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The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1913-07-24
Sons Of the Rich Are a Menace

BY Justice WESLEY O. HOWARD of the Supreme Court Of New York
THE SONS RIcH-ARRoeANT, lNsoLENT, lNDoLENT,
i USELESS WITHOUT CALLING OR OCCUPATION OR PROFESS
sIoN-THesE ARE NOT ONLY NUISANCE TO SOCIETY, BUT
MENACE REPUBLIC.
They neither do they spin yet they the fat the land
They the PARASITES OF CIVILIZATION drawing their
men from the SOIL but from the bodies others They the
pogaor communism They the creators of hatred between
the classes and the
IT TAKES \ THOUSAND MEN TO SUPPORT EVERY IDLE
MILLIONAIRE His houses his yachts his automobiles his table, his
gasoline his gardens his clothes his his cigars his diamonds his
fu his horses his golf nka these supplied to him BY
SLAVES WHO LABOR ONLY FOR THEIR BREAD
These drones society SAP THE SUBSTANCE OF THE POOR
Each than hundred families BY their
ravganc they the high cost of living They eat the steaks
and the hboring man bols the bones.
A condition like this is UNHEALTHY IN A REPUBLIC II
cannot long be tolerated with safety 1t demands the attention
Of statesmen But statesmen AFRAID OF WEALTH.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1913-07-24
ARMY LOSES STRENGTH.

Increasing difficulty In securing en-
listments for the army Is becoming
so grave that an appeal may be made
to congress by the secretary OF war
to amend the existing enlistment laws
II the army is to be kept up to It's nor
NAL strength. The reports Indicate
an unwillingness among the young
men OF the country TO contract away
their time for a period as long as sew
en- years. even after II is explained
TO them that only four OF these years
must be spent with the colors.
With growing demands for troops
for garrison duty in HaYaii and the
canal zone and for the recruitment OF
the existing regiments up TO the full
strength, this failure OF the recruiting
service is giving serious concern to
army officers,
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1913-07-24
Horticultural
aAdviiccl
" 4 s1N -
" VN
WATER KILLS MANY PLANTS
That Moisture Must Be Applied
Freely Every Day.

More plants in the kindergarten
are killed, every year, by overwater-
ing, than in any other way. Some per-
sons labor under the delusion that wa
ter must be applied daily, and the con
sequence is their plants are literally
drowned out unless they happen to
have the best of drainage.
Others go on the 'littleand-often
plan-that is, they apply water in
small quantities whenever they hap
pen to think Of it,
The result is the surface of the soil
is kept moist, and from this the owner
takes it for granted that the soil be-
meath must be properly damp.
Nine times out of ten examination
will show that an inch or two below
the surface the soil is dry. OF course
the roots OF the plants can not do
their work under such conditions.
The plant soon sickens and eventually
dies and the owner wonders what
caused the trouble.
Now In watering plants several
things have to be considered. First,
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1913-07-24
HAT INDUSTRY STIMULATED.

Consul General Thomas Summons.
stationed at Yokohama, Japan, has re-
ported to the department Of commerce
that the cutting of queues In China
has greatly stimulated the hat indus
try
In 1910 Japan sold to China $685.
263 worth of hats writes Consul
Summons. In 1912 the sales amount
ed to $S6S, 7l3. The great increase in
Japan's sales to China resulted from
the demand for Inexpensive felt hats
and cloth caps for the immediate use
of the Chinese who have cut their
queues.
The demand for hats and caps
among Chinese men is greater south
OF the Yangtse river than In the
northern provinces. the manufacture
ers Of this class OF japanese goods
being advised that the cutting of the
queues was more active in the south
than in the north"
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1913-07-24
HOME COURSE
IN SCIENTIFIC
AGRICULTURE
EIGHTEENTH ARTICLE.
RAISING SUGAR BETS.
BY HARVEY W. WILEY. Former Chief Of
the Bureau OF Chemistry aud Former
Director Department Sugar
Beet Experiment Sta
ton, Nebraska.

