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The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1913-05-22
INTENSIVE FARMING
Conducted by FRANK 9. MONTGOMERY, MS,
Instructor In Animal Husbsndy and Special Investigate
REARING CHICKS

The death rate among young chicks
In this state Is very high. A large
percentage OF this loss is due to mis-
management. At the Experiment
Station we have bad splendid success
In raising young chicks.
The vitality of the young birds de-
Ponds very largely on the vigor of tho
birds that lay the eggs. We have found
that we get tho best results from eggs
produced at that time in the spring
when the flock is allowed considerable
range on grass aud other green crops.
During tho winter tits common prac-
tice among poultrymen 10 house their
birds closely. At this time fertility
and vitality are very low, while later
when the birds get out of doors these
qualities increase.
We have found that, in comparison
with the incubator and brooder, the
hen can very satisfactorily hatch the
eggs aud care for the chicks. We make
the nests out of hay or some material
that is fine In texture. Straw is rather
coarse and allows the heat OF the
hroody hen to escape. while the hay
holds tho heat In the nest.
When the chicks are Matched we
keep them In the incubator. or allow
them to stay with the mother IL
hours before feeding anything. Then
we feed fine chick grit and supply
luke warm water. The next day we
g're the first feed Of fine cracked
chick feed. Rolled oats are valuable,
but we have had splendid results from
feeding nothing but chick feed and
grit for the first week. At the end of
ten days we feed q finely powdered
grow feed which has in 1t beef
scrap. fish scrap. wheat shorts and
some other Ingredients. The young
birds arc very fond Of this and 1t
makes them grow rapidly. We also
sprinkle powdered charcoal in the feed
once q day. Clean water is supplied
In a sanitary fountain. The water is
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1913-05-22

Photograph by Tennessee agricultural es.
pertinent station.
prrcHISo To PREVENT WASHING or SOIL
chiefly through the peculiarly potent
substance water. OF which large guam
titles exist In the soil and pass thence
into the plants and animals. and the
vital energy of organisms. like that of
coil. il maintained largely by the cir
culation OF their fluid portions. which
consist chiefly of water. In most ani-
NAL genera the circulation Il fairly
Uniform throughout life. Among most
kinds OF plants II varies widely with
tho season. while In soil the circuls.
ton depends largely on climate ard
sason. especially as these are related
10 plant growth. Other things equal.
the internal work or functioning Of
soil In determined by Its capacity for
conserving water and conveying Il to
growing plants
The fresh water entering soil Is de-
rived from rain or melting snow si
Their directly or through overflow or
underfow by irrigation or otherwise.
The water within the soil may be or
may not be efficient In circulation or
In soil functioning. according to Its
quantity In relation to the soil texture.
Tor with its quantity its condition may
BE- said to vary from. first. static to.
second. dynamic-that is. II may be
either inert or active.
The full capacity OF given soil for
water ranges with Its texture or poros-
tty from some 10 per cent TO over 90
per cent OF Its volume. This may be
denoted the water OF saturation. II
completely Nils the intersuces among
the soil grains. dlsplacing the soil gas.
and ordinarily moves Enthusiastically
under the impulse OF gravttation II
tmpedes or prevents normal function.
Ing OF the soil and remains In a vir.
tuaily static condition until the ex-
cess Is removed by drainage. etc.
The water required 20 form soil
mud Tor 10 furnish the most effective
soil moisture) ranges with the texture
or the soil body from. say, 10 per cent
for sand to 40 per cent for fine clay
ana much more for muck. The qnan-
tity suffices 10 form a Aim surround
Ing each soil grain In such manner as
TO permit eapillarity TO act throughout
the mass and yet leave space for air
for soil gas within the intersttces.
While ordinary annual crop plants
root within the nrst foot from the sur
face, the underlying three feet OF sub
coll forms a reservoir whence they de-
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1913-05-22
Farmers of This Country
RObb ing Soil of Its
HE trouble with the American farmer is that he HAS
COME ONE CROP MAN. One of the biggest
Fertility


