davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Graham guardian., 1913-11-28

A variety OF crops are grown
chief among them being alfalfa hay,
grain, corn, milo, potatoes and fruit
Good yields are obtained, and the
Globe mining district which is at the
terminus of the A. and E. railway,
not far away, offers a good market.
The duty of water is variable but
is not exceptional in either direc.
ton. The rainfall is about II inches
per annum, which is high for the
locality. The evaporation is probably
lower than at most points in southern
Arizona as the spring and fall are
cool. The rainfall will have little to
do with the design of a drainage
system but will be important in that
little artificial treatment will be re.
quired to leach out the salts after
drainage is accomplished.
The market value of the injured
lands is very low but when reclaimed
the land will command good price.
improvements Required
Manifestly under-drainage is the
only solution of the difficulty. 1t is
necessary to remove the excess water
and to allow for the teaching out of
the salts. Owing to the value of
the land, the nature of the soil, the
slope, etc., it is advisable to install
covered drainage system. If the
cost of clay tile is prohibitive, owing
to the distance from a factory and
to the high freight rates, lumber-box
conduits should be employed. Ce-
ment tile should not be used on ac-
count of the presence of alkaline
sulphates. Only machine-made,
steam-cured, cement tile would be
safe at all, and the cost of these
would be higher than the cost of
clay tile. Lumber-box drains prop
erly designed and installed will be
serviceable for many years, and if
clay tile can possibly be obtained it
should be used.
The few borings made indicate
that it will be necessary to lay the
drains at a considerable depth and
that it will not be wise to lay any at
a shallower depth than 6 feet. In
some instances the previous strata
are at such a depth that it would
not be expedient to lay the drains
in them. 1t will be necessary to in
stall relief wells in such cases, and
these wells will prove efficient as
there is always a pressure on the
water. In several places the pres
sure was sufficient to cause water to
rise from a depth of more than 10
feet to the surface, where it flowed
away down the slope.
1t is advisable to so locate the
drain lines that the conduits will lie
on a stable base and cut entirely
through the previous strata. Drain
age by the interception method is
the only way the situation can be
handled, and the drains must be laid
near the upper edge of the wet belt
if they are to intercept all the water.
In some places the fall is such |
that the drainage systems may be
discharged into irrigation canals
and the water thus be made to do |
double duty. The salt content of |
the water will not be high enough |
to do damage, especially after it is
commingled with the irrigation
water.
Machine trenching is recommended.
not only because it is cheaper than
hand labor but because a more satis-
Graham guardian., 1913-11-28
DRAINAGE NEEDS
Of G|LA VALLEY
Preliminary Investigation Is
Made by r. A. Hart,
Drainage Engineer
5000 ACRES ARE INJURED
Analyses Shows Average Pres
ence of Salt To Be
2.53 Per Cent
Continued from Last Week.

The analyses show practically no
black aIkali" (although there is a
little in the Valley, and indicate
that the salt is chiefly sodium sui
phate, or GIauber's salt. The black
and brown stains which are seen all
over the valley are usually caused by
ordinary salt Sodium chloride) and
ny calcium chloride.
Following is table of the con-
stituents of the soil in the boring
above mentioned:
Graham guardian., 1913-11-28

In damp, chilly weather there is
always a large demand for Ballard 8
Snow Liniment because many people
who know by experience its great
relieving power in rheumatic aches
and pains. prepare to apply 1t at the
first twinge. Price 26c, SOC, and
$l.00 per bottle. Sold by Stafford
Drug Co., Thatcher Pharmacy, Solo
knoxville Drug Go. adv-$-4t
Graham guardian., 1913-11-28
"Patronize Home Industry and
Watch Us Grow"
Cause of Insomnia

The most common causes of in
somonia is disorders of the stomach
and constipation. Chamberlain's s
Tablets correct these disorders and
enable you to sleep. For sale by all
dealers. adv.3S.4t
Graham guardian., 1913-11-28