"HE successful growing Of sugar
bects Is an art that one ac-
IL qpircs 10y practice. The farm
or who has made a shcccss OF
raising other crops will quite often fail
at nrst In this one. us the methods u
cultlyating Ordinary crops do not ap.
ply G~hc ease OF sugar bccts
III manufacture OF sugar from
the G~,t the farmer plays an lmpor.
taut part by supplying bects Ia an AIDE.
quatc quantity and % lhgh quality.
but beyond that be- can hardly hope to
enter the field The manufacture ~
beet sugar Is an industry entirely dis
tinct from agriculture. From the ma.
ture o. the process 10 Is quite I'm
probable that any simple method Of
home manufacture Of beet sugar will
ever prove commercially successful
The juice Of the beet is extracted with
difficulty
Experience has shown that the sug
ar beet reaches u.s. highest develop
ment In north temperate attitudes
This isothrrmnl line for the United
States begins near the city Of New
York and passes mp the Hudson river
90 Albany. thence turning westward.
q runs near Syracuse and passes In a
southwesterly direction. touching the
shore % Lake Erie near Saudusky, O.;
turning thence In a northwestcrly III
rection, u enters Michigan and reach
Is its highest point In that state near
Lansing: then going In a Southwestern
~ direction. II enters the state Of In
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1913-07-24

The last few weeks have been a
severe test on the corn crop, and It
is Just such times that demonstrate
the value Of deep blowing and thor
ough preparation Of seed bed, and
frequent, shallow civilizations. Where
this has not been done, all corn but
that in alluvial bottom land has been
rolling up every day for sometime.
But where good tillage has been prac-
ticed very little rolling up Of corn is
to be seen and that on dry shaley hill
sides By proper tillage and care
Of the soil, il is only the extremely
dry or extremely wet seasons that
damage our crops to any great ex-
tent.
Now that the dry season is here
it is a good thing to consider some
Of the reasons why good tillage en-
ables US TO control our supply of
moisture to so great an extent:
In the first place, it is very import
ant to have the land thoroughly
drained to prevent water from stand
ing too near the surface at any time
daring the year Then it is essential
that the soil bee well supplied with
humus or dccaying vegetable matter,
not only to supply plant food, but
also TO allow ready passage Of water
and air both upward and downward
through the soil.
These conditions being met the
ground should be plowed from 3 TO
II inches deep and thoroughly pulyer-
lied, so delicate roots Of the plants
can have access 70 any and all parti-
cles Of the soil, which is impossible if
the ground is hard and cloddy.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1913-07-24

the nature OF the plant. Some like a
good deal of water. others only a mod
crate amount
Second. the soil. A close. loamy soil
dries out slowly, therefore it will not
require as frequent, or as large appli-
cations as a light porous soil from
which moisture evaporates rapidly.
Third, location and exposures must
be taken into consideration. Plants
in the sun. or a very warm place, will
need a good deal more water than
those in full or partial shade. or low
temperature.
Fourth. the size of the pot must be
reckoned with. The soil in a large
pot will not dry out for two or three
days, but the soil in a small pot will
become quite dry every day. Little
moisture needed
Fifth, a dormant plant requires but
little water. II is not in a condition
to make use of much water. and an
oversupply of 1t will surely result in
harm. When the plant begins to
grow. then increase the quantity and
proportion this to the development
made.
All these things must receive due
consideration by the amateur who
would know how to care for his or
her plants intellgently. Study them.
Experiment with them. In this way
you soon become familiar with the in
diyiduality of each one and you will
be able to give to each the care it
needs.
We are often asked for some rules
tor watering plants. 1t is impossible
to make any rule that can be followed
strictly.
The only rule have ever been able
to give is this: When the surface of
the soil looks dry, water. Use enough
TO thoroughly saturate all the soil In
the pot
You can tell about this by the es-
cape OF some at the bottom OF the pot.
Then wait until the dry look appears
on the surface again, and apply water
as before
But. as | have said. one will have
TO modify this rule to fit the condl-
lions. 1t is a general rule. subject to
such change as may appear necessary
to the intelligent plant'grower who
does not believe In treating all her
plants exactly alike.
Give fertilizers to growing plants
only A plant standing still needs
none. and will be injured by the appli-
cations OF the food II is not in a con
dition 10 make use OF.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1913-07-24
URGE NATIONAL GOOD ROADS
Recent Convention Adopts Resolution
Proposing Highways From Wash
lngton TO Capitals.

