davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Arvada enterprise., 1913-07-03

the morning OF July l. He dispatched
high ground above Gettysburg was
the proper place to meet the enemy.
Not long after this message was sent
to Meade General Reynolds who dis.
patched it, was killed. He was on
horseback near patch OF woods with
his force confronting large detach
ment of Confederate troops which was
coming toward them, These troops of
the enemy were dispersed by the
Union batteries and Reynolds was
watching the successful solid shot
and shrapnel onset when bullet
struck him in the head killing him in.
stantly.
General Abner Doubleday succeeded
Reynolds in command of the troops
at that point OF the field. A brigade
Of Confederates, a Mississippi organi-
zation, charged the Union forces
broke their organization and succeed.
ed in making prisoners Of a large part
of New York regiment. Later these
men were recaptured and the Missis
sippi brigade was driven back, a por-
ton of 1t surrendering. In the fight
on the first day at this point of the
field or near 1t, one Union regiment
the 151st Pennsylvania. lost in killed
and wounded 1877 men out OF a total
Of 446 In little more than a quarter
of an hours fight
General Doubleday fell back to Sem
mary Ridge and extended his line.
The forces employed against him
here were greater than his own, and
after hard fighting Seminary Ridge
was given up. The first days battle
was in effect and In truth a victory
for the Southern arms On the night
Of July l General Hancock arrived
and succeeded in rallying the Union
forces and putting new heart into the
men. General Meade on that night
ordered the entire army to Gettys-
burg.
Victory Not Followed Up.
For some reason or other perhaps
unknown to this day, what was virtu-
ally Confederate victory on the first
Of July was not followed up by Gen
eral Lee early on the next morning
General Meade therefore succeeded In
strengthening his lines and in pre-
pairing for the greater conflict One
end Of the Union line was some dis
lance east of Cemetery Hill on Rock
Creek, another end was at Round Top
something more than two miles be-
yond Cemetery Hill to the south The
Confederate line confronting it was
somewhat longer.
1t is impossible in a brief sketch of
this battle to give the names of the
brigade and the regimental comman-
ders and the names of the regiments
which were engaged on both sides in
this great battle. Meade, Hancock,
Howard, Slocum and Sickles with
their men were confronting Lee,
Longstreet Hill, Ewell and the other
great commanders of the South with
their men. The line of battle with the
spaces in between the different COM
mands was nearly ten miles. 1t was
the Confederate generals intention to
attack at the extreme right and left
and at the center simultaneously. 1t
to turn the left flank of the Union
army and to break It," Longstreet's
intended movement was discovered in
time to have it met valiantly. The
battle of the second day really be-
gan with Longstreet's advance. The
The Arvada enterprise., 1913-07-03

Northern soil the chances of foreign
Intervention or at least foreign aid to
the Southern cause, would be forth
coming.
General Robert e. Lee late in the
spring OF 1868. made his preparations
TO conduct his campaign Northward
into the state of Pennsylvania. He
had under his command three CORPS,
General James Longstreet command.
Ing the First, General Richard S.
Ewell commanding the Second and
General A. p. Hill commanding the
Third, In the Union army which aft.
erward confronted Lee at Gettysburg,
there were seven corps, but the num-
Der Of men In each was much less
than that in a Confederate corps. the
military composition of each being
different. The Union corps comman-
ders who under Meade were at Get.
tysburg, we're Generals John f. Rey.
nolds, W S. Hancock, Daniel Il.
Sickles, George Sykes, John Sedgwick,
o. o. Howard and II. W Slocum
Forces Almost Evenly Matched.
III never mas DseH ueleTHllheu ne
yond the point OF all dispute Just how
many men we're engaged on each side
in the battle OF Gettysburg. 1t is
known that the armies were very
nearly equal in strength, the proba.
bilities being that the Confederate
force was few thousand men strong
er than the Union force, a difference
which was balanced perhaps by the
fact that the Union armies at Gettys.
burg we're lighting in defense OF their
The Arvada enterprise., 1913-07-03

