davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-03-02

useful and OF moral service. No
sophism should induce him to prefer
error. But i'm this case there is no oc-
casion To hesitate out Of regard to the
memory of Columbus. between the
legend and actual history. for it is the
actual history which does the greater
honor To him whom we still continue to
call the great Genoese.
The Columbus Of the legend is man
who is possessed, one does not know
why. by a chimerical idea, In seeking to
realize which he stumbles against lands
whose existence he did not suspect and
which he takes for the extremities Of
Eastern Asia.
The Columbus Of history is a simple
workman whom the chances OF life
have brought to Portugal, where he
finds himself thrown among adventur-
Gus mariners whose principal occupa-
ton is making voyages into regions I'M
known Their way of life attracts him;
! he is interested In their adventures.
collects with enthusiasm the narra-
tives OF discoveries made or antici-
pated, compares them one with an.
other, and arrives at the conviction
that new lands lie TO the westward.
Strong in this conviction, which is CON-
hrmed by his studies and meditation,
he sets himself resolutely to the quest
Of these islands, whose existence IL to
him demonstrated by the logic Of facts.
and In the end he finds them.
Which, then. of the two men deserves
most the expression OF our admiration
and Of our gratitude for the work done?
Is It he who. imbued with a false idea.
makes accidentally a great discovery
which he did not foresee, or he who,
patiently putting together all the ele-
ments of the problem OF the possible
existence of lands hitherto UNEMPLOYED
yet generally admitted at the time, de-
duces from numerous indicatioLs--con-
Trajectory, uncertain, even false-the
just conclusion that new lands exist In
a definite region, and who actually finds
the same where he judged they ought
to be?
Is it not plain that ii is to the Column
bus OF history, who Willingly did
great thing, and not to the legendary
Columbus served by chance. that We
owe the just tribute Of our gratitude
and admiration? This conclusion Is
not to be set aside or modified when We
admit that il was as the Columbus Of
tradition that the discOverer himself
was willing to be known to posterity.
The fact is, unfortunately. only too
true. BY mental evolution Of which
il is difficult to catch the working, but
which probably began in the fact that
the land which he expected to find at
relatively short distance from the
Canaries was found much further or.
Columbus, who set out with the fixed
intention to search for islands about
which he believed his information GER
tain, returned from his great enterprise
with ideas very different from those
which decided him to undertake it, and
died under the singular illusion that he
had done quite another thing than that
which he had originally proposed to do.
This illusion, under the influence or
which he made his three other voyages,
and which nothing would make him re-
nounce, poisoned his last days, for, ~
spite Of incessant efforts, he could not
impart his belief to any one, and OK
- Continued on third page
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1913-05-01
FACTS ABOUT SWEET CLOVER
Plant 70 Too New to Allow One to
Express Any Definite conciu.
sions-Is Very Hardy.

tBy L. R. WALDRON. Superintendent.
substitution. Dickinson. N. d.
From the standpoint of the cult
vator, this plant is too new to allow
one to express any definite conclu-
sions, We know that the plant is ex.
pressly hardy. quite drouth resistant,
more so than red clover. and high in
nutritive value. The plant is adapted
to North Dakota soils. While not liked
by stock at first, they soon become &C.
customed to It, and then 60 after It
with eagerness. as testified by many
farmers.
This first dislike OF the plant would
not be barrier to its extended use,
Il other conditions are IN. It's favor.
AS It e. . two-year-old plant, dying
after the second year. it would seem
that q successful catch ought to be
made with grain crop. It is open
to serious doubt II the crop will be Of
enough value to warrant the waste OF
the first year preparatory to the final
and only crop Of the second year.
Even IL 1t should not be able to en-.
ter definitely into the rotations of the
farm. the crop will no doubt be OF
much value in the state. as attested
by the experience Of many farmers.
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1913-05-01
MAKEUP OF ORDINARY WEED
Enormous Number of Seeds
Why They Flourish.

