Farmers' champion. (Elgin, Okla.) 1912-1922, 1913-06-19

roa Stsss aradss Ars Sometimes
aesuonsGbts fur Lssatx
Nb,ee 1tcHes svs Bvsw r-,v,u,v
0ss~esiy sos's seessSs Lcss>s
are Ssturssiy t<es~y us,es~
Measures svs rsssu 70
p>svsvvt

-heys a 1rf an ifrsSsstpS cse.i liz
ltns crrunrr7 rom ssIirA ft.>,. ,s m,
u.nrn or Isss losN % gsss, a, ,,s.ss,
rZ1es1 lpssAs arc generally ssptsp .,
"a capst-1 ~ ss.epase sp1 sss,scys4irr.
inyrere. 4 inns Dsen demonstrated
hat ,he sFapoyafinu Iossrs as com.
5zrr-1 70 ;hosa czuss-f br seerase sre
70 lgsIf tlIat fiIey may ns tisrexn1e6
The u,s Nv sespssc unusually orrnrs
rom rl1e character ~ the sp,i through
snr,1 the canals r5In says tf1s Denver
1eid and BarTn. w pn this In ina.v
fivfnpd szudv lnsm sirh AZ orrrrs in
many places The lnsses from this
cause Sre generally light. mt when
.he canals srs 1niit through soils
which ara very srsvesiy 1r Dsrhaps
nearly ours gravel The sssspsss lnsses
are naturally esry heavy iniess stran.
Inus measures ara ahpptsd 10 Drsvenr
then.
IN other places much water is lnsr
along os-fs ~ The canals sIsrs riie
excavation has been throus. seamy
1asaltsc r1ra or fernmunsed sand--
stone Ton atsep grades sometimes
ara rsaponahie for much s~euaas
This condition Ia found IN some ~
he smaller early fitches 1nflr through
sravslly sotl We hass heard IL argued
hat when The ra.sr "a 70 ss crnfIcr-
sa through gravel or porous nnr-na-
anu II should so cass. hur IN canals
built On this theory rhs vsiociries ara
such al N prevent sflrins N The chan
1sIs and thus actually pr1mcrs seep-
age IN the construction of canals
many ala are made across sfnr- zrIl-
l'es or ieprsssions vEers n follow
fhe contour u the land would necsssi-
tate vide ietours. and frequently r1e
upper banks are either drirrsd or te-
stroysd which allows the varer 20
spread our over the and above the
canal and form lakes.
In cases where the alls are Of cnr-
siderabla height quite large areas ot
land are sometimes flooded and below
such lakes ars invariably found heavy
seepaze losses, large enough otter 20
run in small streams away from the
canal To prevent these losses the
upper banks Of the canals have been
built up so as To prevent the forma-
ton Of the lakes On ths canals
where the difficulty Is due to graveily
sou tr has been the practice 20 some
extent 20 sxcavats a fooe or 80 below
grade and then ill In with clay Or tns
material. go as 70 form n puddle IRE
clay Is tanped IN the bottom. Int ther
the bottom and Sides lra 3iustsrs.
several inches rhfcA win a n0r-a-
termed &C me clay IN plastic STATE.
This IS tien covered WIN a Aysr q
x-1vsi 70 prevent washing
The rzsIlrs cf thts rcrs l-s uI1ra
satisfactory. 1u- Il ts fi-icuir 70 i1f
sIfrliis ciay ocr -hs purpose and "a.
nsrr ias &C 1s used which Is nrrs az
1snsiTs our considerably nurs fii--
lsie. Scrs nsnsu-smencs have Dean
made N eur canals - l.a-r tfs .x-arc
u sespaxs. 5u- IN -fa smaller ffrriss
II s Almost IN pcssisi ~ sse any -
halia -ssulrs Gu account 1f IA iu-nsr-
1us iivsrsirrs sitcn -hars ~ 10 sa--
st1crcry i,sans u measuring AMI Y
rnase I-s sflr q, Long q scrsecii rv-
cr three miles lcnx chs sxr-a varsr
VII -lIse sucf 4 r'se n tns canal D..
rv ~ - aa ilngsr,us. rhe rss or
an Ircules tc try psr csnC ind MS
rs mere cha1 any business cai scard