davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1913-10-01
Class No. 2a-DomestIc AnImal.,

A motion was made. seconded and
carried that all bills over $500 be cut
to that amount and allowed
+ A motion was made, seconded and
carried that the balance of this class
be allowed as read
: A motion was made. seconded and
carried that this meeting adjourn to
Saturday, the 18th day of September
1913. at 10 O'Clock a. M
C. H. BUNKER, F. A. MEAD,
Auditor. Chairman.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1913-10-01

Manchester. Iowa. Sept. u, 1913
State Of Iowa, Delaware County IS.
with all members and the auditor pres
ent. q ~
The minutes Of the meeting OF the
18th inst. were read and approved.
The following bills were presented:
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1913-10-01

A motion, was made seconded and
carried that all bills OF this class be
allowed in full. sa5f
A motion was made seconded and
Friday. the 18th day of Sept, at 10
O'Clock q. m. IEl.] t.1lsi n
c. H. BUNKER. F. A. MEAD, a
Auditor. Chairman.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1913-10-01

Class No. s-county Road.
Rnssell Grader MFG CO. plow, IS % 81
PAIL Hoilriet GtiIine -. -; y. so
Stearns q McCormick. supplies. 80
,HIC. 1Doft.-supplies. IS
10. II young. mileage, Is rs
Chas. Murray, land for road -. 200 90
J. W. Brown. labor Greeley
7 Edgewood road. 1S 90
1 Delhi road. ..'o. :. 4 SO
rton-Deihi road DAD. ' -. 4 50
DE Delhi ROAD 10. ~ ~ 4 so
Hutchinson & 5Atwater. material All
c. D. Hunt. 422 loads gravel at
4 20 cents per load. :. :. ~. "a 4D
John White. tiling Hopkinton- ~ q
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-08-31
WOODEN cANNoNs.
u.aa IN Recent West India "Revo
lutions."

From Harper's Weekly.
Anv one familiar with the construc-
t;on of modern weapons of warfare
and the high explosives used In them
would naturally suppose q cannon made
~ wood would be of little or no value
=. ueanon. Wooden cannons have
noen used with considerable success,
nevertheless, in recent revolutions In
r,ha Haiti and in the Dominican Re-
public.
The wood used in the construction OF
those crude weapons is q very tough
variety. having twisted grain that
curis about the log in such a way
mat to split the timber with ordinary
means a almost Impossible.
The best trees are selected and a
piece Of the log five or six feet in
fia meter is cut. After the bark has
been removed and the log made per-
fectiv round 1t Is swung UP on crude
truss and a hole is burned into 1t from
one end. The log is wound with strips
of rawhide cut from the skin Of a steer
when the cannon is covered with the
strins of hide another layer is wound
On and this is continued until the weap-
On has increased several inches in di-
ameter.
is finished the weapon is treated to
hot draft. which tends to contract
the hide binding. which becomes al
most as strong as wire.
These crude cannon have been used
with success in a number OF instances
and it is astonishing the number of
times they may be fired before they
burst or become otherwise disabled.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-08-31