(By O. o. CHURCHILL. North Dakota
Agricultural College.)
1. Some produce an enormous mum.
Der Of seeds. CA large plant of purs-
lane, 100000 seeds; patch of dairy
neabane. 5000 to the square inch.)
2. The great vitality of the seeds.
(Mustard. Shepherds purse. purslane
survive for 10 to 80 years.)
8. Some are very succulent and
ripen seed even when pulled.
4. BY ripening and scattering seeds
before the cultivated crop is matured.
5. BY ripening seeds at the time Of
harvesting the crop when all are
harvested together.
8. Some weed seeds are difficult
to separate from seeds Of cultivated
plants
Z. Some weed seeds are very small
and escape notice.
8. Some plants 60 to seed long be
fore suspected, as no SNOWY flowers
announce the time of bloom
8. In a few cases the plants break
loose from the soil when mature and
become tumble weeds.
TO- Some weed seeds are furnished
with balloon or sail or with crap.
{pling hooks. s.
II. Some seeds remain in the dead
plant long into winter and are torn
on by wind or birds when they drift
for long distances on the snow.
IL. Some have creeping root stalks
or tubers
3. Some weeds defend themselves
with works and bayonets.
IA. Most weeds are disagreeable in
taste and odor, SO that domestic ami
mails leave them to occupy the ground
and multiply.
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1913-05-01

by F. E. l. BEAL United States De
partment Of Agriculture.)
sparrows are not obtrusive birds,
either In plumage song or action.
There are some forty species, with
nearly as many subspecies. in North
America. Not more than half dozen
forms are generally known in any one
locality. All the species are more
or less migratory, but so widely are
they distributed that there is prob
ably no part Of the country where
some cannot be found throughout the
year
While sparrows are noted seed eat
ers, they do not by any means confine
themselves to vegetable diet Dur
Ing the summer. and especially in the
breeding season. they eat many in
scots. and feed their young largely
upon the same food An examination
Of the stomachs OF three species the
song sparrow (Nelospiza), chipping
sparrow (Spizella Socialis), and field
sparrow (Spizella pusilla) shows that
about one-thiru Of the food consists of
beetles. such as snout-beetles or wee
wills. and leaf-beetles. Many grass
Aoppers are eaten. In the case Of the
chipping sparrow these insects form
oneetghth of the food. Grasshoppers
would seem to be rather large NOR
sells. but the bird probably confines
Itself to the smaller species; indeed,
this Is indicated by the fact that the
greatest amount lover SO per cent? is
eaten In June, when the larger species
are still young and the smaller most
numerous. Besides the insects al
ready mentioned many wasps and bugs
are taken. Predaceous and parasitic
Hymenoptera and predaceaus beetles,
all useful insects. are eaten only to a
slight extent, SO that as a whole the
Insect diet Of the sparrows may be
considered beneficial.
Their vegetable food Is limited A.
most exclusively to hard seeds. This
might seem to indicate that the birds
feed to some extent upon grain, but
the stomachs examined show only one
kind-oats-and but little of that. The
great bulk of the food is made up of
grass and weed seeds, which form al
most the entire diet during winter.
The amount Of these consumed is i'm
mense.
Any one acquainted with the agri-
cultural region Of the upper Mssis-
sippi valley cannot have failed to no.
lice the enormous growth of weeds In
every waste spot where the original
sward has been disturbed. BY the
roadside, on the borders OF cultivated
fields, or in abandoned fields, wher-
'uar thay can obtain foothold,
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1913-05-01

