davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Hawaiian gazette., 1913-09-30
PAINT Shop" Closed.

None of them was running, however
The raid on the "Paint Shop OF
Smith street the night before, where
the doors were smashed in, think the
police, threw cold water on the gam
bling fraternityls erstwhile enthusiasm
One game did start early last night.
but upon the warning "IIot Water, >.
which refers to police activity, being
passed around, it hurriedly suspended
and did not open again last night. BY
the time the police squad had reached
Fook Chin Wo's place a score of Chi
nese outside the building testified to
the emptiness of the cellar The po-
lice passed on, and twenty-five of
those on the sidewalks promptly de
scended into the cellar.
The deputy led a surprise visit on
the place fifteen minutes later and
found all the cellar exits locked and
barred. 1t was five minutes before his
men were permitted to enter the cellar
where two men were found playing
Chinese cards while the others sat
around on hunks.
Willy Chinese Overlook Point.
1t looked innocent enough, particu-
larly as the five minutes had been
ample time to successfully hide any
other gambling paraphernalra. AS there
happens to be section in the law
however, which states that anyone who
shall expose any paraphernalia that
can be gambled with when all exits
are barrrcadeG IS as guilty as if he
were found in the act of gambling, the
little ruse to fool the police conse.
quently furnished the best evidence pos
sibles
On orders from the deputy all tn,
doors were broken down and carted off
for evidence. The trapdoor through
which the police had formerly jumped
the game was found barred with trap
not only flush with the floor, but IA
second one underneath the rafters. Be.
tween them four lead,pipe bars had
been driyen, making this entrance alb.
solutely impassable. The whole floor
section was taken out for the second
time aud will be used as evidence.
One man was caught in the game
who has been found in each of the
three big joints raided during the week
and his bail was boosted according to
the schedule previously announced by
the deputy, Al the alleged gamblers
were released ON bail varying in sums
of from ten dollars to twenty dollars
each.
As result of police activity there
are now l3j gamblers awaiting trial in
the district court.
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1913-04-16
: ): !. :: \ \ \ < ). < ! \ \ \ \ ! !.
: GOODRICH ITEMS. +
GOODRiC

Carl Whey spent few days at La
moni the fore part of the week
Hannibal Fink and son, John, were
in town Monday.
We are glad to note that Mrs. Farm
err has so far recovered that she does
not require the care of a nurse and
is improving rapidly.
Clarence lines was up to Deloit this
week.
Mr.. and Mrs. Asa Brown were De-
lott visitors Friday.
Mrs. Heman Newcom and son Wis
tied her mother Saturday.
Oliver Fink shipped cattle Satur-
day.
Herman Grill was Deloit caller on
Saturday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Carl Whey drove to
Denison Saturday to help get their
daughter settled in her room so as to
be able to commence school work
again.
The weather of the past week made
the farmers look glum. but now they'll
have to get hustle on them.
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1913-04-16
PErEJpTS

l.
Jan. I, 1912, amount of road
funds on hand at the COM
mencement' of fiscal year ....$ 20.
April Is, 1912, received from
county treasurer .......... 1,3S'
Oct Is, 1912, received from
county treasurer .......... 4:
Observation-Disclosures.
jan 4, 1912, Pat Bierne, labor
March 20, 1912, 3. +. Mitchell,
April 8, 1912, West Side Lumber
company, lumber 49,. .... II
April 1, 1912, Chris Barten, ..
April 8. 1914 II. Nj. Friday,
April 20, 1912, F. +. Brown, 20
April ~, 1912, F. F. Brown, "a
in "a TT. culvert ........ 81
April "a, 1912, Chris Barten. ;.
May as' 4, 1912, ii. M. Friday, labor
May II, 1912. Ft. Dodge Culvert o.
May 10, 1912, Harmon Chris :.
May 20, 1912, F. F. Brown, IL
in. 20 TT. culvert .......... IL
May %, 1912, Harry Strathman,
Nav oo 20, 1912, Patterson &
Campbell, doubletrees ......
May q, 1912, John Schuman,
May 25, iiS5ii2', Henry Kock,
May 8, 1912, Patterson &
Ma Ga% up fgi2s sp Jniius Hass, labor
May 81, 1912, Henry Kock,
May 80, 1912, II. NJ. Friday,
May. 80, ii9i25, Alex Zimmerman,
June i. 1912, H: NJ Friday, -
June ueI i. 1912, Ii: Christians, labor a
June i, 1912, Vail Mill & Ele- .
vator Co., lumber .... -. 20
June !, 1912, c. G. Hays, labor
June 5, 1912, John Peterson, 80
June IL, 1912, H. L: Mcleod, :
June me- IS, 1912, F. F. Brown, -
June il, 1912, H. NJ. Friday, -
June 81, 1912, Charles Moiter, :.
June Is, l!sii2, Henry Brazil, :
June q, 1912, Thomas Meehan, :
June 20, 1912, Vail Mill Co., lum-
June 25, 1912, II. NJ. Friday,
July '? IS, 1912, H. NJ. Friday.
labor ....... $3.50. ...... .
Aug. 2, 1912, H. NJ. Friday, labor 5
Aug. s, 1912, II. Christians,
Aug. 10, 1912, r. Johannsen,
Aug. 8, 1912, Herman Johansen,
labor ..... ... IS
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1913-04-16