was ordered to make Its way into the
Susquehanna Valley through the town
Of Gettysburg and then to turn In its
course after destroying railroads and
gathering in supplies, and to meet the
Confederate commander with the main
army at Harrisburg.
1t was General Jubal A. Early Of
General Lees command, who reached
Gettysburg after a long hard march
on June &c. From there he went to
the town OF York and from thence to
Wrightsville. At this place he was
ordered by General Lee to retrace his
steps and to bring his detachment
back to camp near Gettysburg.
When Early aid obeyed Lees order
and had reached point near Gettys-
burg he found the entire Southern
force was camped within easy strik-
ing distance of the now historic town
In the meantime things were hap
pening elsewhere. General Hooker
in command of the Union army which
had been depleted at Charlottesville.
had succeeded in out-maneuvering
General Stuart in command of Lees
cavalry, had got around Stuarts COM
mand in way to prevent the South.
ern general from forming junction
with the forces of his chief comman-
der. Lee gave over the proposed
movement on Harrisburg when he
heard of Hookers approach and
brought the different parts of his
army together.
-Four days before the Gettysburg
fight began General Hooker resigned
as commander of the Union army.
Hooker and General Hallock dis
agreed upon matter concerning
which strategists today say that Gen
eral Hooker was right. Three days
before the battle began, that is June
rs, 1862 General George Gordan
Meade was named as General Hook
ers successor in charge of the North
ern army. General Meade at once
went into the field and established
his headquarters at a point ten or
twelve miles south of the town of
Gettysburg.
Armies Meet at Gettysburg.
IL seems that General Lee on hear
Ing that Stuart had not succeeded in
checking the Union army's advance
had made up his mind to turn south
ward to meet the force of Hooker, or
as 1t turned out the force Of Meade.
Lee with his force had advanced
north beyond Gettysburg, while Meade
| with his force was south of the town.
The fields near the Pennsylvania vii
lage had not been picked as a place OF
battle, but there 1t was that the two
great armies came together and for
three days struggled for the mas
terry.
On the last day OF June the day
before the real battle Of Gettysburg
began, General Reynolds, a corps
commander of the Union army, went
forward to feel out the enemy He
reached Gettysburg by nghtfall. His
| corps. the First, together with the
Third and the Eleventh Infantry
Corps with division Of cavalry, com.
posed the Union armys left wing
The Fifth Army Corps was sent to
Hanover, southeast of Gettysburg,
and the Twelfth Corps was immedi-
ately south OF Gettysburg at a dis.
lance of eight or nine miles. This
was on June 30. and the Union forces
were fairly well separted, but they
we're converging and Gettysburg was
their objective.
General Reynolds OF the Union
forces arrived at Gettysburg earlu on
The Arvada enterprise., 1913-07-03

L ogical

Little Robbie had ben refused n
second dish Of Ice cream. his grand.
ma had told him that It would cause
him pain In tho stomach
While out walking with his uncle
one afternoon they CHANGED 10 see n
horse that had been taken sick. Rob
bic was informed by his uncle that the
horse had a pain In the stomach.
Gazing at the helpless animal, the
boy asked Uncle, did the horse have
Two plates Of ice Crcam2'
The Arvada enterprise., 1913-07-03

Some people think It queer that we
have no female hftcr.dlnner speak.
ers. but there IL nothing queer about
II. Women tell all they know before
dinner is half over.
The Arvada enterprise., 1913-07-03

SHOW me some tiaras, please. !
want one for my wife"
"Yes, sir About what price7"
well at such u price that can
say DO you sec that woman with tho
tiara? She is my wife. Pearson's
Weekly.
The Arvada enterprise., 1913-07-03
Puzzled Missourisn.

VIII some one explain why some
people who are Invariably late at
church need no bell 10 call them to the
moving. picture show oh tine:
Ashland tidings. [volume] (Ashland, Or.) 1876-1919, 1913-04-03
Test for Color blindness.