The War Department has ordered
Lieutenant Lagarde, stationed at
Phoenix, to go to Prescott to draw
plans for mobilization quarters for
United States troops. Prescott is
considered the best Arizona mobili-
zation point.
Graham guardian., 1913-11-28
NOVEMBER 2s. 1918
THREE WISE CHANGES

One of the very wise provisions en-
acted into law by the legislature wa!
that particular one which changed
the manner Of securing juries. Un'
der the new code special venire.
have been abolished. In other words
a jury must now be secured from a
list that is prepared by the board
of supervisors which contains the
names of all electors qualified for
jury duty in the county,
This in itself is change that will
meet the approval of every fair
minded citizen and all honest law.
yers.
The people in general throughout
the country are waking up to the
fact that there is great need for re.
form in our judicial system. Some
have learned from bitter experience
the iniquities of the jury system
that allowed an officer to practically
secure jury to either convict or
acquit a defendant. These condi-
tions prevailed under the system of
securing jurors by special venire and
that this system has nov been abol-
ished in Arizona is practical proof
that the time is approaching when
one can go into court in any action
with the firm belief that justice will
be rendered in a fair and unbiased
manner by the judge and jury.
The reform in our judicial system
very, wisely begins with the Judge
on the bench, and this is accom-
plished by the law which provides
for the recall of judges. one of the
very best laws on the statute books
Of Arizona. No honest. fair-minded
judge need fear the recall. No
judge, fully qualified by bis knowl-
edge of the law to hold such posi-.
tion, who administers justice fairly
and honestly according to the law
and evidence, who favors no man,
no political pull, need fear petition
being circulated for his recall.
The second reform in our judicial
system in Arizona was instituted
when the Legislature placed in the
new code new method of drawing
jurors and abolishing the old jury
system.
The third reform that has been
enacted by the legislature and is
now part of the new code, is the
one that allows change of venue,
when II becomes evident to counsel
that fair trial cannot be secured
for his client. 1t is his duty to his
client TO use every means in law to
secure for him fair trial, and If
there is any doubt that his client
may not secure a fair trial before
the presiding Judge of the district,
or If for any other good reason a
doubt of fair treatment may exist
because of other connections in the
case, 1t would seem to the fair.
minded citizens that a change of
venue should be granted. and the
number of electors needed for such
petition. three per cent of those
who voted at the last gubernatorial
election, is sufficient. for really all
the petitioner wants is fair trial
according to law.
There is something radically wrong
with a lawyer who objects to the
changes that have been made In the
criminal code of Arizona that as
sure fair trials in all actions at law.
Graham guardian., 1913-11-28
Benefits

By the installation of a good and
sufficient drainage system, and prop
er subsequent treatment, all the
injured lands may be freed from
their excess of water and salts and
restored to their former productive
ness and value. Moreover, they
will be insured against future in
jury if the systems are kept in the
proper working order.
Graham guardian., 1913-11-28

Get a new heater from Olney
Hardware Co. adv-40-tf
Graham guardian., 1913-11-28

"Patronize Home Industry and
Watch Us Grow"
Graham guardian., 1913-11-28
Address sill communications to
The Guardian Publishing Co.
sArFORD. ARIZONA

THE paper is kept on sie at E. c. Dake's Adves-
vertisins Agency. 77s Market st.. San Frsnciseo.
California, where contracts for sdvertisinE can
bo made with II.
The Detroit times., 1913-11-29
FRAY BORN IN
I 1901, LIVES in
new YORK CITY
Oldest Man in United States
Tells Interesting Story of
Early Days
ALSO OLDEST MEMBER
OF KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS
Father of Is Children-He Still
Takes Keen Interest in
Politics

