davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-07-19
IMPROVING OUR CATTLE

known az up-grading, which consists
in migrating the characteristics of a
superior breed upon animals Of COM
mon or mixed breeding. for the pur-
pose OF improving them. This Inn
provement Is due to the superior quail
tfty of the males used, and their power
| of transmitting accurately these quail
| ties to their offspring. This plan dit
fers from cross breeding. in that pure
blood Is used on the sire's side. and
females of mixed blood on the dams
side. Thus we have the prepotency
concentrated in the bull. and the very
opposite ir the females. az the more
mixed the breeding the less stable arc
the Inherent characteristics of the In
div!dual and, therefor. the less re-
sIstant to Improvement.
In general then. It II necessary for
the majority OF holders Of common
stock to mako tho best use Of the
animals on hand. with a view to TN
proving them, Lot us suppose herd
OF common cattle Of aay sigheen head.
and apply plan Of Improvement. The
first thing for the owner Of this herd
to do II to decide upon some one limo
of production. other beef or dairy.
and then stand by the resolution.
Without this he can not Improve his
herd. for tho animals Of mixed breed
Ing are largely the result Of frequent
change OF purpose. Suppose in this
case, that the owner has decided TO 90
into the dairy business. Tho next
thing to do will DO to look over tho
herd Of eighteen and decide which
ones are SO possessed Of dairy type a.
to warrant their being used In the bus
mess. No doubt there will be found az
least six inferior ones which must be
sent to the block. Having selected
tho females to be retained. tho next
very Important step Is to decide upon
the breed to be used in Improvement.
Having decided upon the broed-sup-
pose It Is the Holstein-then purchase
tho best HoJstein bull tho pocketbook
win allow, Mate this bull with the /:
selected cows. and use him for two
seasons. after which his progeny will
be old enough to breed. Then secure
another Holstein bull. follow him with
others Of the same breed indefinitely.
Let 1t be nothing but Holstein bulls. |
We have cited Holstein merely for tho
purpose Of this Illustration. The same |
plan must be used no matter what tho
breed is "
There Is some question az to tho
number OF crosses that must be pro-
luced before this high standard Of
excellence will be secured In the
grade. Instances are on record where
Ideal high grades have resulted from
the third cross. In general. one would
be safe in counting on at least the
nth.
We desire to emphasize the fact that
the use o. improved methods OF breed
Ing alone will not avail. It is abso-
lutely necessary for these to be sup
plemented by liberal feeding and
proper care and mana cement.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-07-19

After the wire was in place the in
side Of the silo was plastered with ce-
mont mortar, thus covering the wire
Tho mortar consisted of one part
cement and three parts sand. Four
openings were provided for removing
the silage. The door frames are OF
cast iron. one inoh in thickness with
q projection which laps couple ot
inches over the brick work on the in
side Of the silo. The doors are made OF
two thicknessss Of seven Inch flooring
with roofing paper between. and they
arc held in place by being bolted to
four by four inch pieces Of timber
which extend across the door frames
on the outside.
It Is believed that this method OF
construction possesses many advant-
ages where a permanent structure Is
desired. Tho wire fencing. being
protected by the coating Of cement.
has no tendency to rust. and the life
of the silo should be almost indefinite.
In every agricultural community the
services of a brick-mason can be Sc
cured easily, the job Of laying up the
four-inch wall is a short one, and the
farmer himself can put on the wire
and do the plastering.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-07-19
SPRAYING FRUIT TREES.

While great good is derived from
Spraytng, yet In my opinion many
growers expect too much from spray
ing. There are certain climatic condi-
lions over which we have no control
that are constantly presenting new and
perplexing problems.
Tho past year has demonstrated tho
fact that we may make every prepara-
ton to spray our trees and have a fine
show of blossoms and yet in a few
days heavy rains will destroy our ap-
pie crop. No matter how much we
spray and use fungicides there are
certain climatic influences that deter
mine the size Of our crops Of fruit.
During the past season many apple
growers were scared out by the wet
weather and yet many who sprayed
the most secured excellent results.
The rain may wash off much Of the
fungicide. but think If the applica-
ton Is made from seven to ten days
apart. until the fruit Is we'll started,
there will be little danger Of damage
from the apple scab.
The first application should be made
Immediately after the blossoms appear
The frequency of future spraying must
depend on the weather the intervals
varying from one to two weeks.
The moro I see Of spraying the more
realize the necessity of frequent ap-
plications and the more favorably
In, pressed I am with a mbination of
fungicide and insecticide, adding paris
green or London purple to the bor-
deaux mixture. Such form of mix
ture, think. should come into more
general use.-C. NJ. S.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-07-19
SILOS AND SILAGE
Sl Thirty Feet Deep Will Furnish Siage for Practically Six Months
When Fed at the Rate of Two Inches in Depth Daily
BY HI. ATWOOD.

