davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Colville examiner. [volume] (Colville, Wash.) 1907-1948, 1913-04-26

For the past ten years ranchers
butchers and stockmen have been
anxiously waiting for the Great
Northern to install stock pens
and a loading shoot for Colville
Notwithstanding the company
has plenty of land within yards
limits these requests and petitions
have been passed up by the rail-
road officials. At present ship
pers are obliged to jump their
live stock from the car or load
from a wagon or gang plank.
It is safe to say that there is
not a station the size of Colville
on any line of railroad in the
state but what is provided with
some means of handling live
stock.
It might be we'll to call atten-
ton of the public service COM
mission to this matter.
The Colville examiner. [volume] (Colville, Wash.) 1907-1948, 1913-04-26

Through the operation of the
logged-off lands law passed by
the last legislature 700, 600 acres
of land in eastern Washington
are made available for settle
ment. This land is largely in the
counties of Stevens, Pend Oreille,
Spokane, Chelan, Okanogan,
Ferry and Asotin.
II believe 20 per cent of this
land will be taken up by June,
1914" states Chairman s. H.
Atlanta Georgian., 1913-10-19

IN this artlcIe.
Public Opinion is the power that con-
trolls the world, in the long run. 1t is not
expressed by any individual, any news
paper or any mob. But 1T Is FELT,
and, while it is often insulted and defled,
it rules in the long run.
From time to time public opinion
takes definite, crystallized form and
shape in laws, religion, moral doctrines,
proverbs, fables, ct cetera.
The Ten Commandments are an ex-
preston of public opinion. Thou shalt
not steaF' is public opinion crystaliized.
Public opinion does not mean unself-
ishness or wisdom, always. 1t means
usually that which is convenient at the
time and in the place.
Public opinion in China for long
while said that women must have their
feet squeezed. Public opinion in the
Sandwich Islands taught that boats of all
kinds were taboo" for women. 1t was
a worse crime for woman to get into
boat than to kill her own child. That
was convenient, as it kept women from
running away from one island to an
other, which would have been sad for
.heir lords and masters.
Public opinion stopped wholesale in
fanticide and universal cannibalism-
which ruled at one time.
Public opinion abOlishes capital pun
ishment in one civilized neighbOrhood
and in another it Furnishes the horse thief
with hanging-the safety of horses being
more important than respect for justice.
Public opinion is the expression Of the
wisdom of the people as whoIe-and
that is the greatest wisdom.
But the wisdom that finds expression
in public opinion is modified by cOndi-
tiOns, by the selfish interest of the mass
and too often by the passions of the mob
It must be remembered that mob of
human beings does not express the pub
Atlanta Georgian., 1913-10-19
What Is "Public Opinion

lie opinion of intellect, but the hatred of
passion.
The mob is in reality hunting pack;
it is going back of human beings to the
savage state of hatred and destruction.
This fact has been admirably empha-
sized by the late Professor Shaler, of
Harvard.
Public opinion, as we have said, finds
formal, definite, crystallized expression
in certain laws; for instance, the laws
that protect property and sanctify mar
riage, thus protecting women and chill
dren; the laws that prevent the use of
poison in warfare and of torture in judi
cial investigation.
All law, all rules to which human be-
ings submit, are simply public opinion
crystalIized into definite expression.
Nothing is harder to break when out
grown than public opinion that has taken
the form of law and tradition.
Only public opinion itself is strong
enough to destroy and break down the
barriers that public opinion has created.
No man can be said to represent or to
be the spokesman of public opinion.
But man may, TEMPORARILY, be-
come PUBLIC OPINION ITSELF, when
the public in an emergency DEGREES that
HIS opinion is wisdom.
Abraham Lincoln was public opinion
in this country for awhile, luckily for
the country.
Public opinion can give to a man a
power that nothing can resist.
Yet, no mans power is great enough
to control or defy public opinion when
that opinion changes.
1t was public opinion, not love of the
republic, that kept Caesar from accept
ing the crown.
1t was public opinion, not the will or
the conscience or any one man, that linn
tied our Presidential office to two terms.
George Washington was our wisest
Atlanta Georgian., 1913-10-19

