davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington herald., 1913-06-01
German Army Officer Compares
Forces of United States and Japan

stand: United States, sss,s4s; Japan.
japan has in course Of construction a
battlesilip Of the Dreadnought class,
known as the Fuse. which in tonnage. ac-
cording to report. will exceed any vessel
in the American navy. She is to be of
5000 tons displacement. The American
construction Of a Dreadnought battleship
to be known as the Pennsylvania to be
of $1,000 tons displacement. She will not
be ready until 1916
war Might BE Advantageous.
The question considered by military au-
thorities In whether Japan would not
find 1t advantageous to seek war. She
is facing home problems from which the
minds Of her people might be distracted
by foreign conflict. At the same time
she might, by far with the United States.
be able to gain control Of the Hawaiian
Islands or the Philippine Islands. and
in that way gain room for her rapidly
increasing population.
A large part of Japan is impossible OF
cultivation. The result is that the feed
task. and It has become very important
for Japan to enlarge her territory.
II has been the policy Of the japanese
government to encourage emigration.
More than 100000 Japanese are living
abroad, most of them In the United States
or its island possessions. There are some
7s,S74 japanese In the Hawaiian Islands
alone. By encouraging emigration Japan
managed to get just that many more
away from home. thereby escaping the
problem of feeding them and at the same
time Increasing the number of Japanese
who are studying and learning the ways
Of the Europeans.
As a result of the war with Russia
Japan's national debt was increased by
SIS 000. 600 She lost nearly 100000 men.
More than 100000 were wounded. Her
total national debt. foreign and interna-
tional. is today about 81, 450,00o. 900. and is
steadily increasing.
The Japanese army Is modelled after
the German. The peace strength Of the
The Washington herald., 1913-06-01
RELIGION AND SOCIAL SERVICE

lem of a downtown church with the
church-going population flowing farther
and farther away. Mr.. Jump entered
upon his task with good heart. and
unusual resources. He proved himself
an interesting and able preacher and
vigorous and undaunted leader. He laid
plans for the gradual upbrilding of a
church work IN downtown location.
But the church failed to rally to him
and with mutual good viii the pasto-
rate has terminated. Mr.. Jump has met
the situation with characteristic good
spirit, and after summer recreation in
the high Sierras will be prepared to re-
sumo work when and where the way
opens Meanwhile the First Church has
to face the double problem of new
pastor and of removal to another To-
cation. or union with an uptown
church. The pressure today is very
strong, especially among city churches,
as this case indicates, to resolve the
church into a business enterprise. to be
Judged merely by principles of business
success or failure.
1t is not often that will brings more
substantial and well-considered aid to re-
The Washington herald., 1913-06-01
ny Lteat. LUDWIG :. scnIkIsrEa.
tformerly Of the German Army,

By Lteut. LUDWIu - SSfshustsEE an .
Formerly Of the German AmyJ
In view of the protest OF Japan against
the anti-Japanese legislation of Cali
fornia, comparison Of the armies and
navies of the United States and japan
is interesting. While diplomats are gen.
orally agreed there is no probability OF
war. due to Japan's heavy, Indebtedness
resulting from the Russian war her
beligerent attitude has evidently aroused
American officials to realization of the
danger of armed conflict. with the ap-
parent result that mysterious movements
of troops are taking place. which. accord
ding to those In authority at Washington,
should not be accepted as in any way
significant
To begin with. In the event of war
with Japan, II is probable that almost
all of the fighting would be confined to
sea battles. The great burden Of the war
would be upon the navy. and in that
respect. the United States more than out
ranks Japan. Another very necessary
thing In event of war is money. and the
United States has not only the large
funds at hand, but unlimited credit,
neither of which has Japan.
On the other hand, however. Japan far
outclasses the United States with her
army Not only Is the army much
larger. but 1t is far better trained. for
the island empire has in her service
thousands Of seasoned veterans Of the
war with Russia. These are men who
have smelled powder and seen the Hash
of steel, who know something of the
hardships of the campaign. The United
States standing army is so hopelessly
small that in the event of war you would
-
The Washington herald., 1913-06-01

