davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Blackfoot optimist. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1907-1918, 1913-01-30
Dome site Science Club Meeting

The Domestic Science Club of Sprin,
field will meet with Mrs. Mary Scott
Wednesday afternoon, February 5th
Education will be the general topic.
Luncheon at one O'Clock
Mary d. Snyder, Secretary
The Blackfoot optimist. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1907-1918, 1913-01-30
w. W. WOOD Possessed Money Making

w. w. Wood, who is rapidly es'ab-
fishing a reputation as an owner of
fine dairy stock, purchased on the
ninth day of January Jersey Durham
COW, and that COW has developed an
enviable record In seven days she
gave 339 pounds of milk without the
cream, from which seventeen pounds
Of butter has been made. Her milk
tests out 5J2 butter fat. Mr.. Wood
invites anyone who wishes to, to come
to his dairy farm east Of town, weigh
the milk of this COW and convince
themselves that she is as coed as he
claims.
The Blackfoot optimist. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1907-1918, 1913-01-30

Mr.. and Mrs. E., Munson, of Shelley
were visitors in town Wednesday. Mr..
Munson is president of the Shell y
Irrigation district.
The Blackfoot optimist. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1907-1918, 1913-01-30
Card Of Thanks

We desire to thank all who assisted
us and offered condolences during tho
sickness and after the death of our
wife and daughter.
Will c. Weiand.
d. w. Zeigler and family
The Blackfoot optimist. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1907-1918, 1913-01-30
NOTICE TO STOVE USERS

People having Majestic ranges for
sale should see N. F. Boyle & Co. first
They know the value and will pay the
highest cash price for them. 2t adv.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-06-01

Overs. No silk can be ready for market
without passing through the dye houses
The iyers realize this. and have been -he
most defiant stii"ers.
In connection with the dveing Of silk
one thing Of interest TO the public has
been brought out during the strike-that
is the loading or weighing Of silk with
metal salts. IT is in the dye houses that
silk is dipped in these heavy liquids. This
is form Of adulteration by which other
wise thin and fimsy fabric IS made TO
seem substantial. The chemicals rot the
fibre This revelation explains why many
a taneta petticoat has fallen In holes
hanging or its hook I'm the closet.
The demands Of the strikers are: An
eight-hour day and the abolition OF the
three and four loom system. They feel
that il is too much of a physical hardship
for one man to operate three or four
looms. besides decreasing his pay. They
want a general increase IN pay OF y per
cent and a minimum wage for dyers OF
So a week In 1894 a wage scale was
forced upon them which was more than
their present demands.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-06-01
THINGS COMMENDED FOR.

A large part OF the energy OF the
strikers has been directed toward the
maintenance of the rights Of free speech
and free assemblage. All the leaders have
in turn been arrested on charges Of UNI
lawful assemblage obstructing and inter
fcring with traffic. and another charge OF
melting 10 riot. The authorities have
backed this last charge with a law oil
colonial New Jersey. passed in the reign
Of Charles II. The grand jury had on
il at one time four silk manufacture
crs. the head or tho local Edison com
pany, but no one OF the working class.
Several hundred Of the strikers have been
i'm jail for "picketing" there is no law
against picketing. The two meeting halls
have been closed 10 their meetings by the
authorities on the charge OF being dis
orderly places Meetings in the open were
stopped on the charge OF unlawful as
semblage. They have had 10 hold their
meetings i'm the town of Haledon. where
the Mayor Is friendly to them. one OF
the leaders. Patrick Quinlan, has been
tried and convicted on the charge Of in
citing To riot, for statements alleged to
have been made at a meeting which he
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-06-01
cT Jazaay AzGezz1g Of 0Azke10
A First Hand Study Of the Conditions That
Preceded and Attend This Prolonged
Labor Dispute-What Big Bill
Haywood Has to Say Of the |.
w. W. and of the Strike

union'-"al stick together their idea
for organization. \ tense and silent war
exists-the employers organized together
behind the closed factory doors and brass
name plates. the workers i'm the open
field struggling TO keep a solid front and
uubroken ranks
The strikers left the mills in February
because Of the following conditions
Wages have gone down an average OF
one third in Paterson silk mills mn the last
ten years. The average wage as stated
by the employers is s. 81 a week. includ-
ing foremen. This average is gotten by
dividing the total factory payroll by the
total number of employees. The strikers
claim. because of loss of time. the real
earning average by the year is more Ike
81 or s. week. one highly skilled
weaver told me that he formerly received
E. 81 d DAY when there was work He
now receives E. 81 day when there Is
work Another expert weaver. d woman.
said she formerly would have as high as
$50 in her weekly pay envelope. The week
before the strike was called she had 81 81
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-06-01
THE /. w. w. SLOGAN.

