davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1913-02-13
A Small Leak Will
Sink a Great Ship

q You may spend you go, paying no attention
10 the OPPORTUNITIES to save which are advertised
by progressive merchants, but you will find sooner
or later that little expenses count up to large sums.
q loose ereand there buyer quickly squan
der all her money by forgetting the value of the lit
tie purchases.
q Care in eXpending the small amounts will quickly
repay the economical housewife.
Every night in its advertising columns THE
NEWS points the way to many opportunities for
stopping the small leaks Special sales are adver
tsed by the merchants. In small things, such as
SOAPS ribbons, and notions, there may be Just one
penny off the regular price. But when You add them
all together You will find that the pennies number
a dollar or two
C Read all the advertisements in THE NEWS close
" and constantly every night for opportunity to
save not only pennies but dollars
Copyright by J. p. Faonl
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1913-02-13

1t was made known in New York
the other day that the new play in
which Mabel and Edith Talaferro are
to appear will be produced early in
May instead of next fall, as originally
planned Joseph Brooks has the man
agement of these actresses. and for
their medium has acquired the rights
of play by Cleveland Moffett. yet
to be named
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1913-02-13

heart story soused with tears
was told the other day in a Chicago
court by Mrs. Helen Buscher. over
twenty years ago she adopted a BABY
boy. nursed him, gave him a good ed
ucation, got him "a good position ana
then married him. Bridegroom, II
Years; bride 40 years Result neglect,
desertion, loneliness.
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1913-02-13
Bay Rum After Shave,

Bay rum As Il. ounces, glycerin Il
ounces, extract of violet p fl. ounce.
fosewater. enough to make g. H..
ounces. Mix and filter if necessary. \
splendid lotion also for chapped hands
and the face, and excellent for use
after m, hatb
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1913-02-13
White Cream for Patent Leather.

Beeswax > ounces, CASTLE soap ,
ounces, turpentine ounces, water :
ounces The soap and wax are to be
allowed to stand for "a hours, after
which the water (boiling) is added,
and the whole thoroughly mixed. This
is good furniture cream as well as
q boot cream.
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1913-02-13
Sweeping Compound.

Dry sawdust 10 pounds, parafin oil
80 ounces. paraffin wax ounces,
coarse salt " pound, eucalyptus oil
of creolin 2 ounces, sea sand pounds.
The sawdust is died with bismark
brown II II is desired To darken the
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1913-02-13
Window polishing Paste.

CASTLE soap : ounces, boiling water
ounces, dissolve and add the fol-
lowing i'm fine powder Precipitatcd
chalk I ounces. French chalk ouna-
cs, tripoli ounces. Mix and reduce
with water To the consistency desired.
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1913-02-13

What's this? A dog race cruel? Ar
rant nonsense The dogs enjoy a romp
and a run just as much as their youth
fuI masters. Turn out 10 the dog derby
Saturday afternoon with Dan Cusick
and enjoy the fun,
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1913-02-13
Miuhtler Than Armies.

Ideas go booming through the world
louder than cannon. Thoughts are
mightier than armies. Principles
have achieved more victories than
horsemen or chariots.
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1913-02-13
London Has Immense Chandelier

The chandelier in the Alhambra
music hall in London is said to DO
one of the largest in the world, hay-
ing sixty electric lamps of 500-candle
power each.
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1913-02-13

The editor of the Gazette has re-
cciyed a few packages Of seeds from
Ccngressman Young and he doesn't
want EN- because he considers it a
petty form OF craft So it is. Anyway
editors haven't any time to plant gar
dens.
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1913-02-13

American exports to Turkey go mp
about tcn-fold every. ten years. They
rose from $4,000 i'm 1891 to 100000
in 1901, and then to $5,OOO.000 i'm 1911.
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1913-02-13
DOMESTIC FORMULAS.
From Pharmaceutical Era.
= :. :. :. :. :. :. :. :. :. :. :. :. :. :.
Wrinkle Cream.