Union Township.
State of Iowa, Crawford County, SIS.
Office of Trustees of Union Township.
To the Honorable Board of Supervls-
OrS:
We, NJ. B. Conroy, f. c. Buss and
A. A. Fishel, trustees OF Union town
ship, in said county and state, do here
by make the following itemized state
ment of the amount of road funds re-
ceived and expended during the fiscal
year ended the 2Sth day of December,
1912, which statement we certify to be
true and correct as below set forth.
In testimony whereof, we hereunto
subscribe our names this 2Sth day OF
December, 1912.
NJ. B. Conroy,
F. c. Buss.
A. A. Fishel
Trustees.
RECEIPTS
Amount of road funds on hand
at the commencement OF the
fiscal year ....S o4.ol
April Is, 1912, received from
Oct. IA, 1912, received from
county treasurer 49,. ..... 55.l
Amount overdrawn go. .. 44.14
Total amount . 1,S54.4S
Observation-Disclosures
A. H. Rudd, stationery, print
ing road notices -. ......S Ats
T., u Goddard, repair work 20.3O
4. J. Wight, drawing o .s2
II. +. Fishel, blue prints of road 40
e. d. Butts, commission and
Ft. Dodge Culyert co. .. 19O3O
:, aaart on drafts "a inmier ~
and hardware 2O599
John Gibson, road work -. 1,267.40
F. c. Buss. auto hired ......... 800
Trustees and clerks, committee
work and meetings -. o2.OV
J. A. Scott, repair work 49,. 1918
Illinois Central, freight on road "a,
w. G. Rolls, auto hire ......... l.25
J. O. Hecller, auto hire ....... '.oO
NJ. Blanding, burying dead an oo
A. L. Jackson, clerk, commission
on road and dragging fund. 1.S7
A''" 'DiRAGGiNG FUND
RECEIPTS
April IS, 1912, received from,
county treasurer 80. ......$ 1885,
county treasurer 1879
Total received ... ....$ 433.46
DISBURSEMENTS
John Gibson, road dragging. ISIS
a A Fishel. road dragging . $500
Ed Ahart, road dragging -. $500
Frank Binnall, Jr, road drag
w r Mcdonald. road dragging $500
Elmer Brazel. road dragging $500
lanes Scott. road dragging :. 700
Geo. Ahart, road dragging -. 4O.5O
Total expended 1880
Balance on hand w .$ 57.96
\. L. JACKSON,
Township Clerk.
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1913-04-16
Official Publication
Nishnabotny Township.

