davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Rocky Ford enterprise., 1913-01-03

mountainash is sacred its ashes. after burning.
carefully preserved for when sprinkled on
the ground they descry luck the reverse in
wooing.
sent many interesting features. The more salient
points actual survivas of federal times
The class of peasant which may be called ia
borer-farmers" consists of men who receive no
wages. They occupy buildings belonging to the
landowner. which they are required to keep in
repair. The landowners make grants OF seed
and other necessaries. and of certain lands which
the laborer-farmers cultivate for their own bene
fit. They have free access to the forest for fuel
and for lumber for repairs. In return they are
obliged to work for the landowner with their
families and horses On holdings. where
there is clay. the laborer-farmers are allowed to
make bricks and to earn what they can by sales.
paying much per cent their gains to their
landowner
Many laborer-farmers are quite well off, and,
whilst they retain their status peasants. their
sons and daughters sent to excellent schools
and enter government and commercial employ
ments. This class of men must not, however, be
confounded with the free peasantry. The lat
ter although generally poorer. have superior
civil rights and form estate of the realm with
direct representation in the Finnish parliament
Finland first occupied by the Russians in
1909. Alexander /. granted the Inhabitants
autonomy under their ancient laws and institu-
tions. Recent events have greatly curtaed Fin
nish liberties, but like the patriots the Firms
abide and sing:
Land of Thousand Lakes,
Where faith and life are ours.
Past wrongs inspire our powers
For the future wakes!"
Like other folk, the Firms rejoice In festivals
religious and profane. Christmas is the great
est of them all Ever long before the of
the Nativity the stores crowded with people
choosing klapps, gifts for family and friends. In
each town and village the snow-eovered market
place becomes pine forest full of Christmas
trees. for every home keeps Christmas thus. II
they do not rejoice in beef and plum pudding
they have their seasonabe dishes all the same
ut fisk dried cod soaked in brine and boiled to
a jelly: with 1t they eat sort of pease pud
ding. Smoked roast pork follows and then comes
a rice pudding full of almonds-the al
monds you get the more happy months you will
have Plum tarts, served with paste and clotted
cream form the dessert.
On Christmas Eve each house and cottage
Rocky Ford enterprise., 1913-01-03
IDENTIFICATION OF AMERICAN WOODS
RECENTLY BECOME GREATLY EMPHASIZED
Users Need of Reliable Means of Recognizing Commercial Tim
ber Increases Because of Demand for Standard Species
Many Expensive Lawsuits Result From Controversies.

stant work has made him familiar.
his knowledge of other woods is neces-
sarily limited. Confronted with the
necessity OF distinguishing the few
oak woods he knows from a larger
number of different species, the char
acters he has long and safely relied
upon are often insufficient because
they may be common to the wood of
some of the oaks with which he is un-
familiar. Thus carefully selected,
well-seasoned piece of water oak @.
nigra) may be SO similar in color and
general appearance to some grades of
white oak as to deceive not a few
unacquainted with the structural char
acteristics of all our oaks.
Another difficulty that may be en-
countered by one who depends en-
tirely upon an empirical knowledge of
woods is to prove his convictions re-
garding the identity of a wood. For
want of exact knowledge of the ana
tomical characteristics of the wood in
question. he can only insist upon his
opinion. It happens in actual practice
that one inspector passes as white
oak a shipment composed of white
oak, black oak and red oak, and his
judgment is challenged by another
inspector, yet in such an event nei-
ther is able to do more than assert
his opinion.
1t must not be understood that a
study of the structural characters of
woods always renders Identification
easy. 1t is sometimes extremely diff
cult to find characters that distinguish
"a nf
which may be abundantly distinct in
their flowers, fruit and foliage. 1t Is
comparatively easy to point out simple
characters which distinguish oak from
other woods. Moreover, 1t is not diff
cult to find characters that will sepa-
rate the white oaks (annual fruiting
species) from the black and red oaks
(biennial fruiting species). The task.
however, of pointing out easily OBJ
served distinctions that can be relied
upon to separate the woods of differ
ent species of white oaks, black oaks
and red oaks is difficult, and, in a few
instances, impossible without the aid
of the high magnifying power OF
compound microscope. This is because
some of the minute structural charac-
ters easily demonstrated when great
ly magnified cannot be seen under the
low magnifying power of simple
pocket lens.
or the approximately 800 different
species of oaks known in the world
about 53 occur within the United
States. Thirty-five include all of the
commercially useful ones and num-
ber OF other species. the woods Of
which are likely to become more or
less useful In the future. The remain
ing fifteen species are of inferior quail
ity or the trees occur in such limited
quantities as to be of little or no eco
nomic importance.
Rocky Ford enterprise., 1913-01-03
cBy q. B. supwoRrH.)


