davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Idaho Republican., 1913-05-02

the aggregate, the concrete is usually
proportioned one bag Of cement to two
cubic feet of sand and four cubic feet
of screened gravel or crushed rock.
or one of cement to two of sand and
three of gravel or rock. During the
grading and draining Of the road the
aggregate" Is hauled and piled at
convenient points. The concrete Is
mixed mushy wet, is deposited to the
thickness of six inches upon the firm
old roadbed and is brought to grade
and shape by means Of a templet. In
order to shed the water to the side
drains the surface of the concrete is
given rise or crown In the center of
one one-hundredth to one seventy-ffth
the width of the roadway. The surface
Is finished with a wooden float and
wire broom. by which means there is
afforded perfect footing for horses. At
intervals of twenty-five feet the road
is divided into sections by narrow con-
traction joints extending crosswise the
road and entirely through the concrete.
The joints are formed by means Of a
thin metal or wooden cross form or
divider, to which Is tied single or
double thickness Of tar paper, with the
paper face against the last section Of
roadway. After the surface Of this Sec
ton is finished, and while the concrete
for the adjoining section Is being plac-
ed the cord holding the paper to the
cross form is cut. and the cross form
is removed. The tar paper adheres to
the concrete and stays In the joint.
which is reduced to the thickness of
the paper.
When the surface Of the concrete
has hardened enough to prevent pit
ting It is sprinkled with clean water
and is kept moist for several days.
Likewise. as soon as possible, the pave
ment is covered temporarily with two
inches Of sand or dirt from the side
road to give farther aid in curing the
concrete. Traffic is confined to the
earthen side roads until the concrete ia
about two weeks old. In the mean.
time shoulders of broken stone or grav-
ell are built along both edges Of the
pavement. These are made three feet
wide and sufficiently thick to be firm
and to make 1t an easy matter at all
times for wagon wheels to pass from
the side road on to the pavement.
The Idaho Republican., 1913-05-02
ROAD MAINTENANCE.
Keep the improved Roads In Their
Present Condition.

Keep the improved Roads In Their
Present Condition.
The present year promises. to be the
greatest in the history of the move
ment for the improvement Of the pub
lie roads of the United States, accord
ing to the reports received from all
parts of the country. A joint commit
tee of congress is engaged In an inves-
tgation of the feasibility of federal aid
in the construction, improvement and
maintenance Of public highways, and a
number Of the state legislatures now in
session are considering good road leg
islation. In connection with the gen
eral impetus that the good road move
ment has recently had in all parts of
the country, the director of the office
Of public roads says:
TOO much stress cannot be laid upon
the importance of maintenance In con-
nection with the work of improving
the roads. The people in nearly all the
states are filed with enthusiasm for
road improvement and are spending
enormous sums Of money IN the con-
struction Of superb roads. and yet al
most without exception they are max
ing little provision to care for the
roads after they are built. This is true
not only in the various counties. but
under many Of our state highway de-
partments.
ITO maintain the roads In good con-
dition year after year requires con.
siderable annual outlay, but this out
lay Is infinitely less than the loss
which must fall upon the people event
ually If they allow their roads to go to
utter ruin. The thing for all advocates
of good roads to do is to urge continu-
ous, systematic maintenance and the
setting aside every year of an amount
per mile estimated by the engineer in
charge to be sufficient for the proper
maintenance Of the road-a course
which must make for economy and ef-
Rciency''
The Idaho Republican., 1913-05-02
Result of Bad Roads,

There is another matter that makes
bad roads factor of loss. That Is in
the sale Of the farm, farm ten
miles ont on road impossible for FIVE
months in the year has fve-twelfths
Of its usefulness impaired and is Ger.
tainly worth 80 1-3 per cent intrinsi-
cally less than 1t should be were the
roads not SO bad. Bad roads are a de-
terrent to settlement. thus driving an
additional value away from farm land
due to increasing population. They
act as a repellent force to drive the
boys and girls and desirable citizens
from farm life.
The Idaho Republican., 1913-05-02
lmaortance Of Good Roads.

