The Manchester journal. [volume] (Manchester, Vt.) 1861-current, 1913-06-19
Ihe H. ,air nod Nainit aaro ~
Hath Essssls,

AW HffAFHA N"ttA ea"sH
tie Travelled way The road should
he raised 81 the center and should
slope gently into broad shallow DIT
ehea It is then said 70 have
crown II IL II "a feet from the cen
Ter of the road 10 the side ditch
the surface al the side ditch should
h. AZ least 10 inches lower than i
Is al the center where the horses
travel The road then has ~
inch crown The rain that falls on
, ROAD properly crowned will run
quickly 10 the side and not SOAK
into the surface o. form pools the
side bitches for surface water should
run parallel TO the right Of way and
should be open at every low poini
~ that the water can run out OF
them into neighboring brooks or
streams. II the ditchos merely col
lset the water from the road sur
face and il can not run away, large
pools giI be- formed along the road
side. which will gradually soak into
the soil beneath the road and make
il "a soft that the wheels Of wagons
will cut through the road and make
1, 10 soft that the wheels of wagons
will cut through the road surface
aud soon destroy IL
Sometimes water runs from land
along the road into the road and
forms little stream down the
wheel tracks or IN the middle where
tho horses travel When driyeways
into farm yards are built across the
side bitches they frequently form
channels for water from the farm
yard 10 run into the road The
pines under driyeways become filled
with leaves or rubbish and the wa
Ter can no longer run away. If the
drlveways that stop the ditch water
we're rebuilt so that no pipes were
necessary aud the ditch could be
lett open. much trouble from sur
face water would be stopped.
Sometimes road runs across low
ground or through a swamp where
the road can not be drained by side
bitches alone. II the road were
built higher like a railroad embank-
ment across such low land and made
with a crown, IL would be dry and
hard Sometimes road passes
through what is called a cut. This
Is a place where the earth has been
dug out SO that the road can go owe
a hin without being too steep. The
water which always flows quietly
under the ground on hill sides Is
known as ground water In road
cuts such water sometimes makes
The road very muddy, and the road
then needs what road builders call
undertakings. A good kind OF
Is a trench 10 go
dong under the side drain and
,bout three feet deep and a foot
md a half wide In this trench a
,ipe Is laid near the bottom and
.ayered with loose stones no bigger
han an egg. When the trench is
filled with loose stones
he ground water. instead Of soaking
ne roadway, win stop among
the stones and flow down the bill
Trough the pipe.
ep road smooth aud crown
4 the best method is To drag i
.ish road drag a road drag y
,adc easily with Two halves OF
u which has been split The log
6opld be about 6 or inches in
s.kn.ss and about 6 OF feet
NIX The two halves Of the log
"a set 3 feet apart with the
noolh faces forward and upright,
hey are then fastened together
ith braces set in holes bored /
rough the log A pair AT horses z
Iay be used 10 drag the road ana ]
70 hitched to chain fastened TO G
IL front half Of the log. The I
lad drag should move forward 80 /
at Il slants acrofs the road In
lch way that small amount OF I
.rth will slide past the smooth face
the log toward the center OF the
,ad. thus forming the crown, The |
iges ~ the logs viii smooth ont :
II rnis. The best way 20 drag is I
begin at the side ditch and go
i one side Of the road, and then
pan the 1as,or. In the next trip
ia drag should be started little
carer the center and the last trip
ser the foad the drag may work
ose 70 the center itself Small
dees ~ earth viii be thrown In 5
a. horse track and smeared by the
lund side Of the los smoothly over
- road. The smearing Of the
anh BY the drag j. called ''pnd-
ling and il tends 70 make the
iriare Of the road smooth aud wa
r. tight after the sun comes out i
be road IS always dragged after i
IS rainea aud not when il il dry
good strong pair Of horses with
weil-bulit drag can drag about
i miles ~ read In a day. aud u
the best way 10 maintain good !
aads III every county some farm !
! along each miles o. road ,
sga'd osn drag and DRAG the /
oad ahen Il rains He would al i
ave i3rd The road In good condition q
hen be goes 10 market Ii