintoretto, Holbein, Tur-
ner, and the host that stand tall and lofty
among painters Yet even this amazing
art may be made to express the most
loathsome conceptions of the debased
mind.
But music cannot represent moral evil.
1T may utter means of pain and senti-
ments of sadness; it may illustrate the
clash and clang of battle, the heroic
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-06-29

dealing with a number of conflicting
agencies and causes, and yet equally dupe
all, and if apprehended, be able so to
summon to his defense a sufficiency of
plausibility as actually to invest the whole
situation with a sheen of fairness. Con-
Trajectory at many points, he could give
1t all the aspect of consistency.
The only service that Alexander McGini-
vray rendered was that of preventing d
general outbreak of the Indian tribes,
which fact was due not to his horror of
blood. so much as to the. fact that using
the deluded red man, he was able to hold
him up as an object of fear, and thus
elicit by agitation and apprehension that
which would conduce to his emolument
He never did right unless 1t was to his
profit and falsehood was preferable to
truth, if it would serve a turn to his
persanal profit. He derived abundant
encouragement from the condition of his
environment to which his character was
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-06-29

morse was gone. all the finer emotions
which shrink from public exposure of
wrong long ago deadened. Moral obli-
guilty was complete and hardened ini-
guilty made him insensibe to the frown
of reproach with which he was every
where met.
Worn out by the criminality of a long
life, McGillivray sought a home in his
last days at Little River In the lower
part of Monroe county, where he died
on February II, 1898. His remains were
taken to Pensacola and inferred in the
spacious gardens of William Panton a
wealthy Scotch merchant, with whom Me-
Gillivray had long been associated in
business connections. His very aged
father survived him, and was still living
at Dummaglass, Scotland. to whom Will
liam Panton wrote of the death of his
notorious son. Thus passed away tho
greatest diplomat Alabama ever pro-
duced, but he left to posterity nothing
worthy of emulation.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-06-29
THE SACREDNESS OF, MUSIC-No Z

patriotic songs, with their simple Doric
airs, played upon the simplest instru-
ments-songs whose purpose had been to
stir the heart with manly emotions, which
might be ready for use as motives when
strenuous action was demanded, now
gradually gave way to languid or senti-
mental songs with complicated ear-tick-
ling rhythms, set to Lydian or Phrygian
airs full of trills and sraces, and played
upon difficult instruments requiring
skillful manipulation
In their mythology, also, the old Greeks
paid high tribute to the power of music.
Their language, of such splendid culture
as it was, was inadequate they therefore
resorted to myths and related stories that
might impress their countrymen with the
moulding power of music and its lofty
possibilities. AS witness, Amphions music
building the walls of Thebes; Orpheus
Tyre moving rocks and trees, and causing
beasts to leave their lair with passion
subdued; Eurydice's being won from the
underworld by the sweetness of the music
that charmed the rulers of that abode.
Are these only myths? No. While they
are myths, they are not only myths. They
are a peoples expression of the power
of music in individual and in national
life.
In Grote's History of Greece there is
frequent reference to the uses of music
among the ancients in that classic land,
and the scientific side of the art must
have advanced to a very high degree of
excellence inasmuch as Anacharsis says
of the sacred songs sung by choruses of
youths, that they are SO harmonious
and so well seconded by the art of the
poet, as frequently to draw tears from
the greater part OF the audience"
/ suppose the first, Oldest, and noblesJ
use to which music was adjusted was in
the worship of the gods, and then, il
Plutarch be correctly reported, it was
employed ''in the purifying, the regulat.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-06-29