The wood users need of a reliable
means of recognizing commercial
woods has become greatly empha-
sized in recent years because of the
enormous demand for standard kinds
and species of woods. This increased
use is necessitating, in some cases.
the substitution of similar or entirely
different woods for many of the we'll
known and long-used ones, the sup
plies of which no longer meet the
demand
Some of the substitutes offered are
as good as standard timbers. while
others are inferior to them. How
ever this may be, the frequent dis
covery by consumers that they have
not received the woods ordered has
led to great many difficulties and to
serious controversies involving ex-
pensive lawsuits.
In many instances manufacturers
believe that in substituting, for ex-
ample. the woods of several different
species of the white oak for that of
the true white oak, they are doing
no injustice to purchasers. and this
belief is reasonably supported by
facts. Much depends upon the uses
made of the timber.
No one could deny that for some
purposes the woods of the con oak.
overcup oak. post oak. bur oak and
Rocky Ford enterprise., 1913-01-03

swamp white oak are as good as that
Of white oak. But the substitution,
for example, of the somewhat similar
black and red oaks for true white
oak is less easily defended, because
these substitutes are very different in
quality from any of the whiteoak
woods.
With numerous oaks. therefore. as
with many other woods, the consumer
has occasion to distinguish. such
superficial characters as color, feel,
odor. hardness. weight. ETC., cannot
be depended upon alone as distinctive.
because they vary not only with the
age of the tree but also according to
the soil in which the tree grew and
The season and manner of cutting.
The butt log differs from the top log.
the heartwood from the sapwood, and
the wood of a rapidly grown tree from
that of less rapidly grown one OF
The same species.
While the practical woodworker rec
ognizes the woods with which con-
Rocky Ford enterprise., 1913-01-03

snine put whipped TO fury by autumn storms re-
semble clusters of precious gems cast bv benea.
cent deities upon the bosom of Nature Tho eva
delights In the serenity of the panorama till the
ear catches the impressive thunder of the cata.
racts and waterfalls A river-lake-land trip is
an experience at once novel and thrilling Light
boats too frai they look push of boldly into
the rapids, manned by sturdy young fellows in
red flannel shirts. siouched felt hats and leather
boots far up the thigh singing snatches of plain
tive folklore as their craft clear rock and boul-
der daringly The long wooden paddle thrown
out behind and the supple dash showers of
crystal water over the traveller. Groups of white
kerchiefed women and bare-legged children toss
6heery welcome all along the course whilst the
crafty boatmen take vigorous pulls at the ubiqui-
tous cigarettes.
Winter brings about marvellous transforma-
tion. True the rude storms expend their fury
upon the rock-bound coast but the deadly bliz-
xard tears away Natures beauty spots When
the Lady of the Shows" has spread her 'gitter-
ing mantle far and wide peace white and last
ing. reigns everywhere. Ice crystals depend
from every bough and and frost diamonds
sprinkle on the ground. Above all and every
thing the great horizon is flashed with the daz-
cling Northern Lights giving promise of life and
constancy.
Spring. which vegetation leap like magic
out of the melting SHOWS. is swiftly followed by
brisf and brilliant summer. and autumn comes
on apace, ready, go 1t seems, to be devoured by
the greedy frost king. Seed time and harvest
hold each other by the hand to resist the grip
of ice. Forest work ceases. and. the short day
OF winter over, old and young assemble In the
homestead's long common room and together
weave and spin, and read and smoke. and dance
and sing. Certainly by sledge and ski and skate
distances are covered and happy school children
glide hither and thither. sometimes scurrying
home for fear OF wolves.
The Firms originally from the Altai
mountains They took possession of the Land
Of Many Waters" away In the seventh century.
The language spoken by the country people has
a similar origin: 1t is unique tongue, soft and
sonorous not unlike modern Italian. The peo.
pie of the eastern province, touching upon Rus
sia exhibit the Mongolian type-thick lips, high
cheek bones and narrow eyes. The inhabitants
of the western province mostly of Swedish
origin and speak the Swedish language.
The word Finn" means wizard. Among their
many superstitions is the tradition that trim
ity Of spirits presides their destiny-"Ukko,"
the spirit of the air: "Tapo" the spirit OF the
forest and "Abte." the spirit of the lakes. The
Rocky Ford enterprise., 1913-01-03