habit Of coming to this water hole in
the morning and lying there all day.
But they never returned after that
morning.
Mr.. Heller says that the strangest
thing about lions is their individuality.
No two are alike They all act differ
one has to be handled in different
way. Sometimes a brave sportsman,
who has met with success in lion hunt
ing. will fail to handle one in the right
| manner and will get scratched or
mauled before the lion is shot. In this
case that man is ruined as hunter Of
lions forevermore. 1t seems a real test
OF bravery to continue hunting the
but very few men can do 1t after such
an experience. A hunters power lies in
his ignorance of what the animal real
ly can do in the way Of fighting.
~
When on this mountain the party ran
out of food While thirty of the men
were sent back to the government sta
ton for supplies. those who remained
found great quantities Of honey, left
by the bees who had lived there un-
disputed for SO long 1t was quite a
treat. all the more enjoyable because
unexpected.
The party met with some wonderfully
interesting monkeys and chimpanzees.
ganized as armies. The old males and fe-
males do the hardest fighting Mr.. Heller
said that they caught couple of young
ones for pets. An ambush was laid near
the water hole. AS soon as the young
ones wandered in and were caught the
natives rushed to the trap and got them
out before the old ones had chance to
even see them. 1t had to be done quick
ly, for when it Is discovered that any are
caught they are almost torn limb from
limb in the efforts Of the others to get
them out.
Mr. Heller was asked II he thought that
as near relations of man, according to
the theory of Darwin. He said that he
was quite sure that they were not very
far removed. for their intelligence was
species that Sir Harry Johnson. the gov
ernor of Uganda, had a plan to make
house servants of them.
Mr. Heller's chief work in the nature
of exploration was the securing of some
animals that are either totally unknown
or very slightly known. One of them Is
the bongo a rare bush buck. reddish,
with white stripes. which lives in the
heavy forest. In the same country with
the bongo a bush pig somewhat like the
European boar was found. Along the
Victoria Nyanza he found specimens Of
the lemur. a peculiar sloth-like. short
limbed animal with practically no ears,
which prowls about the forest at night
the kOngo duiker. a pigmy antelope, was
another of the species preserved.
-
The birds were exquisite. He saw a
plantain- eater like no bird in America It
Is three feet long, has a crest like the
bluejay and greenish blue plumage
These birds bark like monkeys and eat
the nuts Of the forest trees. The widow
| fitch is another bird of different appear
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-08-31
Early English Table Manners.
I'M the London Chronicle

From the London Chronicle.
Even Lord Rosebery must admit that
our table manners compare favorably
with those Of the past Mrs. Hannah
woolley, author of 1.-THE Gentlewom-
ans Companion" the standard seven
teenth century book on etiquette. finds
It necessary thus to warn her readers:
'Gentlewomen, discover not by any
ravenous gesture your angry appetite,
nor fix your eyes too greedily on the
meat before you, as il You would de-
YOUR more that way than your throat
wouId swallow - In carving
avoid clapping your fingers in your
mouth and licking them after you have
burnt them. Close your lips when you
eat, and do not smack like pig. Fill
not your mouth SO full that your
cheeks shall swell like pair OF Scotch
bagpipes. It is very uncomely to drink
So large q draught that your breath is
almost gone, and you are forced to
blow strongly to recover yourself" :
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-08-31
Correspondence Made Easy.
|, the London Chronicle

From the London Chronicle.
The hardship Of having to write let
tiers or even postcards when on holi-
day makes one wonder why our sta
TONERS do not introduce the ready
made correspondence" which has been
in vogue in France for several years.
1t consists of a postcard. on which are
printed some four dozen or so OF those
commonplaces with which holiday
makers contrive to fill up half a page
OF letter paper-"Just arrived" Wealth
er bad" This is bad hotel" VERY
dull here" Jolly people" Send me
some money" etc. You merely put
cross against the sentences that express
your sentiment.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-08-31
Short G for H0ws@k@@p@rs

saucepan to cook it over: that breaks
the little gelatined globules that have
formed. even though not enough to make
jell. and you will have at best sticky.
Stringy mess. Instead take a large drip
ping pan. half fill II with water, set the
undisturbed glasses of jelly in it, not
close enough to touch, put into a hot
oven, and allow to bake until sufficiently
jellied. 1t sometimes takes three-quarters
Of an hour, but the jelly will cut AS
smooth and clean as though stif enough
at first cooking. A pinch of powdered
alum will help the jellying process.
To seal jelly glasses shave some par
atm and put q few shavings into each
glass before pouring in the hot jelly.
and as the latter cools the paraffin will
rise to the top. forcing all the air out.
Instead of prying a jar open with a
few minutes. The lid will then come
or easily.
Tack a sheet Of paper to the inside
Of the fruit cupboard door. On this
write the number OF cans OF each kind
of fruit you put away. Keep a sil,all
pencil hanging at the top OF the SHEET
of paper and each time you remove, a
can mark 1t of. You can then see At
glance what fruits you have on harAd
without moving the Jars about.
Prepare for your work OF fruit caR-
ming in the right way. Two longI-
sleeved aprons OF red cotton material
will not show stains and will save youk-
good aprons. Pieces OF old material
for holders and cloths to wipe utensils'
will likewise save good toweling and
the table will be absolutely clean il
several layers of newspaper are spread
over it. II there is any danger OF
Juice bein4 dropped upon a good floor
or linoleuln papers should be spread
down there also.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-08-31
UNCLE SANS EXPLORERS RETURN
WITH TALES OF STRANGE LANDS