TN the records of the race it would be
difficult to find embodied in the life
- and career of any one more strange
and incongruous elements than those
which entered into the history of Gen.
Alexander McGillivray. Though unques-
tionably a man of ability. that ability
was turned into the most wicked of chan
nels; highly gifted with the elements of
leadership, these We're devoted to the
single end of the enhancement of his
purse; gracious in manner, courteous and
ostensibly obiging to an astonishing de-
gree, yet, at bottom, all this demonstra-
tion was only so many decoys to catch
the unsuspecting, and even to the suspi-
cious they were oftener than otherwise
availing; cool and collected, placid and
serene, it was but the charm to wheede
the confidence in order to sinister con-
summation, and while emphatic sometimes
with make-believe sincerity, it was only
to delude.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-06-29

lutte player. These schools were under
the patronage of the Muses. and their
leader Apollo. Much beyond music was
taught the Athenian youth at these In
stitutions; indeed, he was taught letters,
dancing and department. ] here quote
from "The Education of the Greek Peo-
ple":
about noon there is a recess during
which the boys partake of a simple meal
brought them by their pedagogues. After
this they are marched in order to the
music school. Here, after saluting the
master and uttering a brief invocation
to the MUSES. and Apollo, whose statues
adorn the schoolroom, they begin their
mental gymnastics These consist of sing
ing, playing on the lutte, writing and
reading. The exercises begin with pa
triotic songs. the first is a religious
song celebrating Zeus, Athens, or some
great deity, and is sung in unison to a
simple old fashioned Doric air, and the
boys are encouraged to throw all the fire
they can into the words and music This
is followed by war song recalling some
great national victory, and is rendered in
the same spirit. Then follow other songs,
but all simple and strong, appealing to
patriotic and ethical emotions quite as
much as to the musical scene. After the
singing comes the lesson on the lutte, in
which the boys learn to play the airs to
which their songs are sung. After the
lutte playing comes the instruction i'll let
ters"
Thus the wise old Greek masters began
to teach the boys of the schools who were
to be the men of later day, the soldiers
of future armies the philosophers, the
oratore, the rhetoricans, and the poets
of future porticoes. They must learn
music, for it makes better citizens, more
patriotic soldiers, and better men in all
the spheres of life. With the decadence
of the glory of Greece and the ultimate
spelling. of its manhood "the strong old
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-06-29

But what is the logic of modern life
driving toward? Nothing less than an
educative activity of the whole COM
munity against vice, as it leads to an
educative treatment even of the crim-
inal. In other words we are compelled
to cease making terms of compromise
with what ever degrades public or prl-
vate life. The only conceivable atti-
tude of the city toward the vicious sa-
loonkeeper or professional gambler,
woh profits by immortality Is ceaseless
war upon him, refusal to recognize his
business as legitimate, constant Wig
ilanee lest he should carry it on to
the damage of society. Must not the
same he said about all traffic in i'm
morality? To make terms with it is
fatal to respect for law, fatal to self
repsect, fatal to the innocence and the
susceptibility of children, fatal to social
education and evolution.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-06-29

, for themselves when he was 90 and she
was 10. now they, must wait until he is
about IS and she 22. In other words, the
period between the arrival of their So
cial instincts and their marriage, the
temptation period, is heightened. This
condition results in a lowering of the
moral standards along sexual lines. The
percentage Of young people who can keep
themselves clean through temptation
period of five years is naturally larger
than the percentage who can keep them
selves clean through q temptation period
of eight years
Stagnation follows in the whole social
life of the community, especially as ex-
pressed In it's institutions Raising the
price Of land without proportionately
raising the income derived from it in
creases the farmers capital and his taxes
but decreases his interest. A $4,000 farm
that yields a $500 income is 10 per cent
investment, but a $4,000 farm that yields
a $500 income is only 5 per cent invest
ment When this condition prevails the
natural tendency of the farmer is-to
sell. to convert the capital Into cash and
put it where it will bring a larger in
terest When he sells he moves, and
when he moves he and his family go out
of the country school, the country church
and the community life altogether 1t
makes for shifting and decreasing ru-
raj population which Is poor soil for
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-06-29