Then q cylindrical brick wall was laid
up four inches thick. cement mortar
being used. As the wall was laid 20d
wire nails. which previously had been
annealed by heating them. were I'M
bedded In the mortar with, the ends
projecting from the wall about two
inches into the silo. Two nails were
used for each square foot of surface.
After the wall had stood q few days,
woven wire fencing was cut into
pieces Of the proper length to so
around the silo. and the projecting
ends OF tl,e nails were .clinched over
the wires 80 as to hold tho fencing
close to the brick wall. Only fencing
with straight horizontal wires should
be used for this purpose. for II It is not
drawn close to the wall In all places
an unnecessary amount of cement IL
required for the plastering.
Two thicknesses of wire fencing
were put on for one-half the depth
of the silo and only one thickness on
the remainder. Each strip was Tapped
about two inches over the lower one.
The top course projected four inches
above the top Of the wall, and thus
was stapled to the plate, fastening the
roof securely to the structure.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-07-19
PACKING PRODUCE FOR MARKET
Nv S. b. SHAW.

for decay means loss. Allow all fruit
and vegetables to cool in the packing
house, and have them dry before
packing. They will keep longer and,
present better appearance at the
time of sale II handled in this way. So
much of the success in marketing
farm products depends upon the pack
ing. that growers cannot be too par
ticular in seeing that this work II done
in such a way as to show their pro-
duce to best advantage when put on
sale. While it is Of the utmost Inn
portance that each package be filled
with the same grade throughout. 1t 10
equally as important that 1t be done
carefully With the softer varieties OF
fruit and vegetables, such as peaches
plums, tomatoes and egg plant. that
are usually put in small packages. eacn
specimen should be placed by hand.
This not only makes the pack more
attractive, but it lessons the liability
of damage resulting from bruises.
Produce Of q Arm nature. as apples.
potatoes, etc., will not bruise 80 read
ily, and as a result it is not 80 nee
essary to handle each individual speca-
men In packing.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-07-19

On a dairy farm a silo 10 almost a
prime Necessity, Silase Is suceulent.
adds variety to tho ration. - relished
by the animals. and promotes . more
healthful condition Of the, digestive
system than whom dry feed only Is
supplied. For silo to be satisfactory
the walls must be air-tight and sum-
GENTLY rigid to Withstand the pressure
to which they are subjected whom the
silo Is filled with heavy green material.
For ordinary silos filled with corn
silage this pressure increases eleven
pounds per square foot for each foot
In depth of the silo.
Corn for the silo should BE- cut
Just before it becomes fully mature.
At that time there Is still enough Juice
in the stalks SO that the cut or
shredded material packs in the silo
firmly and yet there is not that earlier
superabundance of juice whose pres
ence tends to produce worry sour or
acid silage.
III building a reinforced brickrStlo at
the Experimental Station of West Viz
ginia. an excavation was made about
four feet deep to the underlying rock
In order to secure q solid foundation.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-07-19
TURNING WASTE INTO PROFIT

FOR several years the United States
Department Of Agriculture has been
devoting . great deal Of time toward
solving ono Of the most important
questions before the American farmer
and fruit grower today. This Is the
conservation Of all products on tho
farm. letting nothing 90 to waste
Special trains with leading govern
mont experts In charge have been sent
out through the country to demon
s&1ato and lecture on the various ways
BY which tho enormous waste OF this
country can be turned into profit.
While many subjects Of great interest
were discussed there was. perhaps,
nothing Of greater Importance than
the subject Of caring for the millions
OF dollarS worth of fruits and vege-
tables that go to waste every year. by
tho canning process.
The advisability Of canning the sur
plus at homo or on the farm, where
produced. was explained by these ex-
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-07-19
SPRAYING PorAroEs

When the broods are first appearing
Is the time to get after the potato bugs.
The best known remedy is paris green.
To one barrel of water use three
quarters Of pound of paris green ana
to this add about one gallon Of strong
lime water. This will prevent the
burning Of the foliage by the paris
green being too strong and will also
make 1t adhere to the leaves better.
Keep the contents Of the barrel we'll
stirred while the machine II IN motion.
One barrel Is sufficient for about
two acres of potatoes. MY experience
with spraying as preventative OF
blight has convinced mo that We
should begin early before the disease
has appeared. Some potato growers
who are the most ready to condemn
spraying wait until the disease gets
foothold and try to cure 1t with =
strong bordeaux mixture. \
I believe that II spraying 10 to- N
made effectual 1t must be commenc}
when the plants are eight or ten
ches high and be continued at freQu}OS'
intervals during the whole Of
growing season. I have every faithi
spraying as a preventative OF
blight, but no faith in its applicatN1
loped. u
Bugs may be held In check by the,
use of the poison in the bordeaux mix
ture, and when we consider this adj
vantage 1t is plain to see that the cost
Of the applied fungicide is very much
lessened.-w. M. Kelley.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-07-19

This article Is not addressed to
those engaged in pure-bred live stock
breeding. but Is intended for the great
majority In possession Of the cross
bred, grade and scrubs. The fact that
Z man owns and Is using pedigreed
animals is sufficient evidence that he
IL interested in live stock improve
ment and is familiar with and prac-
ticing good methods Of breeding. Our
producers of registered stock do not
receive the support and encourage
ment they should. for after expending
large sums of money to secure good
foundation stock and years Of effort
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-07-19
DAIRY HINTS.