their Journeys and marked a place for
resting and Thanksgiving for safe arrival
to this particular pass of the mountain.
Each native going by would throw a stone
on the pile. and when it was large
enough the mound was marked by three
branches set in the center or by tablets.
The similarity to the Indian custom rem
ders this worthy of interest.
DR.. Hrdlicka said that although the
Mongolians were not fighters because Of
their religious beliefs, they were never
theless trained in warfare by the Rus
slams. Some of the trade routes to Siberia
lead through Mongolia, and to protect the
caravans, in case hostile tribes should at
tack to thieve. the Mongolians We're skill
ed in the use Of the rifle and would make
very good fighters were they encouraged.
DIR. Hrdlicka's investigations are in the
nature of scientific discoveries, establish
ing with much force supposition as to
the origin of the Indian. who has been
even suggested by some persons tracing
their source, as one of the Lost Tribes of
Israel.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-08-31

DR.. Ales Hrdlicka, Curator of the Division OF
Anthropology of the National Museum, Re-
turns from Trip Through Parts of Mongolia
and Siberia Connecting the People of Those
Countries With Our Indians = Edmund
Heller Tells of the Animals of Africa-Dr.
Fewkes Makes Interesting Discoveries in
Arizona
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-08-31
Notes on Canning.

@ROCURE the best fruits and vege-
r. tables, each at the crest of its
season. Don't make a mistake and
wait until the special fruit Is nearly gone
and then pay the highest prices for 1t.
A wise cook never tries a strange recipe
II she has one which she has tested and
found satisfactory.
A common error often INDUCED in when
covers Of glass jars after the same have
become thoroughly cold. This never
should be done, as it loosens the cement,
which is formed by the rubber ring of
common fruit jars coming in contact
with the heat. which makes the jars air
tight. The proper method is to fill the
jars to the top with the boiling fruit,
put on the rubber rings. and screw the
covers on as tight as possible, turning
the jars bottom side up and allowing
to stand until perfectly cold. II this
method is followed a spoiled jar Of fruit
will seldom be found
Put jars, covers and rubbers in a pan
Of cold water and bring gradually to a
boil, and boil twenty minutes When
the fruit is ready. empty the jars and
place upside down on a hot cloth. Put
on the sterilized rubbers. Place a knife
in the jar while filing, SO that the bub-
bles will break. Fill and overflow the
jars. Remove the knife and overflow
again. Now screw on the steriliZed top.
Don't think you can hurry preserves.
jellies or jams. It is out Of the question
to do SO and have them perfect. They
require great care combined with the best
materials and exact measurements to in
sure success.
Do not allow tin. iron or pewter to
touch jams or preserves, as any Of these
are liable to spoil the color. Kettles,
spoons, forks, knives swimmers dippers.
tunnels. jelly bags, fruit press. strainers.
scales and measures should all be in
state Of perfect order and cleanliness.
The fruit must be just ripe, but not
overripe. Use granulated sugar for all
preserves. jellies and jams and heat In
the oven before adding to the fruit juice.
Do not cover while cooking. Jam should
be boiled until on dropping a little on a
plate it jellies Boil fast to preserve the
color of the fruit, and keep well stirred
Remove all scum as 1t rises.
Use light brown sugar for spiced fruit,
and don't make too sweet. Four pounds
of sugar to seven pounds Of fruit is
good proportion.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-08-31

southwest one must not lose sight of
the influence of increased salinity due
to continued prehistoric lrrigatlon.
This cause was perhaps more effective
than human enemies or aridity Of soil
in breaking up prehistoric cultures
re barrenness of soil led to the aban-
mants it has a bearing on the future
Of the white farmers of these valleys.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-08-31