HE trouble with the American farmer is that he HAS BE-
COME ONE CROP MAN. One of the biggest in
ducements this practice the year farm lease The
farmer takes the land for year. another takes the
another the next and until rotation precuded
through the previous routine the land consequently
suffers
What the farmer needs is education The farmer needs
education than the banker the merchant His subject
broader Coupled with this phase of agricultural conservation
We have teachers who teach the
subject agriculture and teach right Our teachers be
teal They have lived farms and faced the daily problems
of the farmer Our problem the presentation of this now
acquired teachers the children for
in soil conservation lies with the coming generation.
OPINION A GREAT MANY FARMERS IN
REALITY BELIEVE THE SOIL CAN BE EXPLOITED WITHOUT
REGARD FUTURE THIS 10 MISTAKE THAT GRADUALLY
BEING REcTFiED AFTER HUNDRED AND TWENTY-FIVE
YEARS or FARMING COUNTRY WE ARE CRYING FOR
FERTILIZER FIFTEEN HUNDRED YEARS OF
FARMING THE CHINESE HAVE NOTHING WHICH COMPLAIN
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1913-05-22

Root system Of mIikwssd, the roots Z
Inches to 4 Inches below the surface.
Of the cultivator and pillow. They
may be dispersed with undecomposed
manure. packing materials, or i'm
ported fruit trees. Mice and gophers
may scatter roots to different parts
Of the field.
The root systems of weeds vary
greatly. The term root a. ordinarily
used BY the farmer. may mean . root
stock. ~ in the case Of Quack grass.
A great many weeds. especially peren-
mails. have not only perennial roots
but root stocks also. A root stock
is simply . stem growing beneath the
surface Of the ground.
Many weeds have strong tap roots.
this being especially true of weeds
like mullen. hemp. cockle-burr. Wild
carrot and lambs quarter. or Quack
grass. wood sage. and peppermint.
produce numerous horizontal root
stocks that are found close to the sur
face Of the ground. rs per cent. of the
rootstocks being found within four
inches Of the surface. From the nodes
there arise numerous small fbrous
roots.
The roots Of many perennial plants
like Canada thistle. morning glory
horsenettle and milkweed spread very
extensively through the ground. The
root Of a common milkweed has been
traced for a distance Of fourteen feet
through the soil.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1913-05-22
VALUABLE AS WINTER APPLES


Two very valuable winter apples,
either for home use or for market, are
Baldwin and Rome Beauty, when con-
ditions are favorable. In the north
Baldwin IL very profitable. II has
visor productiveness, good size, good
appearance. quality and keeping.
Grown south II Ia far from satisfac-
tory. Below 40 degrees II Ia usually
on the ground at picking time and be-
ginning to decay.
Rome Beauty. on the other hand.
suits the south. IL soil, cultivation.
etc. are right. n originated in the
old Putnam Nursery, near Marietta.
Ohio. II was sprout coming out be-
low the graft. and by a kind OF acct
dent was not cut OF until the pur-
chaser Of the tree, and intelligent
farmer named Gillett, was attracted
by Its beautiful appearance. Finding
on examination that there were roots
enough for both graft and sprout, he
scut them apart and handing the
sprout to his son, directed him to plant
II and see what It would come to.
When It came into bearing and its
value was seen. some thought of call
ing II Gillett's Seeding. the addition
Of the term. Seeding to new varieties.
being customary then. But a. Mr..
Gillett had not raised II from seed.
Rome Beauty was finally agreed on:
from Rome township In Lawrence
county. Ohio. In which the original
tree was growing.
In growth It does not start on -
vigorously as Baldwin. but II does fne-
~ afterward. bearing early and we'll
II It has the right care. In quality
= not quite up to the Baldwin and
not near up with the Grimes Golden.
Evening Party. Stuart Golden and one
or two others: but its nns sise and ap-
psarance render It very popular In
market. Nor must II b forgotten
that its early and profuse bearing rem
der good soil indispensable. And
spraying at the proper time must noS
b overlooked.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1913-05-22
HOME COURSE
IN SCIENTIFIC
AGRICULTURE
NINTH ARTICLE " AGRI-
CULTURAL DUTY OF
WATER.
BY W J m'0EE. Late Soil Water Expert,
Bureau Of Soils. United States De.
psrimeut Of Agriculture.

