davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Oxford Democrat. [volume] (Paris, Me.) 1833-1933, 1913-03-04
GA y A YEAR <
= IN A COAL MINE
AsSNAw Copyright 1910
NMNM by the u - + II
@AaE9 AhanhcM Moahhh
Company USBAND
The

the chin. 'rhis washer ia Inflated as
soon as the helmet Is adjusted and
p,essing out closely against the stee
snen OF rne neImeI on one slde. con
forms closely to the contours Of the
head on the other. leaving the ears ex,
posed. In the front Of each helmet is
round bullseye Of heavy mica. pro,
tected by steel rods. and below the
bullseye, an inch below the mouth. Is
the main valve, which Is closed imme-
diately before the man enters the poi
soned atmosphere.
From the helmet In front hangs q
pair of false lungs. or large rubber
sacks. projected by leather apron.
aud Oh the back. held by straps over
the shoulders ana supported by plates
fitting closely to the small Of the back.
hangs heavy knapsack weighing
about forty pounds. This knalSack
consists Of two steel cylinders. each
one containing pure oxygen compress
ed to 1870 atmospheres. sufficient tn
support life for one hour. the two 10
gether being sufficient f"r two hours.
Above the oxygen cylinders are two
cartridges. or cans. containing io"S''
crystals Of hydrate OF potassium snifi
cient to absorb Two hours emulation
Of carhonic acid gas With the helmet
these cartridges and the oxygen cylin
ders ARE connected In continuous cir
cult. and as soon as the oxygen Is
turned on there is flow up from the
oxygen cylinders by a tube under the
right arm to the helmet aud down IN
der the left arm TO the cartridges and
through them again to the tube ut the
oxygen valve.
Oxford Democrat. [volume] (Paris, Me.) 1833-1933, 1913-03-04
Our Debt TO the Merino.

The progenitOrs OF our nue. Wooi
sheep were brought to this country from
spain in the latter part Of the eighteenth
century. In he early part OF the nine
tseuth century, lSl0-11 fine wool sheep
became immensely popular in this coun'
try. a sale at 81 900 being not uncom-
mon, and dollar meant lot more than
il does now. This popularity OF the Me.
rino, and later of the Delaine, developed
from the early Merino, has continued to
a greater or less degree ever since.
Until the time of ths stocking OF the
Western range country, the only sheep
that were accounted of much importance
in this country were those tnat csrrleo
the blood of the old Spanish Merino.
The free range of the great West brought
about vast increase in our supply ol
sheep. Up to this time, about loeO, we
had raised sheep for their wool only
Then. with our greatly increased supply
of sheep. Westerners began to plan for
some revenue from their sheep besides
wool. With some trepidation range
sheepmen began to make shipments
of sheep to market. Mutton became
cheap and our natural economy would
not allow 1t to 60 to waste. SO we ate
IL AS we ate more and more OF 1t we
learned to like 1t better and better.
Mutton grew in popularity and wai
seen everywhere on hotel menus; and, az
we found ordinary mutton good We
began to ask for better mutton. Conse,
uuently, the lamb industry started ana
grew. Still we were not satisfied, ano
we began TO import in great numbers
mutton sheep from England, 30 that We
could have better m utton chops than the
Merino would make. Thus the popular
ity of the Merino sheep was challenged
by their cousin ns from across the water
For cent ury the Merino sheep com
prised pract ically our whole sheep IN
dustry. To-day, in spite OF imporla'
tions of mutton sheep, In over Two
thirds of our sheep is found the blood OF
the old American Merino. The fint
wool sheep made possible the stocking
of the range, because of their hardness
rustlinp ability and inclination to range
in flocks. No other blood has ever Deer
able to replace the Merino there.
No man can lay claim to being wei
posted on the livestock Industry ot tni'
country who does not know these fact'
and recognize the great part the merint
sheen has played ip our livestock devel
opment. Our great colleges In the Cen
trail West pay practically no attention tC
the fine wool sheep. Many agriculture
instructors know comparatively little
about them. Let us give due credit tt
the blood that has played the most I'm
portant part in the development OF an!
class of our livestock industry. win
out fine.wool sheep the sheep industr,
of the East would not have been highl!
and quickly developed, and the sheel
industry of the West could not hav'
grown TO be great without them.-Pete
I tSnyder, Pennsylvania, in Tribune Farm
Oxford Democrat. [volume] (Paris, Me.) 1833-1933, 1913-03-04