Edmund Heller Of the National Museum
was sent out last year by the government
on a tour of exploration to Africa. His
experiences brought him in contact not
so much with interesting peoples as with
interesting animals, some we'll known
others hardly known at all.
Part Of his trip was made in company
with Paul Rainey, with whom he had
some exciting experiences with lions. Mr..
Heller accompanied Col. Roosevelt on
his African hunt, SO the nature of the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-08-31

From the Boston Transcript.
Shell suppose you are familiar with
|Longfellow's poem, ITO Stay at Home IL
Best"
He-Yes, and I think he must have
written It just after returning from .
summer outing.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-08-31

Drop apples. pears. peaches and all
light-colored fruit into a bowl of cold
water before cooking, to prevent discolor-
alton.
When jelly will not jell. and that hap
pens sometimes, do not turn 1t back into
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-08-31

'The existence OF 50 many large ruins
which seem to have been populated
for a time and then deserted, and the
small amount of arabic land in the
southern part OF the Verde valley in
dicate that the clans traversed the
country, leaving their established
homes for better agricultural lands.
the soil improving as one goes north.
I'm considering the prehistoric mi
grations OF agricultural peoples in the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-08-31

ance from anything in this country. It's
body is about the size Of q robins, and
has curved tail at least two and q half
feet long In the morning. when the
ground is covered with heavy dew, this
tail gets dripping wet. The bird is at
such a disadvantage that he cannot fly
or protect himself from the animals that
prey upon him. For this reason the males
are very scarce.
Many specimens Of small rodents, giant
rats as large as cats. mongooses and
| species Of shrews and moles that are
| overlooked by sportsmen were acquired
Uncle Sam sends his explorers not only
to foreign out Of the way places. He
keeps many OF them occupied in his own
territory. Inconprehensible as it may
| covered here in the United States
| Scientists who are devoting their time
| to study of the Indian find clues
every year to pursue to unknown lines
ner of interesting results. It is Uncle
Sans aim to complete a systematic and
we'll rounded record of the tribes before
the ever-accelerating march Of change
nal characteristics. To this end syste-
| matte researches are always being car
ried on in states where items of interest
| providing food for investigation reveal
themselves.
| One of the latest completed works Of
| exploration was made by Dr. j. Walter
| Fewkes Of the bureau of ethnology in
| Arizona. Here the large ruin called Casa
Grande has been excavated and repair
ed. From his excavations he gathered
| material which will throw much light on
| the civil and social organization Of the
!. ancient tribes of that region.
l
Casa Grande. great house." was a
! ruin when 1t was discovered, but very
little that was definite toward discovering
what its inhabitants were like was ever
done. The excavations Immediately sur
rounding it and within close distance
made by DR.. Fewkes reveal it to have been
| and well planned structures. When he
/ arrived there, only the Casa Grande was
| visible, set in the midst of q growth of
sabe brush and giant cacti. When he
left surrounding wall three feet high
| was laid bare throughout its entire
their floors. At distance from the
main ruin. where mounds indicated that
perhaps some remains of structures
were inferred beneath, the excavation
| revealed an Enclosure with two subter-
ranean rooms and high elevations of a
lecture common In Mexico. Four other
structures inclosed by walls were laid
bare in the vicinity, as well as q few
separate clan houses. DR.. Fewkes was
able to get close idea of the character
Of the life Of the Indians OF these pre-
historic settlements.
/ He says that they must have lived In
| clusters of small houses surrounded by q
common wall which inclosed q massive
| house which served as a temple OF the
| chief. The excavations Of the Individual
] clan houses showed that there were
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-08-31