stale Oh iowa, OIdWlOIu COuuty, 80.
Office of Trustees of Nishnabotny
Township.
To the Honorable Board of Supervis-
ors:
We, John G.. Hamann, Allen A. Bar
Der and Frank Bohlander, trustees of
Nishnabotny township, in said coup-
ty and state, hereby make the follow
ing itemized statement of the amount
of road funds received and eNpend-
ed during the fiscal year, ended the
9th day of January, 1913, which state
ment we certify to be true and correct
as below set forth.
In testimony whereof We hereunto
subscribe our names this 9th day Of
January, 1913.
John G. Hamann,
Allen A. Barber,
Frank Sohlander,
Trustees.
RECEIPTS.
Jan s, 1912, amount of road
on hand at the commence
ment Of the fisca lyear ....S 240.94
April d,n1% - t 19l2 sur received from 1851
Oct. 16, 1912, received from
county treasurer ...... 4O.16
rata, amount s1esS-9S
DISBURSEMENTS
April 3, 1912, c. a. Sykes, ma
April 9, 1912, ii. j. willy, dray-
ing '...... .... 49,; 80
Ap Tdo, g. COS 1slS roa Mes dsags Road 1870
AP refun e. 1872 for VIDE EsW trsd Wagon
AP aars' g. refund 1i1I MOS for v wide s tred
Ap %hs9 1s, 1912 Austin Western 40
April i' =, S 15is, Western Wheel ~
April if' =, 49, ; /. El liz ssraper $50
April 80 1912 Albert Hadley,
labor on roads 49,. -. 172,15
MAY labor a" on l' roads albert H'"'eS' 1850
NAY T. i: co., 5.' ireght M. -. $50
June /, 1912, Albert Hadley,
labor on roads ....:. .:..:. 1890
'" ber Z Co., l'i 4 in. a az it. e"i-
June ne'' %, iiSi5. Albert Hadley, 80
labor on ROADS V'.oV
July 8, 1912, John Vinnink.
JUN Pi"c $, isi2' Albert Hadley,
labor on roads .. $50. $3.50
July 10, 1912, Albert Hadley,
labor on roads ....:... go. 1O3.5O
on roads ... $500. 1850
Aug. 6, 1912, Albert Hadley,
labor on roads ........ -. 1920
Aug s, 1912 Green Bay Lum-
Der Co., material ....... :. 4O.O5
Aug. H. 1912, Albert Hadley,
labor on roads .. -. 62.1O
Aup 27 1912 W. H. Hadley,
labor on roads 49,. 49,. S1.s2
Aug o. 1912 T.. l.. Darling,
labor on roads ....... 49,. 1865
labor on roads . -. $3.50
Sent, 4, 1912, Albert Hadley,
labor on roads .. -. 27.45
Sent TO- 1912 Albert Hadley,
labor on roads .... -. 5.62
se bblack Ks; TIN, 'onn ."n'nN' 7.s5
Sent, u, 1912. Farmers Lumber
Co.. material ..... $50. 23O
Sent. u. 1912, Nicola Elevator
se o4' n mat epIa Albert Hadlev. ''-
seal labor e on ip roads A.oe .... $685.
se war e. 49, =. a. esNe "a ASS
Sent 40 1912 Albert Hadley,
scar p bor oV On roads <Nioe 1890
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1913-04-16
HAYES Township.

Hayes Township.
State of Iowa, Crawford County. IS.
Office of the Trustees of Hayes Town
ship.
To the Honorable Board of Supervis-
Ors.
We, J. G. Thiedeman, J. F. VIM.
jain and Fred Fitzsimmons, trustees
of Hayes township, in said county and
state, hereby make the following item.
lied statement of the amount of road
funds received and expended during
the fiscal year ended the S1st day of
December, 1912, which statement we
certify to be true and correct as be.
low set forth.
In testimony whereof. We hereunto
subscribe our names this SOth day of
December, 1912.
J. G. Thiedeman,
J. F. VIM. jain,
Fred FitZsimmons,
Trustees.
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1913-04-16

JAM /, 1912, amount of road
funds on hand at the COM
mencement' of fiscal year ...$ 2O2.16
April Is, 1912, received from
county treasurer 1858
county treasurer 4233
Hopkinsville Kentuckian., 1913-11-15
THREE .CORNERED RACE
To Get Into Congressman Stan.
ley'S Shoes Looks
Probable.

Prof. B2rks6ae e Hamlett, state su-
perintendent of public instruction.
who passed through Louisville on his
way Go hOpkinsvile, was reticent in
regard to the report tt at he would
b come a candidate for the Demo-
cratic nomination for congress in the
second district However Prof. Ham
iett is showing symptoms of the cor
grtssiongl bee and his friends would
not be surprised at the proper time
he pitched his chapeau in the circle,
Judge j. W. Henson, of Henderson,
and Judge D. H. Kinchtloe, of Hop
kins, are as yet the only amour ct d
candidates to succeed Congressman
Stanley.-Louisville Times.
Hopkinsville Kentuckian., 1913-11-15
Appeal To Governor.

