davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1913-05-06

easily become one. Instead of the
German farmers remaining on the
| outside and getting what considera-
ton they could from another mans
| banking system they have built up
one of their own which they control.
These systems provide a regular
channel for the diversion of a portion
of the savings of the German people
to the development of their farms All
over the empire the little farmers
banks are found. Week byweek the viii
lage artisan, the butcher. the baker, the
candlestick maker place their little
savings in these banks and from there
1t goes into the farmers hands. And
what is most important the farmers
who receive this money, must pledge
tn themselves to spend 1t for some i'm
provement to their land or for the
purchase OF some implement or ar
ticle that will increase their produc-
ton, increase their income, increase
the riches OF the Empire. necessarily
the machine goes round, receiving
money from everywhere and turning
1T over to the farmers and every cent
that takes this route means more
wheat, more food, more wealth for
the German people.
The most satisfactory feature of
agricultural cooperation is that II has
been put in practice In practically al
Of the countries OF Europe. Certainly
a system that has served with equal
satisfaction the needs of the farmers
Of fourteen countries, of fourteen or
indeed many more nationalities
should not be dismissed simply on the
ground of non-adapta bility without
thorough study. 30 the American
commission proposes to study the op-
erations of the systems, to observe
them at first hand among the Danes
and Germans, the French and Italians
among the many races of Austria
Hungary and among the farmers of
Russia and Ireland. The field of
study will be exceptionally broad. The
first agricultural cooperative credit
systems were devised in Germany.
From that country they were carried
into the other countries and in each
instance there were notifications
made in the plans Of operation in
order to make the systems conform to
the conditions and forms OF Govern
ment Of the country to which they
were transplanted. The same thing
will have to be done in order to Sc
cure a satisfactory system for the
United States.
An instance Of this is the German |
system Of land mortgage associations
and the French adaptation of the
same idea In Germany, shortly after
the Seven Years War, King Frederick
the Great compelled hts barons to /
pledge their great estates as security
for loans which he proposed to use 70
develop the agricultural resources of
Prussia which had suffered severely
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1913-05-06

f1ciency before the superior strength
Of corporate organization. Only the
farmer, the conservative Of conserva-
tives, the backbone of indivtdualism.
has chung tenaciously to the old-fash-
Toned practices that make the Ameri-
can farm family a complete unit unto
itself. What he needs he buys for him
self; not only does he produce his grain
through his own effort alone but he is
his own agent In selling 1t. He Dor
rows upon the credit of his own name
or on the security Of his land alone.
He thinks alone, acts alone, and COM
petes alone against many. And there
are none to deny that no prosperity,
no economic gain. perhaps, could COM
pensate for the loss of his individual
ism in the citizenship of the nation.
Now comes the doctrine of cooper
alton. And the cry is raised, THE
American farmer would not sacrifice
his individualism to adopt such meth
DDS. 1t Is all right in Europe where
farmers can be handled" but in
America the farmer is too independ-
emit"
But when does cooperation demand
a sacrifice Of 1ndividuaIism? Coop
GRAFTON is rather a means to secure
corporate strength without such loss.
You are no less Independent for work.
ing with" a man. You lose your in
dividualisn only when you work 'for''
a man or more properly when you are
the servant of a machine. The Ameri-
can farmers are needless1y handicap
ping themselves. independence de-
mands equality but not seclusion nor
aloofness from all partnerships.
So say the apostles OF agricultural
cooperation. They are firm in their
belief that cooperation is an econ
omic necessity for the farmers. In
telligence, judgment, individualism,
they declare, would measure the sue
cess Of cooperative undertakings.
The strength of the whole organiza-
ton would depend upon the strength
Of the units that compose ii.
It Is a curious anomaly that the
United States though the greatest
d-producing country in the world,
is the most backward of all in the
credit facilities extended to its farm
ers. 1t is not possible to satisfactor-
lily account for this state of affairs
but undoubtedly the great prosperity
OF the farmers was primarily response
BILE for the neglect of their needs. The
cheapness OF the land and its great
fertility made any attempt at intense
or even thorough cultivation unnec-
essary. New lands were being con-
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1913-05-06