"Tbe slogan adopted was one big
union in each industry and all industries
amalgamated into an industrial democ-
racy. where the welfare of each member
would be taken into accountant injury
to one. an injury 10 all. With this form
of organization. If necessary for one de-
partment to go on strike, the entire shop
could be- called out 10 support II, or the
entire industry could be called out. the
idea being 20 extend the ramihcations OF
support TO all industries If necessary. "r
create "A general strike This is brief
synopsis OF the ideas that permeated the
convention that gave birth TO the |. W. w.
''One reason for the organization or
workers is that at present the great
shareholders in industry are like absent
landlords They have no personal touch
with employees They are interested only
I'm dividends, and have no care for the
welfare Of workers. The workers must
themselves organize for care.
THE American Federation OF Labor
stands for a fair days work The l. w.
W. stands for the abolition of the wages
system. The American Federation OF
Labor accepts the present institutions. and
enters into time contracts with them. The
/. W. ". is militantly progressive and
demands change.
"The international Workers of the
World in Paterson has about ten thou
sand members. belonging TO all nationali-
ties. OF the strikers in Paterson about
one-fourth are Italians. one-third Ger
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-06-01
THE WONDERFUL VISIT.

we'll known insurance official said the
other day at the Auditorium, in Chicago:
"In the beginning OF my career. when
I was only a humble insurance agent
gained access one morning TO the august
and formidable presence of J. Pierpont-
Morgan"
MOI
Yes" the official insisted: yes. it's
fact. Don't ask me how did il. though.
for that's a secret But, at 10 o'clock one
morning. behold me. a young insurance
agent. standing before the desk Of the
great J. Pierpont with my big envelope
OF life and death statistics. twenty-year
endov ments, and so forth. in my hand.
was. | have since learned. the first and
only insurance agent who ever managed
to meet Mr. Morgan face to face"
We'll, what happened"
MIR. Morgan, | began hurriedly, YOU
ought to carry more life insurance. You
see, sir
And lucidly and cogenty | laid my
insurance proposition before the great
hnancier.
''He listened in silence. Those fierce
blue eyes of his bored through me like
lances. When | stopped. at last. all he
said was
How did you get in here?'
~ walked in. | answered
We'll, said he. walk out
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-06-01
EunG1a77 Of Iz0aSJLzIz0

delegates representing all kinds OF labor
ORGANIZATIONS and personal opinions. a
call for this convention had been issued
at "a conference held iu January previous.
There were present Mother Jones Eu-
gene Y. Dehs and others equally promi-
ucut in the labor movement The call set
forth the fact that pure trade unionlsm
was not adequate TO cope with the trusts
fully developed al that time. You VIII re-
member that ten years ago the labor
movement had met with defeat Hundreds
and thousands OF workers I'm the authra-
cite strike compromised through the Rail
road Commission. The teamsters' strike
In Chicago WAS lost at the same time.
The Butchers Union in the packing
houses. stronger than ever before, was
wiped out The Colorado labor war, the
hardest fought battle that had ever taken
place, was being fought. These defeats
confronted the workers. Evidently new
method OF organization was necessary 10
cope with the trusts that had established
factories and mills employing thousands
of workers under one roof. Production
had become 50 centralized that every
worker. no matter how skilled, was de-
pcndent on his fellows, as no individual
produced the finished article, each doing
a specialized part. With socialized pro-
duction trades and crafts had been almost
eliminated. The new form of unionlsm as
outlined in the preamble Of the constitu-
ton OF the /. W. ". brought TO the atteh-
tion for the first time the necessity Tor
organizing as the employers assembled
them in the works without regard TO Vo-
cation, department or kind Of machine OPP
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-06-01
PEACEFUL METHODS.

