davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1913-10-24
pIAz's MOVEMENTS UNCERTAIN
Arrest Of Followers Alleged to es In.
timidation Scheme.

Arrest Of Followers Alleged to Be In
timidation Scheme.
Mexico City. Dot. 24.-Whether Gen.
/ Felix Diaz will come at once to the
federal capital or remain in Vera Crul
until after the election appears to be
matter Of doubt In the minds Of his
moro prominent followers here today
Jose Luis ReQuena, candidate for the
vice presidency on the Diaz ticket, ex-
pressed the belief that his leader was
likely to come here today or tomorrow.
Senior Requena admitted that he be-
lieved the arrest at Vera Cruz Of a
number Of ,Diaz's followers on charges
were Inventions. He declares the ac-
ton had been taken to intimidate
voters.
Senior Requena said he had proof
that the word had gone forth to voters
to cast their ballots for Victoriano
Huerta and General Banquet. and he
appeared to fear this might have the
effect Of defeating his ticket.
Arrests Explained.
The fact that General Diaz was Of
ficially relieved from his mission to
Japan by the foreign Office after he had
completed his assignment to the war
department Of France. relieves him
from any charge of nsubordination.
The members of the embassy which
accompanied General Diaz to Europe
on the way to Japan were arrested for
disobeying orders the government had
sent them at Havana to return to Par
is. This was the explanation given by
Senior Moheno today. He said they
would be reembarked on the next
steamer in Europe to join Francisco de
la Barra, Mexican minister to France.
who is the latest person appointed by
the government to carry out the task
Of thanking Japan for her participation
in the Mexican centennial.
Senor Moheno regarded 1t as unjust.
after spending $145,000 of government
money. that these men should refuse to
fulfill the mission entrusted to them.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1913-10-24
battle RAGING At
MONTEREY, MEXICO
REBELS MAKING FIERCE ATTACK
ON CITY AND FIGHTING Ie
SEVERE.
FEpERALs BEING AARRAssED
IN ALL DIRECTIONS
Movements Of General Diax Uncertain
-Followsrs Charge Husrta With In.
tinidatins Voters and Result Of
Election 10 Feared - Washington is
Mum.

Mexico City. Oct. 24.-Wire COM
munication with the besieged city OF
Monterey ceased at 10 o'clock yester-
day morning. At that hour the fight
ing was raging fiercely in the outskirts
Of the city.
The main rebel force occupied rail-
road yard about mile from the CEN
ter Of the city. They had number
OF cannon with which they bombarded
the federal fortificaions. and they
were using at least one machine gun.
The attack was made from all sides
and the fighting was severe.
Rebel reinforcements commanded by
Gen. Rubio Navarrete at Lampazos,
100 miles north Of Monterey. were un-
able to proceed to Monterey owing to
the destruction Of bridges and lack Of
fuel. Some 1900 rebels have moved
east from Torreon and are harrassing
Gen. Truoy Aubert at Hipolito. where
he has been concentrating for a move
ment on Torreon. Some Of General
Aubert's troop trains were stalled yes
terday at Ramos Arizpe, nine miles
from Saltillo. by the explosion of the
boiler Of the leading locomotive and q
trainlOad OF ammunition is in danger
of falling into the hands of the rebels.
A new rebel force is reported gather
ing near Saltillo and it Is believed that
the rebels intend to make simultane-
GUS attack from several directions.
A force Of 900 federals is reported to
have retreated southwark to Fresnillo.
near Zacatecas. in a. badly demoralized
condition. No word has come as to
where they encountered the rebels.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1913-10-24

PRECEDENT I4rs o. % Sc,eoaHy
he oppooEo sunsrrTum
Departure FSo0 lnaeaAo snd psra
posse ~ oeasossna3o cuvveesv pn~
sram-olsntss cs~essy Dask -.
turs-Nants RssSeaa) Rssssvo 49,