That national roads be built con
Meeting Washington with the capitals
Of every state in the Union was the
tenor OF resolution unanimously
adopted by the national good roads
federal aid convention at a session re-
Gently held in Washington. The reso-
luton further advocated the creation,
wherever they do not now exist, Of
reflective state departments in every
state" for the construction and main
tenance Of good roads
A proposition. made by William 7.
Page on behalf of Representative
Slemp of Virginia, urging the APP
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1913-07-24
LEADS IN SUGAR CONSUMPTION

The per capita consumption OF su-
gar In the United States is 1853 pounds
a year. according TO the latest statis-
tics compiled by the government ex'
perts Americans need not believe
that they are the most sweet-toothed
people. however. for In the United
Kingdom the per capita consumption
Is said to be s6.49.
These are some OF the statistics
contained In report by II, ]. Sheri'
dan. commercial agent OF the bureau
OF foreign and domestic commerce.
made public by Secretary OF Com
merce Redfield.
The United States Is the greatest
sugar consuming country In the
world. according TO the report. II
consumes annually almost onefifth
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1913-07-24

pointment of a committee in the house
Of representatives to look after legis-
lation affecting good roads, was heart
lily indorsed. although no formal &C
ton was taken.
Representative Moss of West Vir-
ginia criticised the tendency which,
he said. seemed TO characterize some
Of the speakers, to encourage class
distinctions and similar "factional-
ism" His remarks followed addresses
by several speakers who said the
farmers were holding back the good
roads projects because they believed
them to be only automobile roads"
Il believe the farmer is entitled to
consideration" said Mr.. Moss. u
think reckless drivers should have
their licenses taken away from them.
But am also against the farmer who
believes he has the exclusive right to
the roads. The roads are for all the
people, rich and poor. We should all
stand shoulder to shoulder in this
proposition and not encourage any fac
tionalism."
Other speakers included Representa-
tive Kinkaid OF Nebraska. Judge j. Nj.
Lowe of Kansas City. Mo; Pendleton
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1913-07-24

of the entire amount of sugar pro
duced in the world In l909-10 1t con-
sumed 3.2S577l long tons. as COM
pared with 1.707.956 tons by the Unit
ed Kingdom, 1.199.3S9 tons by Russia
and 1,1l6.3l5 tons by Germany. all
other countries consuming less than
100000 tons each. The per capita
consumption of the United States in
the same period was 1913 pounds.
which was the highest except that of
the United Kingdom. which had an
apparent per capita consumption OF
S6l9 pounds, due to the large
amounts used in fruit canning and
preserving for export.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1913-07-24
PetunIa ReaaIns Popularity.

There was once a time when no
flower lover would have planted a
garden without having petunias in 1t.
and now that the plant experts have
evolved many wonderful new forms.
this flower Is regaining its old-time
popularity. Sow the seeds In warm
and sunny spot. and see to It that the
plants never suffer from lack OF water.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1913-07-24
Aided Good Roads.

The Inauguration OF the parcel post
did more for the good roads move
ment than any sigle action OF the
government in many years. The con
stitution specifically provides for the
construction of post roads. That the
parcel post cannot be successful un
less the government exercises its pow
er in improving the highways Is &C
cepted as a fact
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1913-07-24

The citizens OF Montgomery county
Texas. recently voted bonds to the
amount OF $3.50. 900 to be used In con
structing good roads in this county
Work will begin at the earliest pos
sible date.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1913-07-24
No announcement.

In considering roads remember that
there are few towns that look so good
to the farmer that he will kill his horse
to get there.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1913-07-24

Beckley of Louisville, KY Samuel ii.
Lea of South Dakota; Dell NJ. Potter
OF Clifton, Ariz.; c. c. Gilbert of
Nashville. Tenn. and Col. Cameron.
Judge Lowe in his address declared
that congress should not hesitate to
appropriate money for good roads, as
it has appropriated enough for rivers
and harbors.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1913-07-24
BAD Roads a Tax.