Folded arms and hands I'm pockets, this
has been the constant attitude Of the
strikers. Dumb and blind nou-resistance.
as dumb and blind as the idle factories.
Love for their leaders. Eager attendance
al meetings. Patient heartening Of their
fellows Waiting-waiting- seems 10 be
what they are doing in Paterson. Mothers
with babies on their arms. Fathers with
their Sunday clothes on. that they have
been in the habit of wearing once week.
All the rest of Paterson seems to be
afraid Of being deprived Of its living.
Shopkeepers wait with anxious eyes for
the strike To end. Preachers eNhort them
10 obedience to their employers. The
press suggests hanging the leaders and
imprisoning the strikers on bread and
water II the strike does not end the
town which supports the silk industry
seems 10 see itself going out OF existence.
The striking organization is called the
Industrial Workers of the World. The
leaders I'm the strike are Official organizers
IN the /. W. W. ! went to strike head
quarters to find one who could tell me
about the scheme and history OF this or
ganizatiou called the !. W w Strike
headquarters are located in Helvetia Hall
In a lower room called the dining room.
dingy linoleum-covere bare except for
a few crude chairs and tables, found
HAYWOOD. lie is called affectionately
Big Bill" Groups of strikers In com
mittee meetings sat In different corners
talking earnestly. Haywood left his pile
Of correspondence spread on red table
cloth to speak TO me.
Here is what he told me:
The first convention of the |. W. W.
WAS held In Chicago In 1905. There were
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-06-01
JSlzazrz9 Ike
CHZZdTeN e7GI'o7H

The dycing Of silk is distinct part OF :
the industry. u is done in separate fac .
tories In the dye houses tho work IS par
ucularlv unhealthful. The floors are COW
cred with water. The air is filled with
steam. The men work thirteen hours 81.
the MINT shift and eleven hours ON the F.
dav shift Their skin becomes coloreo .
with the dyes that they use. Constantly
their hands are iu chemicals that corrod" .
the flesh and sometimes eat of thc finger
nails II is often necessary for men 10
lay off when their hands are in such bad .
condition that they cannot use them, It
i. said the whole industry hangs on the
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-06-01

did not attend. over hundred persons
testified that he had not made the state
ments AZ the meeting. Tho most dra-
matte event Of the strike has been the
killing OF Modestino. "a striker. lie was
shot by private detective while standing
in his own doorway with his baby in his
arms His wife gave birth TO a child on
the night or his death. The Paterson
press expresses itself as being thankful
that there has been no violence on the
part OF the strikers. II seems that when
the meetings have been broken up they
have gone peacefully away.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-06-01
DIFFERENT FROM TRADE UNIONS.

This is different from the familiar
trade unions. These are formed 10y all
members Of each craft banding them
selves together The bricklayers form
a union. the stone masons a union, the
carpenters union and so on OF course
these all meet in general labor conven-
lions They have an afiiliation known as
the American Federation Of Labor. But
the affiliation is loose one.
We are used TO seeing building going
on with the stone masons at work. while
the bricklayers were on strike the
bricklayers at work while the stone
masons were on strike; both bricklayers
and stone masons at work. while the
plumbers or plasterers or the carpenters
we're on strike. These craft unions.
while strong enough IN themselves. have
been so loosely affiliated that often II
has been impossible for them to organize
sympathetic strikes is, strikes
made by one union to help another al
ready on strike. This is the most inn
portant difference between the organiza-
ton known as the Industrial Workers
of the World and the various crafts or
caniZations known as the American Fed
Grafton of Labor. There seems to be
little chaos i'm its conception
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-06-01

