davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-04-08
"SWAT THE FLY"

Read what Mr.. Hurry Of the 1ndi-
ana state board of health says about
the increase Of flies.
JOURNAL OF A FEMALE HOUSE
FLY. Re
Thursday, Nov. 2. 1s11-went Into
winter quarters. Barely lived through
the long, hard winter. s..
April 20. 1912-Came out Of winter
quarters and laid my first BATE, of
eggs-12o In number--in = manure
heap. ,r.~- 49, ~a. "a .r. In f
April u. 1s12-My nrst 100 eggs
have Matched. 49,. -@
April %, 1e12-Larvae have under
&c ne first 1..olt. "t&a
April -, le12-Larvas have under
gone second mott. ... .::-s...
April 20. 1s12-Larvae transformed
into pupae. ILL.,.
May /, 1s12-onc hundred and
twenty full grown flies. sixty Of which
are females. s,.s.> =.
May 3. 1s12-1aid my second batch
-120 eggs. h
May 1s, 1s12-one hundred and
twenty nies came from my second
batch Of eggs. Laid my third batch
In a kind neighbours garbage can.
May 20. 1912-The city has offered
a price to the school child who will
kill the largest number of flies. The
boy at the house where live IL killing
flies right and left. And to think-we
have all been eating at the same table
with him.
May Fl, 1s12-Laid my fourth
batch Of eggs. Left alone and un-
hindered, by Sept. 10. 1912. my de-
scendants will number s.598.72o.000.-
nnn - .
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-04-08

Every farmer should build a small
shed or compartment of some kind
in which to stand the cows at milking
time. The nearer the barn the better,
It should be- we'll ventilated In the
Summer and made warm during the
Winter months by setting UP fodder
around It or lining It with building
paper or roofing material.
The shed may be any size desired.
but ample room for one cow Is all
that Is necessary. Have nails ar
ranged on the wall for hanging milk
pals In places Of safety while tho
COWS are being led to and from the
shed. ..- ,...t
II there are any sore teats. caked
the milk shed offers . safe place in
which to do It quickly and any trout
BILE with the animals In hand will
cause no disturbance among the other
members Of tho herd. Spraying solu-
ton II also easier applied In the shed
than anywhere else. ,..
Where one feeds the cows at milk
Ing time tho milk shed removes the
difficulty Of feeding the cow that 10
being MIXED In sight Of the other
animals. Some COWS will fret and
worry away 4 large portion of their
milk II another COW is being fed in
sight or hearing Of them. Then. feed
Ing the cow in the milk shed makes It
unnecessary to use 80 many feed
troughs.
BY keeping Il we'll cleaned out and
properly drained the milk shed IL al
ways ready to lead the cow into and
milk under agreeable and sanitary
conditions. II it be in the Summer
time the shed may be darkened and
the pesky flies thus gotten rid OF.
which means q lot Of solid comfort to
both the COW and the mixer as we'll
as a greater amount Of milk. With
proper ventilation such shed Is also
much cooler than the sweltering
dairy barn where the animals
breath combined with the heat OF
their bodies contribute literally to-
ward the maintenance Of high tenn
A. Coverdel. .-..
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-04-08

incision, cut the stock entirely across
at long angle. At about .one-third
the distance from the upper end Of tho
cut make an :ncision parallel with tbs
grain. Cut the scion at as nearly the
same angle as possible and make q
similar incision In the cut surface one
third the distance from tho upper end
OF the cut. Push the cut surfaces to-
gethcr in such way that the tongue
Of the scion made by the incision will
be crowded into the groove made by
the incision In the stock. Bind tho
with earth. When grated oy the
whip-graft method the young trees
will require little subsequent attention
other than pruning and ordinary
cultivation.
TO make eating wax mix together
th roughly four parts (by weight)
resin, two parts beeswax. and one part
tallow. A harder wax for use in
warm weather is made of the follow
ing. Resin. four pounds; beeswax.
one pound: raw linseed oil. one-half
to one pint .s-'
To prepare either formula melt the
ingredients together pour into water.
and pull. Rub the hands with oil or
grease before using to prevent stick
Ing. BY using the second formula the
proportion of oil will depend upon
the season. a greater quantity being
necessary in cooler weather.
For grating cloth tear thin calico
or cheap muslin into strips IL to 10
inches wide, after which 1t Is sat =
rated In melted wax, drained, and
allowed to cool. When thoroughly
remove from It. while still
warm the excess Of hot wax.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-04-08
A COLLIE ON THE FARM