The various tests for color blind
ness have come into practical use in
the examination of railroad engineers
and the like, where the ability to
distinguish colors is necessary, so
that these tests are no longer pc
culiar to the labor atory. But it is
not generally known outside the lab
oratory that everybody is partially
color blind-that Is, in certain parts
of the field of vision. The most nor
NAL individual can see all the colors
only when he looks directly at them.
If looked at from an angle of about
10 degrees, red and green can no
longer be seen, but in their places
will appear shades of yellow or blue.
This region of the eye is known as
the yellow-blue zone. If the color
be moved still farther to the side,
the yellow and blue will Disappear
and only gray can be seen. This re-
6AOll 10 hAO"u do INC LOlC Vi COll-
plete color blindness. An interesting
theory in regard to these zones is
that every normal eye represents
three stages of evolution. The zone
of complete color blindness is the
lowest stage, and appears in such
animals as the frog, whose vision is
known as shadow vision. The blue
yellow zone is one step higher in the
scale, although not clearly marked
off in the animal kingdom. And the
appearance of the red-green zone
marks the highest stage of evolution.
Cases of color blindness are, accord
ing to this theory, lack of develop
ment beyond the early stage in the
individual life.-Professor Poffenber-
ger in Strand Magazine.
Ashland tidings. [volume] (Ashland, Or.) 1876-1919, 1913-04-03
Seven Thousand at Work.

San Francisco, April 2.-Seven
thousand men will be at work on
the exhibits palaces of the Panama
Pacific international Exposition be-
fore the summer is over. AS high as
10000 men will be employed when
the labor peak is reached. This
number is exclusive of those who will
be employed in the construction of
state buildings and foreign pavilions.
The states and foreign nations, it is
expected, will conform to the pace
set by the exposition company in the
work of construction.
The plans of the magnificent
courts, the designs for the imposing
sculpture and the sketches of the
mural paintings and decorations are
nearing completion. Contracts for
many of the groups of statuary and
for many of the mural paintings
have already been let to prominent
artists and sculptors in San Fran
cisco, New York and other cities of
the United States. The direction of
the color work has been entrusted to
Jules Guerin, and Karl Bitter has
charge of the sculpture.
Ashland tidings. [volume] (Ashland, Or.) 1876-1919, 1913-04-03
A Missionary Explorer.

David Livingston, the centenary of
whose birth has just been celebrated
throughout the world, was a mission
ary of the type of La Sale and
Marquette-stirred by two passions,
one to take the word of God into the
wilderness. the other to learn what
the wilderness was like. what kind
OF human beings peopled it, what
prospects it held out for final
Christianization.
The name of Livingstone is linked
in history with the name of Henry
NJ. Stanley The two men might
seem to have had little in common,
for Livingstone was stirred by the
spirit of proselyting, while Stanley,
a soldier OF fortune, felt only the stir
and desire of adventure. Livingstone
was a calm, even-tempered man,
kindly and considerate by nature
Stanley, at least in later life. was
irrascible and impatient with opposi-
tion. Always he was ambitious for
himself. Yet these two men became
closely attached to each other.
Stanley wrote to a friend: -Four
months and four days l lived with
Livingstone, in the same house, or
in the same boat, or in the same
tent, and l never found a fault with
him." Which was the journalists
way of giving high praise.
The dark places into which the
missionary penetrated at the risk of
his life are as safe today as the po-
lice-guarded street of a great city.
The tourist is taken by rail to the
falls of the Zambesi, which Living
stone was the first white man to be-
hold. Cattle feed upon the long
grass he had to push his way
through. And here and there are
spires showing against the horizon,
such monuments to him as the strong
and gentle missionary-explorer could
scarcely have dreamed of appearing
within a hundred years of his birth.
Ashland tidings. [volume] (Ashland, Or.) 1876-1919, 1913-04-03
Apple Rust.

Harper's Weekly: When the cider
press is in operation there may be
observed certain deep, rich, golden
brown or golden red colors assumed
by the juices of the apples as they
gather in the receptacles. This
characteristic hue of cider is almost
as pleasing to the eye as the flavor
of the fresh, sweet juice is to the
sense of taste.
A French chemist has shown that
the apple containing an oxidizing fer
ment which produces the brownish or
reddish color of the cider The man
ner in which this substance produces
oxidation can readily be observed by
any one who cuts an apple open and
leaves it exposed for a short time to
the air. The cut surface gradually
turns red as the oxygen of the air
unites with the juice; in a word, the
apple rusts.
Rusting of an apple may also be
brought about by simply bruising the
fruit without breaking the skin.
Everybody knows that apples that
have fallen violently to the ground
show red or rusty spots underneath
the bruised rind. In this case the
oxygen is derived from the air con-
tanned in the ducts or interstices
among the tissues of the fruit, and
it becomes active through the break
ing of the cells that enclose the oxi-
dizing ferments.
If an apple is cooked before its
skin is broken its tissues do not oxi-
dize when exposed to the air. This
is explained on the supposition that
the oxidizing properties of the fer
ment are destroyed by heat,
Ashland tidings. [volume] (Ashland, Or.) 1876-1919, 1913-04-03
The Home Circle
Thoughts from the Editorial Pen
April Fool.