Warrington. Ooe 3l-Psssad,us yyaiS
son n unoompromisingiy opposed .
tho currency bin proposed By Frank As
Vandnriin president Of the Nasjo.al
City Bank Of New York, a. q subseia
tute Of tho administration plan.
The president lot II be known thss
he was earnestly and unqualiasdly -
favor Of tho main features OF the a.
ministraeton bill He declared that NJ
believed tho plan provided In the house
bill was In every way suited to axiutinG
conditions in business ana wss caln,,-
lated to render the business men az th6
country great service
Ihe Vanderlip plan. which oontemA
plates q central bank under 9ovsrns
ment control was reported today "a
nave the endorsement OF three demo-
cratic senator's and flvo republicans. =
majority OF thH senate COMMITTEES.
Senator Reed. one Of tho Democrats
reported In favor OF tho vander;in
plan: sought . conference with the
president.
The presidents position n that H.
Vanderlip plan - . radical departure
from tho regional reserve system oI
banks proposed In the house bin. anAs
he expressed hts intsEtion vigorcus,v
to oppose any su IN measure.
May Accept It 20 Amendment.
With tho government central bank
plans proposed by vanderlip available
as an amendment to tho administer tion
bill. the senate banking COMMITTEES hur-
ried along its hearings today expecting
to formally end examination OF Wit.
nesses tomorrow.
The committee viii begin the consid-
eration Of the blu In executive session
Monday. g
II. Parker Willis. OF New York. vha
acted an expert for tho house commit
tee In the preparation Of the admins
tration bill. was tho principal witnCan
today. He defended the measure -.
orally. 3 Fa's
The committee win consider II "a.
ecutive session hundreds OF CHANGES
proposed. many OF . material nature.
President Wilson has already oaid
that the bill would not be injured if tha
number of federal reserve banks iixed
at twelve was cut down materially. or
II the secretary of agriculture and the
comptroller of currency were not on
the federal reserve board.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1913-10-24

American Plaster Company Of Fort
Dodge, Suffers Loss Of $4,000 BY
Fir-seventy Men Thrown Out Of
Employment.

Fort Dodge. Oct. IA loss of $7S.-
900 was sustained this morning by fire
which destroyed the mill OF the Amer
lean Cement Plaster Company here.
Seventy men are thrown out Of en-
ployment. An over-heated dryer is
supposed to have caused the fire. The
flames spread up the elevator shaft to
all parts Of the building. The plant was
smouldering ruins in one and one-half
hours. A. B. Williams, OF Lawrence.
Kan, director in the company, says
the mill will be rebuilt OF fireproof ma
terial. The American company bought
the plant In 1910 from the Iowa Hard
Plaster Company.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1913-10-24
STATEHOOD OR INDEPENDENCE
Two Courses Suggested To Remedy
Conditions In Porto Rico.

remedies for conditions in Porto Rico.
statehood and independence. were suE-
gested today at the conference at Mos
honk Lake OF friends OF the Indians
and other Dependent. Peoples. Some
OF the speakers thought tho island
should be admitted to statehood others
believed the solution OF the problem
laid with giving the Porto Ricans inde-
pendence under projections OF the
United States.
The most ardent advocat OF inde-
pendence was Jose de Diego, speaker
Of the Porto Rican house OF delegates,
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1913-10-24
PAGE ONE.

