davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Webster City freeman. [volume] (Webster City, Hamilton County, Iowa) 1884-1946, 1913-06-17

An unimproved eighty acres OF
land near Iowa Falls, just outside
the city limits, sold a few days a go
at public auction at S217 per acre.
That is the record for auction sale
land in this part of Iowa. But it
will be remembered that an unim-
proved forty just inside the city
limits of Webster City, sold last
year at 1925 per acre. This forty
was part Of the Cleveland land
and is about two miles from the
court house.
Webster City freeman. [volume] (Webster City, Hamilton County, Iowa) 1884-1946, 1913-06-17

What has become of the old
fashioned man who would rather
read a speech on the tariff than
glance over the sports page.-Des
Moines Tribune.
Nothing has become of him, be-
cauSe he never existed.
Webster City freeman. [volume] (Webster City, Hamilton County, Iowa) 1884-1946, 1913-06-17

Another thing that doesn't look
lust right in this lobbying business
is that prominent men use the pres
tise given them by the people in
intrusting them with official posi-
ton, to promote the interests OF
private institutions.
Webster City freeman. [volume] (Webster City, Hamilton County, Iowa) 1884-1946, 1913-06-17

One man killed and another one
likely to die is the result of an au-
tomobile accident near Clear Lake a
few days ago when the car was 60
ing about forty miles an hour"
Webster City freeman. [volume] (Webster City, Hamilton County, Iowa) 1884-1946, 1913-06-17

When one is sitting on stick of
dynamite he is not easily tempted to
be unsteady.-Sioux City Journal.
But when he is sitting upon a
tack it is mighty hard to keep him
steady.
Webster City freeman. [volume] (Webster City, Hamilton County, Iowa) 1884-1946, 1913-06-17

Solomon F. Prouty, congressman
from the Seventh Iowa district, adds
his testimony to that of Senator
Townsend and declares that the
president is the prince of lobbyists
and that he is Withholding federal
patronage to use as a club to beat
democrats into line. Taft tried that
on the progressive republicans but
it would not work. However, it
will work on the democrats. What
are they in Washington for, if not
for the offices?
Webster City freeman. [volume] (Webster City, Hamilton County, Iowa) 1884-1946, 1913-06-17

Recently one hundred fifty work
men at Hoboken, y. j., quit work
because their foreman insulted the
American flag. That is one strike
in which the people will side with
the strikers. No self-respectins
worker ought to consent to be boss
ed by a man who does not respect
the flag of his country.
Webster City freeman. [volume] (Webster City, Hamilton County, Iowa) 1884-1946, 1913-06-17

Farmers in Hamilton county who
do not reside along the roads to be
improved under the supervision of
the county will find soon after the
roads are improved that the high
ways leading to and from their
farms need fixing. Then we shall
see an era of road improvement new
er dreamed of before. The germ will
spread the disease all over the coun-
try as soon as the advantages of a
1868 days in the year good road are
fully appreciated
Webster City freeman. [volume] (Webster City, Hamilton County, Iowa) 1884-1946, 1913-06-17

For one supposed to be dead po-
litically, Uncle Joe Cannon can stir
up considerable excitement by mere
ly visiting the city of Washington
-Des Moines Tribune.
But there is a vast difference be-
tween "supposing to be dead politi-
cally" and being dead in fact. Prof.
Taft, at one time president OF the
United States, visited Washington a
few days ago and caused no more
excitement" or interest than the
visit of a township constable. The
and let it go at that.
Webster City freeman. [volume] (Webster City, Hamilton County, Iowa) 1884-1946, 1913-06-17

No paper in the state ever made
more improvement in the same per-
iod of time than has been made by
the Cedar Falls Record since l.. z.
Bladine took possession of it less
than two years ago. The paper has
recently moved into new home,
procured new presses and other
equipment and is now one of the
finest appearing papers in all Iowa.
1t is filled to the brim, too, with
spicy locals, good editorials and
profitable advertising. Mr.. Bladine's
many friends in Webster City are
glad to note these evidences of pros
perity.
Webster City freeman. [volume] (Webster City, Hamilton County, Iowa) 1884-1946, 1913-06-17