from the wars. Such high handed
methods were certainly a curious be-
ginning for a system which has de-
veloped into a mutual aid association.
This compulsory pooling OF their land
by the mobiles finally led to the forma-
ton of the Landschaften Asso olations,
organizations in which the members
voluntarily pledged their land as Joint
security for debts TO be incurred by
the society. These societies issued
mortgage bonds which were Listed on
the great financial exchanges and
dealt In as commonly as are the best
railroad bonds in the United States
today. These bonds were based upon
mortgages given to the Landschaften
by any member desiring to borrow.
The purchaser OF the bond could de-
pend upon the strength Of the entire
Landschaften for security for MS
bond. The bond holder had nothing
to do with the borrowing farmer. The
society became responsible for the
farmer and If he defaulted only the
society suffered. OF course, that
made the bond a great deal better In
vestment than a farm mortgage, and
the investor was willing TO buy it at
much lower rate of interest than he
would have extended TO the individual
farmer on a mortgage. The system
secured an enormous fund OF money
for the German farmers at far lower
interest rates than were otherwise OBJ
tainable and upon easier terms 30
the French decided TO COPY this idea.
But they went about II in an an en-
tirely different way. In the first place,
as the French have not the problem
OF dual Governme nt, as is the case
among the federated states OF the
German Empire, II was decided, prob
ably for economy of management, 10
have one national mortgage system
instead OF many, and to depend upon
Government control instead Of oom-
petition 10 keep down the rates Of In
terest to the farmers. Then, as IL was
manifestly impracticable 20 pledge as
security the farm lands of oil France,
a cash capital was subscribed instead.
Upon these principles there was built
up the Credit Foncier Of France, the
greatest land bank IN the world. Later
the Germans borrowed the French
modification Of their own idea, but
it a second time, organizing
the German Land Banks.
So the systems have been trans
ferred from country to country chang
ing somewhat each time. In the
OulIeu bJaLes IneIe VIII unQou Dtedly
arise problems which will necessitate
even further and new notifications.
There seems little doubt but that
the application of these principles In
the United States will radically change
agricultural conditions. Agriculture
In this country is not progressing.
The production OF foodstuffs is in
only about one-fourth as fast
as the population and consequently
prices of foodstuRs are jumping sky
ward every year. The solution Of the
problem seems to be the creation Of
better credit facilities. Moro CAPITAL
put into farming would permit Of a
higher development OF the land. a
more general use Of fertilizers. Of bet
er machinery and Of the scientific
Methods which the Government bsa
rome to such great expense to reach
he farmer but which require so much
money to apply.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1913-05-06
Confession

variable condition. There are many
! banks which cater to farm loans. The
permission to establish national banks
with smaller capital in small towns
has probably helped a great deal. But
generally the banks of today are not
responsive to the needs of the farmers.
The deposits of the country are in the
big cities. The natural channel for
! bank funds to take is towards the in
dustrial or speculative enterprises.
The farmer is the outsider. He may
get money from the banks but he has
to divert it from its normal course to
do Sc. There is no system that carries
a stream Of money into agriculture as
it is carried toward other enterprises.
In Europe the conditions of fifty
years ago were quite the reverse of
what they were in the United States.
The land had long since lost most of
it's natural fertility. 1t was like the
COW which the farmers boy said.
Didn't give no milk. You had to
take 1t from her" The land had to
be developed, exploited, and money
was needed to do that. So in Ger
many, that most scientific of all ma
tions, systems of agricultural credit
were devised.
To provide the short time loans the
Germans formed societies Of farmers
who pledged themselves Jointly liable
for any loans made in the name Of the
society. Then the society handled the
funds and in turn made loans to the
farmers who were members of the
society. The principle was simply
that a group of farmers could borrow
more easily and at lower rates than
single farmer These societies also
received savings deposits. They were
mutual aid societies and made no at
tempt to take profit out of the trans
action. Their aim was simply to help
the farmers to borrow at as low in
terest rates as possible.
To provide funds for the long time
loans other associations were formed
wherein the landhoIders also pledged
their possessions as collective security
for the debts of the society. In these
societies, however, bonds were issued
just as are the bonds of q railroad in
this country and the money secured
from the sale of the bonds was loaned
to mem bers of the society. The bonds
were based upon mortgages of the
members It was simply a scheme to
make a big society responsible to
lenders instead of forcing an investor
1oaning money on farm lands to col |
lect personally from an individual
farmer.
AS simple as these plans sound and !
for that matter as simple as they ac- |
tually are in principle, they have been /
developed into a network of credit or /
CARNATIONS which supply every cent /
Of money used by the farmers of the /
German Empire. Practically every /
farmer in Germany IS banker or can
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1913-05-06
PALACE OF TIE. 1NTERNATIo11AL INSTITUTE Or
AeRlc Gun TURF AT ROME ITALY WHERE 1fE. AMERICAN
cOrTr1IS51oN Will Be WELcor1ED To EUROPE.

