Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1913-08-31

generally divided The end OF the war
brought poverty among the Indians
of the Five Tribes. The Delawares,
Kickapoos. Shawnee Wlchitas Cad
dos Keechis and affiliated tribes fled
to Kansas for protection. While there
smallpox all but decimated their
number, and the death roll was IN
creased to n greater amount by the
subsequent appearance Of cholera
when they started on their return to
their old hunting grounds in the val
ley of the Washta.
When Pacification Came
While this history was transpiring
the tribes Of the plains. the Conan
Ches, KiOwas. Apaches. Chcyennes
and Arapahoes. were busy plundcring,
burning and killing along the entire
frontier. Their depredatlons were
brought to close by the campaign
waged by General Custer In 1868
This marked the beginning of more
pacific state OF affairs in western Ok
lahoma.
by the treaty of the Five Tribes In
1866, agreement was made with the
government for the settlement OF
other friendly tribes upon the reser-
vations lying west of the Creek and
Cherokee Nations. The Shawnees,
Pottawotamies, Sacs and Foxes, the
KiCkapoos, Iowas, OtoeS and MisSurls
Tankawas PonCas, Pawnees, Osages
and Kansas or Kaws, and the larger
part of the Delaware tribe, which had
previously remained in Kansas, were
all moved from the ceded reservations
in Kansas The Delawares, after
moving to the Cherokee country be-
came identified with that tribe.
few members OF the tribe, however,
had accompanied the western tribes
on their return TO the Washita river
valley soon after the civil war.
The OUawas. Senecas, MamiS
Wyandotts. Peorlas, Weas, pianke'
shaws. Modocs and Quapaws were set
tied on small reservations In the nor
thclstcrn part oc Oklahoma territory
Then Came Civilization.
with the extension of railways
across the region between the Missou-
~ river and the Rocky mountains, the
hrfialo began to disappear from th2
plains and then the Indians, living 10y
the bow. arrow and spear, had to re
the to the reservations where they re-
ccNcd agency rations. Railways in
Kansas attracted the patronage OF the
of Cat,le were driven northward in
the srr,nL aud early summer to some
po,nl on tho railway for shipment.
Practically all OF these herds passed
throJon western and central Oklaho
ma. Tine tattlcmCn then saw the un-
used ranges which the bufialo mad
ut,tuttd. and were not long in leasing
InGriu reservation lands. Unassigned
lluus were occupied without the for
msitty OF lease of any kind. Oblaho-
mas Llei pastoral epoch was then
begun.
by the terms Of the treaty OF 1866
between the government and the In
dians of the Five Tribes, that part OF
the Indian Territory bounded on the
north by the Cherokee outlet on the
east by the Indian Meridian, on the
south Ivy the Canadian river, and IN
the west 10y the Cheyenne and Arapa-
no reservation was not assigned 10
any tribe. This tract was named Ok
lahoma. and was known as the 'un-
assigned lands"
The name Oklahoma. however. was
to be made well-nigh household
yord by the work and efforts OF David
l.. Payne to obtain its opening to Dct-
tlement. Captain Payne had cheek
cred career as soldier. legislator. scout
government employe and homestead
ar. He first saw Oklahoma when
campaigning with Custer against the
Chcyennes In 1865. During the ne>t
ten years, he became assistant door
keeper of the House OF Representa-