masses OF rank weeds spring up and
often form impenetrable thickets
which AFFORD food and shelter for i'm
mense numbers Of birds and enable
them to withstand great cold and the
most terrible billiards.. A person Wis
ting one Of these weed patches on
sunny morning in January, when
the thermometer is 20 degrees or more
below zero. will be struck with the life
and animation Of the busy little In
habitants. Instead of sitting forlorn
and half frozen. they may be seen flit-
ting from branch to branch, twittering
and hutterng. and showing every evil
dence OF enjoyment and perfect cCm-
fort. II one Of them Is shot 1t will
be found in excellent condition-in
fact, veritable ball OF fat.
The snowbird (Junco hyemalis) and
tree sparrow tSpizella monticola) are
perhaps the most numerous OF all the
sparrOws.
Examinations of many stomachs
shows that In winter the tree spar
row feeds entirely upon seeds of
weeds. Probably each bird consumes
about one-fourth OF an ounce a day. In
An article contributed in 1881 to the
New York Tribune the writer estimat-
ed the amount of weed seed annually
destroyed by these birds In Iowa.
Upon the basis of one-fourth of an
ounce Of seed eaten daily by each
hot no ScL.
erage ten to each square mile, and
that they remain In their winter range
two hundred days we shall have a
total OF l.75O.000 pounds, or 875 tons,
Of weed seed consumed In a single
season by this one species. Large as
these figures may seem, they unques-
tionably fall far short Of the reality.
The estimate Of ten birds to square
mile is much within the truth, for
the tree sparrow Is more abundant
than this in winter in Massachusetts,
where the food supply Is less than in
the western states The writer has
known places in Iowa where several
thousand tree sparrows could be seen
within the space OF few acres. This
estimate, moreover Is for single
species, while, as matter of fact
there are least half a dozen birds (not
all sparrows) that habitually feed dur
Ing winter on these seeds Farther
south the tree sparrow is replaced
IN winter by the whitethroated spar
row, the white-crowned sparrow, the
fox sparrow, the song sparrow, the
field sparrow, and several others; 50
that all over the land a vast number
Of these seed eaters are at work dur.
Ing the colder months reducing next
years crop of worse than useless
plants.
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1913-05-01
so Paid on SAVINGS.
1nterestcredited JulyIst
and January LIST. Open
Saturday evenings. The
Savings Deposit Bank.

Miss Mraie Able drove to Neville
and upon her arrival there heard a
cackle under the buggy seat. A hen
that had just laid an. egg jumped out.
Harry Case says that this is the lat
est way of supplying his town
with fresh hen fruit.
James falkland, cashier of the Un-
ion National bank, who has been i'll
OF pneumonia for the past four
weeks, is improving and is expected
to be able to return to his duties
next week. Mr.. Flatland has exper-
fenced two serious sick spells during
the past winter, and his many friends
hope that he will become robust once
more.
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1913-05-01
Average Life Of Apple Orchard.
The life 81 an apple orchard - poo,

for lifetime, says Luther E.. Hall Of
1onia, Mich. in an exchange
1t does not reach its prime until It
Is about GO years old. which means
that the future as well as the present
of the orchard must be looked after.
This is done by the mulching system.
This keeps the life elements in the
soil all the time, does away with q
great deal of drought, and makes 1t
possible for trees to bear annually.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1913-03-12
TWO BROKEN RIBS.
They Did Not. However, Deter Woman
From Entertaining Guests.

Brockton, Mass, March 12.-An
Brockton is talking of the remarkable
exhibition of grit and self sacrifice on
the part of Mrs. Francis Weeks so
that relatives and friends, who had
come from far and near to attend a
celebrat ton of her eighty-eighth BIRTH
day, might not be disappointed. With
two broken ribs and almost fainting
from pain, she presided over family
reunion at dinner and received con-
CALCULATIONS of hundreds of friends in
the afternoon. Her life is now de-
SPARED of.
Mrs. Weeks had been engaged for
many days in making preparations for
the celebration, which was held in the
home of her daughter. She was de-
scending a stairway the day of the
celebration when she missed her foot
ing, tripped and fell. When picked
up, she insisted that she was not in
jured. But a hasty examination dis
closed many bruises and surgeon
found complete fractures of two ribs.
Members of the family wanted the
celebration called off, but Mrs. Weeks
refused, saying: eff I've got to die,
anyway, nothing is to be gained by
disappointing all these people" Mrs.
Weeks had her way.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1913-03-12
TO ENFORCE LAW.
Postmaster General BurlesOn
Notifies Publishers.
Only Order of Supreme Court
Will Interfere, He Says.

Washington, March 12.-UnIess the
supreme court restraints Postmaste
General Burleson from enforcing the
newspaper publicity law. as it was
asked to do yesterday, he will immedi-
ately do so regardless of an agreement
oy former Postma ster General Hitchcock
TO withhold action pending a deter
mlnaton of it's constitutionality Mr.
Burleson so announced today.
flnal notices have been sent to
number of publishers that if they do
not furnish the information required by
law within ten days their publications
VIII De denied admission to the mails.
approximately 81 per cent of the pub
hcations affected have filed their re-
ports with the postmaster general and
otherw1se have complied with the Ian.
The delinquents constitute about per
cent and generally include the larger
daily newspapers in Boston New York,
Philadelphia, Chicago, st. Louis and
other cities. The number of publishers
who have not filed their reports, due
last october, is about $50. 1t was
pointed out today, however, that Mr..
Hitchcock, before leaving office, had on
February IS decided to terminate the
agreement and had ordered postmasters
to call upon publishers to submit their
reports
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1913-03-12
SNAP SHOTS

AT HOME NEWS.