Who can count up the generations
of youngsters that on this ancient
festival have travelled far in search
of strap oil or have bitten into wool
doughnuts? Some people say the
custom goes back as far as Noah,
commemorating the blunder he made
in sending out the dove before the
waters dried up from the face Of the
earth.
Youth acquires some valuable in
formation on April l and gets it
very cheap. The time that is spent
in going to the neighbor for the
round square is not very costly But
the fruitless trip was well worth
while if it stamped the fact clearly
on the boys mind that there are a
great many jokers in the world.
Many people do not cease being
April fools when they attain the stat
ure of mankind They, are ready to
pick up bricks done up in neat pack
ages 965 days in the year. During
their lifetime they acquire an interest
ing and extensive collection OF left
handed screwdrivers. for which they
have paid down large amounts of
good money.
Ashland tidings. [volume] (Ashland, Or.) 1876-1919, 1913-04-03
A WELCOME INVASION.

According to last Saturdays Even
ing Telegram, Oregon is facing a for
eign invasion. This threatened in
Vasion is nothing less than an influx
of Scandinavian immigrants. Let
them come. The writer has lived a
large portion OF the past p years
In communities where the Scandinav-
kans were an important if not ma
jor portion of the community, and
he wants TO go on record as saying
that q Scandinavian invasion would
inside of a couple of decades shove
Oregon we'll 10 the front as a state
of wealth and substance.
The Telegram need not vorry
about where We are going to place
these people properly" as they will
place themselves and will start. not
to be kid-gloye, white-shirt farmers
with automobiles. but 10 wrest prof
liable farms from the hills and for
ests OF Oregon, and they will do it,
too.
These newcomers may not know
all there is TO know of the theory OF
supply and demand, nor how tc
make money without work, but they
do know the worth OF industry and
thrift and are willing TO practice
rbem. Welcome TO the invaders.
Ashland tidings. [volume] (Ashland, Or.) 1876-1919, 1913-04-03
RAILROADS AND LABOR.

The agitator who harangued on
the streets of Ashland in behalf of
the /. w. w. Monday afternoon de-
clared among other things that labor
built the railroads and the railroads
should be owned by labor.
If that is so, il labor alone can
build railroads, why don't the l. w.
W. come to the relief of Grants
Pass? Grants Pass is suffering for
a railroad. The l. w. w. are appar-
emily suffering for the opportunity
to build a railroad. Why don't they
get together? If labor is the only
factor in building a railroad there
should be no trouble in the l. w. w.
forging to the front as railroad
builders. They are all well rested
up. They have been doing little la
bor except with their mouths, and
should be in prime condition to help
Grants Pass or any other town out
ON railroad building.
But the chances are that if rail-
road construction once commences at
Grants Pass or elsewhere, that the
members of the ]. w. w. will be
searcer than hens teeth.
Such men bear the same relation
TO honest American laboring men as
the British suffragettes do TO Ameri-
can women. They are at the other
end of the line
Ashland tidings. [volume] (Ashland, Or.) 1876-1919, 1913-04-03
Why Living is Higher.

