Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1913-04-11
FIRST MESSAGE IN
WILSON WASTES FEW WORDS IN
TELLING CONGRESS WHAT IT
SHOULD 90.
TARIFF REVISION HIS TOPIC
President Says the Schedules Must Be
Radically Changed to Square With
Present Conditions, but Work Re-
oulres Careful Consideration.

Washington, April S.-President
Wilson's first message to the Sixty
third congress, assembled In extraor-
binary session, was read In the senate
and house today. 1t was surprising
~ short, being in full as follows:
To the Senate and House OF Repre-
sentatives:
| have called the congress together
In extraordinary session because q
duty was laid upon the party now in
power at the recent elections which 1t
ought to perform promptly. In order
that the burden carried by the people
under existing law may be lightened
az soon as possible and In order, also,
that the business interests of the
country may not be kept too long In
suspense as to what the fiscal changes
are to be to which they will be re-
CURED to adjust themselves. It 10 clear
to the whole country that the tariff
duties must be altered. They must
be changed to meet the radical altera-
ton In the conditions Of our economic
life which the country has witnessed
within the last generation.
While the whole face and method OF
our Industrial and commercial life
we're being changed beyond recogni-
ton the tariff schedules have re-
NAMED what they were before the
change began, or have moved in the
direction they were given when no
large circumstance of our industrial
development was what 1t Is today.
Our task is to square them with the
actual facts. The sooner that Is done
the sooner we shall escape from suf-
fering from the facts and the sooner
our men of business will be free to
thrive by the law of nature (the ma
ture Of free b~usiness) instead Of by
the law of legislation and artificial ar
rangement.
Business Not Normal.
We have seen tariff legislation
wander very far afleld in our day
very far indeed from the field In which
our prosperity might have had a nor
NAL growth and stimulation. No n
who looks the facts squarely In the
face or knows anything that lies be-
meath the surface Of action can fail to
perceive the principles upon which
recent tariff Legislation has been
based. We long ago passed beyond
the modest notion Of protecting the
industries Of the country and moved
boldly forward to the idea that they
were entitled to the direct patronage
Of the government. For q long time
q time so long that the men 10Y active
In public policy hardly remember the
conditions that preceded tive have
sought in our tariff schedules to give
each group OF manufacturers or pro-
ducers what they themselves thought
that they needed in order to
maintain a practically exclusive
market as against the rest Of the
world. Consciously or unconsciously.
we have built up a set of privileges
dAu CAOutRllOh9 AhOm CVhROtAtAOh D0
hind which 1t was easy by any. even
the crudest, forms of combination to
organize monopoly; until at last moth
ing Ia normal, nothing Is obliged to
stand the tests Of efficiency and eco
omy. in our world Of big business. but
everything thrives by concerted ar
rangement. Only new principles OF
action will a Y us from a final hard
capitalization of monopoly and a
complete loss Of the influences that
quicken enterprise and keep indie
pendent energy alive.
1t Is plain what those principles
must be. We must abolish everything
that bears even the semblance Of priv
llege or Of any kind Of artificial ad-
vantage. and put our business men
and producers under the stimulation
Of a constant necessity to be eficieAt,
economical, and e%nterprising, masters
Of competitive supremacy, better
workers and merchants than any In
the world. Aside from the duties laid
upon articles which we do not, and
probably cannot, produce, therefore,
and the duties laid upon luxuries and
merely for the sake Of the n
they yield, the object of the tariff du-
ties ~henceforth laid must be effective
competition, the whetting Of Ameri-
can wits by contest with the wits of
tha roct nf tho world
Development, Not Revolution.
II would be unwise to move toward
this end headlong, with reckless
haste, or with strokes that cut at the
very roots Of what has grown UP
amongst us by long process and at
our own invitation. 1t does not alter
a thing to upset 1t and break 1t and
deprive 1t Of a chance to change. 1t
destroys 1t. We must make changes
In our fiscal laws, In our fiscal system,
whose object Is development, q more
free and wholesome development. not
revolution or upset or confusion. We