davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1913-01-31
Ian. 81 in American
History.

1G99-IberviIle French, explorer and
pioneer settler Of the southwest,
entered Mobile bay.
1752-Gouverneur Morris. statesman In
the Revolution, born: died 1916.
1S63-The Confederate gunboats Pal
mettO State and ChicOra were sue
cessfuI in night raid on the Fed
eral blockading feet of Charleston.
SC
1s9J-Judge Ebenezer lockwood Eoar.
noted jEriSt. died; bOru 1916
All the news ali the time-The Argus
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1913-01-31
Almost an Insult.

IT'S got so that a strictly honest
man stands hardly any show in this
country"
"Oh, you're always basing your con-
illusions on hearsay evidence"
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1913-01-31

In spite Of a multitude OF entreaties,
Presidentelect Wilson still refuses TO
play ball"
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1913-01-31

The democrats Of Illinois are con
tenting themselves in the thought that
all's well that ends well
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1913-01-31

II would be Just like Washington
TO demand a census during Inaugural
ton week.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1913-01-31
A uniaua Ear.

THAT sentence Is not Incorrect" said
the professor. but It sounds odd TO the
English speaking ear."-Harvard LIN
poca,
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1913-01-31

Colonel Munsey, apparently, is not
among the peace-makers that are
blessed.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1913-01-31

TERMs-Ten cents per week. by car
rieT In Rock Island.
Complaints Of delivery service should
he made 10 the circulation department
which should also BE notified IN every
Instance where Il IS desired to have
paper discontinued, as carriers have no
authority in the premises.
All communications Of argumentstive
character. political or religious. must
have real name attacked for pubIica-
tion. No such articles will be printed
Ever fictitious signatures
Telephones in all departments: Cen.
trail Union, West 145. 1145 and 214s
Union Electric. 5l45.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1913-01-31

Ny duty Is TO dare all things fer :
righteous ead.-Ryroa.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1913-01-31

the needed amount from the ragged
and manned followers of Lee"
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1913-01-31
Mary.

Mary.
Mary had a little lamb,
But that was long ago;
She's married now and has, hear,
A little kid or so.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1913-01-31
THE ARGUS.

Published daily at 1924 Second ave-
nue.. Rock Island. III. Entered at the
pcstofhce as second-class natter)
Rock Island Member OF the Associated
Press.
BY THE J. w. POTTER co.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1913-01-31

All the news all the time-The Argus.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1913-08-27
PAGE SEVEN.
oR. 1. G RAMALEY

pfy elan and sHseon.
Treats si diseases 81 man
knd Vislrs-day or night
-city and country 32 years
experience. Chronic and
Private diseases a special
~ Guthrie office. 0kls-
n0ma avenue. (Opposiis
n0@i0ff.oel Phone $50
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1913-08-27

-. .I -. .La-
The Logan Republican. [volume] (Logan, Utah) 1902-1924, 1913-03-25
IS PRACTICALLY
THE FIRST SHIP
Remarkable History Of the
Great Enterprise-CoIo-
mel GoethaIS.

contrivancs at Pedro Miguel will give
upon the lower level OF Sosa lake. The
Pacific ocean Is reached by q final
flight Of locks at Sosa hill.
The channel Is forty-fve feet deep
and at least 500 feet wide at the bot
tom. The dimensions Of the harbor
channel are maintained through tidal
waterway running three miles inland
to Gatun. For a distance Of nearly
sixteen miles from the entrance locks
the channel has a width In general ex-
ceeding half mile and affording lake
navigation so that vessels may anchor.
pass and change direction freely.
Beyond San Pablo, the twenty -four
mile point, the channel decreases to
800 feet for about four miles and then
to 500 for the remainder Of the way to
Obispo. Through the heaviest portions
Of the Culebra cut the canal is 200
feet wide, which is the minimum bot
tom width along the canal.
Immediately beyond the locks at Pc
dro Miguel the channel again broad.
ems to 500 feet, rapidly enlarging to
1000 feet, and for two miles runs
through deep expanse Of water more
than a mile in breadth to the Mira
flores locks On Sosa hill. Thence for a
distance of four miles to the seven
fathom curve beyond Isle Perico the
The Logan Republican. [volume] (Logan, Utah) 1902-1924, 1913-03-25

