davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1913-08-21

In making up the solution. first add
the acid TO the water-not the water
10 the scid-and then when the solu-
tlon has almost cooled add the b.
chromate OF potash. Pour the acid
slowly into the water. because the
combination creates a great deal OF
heat. and II the heat forms too quick
ly your glass bottle Is likely to split.
Label the bottle In which you put this
solution POISON.
The bi-chromate solution attacks the
sinc element even when the current
IL not being drawn upon. 30 the zinc
should be removed when the battery
II not in use. To reduce the eating OF
the zinc 10 minimum. II should be
amalgamated by rubbing a thin coat
OF mercury over It's surface. Dip the
zinc into the solution first. then with
rag dipped In the solution rub the
mercury onto II.
The plunge battery shown In Fig.
10 contains two bichromate cells. with
an arrangement by which the ele-
ments OF the cells can be raised out of,
and lowered into. the solution. A
grocery box can be cut down TO a con-
venient sire for the rack. Nail the
uprights A Gig. i0) to the ends OF
the rack to support the winding drum
c. and make them OF the right length
80 c will be the length OF the carbon
above the battery Jars. Screw screw
eyes into the tops OF uprights A for
drum c to turn In Oh. Fig l0), and
bore a hole through C near each end
to receive the wooden pins ID Zig
IL. which prevent the drum from slip
ping through the screw-eyes. A spool
foSms the crank handle Il. and this is
pivoted with q nail to the crank F.
and the end OF the drum is nailed to
the end OF the crank Gig IL. The
button G is screwed TO one edge OF
the upright A. at the crank end. and
when turned 10 the position shown In
Fig. 10 II checks the crank. The
board II supports the battery elements.
and the raising cord is attached to
nails driven into its edges and the
drum c.
Copyright. 1912. by A. Nicely Hail)
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1913-08-21

pencil and old dry battery carbon for
the elements Figs. 4 and 81. Cut q
round or square block OF wood for a
top to the jar Gig. o. and make
holes In II for the ends OF the rino and
carbon to stick through. II you use
zinc similar to the one shown In
Fig. 4. the little Tugs upon its sides
will be sufficient to support It. To
support the carbon. drill a hole
thumb nut. with the point Of q nail.
and slip q match through the hole
Zig. 81. Another way OF providing
for the carbon element Is shown In
Fig. 7. Pick up some arc lamp car
bon ends from around the street lamp
poles and remove the copper coating
from them with a file or sandpaper.
Then bind 1--WE OF the pieces around
center piece. as shown In Fig. 8, al
Loving the upper end OF the center
piece to project about IN inches
above the others. With the point of
a nail drill hole through the center
carbon Just below the top. through
which TO stick match for support
Fig. 81. The connection wire 10 also
run through this hole.
The bLchromate battery is the
simplest type OF closed circuit batter
les to make. The carbon and zinc
elements OF this may be the same as
those used for a sal,ammoniac cell.
and a tumbler or Mason fruit jar may
be used TO hold the battery nuid. The
oiohromate solution Ia made up OF bl
chromate OF potash. sulphuric acid
aud water in the following proper
tons:
-Four ounces bi-chromate OF potash
-Four ounces sulphurio acid.
One quart Of water,
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1913-08-21
HOMEMADE ELECTRIC BAT.
TgRIgs.

