New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-09-02

CHleF JUlrlce WHITE
Of lawyers In creating and developing
law. as we'll as changing IL. power
more exercised out OF the legislature than
within it, lie spoke OF the influence OF
lawyers in the new world IN public
affairs. which. he said, was very striking
10 the observer. He quoted from PresJ-
dent Wilson as follows: The country
must find lawyers of the right sort and
the old spirit 10 advise IT, or 1t must
stumble through a very chaos OF blnd
experiment II never needed lawyers
who are also statesmen more than L
needs them now. needs them in It's courts
in its legislatures. in its seats OF exc
cutive authority: lawyers who can think
in the terms Of society itself
Law vs.. Ethics.
Lord Haldane then dwelt al some
length upon the difference between Tor
mulated Law. whether civil or criminal
the moral rules enjoined by private con-
science and the spirit OF the community
for which the English have no name. but
which the Germans call 'Sittlichkeit'
and which he defined ~ the system OF
bab,,ual or customary conduct, ethicai
rather than legal. which embraces al
those obligations Of the citizen which II
is bad form or not the thing 20 as
regard. the social penilty for winch Is
being cut" or looked on ashamed
He nointed out that without such re-
straint there could be no toleraole social
life. and said that II was this instructive
sense Of what 10 do and what not 70 90
in daily life and behavior that was the
source Of liberty and ease. and that thls
instructive sense OF obligation vas the
chief foundation Of society. He described
"sittlichkeit" as those principles Of con-
duct which regulate people in their rela-
tons 10 one another. and which have be-
come a matter Of habit and second nature
at the stage Of culture reached. and or
which. therefore. We are not explicitly
conscious.
After calling attention 20 the moral or
eanism OF the community. which is actu-
ated by the general ethical will. he dis
tinguished this general will from the VIII
Of a mob. which he characterized as
mere aggregate OF voices. He pointed out
that in time OF crises history abounds
with illustrations OF the general will ris-
! ing 20 heights OF which few individual
| citizens have ever before been conscious.
To Develop Ethical Habit.
Eniarging on this idea. Lord Haldane
advocated the development OF fun IN
ternational "Sittlichkeit," or ethical haoit
among nations, as well as within nations
He recognized that its development was
more hopeful IN the case Of nations win
some special relation than within mere
aggregate OF nations. In this connection
he said that recent events in Europe and
the way in which the great powers hao
worked together 10 preserve the peace OF
| Europe. as IL forming one community
pointed TO the ethical possibilities OF the
group system as deserving OF close STUDY
by both statesmen and students.
Drawing his address TO a close. Lore
Haldane pointed 70 the century OF peace
which has existed between the United
States and the people OF Canada and
Great Britain. during which the peoples
OF these countries have come 20 greater
possession OF common ends and Ideals
natural 10 the Anglo-Saxon group. The
binding quality OF this internationa
| "Sittllchkeit" he declared. resulted In the
fact that vast number OF citizens would
not to-day count il decent TO violate the
obligations which that feeling suggested
He advocated the settlement OF differ
ences between these three countries IN
! the spirit and in the manner in whicf
citizens settle their differences, and n
this connection he said IL was splendid
.Yamp,e 10 the world that Canada anc
the United States should have nearly foul
,bousand miles of frontier practically un
| fortified
Lawyers Specially Responsible.
The Lord Chancellor then pointed on
the special responsibility OF lawyers To-
the nreservation Of the future relations o
rriendship between the United States
canada and Great Britain. in the rae
ttat lawyers play large part in publ
affairs and influence their fellow men II
Questions far beyond the province OF la"
ard extending in the relations OF societ!
m that "Sittlchkeit' Of which he SPOKE
In this connection he added
| a., A-t...o that in the Language o