davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1913-11-05
Pixies PEAK NOT
DIMINISHING
IN ALTITUDE
REPORT or The GEOLOGICAL
SURVEY THAT SETTLES AN
OLD RUMoR.

Denver dispatches stating that r..
cent government surveys show that
Pixies Peak has sunk 80 feet 70 the
last three years are easily explained
Somebody has simply been comparing
the exact altitude OF tho mountain
recently determined 81 the tnned
States geological survey As 1900
feet. with old railroad Or barometer
figures Of elevation. As a matter 81
fact. 70 have come within 40 feet Of
the actual elevation shows q good
job Of surveying for the early days
when Indians were plentiful and in.
struments poor. for after All. there is
no royal road Of determining The alti-
tude Of any point It has % he done
today just as it had Toe or 1000
years ago, by series Of sights from
the ocean shore. To obtain the eleva-
ton Of Pixies Peak means that sur
yeyors had had to run levels all the
way from the Atlantic ocean. o. the
Pacific. to the top Of the mountain.
Thousands Of sights had to be made
OF course. when the geological survey
about five years ago established the
exact elevation Of Pixies Peak the
engineers did not start at the sea
level. they took the nearest point to
the peak which bad been previously
determined by former level surveys
When the summit Of the peak was
reached a bronze tablet with the fol
lowing inscription was cemented into
the rock
III. s Geological Survey George
Otis smith. Director. pixies Peak. Lat
itude Is degrees, 80 minutes, 26 sec
onds. Longitude 105 degrees. 2 min
utes. s7 seconds. q. S. STANDARD eIe-
walton above sea level 1900 feet,
1908"
There is but slight likelihood of
the altitude Of this tablet changing
within the lifetime of the present
generation Or. for that matter, within
the lifetime Of the American repub-
/ lie, however long We may expect il
to endure, unless some relic hunter
removes the tablet and in such an
event he viii make himself liable to
fine Of $3.50
The geological survey has pub
lished an excellent engraved map
known as the Pixies Peak Special
Map. which includes Colorado
Springs and the adjacent country
covering an area Of about 200 square
miles. on this map is shown every
physical detail Of the country and the
elevation not only OF Pixies Peak but
OF scores Of neighboring mountains
ranging from 10000 to 10000 feet in
height Streams. lakes, roads, trails
houses, etc, are also portrayed in
their exact relative positions. This
fine map is printed in three colors
and is sold by the United States geo
logical survey, Washington, d. c.. for
the nominal sum Of 20 cents.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1913-11-05
FuLLER,s EARTH.

A report on fullers earth, by JEFF
ferson Middleton OF the United States
geological survey. has been published
as an advance chapter from Mineral
Resources for 1912, and copies viii
be sent to interested persons free, on
application to the director Of the sur
vey at Washington, D. C. The value
of the fullers earth mined in 1912
in the United States was $3O5,522,
and Florida was the principal pro-
Queer.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1913-11-05

> AusE =
. f .
= B ACsN mHaaHy =
> ha aoa 90 e
= l good aaaea ter me
> tuy TO- 4
= BECAUSE EVERY COLLAR
= spend hom stays 81 home
= aud helps work or lhe wei Z
= fare of the community
= BECAUSE the man that 4
. bay from stands back Of The 4
= goods. I
. BECAUSE the man that I 4
> buy from helps support my
= school my church my lodge 4
= and my home.
. BECAUSE the man that I 4
. buy from pays his part OF the 4
= city and county taxes
. BECAUSE by buying at
= home I improve the commun- 4
y ity, thereby advancing the
. price Of my holdings i'm pro- I
' portion TO the amount I would
. save by sending away Here 7
= live. and here ] should buy
. . . = . = . . . . . . I
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1913-11-05
ZOE sALE.
Moving Houses by Tractor

Parties having houses to move
from Goldfield will do well to see
.G. W. Lifts. We have heavy gas
tractor on trial and while we are
breaking the road we viii haul some
light houses very reasonable, and
guarantee them delivered in good
condition. A little later we will
bring larger ones. Drop us card
in Box 1O11, Tonopah, and we win
come and see you.
C. w. LIFTS
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1913-11-05

Jumulong Mangloc is the highest
point in the island Of Guam, our
smallest individual Pacific island
possession. According to a chart
published by the United States geo
logical survey, it is 1874 feet above
the sea.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1913-11-05
Coffee

