The Colorado statesman., 1913-04-26
At GREAT HEIGHTS MAKING DICTIONARY
Small Birds Are often Two
Miles High.
Observations Show That In Their MI.
jsrations They Travel From Africa
n to HelgoIand at Rate of 1870
Miles an Hour.

The great problem of how small
birds were able to manage long flights
from other countries exercised the
minds of naturalists for centuries. The
nrst man to collect accurate informa-
uon on the subject was the late Herr
Gatke. Living on the little Island of
delgoland, in the direct route of mi
grafton, and entirely devoted to his
subject, he was able to verify for him
self many facts which had until then
escaped notice.
For instance, he pointed out that
BIRDS on migration often flew very
high-probably as much as $4,000 feet
lover two miles) above the ground
nat they do fly at great height has
peen corroborated by astronomers,
who have seen birds flying across the
race of the moon at height of not
less than one mile.
Gatke's idea on speed were prob
ably exaggerated, but only by theory
or tremendous swift flight at high
altitude could he account for the fact
that certain birds were never, or rare
ly, seen in the countries between their
winter and summer quarters For in
stance, he pointed out that the blue
throat, which winters in Africa and
breeds in Scandinavia, is but rarely
met with in any of the countries on
the line line of route-Italy, Greece
and southern Germany.
When they arrived at Helgoland
they came in large flocks and were
tired and exhausted; also they always
arrived at the same hour-somewhat
late in the morning. He thought 1t
probable that they left Africa at dusk
the previous evening, and by flying at
the rate of 1SO miles an hour would
be able to reach Helgoland in the one
flight.
Between 1860 and 1887 the British
association granted some money to a
special committee for the study of mi
grafton, and by means of schedules
much information was collected about
the birds that are killed annually at
coast lights. Although many facts
were thus obtained the observations
IN this respect are almost entirely de-
pendent on weather conditions. In
fact, it may be said that the only mi.
grafton that can be actually seen is
that which has partly failed, for it is
only when delayed or held back by
storms or fog that birds obviously on
passage are encountered along the
coast or in other places where they are
not usually found.
In Denmark and Germany ornitho
logists have been experimenting by
ringing birds and having those that
are caught returned to the address Civ
en- on the aluminium band placed on
the birds leg.
In this way the habits or migration
speed and direction of flight and other
facts are discovered. Storks have Civ
en- the most striking results from ring
ing. Without exception all storks that
have been recovered in the first au
tumn after ringing had travelled in q
due southeasterly direction.
From Hungaria to Palestine nc
ringed birds have been procured. but
from Palestine four have been return
ed, from Alexandria one, Blue Nile one
Victoria Nyanza one and no fewer
than seven from the Transvaal, Natal
Basutoland, etc., while of the Hun
garian storks (marked by the Hun
garian office) no fewer than seventeen
have been recorded from the various
localities in South Africa. 1t is, there
fore, practically certain that north Ger
man and Hungarian storks travel
southeast to Palestine and thence due
j, south to South Africa.