davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Pullman herald. [volume] (Pullman, W.T. [Wash.]) 1888-1989, 1913-04-18
Hon 10 Make Delicious Biscuit,

For biscuits let us select pastry flour,
a good sweet shortening, double-raise
baking powder and sweet milk or water.
Milk is to be preferred, as it browns
the biscuits better. First, measure cor
rectly and sift together at least three
times, the -four, salt and baking powder.
1t is important to blend the baking pow
der thoroughly with the flour. Then
with fork or the finger tips work the
shortening thoroughly into the flour and
mix to a soft dough with the milk or
water-just as soft as can be handled.
Roll out very lightly, or better, spread
and pat the dough out thin with the
hands. Handle as little as possible after
wetting. Then cut in small shapes for
the oven, for small biscuits are very
much better than large ones. If baked
quickly, as biscuits should be, large
biscuit does not get the proper heat TO
raise and bake the center of the biscuit.
A small biscuit raises perfectly, bakes
better, is more palatable, and is easier
to digest.
Biscuits should always be baked on
sheet or in a very shallow pan, as the
biscuits should be above the sides of the
pan in order TO have the heat get to
them quickly. If baked in a deep pan
the sides shut off the heat, and the bis
cults are likely to flatten out and run
together and have heavy centers. Never
Copyright IsisGy Jagslss Mfg. Co.
Mt yV.eIs,s. 4 80
Pullman herald. [volume] (Pullman, W.T. [Wash.]) 1888-1989, 1913-04-18
TILLAGE NOTE
By Prof l. D. CHARLTON, in The Washington Agricultural

soil In such way as to give better re-
suits we of course can not tell.
In 1911 a German who was in the
truck business on a small scale con-
ceived the idea that if he could grind
and thoroughly mix his soil that he
would have better results. Having a
small grinder in one of his out build
ings he took few inches of the top
soil of his garden and ran it through
his grinder, after which it was replaced
in the garden. The increase in pro-
duction of the soil more than paid him
for the cost of the operation. So we
see that it may be possible to make
machines that would give us better
results than we are now getting. In
fact, at the present time there is
machine being tried out in Iowa that
looks something like road roller, with
a driving wheel made ON the principal
Of threshing machine cylinder. The
spikes, or teeth, stick out of the large
wheel about eight or ten inches and
in passing over the ground enter it
about that far; the spikes being curved
so that they will enter the ground bet
ter This curvature of the spikes
causes them to pick up as the wheel
revolves about six or seven inches of
the surface of the ground. This dirt
is thoroughly pulverized and mixed by
a small, rapidly-revolving cylinder
with spikes in it. This cylinder re-
wolves at the rear of the large cylinder
and leaves the dirt in place. So we find
men trying to simplify and improve
the machines that we use for tillage.
At the present time about the only
tool we have that will pulverize and
give a uniform texture to field to
any depth is pillow. We must depend
almost altogether upon this tool for
the increasing of the depth of the soil
We can, after we get the soil turned,
mix, pulverize, or pack the surface or
even pack the sub-surface, but can not
increase the depth of the soil. Recent,
Pullman herald. [volume] (Pullman, W.T. [Wash.]) 1888-1989, 1913-04-18

We find in the study of the different
types of tillage tools that they are de-
signed to do certain definite work
upon the soil, and the type of tool we
use depends upon the kind of soil, con-
dition of the soil, time of year, and
locality. We must perform certain
definite operations upon the soil, de-
pending upon the conditions. In per-
forming these operations or this work
we must know how to select the tools
we use in order to get the best results
from the amount of power we have at
our command. If we are to know how
to select the tools we must first know
what operations we are going to par
form on the soil in order that we re-
ceive the largest returns. Following is
a list of conditions which are produced
by tillage tools:
l. Produce in the field uniform
texture to such depth as will render
the most plant food available.
2. Add to the humus of the soil by
blowing under green crops and other
vegetable matter to such depth as not
to hinder further cultivation.
3. Destroy and prevent the growth
of weeds which would tend to rob the
crops of food and moisture.
4. Modify the condition of the soil
In such a way as to regulate the
amount of moisture retained and the
temperature of the soil.
5. Provide such condition OF the
soil as to prevent excessive action OF
the rain by washing, and OF the WIND
by drifting.
If we study the farm implements
that are on the market we find that we
can select machines or combinations OF
machines that will perform In most
cases one or more of the operations
mentioned. Whether they are In all
cases the best possible machines for
applying the work or whether 1t woulo
be possible to invent new machines OF
a different kind that would handle the
Pullman herald. [volume] (Pullman, W.T. [Wash.]) 1888-1989, 1913-04-18