Tslsoraphio News,
Europe Must Keep Hands Of
United States to Warn Eorst ow-
erS.
Mexican Situation Grows As.-.A
Rescuers Lost in Dawson Nine
Disaster Claims rel LivoA
Battle Raging at Monterey. Mexico.
Currency Committee FAvors Wander
lip Substitute.
PAGES Two, THREE, FOUR. FIVE.
Iowa Nsssi
Kenyon Wants Hog Cholera Fund
Sequel to Boggs Case Being Aired.
Title without Deeds.
Baptists Turn Progressive.
Court Enlarges Indeterminate Law.
New Head for Buena Vista College.
Waterloo May Ask for Aid.
Open Seasons on Migratory Birds.
PAGE SIX
Editorial.
Try It in Rural School District
The Dirty Linen.
Iowa Map Changing.
An Iowa Industry.
Topics Of the Times.
Iowa Opinion and Notes.
PAGES SEVEN, EIGHT, NINE, TEN,
ElEvEN.
City Moves
"Jud" Morrissey Disappears.
Mystery Surrounds Absence.
Mrs. Martha Roe Falls: May DIE
James Burns Held TOR Theft.
DAILY Dismisses Liquor Case.
Potatoes Continue Skywurd.
College May Establish Branch Here.
Grand Jury Indicts Two.
Talk About Town.
General and City News.
PAGE TWELVE.
Markets and Gsneral.
Argentine Reports Favor Wheat
Bears.
Weaker Tone In Corn.
Weak Demand for Hogs.
Small Arrivals Of Cattle.
Enginemen Want Congressional Aid.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1913-10-24
Union HesdC Protests.

Washington, Oct ~ 3A-Representative
Heating. OF ColoradA today received a
telegram from h l. Doyle, an official
of the United llns Workers union.
deciaring that he wasS driven from
Dawson by mine guards and had been
denied admission to the post ofrice.
Representative Keattng said he would
protest to the postal authorities.
went to Dawson said tho telegram.
ito offer financial Assistance to those
in distress and was driven out by coal
company's mounted police. Hundreds
of miners still entornbed. Action dis
grace to civilization. Asked right to
visit postof1ce and was denied
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1913-10-24
WHITE R,esoNERs CONVENE.
rriennial Convention Of Worlds w. G.
r, U. in Session at Brooklyn.

rriennial Convention Of Worlds w. C.
r. U. in Session at Brooklyn.
New York. Oct. 24-The triennial
convention Of the Worlds Women's
Christian Temperance Union opened in
the Academy Of Music, Brooklyn, to-
day with nearly 1000 delegates repre-
senting every state in the union and
thirty foreign countries in attendance
The women were welcomed by Mayor
Adolph Kline.
Mrs. Lillian M. N. Stevens. vice pres
ident Of the International organization
presided in place Of Countess Rosalind
Of Carlisle. the president. who was un-
able to come.
Todays sessions were taken up with
the reports Of committees and w. c. T
U. missionaries.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1913-10-24
Auto pamaee Suit Settled,

Eagle Grove. Oct. e4.-The cases Of
Mrs N. H. Adams against the Great
Western railway company for the kill.
ing OF her son In an automobile acci-
dent on the main street crossing here
last summer have been settled. the
company allowing damages OF So
1875
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1913-10-24
EXPLODING OIL KILLS
Mrs. Bert Jenkins, Of 6raddyviIIe,
Burned to Death-Used oasoIsne to
start Fire in Stove, Mistakins il
For Recommendations at Time-Home
Destroyed.
Special to Times-Republican.

Special to Times Republican.
Council Bluffs, Oct. 24.-Mrs. Bert
Jenkins, aged "a, wife Of farmer liv-
ing near Braddyville. was burned to
death last night and the family home
was destroyed. Mrs. Jenkins attempt
ed to start q fire in the heating stove
with the ad Of oil. which proved to be
gasolene. The resultant explosion set
IRE to her clothing. Mr.. Jenkins and
their three children were away at the
time.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1913-10-24
JESSIE Lands DEAD.

