davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Logan Republican. [volume] (Logan, Utah) 1902-1924, 1913-03-20

ured along the canal axis, was 3,UUU, 900
cubic yards. More than 100000 cubic
yards Of concrete masonry, n quantity
unparalleled in modern building opera
lions, was required.
Centuries ago Spanlards thought Of
the marvellous problem of cutting
through the thick neck which Joined
North and South America.
1t was Balboa In 1913 who discovered
the neck that has played such an i'm
portant part In the worlds navigation
problem. The honor might have gone
to Columbus II 1t had not been for the
injustice which finally blighted his life
But exactly ten years after Balboa's
discovery Galvao, Spanish sub
ject, suggested to his king, Charles w.,
the feasibility Of waterway through
the isthmus. Cortes was charged by
the king with the location Of the route,
and surveys were made.
But the action Of the United States,
which finally eliminated In the actual
prosecution Of the work as govern
mental enterprise, finds the beginning
not long after the declaration Of the
Monroe doctrine and at the beginning
Of President Jackson's term Of office.
The government then In control Of
Central America proposed that this
government cooperate with us In tho
building Of an interoceanic canal. But
1t was abandoned then because capital
was not forthcoming. 1t was renewed
again in 1881 and abandoned again for
the same reason.
The De Lesseps Failure.
1t was some years after the United
States had decided that the building
Of the waterway by private foreign
interests would not be violation Of
the Monroe doctrine II neutrality was
guaranteed that NJ. Ferdinand de Les
seps. the successful progenitor Of the
Suez canal. called congress Of French
engineers. which was convened at
Paris on HAY Is. 1879. Out OF the
eight routes the committee suggested
a tidewater route. The capital requir
The Logan Republican. [volume] (Logan, Utah) 1902-1924, 1913-03-20

world and the opening up Of scores Of
new harbors In South America; har-
bors which heretofore were practically
inaccessible for commercial purposes.
In the Panama canal the people have
a gigantic plant that is likely to stand
for all time as monument to Ameri-
can progress.
Now, the Panama canal as construct
ed consists in the formation Of two
artificial lakes covering the isthmus
from sea to sea. How this was &C.
complished may better be understood
by consideration Of the conHguration
Of the neck Of land between Colon and
Panama. The island Of Manzanillo,
upon which Colon stands, lies largely
below water level. From the shore the
ground rises in the course Of seven
miles to a ninety foot elevation at
Gatun. It then dips sharply, and from
Gatun to Obispo, distance Of twenty
three miles. It maintains general
elevation Of forty feet above the mean
level of the Atlantic. Obispo is the
northern entrance to the divide, aud
Pedro Miguel is the southern exit The
distance between these points Is eight
miles. From Pedro Miguel to Sosa hill,
on the shore of Panama bay, Is a
stretch of six miles of land, hardly
anywhere exceeding ten feet above
tho mean level Of the Pacific ocean.
Eighty-Ave Feet Elevation.
The huge dam at Gatnn arrests and
impounds the waters Of the Chagres
and Its continents so rs to form a lake
40 square miles In extent, stretching
TO Oblspo, the normal water level al
eighty-fve feet elevation. The same
level Is maintained In the Culebra cut
from Obispo to- Pedro Miguel. This
stretch of about thirty,two miles con
stltutes the summit level of the canal
On the Pacific side Of the divide a sys
TEN Of dams designed to entrap the
Rio Grnnde converts the six miles OF
OF the line from Pedro Miguel TO Soso
hi' lato second lake, with n water
level of fifty-nve feet At Gatun the
summit Is reached by means Of a trip.t
flight Of duplicate locks, amos similar
The Logan Republican. [volume] (Logan, Utah) 1902-1924, 1913-03-20
channel has a 300 foot bottom at the
standard depth Of forty-five feet
Tho Gatun Dam,