perhaps only few yards away. hid'
len In the smoke and darkness. lay
q dormant fire which the presence OF
air would fan into active flames. Slow
" we withdrew through the doorway
and once more climbed over the mules
into the box. The sudden transition
from the heat Of B entry to the cooler
atmosphere of the air shaft condensed
the sweat inside our helmets and
smeared the inside Of our bullseyes
with thick white mist that cut OH
even the little that we had previously
been able to see.
have not mentioned the converse
ton or words that passed between us,
but I do not remember that we said
much beyond the few words that were
necessary. The scant sounds that
echoed through the lsinglass OF the
helmets seemed more like the farofi
below Of some animal than the voice
Of man.
Once again In the car we gave oui
signal, and far off-400 feet above us
the expectant ears Of the watcher
caught the note Of our two bells Ike
distant church chimes. Softly we fell
ourselves lifted. and the ascent was
begun. Four minutes later the three
electric lights at the shaft brink glow
ed-now almost defiantly-through the
smoke. and we lowered the side Of ou'
ship and dragged in our ganSplank
Oxford Democrat. [volume] (Paris, Me.) 1833-1933, 1913-03-04
CHAPTER VII.
Eiahtina For the Mine.

@T was a cold. gray morning
III when a dozen Of the men cho'
III sen to effect the first descent
into the mine gathered inside
the small stockade about the air shaft
Outside the fence. unmindful OF the
rain and cold. q hundred silent. unex'
pressive faces pressed close against the
palings aud watched for what might
come. Everything was In readiness
for the descent. Inside the dome above
the air shaft the seal had been remoV
ed, and the double doors. forming q
sort OF yestibule which connected this
room with the outer world. made ar
effective air lock through which the
men might enter. A large. square box
which In the time Of operation had
been used to lower heavy supplies and
occasionally mules into the mine. hppl
suspended By a steel cable In the all
shaft and was lowered or raised BY
means of an engine In the fanhouse
the cable running over sheave whee
ln the crown Of the dome.
No one knew what conditions woult
be met with at bottom. but It wal
determined to make a trial trip, low
eriug three men in helmets to the bot
Oxford Democrat. [volume] (Paris, Me.) 1833-1933, 1913-03-04
Browntail Moth Parasites.