Bad roads are tax and fearful
Limitation upon the business and social
life OF country people.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1913-07-24

The hcets should be covered to
depth OF oDs-half inch 10 two inches.
according 20 the state of the soil
In the matter Of space between rows
there il considerable variation. In
some cases tue rows are made only
sixteen inches apart and In others as
wide ms twenty eight inches.
The cost Of growing an acre OF beets
depends on so many varying factors as
10 render Il impossible TO give an esti-
mate which Is reliable for every local
lty.
IL Is probable that the actual cost TO
our farmers for the first few years OF
the beet industry did not exceed $25 to
s35 per acre aud In many instances fell
below these figures.
II Is reasonably certain. accidents OF
season aside. that net profit Of from
* TO SIS per acre may be expected
from the proper culture OF the sugar
beet In localities near a factory when
all the como OF the best methods
Of culture are fulfilled.
The byproducts from beet culture on
the farm are the tops and leaves. which
are commonly used for feeding cattle.
Some farmers. however, turn them
under as a fertilizer. When used as a
feed the beet tops can be eaten by the
cattle on the field where they have
been grown. II they are fed In stalls
the manure should be returned to the
deld.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-11-05
UNITED GAS PARTY
ARRIVES TOMORROW
FOR AN INSPECTION
Understood Dill and Others
May Acquire Control of
the American Cities
Properties

In local Industrial circles the visit here
tomorrow of S. ]. Din and party. head of
the United Gas and Electric company. is
looked upon with unusual interest That
Mr.. Dill and his party occupying the
private car National are coming here
for more than routine visit is gem
orally admitted
The party including some prominent
bankers. will look over the Birmingham
Railway, Light and Power company lines
They viii also look over the work being
done by the Alabama Power company at
ocampo. That the subsequent trips to
various cities where the American Cities
company has properties may mean that
the United Gas is looking into invest
ment in the American Cities is rumor
heard here
Nothing of an official nature has been
given out yet in connection with the visit
of Mr.. Din and party. However. it was
learned last night thae the men of the
party are heavily Interested in the Amer
lean Cities and by securing a favorable
impression of the properties might be
inclined to secure control of the former
Newman properties. such scheme would
involve the transfer Or the local COM
panysto the larger interest and would also
have its direct bearing upon the water
power electric energy being developed at
Ocampo by the Alabama Power COM
pany.
AS announced, Mr. Dill and his party
will after looking over the local proper
ties of the Birmingha,n Railway, Light
and Power company. make side trip to
ocampo. The party will be aecompa-
MED by President Frank S. Washburn of
the Alabama Power company and other
officials here. After tnat the party will
return here and will go to New Orleans.
The forthcoming visit of the United Gas
officials will be the forerunner of inter-
esting developments in the local street
railway situation, it is believed
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-11-05
SHORTER DECIDES
NOT TO ENTER RACE
Insurance Man Will Not Run
for Secretary of State
CHILD FALLS INTO FIRE
EufauIa Churches Preparing for Con-
ference Next Month in Mont
gomery-Water and Light
Rates Are Passed

Eufaala November 4.-(SpeciaI1
Col. Harry r. Shorter of Birmingham
stated here today that he has practi-
cally given up the idea of running for
secretary of state He has been a ten
tative candidate for several months aud
promised to make his announcement
January /. Colonel Shorter, who is
visiting his mother, Mrs. Addie Short
er, says that the campaign would mean
great financial loss to him and neg
iect of his business, all of which would
mean new start would have to be
made after his term had expired in the
event of his election. He will return
to Birmingham shortly.
Lena, the 5-year-old daughter of Mr.
and Mrs. j. z. Davis, who live at Field
Station, west of Eufaula, fell into an
open CRATE yesterday and was badly
burned. especially on the right arm.
Her father, who happened to be near,
saved the child from possible death.
Churches In the Eufaula district OF
tile Alabama Methodist conference are
making preparations now for the an
nual meeting to be held December 8
at Montgomery The pastors of the re-
SpeCllNe CHURCHES are ehuedNorlHS 10
get together their conference collec-
tions in order that they may make a
satisfactory report to the conference
In a sermon at the First Methodist
Episcopal church, the pastor, the Rev.
IL. c. Threadgill, declared that If the
United States does not intervene IN
Mexico that country will be in a state
of. revolution for the next 500 years.
The city council at it's meeting last
night passed a set of special rates for
gas. water and electric light service to
the aldermen, following report of the
committee appointed to consider this
matter. 1t was at first proposed 20
grant free service. but this was found
to be without the law.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-11-05


same time of the address which Frank A.
Vanderip made to the investment
bankers"
The thought behind this comment was
this At Chicago within few days
three addresses have been made, all OF
them to gatherings of men who repre-
sented Industries of finance, which taken
together probably voices intelligent pub
lie opinion in the United States respect
ing present day conditions
Judge Gary's address does not differ
greatly in thought, although considerably
in treatment, from the impressive adj
dress which he made some months ago
to large gathering in this city. The
fundamental thought running through
both of these addresses is this Abun-
dant, inconceivably great opportunities
await the American people and can be
grasped and realized If certain obstacles
now in the way are removed.
This thought has also been voiced by
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-11-05
OAKLEY TRIAL COMES UP
IN MONTGOMERY TODAY