The tremendous crops of last year
fell short of being as tremendous as
they should be, if one judges by the
statistics just issued by the govern
ment.
These show that the supply of corn
per inhabitant has fallen off 81 per
cent in ten years. the supply of wheat
IA per cent. In the same period the
price of corn has risen "A per cent
and wheat AZ per cent. AS a corol-
larry to decrease of s per cent per
inhabitant in the yield of cotton, the
price has risen so per cent. For
every 100 acres in cultivation ten
years ago, there are now 115 acres.
For every 100 bushels, bales or
pounds of the ten principal crops of
a decade ago, there are produced
109 bushels, bales or pounds. The
government points out that, meas
ured per ton mile. the work of the
railroads increased 40 per cent. but
measured per acre. the output of the
ten crops averages a decrease Of
about l per cent.
Hunting down causes for the ris-
| ing costs of living is foolish waste
of time when the real cause, like a
house struck by lightning, flares out
of such figures as these.-Exchange
Ashland tidings. [volume] (Ashland, Or.) 1876-1919, 1913-04-03
REACHING THE HIGHER.UPs.

The California legislature has
passed the Red Light Injunction
and Abatement bill" which is pat
termed after the Iowa law. Iowa
nearly a generation ago conceived
the idea of making it Improbable to
rent buildings for blind pigs or other
immoral purposes by not only hold
ing the owners for the penalties for
violations of law. but by closing the
buildings under seal of the court for
violation of the law. 1t has worked
well there. The man who secures
inordinate rental for a building be-
cause it is used for unlawful pur-
poses only too often is the man high
er up, whose unseen influence balks
the attempt to enforce the laws.
In Iowa all that is necessary is for
anyone to serve written notice upon
a landlord that his building is being
used for these unlawful purposes
and any subsequent conviction not
only holds the property for the fine
imposed but compels the court to
close and seal the building for one
year, during which ii cannot be used
foP any purpose whatever.
The law seems drastic, but it has
proven successful there and has made
the property owner think twice be-
fore permitting his buildings to be
unlawfully used
Ashland tidings. [volume] (Ashland, Or.) 1876-1919, 1913-04-03
American Extraragance.

Leslie's: High living, Extrav-
agance runs riot il a country where
prosperity prevails. The moving pic
ture business is the most profitable
of all our industries. 1t threatens TO
cut out the theaters and the circus.
While demagogues pirate about the
suffering of the poor and the spread
of poverty, the commissioner of in
ternal revenue, in his annual report,
emphasizes the fact that Americans
are drinking more whiskey. smoking
more cigars and cigarettes and chew
ing more tobacco than ever before
in our history. We are having a gay
and hilarious time. Nobody works
but father and high living is in vogue
rs never before. The motto of the
day seems to be. Eat. drink and be
merry; bust the trusts. smash the
railroads and tinker with the tar
iff." Let the people rule and ''the
devil take the hindmost."
Ashland tidings. [volume] (Ashland, Or.) 1876-1919, 1913-04-03
HAzING, NOW AND FoRMERLY.

Four months jail sentences have
just been handed out to three Uni
versity of North Carolina students,
convicted of manslaughter of a fell
low student whose death was caused
by hazing Not merely is such
fatality berry unusual, but one hears
almost nothing nowadays about haz-
ing of any kind in colleges. Are the
ancient terrors disappearing that
once surrounded the freshman's en-
trance TO the classic shades of alma
mater?
Probably old-fashioned physical
hazing is pretty much gone by. It
seems as antiquated as the ancient
town and gown fights Once the
sophomore dearly loved to range
himself in battle against the young
plug-ugles OF the town slums. An
exchange OF bloody noses was looked
AT as the Germans regard student
duels and their resultant scars.
Today the college youth is too
splendiferous a creature for such
democratic brawls His way of get
ting even with the "mucker" is to
pointedly cut him on the street.
Similarly, taking the luckless
freshman from his downy bed at
dead of night and nd'giving him bath
meath the icy waters of the town
pump would be considered a prep"
school trick.
The one thing which the college
student is most anxious today to
demonstrate to the world that he is
man. For that reason he has a
dignity which must be maintained.
That dignity would be very much
Jared and dented by the hazing of
former years. AS the lower schools
initiate college fashions and atti-
tudes, so even they show a tendency
to look at old-time hazing as too kid
dish for men"
Hazing exists in colleges today
just as it exists everywhere in social
life, but il is more subtitle. 1t lies
in wait for any individuality on the
part of the student and pokes barbed
arrows of ridicule at his last years
hat, or his association with the
wrong set of fellows.