at Cristobal A sail of about seven
miles at sea level between low banks
covered with tropical flowers and foil
age will bring the ship to the approach
wharf of the Gatun locks. while during
the trip the passenger will enjoy an ex-
cellent view of the surplus waters OF
the Culebra river and several lesser
streams as they tumble madly over the
spillway wall, near the center of Gatun
dam. a miniature Niagara.
Colored Range Lights.
It will be as the ships emerge into
Gatun lake that the real beauty of the
canal will impress the observer. Not
only will he note the artistic construc-
ton of the great concrete structure
which contains the three locks, but he
will perceive the pretty little light
houses along the shore-at least land
lubber would so describe them. al
though to navigators they are known
as range lights. II It be night the pas
sengcr will find himself closer to the
low hanging tropical sky with its blaz-
ing stars than he ever believed pos
sible A wealth Of electric lights will
make the locks as bright as day, the
power being generated by the water
which rushes over Gatun spillway.
Along the lake the colored range
lights will lend enchantment to the
scene. II 1t be daylight the tourist will
be filed with wonder and admiration
for the wonderful vegetation. the gor-
geous colors Of the fora. the ever pres
ent banana trees with their huge clus-
tiers Of fruit, the passion flowers glow.
ing in riotous profusion and here and
there the hamingo sailing above him
against the vivid sky. The duration Of
the trip through Gatun lake will de-
pend. Of course, on the speed Of the
vessel itself, but 1t il estimated that
ten or twelve hours will prove sum-
Client to convey the average vessel from
the Atlantic to the Pacific.
At Pedro Miguel n single lock, prac-
tically duplicate of any Of those at
Gatun, will lower the vessel to the
The Logan Republican. [volume] (Logan, Utah) 1902-1924, 1913-03-25

ured along the canal axis, was 100000
cubic yards. More than 100000 cubic
yards OF concrete masonry, quantity
unparalleled In modern building opera
tons, was required.
Centuries ago Spaniards thought of
the. marvellous problem of cutting
through the thick neck which Joined
North and South America.
1t was Balboa in 1913 who discovered
the neck that has played such an i'm
portant part In the worlds navigation
problem. The honor might have gone
to Columbus IL 1t had not been for the
injustice which finally blighted his life
But exactly ten years after Balboa's
discovery Galvao, Spanish sub
ject, suggested to his king, Charles ".
the feasibility Of a waterway through
the isthmus. Cortes was charged by
the king with the location of the route,
and surveys were made
But the action OF the United States,
which finally eliminated In the actual
prosecution of the work as a govern
mental enterprise, finds the beginning
hot iohs uitcE thc ucChuiutlOh VI tho
Monroe doctrine and at the beginning
OF President Jackson's term Of Office.
The government then in control Of
Central America proposed that this
government cooperate with us In the
building Of an interoceanic canal. But
1t was abandoned then because capital
was not Forthcoming. 1t was renewed
again in 1881 and abandoned again for
the same reason.
The De Lesseps Failure.
It was some years after the United
States had decided that the building
Of the waterway by private foreign
interests would not be violation of
the Monroe doctrine II neutrality was
guaranteed that NJ. Ferdinand de Les.
seps, the successful progenitor Of the
Suez canal. called congress of French
engineers. which was convened at
Paris on Nay IS, 1870. Out Of the
eight routes the committee suggested
tidewater route. The capital requir-
The Logan Republican. [volume] (Logan, Utah) 1902-1924, 1913-03-25
PANAMA CANAL
READY FOR
Obstacles Of Centuries Over.
come-The Wonderful
Lock System.
At last the Panama canal is prac-

At last the Panama canal is prac-
~ tically finished! Obstacles
~ which for centuries have baf-
fed the rulers and civil en-
gineers Of the world have been over
come through the energy Of Colonel
George Washington Goethals, U. 8. A..
and the persistency of Colonel w. G.
Gorgas, U. s. A., who solved the prob
lem Of sanitation In the canal zone.
The canal has been pushed to COM
pletion almost a year before the most
sanguine observers believed 1t pos
sible, and many years before the gen.
eral public thought It would be done.
Then. too, 1t has been finished at a
cost Of few millions less than the
estimate Of $375,OOO.OOO. The amount
spent is trihe less than 500. OOO. 900
in excess Of that which had already
been expended by France in her un.
successful attempts to build the canal
under De Lesseps.
Monument to the American People.
II there has been any doubt lurking
In the minds Of skeptics as to who Is
the real power in this half Of the
world the building Of the Panama
canal by the United States will prob
ably settle that for all time. It means
Q revolution in the freight rates of the
The Logan Republican. [volume] (Logan, Utah) 1902-1924, 1913-03-25