NEW YORK, Nov. 2S.-Joseph Fray
of No. n East One Hundred and
twenty-first street says he was born
on Oct. rs. 1901. II that Is correct he
Is 1l2 years-ord
From the height of his great age ne
looks back over many troublous years
OF the world S history. incidentally
he believes that under the new tariff
the cost OF living will decrease.
Mr.. Fray was born tie year of the
union OF Great Britain and Ireland: he
was two years old when Louisiana
was purchased from the French; in
his third year Bonaparte became En-
peror OF France he W four years
old whep the battle OF Trafalgar was
fought. fourteen when Waterloo was
first steamboat voyage.
Mr.. Fray was naturalized in David
son County, Tenn, on June 10, 1858.
The date OF his birth. Oct. rs, 1901, Is
given in his naturalization papers.
Uncle Died at 1903.
II was born six miles from War
saw In Poland" said Mr.. Fray. MY
grandfather and my father lived to be
very old. and l Lad an uncle who was
l0S years old when he died. When |
was twenty years old left Poland to
escape military service and went to
Hungary, where | remained four years
working at my trade of tailoring.
Then, as Hungary wanted me to fight
In war for freedom, and as | was
not Hungarian, left and went to
Vienna, then to Berlin, and finally to
London. where I remained four years.
came to New York when ! was
about 80 years old. The first steam
ship, I believe, had crossed the At
lantic In 1919. but there were not
many plying when | came over. I
came In the old Prince Albert, q
sQuare-rigged sailing ship that took
four and half weeks 10 cross. New
York, as ! remember IT.. was like a
country village. There was no such
scene at the Battery is there is now
the river front WAS not lined with
piers and buildings. The ship stopped
at Staten Island and the sick were
The Detroit times., 1913-11-29
PHONES IMPROVED SIIgCf
BELL PATENTS ExPIIuU

CHICAGO. Nov. 2s.-Two sngln1ox
for the Kellogg Switchboard and No.
ply company, manufacturers of to14.,
phone apparatus for independent co6A'j
panies, testified today In the hooHlnU
In the governments prosecution g ~!
American Telegraph and Telep4e19
company. that after patents hell bx
the American TELEGRAPH and 1e>os
phone company expired. ab0ut 1877
the mechanical features Of the tale
phone improved more than In the y
years preceding. S \
The men who testified were n. y
Currier and b. N. Winston. They ~
serted that since the expiration Of thS
Bell patents independent companies
can compete on equal terms with tho
American Telegraph and Telephone
company. insofar as securing equip
ment Is concerned. n.
The Detroit times., 1913-11-29

taken on there L. being we'll. was
allowed 10 come ashors-. here. lmme-
diately ! looked for work ,as a mer-
chant tailor. and my FIRST employment
was In Canal-st., then In the upper
part OF the town. For a coat I got
SIS. but then II took me nearly "A
week 10 make H.
Il was lonely. and meeting a Pus-
sian-born girl OF my own race I mar
ried her two years after landing. The
poor people In New York were crowd
ed for living room even then, and we
lived In one room. They had Just
completed the railroad to Philadel-
phia. and. thinking to get into the
country, we went there on one of the
1rst cars that ran. But Philadelphia
did not delight us and We went on to
pittsburgh. and thence by boat TO
cincinnati. where We lived Ave years.
TWO children came to bless us there.
In Nashville During War.
"A countryman from Nashville.
Tenn, advised me to 20 TO that town.
as business was good and the country
developing. We lived 35 years In
Nashville. established a little store
there, and while my wife, Bertha. ran
1t. ] reddled clothing through the
country. II was In the old slave DAYS.
anc many and many a time | came
to lonely plantations at night where
the master would entertain me. order
clothes FOR the whole family. and then
call In the Negro slaves, and II they
needed clothes and had no money he
would tell me to ft them out and he
would pay me.
ITO peddle ] had to take out citi
GEMS papers. When the war came on
and the young men went away to fight
Was too old to go. though | now
liked America and would not have OBJ
jected TO taking arms for the state
where lived became a member
of the home guard, however, and did
considerable duty until the end OF
the war, guarding the town. public
buildings. ETC.,
I'm 1856 the cholera broke out IN
Tennessee and my wife and children
were taken sick. I came home from
peddling to find them at deaths door
and nursed them with my own hands
or course took the disease. had
never taken any medicine, and re
fused to take the Doctors pills, but
I did take considerably brandy. and
this saved my life. I think. MY wife
died OF the disease. leaving me with
family of small children on my
hands. That they might have a moth.
er to care for them I married my sec.
ond wife. Amelia, In 1867. and she ID
still living.
After leaving Nashville I lived in
Hopkinsville. KY. for 20 years. and
did very we'll In business. Joined
the Knights of Pythias. and am the
Oldest living member OF the order to.
day. ! am also member of the
Birth Abraham order.
Father Of Eighteen Children.
by my first wife" said Mr.. Fray,
"I had seven children--twO boys and
Ave girls. Three OF the daughters
are living. BY my second wife I had
II children-three boys and eight
girls. One of the boys IL Harry Fray.
salesman. Of Philadelphia. Three
Of the daughters by this second mar
rage are married and one Is single.
Just now my wife Amelia is in Roam.
oke, Va. with one Of the girls. have
eight children living. 80 grandchildren
The Detroit times., 1913-11-29