The efforts of the Des Moines
Capital to raise enough money in
addition to the $4,000 appropriate
ed by the legislature to send every
old Iowa soldier who wishes to go
to the Gettysburg reunion has been
crowned with success. The Capital
raised by popular subscription 3d.
Ga. $50 old vets have made ap-
plication for transportation and the
Capital has made it possible for
each and every one to be accommo-
dated. The Capital deserves great
credit for its work in this matter.
Webster City freeman. [volume] (Webster City, Hamilton County, Iowa) 1884-1946, 1913-06-17

What is so cold as a day in June?
Council Bluffs Nonpareil.
Webster City freeman. [volume] (Webster City, Hamilton County, Iowa) 1884-1946, 1913-06-17

Postmaster General Burleson will
make better record for efficiency
if he proceeds to improve the de-
partment and stop finding so much
fault with the methods of his pre-
decessor. Hitchcock improved the
service. Now it is up to Burleson
to do likewise.
Webster City freeman. [volume] (Webster City, Hamilton County, Iowa) 1884-1946, 1913-06-17

The press of the state like to
stick pins into Des Moines and say
unkind things of the capital city.
But for all that, Des Moines is the
best town in the state and is on
the road to the 100000 population
goal. Indeed, Des Moines is the only
city in Iowa that promises to be a
big place within fifty years. Des
Moines is in the center of the fin
est agricultural country in the
world. For two hundred miles in
every direction the soil is rich and
the people are prosperous, more
prosperous, perhaps, than in any
other district of equal size upon the
globe. Des Moines can well afford
to good naturally take the envious
jeers and sneers hurled at it by
some of it's neighbors, finding con-
ISOLATION in the fact that it will al
ways be the big city of Iowa.
Webster City freeman. [volume] (Webster City, Hamilton County, Iowa) 1884-1946, 1913-06-17

A meeting of the only two eX-
presidents of the United States.
Webster City freeman. [volume] (Webster City, Hamilton County, Iowa) 1884-1946, 1913-06-17

Every man is a coward-if you
can only discover the particular
thing that frightens him.-Des
Moines Capital.
The Capital speaks advisedly. Ca
madam reciprocity scared its editor
into seventeen different kinds of fits
when President Taft proposed 1t.
Webster City freeman. [volume] (Webster City, Hamilton County, Iowa) 1884-1946, 1913-06-17

Some Of the same things happen
under the Des Moines plan that
have been happening for a long
time under any old plan.-Sioux
City Journal.
Of course. Then again, some Of
the things that happen under the
old council method do not happen
under the Des Moines plan. Stick a
pin right here.
Webster City freeman. [volume] (Webster City, Hamilton County, Iowa) 1884-1946, 1913-06-17

If presidents are to determine leg
islation, why not dispense with con-
gress and have an emperor?-Iowa
City Republican.
This talk of an emperor is
sheerest nonsense, no matter how
much influence President Wilson
may have with congress. No matter
if he dictates every line in every
law enacted, the people elected him
and they can retire him four years
hence. An emperor is in for life or
until overthrown by a bloody revo-
luton. Some of the simple minded
people of this country fear a mon
archy if a president is elected to a
third term, but a third term or a
fourth term president would be no
nearer a king or an emperor than
is a one term president.
Webster City freeman. [volume] (Webster City, Hamilton County, Iowa) 1884-1946, 1913-06-17

The Cedar Rapids Gazette says
Senator Townsends attempt to
place President Wilson in a bad
light as a lobbyist was a cheap at
tempt to put the president in a hole.
Sioux City Journal
What was President Wilson's
buster about hanging somebody
higher than Hannah if panic were
precipitated by the new tariff bill?
If that wasn't a cheap attempt at
putting the manufacturer in a hole
what was it?
Webster City freeman. [volume] (Webster City, Hamilton County, Iowa) 1884-1946, 1913-06-17