McGillivray's only idea of right was that
of disqualification. If to do right at any
time was most productive of methods of
promotion, why he would adopt that
course, but only as a means of convent
ence. Unhampered by sense of obliga-
tion and unchecked by conscientious
scruple, his prodigious intellect and fer
tility of resource made Alexander Me
Gillivray the most dangerous of men. Yet
he could descant at length with all the
men of a moral philosopher on duty and
obligation, the rights of man, the turpi-
ture of wrong, the cruelty of injustice, the
inhumanity of deception, and all else in
the catalog of morality. His familiarity
with all these afforded him the amplest
guilt. Self was his measuring rod laid
with accurate hand on the most contra
dictory of conditions.
The amplitude of his personal forces en-
abled McGillivray to do what the fewest
can successfully-wind his sinuous course
through the most tangled conditions, while
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-06-29

silver hair and tottering gait admonished
him of the brief time that was his, but
so far from relaxing his grip on the
things which had aetuated him through
out, this condition only served to tighten
it. Experience had sharpened his wits
and vllainy had made him impregnab@
in plying his art. His was a master
passion that gave fresh desperateness in
view of the approaching end. A vast
fortune was his, and with the passion
of the man who never had a higher
dream than that of personal gain, he
hugged it with tenaclty common to men
under conditions of advancing age, yet
knowing meanwhile that with his end
would come that of the use of his inn
mense means.
He lived to see himself repudiated by
all alike He was rejected by the Amer
lean government. castout by the Span
iards, and by degrees came to be dis
trusted by the Indians. All sense of re-
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-06-29

10 paraphrase certain psalm: "He
that sitteth in the underworld shall laugh:
the devil Shall crack his satanic ribs
with derision." But the laughter of hell
has dreadful power of producing deadly
enects on its most innocent agents. And
one OF those effects on Alabama in this
particular instance has been more blind
ness, more indifference to Justice more
contempt for the sufferers, more willing
ness to make more laws treating as
crimes other vices than gambling.
Happily there is always a protesting
party in every self governing people.
More or less incomplete programmes of
reform have been outlined, and something
has been done to alleviate the horrors of
detention camps and jails. Some voices
are even raised against the vice of con-
founding vice with crime. And vet a for
bidding away of my fellow citizen or lin
ing up their forces to respect that stu
pidity and even to manufacture a new
significance for the worst vice.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-06-29
THE PATRONAGE OF VICE-By George Eaves D. D.

tenn of punishment or as a consequence
of preventible disaster. Their relatives
had no more recourse than il the men
We're murderers hanged for their crimes.
Humiliation, heartbreak, dumb and un-
utterable resentment, have famed and
smoldered in these hundreds of men,
while whatever devil has been in charge
of their miseries must have howled at
his excrutiatingy funny joke.
So pious is Alabama that she would
rather murder men than allow them to
''shoot craps@ In the name of the
holy law which came from Puritanism,
let us kill these brutes who have no
other amusements than playing for pen
nies and niclxles! But let us not be has
ty about it, Let us make a little pious
profit thereby tnat we may have money
to pay the governors salary without go
ing mot our own pockets! What Is the
sense of being righteous if you can't
pick up a living at it?
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-06-29

Smile Haunts Me STILL" "Juanita," +" Toys
That We've Tasted" ION Lone Barren
Isle" Rocked In the Cradle of the Deep
I'1n a Cottage BY the Sea- Kathleen
Mavourneen."
In the year 1877 Shelley wrote little
poem OF five lines whose title was "Mu-
sic" ] wish he had extended tho por-
trayal OF his exquisite thought. He calls
music the
"Silver key of the fountain of tears;'
and we find d paragraph in Vanity Fair
which dear old Thackeray employed TO
illustrate this same thought. Mrs. Craw-
ley Becky Sharp was at the home of
Lady steyne, and "she sang religious
songs of Mozart, which had been favor
ties of Lady Steyne, and with such ten
derness and sweetness that the lady lin
gerlng around the piano sat down by it's
side and listened until the tears rolled
from her eyes. She was a child again.
and had wandered back through a forty
years. wilderness to her convent garden
the chapel organ had pealed the same
tones, she was girl once more and the
brief period of her happiness bloomed
out again for an hour
Aud lang syne," Byron tells us. al
ways had the effect OF taking him back
to boyhood days which he spent at Aber-
deem and brought back "all his boy feel
ings. all his genter Dreams" And Sir
Walter felt that these melodies chanted
in our ears In the days of our infancy,
and connected with memories of those we
have loved and who have passed away,
clothe Scottish landscapes with tender
associG tions."
The tendency of music is toward things
most sacred-sacred associations. sacred
memories, sacred longings, and sacred
occasions. whose promptings would make
men better. Says Rus<in in his Lectures
on Art; "All right human song is the
finished expression, by art, of the joy
or grief of noble persons for right causes.
A maiden may sing OF her lost love- but
a niser cannot sing of his lost money"
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-06-29