A profitable flow Of milk once al
lowed to go down by default cannot
be regained until the COW again
freshens.
One mistake many dairymen make
is that of allowing their cows to get
started down grade before they begin
feeding supplemental feeds.
There are few conditions under
which dairymen will find profit in the
long run. at least, by experimenting
drought-stricke pastures either with
soiling crops or grain foods. 1t Is far
easier to Let a cow down in her flow
Of milk than it Is to get her back.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-07-19
THE CORN-FIELD ANT
By 8. A. yoRBEs

winter communities Of this species. A
careful search and exploration Of all
the tunnels and chambers OF large
nests have often failed TO bring to light
q single queen. Sometimes, however.
two or more queens may be seen living
contentedly in the same worker family.
performing their proper function OF
laying eggs for the increase OF the
colony. Besides these large, compo-
site and evidently we'll established
communities. one may often and single
females In the ground. sometimes
wholly alone and sometimes with q
few of their own eggs. . few larvae
and q small number OF workers.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-07-19

The biggest fish story OF the season
comes from the Catalina Islands. near
Los Angeles, where it IN given out that
a sunfish weighing 5000 pounds was
landed with an 18-ounce rod after
three hours fight.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-07-19

A California horticulturist has sue
ceeded in grating q hybrid between
the blackberry and the raspberry upon
a climbing rose vine. He believes no
viii be able to raise remarkable fruit
from this graft.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-07-19

1t IL well-known that ants RI ono
colony are extremely hostile to an
other colony Of their own species.
many observations having been made
OF hostilities, amounting almost to
battles. between them. Notwitstand-
ing the almost invariablc intolerance
exhibited by different families OF tho
corn-field ant towards each other. they
often live on perfectly friendly terms
with ants Of other species. both kinds
mingling tremendously in the same
galleries among roots of the same nils
Of corn. One Of the small red house,
ants, which often infests Kitchens
.nd nantries to the annoyance of the
housekeeper is frequently found at
nome in the nests Of the corn-deld
species, where they live peaceabiy to.
rether feeding from the same FOOD
supply. sos -.----.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-07-19

The sheep should have dark place
to run into during the heat Of day.
They want to get out Of the way Of
the flies that cause grubs in the head.
.. 'AIIep ps5uBuo 90 9snu uoIuM
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-07-19
CHEyIOT SHEEP.

This Is mountain breed of sheep,
hardy, and docs we'll on scant pasture.
It is grown very successfully in all Of
our eastern and central states. Cheviot
mutton is Of very superior quality.
This breed may be classed with the
long wool breeds Of sheep. as their
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-07-19
Champion Cheviot Ram.

fleece will weigh from to lbs. The
ewes weigh about $50 lbs. and the
rams, 200 lbs. The breed is pure
white. except the nose, which is black.
Cheviots are of unusually strong con-
stitution, excellent foragers and will
secure a living where other sheep
might fail.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-07-19

In the big cities many heartless con-
tractors work their teams all day and
hire them out for the night work. CIV
Ing them only two or three hours rest
in the twenty-four These are the
horses that are often sold to farm ers
as bargains when they are worn out.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-07-19

A hog Weighing 1915 pounds. raised
by a farmer in Dodge county, Neb.,
was slaughtered at Fremont. He
WAS bought by local butcher for 500.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-07-19

perts and steam canning outfits were
shown so that the farmers and their
wives could see how easily this work
can be done. A. the heat Of boiling
water 10 not sufficient to properly
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-07-19

A farmer near Ness City. Kas., re-
Gently sold tract of land for $4,000,
for which he paid only $1700 only ten
years ago.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-07-19

The melon growers of Kansas have
formed an association to teach their
members better methods of culture
and to regulate the prices.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-07-19

