davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1913-03-20
ABOUT FARM ENGINES
Proper Time Of Ignition Depends
Largely on Speed.
bixs o. Engine and Fuel Ussd Alss
Must BE Taken Into considera-
tlon-ObJsct 10 to sscurs the
Maximum Power,

tBy g. I. GUINNESS. Assistant Professor
Of Engineering, North Dakota ATricuI-
tural College)
Time Of ignition refers to the point
In the stroke of the engine at which
the gases are ignited or set on fire.
All gasoline engines hre their
charge shortly before the end of the
compression stroke, but the exact
point of ignition will vary with diff
ferent engines. At first thought it
might occur to us that 1t is unwise to
fire the charge before the piston
reaches the end Of the compression
stroke. as the pressure developed in
the cylinder at the instant of the ex-
plosion will act as back pressure
and tend to hold the engine from
turning. 1t is true that early igni.
ton will give back pressure at the
end of the compression stroke, but
even at that we find that 1t is advis-
able to fire the charge before the pis-
ton reaches the end of the stroke. We
find that the engine will gain In pow
er in spite Of the back pressure de-
veloped. The reason for this is that
1t takes some little time for the gases
to get on flre. and II the spark Is
formed when the piston Is ct the end
Of the stroke the piston will travel
some distance before all the charge
has commenced to burn. It is evil
dent then that there will not be az
much pressure forcing the piston
ahead on the power stroke az II the
whole charge were under fire when
the piston were at the end of the
stroke. II. however, the time of ig-
milton is too early, the back pressure
from such early ignition may over
balance the beneficial results, and in
that case there will be loss of power
and pounding" with excessive
strains on the parts of the engine.
The proper time of ignition will de-
pend largely on the speed at which
the engine Is running and to some
extent on the size of the engine and
the fuel used 1t Is evident that
speed plays an important part
in determining the proper point
Of ignition, as the time it takes for
the gases to get under fire and heat
up in any one engine will be practi.
cally constant, while the time that It
takes for the piston to get away from
the end Of the cylinder will depend
upon the speed. Consequently the
higher the engine speed. the earlier
the IGNITION. As q rough estimate we
might say that the crank should be
Rs many degrees before center when
ignition takes place as i've times the
number Of revolutions made by the
engine per minute divided by 100
This is but Z rough estimate. and will
not hold In all cases.
To get the proper point Of ignition,
It is necessary to advance the ignition
gradually until the point is reached
where the engine will develop the
maximum power.
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1913-03-20
HOG Cholera Serum.

Last May r. l.. Miller Of May
eta. Kan. bought 43O head of 100
pound shotes at Kansas City yards at
a time when his hogs at home were
suffering from so called hog cholera.
AS the regulations for interstate ship
ment require. these shotes We're dipped
and vaccinated. When brought home
they were turned in with the sick herd,
which was then vaccinated also. A
few of the sick hogs died, but not one
of the shotcs. and of course Mr.. Miller
is a firm believer in the serum treat
ment.- Kansas Farmer.
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1913-03-20
SHERWOOD Line
MADE LONGER
SHERWOOD LINE WILL &c
LENGTHENED TO HELP
GRAIN GROWERS

Sherwood, N. d., March 17.--At
the request OF grain growers In this
section the Sherwood branch Of the
Great Northern railway will be ex.
tended about ten miles this spring.
The now extension will tap rich
grain country and will therefore save
the farmers many long hauls. The
matter OF making the new improve.
ment was called to the attention OF
the railroad officials at st. Paul ty a
comittee Of farmers AND businessmen.
It Is expected that work ON the exten-
sion Will be started as quickly as
the frost leaves the ground.
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1913-03-20

Mr.. and Mrs. F.. W. Wissler have
returned from Defiance, o., where
they were called by the illuess and
subsequent death Of Mr.. Wissler,s IA
thor. They have rented their farm
but will reside in this vicinity. Mrs.
Wlssler reports the weather In Ohio
a. being warm, she having seen on
ions In the gardens.
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1913-03-20
skimmiIk For Youna Stock.

skimmilk is valuable AZ a hog feed
because Of the protein and ash 1t car.
rfes. These have high value In building
the frame Of young animals. The
greater value will be realized from
feeding skimmilk to young pigs. Il Is
Of great value to sows sucking pigs.
Buftermilk has practically the same
composition as skimmilk, although 1t
- somewhat richer in fat. Whey u
worth half as much for pig feeding as
skimmilk.
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1913-03-20
Saving at the spigot.