Prominent Whitter Rarmer Expires
Suddenly-stomaoh Trouble Cause.
Special to Times-Republican.
Eldora, Oct. 24.-Jesse Lands. n
prominent farmer residing one milo
south OF whitten. died suddenly last
night at his home, after a brief illness
with stomach trouble. Mr.. Iandis is
survived by wife and several broth
ers.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1913-10-24
SIX MINERS IN CUSTODY.
Deputies Invade Colony Of Strikers
and Mako Arreats

Trinidad. Colo, Oct. 24.-Thirty
deputy sheriffs invaded the coal min
ers' tent colony at Forbes yesterday
and arrested six miners on charges Of
assault with Intent to murder, in con-
nection with the Forbes battle Of last
Friday, In which one man was killed
and three were wounded. The warrants
were sworn by e. c. Kennedy. deputy
sheriff. who charges that the men fired
on him under flag of truce and
without warning.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1913-10-24
NEW IOWA LIBRARIAN.

Miss Eliza Townsend Chosen for Work
In state Institutions.
Special to Times-Republican.
Des Moines Oct. 24.-Miss Eliza E..
Townsend. now OF Spokane. formerly
with the Iowa library commission, was
today elected by the board of control
to become librarian OF the state insti-
tutions.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1913-10-24
PREDICTS PARTIAL SUFFRAGE.
Lloyd George Says Women Will Cal.
Ballet But Not Under Present ,Reuima,

swindon, England. Oct. Si.-Cnancel-
lor Of Exchequer Lloyd George believes
that measure giving parliamentary
suffrage to women will become q law
shortly, but not during the present
parliament. He said this in reply to
questions put to him by deputations
from a number Of women's societies.
''But want to say" he added, that
the militant tactics have converted
many peoples. indifference into bitter
hostility"
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1913-10-24
can fer Bank st.t,ments.

washington. Oct. 2A.-The comptrcl.
for the statement OF all national tlaNa
OF the United States at the close Ot
business Oct. q.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1913-10-24
WILSON commurEs SENTENCES
President Cuts Down Penalties I'm
posed Upon Land Grafters.

Washington. Oct. 24.-President
Wilson today commuted the sentences
Of Frederick II. Hyde and John H.
Schneider. of California, convicted OF
celebrated land fraud conspiracies, to
one year and day Imprisonment each.
provided that they pay the originally
imposed fines Of $1,000 on Hyde and
1000 on Schneider. Tho trial court
gave Hyde two years and Schneider ono
year and two months.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1913-10-24
DELAY EXECUTION FOR DINNER.
Condemned Man Given Brief Respite
10 Eniov Chicken 0proad.

30 EnJoy ChlckoN spread.
Somerset, Pa, Oct. 24.-The execu-
ton Of John w. Maus, condemned to
die here at 10 O'Clock yesterday for the
murder OF HaTTiso. Brown mai! cnr-
rier, Sept. 12. 1912. was delayed until
1 o'clock in order that the condemned
man might enjoy a chicken dinner.
When he had finished his breakfast he
asked the sheriff for q good dinner.
The request was granted but the meal
could not be prepared without delaying
the hanging.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1913-10-24
cIose .Keokuk I eoI< INV. Al

Davenport. Oct. 34.-The govern
ment's lock 1t Ksokuk will be closed
for the seaSon, Nov. Is. according to
notices issued to rivermen BY MAI. a,
n. Hoffman. Of the United states en-
gtueers. ~. IS -.....
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1913-10-24
EUROPE MUST KEEP
HANDS OFF MEXICO
United States Preparing to Serve Notice That
Interference VIII Not Be Brooked.
wARSHlPs MUST NOT NEEDLE

olAz sEEEs REEuaz AMERICAN CONSULATE
AND FURTHER sl1uAToN
BnEAskNo PollsT-sJEAAassHP
JOHN LIND BOARD ssELD AUTHORITIES UNITED
pEAANns IMMEDIATE aELEAss-ho clhAhoEs
TEMPLATED CRUISE OF FLEET TO MEDITERRANEAN
WAIEHA
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1913-10-24

