The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1913-03-04
TiPLEss AERoPLANE.

tNASA over Al 2elt 10 iSSSl IN Inc All
IS this years problem in flight. ana
fair solutions are beginning TO come
in sight Before the year is over, a
vast step forward may be expected
Judging by the successes of the last
few months. and by the attention
which is being given the problem by
the keenest airmen and engineers of
Europe and America. Speed, reliable
Iiy OF engines, weight-carrying ability,
and strength they hare already won.
II is s mistaken idea that the way
to solve the problem is TO devise some
little apparatus that will always
quickly pull The right levers and so
keep the aeroplane level. AT best that
Is only half of the problem. Such an
apparatus has been devised on vart-
, Gus principles for many makes OF
aeropianes. and takes the name Of
automatic stahilirer.s
IN contrast with the idss OF auto
matte stability is Inherent stability.
which means an aeropssne 50 built
that II wants 10 keep straight course
all the time because Of the lines on
which it Is built. Just as an arrow Is
built so 1t will shoot straight and NOT
swerve to the right or left. and only
points down as it inses SPEED.
SO most OF the aeroplane designers
are working primarily on ths idea on
inherent stability ETea tnoss ses
signers who hare devices for auto
matte stability appreciate that Ia give
these devicas q fair show. the aero
plane ought ANYWAY to be as inner
eatly stable as possible, II is not rash
fe claim that no device for automatic
stability viii be = success until inner.
eat stability is largely obtained.
Every hoy's experience with kites
has taught him that the shape of the
kites Is all Important In keeping
them NJ IN the air. poorly shaped
kite viii dive In a steady wind. So
iron the first flights by the Wrishts
the shape has been recognized as in
nortsns, but not until the last few
months has the study OF detail on
shzpss grown SO all important.
To kinds Of inherent stability are
necessary. lateral stability. which
means that the aeropiane wiz not tip
over sideways. and direcsional srabsl-
~. which means that II ~iN rot dive
down Or mp So far as turning 10 the
right or LEFT IS concerned. the n-oh
lem Is not 20 ser.oas. far it Is not 50
dangerous q usne1ver. and /. uatur.
air cOztrolle5 Dr. the airman's md
dr. =
The Size and share Of the tail we're
.rst recognized as important. and stin
are. on the principle Of the tail
feathers Of an a-row ksa-iag TIE AZ
roe fight straight This part Of ne
problem has been pretty vel solyea.
an6 large tails q fairly =efLsessied
shape are tie rule or most ae-uplanss
which SEEK inherent Stability. The
greatest vclzs o. the tai is IN it,
hsip oa Giree1ipnsI STABILITY. to keep
the nose from diving up or down
II Is The sAane OF The rings. how
svsr. that tss real studies ara accom-.
ulissins results and . simple pr,n-
cinie IS he basis here On ever
aeTu7saHa there Is ssce1fsr al pres
sire which corresponds somewhat To
: eeata- q gravity. Il IS apparent
that Il The center o. pressure moves
tnEar1s he froat q The machine. the
ss-oglzae VII Eaat 10 dive down. or
Il tha center a. pressure mcyas b.ck.
ne zs-oplzre viii want 70 steer m
w1rGs- Sudden gusts 0. wind hitting
Ire asrpalsne harder Ia some places
tazz II others. saIfs this center q.
pressure forward cr backward. IS ths
case -av -. So the idea Is TO have
si-sx so shaped That II the esrtsr o.
pressure -oTes forEerd he wing
shape VII naturally tend 10 turn the
aoss uFwar5, and rice versa
TO scheEes for this have ALREADY
sz5 some success Most Etars a-e
czr~a5 ike a a-cf. from <ro1s 20
eseE Il TIE back edge he cure
g Ez--sG uR sltgaTly. The tense-ev =
q make Ehs center q pressure -
2a7S Els = -.s IDEA q tAa ra~
Ha15lsE Page no1opiaze ~hich has
-s1s rs-srkstss fights IN Estz1e
A1othsr idea advanced By 81 Invest.
Ez-1- q TIE Massachusetts Institute
q Technology q % lake ths t-oz.
edge = tie w1g vsrT thscs. zi-cs.
kncAay Al English s1stnee-. II. :
WiEsalood aas so175 that -asf-r :
zig lie so-s sszshers. wtsa thfcs
qul -sar TIE front edge and rzthe.
plizsIe 1z-E-tal bzck q II. Is etfec.
sug
Fo- Ia.srsl aasnitr aoe- se-o
planes hare the -lgs sasnure u
RON he Ei1dSs. o. t1rrs5 NJ ~ tne
szds -s7E so-e hare ne sings TIN
!, 81 eacs l.Etie from TIE rs66Ea .,
the machine Ths Handler Page In.
: bo7a. viii pseEEiz- czrTe rs
sig tips This sz-u7tzzs has mad.
5 Eosdertya Eigetz ~Ith Tia plat nc.
! tos1eatag tie lsyers e1c@vs when gse
: ting Of ths Ercua6 ana lzrtizE. azt
: seemed ~ have sa,T=si RS -~rb7a-