In quantity of milk produced, Ayr
shires will probably rank next to the
Holstein-Friesian. The COWS owned
by the Wyoming Agricultural college
averaged last year something over
5000 pounds apiece. while herds aver
aging better than 5000 pounds are not
uncommon. In percentage of butter
fat. the breed stands between the Hoi-
stein and the Jersey or Guernsey. 3.6
to As per cent covering the bulk OF
the fiuctuation. The fat globules are
Rocky Ford enterprise., 1913-01-03
Selecting Seed Corn.

The state of Minnesota has taken
official notice of the idea of better
seed corn, and the governor set aside
week in which the farmers were
asked to go one day into their fields
and choose their seed corn for next
year.
Rocky Ford enterprise., 1913-01-03

are interspersed with valley
waterways and fragrant
meadow-lands. In summer
time the foam and spray Of
rushing torrents hang spark
ling dewdrops on the golden
pine-needles whilst the va
porous mists Of the marsh
lands wave fairy rainbows
among the russet fruit of
the bronzy hazels. The
greenest of green moss and
the most tender gray stone
wort spread softest carpets
for the feet as with the hand
are plucked the sweetest
wild flowers.
THE Thousand Lakes" of
Finland. placid in the sun
Rocky Ford enterprise., 1913-01-03
NzzZ. 64zRGA A2NA7ZD

HE Land of Many
Waters" is the
poetic designation
of their beloved
country most cher
ished by the peo-
pie of Finl ] a n d.
Mountain ranges
and forest stretches
bold and verdant
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1913-08-20
HUNDRED PERSONS
KILLED OR INJURED
Dynamite Explosion In the City
Of Mexico.

Mexico City, Aug. 20.-An explosion
on a gondola loaded with dynamite
on the tracks of a street car company
in a thickly settled portion of Tacu.
baya, a suburb of the capital, killed
or injured more than 100 persons,
chiefly women and children.
Thirty bodies already have been
taken from the ruins of the houses,
Scores of wounded are lying in the
streets.
The disaster is said to have been
caused by a a loaded with iron pipe
crashing into the dynamite car. For
q radius of 500 feet from the scene OF
the explosion not a house was left
intact and not a vestige OF many OF
the buildings remained.
Most of the dwellings were of adobe
construction and those nearest to
where the car stood we're converted
into heaps of clay and dust, under
which 1t is estimated scores of vic.
tins will be found.
The persons killed belonged for the
most part to the laboring class.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1913-08-20
keep THE KIDNEYS WELL
Health is Worth Saving, a d
Some Madison People
Know How to
Save IL

Many Madison people take their lives
in their hands by ~neglecting the kid.
neys when they know these organs need
help. Weak kidneys are responsible
for a vast amount Of suffering and i'll
health-the slightest delay is danger.
Gus. Use Doan's Kidney Pills i
remedy that has helped thousands OF
kindly sufferers. Here is a Madison
citizen recommendation.
james Fitzpatrick, retired farmer,
1907 Josephine Ave. Madison, s d.,
sas: For some time i was annoyed by
my disordered kidneys. My back be
gan to pain severely, / knew my kid
neys nee led attention and was looking
for a good remedy when | was told
about Doan's Kidney Pills. One box
ril me of the trouble and / have had
no return attack. Others OF my family
have also been greatly benefited by
D ans Kidney Pills" -
Fol sale by all dealers. Price so
cents. Foster Milburn Co., Buffalo,
New York. sole agents for the United
States.
Remember the name Doan sand
take no other.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1913-08-20
BANKING By MAIL, ALSO.
Announced In Connection With Exten-
sion of Parcel Post.