gest cold storage plants in the world.
It supplies the entire zone with meats.
game, fresh vegetables and all sorts Of
other perishable food materials. With
some engagements perhaps 1t will fur
nish whatever is required in this line
by ships that pass through the canal.
In connection with this plant is the
ice factory, which has a capacity of
100 tons a day. the ice being sold at 40
cents per 100 pounds. During the last
year the establishment at Cristobal
manufactured l10,20S gallons OF ice
cream. which was furnished to fami-
lies by the pint or quart and to hotels
and stores by the tub.
viii Be q Thing Of Beauty.
Just at present the hand Of the utili-
tartan marks the Panama canal and
its surroundings. but in the course Of a
few yea . after the formal opening all
this will pass and the canal and its
surroundings will become "a thing Of
beauty and Joy forever"
After the canal has been open for q
bAS0 ~ Whi PooSut uiuuy ouEpEibeo
but none more striking than its beauty
Nature 10 very kind in the canal some
and It will require but a short time
after the excavation has ceased for the
luxuriant tropical vegetation to cover
every trace Of blast and steam shove
and to ciothe the sides Of the cana
with a vsrdure as notable for It's nora
beauty as for its ability to conceal the
scored and riven walls of mother earth
The passenger entering from the At
lantic will pass FIRST the new American
town Of Cristobal, opposite Colon
where he will see the handsome Wash
ington hotel and perceive rows Of coy
well painted residences of the employ
ees, which despite their similarity 4
the old fashioned meat safe will strik
him as singularly neat and attractive
especially for the tropics.
Extensive concrete wharfs. by thei
very solldity inspiring confidence 4
the great locks which are 10 lift "a
ship elghty-fve feet above sea leve
and send II over an inland lake almos
! TO the Pacific, will line the water from
The Logan Republican. [volume] (Logan, Utah) 1902-1924, 1913-03-25

past the United States government has
maintained on the isthmus at Ancon
one OF the finest and most luxurious
hotels in the world. There will be
others-caravansarie of the up to date
summer hotel type. chiefly for transient
guests, with French cooking, tennis
courts, swimming pools and all the
latest improvements. They will be
practically inclosed in wire screens to
keep out mosquitoes, though such pes
tiferous insects are by no means SO
plentiful in the canal zone as they were.
1t is figured that steamer passengers,
disembarking for amusement and sight
seeing, will easily be able to rejoin
their ships after spending couple Of
days in frolic and to continue their
trips without interruption. Meanwhile
the ship, incident to It's passage
through the ditch. viii be able to take
on coal, food supplies, ice, etc. For this
purpose machinery Of the latest and
most improved pattern will be installed
by the government, an important fea-
ture of 1t being the mechanical steve
dore," which by the help Of an endless
belt and an electric engine carries mer-
chandise aboard quickly in packages.
Plant Already In Existence.
II was suggested by President Taft
that all Of this supply business can be
managed and controlled much better
by the government than by outside
parties. To accomplish the end In view
It viii be necessary merely to expand
to some extent the plant already estab
lished at Cristobal. This plant com
prises immense storehouses and @
manufacturing outfit of remarkable
completeness. the latter including the
laundry already mentioned, huge bak
cry, an Ice factory, cold storage equip
ment and arrangements for roasting
coffee, making Ice cream, corning beef
and converting tub butter into attrac
| tive prints.
Mr., Taft argued that II private con
Germs We're allowed TO enter the field 1
might happen that one or more big cor
poratlOns would boost prices, thus In
creasing the cost OF using the canal
The Logan Republican. [volume] (Logan, Utah) 1902-1924, 1913-03-25
SYSTEM OF
PANAMA CANAL
What the Passenger viii
See on His Isthmian
Trip.

Or certain traffic lines might be IN.
vored at the expense OF others. But,
as matter Of fact, the available space
at the terminals of the canal is too
limited to AFFORD room for all who
might want to occupy II for commercial
purposes, and the granting OF conces-
sions would be equivalent to the es-
tablishment Of exclusive privileges,
tantamount to monopolies Of local
trade. With the government in charge
there can be no monopoly and no dis
elimination OF any kind. while prices
will be kept at a reasonable figure.
Biggest Laundry on Earth.
Even at the present time the 18TH
milan laundry is by far the largest and
most completely equipped In the world.
1t Is run altogether by electricity. even
the irons being heated by the current.
OF the scale on which II Is conducted
one may Judge from the fact that dur
Ing the year II handled 5.5S1 ,923 pieces.
In the bakery Is turned out more
than 100000 loaves a year. at 4 cents
loaf This, It will be noticed, Is a
cent cheaper than the price Of the same
article In the states. But, In truth,
nearly all food supplies are cheaper In
the zone than with us.
At Cristobal is located one OF the lar
The Logan Republican. [volume] (Logan, Utah) 1902-1924, 1913-03-25