bacteria, are constantly at work. The
majority of these organisms are chiefly
concerned IN reducing and celebrating
all the elements of plant nutrition to a
condition in which they will serve as
food for plants; a few assume symbi-
otlc or joint existence with some OF the
higher plants and thus aid directly In
their nutrition; others again appear to
be purely neutral in their action, while
some, under certain conditions, are
quite destructive of the food stored in
the soil. That these organisms may
work to the best advantage and that the
functions OF the roots and vital pro-
cesses OF the living cells of the higher
plants may be performed, it is essen
tial that proper physical environment,
within the soil, as to texture, moisture,
temperature and air, be maintained.
The texture of the soil largely de-
termines the availability of the plant
food which it contains. The surface
presented to the action of roots and soil
organisms is much greater in a condi-
ton of fine filth than when the soil is
hard, unbroken and otherwise not suf-
ticiently pulverized. Different crops,
and even successive stages within the
same crop, demand quite different de-
grees of soil moisture to bring them to
perfect maturity. The supply of air to-
gether with moisture, and the condition
as to temperature, very largely deter
mine the intensity of the biological and
chemical processes constantly taking
place within the soil, and by which
plant food is produced and rendered
available.
Finally, the soil is the home of the
plant and as such requires that proper
balance, between all factors, which is
necessary to normal growth and devel-
opment. The problem is not simple
one; the food, the water, and all
physical, chemical and biological condi-
lions affecting these are all variables
and are greatly influenced by the kind
OF crop, the season, and cultivation,
which are in themselves quite variable.
Undoubtedly, much that is held to be
the truth today is destined to the grave
yard of science. No field of agricul-
tural endeavor offers broader oppor-
tunity for scientific research or greater
reward to experimental effort than this
problem of "Soil Fertility"
Pullman herald. [volume] (Pullman, W.T. [Wash.]) 1888-1989, 1913-04-18
Moisture Requirement

These figures give the quantity of
water actually transpired by the crop
and do not take into consideration the
equally enormous amount that is lost
by direct evaporation from the soil sur
face during the growing period. The
total loss in this way will of necessity
vary with the climatic conditions of the
season and with the nature and the
cultivation of the soil, but under favor
able conditions of season and with the
usual cultural methods, careful investi-
cations have shown that from six to
eight acre-inches additional will be re-
CURED to supply that lost by evapora-
ton.
The soil, however is not merely a
storehouse of food and water for the
plant, receiving the water from pre-
clpitation or irrigation, and the manure
from the farmyard, and returning them
again to the plant by mere mechanical
or chemical methods. 1t is rather a
busy and complex laboratory where
millions of minute organisms, largely
Pullman herald. [volume] (Pullman, W.T. [Wash.]) 1888-1989, 1913-04-18

or Indirectly it is the supply of all our
wants. This ability of the soil to SUD.
ply the necessities of life varies greatly
both as to time and place. The soils
Of the North Atlantic states fail to
produce profitable crops of wheat
while the soils of Washington produce
this crop most abundantly. This diff
ference is not due to climatic condi-
tons, as both localities lie practically
within the same degree of longitude
The difference is in the soil and II ;s
with such differences the student of
agriculture is most largely concerned
On first thought, nothing would seem
simpler than to take representative
samples of these soils, subject them to
chemical analysis and then by artificial
means supply the deficiencies of the
unproductive one. In the early history
of the science of the soil and for con-
siderable period afterward, it was
thought that such chemical analysis
would furnish direct measure of soil
fertility. In such belief we have been
sorely disappointed, for while the re-
suits of chemical analysis sometimes
agree, they quite too often decidedly
disagree with cultural experiences.
This partial failure of science to concur
with practice is not due entirely to a
mistaken theory, but to the present
day, inefficient chemical methods,
which do not reveal the state or condi-
ton of the plant food elements within
the soil, and thus fail to furnish the
measure of availability of such ele-
ments for crop production Further
more, it is recognized and fully appre-
ciated, that the chemical constituents
of the soil are but one of the many fac
tors directly affecting soil fertility.
When it is remembered that all
plants in the green state consist very
largely of water, from IS to over 80 per
cent; that these same plants can take
that portion of their food which comes
from the soil only when in solution;
that soil solutions are always very
weak, and that when measured, the
amount of water actually absorbed by
the plant throughout the period of
Pullman herald. [volume] (Pullman, W.T. [Wash.]) 1888-1989, 1913-04-18
MAN NEW
AMBASSADOR TO ENGLAND