Delaware county. Pa. is furnishing
an illustration Of the part smooth
highways is going to play in general
freight traffic in the near future. Thou
sands of dollars worth Of goods that
until recent years were hauled by the
railroads are now delivered direct
from the stores or from the farms to
the cities Motor wagons are pene-
trating the farming districts and tax
ing freights from the farmers door to
the city market and bringing back pur-
chases by the same method. In short.
good roads will be the leading factor
In determining the mooted question Of
freight rates
The Idaho Republican., 1913-05-02
CONCRETE ROADS
MOST PRACTICAL
Can Be Built Economically and
Kept In Good Condition.
STUDY THE "AGGREGATE. "
Local Deposits Of Sand, Gravel and
Rock Form Important Part Of High
way-Be Careful In Purchasing Co.
nent-Ma aehine Mixing Best.

Way-Be Careful In Purchasing Ce.
ment-Maehine Mixing Best.
In a way 1t is fortunate that the
United States has been rather slow in
the matter Of roadmaking. The roads
can now be built Of lasting materials,
such as will Withstand the wear of mo-
tor traffic. which is fast running Eu-
ropes century old roadways. Lasting
road materials are everywhere present
in the form of sand and gravel from
pits and stream beds and crushed rock
from stone guarries. Combined with
cement into concrete. they form an in
expensive and permanent road surface,
which successfully resists the usually
destructive action Of automobiles.
The first consideration in the build
ing of concrete roads Is a careful study
of local deposits of sand. gravel and
rock-known as the "aggregate"-to
see whether they are suitable for con-
crete Sand must be clean and hard
and must grade uniformly in size OF
grain from one-fourth inch down. The
same applies to gravel and crushed
rock, except that the largest particles
commonly allowable are one and one
fourth inches in diameter. II local ma
terials are usable considerable saw
ing will be effected. as only cement will
need be freighted
1t is much faster and cheaper to mix
the concrete with a machine than by
hand. Depending on the grading of
The Idaho Republican., 1913-05-02
NEEDED IN BLACKFOOT

Blackfoot is in need of a merchants
protective association to protect the
merchatns and to protect the whole
public. Various attempts have been
made and on account of petty jealous
les they have generally failed, and
the community continues to be rob-
bed by the element of professional
beats that move from town to town
and subsist upon the toll of indus
trious people generally.
There are so many kinds of tramps
these days that when community at
tains about certain population they
are Obliged to fortify against them.
There are the common tramps, and
tramp printers, tramp preachers,
tramp dentists, tramp carpenters,
tramp workmen of all kinds, tramp
families and various other kinds of
tramps that pass under other names,
but there is an underlying principle
guiding certain ones in society, that
make it worth while to keep records
to bar the unworthy from taking ad-
vantage Of the generosity Of others.
The tramp family comes to town,
say from Idaho Falls, the father opens
accounts with some merchants and
does as he agrees to until he wins
their confidence and then puts up the
excuse of sickness in the family or
some other plausible reason why he
fails to pay at the time he is expected
he can he goes to that merchants's
competitor and proceeds to do" him
to. When he runs his bill as high as
in the same way. When he has done"
everybody in town he moves to Ameri
can Falls or Shoshone or Nampa or
some other place, and in the natural
movement of this class, families that
have been doing" the merchants in
those towns Swing" round the circle
and "do" Blackfoot in their turn.
Every towns that has no means OF
knowing the record of such people
is constantly being bled by them, and
somebody has to pay for 1t. 1t town
wants to be known as a good trading
point it is we'll to have 1t known that
the business men are members o.
some organization that gives them
protection from this class.
Down at Gooding recently widow
with eleven children married a 70
bust man, notwithstanding the oldes
son was eighteen years old and other
ranging below that but able to work
the family got on the payroll Of tn
county for ten dollars month as aid
The family made 1t known to the Me
thodist minister how hard up the!
were and he took a collection for th'
family one Sunday at his service
without investigating the merits
their claim upon the community TO-
aid. The next Sunday the ministe
of another denomination did tn
same thing. Later on, the Methods
minister gave them another lift with
out investigating The second re
quest came to the other man and he
investigated and found they were
working" half the town and living
In idleness and plenty.
The Idaho Republican., 1913-05-02
NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS.
GOOD ROAD MAxIMs.

Maintenanee, maintenance and
maintenance. Your road will 90
to pieces without il.
If the estimate is too low, then
don't bid on the job. Keep away
and save your money.
The improvement OF q road
enlarses the opportunity Of
those engaged in any kind OF
business contiguous to Il.
Better roads should be the slo.
gan in every community.
Get busy with your legislature
for better road laws.
Every state should have we'll
oraanized road association.
q q q
The Idaho Republican., 1913-05-02
PLAN OF CAMPAIGN
FOR FLY FIGHTERS.