IL seems dudltNlSllc 10 NlOct WIZ w
not understand its programme. There is
no aim to overthrow the government.
There is plan to make governing BODY
of the workers. This will have no con-
nection with our general government or
any other government II simply does
away with the need Of national govern
ment for the workers. 1t takes care of
all OF the needs of the workers itself
SOCIALISM AND I. w. w.
The menace Of socialism to the estab-
lshed system is nothing compared to the
menace of the Industrial Workers Of the
World Socialism combats capitalism
with its own weapon, the ballot It's ann
is 10 take over government and with II
industry. for the working class. The
Industrial Workers of the World estao-
fishes a government of its own com
pIeteIy organized. to carry on all the
functions Of government utterly disInct
and apart from established government.
as we know it, Instead of trying TO over
throw government with anarchy, as mas
been so many times stated, IL sets 10 an
organization OF its own as complete as
any that has been conceived.
The most insidious quality Of the Indus
trial Workers of the World programme Is
the education of the workers to under
stand their own power. a strike may be
lost one strike more or less does not
count in this war-and IT has become war.
To the Industrial Workers of the Norid
rthese are only skirmishes on the side une9
and leave behind them a sort of continu-
Gus picket line. They calculate to eAtend
this picket line around the earth.
! We have grown used to our labor war
IOroanizations of workers TO night the
manufacturers organizations OF manu-
/ facturers 10 light the workers, Strikes
violence labor trials in our courts are
definite part of our national life. The
public stands by helpless, unconscious OF
the fact that it lies between the neither
and the hither milestone. Sooner or later
II will be forced to line up on one side
or the other as all sorts Of production,
on the one hand, and all sorts Of employ
ment. on the other hand, fall under
inevitable organizations.
one of the features of the strike VIII
be pageant in Madison Square Garden
on the night OF Saturday, June I. More
| than a thousand workers, some OF them
women and children, will march to New
York from Paterson to enact before a
! New York audience the scenes that have
taken place since the strike began. There
will be five acts, covering the time from
the morning when the strikers hrst
! poured out of the mills TO the latest mass
meeting The scenes will show the pick
citing in the early morning-a continuous
/ chain OF workers going around and
around the mills; the arrest and trial OF
| the leaders; the funeral of Modcstino
/ Valentino, the striker who was shot by
a detective on his doorstep with his baby
/ in his arms. II promises to be the big
/ gest pageant ever given in any theatre
/ in New York City. And IL is, of course
/ the only one ever planned and enacted
/ by striking workers. Among actors and
dramatists IL has made quite a stir as an
/ artistic event. while social workers look
/ upon IL as A new method of presenting
] social prOblcmS.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-06-01

Another weaver told me that he and his
wife together 90 not make so much as ne
used 10 make alone One little fifteen
year-od girl told me she got 81 IS the
week before the strike Another girl got
81 o.. another g. p. another 81 g. They
showed me their pay envelopes. An
other man with a family told me he
received 81 for two weeks. Some dyers
told me they had received an aver
age OF s.. some S. some IS. one man
got SIS for two weeks work. Others
get more-one very skilled weaver had
averaged for the last year $l3 week
These offset the very low wages Of others
to bring the average up The average
wage. as stated by the employer IS 500
week. including superintendent. The
average wage stated by the strikers, in
GLIDING only workers Is s. 10 3 week.
THE WAGE DECREASES.
The strikers claim that proportion OF
the decreases las been brought about
by the new three and four loom systems.
In this system a weaver makes three or
-four breadths of silk on a loom at one
time. Formerly he made not more than
two. The time losses Ut httpii6 DoNNi''
going on four separate looms are much
greater than I'm watching and caring ior
two looms Wages have been cut on the
ASSUMPTION that weaver can weave
twice as much on four looms as he can
on two looms. doing piecework. II seems
that ne cannot one striker TO whom l
talked told me that on the two loom sys-
tenn ne LOT eleven cents yard MAKING
the same silk for which he now gets SIX
cents yard II would seem That MS
wages would be slightly more. But ne
loses time in keeping bobbins going on
four separate looms over watching them
on two looms: he loses time from the IN
crease Of space to cover. with four strips
Of thirty-siX-inch silk lie has twelve feet
20 pass over back and forth; with Two
strips OF thirty-six-inch silk he had for
merly only six feet to cover; he also
loses time from the possibility OF more
mistakes. which must be picked out
These losses have brought down ms
wages one-third. This man is an expert
Most OF the workers have a ten-hour
day. These hours. with the additional
strain OF running the more complicated
machines, they claim, make conditions OF
work intolerabe
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-06-01