President Wilson has nominated
Walter II. Page. the editor and pub
Usher of New York, for the post of
United States ambassador to Great
Britain. He is a native of South
Carolina and a graduate of Johns
Hopkins University.
Pullman herald. [volume] (Pullman, W.T. [Wash.]) 1888-1989, 1913-04-18

To eliminate the squeak, a Geogia
man has patented hammock hook
that autom atically lubricates itself
with graphite.
Pullman herald. [volume] (Pullman, W.T. [Wash.]) 1888-1989, 1913-04-18

A tricar ambulance which has
speed OF 80 miles an hour and many
good features has been built by
Berlin physician.
Pullman herald. [volume] (Pullman, W.T. [Wash.]) 1888-1989, 1913-04-18
SOIL FERTILITY
By Professor c THoM IN THE WASHINGTON AcRIcTLTURsT

HE whole field of agricul-
ture is based upon the soil.
From it we receive our
food, clothes, and directly
Pullman herald. [volume] (Pullman, W.T. [Wash.]) 1888-1989, 1913-04-18
Recipes Worth Saving


Bokfns P0Udsr Biscuits
Soups pastry -four.
3 tablespoonfuls shortening.
3 level teaspoonfuls X G Baking Powder
About cup Of milk or water.
1teaspoonful salt.
Graham BiscaifS
III cups white -four,
III cups graham four
3 level teas poonfuls X G Baking Powder
3 tablespoonfuls shortening.
level teaspoonful salt.
One cup mix more II needed (Graham usually
requires more milk.D
Dixie Biscuits
Q cups -four.
alevei teaspoonfuls X G Baking Powder.
level tablespoonfuls shortening.
1cup milk.
Roll in sheet u inch thick, spread with buttsr
Fold over half and cut and bake as other biscuits.
Nat Biscuits
2cups -four.
] teaspoonful salt.
2leyel teaspoonfuls X G Baking Powder.
level tablespoonfuls shortening.
70 cup milk.
" cup chopped nuts.
Things 10 Remember
Use pastry -four and double acting baking
Measure materials correctly.
Mix lightly.
Cut in small shapes.
Use a sheet or very shallow pan.
Have the oven very hot
If baking on gas. oil or gasoline stove. bAks ON
upper CRATE; II using wood or coal range. on the
floor Of the oven.
Pullman herald. [volume] (Pullman, W.T. [Wash.]) 1888-1989, 1913-04-18
Things 10 Remember

Next weels's Lesson. CAKES"
News and citizen. [volume] (Morrisville, Vt. ;) 1881-current, 1913-11-26

That your girls are not boys and are
not therefore filed with consuming
ambition to play football.
That your boys are not girls and will
not therefore tax your digestion later
with the nice little things they have
learned to make at cooking school.
That up to date none of the ayiators
have fallen down through your chin
ney fue, filling your drawing room
with yells and SCOT.
That, thanks to the butcher having
refused you a further extension OF
credit, that particular bill won't grow
any bigger.
That, having during the last year lost
the last remnant of your hair. your
capillary attractions have at last ceas-
ed to fall out.
That, your joy riding chauffeur hav-
ing reduced your $1,000 car to scrap
iron, you are relieved of $4,000 an
nual expense in maintaining him
and it.
That. whatever else happens in the
way VI vi dihlhS youI poNhS'cSoN' ~
won't have to draw a check for the
payment of your own funeral expenses.
That your well beloved wife con-
siders her new winter hat a dream
only tread softly lest you both wake
up when the first of the month brings
the whistling postman to your door
with sundry requests from the little
milliner.
That, having remained poor, OBJ
scure nonentity all your days, there is
no temptation for any mean spirited,
envious person to try to pull you down
off your pedestal and prove to pos
terity that you didn't know bean
when you met one.
That. not being a woman, you don't
have to wear hobble skirt to trip you
up when you go walking in public OF
carry your car fare in small porte
monnaie inside a poeketbook. inside a
wallet. wrapped up in handkerchief,
inside a chain bag, inside your muff.
That. not being man. you don't
have to smoke cheap cigars, pretend
ing that you like them better than
those made of real tobacco, or think up
foolishly transparent explanations for
having stayed at the club until 4
o'clock in the morning. - Harper's
Weekly.
News and citizen. [volume] (Morrisville, Vt. ;) 1881-current, 1913-11-26