country is well known to him. The hunt
ing and exploration were done in British
East Africa. Landing in Mombasa, the
"safari." or caravan, was organized and
the party proceeded through Nairobi to
the Laita Plains, where most of the lion
hunting was carried on
Mr.. Heller says that these plains are
covered with the greenest of grasses and
give the some impression as q large
meadow Of this country. It Is on these
plains that the antelopes and the Zebras
feed. and where they are caught by the
lions which come out at night upon them
from their lairs in the surrounding bush
country.
Mr. Rainey hunts with hounds after the
manner of an Englishman hunting foxes.
and Mr. Heller says that the greatest
difficulty experienced on their trip was
the training Of these hounds. The pack
had Just come from a bear-hunting expe-
dition and 1t was double work, breaking
their old habits and creating new ones.
However, as soon as one or two of the
hounds recognized the new scent they
gave tongue and dashed away, with the
rest of the pack quick to follow. Lion
hunting has to be done in the early morn
ing, before the sun has chance to dry
out the scent
When the hounds finally surround the
lion the latter snaps and snarls at them
and SWishes his tail about, using abSO-
lutely no method In trying to get away
from them. He is then an easy target for
the rifle of the hunter or the spear OF
the native. Great care is taken to shoot
the lion without manning one of the
hounds They are too valuable when
trained to lose in this way. although
many get away when a lion leads them
far into the brush.
A great danger to the hunter who Is
riding through this OvergroWn bush
country is caused by the pit traps OF
the natives These pits have sides
slanting diagonally to the bottom and
there spiked. They are covered and
the unsuspecting hunter is wedged in
one of them before he is hardly aware
that he has fallen.
The Androbo are the natives of this
country. They live almost entirely or
the animals they catch in this way
body, we'll skilled with their spears
noiseless walkers and from behind
trees where they can easily hide. very
seldom miss their animal. They cal
meat In all stages. cooked. raw or de.
cayed, according to how hungry they
are.
Mr. Heller made a trip to Mount Lolo
lokwl, which had never been visited BY
white man before. He told of a hair.
raising experience that he had will
found a water hole not far from the
camp that he wanted Mr.. Heller to see
So one morning they started out for 1t
AS they approached they saw three OF
tour lions glazing out at them from be.
hind nearby bushes, almost surround.
and Mr.. Heller fired his rifle. One was
wounded, and the others became
| frightened and ran away. It was found
afterward that these lions were In the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-08-31

Set in the center Of another Of the
rooms was a massive stone seat, with the
appearance Of a throne chair Outside
were seen the remains of ancient irri-
cation bitches and large depressions
which were possibly reservoirs where
water was stored for irrigation or drink
ing.
Stone idols were found that appear
to have been sculptured, though not in
a superior manner. after the form OF
frogs. Birds mountain sheep and SER
penis. Many stone utilitarian imple-
ments, tripod dishes. vases and wooden
shovels with handles were collected for
the museum.
DR.. Fewkes says concerning the re-
suits of his work:
Every student Of the great houses
must marvel at their relative enormous
size and the evidences Of cooperation
and intelligent direction of labor that
they show. The erection of such
and an able director. a. sociologic con-
dition not found elsewhere in North
America outside of Mexico. The origin
OF this cooperation may be found in
construction of the irrigation bitches
essential to successful agriculture in
this region.
These builders evolved two distinct
plans OF architecture-great houses.
erected for many persons, feature
devoted to public purposes, and one
room habitatiOns provided with GEN.
trail fireplaces sunken in the floor.
1.-THE presence OF idols indicates a
system. while the effective weapons in
dictate a possession of knowledge Of
warcraft though they were essentially
agricultural.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-08-31

several remarkable rooms. one Of which
seemed to have been built around an
open space In another. In this Enclosure
were found the remains Of a walied-up
cyst Of natural cement. The walls OF
the cyst visible from the outer room
were decorated with figures OF birds ana
other animals painted red.
In the interior of this rude sarcophagus
was found a human skeleton extended at
full length. Near the head was recep-
tacle Of mortuary offerings. From the
nature of the objects associated with the
skeleton it is supposed that the remains
were those of an old priest of the tribe
or possibly it's chief On the sand out
side of the sarcophagus were one or
two vessels containing burned human
bones which can be supposed to be the
cremated remains Of some of the In
dams. Two methods Of disposal of the
dead, cremation and inhumation. must
have been practiced in and around the
structures Of Casa Grande. It may be
that the priests and the chiefs were buried
and the less favored classes cremated.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-08-31

'.He lives in round houses, or rather
tents built of light lattice work and COW
cred with thick felt. These houses he
moves with him wherever he goes In
search Of new pastures. The traveller
may pass one day through virgin coun-
try, and returning week hence find In
the same place a big thoroughly estab-
Nsffed settlement of .MorgOiians.S
:, 1.-The MonSolian also does not manu-