davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1913-12-23
Mountain of Mail
Reaches Postoffce

Sixtynnc sacks out and eghtytwo establish record
the local postoce that will show what small force Of willing
clerks can do when they enthusiastic in the performance of vol
nary service
The parcels post that in this morning made pile half
the high ceiling Of the distributing department
the Of the young lady clerks sink away
oena Nevertheless they tackled the stack and after half
hour Their efforts began make impression and the incoming
stuff bgm to show slight dmnuton However the clerks stuck
the Job and by they had cleaned up the of the
sacks and were handing out packages at the Of five minute
to recipients.
An idea Of the business handled in the Tonopa Office
be CLEANED from the statement that the sale of stamps
small denominations yesterday aggregated 3280 This did
cude of the big mining companies who buy envelopes and
stamps in large quantities. but the from send
ing out Christmas business and the ordinary letter mail
Train No "a from the north which makes all the connections
with the trains Ilazen hour late owing
said loss of time taking Of the pooce business The
quantity Of sacks could not be handled the regular postoe
which equal to storing such Of matter and
half the bulk taken care Of in the baggage
Wells Fargo has out of business persons
think but going ahead doing limited of carrying
the old stand This morning the outward bound express
cpd big truck loads and the receipts almost equally
large
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1913-12-23
SIERRAS CLAD
IN DEEP SNOW
BY BIG STORM
STILL sToRMlNe, A MESSAGE
SAYS 49, BAROMETER LOW
AND MORE PROMISED.

with heavy snow reported in the
mountains west OF Reno and the ba
rometer at 2495, lower than it has
been for two years. more cause for
qualification appears today in a
weather forecast of rain or snow to-
night and Tuesday, says the Reno
Gazette.
It is believed the critical stage in
the water shortage is now entirely
past. Reports today from Tahoe City
are to the effect that a foot and a
half of snow fell there last night.
All day yesterday and throughout
the night and early today the storm
in the mountains was exceptionally
heavy. railroad men said today.
At Summit the operator who keeps
tab on the depth Of snow said, as the
express train went through, that the
snow was 3S inches deep on the level
This means IA inches of new snow.
In Reno q drizzling rain coming on
early this morning melted much Of
the snow that had fallen. Yesterday
sleigh bells were heard throughout
the day and small boys were coasting
on sleds wherever there was a hill
worthy the name, but the mild tenn
perature and rainfall prevented a con.
tinuation Of these winter sports to.
day.
Weather reports show that the
storm was central over northern Cali
fornia and was general throughout
central California and northward
along the coast San Francisco re
ported 1.12 inches Of rain and Los An
geles only a trace. Sacramento re
ports .32 Of an inch of rain. Winnie
mucca reports .OS of an inch Of snow
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1913-12-23
LAS VEGAS TEAM
ARRIVES AFTER
DEFEATING
GOLDFIELD
TONoPAH cHALLENGERS WILL
HAVE THEIR METTLE TEST
ED TONIGHT.

Wearing with becoming modesty
the laurels Of a victory last evening
over the Goldfeld team, The Las
Vegas basketball boys arrived this
morning and went into camp at the
Mizpah. They defeated Goldfield by
a score of 32 TO 90 During the fore.
noon they took. some light practice
To accustom themselves to the local
fioorsand baskets This evening they
win meet the Tonopah high school
team In the first game of the season
10 be played IN this camp against an
outside team. The Las Vegas players
arc a husky lot of youngsters, are in
excellent training and have back Of
them the experience Of several games
already this fall.
BESIDES the main game. another in
teresting event on the evenings pro
gram viii be an interclass game be
tween the two girls teams composed
Of the sophomores and seniors and
the freshmen and juniors of the Tono-
pah high. This game will be played
first The program will begin at 1880
o'clock. The games will be over by
9. and dancing will take place from
then until l2 Parker & Fife's or
chestra has been engaged and excel
lent music and a jolly dance are as
sured.
The lineup Of the Las Vegas boys
who are IN charge Of Prof Charles
Overman, formerly OF the Goldfield
schools, and now principal Of the
Clark county high school Is: Vernon
Delameter captain, guard; Bryan
Bunker, guard; Lemoud Thomas, cen
ter; Leon Ronnow, forward; John
Kramer, forward; Joseph Caughlan
substitute.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1913-12-23
WILLIAM TURLEY, MONO
PIONEER, PASSES AWAY

Word was received in this city yes
terday announcing the death of VIII
liam Turley at the county poor farm
near Bridgeport, in Mono county The
deceased was one of the pioneer resi-
dents Of Mono county, moving 70
that section during the boom days Of
Bodie, and for long number Of
years was known as one Of the best
mill men of that section Prior to
moving to Bodie he resided in
Washoe, where for a number of years
he was engaged in the butcher bust
ness. His funeral will take place to.
day in Bodie under the auspices Of
the Masonic lodge, Of which he had
long been a member
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1913-12-23
OLD BONANZA
PLANT IS GOING
TO HAVE MILL
SAN FRANCISCO PEOPLE HAVE
FINANCED A cANDELARlA
PROPOSITION.