"HE experience OF the farm In
every country and age has
shown that the fruitfulness OF
soil depends on adequate water
supply; no water, no crops. no animals,
no human life-indeed. no soil.
Soil In OF three parts-one solid, an.
other fluid and the third gaseous. The
solid part consists Of mineral and or.
sanic matter In fragmentsry or granu.
lar condition. II forms the stable
l body Of the soil. The iuid part Is a
pollution consisting OF water carrying
mineral and organic matter. II forms
the circulatory medium Of soil and
plants. The gaseous part consists Of
air nitrogen and OXYGEN mixed with
aqueous vapor. carbon dioIide. hydro
gen dioxide. etc. IL permea ties the body
Of the soil. moving with the movement
Of the circulatory nuid. changes In tenn.
perature and barometrfc pressure. etc.
The three parts are conveniently
known a. soil body. soil nuid and soil
gas
Much OF the substance OF plants IL
taken directly and that Of animals In.
directly from the coil. and soil grows
largely through the return OF sub
stances from plants and animals In
more highly differentiated or richer
form. and the chief source Of vital on.
srgy In soil texpressed BY It's own func-
tioning and measured by Its fertility
IL derived from the growth and decay
Of plants and animals Thus potash
and nitrates are elaborated and con.
centrated by plants and phosphates by
animals and returned 10 the soil. which
u thereby enriched and rendered more
sffsctivs In sustaining both plants and
animals.
while the interdependence Of soil
and organisms extends TO all the ma.
tsrials and powers Of both. Il operates
Arizona republican., 1913-10-14
New Today

r. BUY THIS PLACE TODAY MOVE ON TT TOMORROW | 161a acres ~ and - 1615 acres Commence to make a good living
 THE NEXT DAY. This place consists of 161h acres improved CLOSE TO ORANGEWOOD close to Central Ave, close to car line, admirably located 8 ACRES BEARING ORANGES & GRAPE FRUIT
 acres alfalfa. 1 room hOuse-large hay shed chicken houses and corrals-fine shade-140 ft cased well-soft wa ter-Will include COW and chickens if sold at once Price $7SOO-good terms. We are exclusive agents for this property and advise inves- tigatiOn.
 =: $500 $500 $500 handles this handsome suburban property
 -4 miles from Phoenix
 -on main thoroughfare. It consists of 41a acres-alI in all falfa-few fruit trees-MODERN , ROOM BRICK HOUSE that cost $3700-good barn-chicken houses gas engine, 2OOO gallon tank-run- ming water in the house. Price $45O0. $500 cash. balance 3 years.
 
 If it's Phoenix city property
 WE HAVE IT.
 
 If it's in The Salt River Valley
 WE HAVE IT
 :: : ARIZONA SECURITIES AND IN VESTMENT COMPANY, INC.
 107 N. Center Street.
 Phoenix, Arizona.
Arizona republican., 1913-10-14
l..SszslSl!.!|y!'s;S. 3

WHERE SOFT SOIL SAVES TOLL
 THE BEST LAND IN THE WEST
 NOW BEING SOLD FOR
 CNLY $100 AN ACRE
 ON SUCH EASY TERMS A RANCH WILL SOON PAY FOR
 ITSELF
 AVONDALE ALFALFA, OLIVE.
 FRUIT AND COTTON LAND is that soft Ioamy soil that is easily cultivated takes water well and holds it and produces the kind of crops you read about All of it cleared and ditched and much of it already under cultivation No government assess ments, Johnson grass, slick land or sand hills Free water rights and ownership in the canals and irriga- ton c.sten go with the land. Three years to fam and make money before vour second payment is due AvOndale is the place to raise alfalfa, grains, milo maize. milIet, cotton, sugar beets and sugar cane, peaches, pears, plums, apricots, fruits, berries and vegetables Of all xmas, dairying, poultry etc, etc. See what others are doing there. All We ask is an opportunity to take you out and show you and let you see for yourself Call or write for full infor- nation and Illustrated booklets. Do it today as early buyers get choice of To- cations.
 ARIZONA IRRIGATED LAND co. 631-2 Central Bldg. 21 North First Ave Los Angeles, Cal Phoenix. Arizona. Look For That Green Spot on the Window. If
Arizona republican., 1913-10-14
For Sale-Real Estate
GOVERNMENT LANDS