1--WE guarantee they
all say that; but money
back talks.
Money back when YOU
have tested the whole
package and are sure of
your mind.
Schilling's Best.
In lib, 2-b and 2iA-lb aromatight
cans; Clearly graduated, 40c a ID.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1913-10-22
ANAEMIC SINCE CHILDHOOD
How Miss Holmes Regained Her
Health

If you are anaemic, you need more
iron in your blood. and the tel-tales
symptoms are pale face colorless
lips, ashen finger nails, poor circula-,
ton. and short breath, and more
serious diseases are easily contract.
ed when in this condition.
What Vinol did for Miss Yvonne
Holmes of Fall River, Mass, it will
do for every anaemic rundown per-
son. She says: 81 have been weak
and anaemic since childhood, always
had that tired feeling Tonic after
tonic was tried with little or no re-
suit until Vinol was recommended,
and after taking three bottles, my
appetite and digestion have been i'm
proved. do not suffer and more
from insomnia, nor do / have dis
tressfng headaches as formerly, and
am stronger than I have been for
years."
We ask every anaemic or run
down, weak person in this vicinity
to try a bottle of Vinol with the un-
Outstanding that their money will
be returned If it does not do all we
claim Barker's Drug Store, Bemid-
il.
P. S.-Eczema Sufferers! We
guarantee our new skin remedy,
Saxo.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1913-10-22
AN old RECIPE
TO DARKEN HAIR.
Common garden Sage and Sulphur
makes streaked, faded or gray
hair dark and glossy at once.

Almost everyone knows that Sage
Tea and Sulphur, properly compound
ed, brings back the natural color and
lustre to the hair when faded, streak
ed or gray; also ends dandruff, Itch
ing scalp and stops falling hair. Years
ago the only way to get this mixture
was to make 1t at home, which is
mussy and troublesome.
Nowadays we simply ask at any
drug store for "Wyeth's Sage and Sui
phur Hair Remedy You will get a
large bottle Tor about so cents. Ev-
erybody uses this old, famous recipe,
because no one can possibly tell that
you have darkened your hair, as it
does itsso naturally and evenly. You
dampen a sponge or soft brush with
1t and draw this through your hair.
taking one small strand ut q time;
by morning the cray hair disappears,
and after another application or two.
your hair becomes beautifully dark,
thick and glossy and you look years
younger. -Ady. SIS -s--.sts.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1913-10-22
RECORD BREAKING
SPEECHMAk|NG PLAN
Suffag|sts to Talk Twenty-touf
Consecutive Hours. ~.

New York, Oct. 22.-Women.r, will
talk for twenty-four hours continuous.
ly in public square of Brooklyn bor-
ough as part Of a big suffrage cam
paign being waged in that section this
week.
The record breaking speechmaking
effort will take place under the aus
pices Of the Women's Political union,
which will station spellbinders at the
junction Of Flatbush and Atlantic ave-
nues, near the subway terminal and
Long Island railroad station, through
which section great crowds flock. to
and from their work. The plan is to
start the oratory at z o'clock Friday
evening and to continue by relays un-
til Z O'Clock Saturday night. Four
teen women have been enrolled as
spellbinders.
Other features of the Brooklyn cam
paign are visits which the women are
making to the United States coast ar.
tillery garrisons near the harbor en-
trance and to the Brooklyn navy yard.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1913-10-22
HIS PAPER REPRESENTED FOR FOREIGN
ADVERTISING BY THE
You Read The Ads7

Newspaper advertising is so gen.
orally scrutinized, that some people
will say this suggestion is unneces-
sary. Still there are some people
left who would not discover q notice
that SO gold pieces were being
given away, even If prominently
printed in every newspaper. There
are some who pay needlessly high
prices, because they do not pay
careful attention to newspaper trade
announcements, suggests the Winona
Independent. The publisher does
not consider that when his readers
have seen every news item, they
have by any means exhausted what
the publication has to give them.
One Of the greatest services the
newspaper renders is providing an
avenue by which merchants and
tradesmen can give information about
their offerings. Only by keeping
track of these offerings can the
public know where the best values
are to be had. This newspaper
hopes that none of its readers are
paying needlessly high for living
costs, by failure to learn about the
buying opportunities which these
columns report from Issue to issue.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1913-10-22

FOR SALE-150 acres good heavy
clay soil on a nice lake with lots
OF fish In, seven miles from Ten
strike ON the M. & I. railroad, and
four miles from Puposky on the
Red Lake railroad. This 10 IN ex-
ceptionally good piece of land
fairly level and mostly, hard land
with some low that will make GOOD
natural meadow. when cleared.
About 1000 cords nice Birch tim
Der and about l54 thousand fest
Of saw log timber. Small clearing
on the, Lake shore where there has
been some buildings which .have
been. removed. Price $500 per
acre. One-fourth down and. bal
ance time will be given at 81 In
terest made payable IN equal, A.
nual payments. v. W. Owen,
Hines, Nina.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1913-10-22
PREFERRED TO
TAKE CHANCES
Man of Millions Who Conducted His
Business as a Game of
. Chance ..