The old camp of Candelaria is
again coming to the front. says the
Western Nevada Miner. A contract
has been let for a modern milling
plant and the actual work Of con
struction is under full headway, the
work being under the supervision Of
f. G. CRUDE, who has had charge of
the companys holdings in that camp
for the past several years.
The men who are behind the prop
osition are Higginbottom and Threl-
fall, prominent capitalists and bust
ness men of San Francisco, Mr..
Threlfall recently visited the camp
and looked over the camp and the
company's holdings thoroughly and
was highly pleased with the outlook.
While here he gave orders for the
construction of the plant to be pushed
ahead as fast as possible. The prop
ostion is adequately financed and all
the necessary funds for carrying on
the work to completion are now in
the bank. Manager CRUDE recently
visited San Francisco for consul
tation with the directors of the com
pany. Upon his return home Mr.
CRUDE announced that there would
be no delay in the construction and
that the plant would be put in com
mission at an early date.
The properties included in the dea
are the Mount Diablo and other prop
critics owned by CRUDE and Palmer
In early days these properties were
heavy producers of high-grade silvel
ores. Recent development work hal
shown up some extensive new or,
bodies from which a number of car
load shipment have been made ii
the past few months.
With this mill in operation the ol,
bonanza camp of Candelaria, with al
accredited production in the earl
days of SS,0OO,OOO, will again TAX
its rightful position with the othe
of Neyada's producing camps.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1913-12-23
FOUR CANDIDATES TAKE
TEACHERS EXAMINATIONS

Four candidates for teachers Ger.
tificates are taking the examinations
at the Tonopah high school They are
Miss Della Gilbert of Tonopah, Miss
Hilda Surwison of Currant and Miss
Frances Grosyenor and Miss Florence
Mcmillan of Sharp, New, Both Sharp
and Currant are in the western end Of
the county and the latter two girls
have been teaching temporarily for
three months each
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1913-12-23
TEACHER LEAVES
FOR SPRINGFIELD
MANUAL TRAINING TEACHER RE.
- MOVES TO LlNCoLN'S OLD
HOME.

A. c. Blair, in charge of manual
training at the high school, has re.
signed, and viii leave Tonopah on
Christmas morning for the purpose
OF accepting position as assistant to
the director of manual training in the
schools Of Springfield, Ill. The latter
position does not carry the same sal
airy as paid in Tonopah, but the
change was deemed advisable by Mr..
Blair, as his wife cannot live in this
altitude, owing to heart trouble. The
vacancy has not been filled. Mr.,
Blair came here from Eugene, Ore
and his home is in Newark. Ohio.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1913-12-23
DECLARES SENATOR OWENPARTY
To GIGANTIC CONSPIRACY tn
PUT BANKS UNDER POLITICS
ny Associated Press.1

WASHINGTON Dec 28 the
speaker attached and the President Wilson madh a
t. rdto anuar
o he Inference whi housdel
n senaea TO b working
Smoohly
a 1 tonght~ three
0 atm the
sgretngs nsouhen
in ne nE ral reserve stem
al Owen sam he anted his
0 the trag1r
the t
Brstow declared he believed h
he oras gsit pc me
he dnowa the
become a debating soty
N an m Iak andt woadp
greatly eraly b h his Owen dene
when the currncyd 10 b
Congress has been in session since Aprl7
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1913-12-23
WILL HUNT AT LIBERTY,

Among the hunting parties leaving
camp this morning was that com.
posed of Jack Whitman, Jack Re
ianovich, James Jago and Clarence
Wernse, bound for Liberty Rejano-
vich is really a grand duke in dis.
guise, the champion rifle shot Of Rus.
sta, and accompanies the party in the
capacity Of sharpshooter to protect
the "eats" from the inroads OF the
hungry coyote
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1913-12-23
JUST A SIMPLE CORRECTION
BY BOYS WHO KNOW
70 the Tonopah Daily Bonanza:

To the Tonopah Daily Bonanza:
In recent issue Of your paper you
stated that when you get down to
the quintessence of facts an ounce Of
gold is worth $2O67lS34, which is
correct, as far as it goes, but the alb
solute correct price of an ounce of
gold as standardized by Uncle Sam
is 2O.671SS4625S22997416O2O671SS4625
S22997416O20671SS4625s22997416O ad
nfinitum Yours very truly,
Belmont Milling Office Force
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1913-12-23
GONE TO SAN FRANCISCO
TO SELECT CLOTH STOCK

w. D. Elliott, the merchant tailor,
has gone to San Francisco for the
purpose of laying in new supply Of
cloth stock to be used in his mer-
chant tailoring store in Tonopah, He
will be away for the next couple Of
weeks and after the first Of the year
will have the finest assortment OF
goods shown in this camp.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1913-12-23
JOHNSON CASE SET FOR TRIAL

The case Of Roxa s Johnson VS..
w. S. Johnson in which Judge Crit
fin and Sweeney & Morehouse are
counsel for the plaintiff and Judge
Massey and p. NJ. Bowler are counsel
for the defendant, has now been set
down peremptorily for trial on Febru-
ary 3, 1914, before Judge Harrington
in the federal court
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1913-12-23
ESMERALDA COUNTY
GETS BANK DEPOSIT

CARSON CITY, Dec. 23.--Late this
afternoon decisions were handed
down by the supreme court denying
the appeals of Receiver Frank l..
Wildes in the cases of Esmeralda
county and Sheriff ingalls, versus the
State Bank and Trust company De.
cisions practically admit Esmeralda
county and Sheriff Ingalls, are enti.
tied to the money.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1913-12-23
MRS. ADDISON RECEIVES NOTICE
OF DEATH OF slsTERIN.LAW

Mrs. f. II Addison received a tele.
gram this morning announcing the
death of her brothers wife, Mrs 10
seph Tufts, at Tabor Alberta, Can
ada. She was formerly a resident OF
Bear Lake, Utah, and leaves family
OF seven children Death was due to
the effects of an operation performed
a month ago.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1913-12-23
l. W. W. RAID RESTAURANT.

PORTLAND, Ore Dec. 29.-Two
restaurants were stormed yesterday
by gangs of men led by Industrial
Workers Of the World, who announc.
ed that they were without money and
must be fed.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1913-12-23
LOPEZ KEEPS
UTAH OFFICERS
MYSTIFIED
NO ONE KNOWS WHETHER THE
BANDIT is DEAD OR
ALIVE.


NY AssOcInted Fress.J
BINGHAM, Utah, Dec, 23.-There
are no indications whether Lopez is
entombed in the Utah-Apex No de-
velopments have been made since the
18th, when bulkheads were erected at
the entrance, in an effort to trace the
slayer of six men, who, it is believed,
took refuge in the mine His career
of crime began November 81, when he
killed a fellow Mexican. Then he
killed five pursuers.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1913-12-23
LYDoN AND BARTLETT
FIGHT XMAS AFTERNOON

Lydon and Bartlett will appear in
the ring Christmas afternoon at 3
o'clock at the Casino, where they are
matched to go for ten rounds. The
full six-pieoe orchestra Of the Casino
win appear, reinforced by several
new players The new cornetist is
said to be a dandy, and he will favor
the crowd with a number Of choice
solos.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1913-12-23
MIDWAY GETS
LOW VALUES IN
THE CROSS-CUT
ENTER THE LEDGE AND FIND
ASSAYS RUNNING ABOUT
FIVE DOLLARS.

Superintendent Douglas reports an
improvement in the Midway to ac-
count for the better tone manifested
in the local stock market yesterday
and today. On the 1200foot level
south of the shaft in the cross-cut
they are six feet in the ledge carry
ing values of about SIS. The quartz
is pretty lively looking.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1913-12-23
PUBLIC SERVICE BOARD
AGAIN CHANGES DATE

The public service commission sent
word this morning that the members
could not take up the Tonopah sewer
case nor the Tonopah fire protection
matters before January 8, at which
time they will be here, unless parties
to the hearing ask for further post
ponement of the time.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1913-12-23
"WHlTE SLAVE" MOVIES
TOO BAD FOR CAPITAL

WASHINGTON, Dec. 2S.-The au.
thorities stopped the production Of
white slave" moving pictures at two
local theaters yesterday This action
was made after a board Of censors
had declared that the films were al
together too bad" for Washington
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1913-12-23
CONGRESSMAN ROBERTS
COMES WEST FOR HEALTH