More than l,500,000 winter nests OF
the browntail moth were imported from
other countries during five years by the
United States Bureau of Entomology for
the purpose of liberating in this country
such beneficial parasites as hibernate IN
the winter nest of this pest.
The entomologists of the Maine Agri-
cultural Experiment Station obtained
last winter, two species of imported par
asites from nests collected in Maine, one
species having worked as far north as
Orono. AS the parasite laboratory
where the work of handling imported
parasites is at Melrose Highlands, Mass,
il will be seen that these two insects
have already spread over wide terri
tory.
Several other species Of even greater
value have also been liberated in Massa-
chusetts, and any one in Maine having
browntail nests on his premises can ald
in the protection and distribution OF
these imported friends by putting him.
self to very little trouble.
The present methods Of destroying
the browntail nests in mid-winter, while
effective in killing the caterpillars, also
destroys parasites if present. A modih-
cation of this method could well be
made by which the parasite is allowed 10
escape before the destruction OF the
nests. As heretofore, the nests should
be removed from the orchard or shade
trees during the winter, but should oe
held and kept under normal outdoor
conditions until the first warm days Oh
spring, when both parasites and cater
pillars become active. The nests, as
soon as cut from the tree may be placed
in barrel or other receptacle, the out
side of which, at some distance from the
top edge, should DO smeared with tree
tanglefoot or some similar preparation,
so that the emerging caterpillsrs can oe
caught in their attempt to escape. IL
might be well to tie wad OF cloth
around the outside of the barrel In
band and keep this sticky with tree tan
glefoot.
This method of dealing with the nests,
while destroying the caterpillsrs, gives
at the same time chance for the para
sites to fly away and continue their nat,
ural depredations on the orowntaiI
moths. The parasite, q small, shiny
dark. four-winged fly, about S-l6 OF an
II lQcn III l6uElu, WOaiA W.
| the tauglefoot is not placed on the upper
rim of the barrel. 1t is suggested tina,
these barrels be placed in the vicinity OF
woodlots in which browntail nests are
known or supposed to be present. Inc
parasites would thus aid In reducing tns
iufestation in the woodlands a. wen a'
being enabled to breed and spread.
As some of the parasites whicn n,oei
nate in the winter nests of the browntai
moth will also kill the gypsy csterpiliars
1t will be seen that double purpose oaI
be served by aiding in their Distribution
Carslessness In dealing with the gatn
cred winter nests should, OF course %
avoided, as an overturned barrel OF NV
caterpillars in the vicinity OF oronafu "
forest trees might prove a much NOR
serious matter than burning the nests u
the first place-parasites and ail.-Chas
lD. Woods, Director Agrl ExPerimen
lStation.
Oxford Democrat. [volume] (Paris, Me.) 1833-1933, 1913-03-04
Cutting Swale Hay.

Twas pleased to see the remarks ol
NJ. Cam pbsll about cutting swale hay
early. He has hit it just right. Because
the ground is moist, and the grass holds
green longer, most people think there Il
no hurry about cutting the swales and
low meadows, but the real meadow gras.
is hardening and growing undesirable
TO r stock food fully as fast as that OF
dry land. This 10 one reason why "med
der hay" has such . poor reputation
among feeders and In market.
II such grass was cut early enough tc
get two crops. l think either OF them
would be worth a. much for feeding n
the coarse, bulky, rough-leafed, rust,
main crop cut late. Then there ART
many plants beside grass growing il
suob places which stock relish, ane
vhioh become hard and tasteless late II
the season. The tall meadow rue Of
silyer-leaf 10 relished by sheep and vii
bs eaten by cattle II cut In Its earl!
stages, but by the usual time OF cutting
meadows the stalks are dead and brow!
| and simply fill up the NOV as 90 muol
dry brush Of any kind, and the seeds ar
scattered to renew the trouble.-O. ID
L. In Maine Farmer.
Oxford Democrat. [volume] (Paris, Me.) 1833-1933, 1913-03-04
Notes from College of Agriculture


The farm demon strstion work now be-
ing directed by the College OF Agricul-
ture iu Oxford, Cumberland, and kenne-
bee Counties is progressing very salts
factorily. Already a sufficient number
of cooperatOrs have been secured In Ok
ford and Cumberland Counties. All the
detailed work for next years enterprises
is being organized. Mr. Deering, In
charge of the work In kennebec County,
Is meeting with very generous support
from the farmers of that county. Mr..
Clarence A. Day, OF Presque Isle, sue
cessful ArOostook County farmer, has
been engaged to take charge OF the Farm
Demonstration work in Washington
County. lie will begin his duties at
once. In that county the work will be
directed principally with relation to po-
tato and grain growing.
The College Of Agriculture Is cooper
atipg with agricultural and business or
CARNATIONS 20 a greater degree the pres
ent year than ever before. The follow
ing lines OF work, In which the college
has been engaged during the present
winter, will give an idea of its varied &C
tivities ~ the service of the people OF the
|
state. They are as follows: lectures
and demonstrations before oranges,
clubs, schools, agricultural organizations
Of various kinds, boards Of trade. The
latest plan set in motion Is the extension
school. Recently an apple packing
school was held at South Paris under the
direction Of Mr.. George A. Yeaton OF
the College Of Agriculture, who Is In
charge OF the farm demonstration work
in Oxford County. This school was the
first one to be held in Maine, and very
likely in New England. Others were
held at Buektield and Hebron. II is ex'
pected that the extension school will
constitute an important part OF the e1'
tension work of the College of Agricul
ture In the future, since it is believed
that It offers an opportunity for instruct
i've work of genuine value.
Oxford Democrat. [volume] (Paris, Me.) 1833-1933, 1913-03-04