There Is nothing more companion
able when rambling through the
woods or w,.lking in the country ttan
1 fins dog. On the farm dog-a
rood one----is as essential as other live
stock.
There IL no animal more intelligent
or sagacious than a collie. and no dog
10 more suita Bile for the farmer. Col
lies are very beautiful. graceful in
every movement and are active all the
time. Their heavy coat adds to their
beauty. and enables them to Withstand
all kinds Of exposure. A collie 10
easily taught. and soon learns to do
useful duties about the place without
bidding. They think and act for
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-04-08

National bird reservations have
been est ,blished during the last ten
years for the purpose OF affordins
protection to important breeding COL
onies of water birds or to furnish
refugees for migratory species on their
northern and southern flights or dur
ing winter. r.
Among the small reservations may
DO mentioned Green Bay. Wis., two
acres in extent: Pelican Island. Tla..
more than Ave acres: Stump Lake.
moro than twenty-seven acres. The
Niobrara Reservation, Neb.. II Z large
reservation, including almost 10000
a res. klamath Lake and Malheur
Lake Reservations In Oregon each
comprise extensive strips OF marsh
lands: tho Yukon Delta Reserva-
ton In Alaska includes the swampy
lands between the Yukon and Kus-
kokwine Rivers; and the Hawaiian
Islands Reservation includes tho is
lands In the mid.Pacihc extending
over Ave degrees Of longitude. The
birds on these reservations are pro-
tected by q special act OF Congress.
and by state laws ...
The bird reservations are grouped
in six districts, as follows: (1) The
Gulf district. including ZEN reserva-
tions In Florida. four in Louisiana. and
ono in Porto Rico: (2) the Lake dis
Il ct, including two r. Michigan. two
In North Dakota. and one In Wiscon-
sin; go the Mountain district, includ-
Ing twelve In the Rocky Mountain
States, South Dakota. and Nebraska:
az the Pacific district. Including three
in California. four in Oregon. and
eisht in Washington; (5) the Alaska
district, including eight reservations:
and (s) the Hawaiian district. includ-
ing one reservation. Wardens are sta
toned on the more important reserva-
lions and the National Association OF
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-04-08
BY O. A. REED.

when in position. Insert the wedge
END Of the scion in the cleft Of the
stock 50 that the inner bark Of Its
thick side Ill be in close contact with
the inner bark OF the sto *. The scion
should be pushed into the cleft until
the cut surface Of the stock is On a
level with the base CT the first bud.
1t will do no harm 4 it goes slightly
deeper. E
The operation of whip grating Is
usually performed during the latter
part Of the dormant season, at any
point In the trunk from Immediately
below the surface to several inches
underground. For this method OF
p opagation the stock and the scion
should be Of very nearly the same
size. preferably not more than three.
fourths of an inch in diameter nor
smaller than a lead pencil, With the
knife held 30 a. to make an upward
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-04-08
GRATING Nut Trees
\


In its notifications cleft grating
has reen longer employed than many
other methods Of propagation.
It 10 performed during the late win
ter months Just as the buds begin to
SWELL or very early in tho growing
period. At that time the upward
flow Of sap is most rapid and the
union will be accomplished most
quickly. sciops for any kind Of graft
!rg should be- selected from t',e
growth Of the last season. Terminal
twigs were formerly used almost OK
clusively and are still preferred by
some propagators. But, as the bud
at the .nd Of the branch rarely pro-
duces strong shoot, ordinarily dry
T. Z up and falling off instead, termi-
nal twigs are no longer used to
large extent. #
Obviously. two scions placed in ono
cleft double the chance Of success.
With an ordinary wrapping Of waxed
cloth further attention to the graft
itself will not be needed. If wound
with tout material tho bandages
should be severed as soon as growth
has begun, when the weaker Of the
two scions should be cut away. II
both scions are allowed to remain. the
formation Of fork between the two
will be Inevitable and splitting very
apt to follow. A single scion affords
a much better opportunity for the
development Of symmetrical head
md there is less danger Of crowding
than when two scions are left. =.
Prepare the scion by sharpening its
lower end with the grating knife
into the form Of a wedge made thicker
on the side which will be outermost
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-04-08
HARD NUTS TO CRACK

