The sun., 1913-10-26

world over as the most perfect tyne Of
internal combustion engin. in exi.tenc.
and there can he no doubt that it has at
least doubled the resources OF tn. uni
verse rs regards tn. production of mo,iv.
powc. The engine itself dcpalts greatly
from other types. In II air alone is drawn
into the cylinder on the charging stroke
the air ia compressed on tn" return stroke
70 very high pressure, generally to more
than 400 pounds 20 tn. square inch
This compression raises the air to incar
descence and heavy oil is then injected
into the incandesccnt air ny small
portion OF air compressed to still higher
point. The oil ignites AT once az il enters
the combustion space aud so power
impulse IL pbtan hut without explosion.
The pressure does not rise above the pres
sure II the oil injection.
The difference between the ordinary
steam engine and the Diesel engine is ina I
in the former the fuel Is burned in n
furnace apart from the cylinders whereas
the Diesel engine, being of the internal
combustion type. consumes its fuel inside
the cylinders. 1t differs from the ordinary
automobile motor in the following impor-
tant features:
l. In the automobile motor p light re.
fined spirit is used. while the Diesel en-
gine can be run on any kind OF crude
and LIQUID fuel, which OF course is much
g The Diesel engine. unlike the ordi
nary motor. is slow running engine
g. Tn the automobile motor a mixture
OF gasoene and air IL exploded by al
electrical spark, while in the Diesel en-.
gine. az already explained, air is com
pressed in the cylinders until it becomes
incandescent: oil IN forced into the CYL
inder by compressed air and IT ignites
Immediately without an explosion.
The Diesel engine therefore embodies
two original features: II operates al
compression pressures greatly higher thar
those used in other internal combustion
engines and it dspenses with the usua
ignilng devices by rendering the all
charge .incandescent by compression.
The first Diesel engine was at work IN
1893. but thousands are now in use
throughout the world and two are beine
constructed for German wa-ship, eacf
to be of 5000 horse -power. The best
known vessel fitted with Diesel engines
Is perhaps the Danish Salandia, which
recently made it's maiden voyage from
Copenhagen to Bangkok. 1t IL equipped
with two 200 horse power engines.
Americas first Diesel motor yacht. the
Idealia, was put to an official test on thu
Hudson River last Wednesday. and hei
performance was so remarkable that the
most pessimlstic were compelled to admit
that Il new epOcn In marine power was a
hand. The first to make practical de
monstratlon was the Electric Launch
Company Of Bayonne. That concern bull
yacht - feet long with II feet bean
and constructed a fuel engine Of 16t
horse power. To produce this engine cos
more than $4,000.
For the benefit Of some naval engineer,
and architects Henry II. Sutphen SAILED
the Ideala up the Hudson River, star
was made from the Columbia Yacht Clni
at the foot Of Elghty-sixth street shorti!
before II o'clock and the yacht ran Y
Croton Point and back. distance o.
about sixty miles. 1t took Ave hours Il
make the run. an average OF about twelv,
miles an hour. The engineers tested tn,
motors In every way. In starting. stopping
: and reversing and at high and low speeds
The motors used thirty-five gallons O
fuel oil. which cost 3A cents a gallon
Thus the cost OF fuel for the entire rul
was sL1<, or 10 cents a mile. n tn
yacht had been equipped with ~ gasolen
motor of the same power II would hav
used sixty-fve gallons Of Easolene. whici
al the present price of this fuel woul'
, have made the cost $3.50 for fuel alon
/ for the SIXTY mile, trip