The good offices of Senator Cum
Minis are not needed in the return
of the republican party to power
Humboldt Independent.
Admitted, but the good offices of
men who believe as Senator Cum
minis does are needed. The party
will never return to authority in
the nation without them, and all
real friends of the party will wei
come them to the places of leader
ship that their merit warrants.
Webster City freeman. [volume] (Webster City, Hamilton County, Iowa) 1884-1946, 1913-06-17

standpat first and democratic after
ward. 1t liked Taft because he was
safe in the judgment of "the in
terests' 1t doesn't like Bryan be-
cause he is known to stand for what
he believes to be the general well
fare. The Freeman-Tribune often
disagrees with Mr.. Bryan, but it
doesn't question his sincerity.
Webster City freeman. [volume] (Webster City, Hamilton County, Iowa) 1884-1946, 1913-06-17


presidents of the United States.
Old potatoes on the Chicago mar
ket took a toboggan slide this week
and dropped to sixteen cents bush
ell.
Instead of being lobbyists in the
days of Benjamin Franklin they
were dubbed "the man with an AK
to grind
One dealer in an eastern city ad-
vertises automobiles and monu-
ments. Now if he would add an un-
dertaking department he would have
everything right handy.
The Louisville Courier-J Journal,
Henry Watterson's paper, says
Henry never drank mint julep in
his life, and Henry is a Kentucky
colonel, too.
When one is sitting on a stick OF
dynamite he is not easily tempted to
be unsteady.-SiouX City Journal.
But when he is sitting upon a
tack it is mighty hard to keep him
steady.
According to the Washington
Post the average salary of ministers
OF the gospel is 5000. This. the
Post concludes, accounts for their
unwavering faith in a future re-
ward"
It is a conspicuous fact that Sec
rotary W. ]. Bryan is much more
cautious of what he says and does
than Citizen W. J. Bryan ever
thought of being. Responsibilities
have sobered him.
What has become of the old
fashioned man who would rather
read a speech on the tariff than
glance over the sports page.-Des
Moines Tribune.
Nothing has become of him, be-
cause he never existed.
There is more than one way OF
looking at the reward of Judge
Sells who has just been appointed to
a fat job by President Wilson. You
see Iowa never went democratic I'M
til the judge left the state and 10
Gated in Texas.
It is said that President Wilson |
has received one application for Of
fee out of each 200 people who vot-
ed for him. But the ratio will prob
ably beat that. Here in Webster
City he received about fifty votes
to each applicant for the postotiice.
Another thing that doesn't look
inst right in this lobbying business
is that prominent men use the pres
tige given them by the people in
intrusting them with official posi-
ton, to promote the interests of
private institutions.
Every man is a coward-if you
can only discover the particular
thing that frightens him.-Des
Moines Capital.
The Capital speaks advisedly. Ca
madam reciprocity scared its editor
into seventeen different kinds of fits
when President Taft proposed it.
Postmaster General Burleson will
make a better record for efficiency |
If he proceeds to improve the de-
partment and stop finding so much
fault with the methods of his pre-
decessor. Hitchcock improved the
service. Now it is up to Burleson
to do likewise.
Recently one hundred fifty work
men at Hoboken, y. j., quit work
because their foreman insulted the
American flag That is one strike
in which the people will side with
the strikers. No self-respecting
worker ought to consent to be boss
ed by a man who does not respect
the flag of his country.
One man killed and another one
likely to die is the result Of an au-
tomobile accident near Clear Lake a
Webster City freeman. [volume] (Webster City, Hamilton County, Iowa) 1884-1946, 1913-06-17

cause he never existed.
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1913-10-24

THE ,DoINGS IN THE LOCAL
POLITICAL FIELD
The wheels of the campaign of
Roger Sullivan for the United States
Senate were set in motion last night
at meeting of the 18th ward Demo-
cratic Club.
All doubts as to Sullivan's inten-
ton to run are now removed. Active
plans have been laid. At last nights
meeting Alfred o. Otterson offered
a resolution endorsing Sullivan for
the Senate. 1t was adopted unani-
mously.
Speeches were also made by John
w. Rainey, clerk of the circuit court;
John P. Tansey, John P Crook and
others. Sullivan will probably delay
the formal announcement of his can
didacy until the first of the year, but
he has already begun to rebuild the
Billy Burke County Democracy.
William H. Stuart, chief clerk of
the election board, announced that
women will vote for 10 offices at the
September primaries and the Novem-
Der election of next year. The offices
are three trustees of the University
of Illinois, two members of Board of
Assessors, one member of Board of
Review, three trustees of sanitary
district of Chicago, ten associate
judges of municipal court. The wo-
men will vote for aldermen at Feb
ruary primaries and April election.
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1913-10-24