A country school teacher, Miss
Susan Jones. thinks country teachers
ought to learn a great many things
about the farm that they do not know
b.. .ors they try to teach farm boys
and girls We quite agree with Susan
when she says they ought to be able
to identify the common trees. plants.
weeds, birds. insects and other, ami
mails; to know the habits of each.
those that are injurious and the means
to destroy them; those that are ben
eht md how to protect them.
Miss Jones asks what per cent Of
the country teachers can make
thorough study Of tho soil In their
respective districts: tell which OF tho
ten elements are abundant In the soil
and which are lacking, and how to
increase those that are deficient?
How many can select and Judge
seed corn. test its vitality; name the
different breeds Of cattle seen. tell
which are best for tho dairy and
which for the beef herd?
How many know the value Of the
Babcock test and scales to tho dairy
man and can make milk test? II
tho farmer does not know the teacher
Should be able to show him whether
or not he n chained to the prontless
cew. .....r.
The teacher should be able to OK
plain a balanced ration for the dairy
cows. stock cattle, horses. hogs and
sheep and know the weights Of dr.
ferent kinds Of feed to secure the
right proportion Of protein and car
bohydrates for the best results.
Miss Jones says any bright teacher
who is willing to work can learn
these things by studying ths course
recommended by the State Agricul-
tural Colleges, even II they cannot
attend the regular courses But will
they? And II they do not. will
teachers who do learn these things
take their places? We think SO.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-04-08

Nv Mn. A. ]. wilder.

q Alfalfa has come into great favor a.
a food for poultry, Doth for the laying
hens and a. food for young chicks
O. growing stock. The protein In
alfalfa ID about the came as wheat
bran and Is bone and muscle or lean
meat grows.
Green alfalfa and a mixture OF
finely cracked grains. mostly corn. to
balance the elements II. the alfalfa
with skimmilk and nne grit and shells
IL a good ration for the young chicks.
1t II a fine ration for the laying hens
also. except that the grains need not
be cracked. ~
field the hens will eat less grain.
Care must be taken not to let them
pasture on field Of alfalfa too long
an they will kill out the alfalfa by
eating out the crown Of the plant. and
IL this crown IL destroyed the plant ID
killed.
Alfalfa hay can be cut into one
fourth inch lengths steamed and fed
in a mash. 1t Is nearly as good fed
in this way as the green alfalfa and
will answer for green food in the
winter. ~ +"
Tho process Of steaming Is as fol-
lows: Cut the alfalfa in one-fourt.,
inch lengths and put In a tub or
over 1t as it will absorb, cover closely
and let 1t stand for thirty minutes y
fore feeding. This is q good addition
to the mash and when used only q
little bran will be necessary in the
m ash. Alfalfa can also be fed alone
and without steaming.
Green alfalfa has q good effect on
the general health Of tho fowls, and
another good reason for raising It Is
the great amount Of food It will fur
nish per acre. Rich soils will furnish
four crops In one year with \ total
Yield Of six to eight tons to the acre.
This will Furnish considerable feed
FOR the poultry and will save the sx-
p9nse Of buying hren, which nearly
every farmer has to do. ~.
II we can raise alfalfa :, take the
place Of ',ran we can raise all the
poultry feed we need. nd. this every
farmer should try to accomplish as
saving Of expense. Ono Is inclined to
think that It II just a. we'll to sell
something from the farm and buy to
complete food ration. but we re-
member. when we buy We pay several
extra profits between the man who
raised It and ourselves.
The best way IL to raise everything
that 10 fed out on the farm, and by
raising alfalfa to take the place of
bran and raising corn, oats and wheat
We hayt~a perfect food ration for. tho
poultry or any other kind Of stock,
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-04-08
A HOUSEHOLD ECONOMY.

Now y q good time TO study tho
matter of buying I small homo can
ming outfit for saving the surplus
vegetables FOR next winters use. There
are some good makes on the market.
costing from q few dollars up. They
will save many crops for winter use
at comparatively small cost. A gard-
sner told me the other day that he
canned peas, beans, corn. ETC.. in
quantity for use during the winter
and 30 far had experienced no loss.
He used canning OUTFIT costing about
twelve dollars and put the material in
glass jars.-LeRoy Cady
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-04-08

