davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Arizona republican., 1913-11-02
SOME BOOK NOTES. Juvenile Books.

The first volumes of the Juvenile Lii brary, a new departure of the Macmil- anl company in the realm of reprints, have just been issued. These are:
 Joseph A. AItsheler's The Horsemen of the Plains" Charles Majors Uncle Tom Andy Bill," Mabel Osgood Wright's Aunt Jimmy's Will" and E. V. Lucas 'The Slowcoach.' To do for the younger readers what the Modern Fiction Library and the Standard Lib rary are doing for those more mature
Arizona republican., 1913-11-02

is the purpose of the Juvenile Library. Boys and girls want good books; they know good books, too. The great diff ficuIty has been, hitherto, to find suit able reading for them at moderate prices The authors whose books they have coveted have. in too many in stances, been prohibitively expensive. The Juvenile Library is a big step in the right direction. The volumes will be just as attractive as they were in their regular editions, and they will undoubtedly be welcomed by many as happy solutions to the reading prob Iems of the youngsters.
Arizona republican., 1913-11-02
Turnip for Marshall

WASHINGTON, Nov. IA huge Indiana turnip is following Vice Pre- sident Marshall around the country via the parcel post The turnip weighs five pounds. and is travelling in the natural state except for an Identification tag. The turnip reached the vice presidents office in the cap itoI today and was sent by William H. Bush, of Columbus, Ind. The tag was redirected and the turnip sent hurrying to Arizona.
Arizona republican., 1913-11-02
ESTATE WILL GO TO
 STATE OF CALIFORNIA

SACRAMENTO, Nov 1-Fifteen thousand dollars, all that remains of the estate of Cherry B. St. Maurice, the murdered Sacramen- to "tenderloin queen, after her debts have been settled, will go to the state of California in the absence of claimant for the estate, according to an an nouncement today.
Arizona republican., 1913-11-02

which is fast balancing public opinion to the mark where it must recognize southern Arizona and the Capital City especially.
 This addition to the forces in "GoIdy's" office will give him "a force fully competent to handle the in creasing business here.
 MT Kohl will be accompanied here by his wife, and they will locate here permanently the company permitting.
Arizona republican., 1913-11-02
AGAINST SEX HYGIENE.
r,ssnc1Arrn pRrss nIsPArcHl

ASSOCIATED PRESS DTSPATCHl
 SPOKANE, Nov. 1.-Teachers com posing the Washington educational as sociation, went on record today as dis coura ging instructions in sex hygiene in public schools except in grammar grades and then only in classes where the pupils are segregated. They also would prohibit the sale and manufac ture of alcoholic liquors in Washing
Arizona republican., 1913-11-02

was the first time," he recently re- marked, that I had had a knapsack on my back since I was a miner" It was during these early mining days that MT. Beach first made his acquaintance with Alaskan mines which are so inn
 pOrtant a feature in ''The Iron Trail
Arizona republican., 1913-11-02
NEW YORK CAMPAIGN CLOSES.
ASSOCIATED PRESS DTsPATCH1

ASSOCIATED PRESS DISPATCH
 NEW YORK, Nov. 1.-The battle for the mayoralty of New York, with at tendant skirmishes for the lesser of fees, practically closed tonight ending a campaign in which economic issues were buried under the interchange of personalities and a flood of Vitupera- tion On Tuesday the ballots will be cast and final speeches will be made on Monday.
Arizona republican., 1913-11-02
NASHVILLE DEMOCRAT SOLD.