panion while hunting prairie chick
ems.
Kansas City, Mo.-Rev. Charles
Blanchard advocates organization of
brass band or any other amusements
that will attract children, to Sunday
school.
Decatur, III.-Reported Supt. Clark
of Pythian home will resign. Result
of investigation into charges of cruel
ty to inmates.
Observation-Disclosures suffrage ap-
proved in resolutions adopted at In
diana federation of women's clubs.
New York.-Mrs. Frank 3. Wiborg,
wife of printing ink manufacturer,
fined $1,750 after entering plea of
guilty on charge of smuggling.
Mexico city.-Reported rebels
massacred 40 persons who defended
village church at Cheran, Atzicurin,
against looters.
Washington.-Third and fourth
class postmasters of country in con-
vention passed resolutions urging in
crease in parcel post weight limit to
100 pounds.
Winnipeg, Man.-Joseph, a, and
Joseph Heckter, 6, drowned while
playing on ice.
Observation-Disclosures vigilance
league will start action under Lind
ley act to abolish immoral resorts in
Milwaukee.
London.-Reported czarina is ex-
pecting stork soon. Czarevitch i'll.
Not expected to recover. 81
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1913-10-24
THE EATON CASE

Plymouth, Mass. Oct. 24.-Dr.
Jacob w. Brown, testifying in the
trial of Mrs. Jennie May Eaton,
charged with the murder of her hus-
band, Admiral Eaton, stated that the
admiral bought from him 1900 tab
let's, each containing one-hundredth
grain of arsenic and when cautioned
about the use of arsenic, the physi-
clan stated Admiral Eaton said he
didn't care, if he didn't get back his,
former vigor, he'd finish the job him.
SELF r.
Hot vinegar, applied quickly but
thoroughly with brush, will cleanse
soiled wall paper.
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1913-10-24
SOAP MAY COST $4,000

Hillman's department store $1U,OUU.
Miss Marjorie Blake. former sales
lady in the store, filed suit for that
amount yesterday in the superior
court. In her bill she alleges that
she slipped, fell and severely injured
herself on a bar of soap left behind
her counter by a scrubwoman.
A youth named Abdul Latiff was
arrested at Calcutta for having climb
ed up a water pipe 120 feet long in
order to hold converse with his
sweetheart.
The weekly Iberian. (New Iberia, La.) 1894-1946, 1913-11-22
TECHE-lkkE CANAL.

We announced IL eul Last tesue
that he t,ts cltnrlt bud accept
ii lie II arasltlen ~ vi "
ISrmp.1 tor survey lr@ all <lp'i
xiS,nu he construction 81 the pro
posed Bayou Iechr t,,an.i lake
Cauai TN Monday afternoons
Nj " Il, Franz. III assistant
eneinec, IN the ollie. II Nj hem.
ner, Arrived iieie aud lminr.' .,'"iN
started his preparations iof hr.
ginning the field votL IT inv sur
veN lie lett on InesuaA mo' u.
ing fol E.usse Iu'nf.. expecting
I" oganlI" hlS ralls. n''eeSSafA
f., the undertaking, and /" imm,
Iiateiv get ~ Il
Nr trantI Will remain ~
ltauasa Hn,ute, rs close II ths
base ol his work ~ hc Will y.
able 10 speu,r accommodation for
,lmseli IIr viii need -four m,n
IN the vn,k hasides himself II
a. his desire aud pup 10 cn
gage tItesr put thrte 10, the W.
fold reason, that l,ss Wenid y,
! hst;rr acquainted With the Woods,
] . yu,.ts ~ lands 10 he t,rvrte.d
! and more ~ less acquainted with
he general topog, Apply 81 he sec
ran thIaurl, which the canal Will
The weekly Iberian. (New Iberia, La.) 1894-1946, 1913-11-22
A NEGRO DETECTIVE