A r0ukA.coA4ed Scotch collie, win.
ner OF over 900 first and special prizes,
owned by Dr. o. r. Bennett ~,
themselves IN IN emergency, making
most excellent watch Eogs, and always
show loyalty and love for their
master. -cr - ,lGt a
II you have never taken q fancy to
dog Just got q good Intelligent collie
ana you will In q shor: time think
nearly ~ much Of him a. any mem-
Der OF tho family. They make hne
companions for women ana children.
They are very afeectionate and their
affections are strong AID lasting.
The rough coated Scotch collie is
one OF the Oldest breed Of dogs. Its
history extends way back into ancient
times when dogs Of this breed we're
used by the shepherds to care for
their f1ooks. II IN today used for this
same purpose not only In tho West
among tho mountains and tho plains.
but In England and Scotland. a. we'll
a. In every othoS country under the
sun. whsrs they have made them
selves indispensable. They are not
only very useful around sheep. but
can easily be taught to drive cattle
and to keep . general watch over
them. az we'll a. Of hogs and Of the
poultry Many collie has learned to
keep fowls out Of tho garden and away
from tho front Of the house without
ever doing any damage to them.
The price OF coli1es. as With fowls
depends greatly upon the quality and
what they are wanted for. Some Of
our highest show types OF collies are
the most Intelligent and useful around
this farm. Good puppies sell to the
farmers at from $500 to $1,000 each.
The fancier who desires to raise collie
puppies pays from SO to $3.50 for
puppies not over two to four weeks
old ,..~s- .. r.
One collie was brought to this
country from England several years
ago for 100000. and one came last
year at the reported price Of 3S.500.00.
Every year several change hands at
100000 each. and many a. $4,000
Mp. j.-. w. r'-.
Collies can be trained easily and
quickly. to do many useful things,
but there IS one thing that, should be
borne in mind, and that is--the train
ing should be done by only one person.
Do not let every membe: Of the fam
lily take a hand In the training or the
result will be a spoiled dog. Wh..l
well trained, no farmer will ever
resret having spent q little time and
n oney on q collie.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-04-08
TREATING SHEEP SCAB

Dipping in . reliable dip d the
proper treatment for sheep ahhietsS
with sheep scab.
Use q dip made Of time d SUI
phur, tobacco and sulphur. or one u
the coal tar dips. 800 -
Remove all sediment from ths lime
and sulphur dip. - II Injuries the wool.
Tobacco dips should nsvsS ~
boiled.
For s-ssneral dip tobacco oS essl
tar preparation 10 70 10 prsfsrSsd %
lime and sulphur, 10 = lime ana sui
phur dip has little effect In dseeSsy.
ing the sheep tick or louise
A fresh solution should be assd Tor
the second dipping. This y absolutely
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-04-08
PROTECTING OUR BIRDS

The Pacific district. Including 0osh
coast and island groups. shsitsss srsAs
rookeries Of sea birds - we'll - sno5s
varieties. On SONS Of the islands In
this district ths peculiar rhinocsros
auklet tests in eonside.abls numbefA
Fetrels; gulls, cormorants. guile.
mots. pufsins. rhinocsres auklste and
other birds, ere found In enormous
colonies in the Alasks rsssrva1onA
Birds Of peculiar Interest and rare
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-04-08

essential II the limo and sulphur o.
the tobace- and sulphur are - b
used.
Mix the dip we'll IN the vat.
It Is better to use warm watsY tha1
ccld water In dipping sheep. - warm
water cuts the grease and allows the
dip to get to all parts Of the akin u
the animal.
The correct temperature for I dip
is from 100 to 1o5 degrees Fahrenheit
Sheep can be dipped in the winter
II warm days are selected tor nat
purpose.
II the sheep are badly afllicesd with
scab, the thick scabs should b Soft.
ened previous to the dipping Of the
sheep by pouring some Of tho dip on
these places and rubbing them with
some smooth instrument. Or the scabs
can be softened while the sheep are
being dipped, by rubbing the thick
scabs with a brush. Care should be
taken, however. not g draw blood
as on coagulation It Will protsct The
mite from the dip.
Lambs do not need % b dipped Tor
50 long q time a. older shssp, - thor
wool is short. They arr Aiso naSfv
OellC6I0 IN COHDIItutlOus uOxSO Ooo NV
stand the dipping ~ well - OLDER
sheep.
Alwa-s water shesp before dipping.
otherwise they may drink the dtD
which 10 sometimes found In little
puddles IN the dripping penaa ss1a
Each sheep should BE- held m the
dip from two to three nsiliutsG, and
the head quickly irhmsrssd once 81
twice Just before the sAssp leaves the
vat.
A sheep in moderats length os .wod
and allowed to drip thoroughly aftss
being dipped will carry away from
two to three quarts sf the Dip. 4
81 eep after being shoin YIN carry
away about .qusrt OF the dl1.
The question should not -. aew
many sheep can b DIPPED O. DAY
but how welI can they bs 0spps0.
II scabby shssp afso talsen dissse
from pasture and !. dipysd thsy
should not be returned to tha& place
for / period OF thirty daIb Heavy
rains are said. however. U Aas'nIees
open fleids. II the sheep haNs e1sn
housed in buildings' PRIOR = ~ dtp'
ping. these buildings should, - dO.
infecte- bsfors the sheep afs rsesses
to them. r
purchase no proprietary dips q.
cent those having the approval OF
your state agricultural department.
Use ali proprietary dips sxAosv -.
cording to directions
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-04-08
BY r. S. PALMER.