Railroad EmpIoys Dies Of Injuries.
Special to Times-y.epublican.
Manila, Oct. 24.-Fred Reinfeldt. a
milwaukee section foreman and for
many years resident here. died today
from injuries sustained ten days ago.
He was run down by q switch engine
at Manning. He leaves two sons.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1913-10-24
cLAwsoN FOUND GUILTY.
Lincoln Youth Convietsd Of Murder ID
Second Degree,

Second 0sorss.
wilber, Neb. Oct. 2&.-A jury In the
district court here early today found
Clarence Clawson guilty Of murder In
the second degree. Clawson. Lincola
youth, last July. during carnival here
fatally stabbed Ross McKinsecy, Q
young farmer. during quarrel over .
woman. The trial has been In progress
several days. Clawson claimed SELF
defense.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1913-10-24
posToFFlcE ROBBERS GET ,,s.ooa
craeksmen Blow Safe in office at A,
Aica. q.

Chicago Junction. O.. Oct. A.-Roh-
hers early today blew cre:. the saf0 OF
the postofYice at Attica, seven miles
west OF here. and escaped with $4,000.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1913-10-24
aH'PpERs ASK APPROPRIATION
Honorary German Committee Wants
Butldjnn at Rxposition.

Berlin, Oct. 24.1Iho honorary COM
:.!ttee Of Germany combating Of repre-
sentatives Of shipping and trading in
terests. which 10 epdeavoring to secure
representation at the Panama Pacific
exposition. today adopted q resolution
asking the government for an appro-
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1913-10-24

huerea Net Aftse veees.
MEXICO city oct 3k-In q statement
70 the prass today Nonossnfng yestsr.
days meeting oe members ol the diplo-
matio oorps at the palace. II 10 said
that the prsvisional president has
learned that In seme Of the Asxtcan
states his friends purposed to support
him for the presidency. This calls forth
tho following Official statement:
'1rhe government can not prevent tho
provisional presidents friends sup
porting him, owing 70 the lack Of time
to do 20 before the elections are held.
but while the prtviStonAl president ap-
preciates tho attitude Of his friends. he
declares onoe for all that he can not
accept votes and IL thru them he should
be elected. such an election would have
no effect a. It would be contrary to
the constitution"
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1913-10-24
T.-R. BULLETIN
Noticeable News et Today


The Weatlser. ~
Sun rises Got. as 1t s:22. sstaf
sos. 3
Iowa-Fadr tonight and Saturt
not much change In temperature. -
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1913-10-24

I Bryce left here he understood the
question would be held in abeyance un-
til the regular session Of congresA
No Change in Flosk Plans.
Nine battleahipsr of the Atlantic feet
will sail tomorrow from Hampton
Roads for their Mediterranean cruise
according to original plans.
They win be in constant communa-
cation with the powerful wireless sta
tion here, at least until next Thursday
It was stated officially, however. that
they WIN san without any orders e1-
ospt to proceed to thedr destinations.
Predictions ~ to the course the
United States would pursue varied
greatly in administration 'circleA- Sug-
gestions that the United States might
propose to -rs-sstablish order and con-
duct IN election, as was done In Cuba
were advanced In many quarters with
some degree Of anthoFitativenssA
Feres May Dc Needed.
That tho United States may be ro-
qutred to back up measures and poll
! cies were taken into consideration By
officials, and while there Il. no COM
ment to indicate tho trend Of Affairs
there II unm1stalkable evidence that
high officials are prepared for any
sventnality.
! Az Secretary Bryan went into con-
ference with the president Just after
noon he was asked to say definitely
whether Consul Canada's instructions
were broad enough to include thu
granting Of IN asylum TO members Of
General Diafs star He replied that
asylum would - acoardsd to any one
who sought II slls !,
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1913-10-24

