Hermanner Volksblatt. [volume] (Hermann, Mo.) 1875-1928, 1913-11-28

of transplanting Is complete the plant
should stand one or two inches deeper
than 1t stood In the nursery.
In the case Of the apple n the
pear the fruits are borne upon spurs
Of the previous years growth only.
these spurs appearing on wood n
year or more Of age. Heading In or
shortening each shoot of the seasons
growth. therefore. must be done with
care In order not to reduce the bear
ing wood beyond a profitable limit.
The bearing shoots are usually OBJ
scureIy located upon the sides OF the
branches.
With the peach. however. 1t is the
wood of the last seasons growth upon
which the fruits are directly borne,
land with them heading In may be sue
cessfully employed to limit the quand-
ty OF fruit borne by the tree. japanese
plums bear on both year-old wood and
spurs. Pruning may therefore be used
to thin the fruit. the same as In the
case of the peach.
The grape bears its fruit on shoots.
OF the season. which In turn usually
arise from canes of the previous years
growth. Old wood on the grape Is
therefore Of little value; hence the de-
velopment Of so many systems OF
training which maintain only a single
permanent trunk. from the top OF
which the bearing canes are renewed
each year.
BY planting the vines closely n
carrying up single trunks to a fixed
height and from the top of the stalk
carrying out horizontal arms along
which spurs" are maintained a short
growth from each spur will be sufh'
cient to give a uniform and sufficiently
dense canopy of leaves for the arbor.
Raspberries and ~blackberries both
bear their fruits on short shoots which
arise from canes Of the previous e a
sons growth.
In the case Of the currant and goose
berry the fruits are produced on both
old and new wood. The fruits appear
as axillary growths from the shoot 1t.
self, and wood three years or more OF
age is improbable and should be nj
away.
Strawberries are rarely produced In
profitable quantities by plants more
than one year old. Plants over two
years of age should be rooted out to
give room for new ones.
The interest Of a fruit garden may
be greatly enhanced by growing there
In plants not adapted naturally to the
climatic region in which the garden
is located. The most hardy sort should
be selected, In addition to which the
fruiting shoots may be wrapped in
mating, covered with straw, and the
fruits thus successfully protected, or.
IL it seems desirable, temporary sheds
may be built over the plants and these
matched with straw or fodder suffi-
GENTLY to protect them from frost.
Then, again, semi-hardy sorts may be
tipped over by cutting the roots on n
side, bending the branches close to the
soil, pinning them down and then Gov
ering the whole plant with mating and
earth or a straw thatch and earth.
The fact that trees can be grown as
uMdll6 40 wei 40 Wan "a
able n to utilize a space which had
previously been considered unsuited
for the development of a tree. In pro-
portion to size dwarf trees are more
fruitful than standards, and they come
into bearing sooner.
Dwarfing is accomplished by bud
ding or grating robust growers on
slow growing stocks, and most tree
fruits lend themselves to this treat
ment. Besides this method of modifi.
cation, there are other methods quite as
important to the owners of small areas.
Standards may be grown as bushes
or as ''pyramids.' thus making 1t pos
sible to grow them much closer togeth-
er. Pruning and training used In com
bination have Shown the possibilities,
of restricting plants to the "espalier,"
Gordon and other styles of training
employed in growing fruits against
walls. These methods not only allow
plants to be grown more closely than
is common in orchard practice, but
they allow the grower to take advan-
tage of locations and conditions under
which trees could not develop nor
mally.
Besides the advantage of dwarfing,
grating may be turned to good ac-
count to enable the owner OF few trees
to increase his sorts beyond the limits.
of the trees he possesses. There are
single trees known which bear as many
as $50 varieties of apples.
In addition to the advantages to be
gained from restricting the growth of
plants by training and dwarfng, some
of the methods Of training offer adapa
tations which allow of combining
plants Of various habits of growth to
the advantage Of the grower and with
little or no disadvantage to the plants.
To illustrate this, currants may be
combined with grapes. apples with cur.
rants or raspberries, grapes and straw.
berries.
The advantages Of these methods be-
come apparent at once when the OBJ