A very interesting feature of tn,
Farmers Week course at Orono, Marcl
Srd to Sth, inclusive, will be the many
important lectures given by successful
Maine farmers. The following vel
known farmers are among the speakers
Mr.. T. B. Roberts, Norway; Mr.. e. b
Chapman, East Corinth; Mr.. Guy c
Porter, Houlton; Mr.. l.. G. Holston, Cor
nish; Mr.. Frank Lowell, Gardiner; Mr.
K. l.. Copeland, Holden; Mr.. o. B. Grit
fin, Caribou; DR.. j. A. Ness, Auburn
Mr.. John A. Roberts, Norway; Mr.. q
L. Keyser, Greene; Mr.. +. II. Morse
Waterford; Mr.. w. Fl. Conant. Buckfeld
Mr.. John NJ. Deering, Ssco; Mr.. 81. W
Evans, North Bridgton; Mr.. Z. G. Pat
ten, Topsham; Mr.. II. G. Boyer, Jr.
Portland; Mr.. Z. A. Stanford, West
Keunebupk.
Never before in a single agricultural
meeting in Maine has such large mum
Der of well known and successful farm
ers contributed TO the program. The
Farmers Week is the one big agricul
tural meeting of the year in Maine, held
for purely educational purposes, and IL
is believed that the plans of the present
year will prove successful. The evening
lectures will be given by DR.. l.. s. Mer'
rill, DR.. G.. w. Stephens, President X. j.
Alley, Hon. j. A. Roberts.
Friday afternoon and Saturday the
Maine Association of Agricultural Stu
dents will hold its annual meeting. Spe'
cisl programs are ready for distribution.
Oxford Democrat. [volume] (Paris, Me.) 1833-1933, 1913-03-04

passed out would allow the clean air
from the air shaft. carrying more oxy'
gen, to pass into the entry.
Without word. stumbling awkward
ly In our haste. we climbed through the
door and fastened It behind rs. THE
entry is on firew we shouted to Delmer
as we climbed over the edge of the box.
and then for three or four long minutes
we stood voiceless as the box swung
upward. ench man with the fear In his
heart that u sudden explosive blast
from the mine below would hur| Us
to an lnstunt destruction.
Oxford Democrat. [volume] (Paris, Me.) 1833-1933, 1913-03-04

An effort Is being made by the Grange
of Lubec to promote the breeding OF
onlv pure-bred cattle throughout the
town by cooperation In buying pure
hrsd sires and dams. As many a. can,
soree on one particular breed, confining
tSsmselyes to this breed alone. The
Holsteins are the leading breed in this
town at present, while Ayrshires and
Shorthorns are being bred by several
farmers.
Oxford Democrat. [volume] (Paris, Me.) 1833-1933, 1913-03-04