White wax av. ounces, spermace-
Il 2la av. ounces. hydrous wool fat :
aV. ounces, sweet almond oil 16 II.
ounces, rose water II II. ounces. pow
dered boraX 80 grains.
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1913-02-13

Or. Wiley does not appear in any of
the paper mache cabinets. The baby
keeps him at home.
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1913-02-13

The annual rain and snowfall Of the
United States is estimated To weigh
six trillion tons
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1913-02-13

The combined area of the corn
fields of the United States is nearly
equal TO the area of France or Ger
many.
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1913-02-13
THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 10, 1918.

Al any rate it is quicker 70 violate
the Constitution than it is TO amend it.
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1913-02-13

Three -fourths of the wealthy homes
OF st. Louis have children.
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1913-02-13

compound, but it is better free from
dive.
The Ellensburg dawn. [volume] (Ellensburg, Wash.) 1898-1914, 1913-01-23

mcnt will have in the future contests
is causing considerable concern in Dem
ocratic ranks. 1t seems evident that
the purpose of Mr.. Wilson is to so
shape his policy that he will capture
the support of a number of the pro
gressives and thereby increase the
Democratic hold on the Senate. The
states of Maine. New Hampshire, Hi
nos and South Dakota. where the pro
gressivcs hold the balance of power,
are the subjects of much consideration,
the hope being to capture from these
states additional Democratic senators.
The probable outcome in Tennessee is
in favor of the Democrats. Here ex-
Governor Patterson, Democrat, re-
ceived the primary support, but fight
against him has been precipitated re-
Gently which may result in his being
defeated
On January : an important confer
cnce was held at Trenton in which the
senatorial situation was discussed and
also the proposed special session at
which the tariff and a new currency
system will be considered. Democratic
leaders realize that they have an op-
portunity to bring about radical
changes in government policies. With
the lower house in complete control
and senate control a possibility, it
should not be difficult for the party to
fulfill its pledges. President elect Will
son is more than anxious to make good
and his pre-inauguration conferences
are being held with the view to making
more secure the hold the Democrats
now have on the situation. While the
results of this conference have not been
made public it is said to have been
one of great Importance to the party.
Many more will be held between now
and the inauguration ceremonies.
The selection of the best timber for
cabinet positions is another of the i'm
portant matters that are discussed in
these frequent conferences. 1t is the
desire of the presdent-eect to secure
for his associates the very best men the
nation affords. While he refuses to
make any announcement it is generally
felt that Mr.. Bryan will be secretary
of state. Other positions are very much
in the dark.
The interest of the West is centered
in the selection of a secretary of the
interior. The past few years have en-
gendered much dissatisfaction in the
The Ellensburg dawn. [volume] (Ellensburg, Wash.) 1898-1914, 1913-01-23

ment in conditions in the states where
it still exists, but the days of the sys-
tenn in those states are numbered.
Governor Donaghey, of Arkansas, has
taken the matter into his own hands
and declares he will force the issue.
He is determined that the system of
leasing convicts to private parties shall
cease in his state. With his character
istic fearlessness. he last month par
doned and freed $50 convicts as a pro
test against the system, with the re-
suit that, three convict camps were
wiped out of existence. Immediately
opponents of the governor and support
ers of the system set up howl against
the wholesale pardoning, denouncing
the act as a gross abuse of power and
blow at the judges and iuries. This
criticism may be just, but the act of
the chief executive will doubtless be
justified by results. Governor Donag-
hey says his drastic action is in the
nature of a last resort. He recounts
his fight against the practice, both
in his speeches and as a member of the
penitentiary board. His messages to
the legislatures have brought no action
and he says he was driven to the ex-
IRENE in order to bring about an aboli-
ton of the system that no civilized
country ought to tolerate. While the
step was indeed drastic one, it will
nevertheless have the support of hui
name and law-respectng people of his
state.
Tennessee and South Carolina still
cling to the system. Yet in these states
sentiment is already working on the
legislative and executive branches of
the government to bring about its abo-
liton. Governor Blease. of South Car
DINA. who has pardoned 500 convicts
in the past two years. declares that
unless the present assembly abolishes
hosiery mill in the penitentiary that
has been condemned by the board OF
health, repetition of the Arkansas
ease may be looked for in South Caro-
lima. Newspapers within the state of
Arkansas are divided in their opinion
of the governors course, but the ma
.ority of the outside papers seem to
feel that results will be for the best.
1t is significant fact that the sup
porters of the convict-leasing system
are, for the most part, persons who
have a pecuniary interest in it.
A problem that is closely interlocked
The Ellensburg dawn. [volume] (Ellensburg, Wash.) 1898-1914, 1913-01-23

