The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1913-08-17

These experiments were made on guinea pigs,
rabbits and horses. Although the organiza.
ton OF these animals differs from that Of man
In many respects experience has shown that
vaccine which takes effect upon them usually
acts In the same manner In man At this
stage. however many doctors insisted that 1t
vaccine on man. They pointed out that the
injuries or LESSONS produced by typhoid In man
and animal were very different DR.. Chante-
messe replied that the dissimilarty OF the In
juries was OF little importance, because typhoid
was essentially poisoning OF the blood, which
showed itself In the form in man and
animal. Nevertheless In face OF the lively
opposition shown against him the Professor re-
Trained for long time from experimenting
upon man.
Two German doctors, Pfeirer and Kolle
adopted the French method and boldly took
the initiative In trying 1t on human subject
In 1896 they Injected the vaccine sterilized by
heating into young laboratory attendant.
lie did not suffer any sickness which was an
important point proved, but on the other hand
no test was made to decide II he had been i'm
munized against typhoid
In the year Prof. Almroth Wright OF
England. prepared a vaccine with lower steril-
ization temperature. Soon after this the Boer
war broke out and he had a splendid oppor-
tunity 10 try the vaccine in the English army.
The results were quite satisfactory. Out of
1000 unvaccinated men there were 141 cases
OF typhoid and 81 deaths while out of the
same number OF vaccinated soldiers there
were 20 cases and deaths. At Bloemfon.
TEN nearly 100000 British soldiers were pros
Uateu Win typnold, almost Gripping the army.
After this the of the vaccine became uni.
versal among the soldiers. The preparation
at this time was not suitable for use in civil
life. 1t produced more or less serious attack
OF illness. While young and vigorous men like
soldiers able to recover from this In
short time ii would not have been wise to use
the preparation unfortunately on the civil
population. The illness was probably explain
ed by the low temperature at which the mi.
crobes were killed.
Prof. Wright at first killed his microbes at q
temperature OF LOT Fair, and then reduced it
to lao degrees. Prof. Chantemesse having
started by sierilzing his microbes at PAS deg
Fair. for ten minutes. reduced this to 212
degrees by 1892. To-day he heats them for
one hour at 1872 deg. Fair That he has found
tain to Kill the microbes
He then adds to the preparation a light
dose OF some antiseptic such as lysol or cresol
This prevents the development In the vaccine
OF any germ which may have slipped in during
the elaborate manipulation Some germs re-
sist temperature OF 1872 degrees while others
might find their way In after the sterilization.
The vaccine OF Dr. Chantemesse contains
120.000.000 dead microbes In a cubic cent?
metre OF water that Is about teaspoonful of
water. 1t is prepared in the form of slightly
opalescent liquid. Vaccination is performed
on the upper part Of the arm by means of an
old fashioned hypodermic syringe. The doctor
washes the place to be punctured with little
tincture OF iodine. No pain is felt either dur
Ing or after the operation. There is neither
itching nor outbreak OF pustules such as com.
monty occurs after vaccination for small pox
Sometimes there Is a slight fever which is
remedied by taking antpyrine tablet
Each patient receives under the Chante-