NETS.
Upon adjusting the helmet the wear.
er takes several large breaths OF pure
uir. which he eyhules into the false
lungs on his chest. and Immediately
shuts the mouth valve. AT the same
instant. with his right hand behind his
back. he turns on the oxygen. and
this. regulated by valves to IN even
feed to last for exactly two hours,
forces itself up the tUhe into tho he'll
met and by its pressure and reverse
suction draws down through the other
tube and through the cans OF potas
SUM hydrute the exhaled breath. Air
being a mixture OF pure nitrogen and
pure oxygen. the oxygen cylinders fur
nish one necessary element The Sec
ond-the nitrogen-already exists In
the several breaths that the man has
taken into the false lungs. for the nj
trogen atoms are indestructble and.
mixed with oxygen. can be used In
definitely. Passing through the po-
tassium hydrate cylinders. the carbonic
acid gas is entirely absorbed. leaving
the free nitrogen atoms to unite with
the oxygen below. and 80 for two
hours a steady stream Of air passes vi
through the right hand tube. and for
two hours the cans OF potassium hy'
drate absorb the impurities exhaled
and pass on the nitrogen atoms to
unite with the fresh oxygen ever dow
Ing up from the cylinders.
In order that the helmet men might
keep exact account Of the amount oil
oxygen used there was clock fasten'
ed to the knapsack When the helmet
was adjusted and the oxygen turned
on the hand Of the clock pointed tc
two hours, and as the pressure In the
cylinders was reduced The hand Slid
back to one hour, thirty minutes. M
teen and finally zero. when 1t would
be necessary to open the valves and
breathe the outer dir or suffocate. we
could not see the clocks on our OWL
knapsacks, as they were behind oul
backs, and so every fifteen minutes
or so we would gather in the gas 6lled
tunnels and with our electric torches
read the minutes remaining on each
others clocks. Thirty minutes lei
meant start for top. even If we were
penr the hoist. We could take NJ
chances. Unconscious men are marc
to move, especially when ones own all
has almost gone.
Oxford Democrat. [volume] (Paris, Me.) 1833-1933, 1913-03-04

Careless Miner, With Light on Cap,
Filling Cartridge With Powder.
il he had not hit on his head. A hun
lred men were now working In the
moonlight. and in half an hour two
more Of the great beams were placed
across the shaft mouth and planks and
,anvas. packed down with clay. above
them.
The damage Mt the top OF the man
hoist had been slight. and only the,
doors on the house above 1t had been
,iowu from their fastenings. For the
,i,irl time the shafts were sealed.
Oxford Democrat. [volume] (Paris, Me.) 1833-1933, 1913-03-04

Begin to test the vegetable ,u,',' and i,i@ .,
..sd. This month. Look for impurities
In the seed as we'll a. seed OF low GERM
mating quality.
Oxford Democrat. [volume] (Paris, Me.) 1833-1933, 1913-03-04

The reason Europeans get such large
returps from a small area 10 thar they
apply immense quantities OF manure
and then thoroughly cultivate the CROP
Oxford Democrat. [volume] (Paris, Me.) 1833-1933, 1913-03-04

II one is compelled to feed timothy
hay and corn stover ration OF oran ano
oats will help to maintain the ewes 10
GOOD condition during the winter.
Oxford Democrat. [volume] (Paris, Me.) 1833-1933, 1913-03-04
Maxine IL Riqht.

First lawyer Don't you think we are
giving our client unnecessary trouble!
Second lawyer Yes. but we can charge
him for IT,
Oxford Democrat. [volume] (Paris, Me.) 1833-1933, 1913-03-04

nj, meal is greatly relished by lambs
and helps greatly In OBTAINING nn'
finish for the market.
Oxford Democrat. [volume] (Paris, Me.) 1833-1933, 1913-03-04

Nun Is the only animal that knows
nothing, that can learn nothing. with
out being taught.-Pliny.
Oxford Democrat. [volume] (Paris, Me.) 1833-1933, 1913-03-04
fro BE CONTINUED
The Inevitable.

There Is no good IN arguing with the
Inevitable The only argument avail
able with an east wind Is to put on
your overcOat
Oxford Democrat. [volume] (Paris, Me.) 1833-1933, 1913-03-04

Rapee.lambs are far superior 70 ma
.,vs. .hrsd lambs as feeders for the mar
ket.
Oxford Democrat. [volume] (Paris, Me.) 1833-1933, 1913-03-04

That which Is sin In the field Is death
In the harvest.
Oxford Democrat. [volume] (Paris, Me.) 1833-1933, 1913-03-04
AMONG THE FARMERS.
sPEED rHx PLow." I"

Correspondence on practical Agricultural topic.
is solicited. Address all communications In
tended for this department 20 HENRY ID
HAMMOND, Agricultural Editor Oxford Der,
ocrat. Paris. Ne.
Oxford Democrat. [volume] (Paris, Me.) 1833-1933, 1913-03-04
Well Known Farmers to Lecture

AT THE ANNUAL FARMERS WEEK, oRoNo
Oxford Democrat. [volume] (Paris, Me.) 1833-1933, 1913-03-04
CHAPTER VII.
Tho Deadly Gases.