Not all the barbaric customs of the
country have been abolished. In three
OF the Southern states there still ex-
lists an abuse that stands in need of
stringent anti-legislation. This is the
practice of leasing convicts to private
corporations 1t so much per head. The
story OF the system makes one of the
black pages of our national history, all
the sordid facts of which have never
been made public. The chain gang
OF former days was duplicated and the
cruelties and inhumanities perpetrated
on defenseless convicts of both sexes,
and even children, furnished some of
tne most revolving recitations magma
aole. Devices were employed to keep
tne prisoner a convict. When his time
was out, new and false charge would
De pressed against him and he would
ne resentenced. Thus the INSCRIPTIONS
employer of convict labor retained the
services of his most profitable work
ers. The lash was frequently employed,
Illness and wounds were not regarded
as surflclent excuse for rest, scant
clothing upon women and children ex-
posed their bodies to the ribaldry of
iewd men and the moral welfare of the
cohvicts received little or no attention
Nhildren were beaten to death, women
were ravished, stubborn men were sub
'Jected to third degree methods of tor
fttMA Ia
lure that would shame the inquisition,
"hlle the contractor got rich and the
state received its pittance from the out
RACES.
With the advance of education and
the publicity given the system in the
papers, conditions attending it i'm
proved. Today the evils are considera-
bly less, in some cases being reduced
10 minimum. Yet the fight against
IL is on and the days of its existence
are numbered. Georgia abolished it in
i'os, after an investigation that re-
Nealed atrocities undreamed of. It is
ae'ateo that negro convict who re-
FUSED TO work was wrapped in blankets
an" placed in box close to a red-hot
s'oVe' He was literally sweated to
aeath, his tormentors having exceeded
'he limit in trying to bring him into
SUBMISSION. Numerous instances are
toid OF sick convicts being beaten to
death, and these in cases where the
period OF punishment was but a few
weeks and the offense almost nothing.
i"'s investigation caused an improve
The Ellensburg dawn. [volume] (Ellensburg, Wash.) 1898-1914, 1913-01-23
Convict Leasing Given Hard Jolt President Elect Busy Man

coast states because of the conserva
ton policy of the interior department.
Millions of acres of timber lands have
been withdrawn from entry and placed
in government reserves. The supply of
lumber in the East is rapidly being de-
pleted and the country must look to
the forests of the West for its building
material Eastern men who have seen
the misuse of their forests and have
followed the effects of deforestation,
cry aloud for a retention of the bulk
of the remaining timber against fu-
ture needs. Not understanding fully
the conditions of the West, they are
supporting a policy that is, in effect,
mere stagnation than conservation.
while the West demands development.
and that immediately.
Because of tkis wide divergence of
opinion on a vital subj.ct, pressure is
being brought to bear On Mr.. Wilson
interior department man who will
larry out the present policy, which
leans the Withholding from settlement
of millions of acres in the Northwest
Equally urgent, but with less force be-
cause unsupported by the wealth that
backs the Eastern demand, the West
is clamoring for the appointment of a
Western man who will adopt a policy
more in accordance with the desires of
the West for development
The fear of the East is that a man
from the public land states of the West
will be too susceptible to local influ-
ences of the West. The fear of the
West is that a man from the East will
have no sympathy at all with condi-
tions of the West, for the reason that
he will carry out the policies of the
office from a purely theoretical stand
point. A man selected from one of the
public lands states would not neces-
sarily be possessed of less theoretical
knowledge than the Fastener, but he
would have practical knowledge of
conditions prevailing in his states that
would supplement his theories and
greatly enhance his value to the coun-
try at large. The Western states should
have a greater population than they
now have. They can only get it by a
policy affecting public lands that will
induce the settler to seek home in
this section. That is why the West is
so deeply interested in the selection of
che next secretary of the interior.
The Ellensburg dawn. [volume] (Ellensburg, Wash.) 1898-1914, 1913-01-23
Castro Man Without Country