Miraflores lake, u distance Of thirty
feet, its surface being hfty-Hve feet
above sea level. A sail Of mile and a
half through this lower lake will bring
the ship to the Mirafores locks. the
shores Of the lake growing less precipi-
tous as the Pacific end is approached
At Mirahores two more locks will
gently lower the vessel to the sea level.
and for eight and half miles the ship
will steam between low banks, marked
by equally luxuriant foliage and fora,
and then find itself on the broad and
placid waters Of the Pacific.
"Spiggoty" Spoken In Panama.
Before going out to sea. however. the
ship will probably stop at Balboa. the
prospective little town which will mark
the Pacific end Of the canal. There
will be located the drydock. now in
process Of construction. and great
wharfs for the transfer OF cargo. A
few minutes run by rail will take the
passenger who has the time and incli-
nation to the quaint city Of Panama,
where he can put in several days sight
seeing In its narrow streets and hear
spoken all languages of tho world. al
though "spigso;y," American slang for
Spanish, is the prevailing tongue.
Just back Of and adjoining Panama
is Ancon hill. headquarters Of the 18TH
mian canal commission. and there is
the handsome Tvoli hotel. from the
broad verandas Of which a splendid
view Of the Pacific is afforded and
from which the sun may be seen rising
over the Pacific ocean, a puzzling phe-
nomenon for him who has not mas
tered his geography before going to the
isthmus.
1t is safe prediction that the beau
ties of the Panam ma canal will appea!
strongly to those OF aesthetic taste and
that once is opened to the public
many travellers will be drawn there not
alone by the interest attaching to SO
great an engineering enterprise, but by
the opportunity to go inland in the
tropics and to enjoy the rare beauty OF
this unique waterway without ever
leaving the deck OF the ship.
The Logan Republican. [volume] (Logan, Utah) 1902-1924, 1913-03-25

world and the opening up Of scores Of
new harbors In South America; har-
bors which heretofore were practically
inaccessible for commercial purposes.
In the Panama canal the people have
a gigantic plant that IL likely to stand
for all time as a monument to Ameri-
can progress.
Now, the Panama canal as construct
ed consists in the formation of two
artificial lakes covering the isthmus
from sea to sea. How this was &C.
complished may better DO understood
by consideration of the confguration
OF the neck Of land between Colon and
Panama. The island Of Manzanillo,
upon which Colon stands, lies largely
below water level. From the shore the
ground rises In the course Of seven
miles to ninety foot elevation at
Gatun. Il then dips sharply, and from
Gatun to Oblspo, a distance Of twenty
three miles. It maintains general
elevation Of forty feet above the mean
level Of the Atlantic. Obispo IL the
northern entrance to the divide, and
Pedro Miguel Is the southern exit. Tho
distance between these points ID eight
miles. From Pedro Miguel to Sosa hall.
on the shore of Panama bay, IL q
stretch Of six miles Of land. hardly
anywhere exceeding ten feet above
the mean level Of the Pacific ocean.
Eighty-Ave Feet Elevation.
The huge dam at Gatun arrests and
impounds the waters Of the Chagres
and Its continents SO as to form lake
40 square miles In extent, stretching
TO Obispo, the normal water level at
eighty-fve feet elevation. The same
level is maintained In the Culebra cut
from Obispo to Pedro Miguel This
stretch of about thirty-two miles con-
stltutes the summit level of the canal
On the Pacific side Of the divide sys-
tenn of dams designed to entrap the
Rio Grande converts the six miles OF
OF the line from Pedro Miguel to Sosa
hill into a second lake, with a water
level OF ffty-hye feet. At Gatun the
summit is reached by means of triple
flight of duplicate locks, and a similar
The Logan Republican. [volume] (Logan, Utah) 1902-1924, 1913-03-25