Every boy who experiments In cleo
trical work should know how to make
the common forms OF battery cells.
They are simple TO make. and the ma
tsrials are inexpensive and easily OBJ
tanned. There are two general classes
OF batteries-those made for open
circuit" work. such as electric bell cir.
cults and telegraph circuits. where the
current 10 not drawn upon very long
at q time, and those made for open
circuit" work, such as for operating
small motors. induction coils. etc.
where there Is more or less OF a
steady drain upon the current.
The sAl-ammoniao battery Is the
simplest OF the open circuit type. A
glass tumbler will do for Jar. an
old battery zinc pencil with several
inches OF the eaten end cut on will
DO for the zinc element Gig. ~, and
the carbon from a worn out dry bat.
terry. cut 10 a corresponding length.
will do for the carbon element Fasten
together the zinc aud carbon with rub
Der bands. as shown In Fig 3. after
wrapping a piece OF bicycle tape
around the upper end OF the carbon.
and inserting a small wad OF II be
tween the lower ends OF the carbon
and zinc. 20 keep them from touching
each other. Make a solution OF s
ounces OF salammonlac 10 a quart OF
water. or 4 ounces TO pint. This
battery will not be strong enough for
more than simple experimental work
For u stronger battery. make two
cells and connect the two in series: 4"
that is. connect the zinc pole OF one
with the carbon pole OF the other. as
shown In Fg. 7.
A quart sire Mason fruit Jar. or
large tobacco Jar or wide necked pic
kle bottle. can be used for larger
battery cell. Use 4 full length zinc
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1913-08-21

he neglected in all probability, and the
ground will be left cloddy so the mois-
ture will not filter through it readily
and the growing roots will not be able
to penetrate these clods, but large
quantities of plant food will be as it
we're locked up from them, and the
young plants will not get a good
start before winter.
Another advantage in early blowing
is that you turn under all weeds be-
fore many Of them go TO seed and
that is a good way to make the cult
walton of future crops easy.
To sum up, there are three good
reasons for early blowing and thor
ough cultivation: First to retain
moisture in the soil; second, to pulver-
ize the soil; third, to kill weeds.
Always take the harrow to the field
with you and harrow down your fore
Moons blowing before going to dinner,
and your afternoons blowing before
quitting at night.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1913-08-21
Mother Of Queens.

Although brewers were at one time
held In little esteem, there Is curious
historical fact In connection with "the
trade" that they may well be proud
OF. During the reign OF Charles /. a
country girl came to London In search
Of a situation and applied for the posi-
ton OF "tubwoman." or carrier OF beer.
at brew house. The brewer, struck
by her good looks. married her. In
short time he died. leaving her a
large fortune. She gave up the brew
cry, and for the proper settlement OF
her husbands affairs was recommend
ed to Mr.. Hyde, a rising young bar
rister, whom she afterward married.
This gentleman ultimately became
Earl OF Clarendon. and from his mar
riage with her he had one daughter.
who became the wife OF James II. and
mother OF Mary and Anne. both subse-
quently Queens OF England.-London
Chronicle,
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1913-08-21

use Of pure-bred bulls. and by castrat-
Ing all scrub bulls at an early age.
The south Is especially adapted to
raising cattle, because OF the long
grazing season. the enormous areas
OF cheap land, much Of which Is now
lying idle, the great variety of pas
ture grasses and legumes which grow
luxuriantly on all soils, and because
OF the mild winters.
II the western ranchman can afford
to pay southern farmers good prices
for COWS. pay the high freight rates
to the west, stand the losses which
naturally occur during shipping thin
cattle such long distances. also bear
the losses due to a change of climatic
conditions, and then make money on
them. why can not the southern farm
er who already owns the soils, keep
this stock on the farm and secure thu
increased profits? He can II he will
free his cattle OF ticks. increase the
efficiency Of his pastures by planting
mixtures Of lespedeza. bur clover.
white clover or perhaps melilotus.
alsike clover, and redtop over his pas
ture lands; and by raising more hays
and forage crops for wintering his
stock and finishing them for market
The surplus cattle can then be tat
tened by feeding cottonseed cake on
grass. or grazing fields of velvet
beans while feeding some concen-
trate: or they can be finished In tho
dry lot during the winter months. For
winter feeding no roughage has prov
en- more valuable than silage. as the
addition of It to a feeding ration invar
riably increases the size Of the daily
gains and reduces their cost. thereby
making greater profits. The quality
and the quantity Of silage which can
be produced on some Of these cheap
lands cannot be surpassed by the high
priced lands of the corn belt. whereas
the cost of producing It Is far less be-
cause Of the cheap labor.
The farmers Of the south are there
fore urged to discontinue this whole
sale shipping Of their female cattle
to other states, to free the pastures Of
the cattle tick. and to increase the
number and quality Of their cattle by
the use of pure-bred beef bulls. The
progeny will not only grow faster and
make larger and better cattle. but will
be far more profitable to raise and to
feed than are the natives. The soils
will be increased in fertility by the
manure, which gives such profitable
returns when applied to the cotton
crop and puts vegetable matter into
the soil The amount OF commercial
fertilizer necessary to produce crop
will be reduced and q more bountifui
yield will be produced.
Literature regarding methods OF
feeding cattle In the south and ersdi-
eating the cattle ticks may be OBJ
tanned from the Bureau Of Cattle In
dustry, Department OF Agriculture.
Washington. d. C. Southern farmers
are also advised to consult the depart
ment's county farm demonstration
agents.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1913-08-21