Keep the house free from flies.
Every fly should be considered a
possible disease carrier and
should be destroyed.
Keep the windows Of the house,
especially the kitchen windows,
carefully screened during the
spring, summer and autumn.
Protect children from exposure
to flies and do not allow nursing
bottles to be exposed.
Protect milk and foodstuffs
from contact with flies.
Keep the garbage outside Of
the house carefully covered.
Abolish open drains near
dwelling places.
The Idaho Republican., 1913-05-02
MONEY TO LOAN

We have some of that good Sails
bury Company money TO loan. The
only real optiors given to the borrow.
or. No other company will treat you
as this company will.
When in need of money, call and
SEQ me. Q. +. MOLDEN.
The Idaho Republican., 1913-05-02

the many oeeayins substances
over which it passes.
However, the fly carries dis
ease on other parts Of its body.
Its wings and hairs that cover it
are frequently laden with germs.
Tho germs Of typhoid fever
are given off in great numbers
in the discharges Of patients.
Flies often feed on this material.
Their feet and bodies become
smeared with germs. The insect
carries them into the dining
room and deposits them on the
bread that some one is about to
eat or washes them off in the
milk into which II may fall.
The germs of tuberculosis are
given off in large numbers in the
sputum Of patients. Flies gain
access to this sputum and may
leave it loaded with the germs
of consumption.
Dysentery and infantiIe diar-
rhea are carried in the same
way. Disease bearing 10 by no
means limited to the intestinal
germ disease, however. 1t is
said that ophthaImia or blind
ness, smallpox and other Of the
better known communicable dis
eases have been traced to the
fly. Where actual laboratory
proof does not exist circum-
stantial evidence 10 very strong.
One Investigator estimated the
number Of germs on a single
fly, and his studies led him to
place the figures at 100000. II
The Idaho Republican., 1913-05-02
The Example of Bavaria.

In Bavaria they do not have to cry
swat the ayr' because they keep
their premises so clean that flies do
not have a chance to live and breed
We can sit at the feet of many Of the
old countries in spite of our boasted
eness.
The Idaho Republican., 1913-05-02
GOOD ROAD NOTES.

Good roads will make the We.
hicles last longer.
Good drainage is absolutely
necessary in building a good
road.
Every man who owns an au.
tonnobile, horse or bicycle is
interested in good roads.
The highway and roadside are
usually a fair index of the peo-
pie living in tho vicinity.
The Idaho Republican., 1913-05-02

Ring 1O3 for your next order of
that good Utah coal. Att
The Idaho Republican., 1913-05-02

Wallace Lindsay of Groveland left
Thursday for the Central States on
two years mission.
The Idaho Republican., 1913-05-02
THE DISCIPLE OF DEATH.

Ay's feet 10
cuplike In
shape. In
these cups the
fly can create
a desrs, OF
suction which
permits It to
walk on glass
and other
smooth sur
faces. These
Same oupIiks
d pressions
make II read.
lily p possible
for the fly to
pick up all
m amer OF
diseases from
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1913-02-18
HEAD STUFFED? GOT
A COLD? TRY PAPE'S!
ONE DOSE OF PAPE'S COLD
COMPOUND GIVES RELIEF
CURE IN FEW HOURS

You will distinctly feel your cold
breaking and all the grippe symptoms
leaving after taking the very first
dose.
1t is a positive fact that Pape's Cold
Compound, taken every two hours un-
til three consecutive doses are taken,
will end the grippe and break up the
most severe cold, either in the head.
chest, back, stomach or limbs.
1t promptly relieves the most mis-
cradle headache, dullness, head and
nose stuffed up, feverishness, sneez-
ing, sore throat, running of the nose,
mucous catarrhal discharges sore
ness, stiffness and rheumatic twinges,
Get % cent package of "Pape's
Cold Compound" from your druggist
and take it with the knowledge that
it will positively and promptly cure
your cold and end all the grippe mis-
cry; without any assistance or bad
after effects and that it contains no
quinine-don't accept something else
said to be just as good. Tastes nice
acts gently.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1913-02-18