Iigious work than that Of the late Edward
Coleman. of San Francisco. recently pro-
bated. It's largest beduest Is that of
$4,000 to Pacific Theological Seminary.
In addition to 10000 already drawing in
terest Twenty-Five thousand dollars were
left to Mills College. The Northern Cali
fornia Home Missionary Society was set
forward on its way by, a gift of $4,000,
and the San Francisco Church Extension
Society with $4,000. The San Francisco
Y. NJ c. A. received $1,000. One OF the
most thoughtful and beautiful requests
was that of $4,000 to the Northern Cali
fornia Congregational Ministerial Relief
Fund. Mr.. Coleman was one Of two
brothers, Edward and John. who made
a fortune In the gold mines Of Grace
Valley in the earlier days and who later
removed to San Francisco. So strong
was the tie between the two that II is
said that for many years they kept a
common bank account. from which either
drew at will Mr.. Coleman was a man
not only of sterling integrity of character,
but one who was constantly doing quiet
deeds of thoughtful charity, man to
whom the needles eye proved no i'm
possibility.
The Washington herald., 1913-06-01
1.-THE INALIENABLE RIGHT TO REST"
By JOSEPHINE GOLDMAN
National Consumers League

TaA ,rxt.l ~ har
<'ms aas..s,,,. ,.,,-- =, \,
.ion "nien too.s s
DOT not ohiy III the uahsefous 'toue'' Du'
N any modern manuiacture'
The laws Hmitng the hours OF Iaoot iol
women nave II 10 .rue, peeh suS'a,ieu ",
.ne s,ouhu oi Mo ee.,.sn
uisapinees N oo ~ 80
the orect Ieiauuh uet"een .ne p... az, =.
,s' anu 'ne neA A,, se"s sa. .n Nh
Nv. a.. ~ 80 ,,s,,.;o,na, .nd nno,
Jeel " 'ne =. ps. .he, ,,.rss =.
ins. ;ras;a,aiu SaI,. rs,rih1tiop wben
,ha ,,h,,s,oIn,sc ,;r,i,s nave heen nassed
In either case IL is society which finally
navs the cost md in this fact lies the
iustification of the states Intervention.
.Soma aav nsrbans." said the Missis-
sinni court with fine discriminate '.the
inalienable right to rest will be the sub
iect OF LITIGATION, n.
The inalienable right forrest! This fine
phrase is indeed a new note, replacing the
more usual judicial preoccupation with
the freedom of contract guaranteed by
the constitutions theoretical right" to
be preserved at all costs, even when II
means in actual practice no freedom but
freedom to starve. TO this kind OF con-
stitutional right. the Mississippi court
refers in en- uncertain language.
we pause mere 10 remark the notaoie
TACT that II Is rare Tor the selier OF
labor the workman, TO appeal 10 the
courts for the preservation or his inaiien-
able rights OF labor; this inestimaole
privilege is generally the OBJECT OF the
buyers the employers disinterested
sohcitude. some DAY, perhaps the H.
alienabie right to rest VIII De the SUD-
ject OF litigation. but as yet this phase
OF individual liberty has not sought
shelter under the state or Federai con-
stitutions.
The MISSISSIPPI law IN question pro-
hibits the employment OF any person
more than ten hours a, day IN manufac-
turing or repairing except in cases OF
emergency or where public necessity
requires" The j. j. Newman Lumber
Company. which operates saw and
planning mill plant and a logging rail-
The Washington herald., 1913-06-01

extend their iabors over ten hours a day
and the Legislature could also decid
that the best interests of the people ir,
the State would be promoted by limiting
the time of work of this numerous class
of its citizenry to the time mentioned.
In fact, when We consider the present
manner of laboring, the use of machinery.
the appliances, requiring intelligence and
skill. and the general present-day man.
ner Of life, which tends to nervousness
It seems to us quite reasonable, and In
no way improper, to pass such law as
limiting a lays labor"
Again, upon the reargument, the court
said. In its second opinion:
THE concentration Of the human mind
and muscle. for many consecutive hours
upon the watching and manipulation OF
rapidly moving machinery, tends to
weary the body of the worker, and to
weaken his reasoning faculties, and. ul-
timately, to permanently impair his
physical and mental efficiency. Yet, COM
petition forced the laborer to take the
risk or starve'
The urgent question now arises
whether the ultimate authority. the SUI
preme Court of the United States, will
sanction the advanced stand of the Mis-
sissippi Supreme Court and thus open
the way for legislation in other States.
Counsel for the lumber company cited
the decision in the bakers case as the
precedent for holding invalid
the Mississippi ten-hour law. The court
replied: "A careful consideration of that
Use fails to show us that It should con-
troll the case before us"
Eight years have now elapsed since
the bakers case was decided. In the
interval, with this decision as prece-
dent, 1t has been considered practically
impossible to obtain relief by law from
the twelve-hour day, still prevalent in
many Industries for men. especially in
those continuously operated.
Now the Supreme Court of Mississippi
reopens the question and invites a new
answer. Two more years will probably
Intervene before the validity Of the Mis-
sissippi law will become before the Su-
preme Court af the United States, Ind
the question OF limiting mems hours OF
labor by law will again, after a lapse Of
ten years. be presented to the highest
tribunal of the land.
The Washington herald., 1913-06-01