The late John w. Gates was al
ways ready and willing to make a
wager on every question that came
up at any time or place. He was
familiarly known to his intimate
yacquaintances as "Bet-a-Million"
Gates. A friend once referred to
him as a born gambler. eyes, +
am" said Mr.. Gates, land so long
as win at least fifty-one percent
of the time I'm going to continue
to gamble" He made many mil
lions Of dollars in his various busi-
ness of enterprises and it is said that
he always referred to them as
games of chance.
Since the days Of old, life has
ever been called gamble. Small
enterprises succeed and large ones
fail; first we are up and then we go
down. It is estimated that the
great Panama Canal cost the enor-
nous sum of $500, 600, 900. AS a:
result of this mighty undertaking
"a book has been published, which
under usual trade conditions would:
retail for 81. But business chance
caused the publishers to distribute
this book through daily newspapers,
and thus readers get 1t Tor the mere
cost Of distribution.
Clip the Panama certificate from,
another column of The Pioneer to-.
day and you will learn that there is
no element of gambling entering In
to the distribution price asked for
this 81 volume. The only chance
for you to lose is in not taking adj
vantage Of the offer. II the last
change to get one finds you without.
a copy, You have lost. Look into 1t.
to-day.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1913-10-22

FOR SALE-75 and 3O-1O0 acres on
famous twin4lakes, ono of the best
locations in Minnesota for a SUM
mer home or resort, having lake
front and nice high banks with
fine grove Of Norway pines near
the water. Good level clay land
about 10000 fest, Of good pine
timber and 100000 feet Of hard
wood timber on the land. Only six
miles from Fines and Tenstrike
and on good wagon road. Fine
fishing in these lakes. Price, II
q taken with the timber on, tl,-
10000. 100000 down ana II
taken with timber reserved. ST.
10000. $500 downs and halancs
on time at so interest. Address
". M. Owen, Hines, MINI.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1913-10-22

The day set for the special election
by the mayor and city council is
November 20. On this day the voters
Of Bemidji will be given an oppor-
tunity to adopt or reject the propos-
ed Commission charter. The fact that
our present charter Is as good as
none at all or worse is a source of
encouragement to those who favor
the adoption of the revised form of
government. It's success in cities
where 1t is now in force is also a
strong argument in its favor. One
thousand copies have been placed in
the hands Of the city clerk for dis
tribution among the voters and every
voter whether for or against the new
proposed city laws should read them.
The judges for the special election
will be chosen at the next council
meeting night, November 3.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1913-10-22
X X 4 4 4 kkkk = Xxx Rk<k
= WORTH KNOWING I

X k%kkk< Xxx Rk<k \
\ WORTH KNOWING =
4 kkk< f<kk<<<k ~ \
The President of the United States
gets $4,000 a. year salary.
The Emperor of Austria gets 81.
500, 900.
The King of England, including
the Queens portion, gets $4,000, 900.
The King of Italy, 100000.
The German Emperor nearly $4,-
600, 900.
The King of Spain nearly $2,000,-
900.
The Sultan, of Turkey, $780,
900.
The. Gear of Russia from S., OOO,-
900 to $l2,O00,O00, according to the
monarch and what ruler has been on
the throne longest?
Can you tell who is the oldest
value of private estates.
See this space tomorrow.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1913-10-22

FOR sALH-The s.W. II Of the 8.
ELI Of Section 21-146-s2. This
forty has fair house and barn
and a few acres under cultivation
and is on a mail, telephone and
cream route. Price $4,000 per
acre. Time given to suit purchaser
interest per cent. For further
particulars call on or address A.
Kaiser, Bagley, MINI.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1913-10-22
Minneapolis Grain.

