The Commonwealth. [volume] (Everett, Wash.) 1911-1914, 1913-01-10
PRELIMINARY STUDY ON
SCIENCE AND SOCIAL
ISM" BRIEFLY
STATED.
C. w. Garrett.
CONTINUED From Last Week)

Continued From Last Week)
Question.-What effect do these
ideas of the ruling class have on the
interests of the subject class?
Answer.-The effect is detrimental
to the interests of the subject class,
as the different class interests con-
! flict; therefore the ruling class finds
the institutions mentioned every use
full in either persuading or forcing the
so-called lower classes to submit to
the economic conditions that are abso-
lutely against their interests" even
though they are the wealth producing
class.
Observation-Disclosures natural en-
vironment from man-made economic
factors.
Answer.-Natural environment, in
which man developed in the early
stages, consisted of the fertility of
the soil, climatic conditions, abundance
of game fish, etc, which is all inn
portant; but with the progress of civ
ilization the natural environment loses
its relative Importance and the eco
nomic (man-made) environment, ma
chinery, factories, railroads and i'm
proved appliances grows in import
ance until in our day the man-made
economic environment has become
we'll nigh all-important."
Question. - Explain, briefly, the
law of surplus value"
Answer-Brlefly, it is the differ
ence between what the working class
gets for it's labor power, AT ITS
VALUE in wages, for producing COM
modities, and what the employing
class gets for the commodities at
THEIR VALUE when sold to the con-
sumner.
Question.-Since the economic fac
tor is the determining factor, what
does the claw of surplus value" fur
nish us?
Answer.-"This surplus value is the
key to the whole present economic or
ganization of society The end and
object of capitalist society is the form
alton and accumulation of surplus
} value, or in other words, the system
attic, legal robbery of the subject work
, ing class"
, Question-Define value and state
how measured.
Answer.-"Value is the amount of
l. sr, a1f1 tod on n n
, cumulated in an object to fit it to
} satisfy human needs. We measure the
amount of this human labor by it's
duration by labor time"
, Question. = What determines the
} value of labor power?
Answer-It is determined precisely
: like the value of every other commodi-
ty, i. e., by the amount of labor time
} socially necessary for it's production
or reproduction"
Question.-Since labor power is
commodity, what condition is it sub.
D jected to?
D Answer.-It is subjected to the same
The worker in whom the commodity
} are subject to without regard to the
0 fact that it is the source of all value
D The worker in whom tn commodity
. labor power is embodied, does not get
= the product of his labor, but only
o enough, called wages, to keep him in
0 working order, which equals the value
D of his labor as a commodity. If the
D worker got the product of his labor
o he would get much more than enough
= to keep him in working order and
0 there would be no profit for owners
0 and bosses.
0 Question.-When and where does
= the surplus value or unpaid labor ap
D pear?
0 Answer.-At present it is the root
o of the wage system. 1t was also the
: substance of chattel slavery and serf
: dom.
q Question.-Name the three great
D systems of economic organization
upon which the structure of past his
= tory and social institutions have their
o basis.
o Answer Slavery, serfdom and the
. wage system.
e Explain, briefly, how the
a subject class was exploited in each.
/ Answer.-Under slavery, the labor
D er was a chattel the same as a mule
D or horse and only received his keep,
{ that is, enough food, clothing and
shelter to keep him in working order.
All he produced was taken by his
master. Under serfodm, the worker
produced what was necessary to keep
t him I'm working order and then sep
/ arately and apart produced the bal