Slxty-one per cent Of the stations In
use in the middle west are grades and
many Of them are scrubs. These ami
mails are only kept in business by the
low service fees. Saving s. or SO on
the service fee and losing $75 or 800
on the colt is making money back
ward.
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1913-03-20

h The Percheron horse is one Of the
most popular Of the heavy draft
breeds. For heavy work on the
farm or in the city he ranks sec.
ond to none. The Percheron year.
ling stallion shown 10 Ohio's Hero.
He was first prize winner in the
Ohio Percheron futurity at the Ohio
state fair Of 1872 He is owned by
the Ohio State university.
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1913-03-20
JUDGING cow BY HER LOOKS"
Dairy Animal Should Have Small
Head and Thin, Short Neck
Also LARGE Udder.

The best test of good dairy COW
rs that made by tester, but there are
some ways Of Judging COW by her
looks" She should have small head
ind thin, clean. short neck, also a
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1913-03-20
slop For Hoes.

One Of the things necessary to con-
slider as important is to be sure that
the hogs must be made to drink plenty
Of water iii winter, and, in order to do
this. part OF their feed should be
given as slop.
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1913-03-20

The Poland China hog is consid-
cred the ideal of the lard type. The
individuals are broad backed. low.
and dress high per cent OF mar
ketable meat. Prior to 1870 the Po-
land Chinas averaged larger than
now and We're inclined to coarse
ness. Since then they have been
improved and in recent years have
been growing in popularity. They
are solid black in color with white
points.
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1913-03-20
Buying Nursery Stock.

Don't buy nursery stock from nuF.
ssry agent or from nursery whose
reputation you are not certain 10 good.
Pay a reasonable price for stock, and
accept only good stock Use only
those plants adapted to your oonAt
tons.
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1913-03-20

6% paid on Savings. In
teTeSt credited July 1st, and
January lSt. Open Satur-
day evenings The Savings
Deposit Bank. II
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1913-03-20
SLIDE DOOR FOR HOG HOUSE
Very Useful In Keeping sows In En-
closure When Little Fellows Are
Allowed to Run.

This sketch shows hog house door
Of my invention. It is very useful in
keeping sows in pen when the lit
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1913-03-20
Hog House Door.

~ ones are allowed to run out. says :
writer in the Missouri Valley Farmer.
The pole below Is placed through holes
IN the door posts and the door rests
on top Of it. The door works up and
down In slide.
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1913-03-20
YOUNG aERcHERoN

HORSES FOR SALE
A load Of Percberon horses and
mares from 5 to 6 years old; mostly
broken. for sale at Scofeld's livery
baxn. 8. T. Kelley. tn
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1913-03-20

Herman Gordon, formerly Of Gordon
Bros, now Of the Plymouth Clothing
House, cordially invites his old
friends to call. Opera House Block.
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1913-03-20
MI,k.shape Cow.

large udder The point where TIL
joins the body should stand up and tail
should hang we'll out from body. The
opposite Of these points indicates q
poor mixer.
The Holt County sentinel., 1913-05-09

Mrs. VIM. Morris, who has been
quite III the past two weeks. Is now
some better. and Is able 10 be- up and
around some.
We are certainly glad TO learn
that Albert Williams has again EN-.
tered his name on the teachers roll
Of Holt county. The Triumph core.
spondent IN the JefIersonian last week
has this item: ALBERT Williams has
been engaged to teach our school the
coming winter. They intend totcach
the ninth grade and quite u number
who have not attended school since
they finished the eighth grade intend
TO 20 next winter. Albert Is u uum.
her one teacher and the school will he
a perfect success
The Holt County sentinel., 1913-05-09
]. M. Kenyon's Will.

The will of !. NJ. Kenyon, who died
1t Los Angeles, California, February
18th, 1913, was forwarded here for
record, and was recorded by Recorder
John 1libbard. Mr.. Kenyon was an
early day merchant Of Maitland, and
the body was brought here for inter.
ment. The will was executed June
Is, 1909, and being survived by his
wife and daughter, Mrs. Emily vii.
Hanson, he makes them his sole bene.
ficiaries and executors OF the estate.
The value OF the estate Is placed at
S3O,75O and consists Of % shares Of
capital stock In the Monterey Park
Land Company, par value. $3.50:
notes and securities, $4,000: 100 acres
in Imperial county, California, valued
At 80 900.
The Holt County sentinel., 1913-05-09
Wall Paper.

