davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-10-21
Deep Burrows
by GUM
by GUM

Party line telephones used in the
country have proven productive Of
much ear disorder, with here and
there black eye. ~.
The concern Of the hen with a new
brood IL hardly to be compared with
that Of boy over his first watch.
It Is funny that the most of US can
see an opportunity better from the
rear than from any other view point.
After all, most Of US get what we
are willing to work hard for. Judged
by the activities of some folks 1t would
seem that their most cherished am
bition was a snug berth in the county
poor farm.
Work and rest are both necessary.
but in the division the daughter should
be careful to see that her mother does
some of the resting.
With the table supplied from the
garden tended by the wife and all the
clothes and other things provided for
from the sale Of butter and eggs, also
the products Of her labor, it would
seem small Job for the farmer to
Just make money.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-10-21
SUCCESS IS THE RESULT OF WATCHFULNESs

Nothing h more discouraging than
lot Of lambs Of various ages, uneven
In size, running with a flock of ewes
that would, had they been given the
opportunity, have LANDED at the same
period. For the past month or two
the ram should have been In lot by
himself and eating all the nice juicy
grass he desired.
The value of such grass plot can
hardly be over estimated. 1t gives the
ram tender bit of picking, causing
him to take sufficient exercise to keep
him in the best Of trim.
Supplement this with an abundance
Of fresh water, little salt and a trife
OF oats, and we have, q combination
guaranteed to give results in the line
OF big, strong. vigorous sire.
A practice that is common with
English breeders and which our
farmers must eventually follow is the
hard coupling of ram and ewes.
The American farmer turns his ram
with the ewes and trusts to luck to
bring him a good crop. He does not
know whether the ram Is safely set
thing the ewes or not.
Too often the ram abuses himself,
to the detriment Of the latter part Of
the crop. Then too the exertion from
running around, as a ram in a bunch
Of ewes usually does. undermines tis
vigor.
Compare this with your English
farmer. The ram is kept to himself
all the time except when he is led
out to the ewes. He gets his allowance
of grain and his bite of grass, no mat
ter how hard pressed the farmer IL
for feed, for ne knows too we'll that a
handful Of grain given to the ram is
as good as one given to each Of the
ewes. -.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-10-21

recklessly yet more understandings
by the urbanites. Automobiles are as
yet too expensive to play with and it
to make sure he thoroughly under
stands it. He will want to be able to
talk intelligently about cylinders. car
bureters. magnetos. tires md the
running 1t, so as to be economical OF
both fuel and repairs.
countless parts Of car. He will want
to know all about the mechanics Of
The Illinois State Legislature last
winter repealed the act which pro-
vided for a bounty Of 10 cents per
head on crows, rs cents on ground
hogs and s cents for each crow egg
destroyed. One reason as given for the
repeal Is that some farmers had gone
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-10-21

know by the mark on her back rust
when she will lamb.
When lambing time approaches
there is no question about when eve
should lamb. He has the records a
glance and he has the whole story be-
fore him. A sharp contrast to the
farmer who has to tell by suess''
about when eve Is to lamb, and who
consequently looses q high per cent
of his crop.
Is it too much trouble to do THAI
Is 1t too much trouble to set your
corn planted in time or to harvest
your oats when ripe?
Your lambing season 10 your haEs
vest. It awaits you, but the time Of
harvesting (giving birth to lambs -
uncertain, unless you know by your
records when to expect It.
But I know when I turned my ram
out. They will come In sometime in
March. Isn't that enough without
being 50 exact?''
You plant oats In April. Tell yous
man to harvest In July. Isn't that
definite enough?
"Of course not" You say. II must
be there to see when the time IL ripe.
A day may mean constderAb bic loss"
Right you are. A day, aye, IN hours
delay at the lambing pen may mean
the loss Of lamb; So to SO In value
next June--a years work with an ews>
lost for the want Of little time ~
the right moment.
/ Brother farmer, It II these little
things that count. They mark the
! difference between the progressive
farmer and the shiftless or Indifferent
! between the business farmer and the
work horse kind between the money
maker and the looser. between success
and failure. We are all Of US either
one or the ether.-E. II. J.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-10-21
PLEASURE AND PROFIT In MODERN BEE KEEPING