stauohru uoptu VI tVEty-hVo ieo~
The Gatun Dam.
The controlling feature of the canal
is the great earth dam across the
Chagres at Gatun. 1t is by far the
largest and strongest structure Of its
kind in the world, dwarfing even the
dams which have been built by the
government In connection with the ir-
rigation work in the southwest. Its
top is fifty feet above the water level
in the lake and 100 feet wide. At the
water line the distance through the
dam will be 374 feet and at sea level
the corresponding distance will be
more than half a mile. 1t Is 7,7O0 feet
long and contains 21,2O0,OO0 cubic
yards Of material. It exerts weight
upon its foundation equal to about one
ton per square foot for every twenty
feet of height. Under the highest por-
ton of the embankment the pressure
Is six and one half tons per square foot
The regulating works consist OF Q
solid mass of masonry almost seventy
feet in elevation. On the top OF tho
crest grooved piers eight feet In thick
ness are fitted with sluice gates capa-
bio of discharging 100000 cubic feet
Of water per second when the lake ID
no more than one foot above the nor
NAL level These regulating works can
be depended upon to prevent the lake
,, rising more than two feet on occasions
Of excessive flood.
The function Of Lake Gatun In at
fordlng an easily navigable channel II
Of no more vital Importance than its
service as reservoir and source OF
supply In the dry seasons.
This volume Of water is subject t.
evaporation and infiltratlon, and 1t II
called upon to furnish power for work
Ing the lock gates, lighting and various
other purposes,
The locks at Gatun are In thre'
flights, with lifts of $3.50 feet each
Fourteen gates are required for thes'
duplicate flights. The amount OF ex
cavation for the Gatun locks, embrac
Ing a distance OF 8,l36 linear feet meas
The Logan Republican. [volume] (Logan, Utah) 1902-1924, 1913-03-20
SYSTEM Of
PANAMA CANAL
What the Passenger viii
See on His lsthmian
Trip.

Or certain traffic lines might be IA.
vored Mt the expense Of others. But,
as matter Of fact, the available space
at the terminals of the canal Is too
limited to afford room for all who
might want to occupy 1t for commercial
purposes, and the granting OF conces-
sions would be equivalent to the es-
Establishment Of exclusive privileges,
tantamount to monopolies of local
trade. With the government In charge
there can be no monopoly and no dis
elimination Of any kind. while prices
will be kept at reasonable figure.
Biggest Laundry on Earth.
Even at the present time the 18th.
milan laundry is by far the largest and
most completely equipped In the world.
II Is run altogether by electricity. even
the irons being heated by the current.
or the scale on which It is conducted
one may Judge from the fact that dur
Ing the year It handled 5.5S1 ,823 pieces
In the bakery is turned out more
than 100000 loaves a year. at 4 cents
loaf. This. 1t will be noticed, is a
cent cheaper than the price Of the same
article In the states. But. in truth,
nearly all food supplies are cheaper in
the zone than with us.
At Cristobal is located one of the lar
The Logan Republican. [volume] (Logan, Utah) 1902-1924, 1913-03-20
WONDERFUL LOCK
UNCLE SANS
Gatun, Pedro Miguel and Nj
rafIores Raise and
Lower Ships.
TNCLE SAM has Just about con-
Guided that. having heen SO

UNCLE SAM has Just about con-
Guided that, having been so
" successful as laundryman
down on the isthmus of Pan
anna, he will begin taking in washing
for all nations. Not only that, but It is
very likely that he will have to go into
the grocery and general food supply
business, too, on account of the open
ing of the new canal
Furnishing ships Of all nations, II
seems. Is going to prove one of Uncle
Sans biggest problems In connection
with the operation Of the new water
way. Uncle Sam realizes that on ar
rival at Panama (going east or at Co
lon (going west there will be a scram-
BILE to get ashore. Passengers and ev-
erybody else who can escape duty will
want to stretch their legs on dry land
ana to take look around. Incidental.
ly they will wish TO buy n lot Of things
and to send their linen to the laundry
Mt Cristobal to he delivered on board
before their departure.
Uncle Sam as Landlord.
Then again there will be u lot Of peo-
pie who will want to stay over. They
will need hotel accommoda tons, which
according to present plans) will be fur
nished by Uncle Sam. For some years
The Logan Republican. [volume] (Logan, Utah) 1902-1924, 1913-03-20

leland the 1t am cross
Semi-weekly herald., 1913-04-14
TARIFF
ONSUGAR
DISCUSSED

United Press
WASHINGTON, D. c., April 12.--
The house Democratic caucus consid-
cred the sugar schedule of the tar
iff bill today
Representative Broussard of Louis
lana offered an amendment, proposing
the changing of the tariff bill to pro-
vide reduction in sugar duty only 10
per cent and no free sugar for nine
years. 1t was defeated Sc to 15, and
shows the test of strength of the ad-
vocates of administration and the pro-
tectionists.
Representative Hardwick of Georgia
offered resolution proposing imme-
diate free sugar. 1t will be voted
on late this afternoon.
Broussard later will propose other
amendments, all reducing the pres
ent sugar duty but none as much as
the Underwood bill. One proposes
a sugar duty of 81 1-2 cents per cwt.
Immediately, gradually the reducing
the duty until it is .97 of a cent in
1916 and thereafter. Another suggests
free sugar in five years instead of
three.
Underwood says it is impossible for
the caucus to complete consideration
of the bill for week and it will
probably be April 81 before the house
tegins its consideration.
Semi-weekly herald., 1913-04-14
Miners
WILLING TO
ARb|TRA7[
United Press