! have larger line Of wall paper
this year than ever, ! also have
"IIenry Voss Il Sons, Of St, Joseph,
Mo-" Special Books Of Samples. Can
order paper one day and get II the
next day. Would be glad TO show
you these books, II you want some
thing nice. Or II you will phone, will
bring them TO your home. Remem.
Der they have no cheap patterns In
them, but patterns that ! cannot az
ford to carry In stock.
II you are going TO St. Joseph TO
select your paper, and will call and
get q letter from me, ] can save you
at least per cent on your purchase,
II you will buy at Voss & Sons. You
need not show the letter until you
get their prices.
z. o. PHILLIPS,
Registered Pharmacist.
The Holt County sentinel., 1913-05-09
Luncheon for Miss Walsh,

Saturday. May 3. Miss Mary Iook
entertained at a "Violet Luncheon"
for her guest, Miss Genevieve Walsh,
Of Helena, Montana. The house was
beautifully decorated, the reception
hall and parlor with wild crab bios.
SONS, the library with white and pur.
pie lilacs, and the dining room with
. profusion Of violets. Violet place
cards marked the places Of the din.
ers, while at each place was a corsage
bouquet OF violets and lilles.of.the.
valley. After luncheon bridge was
played at two tables and 500 at one
table. Miss DUNCAN captured the
bridge prize and Mrs. W. Is. lIinde
that for 800" Miss Walsh received
the guest prize. Those present at
the luncheon and afterwards at cards
were: Misses IIortcnse DUNCAN, Mary
Price, Flora l,oham, Dale Ieller,
Anna Curry, Genevieve Walsh, Mary
Zook. Mesdames i. Philbricx. W.
w. Dawson, G. Il. Bunker, r. &. Dun.
gan, W. u. Ilindc and &. -. Iook.
The Holt County sentinel., 1913-05-09

Some Real Bargains In Buggies at
Frank Fosters.
--FOR SALE 1000 bushels Of Corn.
a. j. JAMisON.
If you want the latest map, and
one of the best weekly farm journals
In the country, and The SENTINEL,
for one year, send us $3.50, the price
OF The SENTINEL alone. Upon receipt
OF $3.50 we will send you the Missouri
Ruralist, weekly for one year, and the
Parcel Post Map. The Map Is the
latest, six pages, ANA beside the Parcel
Post Zone Map, contains, among other
late features, one page, OF the six
pages, The Anatomical Horse Chart.
Besides this, complete Census Returns,
Map of the World, United States and
the State Of Missouri by counties, also
. Map Of the Panama Canal. Remem-
Der you get the Weekly Missouri
Ruralist, the six page map and Tn
SENTINEL, one year, for only el.50.
The Holt County sentinel., 1913-05-09

John Wood and Mrs. Mary Bar.
Der, OF Mound City, were granted u.
ccnse to become husband and wife, at
81. Joseph, on Thursday, of las, week
May I, 1913.
Judge Hibbard will leave this
week for Buffalo. wyo. where he vii!
spend the summer visiting his sons,
Mart and jim, who are largely en-.
gagged In sheep raising.
The Holt County sentinel., 1913-05-09

On account Of the rain the
sale Of our household goods
was postponed until Saturday,
May 10. Among other things
offered for sale Is a fine six
hole Kitchen Range with furni
ture, also a Kitchen Cabinet
Table with new Safe. See ad
elsewhere In this issue.
|. C. POWELL.
The Ordway new era., 1913-08-29
How the Custom Originated 10 Told
In Legend Dating 1000 Ysars Be-
fore Coming Of Christ.

The Chinese claim to be the hrst
users of tea as a drink, and how 1t
originated il told in . pretty little
legend that dates from 1000 years DO
fore the coming Of Christ.
A daughter of then reigning SOW
ereign fell in love with young noble
man whose humble birth excluded
him from marrying her. They man
aged to exchange slances. and he oc-
casionally gathered a few blossoms
and had them conveyed to her.
One day in the palace garden the
lovers met and the young man en-
deavored to give her few flowers;
but SO keen was the watchfulness Of
her attendants all she could grasp was
. little twig with green leaves.
On reaching her room she put the
twig in water. and towards evening
she dxank the water in which the
twig had been kept. So agreeable
was the taste that she even ate the
leaves and stalks. Every day after
wards she had punches Of the tea
tree brought her. which she treated
in the same way.
Imitation being the sincerest form
of flattery. the ladies Of the court tried
the experiment and with such pleas
ing results that the custom spread
throughout the kingdom-and the
great Chinese tea industry became q
fait accompli.
The Ordway new era., 1913-08-29
EMPLOYER WILLING TO HELP
soms Consolation for Young Father
Who Had Applied for an In
ersass Of Salary.