vote for an idea, conceived by a crea-
tive, intelligent mind, many do not
understand its meaning or the practi-
cal effect of its operation.
Some of these ignorant persons vote
for it, because some friend in whom
they have confidence tells them to do
so; others, because they believe they
will reap patronage or other personal
benefit from or through it; others, be-
cause some newspaper appeais either
to their intelligence or prejudices.
The result of this voting may be the
adoption of a law, but not the inde-
pendent opinion of a majority of the
voters. In other words, majority of
votes may not coincide with a major
ity of opinions.
Even if every man would vote ac-
cOrding to his own independent judg-
ment; even if no man would be influ-
enced by self-interest, so that every
vote were the free and voluntary ex-
preston of every voters sincere, in
dependent, unhampered OpiniOn-still
it would not follow that a majority
was right, at any given time, because
their judgment may have been based
neOus reasoning.
Then, again, communities change
from time to time, and what might
be regarded as right in one community
would be regarded as wrong in an
other.
Furthermore, the same communi-
ties themselves undergo changes of
opinion. What then is public Opin-
ion? Is it the opinion which the
newspapers and the magazines say the
public entertains of this man or that,
of this thing or that? No, a majority
of the public may and frequently do
disagree with the opinions expressed
IN the newspapers, or in most of them.
Is public opinion" shifting and
evanescent, or real and substantial?
That it is one of the most powerful
things in the world no one will DENY.
1t has burned people at the stake for
witchcraft, thrown the greatest of men
into dungeons, on the one hand, and
on the other it has struck the most
powerful blows for liberty, equality
and justice. II is and always has beaa
more powerful than kings. or other
rulers, than armies, or than other
physical or mechanical force.
Without pursuing the subject fur
ther, it must be admitted that the
meaning of public opinion" is some
what indefinite and is based upon COM
picated conditions. Will you please
throw some light on its real meaning
and give your readers the benefit of
your views on the subject? Yours
very truly.
EDWARD A. ALEXANDERi
Atlanta Georgian., 1913-10-19
Often Mistaken Sometimes Cruel Frequently Ignorant
1T Is the Only Final Protection and the PouOe of People

powerful blows for liberty, equality and
Justice
Public opinion is simply the express
sion of the thought of collective man AT
THE TINE.
When men believe in witches, public
opinion forms the mob and burns the
miserable victim. When men believe
that the earth is square, that few stars
were put in the sky as an after thought,
and that the sun goes around the earth,
public opinion endorses the power
which forces Calico on his knees to re-
cant his wonderful TRUTH.
Public opinion of course can be no
wiser than the wisdom of the day, no
more just than the justice of the day, no
more kind than the kindness of the day.
At one stage public opinion authorizes
the murder of slaves as an amusement,
or in testing pOisOns.
A little later, in the Middle Ages, it au-
thOrizes the branding with red-hOt irons
of miserable labOrers, starving, that
stray from their hamlet in search of
work.
But public opinion is THE CON
SCIENCE OF THE HUMAN RACE and
the INTELLIGENCE of the race.
AS the race progresses public opinion
becomes higher, fairer, more consistent.
1t is difficult for us to realize it now,
but the day is coming when public opin-
ion, mans collective conscience, will do
away with courts, policemen, jails, de-
tectives and lawsuits. That will be THE
BEGINNING of a real civilization.
We thank Mr. Alexander for his very
interesting letter, and print it in full
here:
To the Editor:
Dear Sir-Write an editorial on
Public Opinion" Does the term
public opinion" mean the real indie
pendent opinions of majority, or
merely a majority of the opinions ex-
pressed by votes or other outward
manifestations of expression?
Among the number of those who
Atlanta Georgian., 1913-10-19

man, undoubtedly, in his day, and GER
tainly the man to whom this country
owes most.
Yet without the pressure of public
opinion WashingtOn's fame might have
been spoiled, the growth of the country
checked and changed. For without the
expression of public opinion Washing
ton might we'll have considered it his
duty to the country to remain in power
indefinitely.
The strongest individual that ever
lived, perhaps, was Cromwell. He never
lost battle, mental or physical But it
was not the power stored away in his
round head that gave him his power. 1t
was public opinion, that had had enough
of the reign of Charles and the debauch-
cry, ignorance and misery that went
with it.
Atlanta Georgian., 1913-10-19
DWARD A. ALEXANDER

asks:
"What is public opin-
iOn?" and writes a good
letter that you will find
Atlanta Georgian., 1913-10-19