WASHINGTON, Dec 2s- Repre-
sentative Roberts Of Nevada, who has
been seriously IN here, will leave the
hospital tomorrow and go to Califor-
mia He probably will go to Pleas
ant Grove, sutter county. to recuper-
ate from his long illness.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1913-12-23
NO INCOME TAX
FROM RICH WOMAN
suFFRAelsT REFUSES TO PAY
UNTIL SHE GETS REPRE-
SENTATIoN.
INV A..oclntea rre--l

NEW YORK, Dec, 23,-Doetor Anna
Shaw, a suffragist, has refused to pay
the income tax She announced she
will fight the law, Instead of obeying
the request to make the income tax
statement, she replied
Taxation without representation is
tyranny
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1913-12-23
rEMPERATuRE REPORT.

Highest temperature yesterday 27
degree; a year ago, 2S.
Lowest temperature last night, Is
degrees; a year ago, 21.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1913-12-23
CURRENCY BILL Is A LAW-CONGRESS ADJOURNS
senator BrsOw Makes Sensational Allegations About Mexico
Mexico Too Poor
for Santa Claus
. BY Associated Press.

. BY Associated Press
. MEXICO CITY, Dec. %, 4
y forts to arrange holiday festiyi- I
. ties are feeble. All Mexicans
= are impoverished and mer-
= chants are unable TO stock
= their stores because Of the
. high import duty Usually I
= Christmas and New Years are I
= a season Of great festivities in
= Mexico.
. e % . = = . . I
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1913-12-23

Plans have been filed for the CON
struetion of home for willard D..
Straight at Fifth avenue and Ninety
fourth street, New York, to cost
100000.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1913-12-23
More Boys Mixed
In Murder Case
. BY Associated Press.

= LOS ANGELES. Dec 23. =
= Further statements of Bundy =
. convinced the police that other .
= boys are implicated in the .
. murder of ziesche, as the out .
= come Of robbery plot One .
. other boy has been arrested =
= and others are sought. .
80 A~~A A~~N~NNN~ = =
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1913-12-23

President Wilson is confined to the
executive mansion with a cold
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1913-12-23

Location notices for sale at the
Bonanza office.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1913-12-23

SNynlnc sacks out and eghtytwo in establish record for
the local pooice that will show what willing
clerks do when they enthusiastic performance of vol
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1913-12-23
THE WEATHER

Cloudy tonight, Wednesday fair.
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1913-12-27
49,
LOW TONES ARE A SEDATIVE
PItee' the Voice Deep When Under
Nervous Tension and seIf-control
Is Gained.

An excellent sedative for nervous
excitement Is found In using the voice
at Its Lowest comfortable key. Imme-
diate relief. from suffering is often
obtained by dropping the voice from
high pitch to a lower tone Teachers
whose pupils become restless and un-
ruly as they themselves grow tired
and nervous will find that low
pitched, quiet tone will relieve their
own nervous tension, and prove Won
derfully Quieting to their pupils.
!: This simple expedient is also USE
full when you are trying to control or
prevent weeping. There are times
when a person fears to talk lest he
break down and cry, yet must answer a
question or carry on a conversation.
Again, the deep lower tones of the
voice, Joined to slow, deep breathing,
come to the rescue, and self'eontrol ia
gained,
In any situation where one must
struggle for self-possession, the low
pitched voice, with its impression OF
poise and self-confdence, is a. wonder
full aid. Even under ordinary circum-
stances the lower register of the speak
ing voice Is richer and more musical.
Youths Companion.
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1913-12-27
WHY WE DETEsT PARASITES
Feeling OF Instructive RevuIsion Is
Justified, for They Are Carriers
of Disease.

The feeling OF instructive revu1sion
against parasites Of all kinds which
characterizes humanity generally, and
which is due to something much more
than the mere pain or annoyance that
their bites might fnfict, become more
interesting as further discoveries show
the role Of insects in the spread of
disease
Unfortunately this natural abhor-
renee has not been enough to protect
man under conditions OF poverty and
uncleanliness from harboring such par
asitas, and now those who understand
how much more than mere personal
annoyance is in question from the ex-
iste nee of parasites must take up the
problem to eradicate them.
The possibility of the bedbug con-
veying relapsing fever, typhoid and
leprosy has been suggested and ap-
parcntly there is no parasite of man
that may not be a mode of disease
conveyance. Flies, feas, mosquitoes
and bugs not only are all under sus-
picion, but most of them are also
actually demonstrated as ordinary and
frequent conveyors of diseases Of va
rious kinds
Health authorities must now take
Up the problem of getting rid Of in
sect parasites in order to stamp out
disease. - From the Journal Of the
American Medical Association.
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1913-12-27
MILK INSPECTION IS NO FUN.
Incident showing How Has& It 10 TO
Force Sanitary RuIvs gu Dirty
People.