/, tershed, and crossing the state line
into Washington, falls into Snake riv-
er.
In summer, flock-owners who op-
crate under leasehold rights from the
United States government drive their
large bands of sheep up there for
pasturage These sheep-owners, or
ganized as the Washington Wenaha
wool growers, met in annual conven-
ton at Walla Walla this week, and
unanimously adopted resolutions that
a few years ago would have stirred
a storm of protest among their num-
bers
For the sheepmen were not always
on amicable relations with the United
States forestry service. Before the re-
serves were set aside by the govern
ment, they had long enjoyed free and
unrestricted use of the government
domain, and when the new order
came in they resented federal inter-
ference with their long established
privileges.
Fear Politics If Reserves Pass to the
States.
BY tact, and firmness the officials
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1913-02-18
New Parcels Post
Will Require
Thousands More
Employees

The United States Civil Service will
require the appointment of approx
mately $4,000 employees during the
coming year.
The opportunities for positions in
the Civil Service were never better.
Civil Service positions are desirable
because the hours for work are not
90 long, salaries are good ana cer-
tain, and promotions are frequent.
The greater number of appoint
ments will be made in the Post Office
Service, paying from 5000 to $1,700
and more per year; the r. F. D. Ser
vice, paying $1,100 per year to stand
ard routes; and the Railway Mail
Service, Yaying from $500 10 $500
pAf year.
II you are an American over 10
years old and oan read and write you
can make sure of appointment to one
of these positions by study of an /.
:. s.. Civil Service Course.
Just mark and mail the coupon be-
ow and we will send you booklet CIV
ng names of l. G. s. students who are
low holding Civil Service positions at
good pay. We will also tell you how
you, too, can enter this most pleasant
and profitable employment.
Pleasant work-good salaries-po'
sitions for life.
MARK AND MAIL THIS COUPON.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1913-02-18

Of the forestry service have cleared
away the old prejudices and now tht
sheep owners who lease the ranges
for summer pasturage are protesting
against surrender of the forest re-
serves by the federal government t.
| the various states The Walla Walls
resolutions condemn certain proposed
legislative enactments or bureau o.
department action to divest the con
troll of the public domain, and espe
cially the forest reserves, their man
| agement and control from the fedora
| government and to vest the authority
control, policy and management
thereof In the state wherein the par.
ticular land is situated"
The resolutions point out that these
lands are the property of the fedora
government. and express the opinion
that the proposed transfer to indi-
vidual states would be unconstitution.
al. Fear is expressed that if the re-
serves should be turned over to the
states, they would pass under the con-
troll of inexperienced officials who
would receive appointment as reward
for political ACTIVITY, and tests of fit
ness or ability would have secondary
consideration.
On the opposing hand the woolgrow-
ers affirm that under federal control
qualification of the administrative
officer is now the sole test and politi-
cal manipulation is eliminated" The
present officials it is declared, are
familiar with their respective duties
and the field of their operation. Their
administration of the forest reserve
is eminently satisfactory, and nothing
could be gained by change from
government to state control"
Copies of these resolutions will be
sent to the senator's and representa-
tives from Washington.
Will Become Summer Playground for
Thousands.
With increasing density of popula-
ton on the agricultural lands sur
rounding the reservation, and the
growth into large cities of Walla Wal
la and Lewiston, the Wenaha reser-
walton will become the summer play
ground of thousands. It is beautiful
ly wooded in extensive park-like vis-
tas, with thick growth in the can
yons. Springs and mountain streams
impart vivicity to the wilderness, and
from its bold eminences the enrap-
tured eye may range over a vast do
main of rugged cliffs, forest and tum-
bling mountain waters. Nature here
has spread vast park of wondrous
beauty, and if wisely guarded for the
people, it will stand an everlasting de-
light for millions yet unborn.
Yakima Fruit Growers Want Closer
Cooperation.
In fruit growing districts where or
ganization is already well developed,
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1913-02-18