United Press
DENVER, April 1.-THE Joint leg.
islative committee which has been in.
vestigating coal mining conditions re.
ported today after three months Of
work.
It recommends compelling the Rocky
Mountain Fuel company and other
companies to recognize the United
Mine Workers for the purpose of set
ting the northern Colorado strike.
The report criticizes the miners un-
ion for failure on several occasions
to fulfill contracts with employers.
The committee denounces the Rocky
Mountain company. In reviewing the
strike in details, the report says the
committee endeavored to effect a
meeting between the representatives
of both sides. The miners organiza-
tion agreed but the Rocky Mountain
company refused, saying it would not
recognize the unions.
Semi-weekly herald., 1913-04-14

. FORCED TO
TESTIFY
United Press

United Press
CHICAGO, April 12.-Subpoen.
servers raided downtown cabaret res
tnurants at midnight and served
score of Chicago's fashionables, caba-
ret dancers and the managers to tes-
tify in the white slave probe. The
witnesses were taken to the La Salle
hotel where the committee met i'm
mediately. Many Of the women had
Mysteries and begged the investiga
tors to free them.
Natalie" cabaret dancer at Rec
tors, testified that her dances were
proper, although attended sometimes
by flimsy clothing
Martin Ferrari, her partner, testi-
fled the tango and turkey trot were
licentious unless skilfully done.
Mrs. Maud Joseph testified that Ma
talie in some Of her dances "wore a.
most nothing at ALL" and she heard
one man say: "I'm glad she wears
silk tights. Pm tired of seeing tho
mercerized ones"
Semi-weekly herald., 1913-04-14
BASEBALL CHATTER.

Dutch" Leonard, Vanvrin and Fos.
ter look to be the only rockies strong
enough to stick with the champion
Red Sox.
Those who have sen him work this
season say that George Mogridge, the
southpaw, is the most likely youngster
among the White Sox recruits.
Manager Smith of the Newark team
is trying to put over dicker for
Enos Kirkpatrick, now with Brooklyn
Enos was with the Redskins last sea-
son.
Pitcher Noyes, who starred in the
Northwestern league last season, has
finished his examinations at North
western university and Joined the Bos-
ton Braves.
Florida is fast gaining favor among
the big league moguls as training
ground. Next spring the Athletics
will train at Jacksonville, the Cubs al
Tampa and the Maps at Pensacola.
Perry Werden, who played ball in
the Mound Builders league, or some
other early organization, is to take
another fling at the game, this time
as an umpire in the New Northern
league.
A time clock has been installed al
Sportsman's Park, st. Louis, in order
to keep tabs on when the Browns re-
port for morning practice. And they
say that ball playing like box fight.
ing is no business.
Looks as If Manager Charlie Carr
Of the Kansas City Blues, has pickee
up fancy finger in Pitcher Ragan
The younger stood the Chicago Cub,
on their heads the other day, Mix,
Mitchell being the only one to nicl
him for hit.
Boston fans have not yet fully re
covered from the shock caused by tn,
Braves piling up eight runs in tn,
ninth inning and beating Washington
8 to z. AS a historical fact this stun
Of the Braves makes the Boston TIE,
party look a laugh.
When Red Murray of the Giants
complained about the "high sky tina
made fly balls hard to Judge" il
Knoxville recently, Josh Devore kick
ed in with this: "They have that higl
sky here all the time" said Josh. "I
has to be high or else they couldn'
get these mountains under it."
Semi-weekly herald., 1913-04-14
K. OF P.
C0NVEN T|ON
CLOSES

