The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1913-08-17
The Latest and Most Sue
cessful Treatment by Pro-
fessor Vincent, the Military
Doctor, Consists in In
jecting 100000 Dead
Microbes Killed by Ether
Without Heating or Anti
septics.

r. RBNCH medical publications announce
r. that French scientists have at last per-
d fected vaccine which Is certain pre-
ventive of typhoid fever when inoculated in
advance. Experiments with vaccnes for this
purpose have been going on In many countries
but the Frcnct claim that they pioneers
III the work aud have brought the vaccine
20 higher degree of perfection than other
scientists
The o: the vaccine has become general
IN the French army. at present It is only a
certain remedy when noculated In advance.
but 1t has value when administered
during an attack of the disease. Experiments
are now being conducted to make II effec
tive cure.
Typhoid 1t should be remembered stands
fifth among the of death in the United
States and Is increasing in severity. In
France 1t kills 5000 year out OF a population
Of less than 100000.
The first experiments with antityphoid
vaccine upon animals began In France about
twenty years ago. Conservative scientists
ala not dare to experiment on man at that
time, because human typhoid fever differs con-
siderably from that OF animals. and they could
not draw reliable conclusion from the Inn
munity conferre- the latter. Distinguished
biologists advised il would not be wise TO try
the remedy on man until they had succeeded In
giving true typhoid fever TO the chimpanzee.
that animal being practically the same man
from the physical point of view. Experiments.
therefore, went slowly, achieving progress
little BY little. but not attracting the attention
OF the general public.
There are no" two kinds OF antityphoid
vaccine in France. One is the civil" vaccine
Of Prof Chantemesse, who Is a physician at
the Hotel D!cu Hospital. and the other the
military vaccine OF Prof. Vincent who Is
professor In the great Military Hospital OF
Val-deGrace. in Paris. Each OF these two
scientists recognizes the efficacy OF his rivals
vaccine while maintaining that his own Is
superior The experiments OF Prof. Chante.
messe were first made public, but 1t seems
probable that the Vincent preparation will be-.
found superior for general purposes.
The general principle OF all vaccines Is to In
troduce into the healthy body the agent OF
disease under such conditions to bring
defensive reaction. which prevents the disease
from developing and thereafter confers on the
subject immunity lasting for varying
period against the disease.
To realize this double condition the scientists
nnd themselves confronted with two contra
dctory requirements. In order to obtain the
greatest immunity It seems desirable TO In
oculate virus as little weakened possible:
on the other hand the doctor must take care
that the incubation does not kill the patien.
give the body too violent shock.
In cases scientists follow the method
of preparing vaccines By heating perfected by
Pasteur and his assistant RouX. BY this
method they heat the disease microbe to
temperature which allows II to live but d.
mnshes It's activity. In making ant-typhoid
vaccine they employ sterilized cultures. that
is to say. dead microbes. BY this method they
Introduce into the body the peculiar SUBJ
stances, principally toxins. which contained
In the body OF the microbe
The use OF steriized cultures Is much safer
10 the patient. for II vaccine contains living
microbes they may multiply In the body and
eventually increase the injurious action OF the
bacilli already there. This Ia apt to happen
where a patient noculated is In the incuba-
tion stage of the disease. fact which the doc
tor cannot generally diagnose.
Now the microbes may be killed by heat
by the use OF chemical agent. 1t Is princi.
pally in the choice of this agent that the Chan.
tennessee vaccine and the Vincent vaccine diff
fer.
The first tests OF anti-typhoid vaccination on
animals were made at the same time in France
and In Germany In 1887. Prof. Frenkel, OF Der.
lin, Injected small quantities OF living microbes
not attenuated into his subjects, while Drs.
Chantemesse and Vidal. OF Paris, sterized a
culture bouillon OF the microbes to tempera-
ture of 248 deg. F. which killed the germs and
left the toxins more less intact.
The German method at this stage not
applicable 10 man. since 1t would have meant
nearly an even chance OF killing him. The
French method was capable Of becoming use
full to man, since the heated toxins would never
be likely to kill him, although In some forms
they might make him seriously ILL., The
periments In France soon proved that vacci.
nation with microbes sterilized by heat would
give immunity against q dose Of typhoid mi
crobes that would kill unvaccinated animals.