Audubon Societies, which has always
taken an active part in securing the
erta blishment Of these reserves. CO.
operates actively with tho government
in protecting the birds.
Nam. rare birds important for their
plumage as well as other character
istics are being protected on these
reservations. In the Gulf district
brown pelicans, .1erons Of various
kinds. ducks, terms. laughing gulls,
and many others find refuge. ~
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-04-08

thusiaA''c cement man and Is using
the material on his railroads to
large extent. He said eventually con-
crete would replace the old-fashioned
wooden tie and that when his present
plans are contaminated the Great
Northern will have concrete ties from
Minneapolis to Seattle. *
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-04-08

q perennial belonging to the nettle
family. =, Several kinds Of ramie goods
are appearing In increasing quantities
in our markets. Some mills are now
engaged In the manufacture Of these
goods in the United States, and others
are being equipped for the work.
Ramie is cultivated commercially in
China. in Japan. including Formosa.
in Korea. and to = limited extent in
India and Africa, A warm. moist
climate is essential for tho successful
cultivation Of this plant. Cold checks
It and severe drouth kills It. It Is
cultivated in warm temperate climates
rather than in the Tropics. Unless
grown under irrigation or on moist
bottom lands along lvers It requires
at least 20 inches Of we'll distributed
rainfall. Its roots are injured where
the ground freezes moro than three
inches. There should be a period Of
at least flve months FREQ from frosts.
In the Tropics It grows throughout
the year unless checked by drought.
but its productiveneS, Is not thereby
very much increased.
Ramie requires a rich. deep, moist
soil, we'll drained. yet not subject to
drought. A dark. rich. sandy loan
is best. Rich bottom lands free from
overflow are suitable for It. The plant
will not grow in -undrained swamps
o.. on stiff clays. and it's cultivation 10
not profitable on light, sandy soils
unless heavily fertilized., Experiments
conducted by private individuals as
we'll as under state and government
authority. have demonstrated tina. IT
can be grown from Maryland to
Texas: also in California and Por.o
Rico.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-04-08

Ramie fiber 10 used In this country
principally in millinery goods. knit
underwear, dress goods, for mixing
with silk, and for shc@ thread. It II
suitable for dress goods. pushes. MP
holstsry materials. portieres, table
aapery. incaudsscsnt 6as 'nantles. and
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-04-08

In the Lake district there are white
pelicans. herring and ring billed gulls
white winged scoters and many other
ducks.
The Mountain district not only gives
valuable refuge to waterfowl and
shorebirds during the spring and
autumn migrations. but It lie an ex-
tensive breeding ground for grouse
and prairie chickens
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-04-08
The RAmIE INDUSTRY
BY l.. III. DEWEY.

Ramie has been an important hber-
producing plant In China for many
centur1'1. Experiments in the cult
walton Of ramie have been carried on
in this country for many years. AL
though none Of them thus far have
led to q commercial industry Of any
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-04-08

DON. kick the COW or thrash her
with the milking stool when she seems
croSs,- Cows are very sensitive crea-
turesN and such treatment only makes
them worse. Besides being cruel 1t
interfsrns with the flow OF milk
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-04-08

Tulsa, Oklahoma. will be the center
Of the agricultural world during thu
fall Of 1913. The International Dry
Farming Congress, which Is a very i'm
portant back-to-the farm movement.
will hold its eighth annual session In
that city In October. r.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-04-08

species make their home IL the Ha-
weiian Reservation. Esrs also .
found a very rare seal not known sIss-
where.
Besides the birds on these rsssSva.
tons occur other forms Of wild life.
Manatees and porpoises md complete
protection IN the Gulf district, ana n
the Alaska refugees there live great
numbers Of sea lions.