Durango fairly glowed with pride
yesterday. The distinction of enter.
tanning the first meeting Of the dis
trict association of X. of P's was
hers and she truly appreciated the
honors. To the members of the loca
lodge fell the individual responsibility
as hosts and they fulfilled their du.
ties so well that the visitors one ant
all were ready to vote them the prince
of entertainers. To the reception com.
mittee, Messrs. Hill, Clark and Han.
son, the major part of the credit is
due for the success of the social fea.
lures of the convention. The plans
for entertainment were well planned
and cleverly carried out, everything
being wholly with view of filling
the hours with pleasure for the out
of town folk
Following the business session yes
terday the entire party of delegate:
were taken by auto for trip through
the Animas valley. Stops were made
at Trimble and the elk corrals.
In the evening the festivities start.
ed with moving picture show, Da.
mon and Pythias at the Electric, ant
concluded with a grand ball at Rec
Men hall. Following the pictures
there was reception at Red Men hal
and later the company which mum.
bered over two hundred were seated
in the banquet hall, in installments
of fifty, where they partook Of the
bountiful repast served by Caterer
Hanno.
Dancing was in progress from {
until midnight. For the devotees Of
Terpsichorean art every moment was
one of delight. The music furnished
by the Drysdal orchestra was so ex
cellent that those who did not dane.
appreciated the rare musical treat ant
they too did not find a dull moment
A noteworthy feature of the enter
tainment was the general sociability o.
all participants. The cliques which
spoil many large affairs were con
spicuous by their absence.
The hall was beautifully decorate,
in red white and blue and the X. Of P
colors. A Pythian shield in the lodg,
colors was one Of the effective stag
decorations. The pretty gowns addet
their quota of beauty to the scene.
This morning there was genera
exodus of visitors for home, dutie
requiring their attention made It i'm
possible for them to remain longer
Tonight the Silverton delegation vii
wend their way northward. Thus ou
city returns to it's every day life
Just among ourselves, but we all hol,
brighter memories because of the af
fair and the interesting people that |
brought to our midst.
The following is list Of delegate
Of the different lodges and the Off
GERS Of the organization elected 70
the ensuing year:
Semi-weekly herald., 1913-04-14

Durango today is prominent in hav-
ing what is known as metropolitan
city government and it has so far
as all the frills and decorations, in its
general make up. But what have
those who footed the bills to show
for it?
One can visit any city the size of
Durango and will find no better paid
ga!aries, which have been increased
from time to time, that not one Off
cial could command in any other vo-
cation, and in many instance pay
less attention to their duties.
Durango has been governed practi-
cally with as much formality as any
city containing population of fifty
thousand or more and in the face
of these conditions what are we re-
ceiving in return?
We will take for one illustration
the caring for garbage, etc, which
naturally accumulates about every
house and business place in the city.
This visitor will see or hear every
morning or every other morning gar
bage wagons going about gathering
up this refuse, without additional cost
to the taxpayers. But here in Du-
range the stockholders of our cor-
rorations keep and maintain several
fine horses, wagons and often men
who practically do nothing when they
should be employed to carry off this
refuse, and not burden householders
and business houses with this addi-
tional expense to engage an express
man to do this work it costs s1.50
load( y, which represents about hall
dozen wheelbarrow loads. 1t is
even impossible to keep the dust laid
on orr principal business street, while
the people are taxed almost beyond
endurance. All this time these fine
fat, sleek horses are becoming stiff
and worthless standing in the stables
and yet we are paying for clean cut
metropolitan form of government. We
get everything but results.
The Herald claims that the house
holders and business houses should
not be forced to have hauled the rub
bish in question when they pay dearl,
tn have it done by the managers Of
the corporation which they own.
The question in the minds of thu
people at this vital time is what arr
we to hope for and have in the fu
ture for that which we dearly pa,
for.
Semi-weekly herald., 1913-04-14

The Ignacio and Rosa telephone line
is beginning to look like something
real. and before many weeks there
will be communication established be-
tween here, Rosa, N. M, and all the
intermediate points between here and
there. An assessment was levied at a
recent meeting of the directors Of
the new company, of $15 to each
stockholder to he paid in cash or, II
he chooses, the stakeholder may de-
liver to the company fifteen good poles
to be fourteen feet long and -four
inches in diameter at the top. Work
on the new line will begin at once
and will be pushed with all possible
speed to the completion of the sys-
tem.-Ienacio Chieftain.
Semi-weekly herald., 1913-04-14