stantly opened up by the Government
and whenever the land lost It's pro-
ductivity in one district the farmers
would migrate west and open up new
farms. 1t has been. said that the
American ft-rmer q Chose days was
more a miner than a farmer in that
he simply dug his profits out Of the
fertility of his soil. The true science
Of farming Is to employ the land
simply as manufacturing plant
which is developed and made through
artificial means to produce yield far
beyond that obtainable at It's natural
fertility.
Today farming conditions in the
United States are changed. The farmer
no longer is able to count upon new
territories to open up. He must buy
his land and generally at high prices.
He cannot afford to wear out its fer
tility and throw 1t aside. Instead he
must add to it from year to year. He
must employ the most improved types
of agricultural machinery in order to
reap the greatest benefit from the
land. The farmer has become a man
ufacturer. He is in the same position
as the men engaged in other indus
tries and he consequently must rely
upon credit, just as they do, in order
to successfully conduct his manufac-
turing plant. To purchase fertilizers,
machinery, to irrigate or grade his
land. to permanently improve his
fields he must invest capital. 1t is not
reasonable to expect him to put up all
this capital himself. He should be
able TO make use of credit just as any
business corporation does.
But despite these present-day re-
quirements the farmer finds himself
without any adequate means to secure
this credit. The banking system of
the country was built in the interest
Of the merchant and the manufac-
turer. The farmer is an outsider and
secures generally but Indifferent &C
comm odations from the banks. The
national banks are denied the right
to lend their funds on his mortgage.
He has the state banks and the insur-
ance companies to depend upon, but
apparently they are not adequate.
For short time loans on personal Sc
curity he is handicapped because the
banks as a rule have no means OF
judging Of his resources as accurately
as they may of the merchant or man
ufacturer. There is no mercantile
agency to list the farmers. Also the
banks are IN closer touch with the
business men than they are with the
farmers This of course Is not an in
The Butler weekly times. (Butler, Mo.) 1881-1918, 1913-08-28
STILL SELL THEIR CATTLE
All Records at the Kansas City Stock.
yards for Single Day Were
Broken.

Kansas City, Aug. 26.-The cattle
market here has broken record.
Thirty .eigh. thousand cattle were re-
ceived at the yards in one day re-
Gently, which is the largest number
ever received in the city in the same
time.
The previous record was made Oc-
tober S. 1908, when 33,340 cattle were
received. The same day is also rec
ord day in the five western markets
the receipts totaling $4,000, of which
nearly half were marketed here. The
receipts here are more than half of
the total number Of cattle received in
the six days last week.
The market is steady to fifty cents
lower. Several loads OF prime Mis-.
souri, steers weighing 1000 and 1900
pounds sold for 50.
The Butler weekly times. (Butler, Mo.) 1881-1918, 1913-08-28
A DELAY IN THE THAW CASE
New York Fugitive viii Not BE Ar.
raigned in Canada for at Least
Week.

Sherbrooke, que, Aug. 2.-For at
least a week, barring unforeseen de-
velopments. Harry Kendall Thaw
will remain in the Sherbrooke Jail
Then he is to be arraigned in the
superior court on a writ of habeas
corpus. Between now and that time
his battery of Canadian lawyers hope
to perfect plans, not to thwart de.
portation, but to submit to it grace
fully, to point selected by Thaw.
This, in brief, was the status OF
Matteawan's fugitive, arrested near
Coaticook, Quebec, and committed to
Jail here. Ignorant of the moves
made by his lawyers, Thaw has spent
his time pacing the length of the mar
row Corridor in the Sherbrooke Jail
and was not even aware that the writ
Of habeas corpus in his case was
served on the jailer and that but for
timely telephone message he would
have been produced in court with the
bench vacant.
The Butler weekly times. (Butler, Mo.) 1881-1918, 1913-08-28
ELECTION LAWS PROPOSED
Bill for Choosing United
States Senators.