Ven Cruz, Oct. 2&-Aftsr pro-
tests ef the American oonsul be-
cause OF delay Of the Ward line
stsamsr Moro Castle BY order Of
tl,N authorities hers, the vsssel was
formally elsarod this morning for
Aavans and New York. Mrs. Lind,
wife ef President vviIsens personal
representative, 10 on beard.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-05-18

tons which have appeared in the bulle-
tins OF foremost universities OF the coun-
try.
But now vindication for the two men
seems to be on the way. 1t is whispered
that department agents have gathered
other illustrations similar to that of Sam
Mccall to prove the truth of the theory
advanced by the bureau of soils. These,
1t Is said. will be published in bulletins
preliminary to the announcement which
will put the American Department of
Agriculture. the greatest scientific organi-
zation Of the sort in the world. squarely
backing the WhitneyCameron contention
that the earth's soil will never wear
out" and that the human family will
never face starvation because OF earth's
sterility
In the following words the departmental
bulletin tells how Mccall made worn
out" soil fertile without using fertilizer:
Sam Mccall Is an ex-slave now over
seventy-fve years of age. At the time
of gaining his freedom he decided to
remain as a tenant on the plantati Of
his former owner. Being thrifty, hard
worker and a good manager he saved
what he earned and was soon able to
make payment on forty acres of land
and to start farming for himself Later
he added to this purchase until he owned
1913 acres. The land was so grown up
with brush and so cut up with gullies that
only comparatively small portion of it
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-05-18
TE OF LAND CAUSED BY RECENT FLOODS

outs will remain. Even a large portion
of these latter may be cut away, too, TOT
the driving power Of a flood is almost De-
yond comprehension
Many there were during the recent ONO
floods who could not understand how
mere water was able to wreck and carry
off huge buildings of stone and Steel
whose foundations extended far down
into the earth. Scientists. by making
comparative tests. have found out the
reaso why 1t has been estimated that
the force of a stream flowing steadily In
ths same volume as did the flood would
be 5000 00O-horsepower. and the ngureS
are declared most conservative.
Now 1t is a known scientific fact that TO
produce one horsepower steadily. Tor one
wear. through the agency of steam, one
must burn not less than thirteen tons OF
coal. Consequently the force of the flood
was the equivalent of the power that
would be derived from harness,ng the
steam of 65OOOO 600 tons OF coal. Surely
enough = run the longest railroad tram
about the country until Its engineer ana
crew died OF old age
Still another idea of the force Of the
flood may be cleaned from the fact that
the Mississippi river. at flood time, ois-
cha rges more than 2.OO0OJo cubic feet OF
water into the gulf every second Before
leyees were built 1t also overWneiHeo
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-05-18
SAld Mccall AND HIS EAr1nX
So e.

was suitable for cultivation, and even
the tillable areas. having been cropped
by tenants for several years with no at
tempt to maintain the fertility, were very
deficient In organic matter, and conse-
quently Of low crop-producing capacity.
Mccall began working such portions
of his land as were tillable, and grew
cotton and corn. the crops common to
that section. After working along this
line for fifteen years he arrived at the
conclusion that a man with a limited
equipment, who was doing practically all
his own work. could obtain better re-
suits by concentrating his efforts on a
smaller area Of land.
Accordingly. he selected two acres Of
land near his cabin, and for the last
twenty-one years has devoted his time
and energies to increasing the productive
capacity of this small area. These two
acres were in little higher state Of
fertility than the other tillable portion
of his land, producing on an average from
one-third to two-fifths of a bale Of cot
ton ito the acre under favorable condf-
tons.
Improvement was begun by increasing
the organic content of the soil. At f1rst
this was accomplished by blowing under
leaves and other decaying vegetable mat
ter secured from the nearby woodland.
but this practice was later discontinued.
Cornstalks. cotton stalks and all weeds
from the fence corners were plowed un-
der, but never burned. as Is common
practice in many portions OF the south.
Practically everything but the lint cot.
ton and portion Of the seed was re-
turned to the land in some form or other.
No commercial fertilizer of any kind has
been used, except a little cottonseed
meal under the oats.
with the increased organic content
came a corresponding increase IN the