part of fruit growers of the Yakima
valley in the matter of creating a CEN
tral selling agency that shall repre-
sent both the association and the
union and if possible that shall be
representative also of the other lead
ing fruit growing sections of the
northwest.
Central Marketing Agency Is Also APP
proved.
AS the Yakima Republic points out,
this resolution approves the forming
of a central selling agency in the
northwest, "and this action is likely
to have a greater effect in overcom-
ing the difficulties anticipated in car
rying into effect the wishes of the
meeting held at Spokane in Deem
ber last, when the North Pacific Fruit
Distributors was formed, than any
thing else that could have happened"
THAT is fine" said a member of
the committee that is trying to or
ganize the growers of the Spokane
district. But we must not for a mo-
ment lose sight of the fact that a CEN
trail agency can do nothing to help
the Spokane district growers unless
they themselves have a strong local
organization. A central agency will
not touch fruit if it is not standard
lied in grade and pack, and without
organization here that will be simply
out of the question"
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1913-02-18

growers are moving earnestly to bring
about still closer cooperation. The
Yakima country for example, is am
ong the best organized districts in the
northwest. Two large associations
handle the fruit crop-the Fruit
Growers association, with 81 subsi-
diary local associations, and the Hor-
ticultural union-the former purely
cooperative, the latter only partly so.
Efforts last fall to bring about
closer cooperation between the two
organizations were unsuccessful. These
have now been renewed. At the re-
cent annual meeting of the Horticul-
tural union the following resolutions
were adopted:
Whereas we believe that the pres
ent unsatisfactory market conditions
for apples and other fruit sections are
largely due to faulty methods of ham
ding and distribution, and that the
remedy for these conditions is largely
in our own hands; therefore, be it
Resolved, That the Yakima County
Horticultural union declare itself in IA
vor of forming close alliance with
the fruit growers association of the
Yakima valley for the purpose of
eliminating ruinous competition and
of devising better marketing condi-
tions
That we declare ourselves in favor
of establishing a uniform grade and
pack by the growers of the Yakima
valley and Of the uniform labelling
representing such grades and pack.
That we as stockholders hereby in
struct the trustees of this union to
take all reasonable steps and make
all reasonable concessions necessary
to bring about united action on the
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1913-02-18
FOR DANDRUFF. FALLING HAIR OR
ITCHY SCAlP--25 CENT "DANDER|NE"
Save Your Iar Danderne
We ProyeI

If you care for heavy hair, that
glistens with beauty and is radiant
with life: has an incompatible soft
ness and is fluffy and lustrous you
must use Danderine, because nothing
else accomplishes so much for the
hair
Just one application of Knowlton's
Danderine will double the beauty of
your hair, besides it Immediately dis
solves every particle of dandruff; you
cannot have nice, heavy, healthy hair
If you have dandruff. This destructive
scurf robs the hair of its lustre, its
strength and its very life, and if not
overcome it produces a feverishness
and itching of the scalp; the hair
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1913-02-18
Wenaha Reserve is Beautiful
Playground for the Public
Don't Yield 1t Up to State Politics. Says Resolution Adopted
at WaLa Wala-Yakima Fruit Growers Declare for
Central Marketing Agency.

With the rich grain and fruit lands
of Walla Walla ana Columbia coun-
ties for its western border and those
Of Garfield and Columbia for north
ern boundary, the Wenaha national
forest reserve embraces a large area
of the beautiful Blue mountains, says
the Spokesman Review. With many a
rugged break" and deep wooded can
yon, 1t rises abruptly to majestic up
lands 1000 feet above the troubled
current of the Snake. The serpentine
Grand Ronde river flowing in a long
northeasterly coarse out of eastern
Oregon, drains large part Of its wa
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1913-02-18

Vitrlfied sewer pipe, inch, per
lineal foot .................. $......
Wtrifled sewer pipe, 10 inch, per
lineal foot .................. $......
Vltrified sewer pipe, IL inch, per
lineal foot ................. $......
Vitrified sewer pipe, IA inch, per
lineal foot ...,.............. 5000.
Manholes, each ............... 5000.
Bitulithlc headers, per lineal
IoOt ............ ........ S......
Brick headers, per lineal foot. =. $......
lnlet5, each S......
For entire Improvement complete
Total Bid ............... $......
Bids must be filed with the City Re
corder on or before the time above men.
toned and will be opened before the Com
mon Council of said City In session at 80
o'clock p. NJ, on said February 10, 1913,
at the Council Chamber-the Common
Council reserves the right to reject any
and all bids.
Attention is called to the ordinance Of
said City this day passed, authorizing said
improvements.
Dated February 9th, 1913
THOMAS FITZ GERALD,
City Recorder.