Frankfort, KY, Nov. 13.-Citizens
of Grand Rivers, the town founded
by Thomas Lawson in the Panhandle
section of Livingston county, where
the Cumberland and Tennessee rivers
flow within a mile of each other, in
the hope ofmaking it the Pittsburgh
of the South, have appealed to Gov.
McCreary in their dilemma over the
late election. They elected George
w. jolly Mayor with a full ticket;
but not knowing the law, as City
Clerk w. F. Jewell explained, they
had the ballots printed at their own
expense instead of securing ballots
through the County Clerk. He has
refused to certify the returns from
the town. Gov. McCreary turned
the communication over to the At
torney Generals department.
Hopkinsville Kentuckian., 1913-11-15
Nearly 100000 For Teachers.

Frankfort KY, Nov. 13.-Checks
aggregating $399, 59l.O7 have been
mailed from the State Treasurer to
the County Superintendents. the
amount of the November distribu-
ton of the State school fund for the
pay of the county teachers.
Letters are being sent to all of the
County Superintendents by the De-
partment of Education explaining
that it will be impossible to extend
the school year to seven months un-
til the next General Assembly passes
an enabling act. Many inquiries
have been received since it was an
nounced that the schools have sufh-
cient funds for this purpose; the
County Boards desiring to make con-
tracts for the extra months as soon
as possible.
Hopkinsville Kentuckian., 1913-11-15
New Mayors.

Calhoun-A. c. Harrison, Dem.
Henderson,. w. Johnson, Dem.
Owensboro-Dr. j. H. Hickman, d.
Louisville-Dr. j. H. Buschmeyer.
Cadiz-Dr. Homer Blame.
Wickliffe j. M. Miller.
Catlettsburg-J. B. Sanford
Russellville-J. M. McClave, Dem.
Ashland-Dr. VIM. Salisbury.
Mayfeld-C. M. Parkhill, Dem.
Midway John Wise, Cit.
Middlesboro-J. L. Manring, Rep.
Earlington-W R. Rash, Cit.
Murray-He 'olton, Dem.
Bowling CIR H. Patterson, d.
Owenton, T. Ierndon, Sr.
Hartford-J. q. Her, Dem.
Elizabethtown-R. B. Park, Dem.
Morganfield-W. T. Harris, Dem.
Marion-Geo. w. Stone.
Hopkinsville Kentuckian., 1913-11-15
THE ATHENAEUM.

But one paper was read at the
Athenaeum Thursday night, that of
DR. F. M. Sites, who substituted
for DIR. 7. w. Blakey. His subject
was historical paper on the "Mon-
roe Doctrine, which proved to be a
timely treatment of most interest
ing topic. 1t brought on a general
discussion of the Mexican crisis,
many members taking part.
The following members were pres
ent: President w. T. Tandy, H.
W. Linton, Ira L. Smith, T. J. Nc
Reynolds, DR.. F. M. Sites, DR.. II.
P. Sights. S. Y. Trimble, A. H.
Eckles, l.. f. Foster, P B. Brooks,
Jno. F. Bible, Jouett Henry, T. w.
Blakey, Frank Rives, J. w. Downer,
T. c. Underwood, Chas. NJ. Meach-
am, L. H. Davis, A. r. Kasey and
H d. Smith.
Prof. H. G. Brownell's resignation
was received, which was accepted
with regret.
Hopkinsville Kentuckian., 1913-11-15
WOMAN TO HANG
For Murder of Her Husband In
Connecticut.