H FTER the labor and e1citemen.
n of the long night the sudden
III stopping Of activity came like
the breaking Of a tightly
The Caucasian. (Shreveport, La.) 1900-192?, 1913-04-20
Newly Elected Officers.

The annual convention of the
State Public School Teachers Asso-
citation completed its worn on Sat-
urday. 1t was we'll attended, and a
most interesting meeting.
The new officers are: Honorary
president: Thos. d. Boyd, Baton
Rouge; president, Nicholas Bauer
New Orleans; first vice presidents,
Miss Dorothy Schultz, Monroe: Miss
Mary Breazeale, Lake Charles: SEE
Iond vice president, W. J. Avery,
Winfield; secretary, l.. J. Alleman
Lafayette: treasurer, ID. B. Showal-
ter, Alexandria; executive commit
tee, DR.. Stevens, Lafayette, Ct. C.
Huckaby, Shreveport; Legislative
committee. Miss Marion Brown, New
Orleans: C. E. Byrd, Shreveport; J.
NJ. Barham, Marksville; A. C. Lewis,
Amlte; J. E. keeny, Ruston.
The Caucasian. (Shreveport, La.) 1900-192?, 1913-04-20
April.

Come loveliest season of the year
And every quickened pulse shall
beat,
Your footsteps in the grass to hear
And feel your kisses soft and
sweet.
Come up April through the valley
In your robes of beauty drest,
Come and wake your flowery chill
dren
From their wintry beds of rest.
Come and OVERFLOW them softly
with the sweet breath of the
south,
Drop upon them warm and loving
Tenderest kisses of your mouth
All month that comes with rain
bows crowned,
And golden shadows dressed
to her Inconsistency
And faithful to unrest.
Phoebe Cary.
The Caucasian. (Shreveport, La.) 1900-192?, 1913-04-20
Uncle Johns Grave.

The faithful janitor and friend of
the children, Uncle john has not
been forgotten.
His grave in the Catholic ceme-
terry has been cared for by the
School Board. 1t is marked with a
marble slab and coping surrounds
it. The simple inscription reau,.
John Booth, a native of Ireland.
Faithful to his friends and to duty"
On Friday the kindergarten chill
dren under the care of their teach
ers, Misses Schuster, Eakin and
StringfelloW visited the cemetery
carrying flowers to plant on his
grave and to beautify the lot.
A little song service was held and
the sweet young voices sang Nearer
My God to Thee" then flowers were
placed on the grave, contributed by
the children and teachers from the
different rooms in the central
school.
Mrs. Edward Jacobs, Mrs. Walter
Colquitt and Mrs. Rochell kindly
furnished their autos to, convey the
teachers and children and their gift
of flowers to the cemetery.
The Caucasian. (Shreveport, La.) 1900-192?, 1913-04-20
Peterman'S Monthly.

This bright and newsy high school
publication improves with age. The
latest issue has a charming spring.
like cover of dappled gray, like
summer skies, and every page is in
teresting reading. This months con-
tributors are Miss Henrietta A.
Burns, Mr.. Watson Burkett, Miss
Grace Baker, and the talented
teacher of history; Miss Grace
Sharp, who has been an inspiration
to the students in their laudable eff
fort to establish a good high school
publication.
Too much praise can not be given
to the editor-in-chief Mr.. Arthur
Peterman, who shoulders the big
responsibility of the undertaking,
participates in literary society work
of school, and always has time to do
more.
The Shreveport High School is
brimful of bright, talented workers.
The annual publication 1.-THE Gush-
err will soon appear. 1t is well
worth the subscription asked, fifty
cents.