any guarantee beyond this pledge of faith
We see no need.
1t rs obvious, however, that, to many
minds, moral faith of any kind can give
no guarantee of things material. Blin1
trust in human nature means nothing
when We are talking about such matters
as government and economic systems
We must have something more tangible
than this Is the cry, IL We are to be-
lieve that the new social movements of
the age are anything more than SO many
needless attacks upon the integrity OF
our civilization.
To this demand am confident that a
satisfactory answer can be given; auC
L md this answer, not in the field of
ideals, but in the field Of method The
guarantee of security, amid the chaos
about us. is to be found in the method Of
action characteristic of the true social
reformer of the times, which is nothing
less than the method Of exact science
Missionaries, dreamers. agitators, blind
propagandists, there are plenty in the
social field today, and many are thew
who follow whithersoever they lead. But
the reformer who really counts as an
influence at this moment, and, therefore,
may be regarded as typical of effective
social progress, is nothing more, and GER
tainly is nothing less, than a scientist
who makes society his laboratory, AMI
who follows therein the experts we'll
approved methods OF observation and ex
pertinent. The social leader of This new
age Is primarily an investigator, and only
secondarily reformer. His first demand
Is Tor facts; and only when these are
gathered In sufficient numbers, are cias-
sifed and tabulated and compared. and
then at last made to tell their tale, does
he draw his differences, formulate his
doctrines, snd lay down his programme
of reform. There is much of the prophet
in the true sociologist-much of the poet
much of the humanitarian and lover of
mankind. These qualities must never dis
appear, IL the social movement is to re-
main wholesome, idealistic and thus gem
timely benehcent. But at bottom, AZ
least for the present. must be the sci.
enlist as the perpetual guarantee of san
ity and safety.
Here now is the guarantee of security
FOR which 80 many cautious persons Of
our time are vainly seeking. So long as
we look upon the new moral and political
movements. which are SO Characteristic
OF our age. as mere agitations, we NAV
feel alarm for the future. It is when we
look closer, and see that behind the aRf-
tation for change, there IL the accuracy.
precision. and certainty Of the scientific
method. that We may feel that .aii is
well"
The Washington herald., 1913-06-01
Exclusive Service The Survey Press Bureaul

Exclusive Service The Survey Press Bureau.l
No general statute regulating the hours
of work for men in private employment
has hitherto been sustained. Only in
occupations manifestly dangerous to
health have the courts held that a
mans hours of labor may be limited by
law, or in an occupation like the rail-
road service, where public safety is at
stake.
Thus laws have been upheld establish
ing a maximum period of work for rail-
way employees on the ground that such
workers must have sufficient periods Of
rest to enable them safely to operate
trains 1t is recognized that the safety
of the public depends upon the physical
fitness of railway employees.
Almost twenty years ago the Unitet
States Supreme Court upheld the valid
ity of the Utah law, which limits the
work of men in mines and smeiters to
eight hours in one day. But this dect-
sion concerned the employment of men
in a dangerous underground occupation.
in which workers are subjected to great
heat and noXious gases. The law was
specifically upheld on the ground of
these dangers to health. In Q word, the
occupation was deemed by the court
sufficiently dangerous to justify the in
reference of the Legislature with the
laborers' so-called freedom of contract.
On the other hand. in the well-known
bakers case the United States Supreme
Court held, in effect. that the occupa-
ton of a baker was not sufficiently dan
gerous to health to warrant the limita-
ton of working hours by the State.
The Mississippi court in the Newman
Lumber Company case has broken groui:d
so far as the work Of men is concerned.
Its decision rests upon precisely the same
principle as that on which similar laws
applying only to women have been sus-
tanned by many courts including the Su-
preme Court of the United States itself,
namely, the broader conception of public
health and welfare; the right of a State,
under its police powers, to preserve its
The Washington herald., 1913-06-01
NEW STANDARD
IN COURT DECISIONS
ON LABOR LEGISLATION