Frank Maker, negro deteet,N 9
tfrm Mound ElNoti, Miss. " hn has
E.ep .niinI the rplnr.i ShsrloCl
Holmes. WA, hrl thr .trlN pat :
ut th. WrHk anl soot par 81
lHr NV II before. IT, bal recently
IN .nrne IL from nailar, IN. Nher.
Il. Wa- married III II IL ter paf#
~ nr rhcr. till. var. liz = -
Years old. while III VIII j. hn u
III Speaking nf him self h display
rtt Il Wrili. ariui collection al -
rermFngiatipnl and tastinnn' II
from ftoNt rnnr-. ShcrIitst and IN
rr 49, and cpHn,t Official, tton1
alnn,, aIl III the Sol j ffn $ - 4
H. claims "a have laen ~ The
i1tac +fNr business III Nr1fs, ans'
AnrInr ttat time III, saws h hAs
ray.r had Id shoe 4 man nor ~
fF.4 Il woman. IT, ~aN8 h" - gofn !,
tu retire
Whln hars tx lecture II 70 /
ths How ln4tttni and n Dougl4s
Institute
me interest ~ showed ia u" de
tail4 nf the killing Of Young isin-
p#fe, hefe some mon hs ago
prompts the hpliai that h. mn, II
IL, paseI 10 taxi. til trail ag,f
ID, thenn4~lnI unisnoNo coon IT.
Mil, herr lpF Natehs2
The weekly Iberian. (New Iberia, La.) 1894-1946, 1913-11-22

On Monday, Nov"mbe, l.lb,
1913, Mr. Whitney DeIahoussaye,
son Of Mr.. and MS Edwin Della
houssayc. ST., Of St Martinville,
died at 10 o'clock II III. 1T the res
idenee Of his parents, aged 26
years, after short illness.
When the young man fell slck
he was an employee Of the Erath
Sugar Company, Limited. having
it's electric light plan' in charge.
From the retiney he was taken to
st. Mat,invil!e, where he was
with his family.
The deceased was q young man
Of sterling qualities, and was well
liked by those Who knew him,
The funeral took place from the
Catholic Church on Tuesday at II
O'Clock \. m ]. attended by large
number Of friends, relatives and
acquain,ances he brothers of
the deceased &c. I.d as pail bear
ers. They were Messrs Ernest.
Edwin. Willie, Alsxis, Duma, and
Edmond relationships. The hon.
orary pail bearers were Misses
Anita Folrnet, Jeanne Ifournet,
Grace Bienvenu, Mime l,ienveBn,
May Duchamp, and Lucy Martin.
The weekly Iberian. (New Iberia, La.) 1894-1946, 1913-11-22
General Binding Materials
Traslat. Roofing \ speciality
BERTRAND NRFE 20
PRESIDENT PLEASED
WITH ELECTION
RETURNS.

President " Is.un Ms greatly
pleased AZ the sweeping democrat
u victories in lie recent election
This election in which tue demo
Gratis Won such 4 sweeping Veto
~ IN IL normally republican
states ut Massachusetts and New
JERSEY and IN overwhelming dem
ocrntic victory III Mary land has
convinced the whole cot,iitty that
pr.aidrni Wilson has the unlimlt
ed conlidrncr Of the entire public.
lin these tire" states the eandi.
dates he approved won solely for
tie reason tha' the people wanted
| il to he known that they were
backing President Wilson In
the city election Of New York he
had the courage to turn down the
nominees Of rammany Hall aud
his silent but moral support to
John Pnrroy Mitchell, the indie
pendent reform candidate. result
ed III Nltchcila election by the
Ovt, Nhelming majority Of one
+hund,.d aud twenty one thousand
| I'LL .OOO over Mccall. the Tam
many csndida,. for mayor Pres
tent Wilson thereby serves no.
tre that he will not support any
roliupt machine lih. Tammany
regardless Of how loyal It claims
% support the democratic party
| The people Of this count Y now
rattle that ~ An able, incor,npti
bic and mastery statesman and
The weekly Iberian. (New Iberia, La.) 1894-1946, 1913-11-22
MAKES CONTRACT TO
DEVELOP OIL LANDS
FOR La. COMMISSION

The conservation Commission,
at Il special meeting Saturday. en-
tered into Il contract with liz.
Louisiana Arkansas Oh and Gas
Company ~ develop the tiart of
land IN the 81! fields ~ taIdn
Parish. upon which VAS located
the Wild gas we'll wnlrh was ~.
Gently killed under b. auspices
" the commission II ~ hoped
That the q mtnis~iol Will y" repaid
i, full ioi such expense a. was
entailrd IL lie Ailllag ot the Wild
well lii. contract sst forth that
the commission shall receive one
fourth III The total amount III an,i
and gas produced. until ss,h debt
which has accumulated against
tins property haa been lunisird,
after Which the property will hp
turned hati IL the original owner.
The weekly Iberian. (New Iberia, La.) 1894-1946, 1913-11-22
SUCCESSION SALE.
iath lu.licial District Court of Louis
lama. Parish nf Iberia
Succession OF
NED IEnRET IRS, deceased.