department is chiefly interested in
keeping Castro out of the country for
fear he will use it as a base from which
to foment another revolution in Ven
ezuela. The department of commerce
and labor sees it otherwise. and it is
likely the matter will be referred even
tuallv to the supreme court for settle
mcnt.
Poor Castro The most undesired
man on the face of the earth. Sans
friends, sans influence, sans country.
he stands before the world very much
in the same light as did Philip Nolan,
the soldier who said at his trial he
wished never again to see or hear of
his native land. Nolan spent the bal
ancc of his life thereafter on the sea
and never saw or heard the mention of
the United States again. The sentence
mcted ont to him was the one he had
asked. No book or newspaper hearing
the name of America ever reached his
hands without first being carefully
scrutinized and those parts bearing on
his country clipped ont No photo
graph ever brought before his longing
ewes the picture of his home. His
friends were dead to him. Transferred
from vessel to vessel. he cOursed the
seas with never a sight of American
shores until a kind Providence relieved
him of his broken heart.
Yet the eases are different. Nolan y
sentence came as the result of hasty
remark made in a moment of impa-
thence. lie had the sympathy of his
guards and much sentiment in this
country went out to him during his
Imprisonment on board ship. Castro IS
predicamcnt, however, is the result of
"A career of deliberate chicanery. He
has made himself a joke among the ma
tions. laughing stock for the whole
world. lie has done nothing to excite
sympathy and occupies the position of
an international felon whose presence
anywhere is a menace to the public
welfare. He is an international sur
plus whom the nations cannot decide
where to place. There seems no shelf
to put him on. He is an International
nuisance. regarding the abating OF
which there seems no understanding.
This seems to he the final decision of
his identity.
The Ellensburg dawn. [volume] (Ellensburg, Wash.) 1898-1914, 1913-01-23
PART TWO

c;r,;ano Castro. self styled "Na-
noleou of the Andes" defender OF the
faith. liberator of his country, inter
national scapegoat and all-around pub
IL nuisance. is once more before the
n,h,;c eve. A man without country,
;ostled from pillar to post, ousted from
one city and hustled unceremoniously
IN the next. the millionaire ex-president
If Venezuela is now at the door of the
United States seeking admission. He
arrived several days ago from France
and attempted to gain admittance at
the New York harbor. But his plans
were frustrated by the immigration Of
ficials and he was sent back to Ellis
Island to await the decision of the
government in his case. His attorneys
are putting up strong fight, but the
government is obdurate.
The story of Castro's life reads like
the tale of the buccaneers of old. His
career as the "liberator of his people,
began on the borderland of Venezuela
and Colombia. Here the great states
man, whose education was nil, followed
the cattlerustlng business to such a
degree of success that his herds num-
bered stock of every conceivable va
riety of brand. Vigilant to the utmost
degree, he so timed his pasturage that.
when the Colombian assessors appeared
in his vicinity, he was comfortably
feeding his focks in Venezuelan ter
ritory. So, too, when the Venezuelan
tax commission sought him out, the
fields of Colombia were found greener.
the grass longer and the water purer.
But this condition of affairs was due
for change. On one particularly
bright and suspicious morning, apprais
ers from both countries appeared 81
multaneously on the scene and the in.
dustrious cattleman was put to his
craftiest resources to dodge the conse.
quences. He failed to make his bluff
count and the herd was discovered. It
was found to contain cattle with brands
of such varied description that the en-
tire herd was taken and confiscated to
the governments.
Now, to a man of Castro's tempera-
ment, this action on the part of the au,
thorities was intolerable. His liberty
had been imposed upon, his wealth had
been ruthlessly stolen, his means of
The Ellensburg dawn. [volume] (Ellensburg, Wash.) 1898-1914, 1913-01-23

