The Salt Lake tribune. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1890-current, 1913-09-28

as the composition Of the culture
medium was not modified
How the medium affected the rate
Of proliferation, or cell-reproduction,
was studied IN two series Of expert
ments- In the first series DR.. Carrel
placed fragments Of tissue Of known
activity In media of different COM
positions. In the second series strains
of cells Of varied conditions Of
activity were placed in media Of the
same composition. By measuring
the growth Of the fra agments Of It's
sue which had been living under
these different conditions for several
generations 1t was possible to ascer-
tain in what manner the media af-
fected the development Of the tissue.
AS result Of these experiments
Or. Carrel drew the following con-
clusions:
When connective tissue cells have
been cultivated for a certain length
Of time In medium which has been
repeatedly changed, q definite rela-
tion arises between the rate OF
growth of the cells and the compo-
sltion Of the medium
1T is possible, by adding to the
culture medium given quantity Of
certain substances, such as embry-
onic juices, to foresee the extent TO
which fragment Of tissue composed
Of given strain of cells will in
crease in q given time The rate Of
growth Of strain Of cells can be &C.
celerated OF retarded by the addi-
tlon to the medium Of acttyating or
retarding substances
ga knowledge Of the characteris-
tics Of the growth of connective It's
sue described has led to a new re-
sult-the indefinite proliferation Of
d strain of connective tissue cells
outside Of the organism.
The strain Of connective tissue
originally obtained from a fragment
Of chick embryo heart, which had
been pulsating in vitro for 1O4 days,
was still actively alive after sixteen
months Of Independent life and more
than 100 passages. ca passage, 1t
may be explained, Is transfer Of the
cell from one medium to another, a
process the necessity for which is
hereafter explalned)
"The rate Of proliferation Of the
connective tissues sixteen months
old equalled and even exceeded that
OF fresh connective tissue taken from
an eight-day-old embryo.
1t appears, therefore, that time
has no effect on the tissues isolated
from the organism and preserved by
means Of the technique above de.
scribed.
During the sixteenth month of life
In vitro the cells increased rapidly
IN number and were able In a short
time to produce a quantity Of new
tissue. This fact, therefore, definite
ly demonstrates that the tissues were
not In state Of survival. as was the
case In certain earlier experiments,
but in condition of real life, since
the cells Of which they were COM
posed, like micro-organisms, multi.
Piled Indefinitely In the culture me.
dium."
There is great deal Of signtf1-
canoe In DR.. CarrePs observation that
the rate Of proliferat.on Of the con-
nect1Ve tissue sixteen months old
not only equalled but exceeded that
or fresh connective tissue taken from
an eight-day-old embryo It indicates,
indeed, that even at this early stage
in the study OF prolonging cellular
life, scientists have been able to pro-
duce medium which, II anything,
improves upon the medium In which
nature grows cells. This Is due, of
course, to the fact that the medium
used By the scientists in their exper-
iments is protected to great extent
from the poisonous substances which
harass cells In the living organism.
In the course OF these experiments
It appeared, Of course, that the proc
ess OF growth among the cells In
vitro produced. as Il does in the
parent organism, certain poisons.
These catabolic substances, ns they
are called. accumulate In the human
system and are responsible for the
death Of human celia To protect th0