Tho subject under discussion was
hard-hearted employers. and Congress
man Victor Murdock said that while
he couldn't believe that the boss as
. rule was calloused, he was compelL
ed to admit an exception in some
cases.
One of the exceptional cases." the
Congressman went on to say. was
an employer in Kansas. Recently an
employe who had held a clerkship for
several years went to the boss with q
plea for an increase In salary.
"T asked you for little more sal
airy q year ago. said the clerk, but
you told me that you were not able
to give It to me at that time. Now
q little baby has come to our home,
which will add to the expense, and I
would be very glad Ii you could fa-
vorably consider my request
~ see. l see.' thoughtfully replied
the boss. Let me think 1t over = min
ute. Boy. I suppose?'
"'Yes, sir happily answered the
clerk. greatly encouraged BY his en-
pioyer's attitude.
"-I th!uk can hx IT,, responded
the employer. I won't be able to give
you any more money. but Just as soon
as the boy gets big enough we will
fipI position for him in the once
here"
The Ordway new era., 1913-08-29
CHINESE ElRs1 TO USE 1EAlnow TO MAKE RABBIT 1RAr
Carefully Remove One End Of ordI-
nary Soap Box and cisat Along
Sides and Bottom.

This Is how I make a rabbit trap:
take box. such as one can get at
the store-a soap box is the right
size-and carefully take out one end.
nrst mailing cleats along the sides and
the bottom. SO that the box will not
fall apart when the end is removed.
says . writer In the Farm. Stock and
Home. Then 1 build up the other
end a. shown in the illustration. and
bore a small hole through It for the
bait-stick. and with my 1ack-knifs
make notch still higher up. to hold
the brace stick In place. Then clean
the top together. and nail tho end to
It. and from the front end of the top
to the brace stick run q cord. I fast
The Ordway new era., 1913-08-29
HOW SOME WORDS ORIGINATE
Construction OF Language ~ Much =
Piece Of Carpentry as Building
Of Ordinary Houss.

Word building Is as much piece OF
carpentry as is house building. Only II
takes longer. Sometimes a century or
more. And by that time the words
hrst meaning Is usually changed.
For example. the old word for
"nejkhhor" was "sib.S Ones good
neiShbor was known as ones good
sibS This became shortened to god
sib." and later to gossip" Then the
words whole meaning changed and
gossip no longer meant good neighbor.
but applied to the sort of talk ex-
changed between good neighbors.
Take the word farmer" too. The
old word for farmer" was "boor."
(And "boor" later was used for de-
sccibing farmerlike or rough persons.)
Tile farmer living nearest to one was
known as the "nighboor." and this
phrase, in course OF time. was twist
ed to "neighbor."
You've heard the proverb. Little
pitchers have big ears" Well. It
doesn't refer to the utensil that holds
water or goes to the corner side door.
Pitcher" was slang term with
some such meaning as our word
chap" or fellow" Thus. Little fel.
lows have big ears" is more sensi.
BILE rendering OF the proverb.
The Ordway new era., 1913-08-29
RECORD OF "THI3TEEN" YEAR
Period OF American History That
Brought Much Good to Nation
Europe Was at War.

In the year 1913 the thirteenth con-
gress of the United States assembled.
That portentous conjunction did not
are all most interested. 1t is true.
remarks the New York Sun. that the
republic was then In armed strife
with Great Britain. but the year wit
messed a succession of American tri-
umphs on shore and sea-Commodore
Perry's victory was one of them. CIV
ing US control of the great lakes.
which prepared the way for the treaty
Of Client in 1914 and the glorious
peace that has now endured for al
most century between the two great
English-speaking peoples-may 1t
never be broken or sullied by fault or
ours!
James Madison was inaugurated In,
1913 for his second term.
Europe was at war. That year saw
the inception of the alliance and the
mighty operations which resulted In
the overthrow of Napoleon. The bat
tie OF the nations" at Leipsic foretold
Waterloo and long period of peace
and prosperous development.
In that year Argentina threw on the
yoke Of Spain and established her in
dependence.
The resources OF the printers art
were enriched by the process OF ster-
eotyping. There were born that year.
among millions of others who exer-
cised more or less influence on the re-
sultant line of human progress. Rich
ard Wagner, Henry Bessemer. David
Livingstone. Isaac Pitman. Stephen A.
Douglas. Admiral Porter and John G.
Fremont. the Pathfinder.
Such is a part of the record OF q
thirteen year that did not turn out
very badly on the whole for the world
we live In.
The Ordway new era., 1913-08-29

