East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1913-03-19
The Advantages Of Manual Training
BY. @. f. Chloupek, Instructor O

In discussing the advantages OF
Manual Training, the four systems
the Russian system, the Sloyd system,
the Arts and Crafts movement, and
the Industrial phase, should receive
consideration.
The first concerted effort along In
dustrial lines was seen in the Russian
system which occupied the field, In
America, together with the Sloyd sys-
tenn, in the eighties and early nine
ties. This movement was an attempt
to abstract the processes common TO
the wood and iron working trades and
teach these processes as processes. III
had no distinct value as 1t did not
teach social relationship nor did IL
give opportunity for initiative or
choice of pursuit The best that can
be said of it was that it tended to es-
tablish certain habits and added GER
tain desirable accomplishments.
The Sloyd system was an effort TO
re-establish home industries. 1t en-
deavored to preserve the conscious
ness of the home groups but 1t ala
not go far enough. The system was
not democratic in its origin as 1t
tended to keep classes separate. Poor
children were to make anly thlnss
useful in the kitchen while chliureh
of wealth were to make ornaments
and toys The results were not very
artistic.
The Arts and Crafts movement was
an effort to make art a common pos
session through hand work. Ethical
in it's value but narrow. 1t begrudged
man the use of power and machinery
because man was not big enough to
use these for the common good.
IT created a demand for handwork
It bettered the design and workman
ship of our books, textiles, furniture
pottery and household utensils but IL
did not touch our modern products OF
plumbing, lighting, our buildings IN
concrete and steel manufacturing
plants, and our systems of transpor-
tation and communication. Its value
Law largely in connection with the
home group, in that ii created an in
terest in the home by the making oil
things to beautify the home and II
made for a consciousness of belong
ing to a group which was making the
world a more beautiful place to live
in.
Industrial training, which now oc-
cupies the field is a study of ana a
participation in the industries for the
sake of a growing social conscious
ness and an ability to take ones place
in the social scale as wage Garner.
Because we are in an age of mod
ern machinery, bechanics and elec-
tricity, industrial training is impera'
tive because the methods or motives
pursued in the home are insufficient
When home was the center of indus
try such training was sufficient, ou'
the training of the child because OF
advanced industrial work, and meth
DDS and sociay activities, must now
be taken up by a larger group.
Our own inventions have created ar
| environment for which we are moi
vet fitted. We have devised advanced
industrial machinery and as far as
our educational system is concerned
we are just emerging from medieVa
ways of thinking. Our training does
| not match our material resources.
One value of Manual Training is in
the pointing out of the fact thai
that there must be someone to do the
actual work and produce wealth be-
fore anybody can acquire it, that the
work, by brain and hand, of trans
| forming material resources into hu'
namely useful materials is fundament'
al and must continue no matter wha'
devices or tricks of trade may enable
one group of men to appropriate
what others produce.
Thus. no matter what comment ma!
be made on any other subjects in the
schools Manual Training, both DO
mestic and industrial, constantly calls