Newspapers represent public opinion
only in as much AS THEY EXPRESS
PUBLIC OPINION HONESTLY AND
ACCURATELY. A newspaper has the
power of SUGGESTION. 1t has many
readers, and can put the same thought
into many minds at the same time. And
that is great power.
But newspaper has many readers
only because it expresses the feeling and
THE OPINION of many citizens.
A newspapers power is not menace,
even when it falls into vicious or mis-
guided hands. For the most powerful
newspaper is as perishable as a mush-
room. A man can change his paper as
quickly as he can change his mind. A
newspaper is not really a directing force
as much as it is mirror, rejecting the
interest purposes and opinion of the
bigger or smaller part of the community.
True, as the friend who writes us SAYS.
public opinion has burned people at the
stake for witchcraft, thrown the greatest
of men into dungeons, on the one hand.
and on the other it has struck the most
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1913-04-05
Paving Commission
 Awards Contracts

Contracts aggregating nearly $50,- 900 were awarded at a meeting of the Paving & Sewer Commission last evening"
 The commission is still undecided as to what character of paving shall be used on the Fairfield strip, and decided to postpone action until the next meeting which was called for Thursday evening"
 All the other paving except Bar mum avenue from Seaview to. Central avenue, will be paved with wood blocks furnished by the United States Wood Preserving company, whose bid was the lowest. Their bid, with a five year guarantee attached, was $1.81 per square yard.
 Barnum avenue is to be paved with granite blocks, but the bids submit ted on material were considered too high, and the secretary of the com mission was instructed to advertise for new figures on this work. The Hassam company, of New Haven, was awarded the contract for the work, their bid being $1.58 per square yard for work only.
 The sewer work on Fairfield ave- nue from State street to Howard ave- nue was awarded Angelo Conti and company of Hartford. Their bid was $5, 300.
 The sewer work on Sherman street WaS 0WarQeQ 10 B. D. Fierce, Jr., of this city, whose offer was slightly under that of Angelo Cont and conn- pany. The bid was $1,162.
 The paving of Fairfield avenue from Clinton avenue to State street was awarded to Gaynor and Lawrence of this city. There are 1000 square yards of work on this strip, which will be done at the rate of $1.36 per square yard. The strip on Park ave- nue, from Fairfield to Laurel avenue, also went to Gaynor and Lawrence
 The Hassam company, of New Ha- ven, was awarded the contract for laying the wood blocks on Noble ave- nue from Barnum to East Washing ton avenue.
 In the absence Of President Mat thew H. Rogers, chairman Of the commission, Commissioner Frank T. Staples presided as chairman, Mayor Wilson declining to act. John H. Lawrence, of the firm of Lawrence & Gaynor, declared that if it was necessary he could have a force of men and his concrete mixer on the job Monday morning.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1913-04-05
STRIKE RIOTING
 AT PLANT OF
 HARVESTER co.

Auburn, N F., April 5.-Rioting was resumed, today, at the Interna- tional Harvester Twine mill when in coming machfnists were attacked. P O. lice and national guardsrnen escorted the mac11inists to the plant under a rain of stones but nobody was serious ly hurt. The strikers succeeded in driving home many of the machinists.
 Peace was restored in an hour. At the Columbian Rope plant, where four were shot, yesterday, everything was quiet. The national guard has full control of the works which have been shut down completely.
 Organizer Charles A. Miles said, to- day, that he would probably not at- tend the conference which Mayor O'Neil1 will call as soon as State Mediator Rogers arrives from Albany.
 Major John B. Tuck is in command. Major George M. Waterbury, repre- senting Major General O'Ryan, is in command here now.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1913-04-05
RUTHERFORD IS
 SUSPENDED FROM
 FIRE DEPARTMENT

Captain George Rutherford, of Truck No. 3, B. F. D., was indefinitely suspended from the department at a meeting of the board of fire commits sioners last evening, following his failure to answer charges.
 Rutherford was to have been put on the carpet last night on two charges, failing to respond to an alarm, and being absent from his quarters without permission. A fine of $50 was imposed on Rutherford about three, months ago when similar complaint was made against him.
 The specific charges against Ruth erford are that he failed to answer alarm 425 on Saturday afternoon, March 22, also that he was off duty without leave from that time until the following Sunday. Rutherford is one of the veterans of the department
 Charges against Guy Trowbridge for failing to respond to two alarms were satisfactorily explained and they were dismissed.
 The board adopted an amendment to the department rules prohibiting smoking in uniform, either in the fire houses or on the street.
 Action in the Rutherford case will be deferred until the commissioners ascertain why he failed to appear for trial.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1913-04-05
ONE MORE STATE
 FOR DIRECT VOTE
 OF U. s. SENATORS

