The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1913-03-23
v I K G. / N I A
Courtesy of the Catholic Encyclopedia

States
cries the annual outpnt totaling $7.5oo,000. thus
distributed oysters. $500, 900; crabs and clans
$1,000 900 m 4n,d ade fish s1,25o,ooo from
increase over four years is 500 per cent. OF the
nearly 5000 square miles of salt water bottom.
1000 acres set aside for oyster planting and
about 100000 acres as reserve, making the Yir
gina waters of the greatest oyster sections in
the world. Underwater abounds in waterfowl, such
as the canvasback. black mallard water goose and
teal There are various species of birds, including
qualls woodcocks and sora, with some wild deer.
bears foxes and wild turkeys, and many rabbits.
squirrels, opossums, muskrats and lesser game
Every wood. except the sub-tropical, including
the valuable hard woods. is grown in Virginia The
Underwater section contains vast forests of pine and
gum. In the inland region abound the oak, wal
nut hickory, chestnut. beech. birch, maple poplar,
ash cherry, elm and sycamore whist the noun
tans rich in white pine. spruce and hemlock.
The bark Of the oak and sumac leaves are much
used in tanning and dyeing. In 1909 there were
2102,0O0 600 feet of cut lumber. an increase
ten years of over 100 per cent
Beneath the soil of Virginia found geologic
rocks of all with almost every known mineral
Of commercial value. The estimated yearly mineral
output in 1906 was $4,000 600. The minerals may
he divided into (1) building and ornamental stone.
including the famous Richmond and Virginia gran
ties. sandstone. slate and limestone: CD cemen,
and cement materials CD clays, sands marls and
gem minerals: (4) metallic minerals embracing
iron copper zinc lead, gold silver tin, nickel and
cobalt; in 1910 Virginia produced 100000 tons Of
iron and 444,976 tons of pig iron; CD
metallic minerals. including graphite. suphides,
sulpharsenides the halides, embracing sodium
chloride or common salt oxides silicates. phos-
pilates nitrates, sulphates and the hydrocarbons.
namely, coal, coke and their by-products,
State 1900 square miles OF coal fields,
the production (ls1O) being 100000 tons. ans!
of coke. l.435.0O0 tons. In 1910 the shipment of
coal from Hampton Roads was greater than from
any other port in the world. Newport News alone
exported $4,000 tons (value, S2,0S3,000).
Manufactures-ln 1909 the output III manufac
lures amounted to s219.794,0oo capital S216,-
$4,000 All increase over 1900 of more than 100
per cent. The output from iron and machine
works alone in 1911 was s24,14S,o00; capital,
$24.9S2O 900; wages, sS,206.000; and from tobacco
nj ri
wages, S2,37S000. Some of the other principal
products, in order of output. are -four and grst,
woodenware, leather, cotton goods paper and pulp.
and boots and shoes The total manufacturing
capital in l912 should reach s26O,O0o.oOo. with
output of about S2S5.000,000. If to these last
figures is added the value OF the products Of farms.
fisheries. forests and mines. the yearly production
100000
Banking, Real Estate; Insurance. There were
With totai resources. 1913 600. marked in
crease since 1900 The resources of State banks
(Apri. 1922 amounted to $7S.S62. 900 In Rich
mond alone the bank clearings 1slD were s%a22,-
100000: deposits. s45.sOO.ooo; loans and dis
counts. s43,o0oo0o. The total valuation of real
estate G911), other than mineral lands and stand
ing timber s4S6,33s, 900 divided follows:
counties s267923,Oo0; cities. s21S416.0oO. OF
the total. the whites owned S461,242 900; the
groes. S25,097,600. The building operations in
the city of Richmond eoualed s60l7,O0o. The
gross insurance risks written in Virginia G9lOD
follows: fire insurance, s3l 1885,, 900;
rne insurance. s2l,s97,ooo; life insurance. S225.-
$1,000.
peake Bay and its numerous nlets. with large navi-
gable rivers give Virginia direct water communi-
cation with every seaport Hampton Roads, the
manoeuvring place OF the United States fleet. is
considered one OF the worlds finest bodies OF water.
Extensive shipping is carried on by Norfolk (l9l1):
exports. s1o,SS0,000; imports, S2,01O,000). New
port News exports s5,S2l00O; imports s9S2,-
ooo). Portsmouth and Fort Monroe The principal
river ports are Richmond, on the James; Peters
burg, on the Appomatto1: West Point. the
York; Fredericksburg, on the Rappahannock. and
Alexandria, on the Potomac. The steam railroads
listed separately. fifty. The total mileage u3lG)
4.609. The principal lines are the Atlantic
Coast Line Chesapeake and Ohio New York Pha-
delphia and Norfolk. Norfolk and Western, Rich
mond. Frederick sburg and Potomac Seaboard Air
Line, Southern, Virginia and Southw estern Virgin
ian, and Washington Southern. There twenty
two electric railroads. some of great length extend
ing between cities. Much is being done for public
highways by the good roads movement due in part
to the increasing use OF automobiles.
l'ducation.--A. Genera-The Constitution
quires the General Assembly to maintain an eff
Gent system of public free education. The schools
for whites and negroes are separate, for both of
Which annual appropriations are made. The State
appropriations for 1912 than double
those OF the last six years being as follows: ele
men,ary and high schools. sl7$3,oS1; higher in
situations approximately $500, 900; total. So 233,-
oSl The oca funds raised from taxation and
otherwise Tor elementary and high schools amount
ed TO s3,434.357, giving grand total for public edu-
cationa purposes OF s5.667,43s State aid is re-
fused TO all UNCONVENTIONAL schools although pro-
vision is made for their incorporation as also for
that OF all religious and charitable institutions.
Statistics OF public schools t1a11) show: school
population, 6l6,16S; total enrolment 4O9397; in
nigh schools. l6,41l; average daily attendance,
263 ,24l: teachers. 1876: number OF school
houses 6S3S; school revenue. s5,073 900; salaries
OF teachers, S2.935.00 annual cost Of buildings
$lo2l 1000; Libraries and class apparatus $4,000
,otai value school property sS553 900. all increase
IN SIX years OF over 100 per cent. The University
OF Virginia was begun by Thomas jefferson in 1873.
mere are departments of law and OF medicine. 1t
numbers amongst its graduates OF the State s
most INDUSTRIOUS sons. In 1911 there were ninety
SIX professors, twenty four officials 1874 students,
ana including the summer school. 2070. Other
"uEahced state Institutions are William and Mary
College, Virginia Polytechnic Institute Virginia
nhItary institute. Miller Manual Labor School and
me STATE female Normal School. Among private
Hchools, washing ton and Lee University, Lexing-
toh win Ia" school, and the Lynchburg Women s
oi!ese IKE the University Of Virginia, have a
n'Eh rank Other colleges, many OF denomna-