me in the conduct of Washington, u
exclaimed John Adams; and 1t was
wholesome for the whole country that
such man should be put at the head
of affairs. Many ignoble things were
being done in the name of liberty. and
an ugly tyranny had been brought to
every mans door-''the tyranny OF
his next-door neighbor." 4 M
There were men by the score in the
colonies who had no taste or sympa-
thy for the rebellion they now saw
afoot-common men who knew little
or nothing of the mother-country, as
we'll as gentlemen of culture who
loved her traditions and revered her
crown; farmers and village lawyers.
as well as merchants at the ports
who saw their living gone and ruin
staring them In the face.
Rule Of the Majority.
But the local committees and the
Sons Of Liberty everywhere saw to
1t that such men should know and
dread and fearfully submit to the
views Of the majority. Government
was suspended; there was nowhere SO
much as a Justice of the peace acting
under the authority of the crown.
There might have been universal H.
cense had the rabble not seen their
leaders SO noble, SO bent upon high
and honorable purposes. 1t was an
object-1esson in the character of the
revolution to see Washington ride
the colonies to take charge of
an insurgent army. And no man or
woman. or child even. was likely to
miss the lesson.
The Ordway new era., 1913-08-29
Anaerams.

"A fool and his money are soon part.
ed" I.
The same letters spell:
o. rash man. to pay one II one sold
"One good turn deserves another"
The same letters spell:
Go ON at need. serve others round!
Little pitchers have long ears."
The same letters spell:
These grave lips chatter no Ill.
.All IL not gold that glitters."
The same letters spell:
Droll tinsel tags To gilt hat.
.Time and tide wait for NO man."
The same letters spell:
A wantf Do It in q moment. friendI
The Ordway new era., 1913-08-29

it; that mein as II the man were a
prince: that sincere and open counte-
nance. which every man could see was
lighted by good conscience: that
cordial ease In salute. as of man
who felt himself brother to his
friends.
Shows Himself to the People.
There was something about Wash
ington that quickened the pulses of
q crowd at the same time that It
awed them. that drew cheers which
were a sort of voice of worship. Chill
dren desired sight Of him, and men
felt lifted after he had passed. 1t was
good to have such a man ride all the
open way from Philadelphia to Cam
bridge in sight Of the people to as
sumo command Of the peoples army.
It gave character to the thoughts
Of all who saw him.
Matters had not stood still before
Boston to await commander sent by
congress.
While Washington waited for his
commission and made ready for his
journey there had been fighting done
which was to simplify his task.
General William Howe had reached
Boston with reinforcements on the
25th OF May, and quite ten thousand
troops held the city. while strong
fleet of men-of-war lay watchfully in
the harbor.
The British Hesitate.
There was no hurry. It seemed.
about attacking the sixteen thousand
raw provincials. whose long lines were
drawn loosely about the town from
Charlestown Neck to Jamaica Plain.
But commanding hills looked across
the water on either hand-in Charles
town on the north and in Dorchester
on the southeast-and It would be
well, Howe saw, to secure them. lest
they should be occupied by the insur-
gents.
On the morning Of the 18th of June.
however. while leisurely preparations
were a-making In Boston to occupy
the hills OF Charlestown. It was dis
covered that the provincials had been
beforehand in the project. There they
were in the clear sun, working dill
the height.
AZ q Fearful Cost.
Three thousand men were put
across the water to drive them on.
Though they mustered only seventeen
hundred behind their unfinished
works, there were several assaults
and the loss of thousand men was
the cost OF dislodging them.
They withheld their fire till the red
coats were within fifty-nay. thirty
yards of them, and then poured out .
deadly, blazing fire which no man
could face and live. They were GUST
ed only when they failed of powder
and despaired Of reinforcements.
Veteran officers who had led the as
sauit declared the regulars OF France
The Ordway new era., 1913-08-29
Ht0h Finance.

A man sent his neighbor's little boy
to the drug store to buy i've postage
stamps. He handed him two dimes,
the extra one being for himself. Some
time afterward the boy came back
blubberins and said he had lost one
Of the dimes.
But why didn't you buy me the
stamps?" asked the man.
Because. mister" replied the boy,
1T was your dime that I lost
Judge.