Washington, Aug 26.-To forestall
further disputes over the election of
senators in accordance with the re-
cant direct election amendment to the
constitution, the senate elections COM
mittee is preparing to propose q GER
tain regulatory legislation.
Senator Walsh Of Montana and q
subcommittee are working on a bill
which will provide an extension Of
state laws for electing representatives
In the various states to the election
Of senators. This not only would au-
thorize governors to call special elec-
lions to fill vacancies but would au-
thorize the election of senators at the
regular elections.
The Butler weekly times. (Butler, Mo.) 1881-1918, 1913-08-28
CHICAGO HAS A WIND STORM
ing Performance and One
Man Killed.

Chicago, Aug. ga severe cleo.
trical storm, accompanied by high
wind ndrhail, marked path across
the south part of Chicago. One man
was killed and several were injured.
Houses were burned and trees swept
down.
A circus tent crowded with women
and children was flattened. The pat
rons fed in panic. Women were
separated from their babies and sew
eral tainted. Men cut holes in the
tentw it'll knives and the audience was
tent with knives and the audience was
exits. A gospel tent also was blown
down.
The Butler weekly times. (Butler, Mo.) 1881-1918, 1913-08-28
FACTORY HEAD CONVICTED
Leo Frank, Superintendent Of Atlanta
Pencil Plant, Guilty Of Young
Girls Death.

Atlanta, Ca, Aug. 26-Leo M. Frank
was found guilty Of the murder last
April Of Mary Phagan, IA years old.
an employee at the local National Pen
ell Company's factory, Of which Frank
was superintendent
All spectators had been excluded
from the courtroom when the jury
reported. but q large crowd which had
assembled outside the courthouse re-
ceived the news with noisy demon
STATIONS.
Frank, who by agreement of coun.
Gel. had been permitted to remain In
his cell in the county jail, was In
formed Of the jury's findings IN hour
later and heard his fate unmoved. a.
though his wife. who was with him.
collapsed.
The Butler weekly times. (Butler, Mo.) 1881-1918, 1913-08-28
nv lNOET BOSS MURPHY
INFORMATION FILED A0AlNeT
TAMMANY CHEF.
A suizer Supporter Requests Action
BY District Attorney on Charges
Of Conspiracy.

New York. Aug. 26.-The indictment
Of Charles F. Murphy. leader of Tam
many hall; Aaron J. Levy. leader o.
the Democratic majority in the as
sembly, and James Frawley, chairman
Of the committee which investigated
Governor Suffers campaign contribu
tons, has been requested of the dis
trio attorneys of New York and AL
bany counties by Lynn J. Arnold Of
Albany. an ardent Sulzer supporter.
the indictment of the three leaders
Is asked on statements of many per.
sons presented by Judge Arnold to the
district attorneys, regarding an al
legged conspiracy to put Sulzer out OF
the governors chair. In so announc-
ing Judge Arnold repeated his declar-
alton that money had been freely used
10 accomplish this result
Judge Arnold, who is publisher OF
the Observation-Disclosures of Albany
said:
My newspaper has been friendly to
SulZer in this fight because we thought
he was not getting square deal. Be-
cause Of this friendliness many per-
sons have written to US and called at
our Office to tell us what they knew
of plot on the part of certain men
whom | cannot name now, to disgrace
Sul4er and put him out of the gov
errors chair.
This evidence has been placed be-
fore competent lawyers and they be-
lieve with ME that it is sufficient to
warrant indictments in connection
with the Impeachment proceedings.
who are ready to testify, will say
that ten men came to our Offices in
one afternoon with evidence relating
to this plot. We believe that 1t is
amply strong to warrant the indict-
ment of Murphy, Levy, Frawley and
others. I cannot say how many 9TH
ers now, nor can | tell the nature of
the charges
They &c to siA4eM, however, there
was conspiracy and plot against
Sulzer. More than that they tend to
prove q fiendish crime far greater than
that. I cannot say now, in the present
unsettled state Of affairs, what this |
crime is. Suffice it to say that it was |
fiendish-nothing short of it.
This evidence. in part, is already
In the hands of District Attorney
Whitman and the district attorney .of
Albany county. They are considering |
It. What they think Of it am not at |
liberty to say. They will have more
of it soon."
The Butler weekly times. (Butler, Mo.) 1881-1918, 1913-08-28
THE GRADE CROSSING AGAIN
Monon Passenger Train Hit Motor
Car, Killing Six and injuring
Three Others.