The Washburn College GIee club will
be heard in concert at the high school
auditorium tonight.
Work is in progress today at the
Melan arch bridge. The excavation
work will be continued for some days.
Special Passion Week services will
be held at the First Presbyterian
church. A cantata will be given the
Friday evening before Easter.
The students of Washburn college
have decided to raise funds to pay for
having a portrait of President F. K.
Sanders painted-possibly by Georfe NJ.
Stone.
Alta Critics was given an agreed judg-
ment in the first division of the dis
trict court today against the Topeka
Railway company for 500 for personal
injuries received. She asked for 81
500
Ohio Battles, who was convicted on
four counts of violating the prohibit
tory law by the second division of the
district court, was released on bond
for $500 today; he has appealed to the
supreme court.
The case of Gertrude Nicholas, who
asks for $4,000 damages from the To-
peka Railway company for injuries
sustained when she stumbled over a
rail at Green street and Sardou ave-
nue., came up in the first division of
the district court today. The plaintiff
claims that she has a stiff hip as a
result of the accident.
The George NJ. Noble home at 915
Harrison street, recently valued at
$780, 900. has been exchanged for bust
ness property in Kansas City, Mo. The
house was built in 1885. Mr. and Mrs.
Noble will move to cottage in the
500 block on Lincoln street as a tenn
porary arrangement.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1913-03-12
DEFENSE AT REST
Mrs. Hyde Was Last Witness
in Husbands Behalf.
Witness Successfully RepuIsed
Efforts to Break Her Down.

Kansas City, Mo, March 12.-Upon
the conclusion of the cross eXamina-
ton of it's last witness, Mrs. B. Clarke
Hyde, wife of the defendant, the de-
tense in the Hyde murder trial rested
its case at noon today. Mrs. Hyde,
calm and reserved, repulsed every at
tempt by the state to show contradic-
tions in her testimony over that given
in the first Hyde trial. Mr.. Hyde, smil-
ing occasionally, watched his wifes
face closely. Senator James A. Reed,
of states counsel, attempted to show
that Mrs Hyde, in stating yesterday
that Colonel Swope on the day before
his death was blue and despondent
'contradicted a statement of hers in
the first trial that he was just about
he had been for several days."
L testified at the previous trial as
[ recollected the matter, and I am at
this trial testifying as L recollect,"
said the witness. An effort by Senator
heard her husband recommend the pur-
chase of a cheaper casket for the col
onel also failed. Mrs. Hyde said it
was she who selected the colonels cof-
fin, and that it was an $3.50 one.
Did not DR.. Hyde suggest the pur-'
chase of a cheaper one?''
ON the contrary he suggested
higher priced one than that 1 had Sc
lected.'
state in rebuttal were DR.. Hamilton
Cady, DIR. E. H. S. Bailey, DR.. Hubbard
Emerson, all of the chemistry depart
ment of the Kansas State university.
Their testimony was intended to show
that the Schoenhein test is a power
fully conclusive rather than an elirni-
native test for hydrocyanic acid.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1913-03-12
THE FIRE RECORD.
Were $50 Alarms for Past Year
Loss, S66,9S6.