ASSOCIATED PRESS DIsPATCHJ
 NASHVILLE, Nov. 1.-The Nash vile Democrat, a morning daily, was sold to Senator Luke Lea's papers, the Tennessean and American and will cease publication with tomorrow's is sue.
Arizona republican., 1913-11-02
NAMES NOT NUMBERS.
ASSOCIATED PRESS DISPATCH

ASSOCIATED PRESS DIsPATCHl
 ATLANTA, Nov. 1.-PrisOners at the Atlanta federal penitentiary will here after be known by names, instead of by numbers and the uniforms will no longer bear the letters "U. s. F." The change was made today.
Arizona republican., 1913-11-02
THE PHOENIX FORUM

cment of Creative Genius in Women
 is the highbrow subject that will be discussed by the cOlored forum at the A. M. E. church this afternoon at BOO o'clock. The church is located at the corner Of Second street and Jefferson. Arrangements have been made to entertain all strangers of the coIord race who visit Phoenix during the biz fair week.
Arizona republican., 1913-11-02
Free Book
Mothers, Wives, Sisters

This book is for you I want you to get it as soon as possible and receive he benefit of what it tells you. It is called Confessions of a Former Alcohol Slave Not only does it ex- plain how my life was saved from the downward path and ruin, but it shows how you may rescue a son, husband, brother, sister or other loved ones from the curse of strong drink Write to me-E. J. Woods, 534 Sixth Ave, 594X, New York City, and get the book; it will come in plain wrap per, no advertising outside.
Arizona republican., 1913-11-02
vICE-PRESIDENT SPEEDING
 ON WAY ID PHOENIX
At the Same Time Big Turnip Is
 Coming Too
ASSOCIATED PRESS DIsPATCHl

KANSAS CITY. Nov. 1-Vice- President Thomas R. Marshall. en route to Arizona to rest and hunt passed through Kansas City today. He spent the time between trains in d cigar and d stroll up and down the platform The vice president is accompanied by Mrs. Marshall. They expect to go direct to a ranch near Phoenix
Arizona republican., 1913-11-02
MIAMI POSTMASI

MIAMI POSTMASTER-Joe '. Pro cuaska, postmaster of Miami, is in town to spend a few days. He ex- presses the hope that the threatened strike at Globe and Miami will be of small consequence, and declares thac should it become serious, the results would be felt over the entire state.
Arizona republican., 1913-11-02

Rex Beach, whose Alaskan novel, ''The Iron Trail'' was published a few weeks ago, has returned from a trip in the Adirondacks He did a little fish ing and a good deal of tramping Tt
Arizona republican., 1913-11-02

Of the 74,0OO workers employed in the German printing trade, 67,273 belong to the printers union.
Arizona republican., 1913-11-02
Drinkers Secretely Saved

My free book tells how drinkers are being secretly saved without their knowledge, if they are so far under the influence of Demon Alcohol that they do not want to get rid of the habit Also shows how the drinker who wants to quit can be freed of the craving within 9 few days and how the health, brain power, etc, will wonderfully improve. Keep this adv Address:
 EDWARD J. WOODS, 534 Sixth Ave. New York, N Y.
 Advertisement
Arizona republican., 1913-11-02

See our big line of Postcards -lO
Arizona republican., 1913-11-02

May be purchased here at reasonable prices. These feathers, the product of Salt River Valley Ostrich Ranches, are of su- perfine quality. Come in and see them, whether you purchase or not.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1913-06-18
The July Woman's Home
COMPANION

AS a part Of its fight for Better
Babies the Woman's Home Compan-
ion publishes in its July number an
able editorial showing how the United
States is spending 100000 year
Tor better farms and only $4,000 a
year for Better Babies" The $17,-
900, 900 item refers, of course, to the
expenditures of the Department of
Agriculture, and the 100000 item has
to do with the Children's Bureau in
Washington which, with Miss Julia
c. Lathrop in charge, is supposed
to investigate and report on all mat
tiers PERTAINING to the welfare of
children and child life In the United
States. On the subject Of Better
Babies" there is published in addition
to the editorial referred. to above,
an article entitled Better Babies
in the South which contains an in
teresting report of some remark
able work done in Louisiana by Mrs.
Frank De Garmo.
Other notable articles contributed to
the July Companion are: New Ways
to Take a Vacation" 'The Worlds
Greatest Lowers" Good Ideas for
the Summer Traveller" For Baby in
Warm Weather." 1.-The Spirit of the
Garden;" Travels by way Of Books;
and ''Improvinp Your Tennis
Fiction Of absorbing interest and
reality is contributed by Mary Hast
ings Bradley, Mary Heaton worse,
Juliet Wilbor Tompkins, Viola Bur-
hans and Maude Radford Warren.
Art features of special beatty and
value are included, and the regular
Cooking, Fashion, Household and
Young Peoples Departments are full
Of good things.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1913-06-18
APPALLING NUMBER KILLED AMI
slkJURED BY RAILWAYS.