ed was estimated at $4,000. 900, the
cost at $12O,OOO,O0O. the annual reve-
nue. at $1S.OOOOO0 and the cost Of
maintenance at $1,2OO,OOO. The Co
lombian government had In 1873 made
grant for the exclusive privilege Of
building the canal to the French COM
pany. In october, 1881, the contractor
began work. Prior to this the United
States interfered automatically. Co
lombia proposed a joint guarantee by
European powers Of the neutrality of
the canal. James G. Blaine, the sec
rotary Of state. protested that such &C.
ton would be regarded as violation
Of the Monroe doctrine. But with the
death Of President Garfield that sub
ject was dropped.
De I,esseps died In prison In 1904
while serving a sentence for fraudu-
lent use of the canal money, and then
the canal subject dragged slowly until
the United States took 1t up again.
When the Colombia government turned
down the proposal Of the United States
to pay $40 ,0OO. 900 for the canal conces-
sion the state Of Panama. in which the
canal property was located. seeded
and became republic. Tho United
States had already paid the new Pan
anna Canal company-the French con-
Germ that took over what was left Of
the De Lesseps wreck-s40. 600. 900 for
the rights.
John Findley Wallace was placed in
charge of the canal organization for
the United States. In 1905 President
Roosevelt appointed Theodore Perry
Shonts president Of the new canal COM
mission. He was succeeded by John r.
Stevens, who is credited with doing ex-
cellent preliminary work on the canal.
II was in 1907 that Colonel Goethals
took charge and began to make the
dirt fly. Out of the 212,445, 766 cubic
yards taken out for the canal the
French removed 29,90s, 900 cubic yards
the Americans from 1904 to 1901
6,0S9, 100 cubic yards, and In the re.
naming time Colonel Cocktails steam
shovels excavated SECESSION cubic
! yards.
The Logan Republican. [volume] (Logan, Utah) 1902-1924, 1913-03-25
WONDERFUL LOCK
UNCLE SANS
Gatun, Pedro Miguel and Mi
raflores Raise and
Lower Ships.
'NCLE SAM has just about con-

Uncle SAM has Just about con-
cluded that, having been so
" successful as laundryman
down on the isthmus Of Pan
anna. he will begin taking In washing
for all nations. Not only that, but It Is
very likely that he will have to go into
the grocery and general food supply
business, too, on account of the open
ing Of the new canal
Furnishing ships of all nations, II
seems, Is going to prove one of Uncle
Sans biggest problems In connection
with the operation Of the new water
way. Uncle Sam realizes that on ar
rival ut Panama (going east or at Co
Ion (going vest there will be a scram-
BILE to get ashore. Passengers and ev-
erybOdy else who can escape duty will
want to stretch their legs on dry land
and to take a look around. Incidental
ly they will wish to buy lot Of things
and to send their linen to the laundry
ut Cristobal to be delivered on board
before their departure.
Uncle Sam as Landlord.
Then again there will be lot Of peo-
pie who will want to stay over. They
will need hotel accommodations, which
according to present plans) will be fur
nished by Uncle Sam. For some years
The Logan Republican. [volume] (Logan, Utah) 1902-1924, 1913-03-25
channel has a 300 foot bottom at the
standard depth Of forty-five feet.
The Gatun Dam.

The Gatun Dam.
The controlling feature Of the canal
Is the great earth dam across the
Chagres at Gatun. 1t is by far the
largest and strongest structure Of Its
kind In the world. dwarfing even the
dams which have been built by the
government In connection with the ir-
rigation work In the southwest. Its
top is fifty feet above the water level
in the lake and 100 feet wide. At the
water line the distance through the
dam will be 374 feet and at sea level
the corresponding distance will be
more than half a mile. It IL 7,7O0 feet
long and contains 2l.200O00 cubic
yards of material. It exerts a weight
upon its foundation equal to about one
ton per square foot for every twenty
feet of height. Under the highest p0r-
ton Of the embankment the pressure
Is six and one-half tons per square foot.
The regulating works consist Of a
solid mass Of masonry almost seventy
feet in elevation. On the top Of tho
crest grooved piers eight feet In thick
ness are fitted with sluice gates capa-
BILE Of discharging 10000 cubic feet
Of water per second when the lake Il
no more than one foot above the nor
NAL level. These regulating works can
be depended upon to prevent the lake
rising more than two feet on occasions
Of excessive food.
The function Of Lake Gatun In at
fording an easily navigable channel Is
Of no more vital Importance than Its
service as reservoir and source OF
supply in the dry seasons.
This volume of water is subject IL
evaporation and infiltration. and 1t IA
called upon to furnish power for work
ing the lock gates, lighting and various
other purposes.
The locks at Gatun are in three
flights, with lifts of $3.50 feet each
Fourteen gates are required for these
duplicate flights. The lamount Of ex
cavation for the Gatun locks. embrac
ing distance of 3.l36 linear feet meas
The Logan Republican. [volume] (Logan, Utah) 1902-1924, 1913-03-25
ND BIRDSEYE MAPS OF THE PANAMA CANAL

an
other uuu" aph Of