From a bushel and a peck to a
bushel and a half per acre should be
sown in the corn. IL the corn stands
up well rye can be sown broadcast
and covered with 5 shovel or Ia tooth
cultivator; or better still it can be
sown with a one-horse grain drill.
These useful tools are now on sale by
Berea merchants, and several are al
ready in the hands of farmers.
A number of farmers will SOW bar
ley instead Of rye this fall.
Care Of Stock in Dry Weather
1t is destructive to pasture to keep
them grubbed into the ground in dry
weather. 1t seems wasteful to cut off
the corn now for feed, but you better
put the stock in the woods pasture
and cut the fired corn from the dry
banks and feed it to them now for
that corn never will grow any more
but the pasture will revive when it
rains if you give it chance.
II you cut this dried up corn you
will have the ground cleared for SOW
ing rye when it rains.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1913-08-21

During the past twelve months cat
tie buyers have been active In Louis
lana. Mississippi. Alabama, Georgia
and Florida, purchasing cattle to be
shipped to the middle western mar
kets as either Gamers or stockers.
The prices paid for Gamers during
this period have been so high that
thousands of cows and heifers have
gone to the shambles which should
have been retained on the farms for
breeding purposes. This Is especially
noticeable when the receipts of south
for the last IL months are compared
with those for any previous period OF
similar length. The receipts Of Ala
bama, Mississippi and Louisiana cat
tie at that market have almost dou.
bled during this period
Since the first of February buyers
from the farms and ranches of the
west have been securing the gulf
states In search of breeding stock. A
few years ago this class OF cattle
would have been scorned by the west
ern ranchman as breeding stock, but
with the shortage OF cows for breed.
ing purposes the ranchers are glad to
get these cheap cows. to which they
will breed good beef bulls. The half.
breeds resulting from this mating
make fairly desirable beef animals.
Several thousand cattle have already
been sent from these states to Texas,
Oklahoma and Kansas, and some OF
them are said to have been shipped
as far as Montana.
Recently there were perhaps more
cattle unloaded at one time In Bir-
mingham. Ala, for feed. water and
rest while en- route to the western
ranges than have ever been seen in
that place before in one day. Georgia
and Florida are sending out thousands
Of these native southern cattle at the
present time at prices ranging from
SIS to $23 a head for mature animals.
A shipment Of 40 carloads Of cattle
was recently made from Osceola
county. Florida. In one day. They
were shipped to Kansas via Oklahoma
City. The cattle we're dipped In ar
senical solution before loading. to free
them of ticks. and were to be dipped
again on arrival at Oklahoma City be-
fore going above the federal quaran-
tine line.
Some people Of the south seem glad
that these cattle are being shipped
out. as the number of scrub cattle is
being reduced and the south will get
better cattle as a result. They do
not look far enough ahead. however,
or they would see that II the short
age OF cattle Ia such as to cause buy.
ers to come from the far west to buy
these scrub cattle for breeding pur-
poses, the chances OF southern farm
ers refllling their pastures with good
cattle are indeed small, for where are
these good breeding cattle to come
from at a reasonable price1 The best
and most profitable way OF getting
good cattle throughout the south is
to breed up the native cattle by the
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1913-08-21

Of breeds In claiming for themselves
an origin based solely on practical
considerations.
They are partly of Asiatic blood. but
in their selection. which extends over
a period OF 90 years. attention has
been paid to rapid growth and egg
production. so that the breed today
more nearly resembles the Leghorns
than does either the Plymouth Rock
or Wyandotte.
One fundamental difference still az
lists that shows the Asiatic origin Of
the red.
The Rhode Island Reds do not re-
produce themselves with certainty az
to shade OF color or style of comb.
but in practical points they may be
considered a distinct and well-estab-
lished breed.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1913-08-21
TEXAS RAvAGED By WeEvlLs
More Damage Expected This Year
Than Has Been Done Of Late
Every County Pestsrsd.