Minneapolis, Oct. 21.-Wheat-Dec.,
S0A @80Ac; May, $3.50. Cash close
on track: No. L hard, e43sc; No. 1
Northern, S1h@831sc; to arrive, slsl
@82Hc: No. Northern, 793t@Slz c;
No. 8 Northern, IT'S @79Mc; No. 8 vel.
low corn, 63@6315c; No. 4 corn. ssh
@61c; No. white oats. 341a @35c; to
arrive, 349sc; No. 8 oats, 32316 @3351lc;
barley. 44@65c; fax, 31.3S1k; to ~
Five, q .2s}1l
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1913-10-22
Chicago Live stock,

Chicago, Oct. Cattle eeves,
$6.7509.55; Texas steers, $6,75@7.s5;
Western steers, $6.00@8.30; stockers
and feeders. $5.10@765; cows and
heifers, $3.50@S.30; calves, $1,000
1850. Hogs-Light, $7.70@8.40; mix
ed, $776@S.50; rough, $7.65@7.8e;
heavy, $7.65@s.4o; pigs. $475Q7.75.
shesp-Native, $3.S5@4.96; yearlines,
$6.0o@6.0o.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1913-10-22
STOCK GAM BLING.

Short sales constitute the great
est menace to industrial stabil-
ity and financial strength, now
presented to the American peo-
pie. Some time we must take up
the problem Of suppressing these
gigantic gambling transactions,
and this is the time to do 1t.
We ought to employ the taxing
power to put an end to the evil.
If the tax Is imposed next year
there will be but a 1.-THE Of the
gambling that has been Haunted
In the face Of the American peo-
pie. It will not interfere with
honest and legitimate. business
methods, and the market places
Of the country will be made more
secure. The stock exchanges are
not now places for the actual
transfer Of commodities. They
are places where INSCRIPTIONS
men balance their wits.-Sena-
tor Cum minis of Iowa.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1913-10-22

No doubt all the politicians of the
state who appear on the surface will
claim to be the only and original
discoyerer OF the idea of ECONOMY
and efficiency" That sounds like
catching slogan and they will adopt
the same. Saltwater Gazette.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1913-10-22
TWEEvETHOUsAND PENNIES
PAID FOR SPITE.

Oxford, Pa, Oct. 22.-Tax-
payers of Hopewell borough,
smallest borough in the point
of population In this state,
have hit upon a plan of re.
venge because the tax collec.
tor, Samuel Russell, refuses
to accept their checks. Indig-
nant citizens carried $4,000 pen +
MES to his house in payment
Of taxes. He was told that
there were thousands more
pennies to come as soon az he
counted these.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1913-10-22
$4,000 VOICES! ]
..- Z
And Many are the Voices Of DeuidH
People. :

Thirty thousand Eoices--What. q,
srand chorus. And that's the number
Ct American men and women who. are.
publicly praising Doan's Kidney Pills
for relief from backache, kidney and
bladder ills. They say 1t to friends.
They tell 1t in the home papers. Be-
llidji people are in this chorus. Here's;
= BemidH case.
". H. Garrison, barber, 604 Third
street. Bemid1i, MINI, says: II had
pains across my loins and my back
xas often 80 lame that It hurt me TO-
sssop or lift. The kidney secretions
were unnatural. got Doan's Kidney
Fills at Berker's Drug Store and they
helped me 80 much that I can recon-
mend them to anyone suffering in .;
st2ilar way"
Tor sale By all dealers. Price 80
ssats. Foster-Milburn Co.. Buffalo,
Nsw York. solo SCENTS for the United
States.
Remember the nams- Doan's-and
taks no eother.
sWhsn Your Back II Lame-Rs-
as1Ibeg thA na3a."->AAv.
II + u =
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1913-10-22
FARMS FOE, SALE.

FOR SALE--Nc. 21-260 acres. 40
acres under cultivation, IS acres
meadow. 65 acres fenced for pas
ture. 9 room frame house with
basement. Large hip roof barn
with hay fork. Granary. Store
building. $1,000 stock Of ner-
chandise. l team Of horses, 6 cows.
Complete line Of farm machinery.
Price $S,000.00. Address H. q.
Reynolds, Bemidu, Mimi.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1913-10-22
The Markets.
South St. Paul Live Stock.

South st. Paul, Oct. 21.-Cattle-
Steers, $6.50@S.00; COWS and heifers,
$4.30@7.OO; calves, $5.50@9.50; feed
ers, $4.30@7.25. Hogs-$7.25@7.90.
sheep-Lambs, $5:00@6.50; wethers.
34:00@4:25;; ewes, $2.50@4.00.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1913-10-22
Man Frozen to Death.