GOVERNMENT LANDS We have some good locations to which title can be acquired with use of our Navajo base scrip at $500 per acre. These lands will, in a Short time, be worth several times what they would cost you today. Do not let this opportunity pass. Call today
 FEN $. HILDRETH SCRIP CO, SUITE 21O PHOENTX NATIONAL
 BANK BUILDING,
 PHOENIX. ARIZONA. 1O-dl
Arizona republican., 1913-10-14
Auctions
AUCTION SALE

AUCTION SALE TUESDAY, OCT A., miles west or the Yuma road and miles south, or F mile south of the Riverside school house Commencing at 1O:3O sharp. I will sell the following property and stock:
 35 head Al dairy cows.
 15 head of horses, consisting of head of heavy draft horses, 4 to 6 years old, HOO to 16OO lbs.
 1 pair of sorreI mares, to years old, weight 1900 lbs
 2-year-old draft stallion. Percheron stock, weight 1900
 1 yearling colt, bay driving horse, sOrrel mare and colt.
 1 bay mare, l gray B0ydelIa mare. walking blows, scrapers. hay der rick complete, hay rake, moving machines, 1 farm wagon, blacksmith outfit and forge, ? buggies, sets of harness.
 MANY OTHER ARTICLES too num- erOus to mention
 FREE LUNCH AT NOON. Terms cash.
 H. T. DEARSLEY, Owner c. o. McMURTRY, Auctioneer. If PUBLIC SALE-Friday, october 17th Oilt anu Cilc-IlcilL llIIeS HOIIHWeSI OI Glendale on Grand Ave. and half mile north Commencing at 1O:3O sharp. I will sell at auction on my ranch: e head cattle. A dairy cows. mostly Hol- stein; 10 2-year-Old heifers, 10 steer calves, 20 hogs, work horses Free lunch at noon. Terms given. Jack Brooks, owner; c. O. McMurtry, auc- tioneer. 15 N. 1st Ave. Phone 661. C. A Whitfield. clerk if ALWAYS CALL al the Bargain Auc- tiOn Store, A w. Jefferson St. for bargains in harness, furniture and all kinds of tools If AUCTION SALE-Thursday october 18th. Four and one-half miles east of Phoenix on the Mcdowell Road j. II. Rhoades will sell at public auction on the above date commencing at 1:3O sharp the following stock: 50 head cat tie consisting 43 to F months calves. steers and heifers; head yearling heifers; 1 work mare, 1 2-year-old lilly Terms cash. J. H. Rhoades, owner: c. O. McMurtry, auctioneer 15 N 1st Ave. Phone 661. C. A. Whitfield If
Arizona republican., 1913-10-14
For Rent-Furnished
 Houses

FOR RFNT-A Broom house, nicely furnished, close in on North 9th Ave: good neighborhood, $35.OO per month. Osborn Concrete Co., 5O1. w. Van Blu ren St. bm
Arizona republican., 1913-10-14