and nine great-grandchildren. One
OF my great-grandchildren IL young
lady OF Is, very accomplished, who
In. I believe. engaged to be married.
II she gets married soon perhaps ]
shall live 10 see the NTH generation.
II have always been healthy and
with the exception<of little whisky
and rock candy for colds, and brandy
for cholera have never taken medi-
cine. have always tried TO be hon
est. tn treat all men and women hon
orably and fairly. and have never
done much worrying. would sug-
gest to those who want to live long
that honest toll. fair dealing, and
healthy, plain food are best, and
make one sleep we'll at night. A faith
that honest living brings peace and
happiness does much TO get one com
fortably through life. have seen
America grow from q small country
in populatton--to mighty one
among the nations OF the world. My
childhood was passed during years
when Napoleon's name was mighty
When l was II years Of age the Battle
OF Waterloo was fought.
America Best Of Al.
Il am proud that In America we
have a country where. In spite OF
everything. man il taken at his &C.
tual worth and Is surrounded with
opportunities which will help him
climb II he wants to. America IL the
best country in the world. In my
opinion
Mr.. Fray dresses neatly and re-
tains his faculties TO remarkable de-
gree. His eyes are keen and alert
and his general appearance IL that OF
a much younger man. He 10 looking
forward with pleasant anticipation tc
the return OF his wife from Virgins
and to the observance OF his next
birthday.
The Detroit times., 1913-11-29
u. s. SHOULD OWN
OWN WAR PLAN1

WASHINGTON, Nov. 2S.-An aI&'
peal for support for his plan Of hav-
Ing government owned plants for the
manufacture Of munitions Of war wag
issued today by Representative CIyde
H. Tavener. 35
Quoting from statistics prepared N
Colonel George Montgomery, at tho
Frankfort arsenal, he said:
The government can thus saSp
from 20 to 50 per cent on army Geo.
tracts running into millions Of dor
lars annually. Since II II ObviouC
that the private manufacturers d rot
divide their almost fabulous pro0k1
ON the government contracts with
their employees, why should Uncle
Sam continue to be an easy mark ~
The Detroit times., 1913-11-29
Crusade BegIns In Session.

BOSTON, Mass. Nov. IA mass
meeting OF leading Boston jewelers.
will be held tonight to protest against
"fy.by-night" auctioners who reap
rich haryests among Christmas shop
pers. Boston jewellers propose to at
tack the fake" auction men by rails
ing the license fee for such sales from
two dollars to $500 and provide that
they must post $4,000 bond. The
mayor and police commissioner are
interested In the crusade. -
The Detroit times., 1913-11-29
BOARD OF COMMERCE PLANS
CAMPAIGN TO BRING THREE
MORE RAILWAYSTO DETROIT

our case to the commission, and We
were entirely successful.
THE direct effect ought to be big
boom for the west side OF the city
where 80 many railroads enter. as this
territory "a nearest to the various
outlets.
"All lines that can reach Detroit
should be glad to absorb the business
OF the outer terminal under the new
ruling, as all will have the opportun-
ity to enter Detroit on an equal
basis"
The Detroit times., 1913-11-29
STEAMER HAZARD
AGROUND ON ROCKS
Cement-Laden Vessel Goes Hard
on Rocks Near R0ckpOrt
Thursday