Washington, April 5-Delay in the official announcement of the adoption of the 17th amendment to the consti- tuition of the United States providing for the election of Senators by direct vote of the people is threatened be- cause of the apparent apathy of of ftcials of the ratify1ng States. Up to the close of office hours yesterday, although press reports showed that 36 States already had reported them selves in favor of the amendment leaving only one more affirmative vote to give effect to the amendment, the State Department had received returns from only 22 States, tn elatest being New Mexico, which ratified the amendment March 22. It is expected that on Monday the one vote neces- saIy for complete ratification will be recorded, but weeks may elapse be- fore the announcement can be made and the several States be legally au- thorized to adopt the new method of electing Senators.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1913-04-05
SLAYER TAKEN FROM JAIL
 LYNCHED BY MOB

Mondak, Mont, April 5-J. c. col 1ins, negro. the slayer of Sheriff Thomas Courtney, of Sheridan coun- ty, was taken from the jail, last night, and Iynched The mob hanged him to a telephone pole and then set fire to his clothing in a futile effort to cremate his body, after they had ridd1ed the corpse with bullets.
 Sheriff Courtney was shot by the negro and died, last night, in a To- cal hospital Collins was in the en- p1oy of loca1 contractors erecting a railroad bridge over the Missouri. He had been staying with Neal Clay, also a negro, who owns shack at the railroad camp. Clay sold the place to another negro named Patterson and when he went to claim it Col lins attacked Mrs. Patterson. Pat terson swore out warrant for the arrest of Collins. When, Sheriff Courtney and Deputy Sheriff Bur master arrived here and swore in E.. P. Wilson of this city as deputy and left for the construction camp, reach ing there about 3 p. m.
 Soon after their arrival, Collins held up Wilson and then shot Sheriff Courtney. The negro then shot De- tinns' weapons and fled into the brush but was captured and brought to Mon dak where he was locked up. Later an assault was made on the jail and the mob secured him.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1913-04-05
PYRAMID TEMPLE
 WILL EETE MANY
 SHRINE NOTABLES

Pyramid Temple, Mobiles of the Mystic Shrine, are making elaborate preparations for the ceremonial see- sion which will take place next Mon day night at Eagles hall. On that occasion Imperial Potentate William J. Cunningham, of Baltimore, Md, will be present. Potentates from Mecca, New York; Kisnet, Brooklyn; Salaam, Newark; Sphinx, Hartford, and other prominent shriners will at tend as guests of Pyramid Temple. A record attendance of Shriners from all parts of the State is assured and a large class of novices will be in- cIuded in the caravan across the hot sands to Mecca.
 Imperial Potentate Cunningham and some of the other distinguished guests will arrive during the after noon and will be entertained at din- ner by Potentate Crawford before the session Pyramid Temple band will play a concert before the opening of the session, which will be at o'clock sharp The Arab Patrol will give an exhibition drill during the evening which the members have spent much time in bringing to a high state of perfection. A banquet will be served at the close of the session.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1913-04-05
THE GIRLS CLUB
 OF HALL HOME
(By Marian.

l was much impressed the other evening by a visit paid, with a friend to the Hall Home oa Golden Hill street It was Thursday evening, the chfldrenS gymnasium night.
 FMS. Burgess, a kind, motherIy wo- man greeted us when we entered. It was 9 pleasure to note the great in terest she took in each child and to observe how pleased the children seemed to be with her.
 The class, when in line, ranged from tiny tots of perhaps five six, to girls of fifteen or sixteen years of age. Although the night was stormy there was goodly number present. I was told, however, that these were but a few of those who usually came.
 Led by Miss Leila Mosher, the les son began. There was marching, free arm exercises, bending, games, etc., comprising a programme which last ed an hour and which was similar to that of any regular gymnasium.
 At the conclusion, the little ones sang some songs while the older ones did military tactics and game ''The Girls Club Yell.''
 Miss Leila Mosher and Miss Sanie Bassett are the young ladies who give their time to this work. That they are able teachers is we'll attested by their class and it is also quite evident that they hold the love of their little pupils.
 I understand that there are other classes for the children on afternoons during the week but so far I have only had the pleasure of visiting the gymnasium lesson.
 Many of these little waifs come from the poorer and less fortunate families of our city. No doubt in each little life t"The Girls Club'' is a shining light and, in year to come, kI-1 never too bright lives to the Hall Home and the club where they had such good times and met such pleas ant people.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1913-04-05
BISHOP BREWSTER'S
 BROTHER, ALSO BISHOP,
 COMES HERE TOMORROW