aged, as It may we'll form q vocation
for the young as we'll as for the old,
for those living in the city as we'll as
those living in the country, for the
hale and hearty as we'll as those suffer-
however, should be laid upon the I'm
portance of beginning in small way
and developing as ones interests and
love for beekeeping enlarges. In the
wintertime and on rainy days the bee
keeper gets his hives in readiness for
the coming honey flow. When spring
comes and tho bees begin to fly, a
short time spent examining the bees
will furnish information as to their
condition. 1t is not advisable, how
ever, that the hives be opened at this
time If the weather Is cool. The con-
dition Of the bees in the spring will
usually be an index as. to how they
were prepared for winter. Bees which
are strong and active are those which
had plenty of honey and a strong
colony. Even in the States where bees
winter we'll out of doors, care should
be taken to see that they have plenty
Of honey, surplus Of Is to 80 pounds
will be sufficient.
Like all other industries when first
undertaken, beekeeping should begin
in a simple way. II you are not
acquainted with bees it is best to begin
with one colony and one or two good
books on beekeeping, and subscribe for
one of the best bee journals. Study
the living bees and your publications
together. 1t will take only a compare
lively short time--about one season
to increase your colonies and prepare
for making honey.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-10-21
STUDY THE MECHANISM OF YOUR
.. AUTO.

I have had occasion recently to at
tend many gatherings where great
many people from both country and
city assembled. There were large
numbers Of automobiles present
usually, but the significant thing about
the automobile case was that so many
Of the farmers did not seem to know
how to handle their machines. The
Nanner in which they abused their
motor, their gears and burned up
Easoaine was a crime. Not that they
were reckless or careless, for these are
mot rural faults, and they thought
they wure doing all right. But. their
maehtnss were not In nearly as good
Trim ~ those which were used more
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-10-21
FEEDING SUGGESTIONS.

Give the ram about one pound Of
bran daily with all the green food he
can eat Good feeding during the
breeding period is one Of the essen
tails to the production of sound and
vigorous lambs.
It saves a lot of work to dump the
corn for cattle on the ground and let
them dig 1t out Of the dirt at their
convenience, but 1t Is a mighty ex
pensive form Of laziness
AS the hard work eases up on the
horses. cut down their feed accord
ngly. s.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-10-21

As a side line considering the ex-
pense Of installation, there is no more
interesting and profitable business
than beekeeping. Not only is this true
for the fruitgrower and farmer, but to
the residents Of cities, those in mer-
camille and professional lines. Some
of the best beekeepers are women.
True 1t is that time and attention and
preliminary knowledge are necessary;
but experience will be gained rapidly
when tho living bees are studied In
connection with printed Instructions.
A visit to an apiary conducted by a
practical beekeeper will furnish valu-
able suggestions and interest in the
work. No one who wishes to derive
the greatest pleasure and profit from
his bees should expect the little fellows
to do good work unless provided with
suitable hives. Do not for a moment
attempt to keep bees in hollow logs or
plank boxes; instead have modern
hives which can be opened from time
to time so that the true condition of
your bees may be studied. Surplus
honey may be taken of without de-
stroying your bees, or even disturbing
them. Should your bees become dis
eased It win be an easy matter. with
a separable hive. to inspect them an
determine the cause.
From frequent written articles and
lectures on beekeeping we are led to
believe that anyone, without prepara-
ton, can make a success in beekeep-
ing. Too many times the drawbacks
met by nearly every keeper Of bees are
not mentioned: neither is due import
ance placed upon the preliminary
knowledge Of beekeeping. Bookkeeping
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-10-21
ny A. A. JOHNSON.

