The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1913-07-12
Continued from Last Week.

the CITY, the 1acC fortunately remains
that the people Of Toledo are peace
able: they love ana maintain order.
While here as elsewhere. there are, Of
course, violations Of law and many
conditions which we wish were other
wise, the people as a whole are al
law-observing as any that can be
found. and I. assert that there is no
city, no municipality, great or small,
in Ohio, in America, or in all the
world, in which the people as whole
are better or more moral than in To-
ledo. ~ -
Peace Not Menaced.
Fortunately the. peace of this city
has not for years been seriously
menaced or violated and this prob
ably is due not so much to tho laws,
or to tho efficiency Of conservators
and other officials or to the presence
or fear of policemen, as it Is to the
fact that the people are industrious
and peaceably inclined and have no
desire to engage in brawls or dis
turbances or to commit breaches Of
the peace.
My duty, according to the funda-
system, consists as I understand it, in
carrying out the will Of the people
of this city, not the best people alone.
not the wisest people alone, not the
good people alone, whoever they are,
not the people of any one class. This
includes, theoretically, those who
were opposed to my being mayor as
we'll as those who were in favor of
my being mayor, it includes the bad,
whoever they are, and the poor, and
all the rest. This is the theory,
though of course, practically, I can
not carry out the will of every man
and woman. I might say, as Carlyle
once said, that have many judges,
or, as the old proverb put it, HE
that builds by the wayside has many
masters"
ALI Persons, All Cree1s.
There are here in Toledo nearly
100000 persons, of different tongues,
races, creeds, interests, needs, tradi-
tons ideals views Of what. is 81.
and what is bad, what is wise and
what is foolish, what is expedient and
what is inexpedient. They differ on
all these points, each has his: own
notion of how L should act, each his
own conception of my duty, according
to his tradition, employment, educa-
ton, environment, economic condition,
etc.
They all differ in these respects,
they differ in largo divisions and
classes, differ in everything perhaps
except in the great fact Of their COM
mon brotherhood in humanity-tl1e
one pre-eminent fact unfortunately
ignored by men. Even you of this
committee, who are agreed on GER
tain points perhaps would not agree
on all points touching my duty: how
then do you think the matter stands
with whole densely packed popula-
ton, dwelling together on, a few
square miles Of land, speaking score
Of tongues and with all those curious
and inscrutable differences that mark
a cosmopolitan population?
Many Theoretical Remedies.
There are, to be sure, on the scrolls
of the state, and on the books OF the
city, statutes and ordinances which
forbid the commission of certain sins,
and even enlarge venial offences to
the proportions Of crimes for the sake
Of prohibiting them, and having
enacted this legislation society seems
to be content because a theoretical
remedy has been provided against
evil. All that remains, according to
the theory, is to "enforce' these
statutes and ordinances, and the evils
will vanish, the sins cease.
But these remedies are theoretical
only. They do not as I have said,
search out the mysterious and OBJ
scure causes of crime; they are con-
cerned solely with the symptoms or
surface indications of those deeply
hidden causes. But, however that
may be, these statutes and ordinan-
ces can be administered only by hu-
man agencies, and in their admins
tration are encountered human OBJ
stacles.
1t is easy to utter words and to
employ phrases, such as law enforce
ment," etc. In what does the "en-
forcement" of a law or statute con-
sist? 1t consists, according to one
opinion, in the following: In a city
there is a man, called a mayor be-
cause he has been voted into an office
my a majority. OF the people; there
is another man called director OF
public safety chosen by the mayor;
there is still another man, called a
chief Of police, selected in a differ
ent manner, and there are still others,
more numerous, selected in still
another way, called policemen, who
wear garments Of =. certain color,
fashioned in aacertain, but uniform,
manner, and fastened by gilt buttons
There are still others, called officials,
each with his distinct title, such az
Judge Of the police court, turkeys
! superintendent of the house Of cor
! rection, guards, gaolers, ETC.
What "Aut1ority'' Does.
All Of these men, though called Of.
! ficials, are nevertheless men, and the
only real distinction. between them
/ and other men is that they have what
! is called auth ority,''' that Is there
are those called subordinates. who dc
! what they are told to do: Thus the
! mayor tells the director of public
safety to enforce a law, whereupor
the director of public safety tells th(
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