Rt. Rev. Benjamin Brewster, bishop of the Episcopal diocese of Western Colorado, and brother of Rt. Rev. Chauncey B. Brewster, Bishop of Con- necticut, will administer confirma- ton to classes in St. Johns and St. Georges Episcopal churches here to- morrow.
 The western bishop has been assist ing his brother in this state for sev- eral months, and tomorrow he win take the place of the Connecticut bishop The confirmation at St. Johns will take place at the services at 10:30 and at St. Georges church at 7:3o in the evening. A large class will be confirmed at St. Johns. The
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1913-04-05
BRIDGEPORT EXPOSITION
 WILL CLOSE TONIGHT

With but one more night to run, the Bridgeport Exposition continues to draw the capacity attendance which has marked every session all through the week, and today and this evening all figures for attendance will un- doubtedIy be shattered. Last evening over 2,50O people visited the armory and inspected the attractive exhibits and enjoyed the industrial moving pictures featuring Miss Everywoman'' and Miss Bridgeport.
 Yesterday afternoon the school chill dren were the guests of the manage ment and enjoyed thems elves to the utmost.
 One of the pleasing features of the exposition all week has been the band concerts by the Coast Artillery Band led by Paul L. Golding. The exposition will close tonight af- ter successful week.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1913-04-05
OF
 SERGT. LAWYER
 DESPERATE MAN

New Haven, April 5-The police be- lieve that William B. Allen, who shot Detective Sergeant Law1er while be- ing placed under arrest, yesterday, is the man who shot and killed a man, Thursday night, in the Westville sec ton of this city. Coroner Mix has ordered Allen held for the homicide, the victim of which is believed to be Patrick Donahte, supposedly of Hart ford. No information is given out as to the result of the gril1ing which was given Allen nearly all last night. Coroner Mix, when asked if Allen had conf essed he did not wish to say any thing at this time.
 Detective Law1er is not seriously wounded. He is at home.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1913-04-05
ABArD PERSONAL TAX.

Twenty-Five petitions for abatement Of personal taxes were heard last night at a meeting of the Claims com mittee of the Common Council at City Hall. Many of the requests dated back for a considerable period, that of Percy and G. D. Farrell extending g over a period of five years. Abate- ment was asked by the following:
 Joseph Knauf, Peter J. Carroll, John Reidt, J. J. Hearn, Peter F. Stapleton, John Osborn, Daniel Hannon. James Whelelehan, Michael Crozba, Vincent Napolitano, Charles Hughes, Michael Timmons, Daniel Seery. Michael Sin lay, Robert Beckwith, Guisseppi Per- ma, Michael 10th, William J. Newlan, William Farrell, Jerome Phelan. Will liam H. Rowland, Philip Borso and Henry w. Seyfert.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1913-04-05
JUDGE DECIDES
 RAILROAD CAN'T
 WITHDRAW NOW

New York, April 5-Judge Chambers, chairman of the arbitration board hearing the firemen's wage demands against the eastern railroads, an nounced today that the Toledo, St Louis & Western Railroad cannot withdraw from the proceedings. It had signed the agreement to arbitrate and must abide by the findings, he ruled, notwithstanding it's desire to settle individually with it's firemen. Both sides in the controversy summed up today. The boards decision will be announced on April 23.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1913-04-05
SHOT
 DOWN BY THUGS

New York, April 5.-Eugene Smith, active in Tammany politics and wide ly known on the East Side, was shot and killed on Park Row, early today, by four men believed to be gangsters. He was on his way to a ball of one of the East Side Democratic organiza- tions at Tammany Hall.
 The gangsters, who were seen only by one witness, escaped. A brother of the slain man said that Smith had been mistaken for someone else but the police were told that Smith had recently become involved in a gang feud and had moved to Brooklyn be- cause of threats against his life.