El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1913-06-28

in the United States This country mas
over 100000 people, and of these less
than 10000 are whites There arr
about 100000 pure indians and O.
100000 more who are red men, more OF
less crossed with the whites.
The pure indians are practically IN
educated. and this is largely so OF M
--fvaf breeds The greater part Oh
rnern were for years IN little more LL.-I
debt slavery, and today some Hll---o -
Of them are mere leWers OF " oo-7 anu
rich haciendados, some MoIA IN ~
rich hacfendadOs. come WOrk III -AS
towns and others live in villages, mann
tanning many Of the customs VI
turtles ago r--..7.--=,l-
Starr has beeu making STUDIES OF Ln5
Mexican indians. He has traFC-ed from
here across the country down 10 GuaIe-
naIa CITY. visiting the vari Us trloes
~ taking measurements Of their
heads busrs and Of other parts OF
their figures He has photographed
thousands of them and has made plas-
Ter casts Of many A part OF ms IraFe-S
was through the mountains OF southern
Mexico where he found many lnolan
villages. each village being a uIJle re
public He found many new Irlpes ana
also many descendants OF the anclehL
peoples who inhabited Mexico during
the DAYS Of MOuteZuma- 1t IS through
hfs. researches and those Of other eth
noIOpists that the authorities here are
studying the great political problems
which confront them
Fifty-one Different Languages.
They now know that there are scores
Of different indian tribes in Mexico ana
that each has its pecullarltles- In 1853
one Of the chief scientists Of the re-
public. Don Manuel OrOZcO Y Barrag
found that there were 81 different in
dian languages and IN addlJlon, ABOUT
SO dialects He divided these languages
rHHa
later shown that nearly all Of these
indians Lad used ideOgraphs and en-
plOysd them in communicating thought
One Ct the best known Of the indian
races is the Aztecs. It was the ruling
race at the time COrtez came, and there
are millions Of it on the plateau today,
The Aztec civilization has been so pic
tured BY Prescott that many think that
It is about the only race Of indians in
Mexico. The truth IS that the Aztecs
got the most Of their civilization from
the Toltecs, whom they conquered when
they came here fTyfn the north. They
got their religion from them and also
their calendar and architecture
TOItees Pyramid Builders.
The Toltecs built the pyramids OF
Mexico and either they OF a branch Of
this race. known as the Mayans, con-
struCted the wonderful cities Of fuca-
tan and those Of Guatemala. as we'll I
have already written OF the runs OF
Ouirigua in the MOtagua valley, not far
from the Caribbean sea in Guatemala,
which our psychologists are now eX-
cavating They are the remains OF
temples built by the Mayans. who are
supposed to have gone mere from Mex
leo centuries ago
The Aztecs called themselves MeLi-
cans and ii is from them that we get
the name Mexico. Their descendants
are numerous today but are largely
poems who work for the whites. 1t is
from them that the rank and file OF
the soldiers are recruited
The lIiztecas and ZapOtecas-
Among the other indians who have to
be reck0ned wihp, IN the Mexico to
come. are the ZapOtecas and the Miz-
tecas. Both Of these races are noted for
their intelligence, and they have al
ready given Mexico some Of It's aDlesL
men BenitO JuareZ, for years the
president Of the republic, was a full
bIoOded Zapoteca- and president POrflrlO
DiaZ had MiZteca blood IN his veins
These tribes are now sound on the
southern slopes Of the central plateaus.
You may see them in Pueblo, OaXaca,
Guerrero and MOrelOs 1t is said that
their ancestors date back to the time
when Militia AOchlcalcO and Zaachlla
were built. The ZapOtecas were never
subdued by the Aztecs. and they are
now growing in independence right
along. There are a great many Of them
in OaZaca. a state whose population is
fully uine-Cenths indian. Some are TO
pee, where the women are noted for
their picturesqueness and for their IN
dependent ways.
The Girls Of Tehuantepec.
Indeed. the girls Of Tehuantepec are
among the beauties Of the North
American continent They are as
straight as a royal palm tree and their
forms are beautifully rounded. They
have olive skins. black hair and eyes
and teeth as white as lime freshly
slaked- Their ordinary costume is
Jacket and skirt, the former having
short sleeves and cut very low at the
neck, so that II exposes their beautiful
shoulders and arms The Jacket reaches
almost TO the waist and q strip Of bare
skin usually shows between 1t and the
skirt
These women do nach OF the work
They are thirty and accumulative- They
are fond Of gold jeWeIry and like espe-
cially ornaments made Of American
so gold pieces. Girls may be fire.
Quently seen thus wearing a small for
tune in gold double eagles, although
their feet may be bare.
The Ruins OF Militia.
The most famous ruins Of this tribe
lie within 25 miles to the southeast Of
OaZaca City. They are about 300 miles
south OF the Mexican capital and one
can 90 there by train in less than q
day. There are fairly good hotels at
OaLaca, and from there one can reach
the ruins by carriage in five or six
hours or he can go by train to San
Pablo in an hour and half and stop
at the hotel there. In Lle latter case,
he viii be right at the ruins and can
easily spend day OF so in moving
about through them
The ruins are those Of the ancient
city Of Militia They are Of great extent.
and the indians say that under them lie
the chambers wherein are stored the
treasures OF the ancient ZapOteca
kings. Some Of the ruins are striking
The hall Of the MOnOliths. for instance,
has walls five feet thick and columns
OF enormous size. The lintels over the
entrance are solid blocks of stone Is
feet long. four feet high and five fesI
thick, and the pillars are pOrphyry ris-
ing "A feet from the floor and extend
ing, 1t is said, six feet below it They
arS as big around as q whisky barrel
Next this is the salon Of the Mono
liths, which is 100 feet long and 90 feet
wide. Its walls are 10 feet in height.
and il has a floor Of cement The deco
rauons Of Militia make you think Of
PomDeI. Some Of the floors are in
mosalcs, and many Of the structures
are wonderfully carved reminding one
OF the crumpling temples and fort at
Delhi in India
Indisns Of Casas Grandes.