The Supreme Court of Missis-
sippi has established a new stan
dard for other States to follow.
1t has handed down a decision
which marks a new epoch in the
progress of labor legislation.
This decision, which has passed
almost without comment, sus-
tains the validity of the Missis-
sippi ten-hour law. enacted in
March. 1912. other courts have
sustained other, ten-hour laws,
but the new and startling fea-
ture of the Mississippi decision
is that for the first time in the
history of the United States II
upholds, as a reasonable health
measure. a general law regulat-
ing the hours of labor in manu-
featuring industries applying to
men and women alike.
The Washington herald., 1913-06-01
Mexican Indians Are Fast
matchmaking Nth Whites

the dress Of the bellies of the place, so.
OF course, is not worn by all
These people generally lead the SIM
pie life. and while they cannot be called
progressive, yet they do take consider
able interest in education. some of them
being quite well informed. In their own
language they have scarcely any books.
and the prediction is made that the
language will die out in the near fu-
ture. They are not much given to amuse-
ments. The principal entertainment.
which. doubtless. they received from the
Spaniards, Is cock fighting.
Their furniture is very rude and SIM
pie. The beds are pieces of tent cloth,
each stretched between two poles, on
crossed legs like sawhorse; this, with
pillow and sheet, Is all one needs The
rest Of the furniture consists usually of
a few chairs. q table. and a few boxes
set up on benches, In which they keep
their clothes While these articles of
furniture are simple-looking objects. yet
when one attemps to lift them. he finds
they are very heavy. On asking what
they are made Of. he is told 'caoba' Una
hogany) At times pieces of wood used
as fuel for cooking will be found to be
of this material Think of using ma
hogany for cooking beans and tortillas,
Wet Blankets for Sleeping.
From September to March the weather
Is pleasant. but the rest of the year It
Is warm. In some places. they tell me,
1t Is even necessary to wrap the body
in a wet sheet in order to be able TO
sleep.
Although these people appear 50 sober
and even stoical. yet they are tender
hearted and affectionate. When one
comes into close relationship with them.
they are found capable of warm affec-
tion.. Nowhere in the republic is the
fraternal embrace given with more
hearty good will
The Washington herald., 1913-06-01
Do the New Movements in Government
and Industry Threaten Civilization?

mean the dissolution rather than tn.
healing of the patient.
What guarantee can you give us, amid
the utter chaos in which we are involved
that there is any real security for the
future?
What assurance can you offer that this
flood Of reform, which is certainly de-
stined to bear us far" will not break
its bonds and thus sweep us to de-
struction?
What reasons can you present for be-
lieving that We may safely try these I'M
tested schemes of political and industrial
revolution and still have anything left
of this great republic, which was founded
in the blood and tears of the fathers,
and was strengthened and extended by
the undaunted labors of four generations
of valiant sons? Is there anything which
may even partially persuade US that this
new movement really involves 1.-THE
strength and stability of the times?"
These are the questions which are be-
ing asked today by many a restless
heart, and they are questions which chal-
lenge a respectful answer.
There are some of us (of whom beg
to be counted oneD who find our all
sufficient reply to these inquiries in our
Astounding faith in humanity. We be-
lieve that in country where iIliteracy
Is at a minimum. general education on
the increase, caste barriers unknown,
freedom of speech, press. and assembly
granted and practiced, religious liberty
everywhere enjoyed, the people can be
trusted to control their own affairs.
This does not mean that the voice Of
the people is necessarily the voice of God
in all places and under all conditions.
But it does mean that the people, IL
given the privilege of responsibility and
due opportunity for self-knowledge and
self-instruction, will quite as often de-
eide for the right as for the wrong;
and that in the latter case will learn
from their experience of error the GER
tain way of avoiding similar blunders
In the future.
Thus, by the very practice Of their
freedom do the people grow In wisdom
and virtue. Thus. by the very fact Of its
operation does democracy itself. as water
purifies itself. Thus, does the voice of
the people become in course of time as
II IL were the voice of God. Which is
all we mean by the ancient maxim that
the cure for the ills of democracy IL
more democracy 1t is such a faith IN
the people that gives to many of US,
amid the political and Industrial trans
formations of the time, the guarantee
Of security which must be had. and for
The Washington herald., 1913-06-01
ny JOHN HAYNES HOLMES,
Church Of the Messiah. New York.
lEXclusiNe snrtica The Surrey Pres Bureal.l