More damage VIII result this rear
TO cotton from the boil wsSfi thAn
has been occasioned by that pest dur
ing the last four years In Texas. Das-
trict demonstration agents employed
Jointly by the United States depart
ment OF agriculture and the asricuI-
tural and mechanical college OF Texas
say that every cotton county IN the
state Is being ravaged by the weevils.
The weeyils are especially bad In
Central and South Texas. in the tim
bered regions. The agents say the
weeyils will bring about a loss OF
thousands upon thousands OF dollars
TO cotton growers unless the insects
are stamped out
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1913-08-21
BEST BREED FOR FARM USE
Some Excellent Points That May A.
sist Farmer In Making Selection
Some Rapid Growers.

The Wyandotte is smaller than the
Plymouth Rock. but an equally rapid
grower. 1t is generally claimed that
the White Wyandotte will stand push
ing for rapid growth the best OF any
breed.
As layers the Wyandottes seem TO
rank about with the Plymouth Rocks,
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1913-08-21

go by themselves; this is better than
the squeezing treatment. but separate
them II convenient from the other
chickens and keep warm and feed all
they will eat
II the eye is not pecked by the other
chickens. as In fighting over food. or
the sac is not broken. there is no
special danger OF the other birds catch
ing the disease. even II they are allow
ed to run together.
We spent several dollars for roup
medicine. worked necessarily. causing
ourselves and the poor chickens un.
told misery by trying the squeezing
out method. and always lost the cases
Now we let them run and. save for a
blind eye. we seldom ever have one
die.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1913-08-21

An Ohio manufacturing plant con-
verts the waste steam from It's drop
forges into electrical power.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1913-08-21

Recent corrections In maps OF
Greenland have added about $50, 900
square miles to its area.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1913-08-21

but being somewhat more active and
having less tendency to overfatness
they should be credited with a slight
advantage.
The Rhode Island Red breed consti-
tutes the latest addition to the list of
popular American breeds OF chickens.
This variety differs from the majority
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1913-08-21

The congress Of Uruguay 10 plan
ming to make the manufacture Of al
cohol a government monopoly.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1913-08-21

New York is building a seventeen
story apartment house. the tallest
dwelling In the world
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1913-08-21

Holland has 1000 miles OF canals
In addition to 5000 miles OF other
navigable waterways.
The Catholic bulletin. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1911-1995, 1913-06-14
NOT A MARTYR.

When the Nobel prize for medi-
cal research was awarded last year
to DR.. Alexis Carrel, it was stated
in many Catholic papers that he
had been forced to leave France
to escape persecution on account
of his practical Catholicity. The
story was embellished with a
wealth of detail that made inter-
esting copy for papers which sell
dom hesitate to give prominence
to any item that helps to depict
the plight of the Church in France
in its darkest colors. The alleged
flight of DR.. Carrel from France to
escape persecution for the faith
gave an air of romance to his life
history which the recital of the
real facts would have rendered
very prosaic.
When this story was called to
the attention of DR.. Carrel he de-
MED that there was a particle of
truth in it. But, although this de-
NAL was made some months ago,
few papers that published the
original story have taken pains to
give the correct version. Are they
afraid to admit that they were
taken in? Why not let their read
ers know that there is no truth in
the story of DIR. Carrel' Is persecu-
ton on account of his religion ?
He is not a martyr for the faith
and he has too much good sense
to pose as such. He was not per-
secuted in France on account of
his religious belief and, conse-
quently, was not forced to leave
the country in order that he
might be free to assert his loyalty
to the ancient church.
It behooves Catholic papers to
exercise a little more care in Civ
ing space to news of this kind un-
til it has been verified. Careless
editing and want of supervision
are usually responsible for such
mistakes. But, whatever the
cause, they should be correct
ed as soon as the true facts are
ascertained. That much, at least,
is due to Catholic readers.
The Catholic bulletin. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1911-1995, 1913-06-14