Chicago. Aug. 25.-Six persons were
killed and three injured when a Monon
passenger train, the Hoosier Limited.
struck a motor car between Cedar
Lake and st. Johns, Ind. All the dead
and injured were occupants of the
motor car and we're crossing the track
at grade crossing twelve miles south
OF Hammond, Ind. The train was
thirty minutes late and was going at
. high speed. The train was stopped
and the dead and injured taken to
this city.
The Butler weekly times. (Butler, Mo.) 1881-1918, 1913-08-28
TO ALLOW MEXICO
TO FIGHT It OUT
President Wilson's Policy Ap-
proved by Committees.
ENVOY LIND IS RETURNING
President Informally Read His Mes
sage on the Situation to the SEN
ate and House Foreign
Committees.

Washington, Aug. 26.-Presiden
Wilson read to the members Of the
senate committee on foreign relations
and the house committee on foreign
neutrality-suspicious. as well as Demo
crats-the message on the Mexican
situation which he will deliver in per
| son to joint session of both houses
of congress.
1t is message OF friendship. not
hostility. and precedes policy Of abb
solute noninterference. 1t proclaims
to the world the sympathetic feeling
that the United States government
and the American people have for
their neighbors in the rebellion torn
republic south OF the Rio Grande; it
records the views Of the United States
on constitutional government, its IN.
alterable opposition to governments
set up by the irregular and arbitrary
acts of ambitious individuals, and ii.
nally announces that the government
of Victoriano Huerta shall not be rec.
ognized.
The efforts of the United States to
bring about peaceful settlement OF
the difficulty through the representa-.
tons made by John Lind, special en-
voy OF President Wilson, are outlined.
as we'll as the answer of the Huerta
government.
The Presidents message received
practically unanimous approval The
future course of this government will
be one OF non.interference, in the
hope that the effect of it's present eff
forts and the pressure of foreign gov
ernments will constitute a moral
suasion that ultimately will bring
about peace in Mexico. The message
makes it plain that there will be no
lifting of the embargo on arms:
Secretary Bryan sat beside the
President as the latter read his mes
sage.
A message from John Lind, per-
sonal representative of President Will
son in Mexico, said that he had said
goodbye to Foreign Minister Gamboa
and had left the City of Mexico. Ne
gotiations SO far as Mr.. Lind is con-
cerned have been terminated. The
United States will receive any further
proposals through Charge d'Affaires
'Shaughnessy of the American en-
bassy.
The Butler weekly times. (Butler, Mo.) 1881-1918, 1913-08-28
BANKS FAVOR CURRENCY BILL
MEASURE UNDER DISCUSSION At
A CHICAGO CONFERENCE.
Finaneiers Will Approve Il With Ger.
tain Amendemnts and Will
Aid It's Passage.

Chicago.-A spirit of cancellation
and compromise toward the Owen
Glass Currecny Bill. IS 1t Is expected
it will be amended, was manifested
at . conference of leading bankers
from all parts of the country, held
here. Before the conference adjourns
It is expected that resolutions rec.
ommending a number of important
changes in the currency bill now
pending in Congress will be adopted
and that the bankers will use their
influence to assist President Wilscl
In obtaining currency legislation.
The change in the attitude OF the
bankers developed after George vi.
Reynolds, president Of the Continent.
and Commercial National bank ha
addressed the meeting asd told of al
important conference he held in New
York with Secretary of the Treasuly
McAdoo, at which the amendment
to the currency bill desired by IL,
bankers were discussed and assn.
ances given that the administrator
was Wiling 20 remedy every reason
able objection 10 the measure.
: Mr.. Reynolds was summoned to
New York to confer with Secretar!
McAdoo to discuss the attitude of tne
bankers toward the proposed legis.a
ton. Mr.. Reynolds outlined the prin-
cipal objections of the bankers to the
measure and when he returnerd to chi
cago he felt confident that the ad
would make a number
Of concessions in the final draft OF
The bill
In addressing the conference Mr.
Reynolds said:
If we act wisely believe we will
be able to obtain material modifica-
ions in the Owen Glass Currency Bill
low pending in Congress-"
The Butler weekly times. (Butler, Mo.) 1881-1918, 1913-08-28
Man Drowned In Gutter.

New York. Aug. 20. - Conrad
Churchill. an aged man, fell in the
gutter when running from . fire Ut
the Farmers' Seed Company's store
here. Az he lay helpless. face down.
ward, water poured on the fire flowed
out into the gutter and drowned him.