Milwaukee, Oct. 22.-Wisconsin's
first cold weather victim was found
when the body of William Weis, sixty
years old, was discovered frozen and
rigid. It is believed that the man sui
fered from a strike, staggered to the
porch Of a house and there was frozen
to death.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1913-10-22
Grave Disorders in Portugal.

London, Oct. pa Reuter- dispatch
from Madrid says that grave disorders
again have broken out in Lisbon and
other cities of Portugal. The royalists
and anarchists have been starting
periodical agitations ever since the
Portuguese republic was established.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1913-10-22

"Slumless" Minneapolis insinuates
Elbert Hubbard in the Paint and
Varnish Record. It might be sug-
gested that Mr.. Hubbard visit Min
neapolic more often than once a
voor
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1913-10-22
KILLED WHEN OIL ExPL0DES.

Dakotan Turns Gasoline in Tractor
Tank Into Bonfire.
Fargo, N. D., Oct. 22.-Martin Tor.
gerson poured gasoline from the fau-
Get Of a traction engine tank upon a
piece Of burning waste. An explosion
resulted, the engine was wrecked and
Torgerson was killed. When the
waste rag would not burn freely Tor
gerson had sought to hasten the blaze
by adding more oil. ~. .
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1913-10-22

Uncle Sam might swap Mister
Harry Kendall Thaw for Mrs Emma
Pankhurst, pay little to boot and
still be ahead on the trade.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1913-10-22
Duluth Wheat and Flax.

~ ~ OuIuth Wheat and FAX. n
and to arrive, No. l hard, Size; No.
Northern, S3hc; No. Northern, 811s
@81ssc; Dec, Y2Ac; May, 861S @S6ssc;
Flax-On track and to arrive, $1.3Sh;
Oct, $1.37%; Nov, $1.3778; Dec, 81,
367k; May, $1.41%.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1913-10-22
X <Rk k< X Xxx kk% kk
< MALCOLM x

= * 4s,1k = = 4 ~ * kck X X ~
Gilbert Benson drove to Carmel
Wednesday,.
The company rig is now at Henry
Johnson's.
Leo Jackly went to Thief River
"Wednesday.
Annie Sversvold has finished m
addition to her house and Is now
building barn.
To much rain for tfreshtnH rs
there 4 nnstacked FLAG In places.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1913-10-22
CHICAGO Grain and Provision,

Chicago, Oct. 21.-Wheat-Dec.,
S33tc: May, 8ssl@88sc. Corn-Dec..
673sc; May, 69Ac. Oats-Dec., 3S1sc;
May, 419sc. Pork-Jan., $19.40; May,
1882. Butter-Creameries, 28hM
291ac. Eggs-25@26c. Poultry-Hens
and springs, 1311c; turkeys, TIC.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1913-10-22

FOR SALE-Typewriter ribbons for
every mako Of typewriter on the
market at so cents and IS cents
each. Every ribbon sold for rs
cents guaranteed. Phone orders
promptly filled. Mail orders given
the same careful attention as when
you appear in person, Pohne 81.
The Bemidi Pioneer Office Supply
Store.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1913-10-22
POSTAL AID FOR HIGHWAYS
Good Roads Movements to Have Sup.
--..H mort of lenartnAnf

..l5 port of Department ...
Washington, Oct. 22-Good roads
movements throughout the country
are to have substantial support OF
the postof1ce department. First AS
sistant Postmaster General Roper has
Notified officially postmasters of all
classes that ut is the desire of the
department that they cooperate with
state and county authorities in the
endeavor to improve the condition of
the public roads,"
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1913-10-22
MISCEILANEOUS


ADVERTIsERS-The great state Of
North Dakota offers unlimited OPP
portunities for business to CLASH
fed advertisers. The recognized
advertising medium in the Fargo
Daily and Sunday Courier News
the only seven-day paper in the
state and the paper which carries
the largest amount of classified
advertising. The Courier-News
covers North Dakota like blank
ct; reaching ell parts Of the state
the day Of publication; it Is the
paper to use In order to get re-
suits; rates one cent per word first
insertion. one-half, cent per word
succeeding Insertions; fifty cents
per line per month Address the
Courier-News. Fargo, N. d.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1913-10-22

Sulzer may get better job than
the governor Of New York.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1913-10-22

+ 4 = 4 4 4 4 kkk ~ ~
x If you have a room to rent or 4
: want to rent one-you get the x
= best choice through a Pioneer X
< want ad. Phone 81. X
* X 4 X X X \ X <<<<<k<<<