The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1913-07-14
w. Il. AInssey.

W. II. hnSsey' once. But If y put
cotton seed meal fish scrap *
age in the soil. 1t must go through va
rious changes By the action Of the soil
bacteria before plants can use IT, One
form Of bactcrium breaks down the
organic matter and releases ammonia
Another form feeds on ammonia and
makes nitritcs in the soil. third
form uses the nitr!tcs and makes nitric
acid by the oxidation of this material
ana nitric acid at once seeks q base
In tho soil either lime or potash or
soda. and nitrate is formed that
plants can use II is evident then that
II Is always best to use both nitrate
OF SODA and some of the organic forms
that carry nitrogen. AS the nitrate is
used up AT once. and the organic mat
ter. coming in more slowly. carries on
the later growth. Phosphoric acid and
potash placed In the soil stay right
there I'LL used by plants. Nitrates not
used viii wash out Of the soil. but the
phosphoric acid and potash do not. and
viii remain till used. Their effect can
be seen in crops for three or four years
when literally applied. Nitrogen does
not cvaporate unless II is changed to
volatile form OF ammonia like tho
carbonate This Will evaporate rapidly.
Hence we should never mix carbonate
Of lime with organic nitrogen or ma
uurc.
pench Trees Failing.
VIII you Il possible tell me what
is tho matter with my peach trees.
and what To do for then7 / planted
them three years ago. They bore last
year and are bearing now. TWO trees
have 5cgun 70 turn yellow and die and
tho fruit is rottiug. II seems that
the trees Will die They have been
sprayed Water and spring. Is there
such disease AZ the ycllows. and is
there any remedy FOR it?' Yes. there
certainly is very destructive disease
called the yenows. and there is no
-
can be done is TO dig up and burn the
trees to prevent It's spreading. But
am not sure that your trees have
the ycllows. the mere turning yellow
~ tho leaves IS not q certain indlca-
ton. II may result from lack OF plant
food IN the SOIL or from drought or
from tho roots being damaged by the
borcrs. In the true ycllows the first
Indication IS the putting out OF punches
OF thin. Why shoots not tho strong
natural growth Then the fruit grows
spotted and r!pens preInaturcly, and
anally tho leaves turn yellow and drop
ana the tree dies Better examine the
base o. the trees. and II there IS gum
mere, take "a knit and scrape 1t away
and follow up the damaged bark tin
you ma I'll. borer that IS eating the
tree II thsr,- ara no borers then II
may be lack OF plant FOOD, and you
should give the trees an application OF
{. high-gradc fertilizer spread out
where tho limbs drip and no, UP
around thn stem. This may help them.
BuyinE Manure.
do you thing that IL would be pyac-
ticacic 10 snip manure from the city
IN car loads a, II cents per c. 20 i'm
prove rundown land II not practical
is II as good "A method TO run the Land
In rcd clover for n few years. or
you'd IL n better TO follow oats with
iieas. and thtn rye as winter cover
Ea, ha fr.i n
on manure Is II cents per hundred
weight. Il will certainly not pay. In
fact It hardly pays TO freight city
manure FOR general farm crops. The
truckers where live buy large guam
titles OF manure from New York city.
and pay s290 per ton for It delivered
at the station With their higher
priced crops they make II pry, but on
the farm IL would not pay At this
price. What you need IS q regular rO-
tation II crops adhered to year after
year. growing lcgumes like peas and
crimson clover at every opportuni,y.
= good short rotation would be corn.
with peas sown among II at last cul-
AVIATION. Corn cut and cured IN
shocks. and X peas arc not too rank.
disk them down we'll with the disk
harrow going over and over both
Ways and then. with a disk drill, sow
oats In September
After harvcs, break the oats stubblc
well and prepare the land and drill
cowpeas in with wheat drill set TO SOW
two bushels OF wheat an acre Nov
the peas for hay and disk the stubble
we'll and oats again. and follow
this crop also with peas for hay. and
this pea stubblc SOW crimson clover
seed fifteen pounds an acre in Scptcm-
Der, and during the winter get out on
this clover all the manure as fast
made, and in spring turn all under
for corn and repeat the rotation This
will rapidly build in the soil. and be
far more profitable than buying ma
nurc. The oats should have about 300
pounds Of acid phosphate and twenty
pounds OF muriatc OF potash an acre
After time 1t will be found that the
peas in the corn grow too rank to
disk down and then they should be
cut for hay. Or. instead OF two crops
OF oats you might wheat after
the first pea crop. and SOW red clover
on II in the spring, and let this clover
he mown one season, and the follow
ing winter get out your manure on
it ana turn for corn again. This Will
give YOU the same number OF years In
the rotation, and but one small grain
crop. Rye will answer as winter
cover, where it is too late to SOW the
crimson clover. but the clover is many
times better.
AphIs on Cherry Trees.
The leaves my cherry trees are
covered with little black bugs. What
is the trouble?"
Doubtless they are the black aphs
or plant lice. Spray the trees with n
strong decoction made by sleeping to-
bacco stems In boiling water and let
ting it cool before using.
/ have some land. fairly fertile, but
it bakes hard after rain 1 sowed 1t
once in rye and then worked 1t in pea
nuts. but 1t turns up In cakes How
can l make this soil more mellow"
The land bakes hard because 1t lacks
organic matter humus. Getting
vegetable decay into It is the only
way to mellow stiff soil. Grow peas
and let them mature and turn the whole
growth under, and then SOW crimson
clover and manure this in winter and
turn under for corn in spring, and at
once you Will find some difference Sow
peas In the corn and disk them down
l have suggested above. and SOW
Auin nj tor ON nd INnllA1u