Amid such a confusion of ''chance and
change as seems to be characteristic OF
our age in the various phases of its So
cial life. it is not surprising, perhaps, to
find that many persons, not overgiven to
timidity on ordinary occasions, are genu-
inely disturbed at the course which
events are taking, and are asking of the
agitators and reformers of the time. in
terms more and more insistent, what
guarantee they have to offer that their
words and works do not spell destruc-
ton for the whole existing fabric OF
civilization.
Those of Us who feel the thrill Of the
new movement of social transformation.
and hail the advent of the new day with
an exultation which leaves little place in
our hearts for any regrets for the pass
ing Of the old, do not always realize, 1
imagine, how numerous are the revo-
buttons of ancient custom which are in
volved in the demands which are being
pressed upon every hand. and therefore
fail to recognize the fears Tor the secu-
rity of the nation. which are latent in
many noble and devoted hearts.
What with the indefinite extension of
the machinery of our democracy by such
devices as the initiative, the referendum,
and the recall, which may well seem
subversive of that whole form of rep
resentative government which is at the
bottom of our constitutional system; the
multiplying assaults upon the integrity
and authority of our courts, which have
SO long been regarded as the very bull.
wark of our institutions; the call for the
active interference of the state with
the administration of industry in such
matters as workmen's compensation, the
eight-hour day for women and children.
the minimum wage, &c; the rapidly
growing sentiment of our people favor
Ing the Specialization of natural resources
and the public regulation, if not owner
ship, Of all means of production and dis
tribution-the whole great movement, IN
a word, for an unfettered democracy
upon the one hand and an unlimited So
ciel control upon the other-what with
all these startling Innovations sweeping
DOWN upon us at once, II is not surpris-
ing that many. an earnest soul is won
dering as to what the outcome OF 1t all
lie to be and is seeking rather vainly
for any evidence that these cures which
IRE being offered for our Ills DO not
The Washington herald., 1913-06-01


Japanese Russo war American soldiers
have many times proved their marksv
manship. as also have the Japanese.
While the United States has expended
huge sums upon battieships. SO has
Japan. The Mikado's empire commenced
constructing battleships with feverish
energy soon after the end Of the Russian
war. Already heavily In debt. Japan In
creased its Indebtedness, and q heavily
burdened the people with taxes that It
has now practically reached point
where 1t would be profitable to distract
the attention of the people with q war
scare. II not actual war, even though
that war would mean still heavier taxes
in the further contraction OF debt.
Comparison Of Navics.
Following is a comparison OF the sea
strength Of the United States and Japan:
The Washington herald., 1913-06-01
starefolk Trapped i'm Elevate

From the New York American.
Charles Frohman. Miss Julie Opp Mrs.
Edwin Arden. De Wolf Hopper, and
Walter Damrosch were imprisoned for
half an hour recently in the automatic
elevator that leads from the ONCE Of
David Belasco to the ground floor Of the
Belasco Theater Building.
The elevator. one worked by push but
tons. was operated by Frohman. Half
way down Miss Opp Is said to have re-
marked:
That would be nice thing for the
children to play with"
Whereupon. Frohman is reported to
have playfully fingered all the buttons.
The car struck below the ground floor.
All efforts % make II work failed. A
watchman finally was found who re-
leased the Imprisoned theatrical people.
The Washington herald., 1913-06-01
The Truth of History.
From the New York Herald.

From the New YORK Herald.
Denial by Mr.. Roosevelt that he re-
ceived a letter from the Emperor Of
Japan requesting him to act as mediator
with Russia is superfiuous. Such matters
are not so handled.
That request was made of Mr.. Roose-
Welt by Count Kaneko. then financial
agent Of Japan in the United States.
Count Kaneko first preached the matter
to Mr.. Roosevelt Immediately following
the battle of Liaoyang. This was before
the battle of Mukden and before the
destruction of the Baltic fleet
Russian failure to grasp manifest OPP
portunity left the Japanese nominal VIC
tors at Liaoyang. but high officers of
the Japanese army were pessimistic.
Count Kodama hurried from Manchuria
t9Tokyo. As a result Of his report in
fructions were cabled Count Kaneko to
approach Mr.. Roosevelt, and this was
done.
The first proposal looking to peace
was made by Japan, and ct that tima.