n The Safety Appliance Division OF
the Interstate Commerce Com.
{ mission has recently prepared a state
ment which shows that during the
last twenty-four years, 18S,037 per
\ sons have been killed and 1,395,61S
persons injured in the operation of
railways in the United States. These
figures are nothing short of appal-
ling. They show a destruction Of hui
man life greater t$an a great war.
This is an average Of 1888 persons
killed and $3.50 injured each year,
Or an annual total of nearly $4,000
persons killed and injured. This
means that for every day during the
past twenty-four years 1S1 persons
have been killed or injured, nearly
eight an hour or one every seven
minutes. And the probabilities are
In favor of the number being much
greater than the figures reported by
these public officials, because it is
safe to say that there are many
deaths and Injuries in the opera
ton of railways that are never made
the subject OF official reports.
Deaths and injuries caused by
railway accidents can never be Who'll
" prevented, but standard accident
preventing devices should be used
by every railway and laws should
be enacted compelling the use of
such devices to a much greater ex-
tent than they are at the present
time,
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1913-06-18
INVISIBLE GOVERNMENT PRO.
M TESTS AGAINST THE PREsI- M
# DENTS METHODS.

-
President Wilson's crusade against
the senate lobby Is rousing the Ire
Of the old allies OF special privilege
who still hold seats in the upper
house Of congress. Senator Galllnger
revolts at the thought Of the Presi-
dent talking about "insidious lob
bies."
It is not strange that the senators
who believe in invisible govern
ment", who have been in the habit
IF helping to secretly frame tariff
schedules along the lines desired
by special interests, should pro.
test against the framing of tariff
schedules in the open where the pub
Lie can have an opportunity OF
knowing just what is being done.
The trouble with the Gallingers
and the Penroses is their inability
to sense the recent changes that hav'
taken place in governmental methods
The forces which have stood behind
the scenes and secretly shaped the
policies of this government might
as well voluntarily take off theil
masks and come out into the open
because President Wilson. is afte1
them and sooner or later will force
them out. s5
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1913-06-18
NO CHAIN STRONGER THAN ITS
WEAKEST LINK.

Ss While the democrats have control
Eof all branches Of the federal govern
ment, there is one weak link in their
chain, and the special interests
B have concentrated all OF their forces
and are making an attack upon that
link. A cartoonist in the New York
World pictures this chain and showl
y how the present lobby at Washington
is g real menace to the masses Of the
people. n
,ys The first link in this chain is
Wilson's plurality at the polls, q.
51S3. 90 mo lobby.
Second link. democratic major
sity OF the states, 80 lobby.
Third link, democratic majority il
& the electoral college, 339 mo lobby.
Fourth link. democratic majority
& in the House OF Representatives
s147no lobby. Il. Il
Fifth link, democratic majority IL
I the United States Senate only 6
and there is the lobby with all its
forces. 5sis5 Ifa;,9
President Wilson, however, is equa
& To- the occasion. He has focused
the nations spot light on this Wash
Stngton lobby, and all that it does
Will be made public. The senator
who. betrays the best interests OF
{ his country and his party viii be
placed upon a pillory where he can
witness his political future burn at
9 stake.
Months ago the President promised
Sto place upon the pillory of public
opinion those who were untrue to
4 the best interests Of their country
and the masses Of its people, and he
viii keep his word. The senatorial
link in this great chain may be
veal, but with the stalwart help
Aof the President, it is generally be-
lived that it will prove strong
enough to hold the ship Of state
true to its course, and true to the
best interests of the masses effect
led by its course.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1913-06-18
NOTICE 70 CONTRACTORS.