The trials and tribulaticns of milk
inspector trying to forca insanitary
people to live according to sanitary
rules are shown in the issue of the
HeaIthologist. the official organ of
the Milwaukee health department.
The story follows:
A Milwaukee milk inspector during
a farm inspection, came upon place
hopeless1y filthy, disorderly and run
down. A motherly person with a big
heart, but firm and weird convictions,
listened to the young mans sugges-
tons. Then looking over her spec
tacles pityingly, she said:
boy, my mother was ninety-seVen
years old when she died. She was
dirtier than I am, and lived in a
dirtier house and drank dirtier milk.
If she could stand it guess there
amt no reason why I and the city
folks that get milk from this farm
can't stand it too"
And not being able to answer that
argument, the milk inspector left her
kindly Withal, but yet voicing her
indignation over them there new
tangled idees of cleanliness"
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1913-12-27
cURIos FOR THE CHILDREN
One Room In Smithsonian institution
Filled With Objects of Interest to
Young Folk.

Among the dim old rooms Of the
Smithsonian Institution, in Washing.
ton, Is one very bright and CHEEKY
apartment, over the arcLway Of which
are the words "Children's Room" Here
there are arranged all sorts Of natural
objects In which boys and girls are in.
terested, such curious things as min
eral wool, flexible sandstone, land
scape marbles, a model of the Great
Mogul, the largest diamond ever cut,
and another of the largest lump Of
gold ever found.
In another case are the strange
glove and finger sponges and the Ve-
nus flower basket, and over a case of
beautiful shells is one of iridescent
and brightly hued butterflies.
How creatures hide is illustrated by
walking leaves" the night hawk,
crown creepers, walking stick and
other queer creatures that are scarce
to be detected because OF their clever
adherence to leaves, twigs and other
objects of similar coIoring.
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1913-12-27
NOTICE TO DEPosIToRs
Bank of DonaIdsonville.

NOTICE is hereby given to all persons. firms
IN or corporations whose names appear as de-
positors on the books of the Bank of Donaldson
vile, now in liquidation, calling upon them to
present their claims for deposits to the State
Examiner of State Banks, or to John S. Thibant.
special agent to the examiner, at the Bank of
Ascension in Donaldsonvil1e, La, On the 4th day
of March, 1914.
This notice, published and mailed according
sent their claims for adjustment, so that they
may share equitably and ratably in the distribu-
ton of assets. w. T.. YOUNG
State Examiner of State Banks.
Donaldsonville La. Nov. %, 1918.
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1913-12-27
sHERiFF,s SALE.
State of Louisiana-Parish of Ascen
sion-T Twenty Seventh Judicial
District Court.
Mrs. George Bartho1omaus
VS.. No. 2098
Louis Mollere

" 81. W.. AUJc
Louis MoIlere
- Y VIRTUE OF and in obedience
~ to a writ of fieri facias, issued
iby the above named court in the
above entitled and numbered cause,
and to me directed, I have seized
and taken into my possession, and
will offer for sale at public auction
to the last and highest bidder, ac-
cording to law, at the principal
front door Of the courthouse OF the
parish of Ascension, in the town
Of DonaldsonVille on
SATURDAY, DEC. 81, 1913,
at IL o'clock a. NJ, the following de-
seribad property, to-Wit:
A certain one-story frame, single
roof building. now occupied by Isidore
Delete, said building being on lot
No. 4, square No. 81, in Port Barrow,
parish Of Ascension.
Terms and conditions-Cas in
United States currency.
q. c. HANSON,
Sheriff, Parish of Ascension.
Donaldsonville, La, Dec. Is, 1913.
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1913-12-27
Thumbs In Social Customs.

Few persons realize how Important
3 role the thumb has played In the
social customs Of the people.
Erskfne records that among certain
classes Of people in Scotland the final
settlement of a bargain was always
signalized by the licking and Joining
Of thumbs
se1den says that kissing the thumb
was characteristic of servility. The
clergy, the rich and the great, were In
receipt of this honor from tradesmen.
From remotes times the practice OF
licking the thumb has been regarded
as a solemn pledge or promise, exist
Ing, according to Tacitus and others,
among the Goths, the Ibersans and the
Moors, and 1T may also be traced
through successive periods down to
the present time.