FOR SALE-SO acres gram IdnO, $9O.OO per acre; 10 acres, fruit and all falfa, 4-room house, close to city, $3500, good terms; city lots, close to Libra ry, cheap; houses in all parts of city, easy terms McCabe Union Realty Co., II East Adams St. If
 CHICKEN RANCH-One acre just outside the city limits, nicely located for chicken ranch or gardening. good soil can be made self supporting; price only $500, $25 cash, balance $10 per month See us exclusively for this. H. c. THOMAS R. E. & INV CO. 43 w. Adams St.
 FOR SALE-There is no residence section in Phoenix so beautiful as that q reclIy north. La Belle Place Is just half way to the Indian School, right on the car line. All city conyeniences An6 NC CITY TAXES, Capital Saw ings Investment Co.,. 200 West Wash ington St. If TEN AGREES miles N. E. on the McDoWell boulevard, close to school 1t a real bargain. Kinney & Thrift, 35 E. Adams. If CHICKEN RANCH-1O acres, part bearing orchard, part alfalfa, good l. room house. well, pump. chicken hous- es, some garden, tight fence; 3 31a miles out, $160O cash. balance to suit you. Price $3150. See Johnston, r W. Adams
 If THIRTY ACRES of the best alfalfa In the valley, fine soil new house. and all fenced, just west of North Center St, fine soft water, can make you good terms on this Price $2OO per acre | Fred Jacobs, Empress Theater Bid 40 E. Adams. If FOR SALE-Regular size lot with 1 new fIoOred tent, just outside city linn ] its, only $350, good terms. See Bel l lamy over Union Bank X Trust Co. 1t i BEST BUY in valley, 16O acres. l northwest of Phoenix best of soil, all 1 fenced all in cultivation, good terms, | $100.00 per acre.
 Several pieces of property to ex- change for Los Angeles property.
 Three ~and one-half acres close in on north Central ave, ideal home site, fine shade.
 Good lot in Germania Place, $15O below the market value; owner is non n-feSldent and must have money.  Some choice lots to exchange for cIose-in property.
 o. H. Loch X Co.
 Room f. Lewis Bldg
 Center and Adams tf ! FOR SALE-3A acres, one mile from Capitol. on easy terms. all in cultiva- ton, 50 asst fruit trees. 500 blackberry vines. Capitol City Realty Co., IS West St. Office over the Hub Store If
Arizona republican., 1913-10-14
For Sale-Groceries

~>>~-~"-0>"-0-"1"~~~o~- GENUINE Bulk Pearl oil, the re liable kind that is safe and non smoking for that cook stove and heater. Five gallons for 95 cents EVERGREEN GROCERY
 Phone 1863 Cor 4th & Roosevelt sts
 If
Arizona republican., 1913-10-14
For Sale-Houses

l
 FOR SALE-Watch Phoenix Grow i Six-rOom modern house, near the Cap itoI. hardwood floors. all built-in eff fects, $37OO.0O, $1OOOO cash, $3OOO a month; Nine-room modern brick, hard wood floors. $35OO.OO. $25O.OO cash, l s25.0O a month; 4-room modern house, 1 in Capitol Addition, s1350OO $2O0 ! cash, s2O.0O a month; 14-rOom house. ] furnished, fine corner. coming business property. $1O,00O0O. Terms on every thing. M. H. Shelton, 215 w Wash | ingtOn. If FTvE-ROOM MODERN BRICK - | With cellar, screened porch and sep arate screened sleeping house. Lawn, palm, umbrella and young fruie trees, | rose bushes, graveled walks, chicken pens; fronts south opposite beautiful rose gardens, s275O with terms. Dis count for two-thirds cash. See owner 2118 West Monroe St, Phone 8762 If FOR SALE-4-room brick, modern S2100. 5-rOOm frame, large lot, $2100 5-rOom brick, new, modern, $24OO. 2 and F acres, 7-room house, $5O00. Houses to rent Ranches to sell New State Realty Co.. 314 Fleming Blk. Phone 1864. If FOR SALE - Five-room modern house; shade; fruit; garden; chickens; cheap; half cash, balance like rent. 91S East Polk St. blk BARGAINS in residences. Ranch and business property, improved or unimproved. Houses to rent
 W. K. JAMES.
 27 N. Center St. If
 MORATH'S MONEY MAKERS.
 Here are a few real snaps in Phoe- nix residence property:
 room brick brand neW.S265 room brick modern ~ 275O room brick, just completed .... $500 room brick, practically new. .... $500 room brick, very desirable, w $500 room brick, plastered, ideal, =. 5000 These houses are all well located, and can be had on easy terms
 C. ". MORATH West Adams St
 (Agent Chandler Ranch Lands)
 If FOR SALE-New mdern buigaIow; very complete with 10 or 20 acres of improved land. Fine country home. | Very cheap. Phoenix Trust Company, | 16 West Adams St. If FOR SALE-Modern 7-room brick | ana 5 beautiful lots, 15O foot frontage | on Washington St, shade. lawn and | roses. Price $425OOO $500 cash and $3O l per month. Walker Realty Co, 317 w Washington If PROTECT YOUR HOME with PY- RENE, the greatest known fire ex- weighs only pounds. cas- fly operated by woman or child Sells for only $7.50. H. c. Thomas, General Agent for Arizona. 43 w. Adams St
 If
Arizona republican., 1913-10-14
For Sale Miscellaneous