ate; wicked and seditious projects she
does condemn; together with that
habit of mind which points to the
beginning of a wilful departure from
God. But as all the truth must neces-
sarily proceed from God, the Church
recognizes in all truth that is reached
by research, a trace of the divine
intelligence. And as all truth in the
natural order is powerless to destroy
belief in the teachings of revelation,
but can do much to confirm it and
as every newly discovered truth may
serve to further the knowledge of the
praise of God, it follows that whatever
spreads the range of knowledge will
always be willingly and even joyfully
welcomed by the Church.
"She will always encourage and
promote, as she does in other branches
of knowledge, all study occupied with
the investigation of nature. In these
pursuits, should the human intellect
discover anything not known before,
the Church makes no opposition. She
never objects to search being made
for things that minister to the refine.
ments and comforts of life. So far
indeed from opposing these, she is
now as she has ever been, hostile
alone to Incidence and sloth, and
earnestly wishes that the talents OF
men may bear more and more abun
dant fruit by cultivation and exercise
Moreover she gives encouragement
to every kind of art and handicraft
and through her influence, directing
all strivings after progress towards
virtue and salvation, she labors tc
prevent mans intellect and industry
from turning away from God anG
heavenly things"
There is one God and one truth
and truth cannot contradict ITSELF
The Catholic bulletin. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1911-1995, 1913-06-14
DOMAIN OF TEMPERANCE.
HUMANITps GREATEST FOES.

Had saloons never been discovered,
says DR.. A. Kelley, of Johns Hopkins
Hospital, Baltimore, and were it then
in my power to portray the effects of
such discovery, all men, without ex-
ception, would declare it impossible to
conceive of any more diabolical plan
for the degradation and destruction Of
the human race. Our greatest foes
are the manufacturers and distribu-
tiers of alcohol The stories of injuries
done by drink are so written in the
sad life history of many of our great
est men, are so evident throughout
our land in squalor, poverty, misery
and crime, and replete in prisons,
warehouses; and asylums, as well as
in domestic infelicity, that it is incon-
ceivable that any intelligent, rational
man can deny the necessity for strong
united action to rid the land of both
manufacturer and distributor.
The Catholic bulletin. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1911-1995, 1913-06-14
WOULD FLoc DRUNkARDs.

DR.. Miller, lecturing before the Lon
don Medical Society, has advocated
dogging for drunkards. He declared
the present system Of treating drunk
enness judically is all wrong, because
it began at the wrong end When a
citizen is brought up for the first time
on a charge of drunkenness, he is ad-
monished and allowed to go; the Sec
ond time he is fined, and the third he
is imprisoned. The first time the man
is clearly culpable, the second time he
is less accountable for his condition,
and the third time he is a chronic
drunkard.
The only thing such man remem-
bers, DR.. Miller said, is physical pain.
It is the one logical deterrent for the
chronic alcoholic, and it is the one
not used. The reason for this is that
we are too scientific and too senti-
mental We are too white-livered to
beat man who beats his wife; there
fore, in the name Of humanity the wife
has to go on getting beaten. It would
be kind to fog the alcoholic early.
whereas it Is simply barbarous to i'm
prison him later.
The Catholic bulletin. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1911-1995, 1913-06-14

servation in regard to the state
of religion in that country:
eff there be one thing more
than another that comforts me in
this splendidly Catholic country,
it is the wonderful devotion of the
people for the Mother of God. It
is Mary's land par excellence and
her affairs and shrines are much
frequented by men, women and
children. One can see more men
here in the church on week days
than can be seen in supposedly
pious Canada. In st. Heronium s
Church, where | said Mass this
morning, one-third at least of a
large congregation was made up
of the sinful male, and quite a
few of them went to Holy Com
munion. F"