command. Apparently recovered from
his malady. he left the continent for
Mart Unique. there to lay plans for a
new revolution. But the powers were
now thoroughly awakened. Great Bri-
tain came in for a sound denunciatiOn
at the hands of the bclligerent Castro
because she refused to allow the tyrant
Gle Sam kept IA weather eye out for an
attempt to sneak across to American
territory. thus to gain foothOld for
an invasion of Central America. France
watchful of her interests. decided that
the now thoroughly Infatuated imposter
would he better off in France than in
the vicinity of Venezuela. and sent n
ship to convey him home. When he
was apprised of this intention he fumed
and swore and fused until he worked
himself into return of his malady
and had to be borne on "A stretcher
between two rows of iccring spectators
not in state, but with only corporal 5
guard, to the waiting ship in the har.
Dor.
Such is the story of the checkered
career of Cipriano Castro. Regarded
among the powers as the one supreme
international joke the great hrainless
statesman. the great circus curio of tn,
age. His mock popularity, however
drew about him ii following that gave
him the prominence he most desired
abroad. When he landed in France
a curious mob met him Mt the pier anc
followed him to his elaborate state
rooms at the hotel. Newspaper mer
settled themselves in suites adjoining
him and catered to his desires for pub
LEFTY by taking photographs an(
spreading abroad his recitations of thu
deeds of Venezuela s great, though
wrongcd, libcrator His wealth wa
somewhat of an enigma. some declar
ing that he had deposited $2O.0OO,OO
in foreign banks. while others main
tanned that he was poor and homes
statesman. who, by frugal means an'
strctcst economy. had been able t.
save only couple of millions.
Cipriano Castro is at America 5 door
The ease now before the federal an
thorites bids fair to be one of tn
most interesting in the life-history o
this undesirable quantity The stat
The Ellensburg dawn. [volume] (Ellensburg, Wash.) 1898-1914, 1913-01-23

with the convict problem in the South
is that of the negro. The fact that
most of the convicts are negroes is
probably responsible in measure for
the support that has been accorded the
leasing system. Also the prevalence
of negroes among convicts has made
easier the perpetuation of the prison
sentence. the negro being more easily
imposed upon.
The convict leasing system was the
outgrowth of conditions resulting from
the Civil War. Without sufficient
number of iails, with treasures de-
pleted. and the vagrant negro thrown
upon the South without the means or
the disposition to support himself, the
states of the South found themselves
totally unable to handle the crime prob
lem. Designing contractors, encour-
aged and assisted by equally designing
politicians. saw in the convictleasing
system immense profits for themselves
CONTINUED on page p
The Ellensburg dawn. [volume] (Ellensburg, Wash.) 1898-1914, 1913-01-23

livelihood had been taken from him
and he must find redress. The govern
ment of Venezuela was at the time in
the hands of weaklings. Deprived of
his herd, he determined to overthrow
the government that had so flagrantly
trampled on the rights of its citizens.
He would take upon himself the re-
sponsibility of emancipating his coun-
try from the tyranny of such unscru.
pulous and dishonest rulers. He would
break the bonds of his people and lib
crate them from such overlords. Gath
ering together a few fronticrsmen, as
daring and lawlcss as himself, but less
powerful he descended upon the plains
and began triumphal march upon the
capital that ended in his election to
the presidency of the cmancipatcd
country. Opposition was lstless. His
hearts of all opposition. Wounded and
ragged. he sat down before Valencia
with his little army of 800 men and the
garrison of 5000 surrendered to him
without opposition, joined his forces
and assisted him in the capture of the
capital.
For years his iron hand knew no de
feat. He placed in responsible posi-
tions men who had supported him in
his revolution--men equally as unscru
pulous. but less coura geous than him
self. Through fear of him. they worked
in entire accord with his wishes. When
the interests of the state interfered
with the interests of the statesmen, the
former was relegated to the back
ground and the Golfers of the latter
swelled. In his travels over the coun-
try. every town was taxed to the ut
most to satisfy the demand of the
ruler for an elaborate reception for
himself and his expensive retinue. So
misery came upon the villages, but the
president grew rich. His career
smacked of the freebooters of old, even
after his election to the presidency
His high-handed methods might have
been carried on indefinitely had he
not become involved with the powers.
So inflated was he with the sense of
his strength in Venezuela that he re
garded the world as waiting to bow at
his feet. Here he was mistaken, for
when he began to interfere with com