Manchester, Iowa, June 4, 1913.
The board Of supervisors OF Della
aware county, Iowa, Will receive
sealed bids at their office in the
Court House at, Manchester, Ia, on
Saturday. June l4th, 1913 for the
erection OF one bridge in Oneida
Township Of one forty foot span,
steel superstructure with concrete
floor and abutments; one In Honey
Creek township. OF one forty foot
span, to be steel superstructure and
concrete floor and two in Delaware
township Of one twenty foot span
each to be of steel and concrete.
Plans and specifications will be
on file at the Office Of the County
Auditor at Manchester, Ia.
A certified check Of 10 per cent.
o the total bids made payable to
the Auditor of Delaware County,
shall be filed with each bid.
The board Of supervisors reserves
the right to reject any and all bids.
Dated this 4th day Of June. 1913.
1wk C. H. BUNKER,
Auditor Of Delaware County. Ia.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1913-06-18

day to attend G hautauqua as they
are all the best. Come every day.
Miss Minnie Skinner is at home
after q couple OF weeks visiting in
Earlville.s ~
Mrs. Fred Skinner has gone to Lit
tie Port to help celebrate her fathers
birthday. Mr.. Kriege is in poor
health.
Mr.. and Mrs. Earl Taber Of Canada
are here for short stay. Mrs. Ia
Der is in Park View hospital. They
are the happy parents Of baby
boy, born Sunday night.
George Belknap of Stuttgart, Arkan-
sas, was calling on some OF his old
school mates one day last week.
mrs. VIM. Straub and daughter,
Mrs. John Mattusch, have been Wis
ting Mrs. Straub's daughter, Mrs
Cora Coffman, OF Edgewood, returll-
ed nome last Friday evening.
4 Bertosi and Giacoune are the two
great singers with Thavlu's band. II
names denote anything they ought
70 be able to sing. kememDer july
4 is the date OF these famous sing
ers. Isl 3 b 81 n
The City Charity circle meets on
Thursday Of this week, with Mrs.
M. S..$Van Auken; south Tama street.
Mr. Aeabels two children are Vas
ing IN Ceaar kapids with their aunt.
On the first day OF Chautauqua
The timer Sisters, vionn ana cello,
arlists, two Of the finest in the WesL
ana Mr.. HerDert S. Johnson, one q
Chlcago's leading pianist, will appear
in concerts. Don't miss this NUMBER.
Mr.. and Mrs. G.. Il. Adams are in
Cedar Rapids this week, guests OF
Mrs. Adams sisters, Mrs. Nolan ano
MRS. Knapp.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1913-06-18
NOTICE 70 CONTRACTORS.
Manchester, Iowa, June I, 1913.

r}sM0ASA0oCCAS AOWos y NV
The board Of supervisors Of Della
aware county, Iowa, will receive
sealed bids at their office in the
Court House at Manchester, Ia, on
Monday, June 10th. 1913, for the
erection OF one bridge in Hazel
Green township Of one eighteen foot
span, depth OF fill five feet, rein
forced concrete abutment, steel
beams and concrete floor and one in
South Fork township Of concrete and
steel, depth Of fill four feet and
length OF span eight and one-half
foot span. each to have sixteen feet
clear roadway.
Plans and specifications will be
on tile at the office OF the County
Auditor at Manchester, Ia.
"A certified check OF 10 per cent
Of the total bids made payable tc
the Auditor OF Delaware County, la.
shall be filed with each bid.
The board OF supervisors reserves
the right to reject any and all bids.
Dated this 4th day Of June, 1913.
1Wk. C. H. BUNKER,
Auditor OF Delaware County, Ia.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1913-06-18
HOW CONGRESSMAN PICKETT
HELPED THE BEET SUGAR
&. Y. LOBBY.

