The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1913-08-24
Car 0na


A.practically noiseless type Of driv-
ing. gear has been perfected by Pack
ard engineers. The worm bevels a.
they are known, are used in the new
Packard "3S" and "4s" motor car
riages They are said to assure a
silent rear axle.
The new gears have done away with
tho back LASH" that looseness be-
tween the teeth OF straight gears
which causes noise in the difYcrential
housing. Instead Of having only the
limited contact afforded by the
straight bevel. the teeth OF the worm
bevel are curved so as to have one
set of teeth enmeshing while the
set adtoinoing is becoming olsen
gagged. This affords a more continu-
Gus contact and promotes a smooth,
sliding action between the bevel gear
and the pinion.
The search for a noiseless type OF
gear has extended over a long period.
After months of planning. expert
tool makers we're called in for the pre-
liminary work. 1t then took just
three weeks to turn out the first set
Of geers. When completed, they were
thoroughly tested In an experimental
car and pronounced practically per-
feet. The next step was to make them
& manufacturing proposition. 1t was
found impossible to bring them up to
Packard standards by existing meth
DDS. II became necessary to design
and perfect entirely new fixtures for
the gear cutting machines.
The hair line accuracy required to
perfect the worm bevel gears means
that the machining and workmanship
must be accurate to the uttermost
limit. Absolute conformity to speci-
flcations Is the standard for the work.
49, - L.. - 80
facture Is followed by rigid inspection.
Instruments are used which are Ca
pable of measuring one-tenth Of one
one-thousandth of an inch. When
completed. the gears are the same In
every respect Like all Packard parts
they are INTERCHANGEABLE.
Horsepower of Auto Engines.
To find the horsepower of your
motor car. square the diameter OF
the cylinder. multiply 1t by the num-
Der OF cylinders, and divide It by two
and one-haif.
That Is the rule adopted by the So
ciety of Automobile Engineers 1t Is
not absolutely accurate but 1t Is ap-
proximateiy so, at definite piston
speed. and 1t is at least as fair for one
maker as for another.
While We are interested In this com
putation. stu the Hudson cars are
not rated according TO any arbitrary
formula We test Hudson engines
fngs showing actual brake horsepower
The motor of the "a" a six cylinder
car. develops BIS horsepower at 500
revolutions per minute. AT little
higher engine speed It shows So horse
power.
/; is hardly fair, therefore, to any o!
the modern efficient motor cars To use
the standard S. A. FL rating. Efforts
are being made to secure a more ac-
curate formula, and IL IL likely tina,
this viii be accomplished. Practically
all motors are now made with the Ions
stroke. This affects very much the
accuracy of the standard rating.
Low Grade Gasoline Has Most Power
Contrary to the general belief. the
lower grades OF gasoline possess &C
tuaiiy more power to the gallon than
dc the high grades.
The power q gasoline lies in the
numb Der Of III. r. u" II contains. '-B
r, L." means British Thermal Units
and is the standard of measurement,
for the heat units contained In Easo.
tire and other fuels. There are more
heat units in low grade gasoline thar
in high In fact there are more In
kerosene than in gasoline and IL kero-
sene ever becomes a popular fuel fol-
show more power per gallon than does
gasoline.
The power Of an engine depends
more on its design. however. than or
the grade Of gasoline used. Proper
re,~tion of stroke to bore. accurate
valve construction, efficiency OF piston
rings, and other features OF this kind
increase or decrease the engine power
A weii-designed engine such az tbs
Hudson will show more power on less
consumption of gasoline than vii
some other engines on larger guam
tity and higher test. Almost the only
advantage OF high test gasoline Is IL
the case OF starting. and In the pos
sible slightly less carbon deposits.
A good wrinkle TO use for startins
in cold weather is TO keep on hand 8
combination of gasoline with sinai
quantity OF suiphurtc ether A drof
or two OF this In the printing cups. oil
few spoonstul In the air intake will
start almost any stubborn motor ir
the coolest weather. Hudson owner.
do not need this, as the engine II
readily started by the electric self
cranker. But it's q handy thing &
know.
The "Six" a Real Triumph.
How universally the motoring lux
uries OF yesterday have become tht
common eonveneiences OF today j:
pointed out by James G. Heaslet. chse'
engineer of the Studebaker corpora
ton, who cites demountaole rims
electric lights and starters. wid'
range of dash equipment. rear axl.
transmission, dropped frames and
many other improvements, all triec
out in their first form as exclusive
features of costly cars but now IN
cluded generally as standard In pop
ular priced models.
And now" ne declares, I'VE have
the six-cyunder motor--two or thre.
years ago big. cumbersome. whim
steal and costly; now light, faithful