N y,liue u, commission ,ssnt Il
uut, ne the undersigned Admini4tra
ttx. nn, IL The above said omtf, w.
der IN order granted nn the 1l'h d#A
Of November. 1913.
There will he sold w the undcts,gn-
III Administrators ~ Il dnlN auttptI
al Pnhlfc Auctionecr For CASH
wv The purpose Of realizing funds IL
ia, debts Of the above said Succession
n Pubic Auction. ~ The ln- and
highest bidder, 81
SATURDAY, December III lal,
L..Idcny.H TTc deceased ~ he Farisi
81 Iht,la; the rropert, belonging y
the above SAID Succession. aad siesetth
II AZ follows % Wit.
IA certain rirce. parcel ~ III y
! ground, together With III IL build
,ngs and improvements thereon and
H thercunto belonging, being living and
/ ~ttuatrd-in the Parish ~ iberia, stat.
4 of louisiana. containing nine I'D actct
\ nnrc ct less, and being bounced Oh
I The North by lands nf Mr. ioideliu
\ Lewis South W
East i, lands Of u. 4. PEBBLES West
H u, lands Of Madam Henry Dorsey anf
\ beng he same property acau:Acd b.
thAI 1cTcasc1 vc7 IedTeft ri from
Wade Border On May anth. ls., o.
\ Record iii Conveyance Book M 4, ~
/ folio p11
All the movable property and Ct
II fec's fully cnumeratei and itemi1cs
o, tie Irs entory made and taken i,
aheSe succession
CLARA ARCENEAIiN see Glars
Betteis. AdmiIstnrafi,x III the Su,
ccssia IT Ned IcAhe;icrs
Cammack & Broussard, Attys.
-
The weekly Iberian. (New Iberia, La.) 1894-1946, 1913-11-22

Our thanks have been aehnn"t
edged to M. ". q Weeks fo,
several Ate,y fine specimens ~
b,usnas, which N.sc grown - hrs
own premises The l,n,t "a~ cut
AT the proper time and allowed 7"
r,pen in The lir kenrh tnrm l.
was drliciously Il ,vo,rh, full ~,
anl remarkably free ~ any woody
taste. While he flavor WAS hl'
different from that Of the import
ed banana, II WAS more plaaslna
and more delicate This state l.
truly a wonder Here we can, n
times, raised bananas superior y
those grown in ~" bananas
mother county
The weekly Iberian. (New Iberia, La.) 1894-1946, 1913-11-22
new ORLEANS
CONVENTIONS.

On next Satnrda, two ronNen-
tons will hc held IN NsW Orleans
ono advocating the mnrits 81 ,ht
Ransdcil Humphreys Fill, nov
pending in congress; and the 9th
n, the adhsren,s of the NcN'anAs
BILL
Mr.. ]. . BONN. Mayor oI -.
,eauville, has appointed The fol
lowing delegates including him
self, 10 reprrsen. th. tals Nj,
POintc section. ,lun. y. Valet
DR.. g. A. Shaw Anthony Girard
J. u. Prince L. j. MestaNrr
Godlich Frick. l@3Adrirn Gonsouli,
The weekly Iberian. (New Iberia, La.) 1894-1946, 1913-11-22
NEUROLOGICAL.

DIED: At his residence. on
West II. Peters street. this city,
on Thursday morning, Noy, 10th.
Mr.. Jules L Rlanchet. 4 Nenera
BILE and respected citizen ct THIS
place. The funeral services took
place yesterday forenoon ~ 1850
o'clock at St Peters tatho|lc
Church, largely attended by rela
tives and friends OF tho family.
The members of the Socitte de
BienfaIsance ct d'Assistance Nn-
tuelle attended the ohseqnMs in II
body. also the memoers OF New
iberia Council No. zoos Knights
Of Columbus