According to the annual report OF
George o. Wilmarth, city fire mar
| had much to do with holding down
| fire losses. While the record for the
year was 26O alarms, slightly in eX-
| cess of that of the preceding year,
the total loss sustained was but $685.
| 9S6, of which amount insurance loss
paid was $59.O60.50. The value of the
property involved was S1,059,390.
The report states:
These cars have so far done ex-
cellent service and have aided greatly
the central part of the city. The
combination car responds to all
alarms from a very large district in
the central part of the city The
chiefs car responds to all alarms
from every part of the city-north
and south of the river, night and day,
covering over eight square miles.
The chiefs car carries three eXtin-
guishers, fire axe, wire cutters, etc
The report continues: THE speed
with which the motor fire apparatus
reaches a fire has fully demonstrated
their efficiency. l consider they are
no longer an experiment, but have
come to stay
Since the report was made the new
tractor for No. fire station has been
attached to the hook and ladder truck
1t ia keS the place of three horses, and
maintains speed of twenty miles an
hour as against a little over a third of
that speed formerly.
The payrolls for the year ending
December 81 1912, according to the
report, amounted to $55,352.s7. The
new motor apparatus cost $6,436-60.
The report shows that the aggre-
gate of building permits in 1872 was
S994,199. There were $50 permits in
all, of which number 566 were for
wooden buildings and IS for stone,
IT-iol
F'ifty-three uniformed officers and
men constitute the fire fighting force
of the city. They are divided into
ten companies and located at six sta
tions. There are % horses in the ser
vice. one in reserve, and there are two
old horses unfit for service. The to-
tai value of the fire department build
ings and equipment is estimated at
$4,000.
Sparks from chimneys caused &c
fires in the course of the year, &C
cording to the report. Three fires
were caused by electric irons, six
fires in buildings were caused by
electric wiring, while eleven other
fires were caused by wiring on the
streets.
Twenty-six times fires were caused
by incendiarism; that is, no other
cause could be given, although in
numerous instances there were no di-
rect proofs of that origin Fires of
TINS nature were reported III dWeIl-
ings seven times, in school buildings
once. in factories once. in business
buildings once and in barns ten times.
In many instances it is possible the
latter may have been started through
other causes.
The F'iremen's Relief association
paid out in accident insurance $500;
to three retired members of the force
S1,440: to widows of firemen s1.440-
The association had in the hands of
the city treasurer on December 81,
SS9432. The association holds S22,-
500 in general Improvement bonds of
the city of Topeka bearing ~ per
cent interest.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1913-03-12
TO Give OUT JOBS
Appointment of POstmasterS
Falls to BurIeson.
Order of President Wilson
Shifts POnderOus Task.

Washington. March 12-The thou
sands of applications for jobs as post
master, the most numerous and per-
picking of patronage problems, will be
handled by Postmaster General Burle-
son. He was asked by the Topeka State
Journal correspondent while leaving the
White House if these matters would be
first placed in his hands, and he re-
piled that he thought So
This is in line with the announced
Wilson policy of dealing with appoint
ments through department heads. but
is especially significant because it
shifts to an entirely new spot the pom
derous task of apportioning postmaster
ships.
The task will be made easier for
members of the house and senate be-
cause a good many of them are per-
Sondlly acquainted with the new post
master general. and can get their cases
before him easily.
Thousands of postmaste of the first,
second, third and fourth classes are to
be appointed within the next few
weeks A few hundred Kansas post
offices are included in the list
President Wilson and Secretary Tu-
nudity have put into operation part OF
their open door" policy in recently an.
nouncing that all newspaper correspon-
dents would have entry to the secre-
tary's office at all times. Hereafter
any newspaper correspondent is free u
walk in and out of Secretary Tumulty's
office unannounced or unheralded by
any doorkeeper or messenger. This
new plan is one of the most radical in
novations of the new administration.
1t practically amounts to throwing open
the door for the world to watch the
wheels grind The presidents private
office adjoins Secretary Tumulty's Of
flee so that it will be impossible in
the future for any one to see Mr..
Tumulty or President Wilson without
his name being known to the newspa-
permen. In former times 1t has fire.
quently been almost as difficult for
newspapermen to see the secretary to-
the president as to see the president
himself This condition particularly APP
piled during the administration of Pres
ident Taft
Arguments, verbal as well as pic
torial, were presented by Prof. DAVID
Fairchild of Manhattan, Kan before
the National Geographic society yes
terday afternoon, in favor of a gen
eral cleanup of Washington and
suburban premises. Professor Fa1r-
child is one of the famous plant eX-
perts of the department of agriculture
backyards-the flies, mosquitoes, ants,
bees and every sort of creeping and
flying creature that breeds in and
haunts backwards that are not we'll
cared for. The dangers to which we
are exposed through flies and mos
quitoes were wildly described by
Professor Fairchild who showed
startling pictures of how and where
flies and mosquitoes breed.
The postmaster general has ordered
the postoffice at Hargraye;- Rush
March 81. After that date mail will
go to Lacrosse. l.. w. -THAVIS. /