a cOZy, homelike appearance. They
had left the busy, grinding east in
quest of health for her young husband
who was slowly regaining his lost
strength and vigor in the bracing eli
mate of Colorado. which alone kept
Milly's heart light and hopeful, but in
spite of that joyful fact she could not
dispel a SILVER of loneliness when she
thought of the long, dreary winter be-
fore them.
Pm getting morbid simply for the
want of little company" she said as
she walked down the untraveled road
in the face of the crisp north wind.
'That will never do for you, Milly Ben
net. For Jim's sake, you mustn't give
way to such foolishness."
Suddenly Milly's ear caught the
sound of chopping. which seemed to
come from the hollow beyond the di-
vide. She turned and made her way
easily through the leafless thicket.
walking briskly over the hill and down
the opposite descent until she distinct
ly heard voices. Farther on, at the
edge of a natural clearing. she came
upon a party of travellers camped be-
side newly kindled fire, where lean.
gaunt appearing fellow busted himself
with preparations for the evening meal.
They were eight in ALA rough, I'M
kempt lot. in eathern jackets and
rusty boots. Beside the cook lay bag
of -four. side of bacon and two jugs
stoppered with corncobs.
Milly stopped abruptly when she
found herself observed by the curious
eyes of the eight strangers, then chang
ed her mind and crossed the icy little
brook and made her way toward the
fire.
A big, black whiskered man dropped
his armful of horse feed and looked al
her piercingly. Lost" he asked
brusquely.
mo. | live two miles up the divide
] happened to hear you chopping anC
stopped out of curiosity"
The mans insistent gaze annoyed her
but the forlorn. gaunt appearance Of
the little group melted little throb OF
pity and made her think gratefully OF
her own coy, cheerful little shack
with Jim waiting for her beside thu
glowing hearth.
81 suppose you are simply campini
here for the night" she ventured, look
ing about at the meager comforts o.
the camp.
well. no. answered the blacl
proved man. who impressed her a
once as being spokesman of the party
News and citizen. [volume] (Morrisville, Vt. ;) 1881-current, 1913-11-26
Estate of Judson C. Masure
te Of vermoot-District of Lamoille, IS

State of Vermont-District of Lamoille, IS.
The Honorable Probate Court for the District
of Lamoille.
To all persons interested in the Estate OF Judson
c. Masure late IF Hyde Park, in said District,
deceased, Greeting: -,
At Probate Court. holden at HYDE Park, WIN
Der, 1913, an instrument purportng to be the last
MILL AND TESTAMENT of Iudson L. Masure
late of Hyde Park, in said District deceased, was
presented to the Court aforesaid for Probate.
And it is ordered by said Court that the oth day
of December, I9I3 at the Probate Once, IN saio
HYDE Park, be gned for proving said Instrument
and that notice thereof be gwen to all persons con-
cerned by publishing this order three weeks sue
circulating in that vicinity, in said District, previ-
Gus to the time appointed.
Therefore, you are hereby notified to appear De
fore said Court, at the time and place aforesaid,
and contest the probate of said Will, ii you nave
cause. -,
Gwen under my hand at Hyde Park, IN said
District, this 18th day of November, 1913.
EDWIN c. WHITE, Judge.
News and citizen. [volume] (Morrisville, Vt. ;) 1881-current, 1913-11-26
A VALUABLE SUGGESTION
IMPORTANT TO EVERYONE

1t is now conceded by physicians that
the kidneys should have more attention
AZ they control the other organs to re-
markable degree and do tremendous
amount of work in removing the polsons
ard waste matter from the system by
filtering the blood.
During the winter months especially,
when we live an indoor life, the kidneys
should receive some assistance when
needed, as we take less exercise, drink
less water and often eat more rich heavy
food. thereby forcing the kidneys to do
more work than Nature intended. Evi-
dence of kidney trouble. such as lame
back, annoying bladder troubles, smart
inglo burning, brick-dust or sediment,
sallow complexion, rheumatism, may be
weak or irregular heart action, warns
you that your kidneys require help i'm
mediately to avoid more serious trouble.
Many physicians claim that an herbal
medicine containing no minerals or OPT
ates has the most healing influence. An
ideal herbal compound that has had most
remarkable success as kidney and blad-
der remedy is DR.. Kilmer's Swamp-Root.
You may receive a sample bottle of
Swamp-Root by Parcels Post. Address
DR.. Kilmer & Co., Bipghamton, N. Y,
and enclose ten cents; also mention the
Morrisville Weekly News & Citizen. adv
News and citizen. [volume] (Morrisville, Vt. ;) 1881-current, 1913-11-26
Table Etiquette.