~ W v U
Washington. - Postmaster General
Burleson announced that on Aug. Is,
the same date as that on which the ex-
tension Of the parcel post is effective,
the banking by mall" feature becomes
a part Of the postal savings system.
This innovation will enable depositors
living In remote districts to avail
themselves OF the system.
In the matter of the parcel post, MIR.
Burleson announced that after Aug. Is
the weight limit on packages Is placed
at twenty pounds and that a reduction
in charges was ordered for local deliv-
cry from 8 cents for the first pound
and / cent for each additional pound
to 8 cents for the first pound and ]
cent for each additional two pounds
or fraction thereof. For delivery In
the first zone the rate will be reduced
from 5 cents for the first and 3 cents
for each additional pound to 8 cents
and 1 cent; for the second zone the
rate will be cut from 6 cents and 4
cents to 8 cents and l cent for each
additional pound.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1913-08-20

from the public and paid Dack In taxes
over $40, 900, 900 during the year 1912.
The steadily increasing necessities
of the public not only for additional
bnt for new telephone service can only
be met by new construction, involving
capital outlay. To meet these de-
mands during the six and one half
years from 1907 to June, 1913, in
elusive. the increase in telephone plant
was as follows: Toll line wife in
creased from 1850, 600 miles to 2. 242,
600 miles; exchange wire increased
from 5000, 600 miles to 10, O0O, 900;
the number of exchange stations in
creased from 2, lao, 900 to 5. 900, 900 the
lumber OF stations of independent COM.
panies connected with the Bell System
increased from 343, 600 to 1890, 600.
The number of independent companies
connected with the Bell System IL
about 25, 900. The number of en-
ployees In the Bell System, not in
GLIDING the employees of connected
companies, on December 81, 1919, was
l41, 900. During this same peri I'd the
number of shareholders of the Ameri-
can Telephone and Telegraph Company,
not including either the associsted or
connected companies, increased from
1900 to about 50, 0G0. About AZ, 900
shareholders hold less than 100 shares
each; $500 shareholders hold from
100 to 1000 shares each; BAT share
holders hold from 1000 to 5000
shares each, while there are only 10
shareholders of s. 900 shares or over
in their W right. A majority of the
shareholders are
American Telephone and Telegraph Co.,
Theo. ". Vail, President.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1913-08-20
SPECIAL GRAND Jury LIKELY
Acting Governor OF New York Wants
Thaw Escape Probed.

Albany, N. Y, Aug. 20.-An extraor.
binary grand jury session may be
ordered by Acting Governor Glynn to
investigate the escape of Harry X.
Thaw.
Glynn Is incensed over the report
that bribery opened the prison gates
for the insane slayer of Stanford
White. He is having a private in
vestlgation made.
Detectives have told him the names
OF the men they believed 20 be in
the plot. But these men were not
the ones who carried it out. The
real principals have not yet been
found, although there is a strong sus-
picion of their identity.
AS oon as his reports are com
plete the acting governor intends to
order them presented TO a special
grand jury for indictment.
II money was used Glynn is deter
mined that the fragrant disregard for
law shall be openly exposed and pun
tshed.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1913-08-20
BIG CUT ORDERED
IN EXPRESS CHARGES
In Some Instances Rates viii
Be Lower Than by Mails.

Washington. The interstate com
merce commission has ordered the ex-
press companies to lower their rates,
improve their service and modify their
practices and systems OF accounts.
The order issued by the commission
radically lowers the rates on express
packages under fifty pounds.
The reductions, which range from
10 to 60 per cent, with an average Of
10 per cent. will cost the companies
$26.000,000. or nearly 16 per cent OF
their gross revenue, IL is estimated.
The new rates become effective Oct
Is and continue for two years. II Is
believed that Ii will require two years
to try out the proposed schedules. In
making the order Commissioner Mar
BILE said tho report and order lay the
following requirements upon the ex-
press companies:
The adoption of the block system of
stating rates; the establishment OF a
uniform classification; the publication
OF a Joint directory Of express sta
tons; the publication Jointly OF the
pick up and delivery limits at each
station: the adoption of revised rules
and regulations.
Under the present method of compil-
Ing tariffs 000.Ooo,o00 separate rates
are published by the express com
panies. Under the block system the
number is reduced to 650,OO0. The
Irp{tad Ctofau 10 IN no divided into QrO
blocks, averaging $500 square miles to
the block.
The most important change Is In
the modification Of the present gradu-
ated scale OF parcel rates. The 100
pound rates for short distances have
either been but slightly reduced or
have been left unchanged. For long
distances the 100 pound rates have
been somewhat reduced.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1913-08-20
SEEKING BEST FARM SYSTEM
Report on Those Of Northern Iowa and
Southern Minnesota,