the Ua1tsd States. And white these
changes show advancement. and this
Advancement u 70 be welcomed, at the
same time Il has taken away from
the homo kind Of training which
u essential to the full development of
the individual for successful home
buNding. The realisation Of the edu-
eatdonal loss occaaoAed by the trlns-
fer OF these domestic industries to
factories in cities and the growing need
Of something to take their place in the
educational system. has brought about
Of agriculture and domestic economy.
In many Of the states throughout
the Union thoughtful educators have
come to realize the importance Of de-
veloping the rural phases Of industrial
education. With this object in view.
many states have esta blished and
others are considering the esta blish-
ment Of secondary schools of agricul-
ture and domestic economy. OF the
more firmly established schools of this
nature may be mentioned the congress
sional district agricultural schools Of
Georgia and Alabama, the judicial
district agricultural schools Of Okla
honaa, the four district Agricultural
schools Of Arkansas, the Agricultural
high schools OF California, Minnesota
and New York, and the county agri-
cultural schools of Wisconsin and
Michigan. All Of these schools have
one common object, that Of dignifying
farm labor and teaching boys and girls
the industries which are now 20 rap
idly vanishing In the rural homes Of
America.
Wisconsin was the flrst state in the
Union to organize q county school Of
agriculture and domestic economy.
The early history Of secondary agri-
cultural education In Wisconsin dates
back to 1899, when the state legis-
lature appointed commission to "in-
vestigate and report upon the methods
Of procedure in this and other states
and counties, in manual training and
in the theories and arts Of agriculture
in the public Mschools. After a
thorough investigation. a report was
submitted to the governor Of wiscon-
sin January. 1901. This report COW
cred the work done In secondary agri-
cultural education in the various states
Of the Union, also different countries
In Europe. At the conclusion Of this
report, DR.. Harvey, the commissioners.
recommended that, through Legislative
enactment, authority be given the
county boards OF supervisors to estab.
fish and maintain schools. to be known
az county schools. for instruction In
agriculture and domestic economy. and
that state aid be given to these schools
when organised and established on a
basis to be approved by state
authority.
He also fsconme ended a course OF
study that he considered most suitable
for these schools. The legislature Of
1901 passed = law embodying the re-
concentrations OF DR.. Harvey, and
permitted the establishment Of two
schools. This law has since been
amended to permit the establishment
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-10-21

Probably no movement in educa-
ton has received as much attention
in. the past few years as has that
which pertains to the practical phases
of farming and home making. The
Importance of this movement can
easily be seen when consideration 10
given to the decreasing fertility Of
lands in the United States
during the last twenty years. and the
relative decrease in farming popula-
ton. From recent Investigations 1t
was found that probably 100000
people live in cities and S1.000,000 re-
main ON the farm, when only . few
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-10-21
Storing Vegetables
For Winter

Not all vegetables require the same
treatment, and 1t must be understood
that the kind Of storage that IL good
for one would be fatal 10 Another.
Cabbages. parsnips. satisfy ana carrots
are not injured by Pressing, irish po-
tatoes. celery and apples will stand
light freeze, while sweet potatoes will
be ruined even by frost
have not often kept great
amount Of vegetables In q cellar, and
prefer the outdoor pits. especially foV
apples, celery and the vegetables that
are not injured by freezing. dig
a shallow trench wide enough for two
rows Of heads, pull the cabbage By
the root, bury In the trench ana cover
with dirt, and IL does not matter
whether they are covered deep enough
for keeping out frost as cabbage will
thaw out and not be injured. provided
the thawins Is while In contact vAh
the dirt.
1t should not be stored until quite
severe weather but II 1t turns cold
suddenly so as to freeze the heads solid
it should be buried at once 30 that Il
may thaw out in the ground. Carrots
satisfy and parsnips are benefited by
freezing in the ground and turnips are
not injured.
All these are stored similar to thu
cabbage, being piled in conical heap
and covered with dirt
In order that they may b convsn-
lent to get at during the winter, cover
the dirt with straw or fodder 20 that
the ground will not freeze more than
few inches.
Irish potatoes should be buried In .
slight depression, have straw placed
under and on top, then covered with
dirt, or stored In the cellar they may
be piled down In one corner - moist.
ure does not hurt them, and they
should be kept as cold - possible
without Pressing.
Apples are kept the Same way -
potatoes and It adds to convsnienos IN
handling IL the pit ID kept dry BY
movable shed or short boards.
| Apples are much better kept this
way and only few should be kept In
the cellar for immediate use.
Celery must be stored In moist earth
whether in the cellar or pit
Sweet potatoes must be dug bsfoss
there - any frost II they sre TO b
kept long. II the vines are bitten ~
frost cut them OF irnnasdiatsly aud
dig the potatoes IN few days.
It Is necessary that they be kept
above the frost point, about IS degrees
being the ideal temperature.
It is also essential that they b
kept dry with a free circulation Of air
and possibly the best building for
keeping large quantities wouid be Of
brick or stone, heated by . furnace.
Where few are wanted for horne use.
. box or barrel OF dry sand or road
dust IL a good place to keep than.
and this should be Kept in room
where the temperature y not allowed
| to ret below 40 degrees. or It mey b
in the cellar II kept up from the moor
land where there is good circulation
Of air.
Permanent pits walisd, with boards
and covered with an open shed are
excellent storage places for Nearly I'll
kinds of winter vegetables. prefer
those to the cellar for best results
especially with apples. celery And Apos
crope-C. 8. Miller.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-10-21