Don't scalp the Indian pudding; cut
straight down.
What is sauce for the goose is also
sauce for the turkey.
This is no day to pick quarrel; try
It on the bones.
Don't try TO paint the table cloth red
with the cranberry sauce.
Out of respect to the fallen gobbler
don't try to gobble everything in sight.
Do not ask for helpings until you can
no longer help yourself
Don't lean on the table: probably the
turkey is lean enough for everybody.
You may rest assured it is in per
fectly good taste to knock the stuffing
out of your appetite baltimore Her
aid.
News and citizen. [volume] (Morrisville, Vt. ;) 1881-current, 1913-11-26
Thanksgiving at
Lonesome Hollow

By FRANCIS A. MILLER
80 EEMS awfully forlorn to eat a
&M Thanksgiving dinner all alone"
" said MiIly soberly, looking over

uHN EEMS awfully forlorn to eat a
%AM Thanksgiving dinner all alone. y
W. said Milly sobery. looking over
at the young fellow who sat
mending harness strap beside the
blazing hearth. Il haven't the heart
to get up big dinner for just us two"
II don't see what else we can do. No
neighbors to invite except old Pete
Sprat, and he wouldn't come. We might
send him something by way of being
neighborly."
And be turned away for our pains"
the woman laughed.
You cant even go out on the high
ways and hedges and gather in stray
glers like the ancient host of Bible
fame. Maybe it is just as well not to
have all the work of getting up a
Thanksgiving dinner, for it seems to
me that you look tired, Milly. What's
the matter?'
Nothing, Jim; guess need little
outing. I'll take run across the
hollow and be back before supper"
Milly put on her cloak and went out
into the crisp autumn afternoon. The
woods were bare except for a few
torchlike flames of red which marked
the presence of an occasional gum tree.
The sky was clear, cold and pallid.
tinged with a greenish glow where the
dark forests trimmed the far horizon.
Not sign of human habitation was
visible, and not sound broke the vast
stiffness save the steady tap-tap of a
woodpecker The loneliness oppressed
Milly strangely. For two years she
had endured it in cheerful silence,
working patiently at whatever her
hand found to do in the rough little
shack, which had gradually assumed
News and citizen. [volume] (Morrisville, Vt. ;) 1881-current, 1913-11-26
Estate of William Cunningham
COMMISSIONERS NOTICE.

The undersigned. having been appointed by
the Honorable Probate Court for the District OF
Lamoille. Commissioners, TO receive, examine,
and adjust all claims and demands of al persons
against the estate of william Cunningham, late
OF Johnson. in said district, deceased aud all
claims exhibited IN Offset thereto hereby give
noticl that we will meet for the PURPOSES atOre.
said at the late residence of VIM. Cunningham,
i'm the town of Johnson, in said District on the
1T dav OF December and eth day of April next.
from 10 O'Clock n. m, until O'Clock p. m. each OF
of October, AID 1913, is the time limited by said
Court for sale creditors to present their claims
TO as for eN ami alton and allowance
Dated at johnson, this 29th day o, o., OGroper,
A, u 1914 HARRY Q. STILES,
MORRIS y. HILL,
Commissioners.
News and citizen. [volume] (Morrisville, Vt. ;) 1881-current, 1913-11-26
Estate of c.. c.. Robinson
COMMISSIONFRs' NOTICE.

The undersigned, having been appointed by
the Honorable Probate Court for the District OF
Lamoille, Commissioners, to receive, examine
and adjust all claims and demands OF all per-
sons against the Estate of G. q. Robinson, lato
of Stowe, in said District, deceased. ard all
claims exhibited in Offset thereto, hereby give
notice that we will meet for the purpose atore'
said at his late residence in the town OF stowe,
in said district, on the 2Sth day OF November,
and 4th day of May next from one O'CLOCK I. Nj.
III til four o'clock P, NJ. on each OF said days.
and that Six Months from the Sd day OF NO,
vember, A. ID. 1913, is the time limited by said
Cou for said creditors to present their claims
to us for EXAMINATION and a lowance
Dated at Stowe, VT, this sth day OF November,
AID. 1913. CHARLES E. BURT,
CHARLES b. PARKER
Co 81 ntaIA