For Sale Miscellaneous
 OCTOBER.
 Plant this month
 Wheat Peas Onion Sets Barley Beets Lettuce
 Rye Alfalfa Spinach
 Oats Carrots TurniDs
 Onion Seed Radishes Cabage Seed Grass Seed Cauliflower Seed Cabbage Plants Celery Plants
 CaulifIower Plants
 ARIZONA SEED COMPANY
 137 N. Central Avenue, Phoenix, Ariz
 gb
 FOR SALE-Dining room of one of the leading hotels in Phoenix. now run hing See me quick, $225.oO cash takes it. Frank E. Bellamy, over Union Bank & Trust co. Ii
 FOR SALE-Pool hall. tables. merchandise, rent $35. will guarantee weekly income not less than $10O. best money maker in Arizona, best reasons for selling. Inquire of Groom t. Stew art bm
 FOR SALE-A full set of blacksmith tools, nearly new. Phoenix Furniture Co-, 30l W Washington. bm
 RESTRICTEDi !--There is no resi- dence in La Belle Place costing less than s4,000. The improvements are the best and so are the houses The prices are low and the terms are .-eatsonabIe. The lots are going fast. Now is the time to buy. Capital Savings Invest ment Company. 200 West Washington St +r
 CHINA CABINETS in golden and fumed oak at prices that are worth while to you; lady's fumed oak com mercial desk, roll top, specially priced at $16-50; see this quick; fumed oak rocker, big and rOOmy, special at $65O; golden oak dining chair. special at s175. Our prices will interest you. PHOE- IONA FURNITURE CO, 345-7 F. St. if FOR SALE CHEAP-Second-h hand show cases and wall cases, good as new N. Friedman, Jeweler. Cor. Central and Washington Sts. blk FIRST CLASS GROCERY. doing good business; good reason for sell ng. Address P. o. Box 652, City. blk FOR SALE-At a bargain, 1000 shares of Arizona Fire Insurance stock. 1 Write ". A. Parr Winslow, Ariz, for particulars. If | HOT TOMALES-6 South Fourth 1 Ave, and Mexican cooking. Orders l aken. br WANTED TO BUY-Forty to so l lcres of alfalfa on or near Glendale l ar line; terms; no agents. Box 319O, are Republican. bp 1 FOR SALE, cheap, tent 12x14 and ght camp wagon. Call after , D. m i O30 West Polk. bJ FOR SALE-A. Brush runabout in l ood condition; $25O cash, for two avs only. F. E. Prowell, 230 South lfSt ave. If | FOR SALE+One fine Cadillac 5- assenger automobile. Inquire no N. enter St. If FOR SALE-Several second-han motorcycles at prices to suit Phoe- ix Cycle Co.,. 133 N. Central Ave tf SEASON-Fruits for canning and all kinds of produce. Lowest rices in town. Phoenix Fruit & Pro- uce Go. 119 W. Jefferson St. Phone
Arizona republican., 1913-10-14
CL. ASSIFIFD WANT ADVERTISING One Cen t a Word
Auctions

TAYLOR THE AUCTIONEER Has been selling stock at auction for twenty years; a good talker, a judge of stock, and knows his business. He wants good sales See him.
 47 W. Jefferson
 Phone 1349 If