he ewes bred, the date and anything
else that may be needful.
The pure bred owner takes the ear
tag number of his eve and her date Of
breeding is put down on his flock
record. The grade sheep owner marks
his ewes in some conspicuous manned.
: For instance the first week he uses
red paint placed on the hip, the second
week on the back, the third on the
shoulder, etc. Different colors Of
paints being used it is possible to
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-10-21

In supplying hens with necessary
fresh air there IS no necessity Of ex-
posing them to draughts. The modern
method of Keeping hen house pro-
perly ventilated is to have what is
commonly called an open front. The
old method was to make them as air
tight as possible. To obtain what was
then called ventilation, various forms
Of ventilators were made. some from
the floor and others from the top.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-10-21
ae.a.-.. nemov,n~ stu.nps WIN Dynamite.

years ago tho bulk Of the populstton
resided in the farming districts.
Formerly when free land was
abundant and the soil fertile, little
difficulty was experienced in the grow
ing Of crops. At that time, also, prac-
tically ali tho food ana much OF tho
clothing used by the farmer and his
family were produced In the home,
the homes themselves being built from
trees in the neighborins forests. Now
these conditions have changed mater
tally. Most Of the Industries have
been taken away from the farms and
are now found In factories throughout
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-10-21

When evening comes, the farmer
leads his ram out to where the ewes
are gathered for the inspection Of the
ram. The lead is loosed from his
halter and he quietly proceeds to in
spect the flock. One Is found in heat,
she is served and the shepherd quietly
removes her while the ram continues
in his inspection.
When all have been served the ram
is removed and record is made of
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-10-21

Of ten schools. These schools are free
to Inhabitants OF the county, who are
qualified to pursue the course Of study,
provided they shall have at lesst the
qualifications required for completion
OF the course Of study for common
schools.
largely adapted to the conditions found
in the counties where such schools are
located. Special efforts are made to
furnish additional opportunities for
schooling to the - out OF every 100
rural and urban school children who
would otherwise finish their education
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-10-21

with the common schools. These
county schools are, strictly speaking,
agricultural trade schools and have
for their sole object the educating Of
the farmers' boys and girls who do
::.ct wish to take up In extensive col
get that form Of training which will
be most useful to them when they take
charge Of the home farm or the farm
home. The school Is made the edu-
cational center Of the community. and
the farmers are free to call upon 1t for
assistance In any line Of work per-
TALKING to farming and home making.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-10-21
BY G.. NJ. BENTLEY

today is coming to be restricted more
to the expert than to- the general
farmer The day when nearly every
farm in the State had few hives Of
bees has passed. It has been found
that to keep bees in followed out
log or soap box; to rob them once a
year and get mixture Of poor honey
and dead bees, Is neither a pleasant
nor profitable business. Bees kept In
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-10-21

OF, two after putting into it two dozen
eggs which had just been delivered by
the grocer was surprised to find
therein several downy chickens tumb-
ling about. They were removed to
basket and covered with warm cloth
and are now alive and doing we'll
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-10-21

A good live man In q good cornhei0
can select and store 500 ears OF corn
in day. Allowing for very careful
re-selection, 500 ears OF corn will plant
10 acres Properly selected seed corn
is worth bushels per acre. days
work now means SO bushels Of corr
next year. "Can you beat -"
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-10-21