SSthtSEh "tffflGeChas
Wasbington.-Dr. Thomas n. Carver,
head Of the rural organization service,
department OF agriculture, has report
ed to Secretary Houston that he had
found the farmers In northern Iowa
and southern Minnesota about as well
organized and as prosperous as any In
the world.
DR.. Carver is studying cooperative
systems In practice In the northwest,
with a view to recommending the best
ideas In use there to farmers in other
parts of the country. Since the start
of the rural organization service, q few
months ago, intensive studies have
been going on I'm Minnesota into every
phase of the farm life there. social.
moral and economic.
sour principal work." said DIR. Car
yer recently, twill be to find out where
the best possible farming conditions
prevail and what causes are respon-
sible for this success and then to get
farmers elsewhere to adopt similar
methods with the hope that equally
good results will follow"
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1913-08-20
PAWNbROKER IS
LOBBY WITNESS
Tells of Raising Fund to
Fight Dyer BILL
PRODUCES CHECK STUBS

Becomes Greatly Confused In A.
tempting to Explain How the Money
Was Expended In an Effort to De-
feat Legislation.
Washing IN, Aug. 20.-Producing
vouchers and check stubs, Issac Hell
denheimer, a pawnbroker, confessed
to the house lobby committee that
WASHINGTON pawnbrokers had raised
s3,475.36 to fight the Dyer loan shark
bill, only $l,937.14 OF which went for
attorneys fees.
The balance was expended by
George Horning, a pawnbroker, whom
/. ii. McMichael said Representative
II. J.. McDermott of Illinois boosted
had paid him $1,000 for opposing the
bill.
The witness became greatly con-
fused under cross-examination. He
admitted having conferred with an at
torney who received some OF the
~pawnbroker fund. He admitted dis
cussing Expenditures with Horning.
The account submitted by Heiden-
heimer showed a $3.50 item twice
charged TO a firm of attorneys and
the witness said he thought this was
n mistake-a duplication.
Further questioning developed that
three pawnbrokers, Horning, Heiden-
heimer and Bernstein, had held con-
ferences Monday about the fund rails
ed to fight the loan shark bill.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1913-08-20
TO RETURN WHEN WELL AGAIN
Mrs. Pankhurst Now In France With
Daughter.

Paris. Aug. 20.-Mrs. Emmeline
Pankhurst, leader OF the British suf-
fragettes. who left England last Sat
urday saying only that she was going
To France, has revealed herself at
Trouville, where with her daughter,
Miss Cristobal Pankhurst, she is
taking a cure" In an interview Mrs.
P%ankhurst declared her intention OF
returning to England and continuing
her militancy "a Dol as the state of
her health will permit,
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1913-08-20
browns In a Milk Can.

Fond du Lac. Wis. = Death by
drowning In a milk can that contained
only four inches of water was the cate
of Norman. the fo~ur-year-old 0 OF
Mr.. and Mrs. Ed Schumacher Of Cal
umetville. The child's chair. standing
at the side of the milk can. guided the
grandmother when she sought the
missing child. who had fallen head
foremost into the receptacle and was
dead.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1913-08-20

Declares Miss Warrington insisted on
ACCOMPANYING Him.

San Francisco, Aug. 20.-Maury
Diggs took the witness stand in his
own behalf. He was extremely volu-
BILE in his testimony. He wanted to
leave Sacramento alone, he said, bit
Miss Warrington insisted on accom-.
panying him.
You're not going away and leave
me, are your" he asserted she ex-
claimed.
1t vas Miss Warrington, too. Diggs
asserted, who persuaded Miss Norris
to join the party when she demurred.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1913-08-20
MRS. EATON'S TRIAL SET.
Must Face Jury Oct. IS For Murder Of
Admiral.

Greenfield, Mass.-Chief Justice Al
ken Of the superior court has ordered
that the trial Of Mrs. Jennie May Ea-
ton, for the murder OF her husband.
Rear Admiral Joseph Giles Eaton, be
called at Plymouth on Oct. 13. Mrs.
Eaton was arrested twelve days after
the admiral died from poisoning at
their home in Assinippi. IN March 8.
With the exception Of two brief ap-
pearances In court she has since been
In Jail at Plymouth.
Mrs. Eaton is accused OF having
placed poison In coffee and other food
prepared for the admiral.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1913-08-20
SENATE MAY SEAT CLAYTON
Members Believe o'NeaI Had Right
20 Appoint Him.

Washington, Aug. 20.--Announcing
that the senate Democratic caucus
would consider the credentials Of
Representative Clayton, appointed
senator from Alabama by Governor
O'Neal, Senator Bankhead declared
that a majority of the members OF the
senate had reached the conclusion that
o'Neal had a right to make the ap-
polntment.