man and jew and the remainder are
largely English-speaking."
Ii h. said that the J. W w. has no
programme. that il is chaotic. anarchis-
tic. violent The method Of organization
d.. the most ingenious ever presented to
the working class The plan In brief is
as follows The workers In each separate
community are organized into local chap
tiers OF the I. ". W. Each separate shop
in the community is organized as shop.
II is a subdivision Of the local organiza-
ton. There are also subdivisions for each
kind of labor. Thus, in silk mill
weaver would have these connections for
the mutual protection Of himself and
workers. He would belong to the local
organization. Through 1t he would con-
slider and act upon all matters affecting
the welfare OF workers in the town. he
would belong 10 his shop organization,
made up Of all the fellow employees In his
factory He would also meet with all
weavers OF the town for the particular
welfare of weavers. These subdivisions
are only for convenience in handling the
general business OF the local organization.
Then there IS provision for conven-
tions Of representatives from chapters
all over the country and all over the
world to consider the problems that are
more general. Thus it becomes possible
10 have a strike in a community OF
workers at any one kind of labor. as all
the weavers or all the dyers. There can
be a strike of all shops of one kind. as
all the machine shops or all the shoe
factories. There can he strike OF
every worker in the whole town on any
100 or every job. from the Italian VINO
digs i'm a ditch to the most skilled artl-
san. There can be strike OF all work
crs of any number Of communities or
any number of industries. There can
he a strike involving the whole country
or the whole world. should the organiza-
tion grow strong enough.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-06-01

Some dealers consider an egg new laid
ill il is seven days old. others until It Is
ffteef
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-06-01
THE STRIKE.

There Is strike iu Paterson II in
Guides all of the 25.400 silk workers. and
the 500 mills are idle. There has been no
silk manufactured for fourteen weeks.
\ recent visit I made 10 the scene OF
this strike was on a sunday. Early IN
the strike the authorities closed the city
Of Paterson 10 the Sunday mass meetings.
The strikers moved their meetings held
on that day % HaledOn. a small adjacent
tCwn Here the one policeman of the
town. a little fellow. feet inches hish'
has as yet had nothing 10 do but enjoy
the speeches. The efficiency Of the police
force OF Haledon. has become one oil the
stock jokes Of the striking silk workers
i was easy 10 find the scene OF tins
Sunday meeting All Paterson was NOV
ing toward IT, The streetcars were hlied'
oyerfowing. with people hanging on the
steps. But most Of Paterson was walk
Ing Five cents mas come 10 mean LOAF
OF bread rather than a streetcar ride IN
this fourteenth week Of the strike. There
were 1000 people. so they say, IN TINS
unOrganized parade 10 HaledOn ~ any
rate, the line stretched out two miles
long. They were moving past the dead
mills, three hundred Of them. There were
men. women and children; sweethearts
walking uaively hand in hand, men with
Old men on their arms; women with baby
carriages. family groups. Many were sing
ing the "Marseillaise" and some word
less song OF the French Revolution. All
Of them we're orderly and seemed happy
though pinchcd with hunger after four
teen weeks Of idleness. This, / am told
Is the regular Sunday scene in Paterson,
and has been for more than three
months Almost the entire line. except
children under fourteen, were workers
actua1tt -, et~it,o
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-06-01
STREET SCENES.

The streets | passed through were mar
row. The houses which lined them were
small and gray. set alongside and oppos-
tie blind mills When / looked upon the
vacant fields used for meeting place
they were already dark with thousands
Of closely packed heads. Of men with
folded arms. with hands in the pockets
Hands that had been turning looms
some for twenty years. some for more,
some for less Around me were open
spaces scggy and marshy IN spots,
lacked by partly despoiled woods. A
pressed stone" house with an upper
porch stood alone. Presently the mass
Of people quivered and broke into cheers.
speaker had appeared on the upper
porch. a series OF speeches followed
characterized by the daily press as fiery.
Inc burden OF the speeches was picket!
fleket! Picket, 4 strike is won on the
PICKET line. No violence-but pickett
ans seems TO be the slogan OF the
Suike. The picket line is a borrowed
military term. II means "On guard over
your job" They use IL for the educa-
uon Of the worker not yet billed with
strike spirit. They want him 10 join with
'oided arms and hands in the pockets. in
'oelr effort 10 get more wages out of the
profits made by the mills When he
'oesn't join them they call him ''scab'
sho look upon him as traitor TO his
'sss lie is held up by the endless chain
Oh workers going around and around the
mills The conditions Of the strike are
Explained 10 him and he Is persuaded TO
>Sep away from the mills. zone big