Professor Eckels Of the Dairy De-
partment OF the Missouri Station Efves
this rule of feeding dairy COWS: Feed
one pound a day for each pound OF
butter fat produced per week. or one
pound Of grain per day for each thrso
pounds of milk. Better get pair u
scales for the dairy.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-10-21
Care 0ne-haf IN
Poultry Profit

~ 49, ->x
- 49, - 49, ,.o-,... go
49, ,-tu - -, ~. 49,. 80 non
rr:i. pa..r- -, 49, 49, =. 80.
$1,000. =, 1s1r... 4--~-<
w,.t ~. $500, .~.~., u
49, ~A.s -, -. ~M- an
a,nna ,. $500. - c,,-e,r4
r..rs.,&. s.I... r.xs,. ~. y-S,,-
-. ..r~...lw 80 49, -.r,,rnwA.
go r...~ -. o. h,,.v 800. out
~ a,sr.- ~ 49, ~. -.-t..- 49,
80. s.A..,Ss. .ho-t $780, 1900
u.t,~ nr,..-- ,.rA,rtr..s 4, .v.rv
.~... ~ ~. .
W. ~s- :. -. ~..,..- -. ..
80. So .,,. "a. es-N -. 49,.
-, &C.,. - 1890 ~,.o- .h.A.. -
-. 80 $500 r.-s.- W. $780, -. !.
-. ..,,.~S - ~ ....4,s -
at.,.s. - A.. 80. - ri. A.m.x
80 .,s... =.
a.s..s 80. g. rI~n.-~ !,
So ~ .sv,->w - 80 ~. ..,,n-
~ ,,,,.nI.. ~. ..-,- ~ %,,..u az.
,,nno-+srt :,
ch,f.Ia.sr.,s o,... x,~,.,-
,er,encas Th.ra "a syrs - n. nroeI+
+, .ry+hIr1 Nv. ~. 80. -, srnr..s
4. aocorains - ,nars s.,rsnt pront.
danend mon IN. nwalitv IVA una t,tv
~ hra1n ro-L mt into 80 srtsrrrs..
- nav nsrror,o. ~. worr IN .
rac,artno1 NOV 10 will MT Ia ~
~ M :, u,au ,rhsr. ~. w., 49,
who 20 nv .Iu.r, Thsv An not .toy,
81 think rh.v 40 Mt +ok. no+tc. -,
Inc ,ftt1e matters Tbav sro aI~.v.
hnrrv,nv ~ ~s+ d,n.
- ,s s.ia 1u.,tt,, ,.k ,-,. IN.
/, costs. cnnsidarah,. iahar 90 h..,a.
,...
c,,rt.;,s e~nsn,s srccss.f,,, no,,rr,,-
~ an use GOOD coror,on sanse nsthods
Soma o+h.rs h,t ,;+tI. n,o+hos 800
,,,s sonoa ~ .n,, r,s+h,a ~ ~,
rv,rd Inrt 10 garar.,,,, hro,,~h,
mot, ,r n,..s.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-10-21

There is no better feed for young
ducks than bits Of food from the
kitchen. They are perhaps the best
balanced food that can be obtained
for all kinds Of fowls.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-10-21
A PRETTY WARM TIME.

The hottest weather story Of the
season comes from Winfield, Kansas,
and has to do with the Matching Of
eggs in a refrigerator at the home Of
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-10-21

Along the highways at Topsham,
~ e.. where new state roads are being
built, wild apple trees outside the old
stone walls are being grated with
summer apples. Big trees bear metal
signs informing the public that the
fruit Is for public use, simply request
ing care and consideration.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-10-21

A grape arbor, wherever it is placed
about the home makes beautiful
out-of doors retreat for the family and
their friends
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-10-21

Corn seldom ripens uniformly. Early
selection Of seed corn ensures early
maturity In succeeding crops
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-10-21

into the business Of raising ground
hogs and protecting crows for the
bounty. r.-
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-10-21

necessary. E s.e
these conditions have in many cases
become so weakened, doubtless from
disease-American and European foul
brood, or both-tfat the bee moth has
easily overcome the colonies. r-
1t is fact that Bookkeeping can be
conducted prof1tably when managed
carefully by putting into practice what
has been found out by experts In the
management and use of modern appli-
ances. Beekeeping should be encour-