exactly adapted. The man and the oc-
casion met in Alexander McGillivray.
As the agent of the government en-
trusted with the dispensation of the finan-
cial and commercial gifts to the Indians,
in accordance with the secret treaty with
President Washington, no one ever knew
how much or how little the poor red men
ever received. The fact that the ar
rangement was a secret one, was much
to the purpose and pleasure of McGili-
vray. The government promptly met it's
obligation, and there is not wanting evil
dence that there all sense of obligation
ended. This notorious man went to his
grave invested with the deepest suspicion.
Nor was it altogether restricted to sus-
picion this outrageous conduct of Alex
ander McGillivray. Detection was un-
escapable under certain conditions. Sc
cret agents of a suspicious government
spying out his varied transactions ex-
posed his atrocity time and again, but in
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-06-29

cater to the degenerate and immoral 2or-
tion OF the populace. If a man be-
comes addicted to opium he is immoral
and he is vicious. Yet the result af-
fects himself chiefly. If a druggist,
for the sake of gain, supplies him with
the drug, his business has become i'm
moral, and his immortality verges near
er to the borderline between the vicious
and the criminal Why? Because his
act influences another toward immoral
conduct and is performed for personal
gain.
Thus the professional gambler is more
immoral than the player who merely
risks his own money for his own
amusement This professional immor-
ality becomes almost indistinguishable
from crime. For it is the incitement
and temptation and lure of men to be
vicious. If, for instance, a saloonkeeper
should sell liquor to a known drunkard
would not that catering to a mans vice
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-06-29

m HE proposition is If the price OF
land in any rural community be
i raised without a corresponding
rise in the income derived from the
land the morals of the community
suffer.
Let the year be 1900. Let the land
be any typical agricultural township in
the United States. 1t is valued at an
average of $40 an acre, and the typical
farm including, of course, improve
ments, is worth about $4,000 and yields
all told or 10 per cent interest. The
population consist of about 200 families
of strictly American stock, 80 per cent
of whom have resided in the community
10 years or more. There are five or six
one-room schools in the township, and
six or seven churches. The average en-
rollment in the schools Is 80; the aver
age membership of the churches 60.
The social life of the community, while
crude, is not sluggish. However, conserv-
ative in methods of farming and of ed
ucation there is yet a spirit of pride and
of friendly cooperation. Telephones have
not yet been introduced, so there is still
good bit of visiting among families
The roads are so poor that there is little
travel on them between town and country,
and the recreations of the young people
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-06-29

be itself more vicious than the vice
by which 1t profits?
But when a city goes into sort of
tacit part ownership with those who
cater to vice, that city has surely
swung full circle from the time when
she made laws that regarded vice as
crime! Then she attempted to make
profit by Furnishing the vicious. Now
she attempts to make profit by con-
senting to the vices of the vicious. As
sentimental Tommy put it to the SEN
timental ladies: THE worse 1 said [
were. the better pleased were she"
Thus 1t happens that the confusion
of vice with crime has ended in an al
lance between the law and those who
do most to cultivate vice. And 1t came
about by4the instructive feeling that
vice must be managed and checked and
made as little dangerous as possible
precisely the same notion as led our
Puritan forefathers to make fierce laws
against immortality OF various sorts.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-06-29
Cheering the Invalid

From the National Monthly.
They sent Willie to inquire about the
condition of a sick neighbor. giving him
instructions not to worry the sick man.
Willie returned with a pleased look on
his face. as though he had carried out his
instructions to the very letter
II tell you nanny. I cheered up Mr..
Smith all right. l told him that when he
died we were all going to his funeral and
that the neighbors had already Clipped
in to buy wreath for his casket, and
| Only asked him one question: What was
his favorise flower?
ut would be so nice, I told him. to have
the wreath made out of them"