Athena, Mich, Nov. 28.-(Spe-
cial The steamer Hazard, loaded
with 5000 barrels OF cement. IL hard
aground on the rocks near Rockpnrt-
The vessel went on the rocks early
Thursday morning Her cargo Will
be total loss, although the steamer
can be released.
The tug Reid arrived this morning
to tow the disabled steamer Acadian
to Sarnia.
The Reid tugs Sarnia City and Man
istique will work on the steamer Mich
olas, ashore on North Point reef. The
Nicholas Is in no great danger.
The Detroit times., 1913-11-29
STARTS SUIT TO GET
BACK MUSKRAT SKINS

MONROE, Mich, Nov. 2S.-(Spe-
cial. AL Leonard, of Raisinville
township, has filed suit against the
state game wardens department to
recover 160 muskrat skins confiscat-
ed by q deputy. Leonard. who was
tried in circuit court. was not con-
victed of the charge Of killing the
animals illegally, but the skins have
not been returned.
The suit will be in the nature OF a
test case, II being alleged that the
law allows the killing of the animals
when they are doing damage to
property.
The Detroit times., 1913-11-29
RANKIN WILL REFEREE
FIRST HOCKEY GAMES

Frank Rankin, of Toronto, one Of
the family of Rankins, famous In
hockey throughout Canada, has been
selected by William Hewitt, secre-
tary Of the o. II. A., as referee for
the Detroit Cleveland hockey games
at the Arena here. Dec. and 2.
Rankin's home IL I'm Stratford, Ont.
where the family first attained fame.
There are four brothers all OF whom
are great players. Ramsey Rankin
was called the fastest college player
I'm Canada last season.
The Detroit times., 1913-11-29
FINED FOR SPEEDING;
NABBED AS AUTO THIEF

John Mclean, IS years old. OF No.
80 Montcalm-st west, paid a SIS fine
in a River Rouge court, Friday morn
ing, for driving an auto at the rate
OF 30 miles an hour through the vii
lage, and was walking from the court.
room when Detectives Parker ana
Shepherd. Of this city. arrested him
on the charge of stealing the car In
which he made the speed.
The auto was owned by j. r.
Reaume. of Windsor Ont, and was
stolen from In front Of the Free Press
building. The young man had mum.
Der Of keys on his person, and will
be thoroughly investigated by the po-
lice.
The Detroit times., 1913-11-29
FIND FOR COMPLAINANT
IN BOUNDARY LINE CASE

OwOSSO, Mich, Nov. 2S.-(Spe-
cial.)-After being out all night. a
fury in circuit returned verdict de-
claring that the house Of H. N. Aims
worth in Owosso, was seven and ono
half inches over on the lot OF f. @.
Osborn, his neighbor. The case will
probably be appealed. II the decision
OF the jury stands, the boundary
lines Of three blocks Of property will
have to be changed.
The Detroit times., 1913-11-29
SWITCHMAN KILLED AT
KIRBY-AVE. CROSSING

William Nobel. 40 years old, q
switchman for the Grand Trunk rail.
road. rooming At No. 20 Lafayette.
blvd, wa run down and almost IN.
stantly killed at the railroad tracks
and Kirby-ave.. Friday noon.
Nobel had roomed at the Lafayette.
blvd. house for about agar. and had
often written letters - his mother
whose address 10 not known by occu'
pants OF the place. Coroner Rotha
cher was called, and Is investigating
The Detroit times., 1913-11-29