Montgomery, November 4.-fSpeeialD
Much interest is attached to the trial
of James G. Oakley.s deposed head of
the state convict department, on the
charge of embezzlng state funds aggre-
eating nearly S125,Ooo in connection with
the convict department shortage. The
trial Of Mr.. Oakley win begin in the city
court here tomorrow.
Mr.. Oakley viii be represented by sew
eral leading attorneys of the state, in
eluding Alex Pitts of Selma, Jerome Fuller
Of centreville, and the well known firm of
Hill, Hill & whiting of Montgomery.
Attorney General Robert c. Bricl1ell
will probably assist Solicitor W. L. Sell
bells in the prosecution.
The trial of Oakley is likely to attract
interest, owing to the wide
publicity given the recent convict depart
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-11-05
GREAT LEADERS ARE
AGREED ON NEED OF
INDUSTRIAL PEACE
Mind Cannot Conceive De-
vel0pments of Nation of
Wonderful Resources
GARY'S ADDRESS
SOUNDS KEYNOTE
Hill, Vanderlip and Vail all Have
the Same Idea in Mind in Their
Recent Utterances-Cha
of Treatment
by HOLLAND

! New York, November 4--(Special.)-On
the day that brief synopsis of the ad-
dress which was delivered by James j.
Hill in Chicago to members of the In
vestment Bankers association was pub
lished in this city, one of these who are
prominent in great affairs of commerce
and finance said: MIR. Hills address and
that delivered few days earlier by Judge
E. II. Gary, also in Chicago should be
read together. 1t would make little diff
ference which was read first, but the
reading should be continuous until both
sof these addresses have been read. There
should also be careful reading at the
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-11-05

ment defaleation and the sensational dis
closures following the public investigation
of that department. As the result of
this investigation, James q. Oakley was
summarily removed by the governor as
head of the department and he was short
ly thereafter arrested on the charge of
embezzlement, the state maintaining that
he was responsible for the acts of his
subordinate.
In addition to charging Oakley with en-
bezzlement the state also brought suit
against him for the amount of the short
age. attaching his property. Recently
Oakley confessed Judgment to the state to
the amount of his property hold ngs.
thereby turning over his entire estate,
amounting to about $4,000
The criminal case will probably con-
sumo several days. and it is expected
that the legal battle will be one of the
most interesting that MONTGOMERY has
seen in number of years.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-11-05

Theodore n. Vail, recently in private
conversation and several times in public
III addresses. 1t is, in fact, an inspira-
ton TO listen to Mr. Vail as he sets
forth his vista of the possibilities of the
future provided only the people win en-
courage the realization of these oppor-
tunites. Mr. Vail, however, says that
the mind of man, however highly trained,
cannot being to picture forth what may
be accomplished in the way of material
development and prosperity by the United
States, if only there be perfect co-opera-
tion between capital, labor and the peo-
pie. A statement of similar purport was
made several years ago by James Still
man and it was a thought of this kind
which lay behind the now historic state
ment of the late ]. p. Morgan: The
man who is a bear upon the United States
will 20 broke -
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-11-05

to pay Neun $4,000. Neun, an iron work
er, disloeated his neck when he fell 10
stories while at work on downtown sky
seraper last March. Wearing steel
brace around his head and extending
down his spine he holds his neck in place,
and he appeared i'm court as his own wilt
ness. Ills physician testified that any
sudden shock, even sneeze Is likely To
result in Nouns death. Neun is % years
old and has a wife and three children.
lie was an athlete before he was hurt r
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-11-05
$4,000 DAMAGES
AWARDED LABORER

New York, November d.--What is de-
clared to be the largest verdict awarded
under the employers liability act in this
city, was brought in by a supreme court
jury today in favor of Fred G. Neun
who lives with broken neck. The jury
directed the Harris II. Urris Iron works