One Of the most important items
of evidence thus far elected by the he
Senatorial Committee, which is in /
Syestigating the methods resorted to
4 by the washington lobby, was the
admissions Of Truman G. Palmer,
Secretary and Treasurer Of the United
States Beet Sugar Industry Assoc
citation. ~ s5
According to the evidence Of Mr..
Palmer he was able to mail under
the franks Of Senators Lodge OF
4 Massachusetts, Dick Of Ohio, Curtis
81 Kansas and smoot OF Utah, and
S$of Representa- Malby OF New
York, Pickett Of Iowa and Martin OF
South Dakota more than q million t'l1
copies Of various documents in sup
port Of his contentious for a tariff III
s.on raw sugar. That by the use OF
these franks he was able to save
$2S, 100000 in postage. I. |t 81.
Congressman Pickett may have fel
Justified in helping the beet sugar
lobby In the manner testified to by
Mr.. Palmer. because there lis s q
beet sugar factory at Waverly il
his district. But why should every.
one in the third congressional dis
4 trict Of Iowa pay tribute to the beet
sugar factory at Wayerly Does any
man III the state Of Iowa own q dol
lars interest in this factory? Can an,
man IN the state Of Iowa buy q bar
rel OF sugar from this beet sugar fac
tory I.
The writer has never PERSONAL,
investigated the local conditions con
corning this Waverly beet sugar fact
tory. but he has learned the facts
concerning several other beet suga.
factories and assumes that the.
A are all in the same list; that the!
I AL belong to a trust; that the entirt
product Of each factory is shipped
4 To- some common trust distributing
point; that it Is not pssible for any
y one to buy q pound Of sugar at an.
OF these factories. Should not til,
interests Of the people Of Iowa pre-
Z dominate over the interests Of fac
tory owned and used as these bee
sugar factories are? 5,
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1913-06-18
MoNT.i.

Misses Loretta and Mary Barclay
and brother Francis Of Winthrop
We're Sunday guests at Thos. Burks.
Misses Marie eastman, Flossie
and Blanche McEnany, who have
college at Dubuque during the past
year, arrived home one day last
week.
Mrs. Will Crosier and sister, Miss
Jennie Kelley were called to Cascade
one day last week, on account of the
serious illness of their grandmother.
Miss Mabel Shelley a student OF
Notre Dame convent at Independence
is home for the summer vacation.
Miss Eliza Hogan Of Winthrop is
spending this week with her sister
Mrs. Steve Short
| Miss Azella Mahoney closed a sue
cessful term of school in the Reidy
district last Friday.
Misses Catheryn Loughren and Su
sic Coleman departed Monday for Ce
dar Falls where they will attend the
summer school at the State Teachers
college.
Miss Hanna Dolan Of Ryan is spent
ing the week in this vicinity.
Mrs. Mike Shelley was called tt
Winthrop one day last week on &C
count OF the serious illness o.
her father, Mr. Patrick Behan. 3
Miss Mary O,Brien Of Masovnille
[spent part of last week at the Ar
McEnany home.
Walter Maroney and John Dargon
who have been attending Dyersvillt
school are home tor, vacation.
Mr.. and Mrs. Ralph Keegan visit
led friends near Ryan Sunday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Ed Ney of Winthrop
visited friends here the first OF the
week.
The following students returned
home from the Presentation. academy
in Dubuque last Wednesday,: Misses
Elizabeth Loughern, Margaret Ryan
Bernice McEnany, Edna and Lucretis
Donnelley, Mary Wood, Agnes Garry
Anna Coleman, Marguerite Doyle He
en- McElligott and Frances Mangold.
Felix Donnelley of Ryan was visi
or with relatives here Sunday.
Miss Mae O'Toole was an over Sun
day guest of her friend Mayme Nc
CURE.
Miss Susie Cotton spent part OF
last week with relatives in Ryan.
Mr.. and Mrs. Peter Collins and
family Of Winthrop were Sunday Wis
itors at Martin Sheeley's.
j. Devlin, student at st. Joseph's
college in Dubuque, is spending this
week at James Maroney's.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1913-06-18
NORTH MANCHESTER.