Failure Of Brake Jnrle
Against Staten Platf y
Fire Breaks CT q,

NEW YORK. Nov. 2s.-Many q
sons were hurt. several o. them r
ously, when elevated tr1ino ~
at the Chatham square Stot1p0 O. 1
Third avenue Il" The fatlur0 G. g.
brake was said TO be the csuo4 N4x
eral cars were jammed on Ia IL ~
ton platform and csught nro.
The Detroit times., 1913-11-29
SUPPORT FOR NEW
CHARTER is URGED

City Clerk Lindsay has 100000
copies Of the address TO the people"
prepared by the charter commission,
explaining the proposed new charter
and urging support for 1t. Copies can
be had by calling at the city clerks
ONCE or communicating with Clerk
Lindsay.
The Detroit times., 1913-11-29
MAYOR SHANK
RESIGNS OFFICE

INDIANAPOLIS, Nov. 2s.--Mayor
Shank today resigned his ONCE as
the result Of threats by business men
to bring impeachment proceedirass
on the grounds of his alleged illegal
acts in favor Of the street car strik-
ers. "A
The Detroit times., 1913-11-29
Chicago Editor Dead

CHICAGO, Nov. 2S.-Frank ELLIS
Rowley. former managing editor Of
the Chicago Chronicle. and later con-
nected with papers In San Francisco
and Cleveland. died. early today. from
stroke of apoplexy suffered IA
months ago. Rowley was born In Ra-
cine, Wis.
The Detroit times., 1913-11-29

China proper has less than o. mile
Of open railway to every 100 square
miles of territory, and. estimating the
population at 1927. 900. there II OILS
mile OF line to every 10000 inhabt-
tants
The Detroit times., 1913-11-29
ATTEMPT LIVES
OF MINING Men;
TROOPS DENIED
Usual Disorders Current in the
Strike Ridden Copper Country
of Upper Peninsula
GOV. FERRIS REFUSES TO
DECLARE MARTIAL LAW
Executive Declares Move is Not
Necessary-Als0 Refuses
More Soldiers

LANSING. Mich, Nov. 28-(Spe-
cial.) Gov. Ferris has refused to de.
clare martial law In keweenaw coun-
ty as he was requested to do by the
board OF supervisors and Sheriff
Hepting. In addition 10 refusing this
request, the state executive has made
IT plain that no more state soldiers
VIII be sent to the copper country as
he does not believe this course neces-
sary. He declares that the companies
have had adequate time TO prepare TO
protect their property, and believes
the force now on duty In the upper
peninsula strong enough to preserve
the peace.
CALUMET, Mich, Nov. 2S.-(Spe.
cial.) beyond an attempt on the
lives OF several in party Of promi-
nent mining men who were examining
the damage wrought by the explosion,
Wednesday night. at the Ahmeek
compressor house, at Ahmeek, and
the use of guns by strikers at Copper
City and Allouez, to intimidate depu-
ties and non-union miners. nothing
out of the ordinary transpired last
night or this morning.
The officials of the Western Fed
Grafton OF Miners are> denouncing the
members OF the Keweenaw board OF
supervisors for asking the governor
for martial law and this being denied,
for additional troops, claiming that
the imported mine guards are respon-
sible for all disorders, that they have
been doing the promiscuous shooting
about the several locations and that
they attempted to wreck the Ahmeek
equipment, 80 blame could be at
tached to the strikers.
A 12-year-old girl was wounded in
the streets Of HoughtOn yesterday
when struck by stray rife bullet.
Gen. Abbey is expected to arrive
here tonight or tomorrow morning to
inquire into the need Of additional
troops for the Ahmeek district.
The Detroit times., 1913-11-29

Daniel Haivsy. Is years old. q Eos
S87 Russell-st., fell from . street oay'
at Fiyst-st and JeRersou-eye.. TSis;
day noon. and was badly in3aro1,
about the head. He was taken u thti
city physicians' once In police SUITE
and from there to his home.
The Detroit times., 1913-11-29

Votes for women In Denmark 10
regarded ~ certainty. following
the passage In the lower house Of
parliament of the constitution
amendment bill.
The Detroit times., 1913-11-29

The Turkish government is seek
ing for ways and means to check the
increasing emigration to North and
South America.