Montezuma No. 22-F. S. Balster
w. F. Ballreich, A. F. Hutchinson, A
L. Nathan, H. R. Scouton, E. F. Hill
w. H. McDevitt, Henry Redman, A. E
Knapp, X. M. Murray,
Aztec No. GA. Krumpanitzky, C
L. Rice. R. T. McGraw, S. w. Car
penter.
Bonito No. 8 (Farmington)-N. T
Bowman.
Snow Flake No. William Palm
quist, Fred Goble, w. N. Searcy, Geo
d. Brown, Edgar Dyson, ]. N. Cliff.
ford, Chas. Dale, Geo. E. Purdy, R
W. Ptolemy.
Pagosa No. 126-E. X. Caldwell, G
McCord, Pat Garfield. Jas. Garfield
W. F. Mitchell, H. E. Williamson, w
Fl. Hill.
Silver Star No. 105-Harry v. Pyle
(absent).
Officers for Ensuing Year
Presidents. w. Carpenter, Aztec
No. 81.
First Vice President--W. H. Hill
Pagosa No. 81.
Second Vice President-W. w. Dun
lap, Silver Star No. los.
secretary-Geo. d. Brown, Snow
flake No. 81.
Assistant Secretary-Geo. Doake,
Bonito No. s.
Treasurer-A. F. Hutchinson, Mon
tezuma No. %.
Executive Committee Messrs.
Palmquist, Hill and Smith, of Silver
ton, Durango and Dolores respectfully
Place of next meeting, Silverton.
Semi-weekly herald., 1913-04-14
LETTER DAY IN THE SCHOOLS
Mr.. Geo. N. Raymond,
Secretary Board of Trade,
Durango, Colo.

Dear Sir:
April 25th has been designated in
Denver as chamber of commerce let
ter day in the public schools. On
this day a member of the chamber is
assigned to each of the grades in
the public schools beginning with the
fifth. He is provided with data and
statistics for talk on the resources
of the state. Following his talk the
pupils are requested to write letters
to friends outside of the state telling
they why they should come to settle
in Colorado. Prizes are offered for
the best letters.
The result of this letter day is that
not only the children but also the
business men are educated as to the
advantages and resources of Colorado.
1t has proved very successful in years
past, and last year number of cities
in the state observed this day with
Denver.
AS the next meeting of the Colorado
Association of Commercial Executives
will come pretty close to the day
set aside in Denver, it will be too
late to take it up through the asso-
citation.
If you desire further particulars as
tn the rules of the contest, the out
lire of address furnished each speak
or and other details in regard to the
arrangements, | will be glad to supply
them.
Hoping that you will give the mat
ter serious consideration as it is a
fine thing for the school children and
the older people as well, l am,
Yours very truly,
THORNDIKE DELAND,
Secretary.
Semi-weekly herald., 1913-04-14
SPRECKELs TO BERLINY

ut is rumored, both in Paris and
Chicago, ILL.,, that John D. Spreckels,
of San Francisco, CAL, the son Of
the late sugar king, is to be the next
ambassador to Berlin from the United
States" said Baron Ludwig do Leo
pold Of Paris, who Is . guest at the
Hotel Belvedere.
Baron Leopold represents large
banking corporation Of Paris and Is In
this country on business. He recent
ly arrived in New York and from
there went to Chicago. He arrived in
Baltimore last night. This morning he
will go to Washington and from there
to the Pacific coast in the interest of
the French government, which is to
have a large exhibit at the San Fran
cisco-Panama exposition.
Baron Leopold at one time was in
the diplomatic service Of France and
was military attachc to Cuba. He
was in the field with the Spanish
forces, General Blanco. During the
war the baron was wounded and sent
to the United States.
~ heard the report before I left
Paris" said the baron. "The German
people whom l spoke to about the pro-
posed appointment Of Mr.. Spreckles
seemed very much pleased over Pred-
dent Wilson's choice"
During the reform movement in San
Francisco John d. Spreckles gave
100000 to the city attorney to help
prosecute the grafters.-Baltimore
American.
Semi-weekly herald., 1913-04-14
FROM FOUNDRY TO PULPIT.

NEW YORK, April 1.-THE Rev.
DR.. William II. Morgan will tomorrow
preach his first sermon as pastor Of
Calvary Methodist Episcopal church
in this city, which is the largest Meth
odist congregation under one roof in
the world. DR.. Morgan was q puddler
in an iron mill for eleven years and
from It has risen to the position Of
pastor Of one Of the leading churches
In the United States. Up TO the ags
Of % he could not read or writs.