Mr.. and Mrs. G. V. burlington and
son Charles, spent Sunday in Della
ware with C. CAROLS family. Mr..
Carroll is a brother of Ms. Burning
ton.
Don't think you can pick out a
day out Of the seven for the best
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1913-06-18
RAILROAD TIME CARDS
MANcHESTER Z ONEIDA RAILWAY
Time Table No. ~.
EffActlxa EahruarN 2 1914

-
Train No. 2. leaves Manchester at 5;4C
A. NJ. connects with c. G. w. train No.
5. west-bound. due at Oneida at 6O6 A.
NJ Returning arrives at Manchester al
$3.50 A. M
Train No. 4. leaves Manchester at 7:3c
A. NJ. connects with c. @. W. train No.
6. east bound. due at Oneida at 1901 A.
N. Returning arrives at Manchester at
1925 A. M.
Train No. 6. leaves Manchester at
$40 A. NJ, connects with c. NJ. & ST.
2. train No. %. north-bound. due at
Oneida juno. at 9:08 A. M. Returning
arrives at Manchester at $40 A. M.
Train No. 8. leaves Manchester at
2:so p NJ. connects with c. 6: W.
train No. 1, east-bound. due at Oneida
at 800 P. M, also connects with c. G:
w. train No. 8. west-bound. due at
Oneida at 3:4s r. M. Returning arrives
at Manchester at 1920 P. NJ.
Train No. 10. leaves Manchester at
500 p. M, connects with c. NJ. & st.
P. train No. 81. south bound. due at
Oneida Juno. at $3.50 P. NJ Returning
arrives at Manchester at 900 P. M
Phone Nos. 1862.
Traffic Manager
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1913-06-18
NOTICE OF APPOINTMENT OF AD
$ysE.S MlNIQrRArOR

State Of Iowa, Delaware County, ss.
Notice is Hereby Given, That the
undersigned has been duly appointed
and qualified as administrator Of the
estate OF Margaret A. Doolittle, late
Of Delaware County, deceased. All
persons indebted to said estate are
requested to make immediate pay
'ment and those having claims against
the. same will present them, duly
authenticated, to the undersigned
for allowance.
Dated June 7th, 1913.
HIRAM E. DOOLITTLE.
24-3Wks. .5
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1913-06-18
Reasonable stipulation.

"Shall we admit Wombat to our SUB
limated Order Of the Kibosh? He ak
ready belongs to seven secret socte
ties" I'm in favor Of admitting him
II there's enough Of him left to WorA
our ritual on."'-Kansas City Journal
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1913-06-18

London Largely Built on Marsh.
Abundant evidence as to the marshy
nature OF the ground upon which z
large part Of the city Of London was
originally built IL still to be discover
ed in such names as Fenchurch
street, F1nbury and Mooraelds.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1913-06-18
In Periodical Fashion,

The late John M. Palmer was one
of the wits Of public life. When he
retired from the senate he was not
discouraged, but said: Il come into
fashion about every ten years In 1lli'
nois."
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1913-06-18
Passing Worry Along.

The man who doesn't borrow trou'
BILE borrows money from his friends
and lets them do tt.-Washington
Post.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1913-06-18

What a great advantage it would
be if people could see stagnant air
as they can see stagnant water, with
its slime and disease obvious to
the naked eye. II they could, there
would be radical changes in many
sleeping rooms.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1913-06-18
poRmAN BROS.

north Of the Globe hotel. Manchester,
Iowa. Dental Surgery In all it, branch
es., Make frequent visits to neighbour
ing towns. Always 1t office on SAtur-
days
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1913-06-18
GEO. Z. Llerxa

GEO. Q. lleTER
JUSTICE OF THE PEACE, All collec
lions given ~ cmpt Attsntion. Real estate
loans and Insurance. Office City Hall
Block. Second floor. W
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1913-06-18

3 COW FOR SALE.
New mich COW for sale. May pc
seen at owners place in Manchester.
INQUIRE at Democrat office. 24-2.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1913-06-18

FOR RENT.
One hundred and sixty acre Farm
Inquire at Democrat office. MAD
chester, Iowa. ~.