The herald-advance. (Milbank, S.D.) 1890-1922, 1913-07-04
life History Of the Loose smut Of
Wheat.

little smut plant lives over winter In
the erabryo or little plant Of a healthy
looking wheat grain. In the spring
when the grain is planted the smut
plant starts to grow at the same time
as the grain. The little smut plant
grows up through the wheat stem and
enters the head, which is converted
into a mass OF spores, with the eNcep-
ton of the rhachis or stalk OF the
head. The smut masses are naked
and these spores are scattered by the
Wind al about the time the wheat IS
III full bloom. Some of the spores
alight inside the chaff Of the wheat
flower and at nee begin TO grow. Inc
tiny threads CO the smut enter the
wheat oyary or young grain and pen
citrate to the embryo or little wheat
plant. Here the smut plant grows
without forming spores. When the
grain is ripe there is a sound ana
healthy looking kernel which contains
smut threads. that may develop loose
smut the next season.
by a comparison Of the life histo-
ries Of stinking and loose smut Of
wheat, it can be readily seen that the
loose smut is much harder TO kill be-
cause OF It's location IN relation - me
seed. III the sinking smnt there II
an external infection by spores that
can be readily reached; while in the
loose smut there is an internal infec-
tion hy a smut plant that can De
reached only with difficulty. Another
point 10 notice is. hat there IS NOT
the danger Of infection by handling
the grain after harvest, from loose
smut spores as in the case Ct SUNK
ing smut. "All Of the infection by
loose smut takes place in the field be-
fore harvest. Sound seed Of wheat,
when mixed With loose smut spores,
win not get this loose smut, but II
sound seed is mixed with sinking
smut. it will produce sinking smut al
most without fail. Threshfng ma
chimes cannot. therefore, spread the
loose smut. while they certainly can
spread sinking smut. tBulletln u
u. OF Minn.).
From the above it can be seen that
lin the treatment OF the seed the smut
plant must he killed IN some manner.
and vet this treatment must not XII
the young wheat plant IN the embryo
Of the seed. This can be done BY a
rigid method. known as the Jensen
!. a"aa;fna ~ uatar treatment This
.aaa+ = sa,ore since II is ant to
j iniure the terminating power or the
seed. II il also very hard to perform
! &C., +,oa+n,ant tho GRAIN should al
- Is +a..aa ~ datar,ninp inst what
] nan+ III hean killed and ther
af,ars..oo sbal51d IL made for this If
s3a.tt.u ~ has+ nav ia avoid loose
sr,r+ &c 81 sat saad from fields tina.
.aro l..,au3, s,t IN contain i loose
s,,,s, a4a tbat we're not located neaI
,,,.4e3 eo1as of the same kind o
| -.o,
Tma,4 ooea e,,u4 of Wheat.
r.. awa robneon in pullef}l
]. .-s a44to. ~ D-snarfa5en of Arricul
! asansaa,,a M following meth
- a. +..a.47a.nt - loose sm3t O
.,d I~,arla,-
: ..r1#an .aea sho5Ia ha soaked fo
8 4..o IS, .av4,, barr4 Is water d
a.ai..t- rn3n1ratnra IL degrees [,
i ~ dea.aas 4 f64 degrees To -2 ae
] preoe 81, Il should III placed i
s s,,an loose saeks n. wire baskets cor
. taini.e moi more than opeahalf pee
II ANN ara draf9ad far \ short time. /
4 III ~ orsatest ipnorfauce that III
SOD 10 fraata. iu sf5alI lots in orde
tr.f a4f af tha Grain MAY he auicll
7 and nniforn51y brought to tie desire
2 TOM sea+nre Two tubs or watts Of vi
S tar s6on]d no provided. In one tn
~ 81 fbn enact temperature +,
= oriraa sbonld 10 maintained The oil
or tuh. no ~ Is used for bringing III
8 crain ~ Inc temnerafure of the trea-
J NOM III III NOT Is lower the temper:
~ turo "a tnb No . Galvanized iron tub
e Ia "a Ia Al Gallons eapacity and ker,
= zane. ar easoIjna donhle-hurner stove
= ora sufficient for treatment ri
e d,ainod eacks or baskets of see