In establishing good herds, their Offer
ings Of surplus stock. especially males.
do not md ready sale at sufficiently
remunerative prices. The average
producer of meat and milk seems de-
termined not to pay more than about
meat prices for registered bulls to In
fuss Improved blood In his herd. but
the breeder cannot afford to produce
them at such prices. Failing to secure
improved males at these low prices
many producers fall back on the grade,
or oven tho scrub. and frequent COM
b1ne With this in-and-in breeding, es-
pecially where the males are chosen
from within the herd.
because tho producers OF live stock
other than puro-breds. comprise such
IN overwhelming majority Of stock
owners. and because they produce tho
great bulk Of TIE animal products
marketed. their influence In determ-
ing tho character and reputation Of
meats and milk Is very far reaching.
II = In tho hands Of this class that
the scrub and animal Of badly mixed
breeding are to be found.
It should be the ambition of every
man owning live stock to eventually
get into some line Of pure-bred live
stock breeding. The plan we have to
sugsest for the Improvement of tho
common stocks OF the country. Is that
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-07-19

II the fetlocks are clipped and the
horses legs are kept clean scratches
will never bother.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-07-19

Early and thorough training makes
gentle, safe and tractable horses.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-07-19

A dry time is not good time to
locate tile drains, but 1t il q good
time to dig them.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-07-19

Put the salt for the sheep in q
trough. They do not like to eat II
from the ground.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-07-19

It Is said that sheep will eat $50
different kinds Of weeds
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-07-19

Every time you go to the shesl
pasture, count the sheep.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-07-19

We need pasteurized swill barrels,
- roll q nsSteurized milk.
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1913-06-06

NEW ADVERTISEMENTS

Thomson Co,-Announces special sale
of bed spreads, damask and doilies.
~ Big shipment trunks, cases, etc. A
few specials In oxfords.
Kirkpatrick -Belk Co,-Tomorrow be-
gins a three days reduction sale of
oxfords for men, women and chill
dren. Trimmed hats and one piece
dresses.
Southern Railway-On fourth page
invites you to spend the summer in
the North Carolina mountains.
]. M. Stroup-Suggests that you have
your clothes made by the Royal
tailors and get satisfactory clothes.
Sheider Drug Store-Invites attention
to its line of cut glass and suggests
that you use cut glass for gifts to
the June brides.
Carroll Furniture Co.-Offers to sell
ice cream freeZers at reduced prices
It will be glad to repair bicycles.
Yorkville B. & M. Co.-Has received
several large shipments Of flour and
wants to supply you. All kinds OF
fancy groceries. ,"a
H. E. Neil, Co. Treas.-Gives informa-
ton in regard to the payment Of the
Communication road tax. "a
Idle Hour Theatre-Gives its pro-
gramme for tonight, including "A
will and a way" and also the pro-
gramme for tomorrow.
Mcconnell Dry Goods Co.-Has 800 Ia
dies and children's sample hats, 15c
to SO, to sell at half price; % inch
embroideries at IL cts. yard.
]. G. Wilborn-Has sold $4,000 worth
of property. In past ten days. Town
and country property. '" ,.T,E.
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1913-06-06
FOR ENTIcING LABOR

A man named Charley Haas, from
Gastonia got caught trying to entice
labor at Glover, Wednesday, and when
Frank L. Wilson, superintendent O.,
the Holland mill, came down to help
Haas out, he also fell into the clutches
of the authorities with the result that
the little incident cost the enterpris-
ing mill people a total Of $145.
Secretary and Treasurer Smith ac-
cidentally overheard someone using
the telephone to tell somebody in Gas
tonia to send twenty-five dollars to
move one family and SO to move
another, and suspecting what 1t meant,
advised Policeman Rankin. The po-
liceman promptly arrested the stranger
who gave his name as Charley Haas,
and asked for permission to commu-
nicate again with Gastonia for the
purpose of arranging a 500 bond for
his appearance.
The bond was arranged through one
of the banks at Gastonia. The en-
ployer of Haas deposited the money in
the Gastonia bank to the credit of the
bank Of Gastonia, and when the bank
at Gastonia notified the bank Of Clo-
yer that the money was there. Haas
was released.
The trial was fixed for the same ev-
ening when Supt. Wilson turned up
and the parties at interest went into
a hearing before Mayor Ritch. While
Policeman Rankin was testifying
Supt. Wilson sought to interrupt him
with questions; but when the police
man turned on him with You keep
your mouth shut until / get through
and then you may ask me any ques-
ton you like" he subsided somewhat
until the policeman had told his story.
After Policeman Rankin had given In
his evidence, Mayor Ritch asked Will
son If he had any questions. Wilson
said yes; but after a pause changed
his mind and Rankin came down
There was laughter in the audience
and Wilson stated he had one question
he desired to ask. Rankin went back
on the stand; but Wilson changed his
mind again.
After considering the testimony
which made out a clear case Of guilt
| Mayor Ritch imposed a fine of ST
which was paid by Supt. Wilson, and
Haas was discharged; but shortly af-
terward Rankin. VINO had been keeping
his eye on the pair in the belief that
they would bear watching, caught
them trying to negotiate with one OF
the families that had been thinking OF
leaving and arrested them again.
Rankin fixed the bond the second
time at $40. Wilson did not have but
twenty dollars in cash left and propos-