Mrs. Nellie Wakefield, twenty-four
years cd, one of sixteen children,
who Insisted that she was not prop
erly reared because f.he large family
her father had to care for, is under
sentence of death in New Haven,
Conn, for killing her husband last
Juns. He was considerably Oh Ter
than she Sac says he treated her
cruelty.
Then James Plew came along. He
clI he'd her children and treated her
kindly. After a while she began to
think more of him than her husband.
Then they took him out in the woods
and killed him. Two weeks later,
drawn back to the scene, in accord
with the tradition about murderers,
they were traced ard caught. Plew
confessed. Mrs. Wakefield DE lded
not guilty and was convicted and
sentenced to hang Mar. 4. Governor
Baldwin is receiving many letters
asking him to pardon her, but he has
answered 50 far hat he has power
only as one member of the Board OF
Pardons. which has not yet begun
to consider her case.
Hopkinsville Kentuckian., 1913-11-15
ONLY SIX MONTHS
Superintendent Hamlet S Plan
For Additional Month Not
Possible.

Teachers were happy and children
the reverse when the state Apress
heralded the news to the our ends
of the Commonwealth that Country
schools were to have seven month in
stead of six.
The State Superintendent found
that funds were available and was
pretty we'll satisfied that the school
law permitted him to instruct the
teachers to teach the extra month.
He, however, submitted the question
to Attorney General Garnett and his
construction of the law is that the
statute makes no provision for an
other month. This being the case.
nothing can be done in the premises
until the Legislature meets, when
bill will be presented allowing the
extra month.
Hopkinsville Kentuckian., 1913-11-15
PRISONER
Permitted to Attend Funeral
of His Wife Here.

Alfred Harris, colored convict In
the Eddyville prison., was permitted
by Warden John B. Chiffon to
come here under guard to attend
the burial of his wife who died the
day before. Harris was sent up
from Middlesboro in 1902 for mur-
der. He was given a life sentence,
but after serving ten years he was
paroled and in a short while he
moved to this place. Some months
ago he was arrested and on a charge
of having violated his parole, he was
returned to the penitentiary, When
informed of the death of his wife he
expressed desire to attend the fu-
neral and permission was granted by
the officials, Harris was returned to-
prison Wednesday night.
Hopkinsville Kentuckian., 1913-11-15
STATE LAWS
Authorizing Whipping Post Are
Not National Affairs.

Washington, Nov. 14.-Attorney-
General McReynolds was asked by
Representative Evans Of Montana to
interfere with the whipping Of six
Delaware convicts, Get for Saturday.
Representative Evans declared that
although he bad introduced resolu-
tions in the house designed to pre-
vent the punishment because it is
cruel and unusual" and prohibited
by the constitution, he did not be-
lieve congress would act before Sat-
urday.
After an investigation the depart.
ment found that numerous decisions
by the supreme court held that the
prohibition in the constitution could
not be applied to punishment Of
criminals by s.ate autho rifles
representative Evans was so in
for med.
Hopkinsville Kentuckian., 1913-11-15
Crowded Train Wrecked Near
Eufaula, Ala, Thurs
day Morning.
FIFTEEN KILLED OUTRIGHT.
200 Persons Injured,
Many of Whom May
Die.

Eufaula, Ala, Nov. 14.-Three
coaches Of an excursion train carry
ing five hundred people to the Bar
bour county fair in this city left the
rails of the Central of Georgia Rail-
road at 8 o'clock yesterday morning
seventeen miles, south of Eufaula and
rolled down a thirty-foot embank-
ment. Fifteen dead and nearly two
hundred injured were taken from
the wreck late this afternoon, and
others are so badly injured that the
death list will be materially increased.
Hopkinsville Kentuckian., 1913-11-15
Evening Wedding.

Miss Mary Belle Underwood and
Mr.. Ross Myers were married at
the Cumberland Presbyterian par
sonage at 6 O'Clock Wednesday by
the pastor. Rev. j B. Eshmsn. Aft
er the ceremony the happy couple
drove to the groom's farm. in the
northern part of the county. The
bride is the popular daughter of j.
t. Underwood and the groom is a
son of II. G Myers.
Hopkinsville Kentuckian., 1913-11-15
FOUNDATION
Work For Government Building
May Begin Soon.

The indications are that the con-
tractor for the postoffice building
will begin excavating for the foun-
dation in a few days. The postmas-
ter has received from the pub ic
buildings architect quite a lot of pa
pers in the way of plans and specifi-
cations and mail addressed to the
man to sublet the foundation work
but he has not been seen, and the
presumption is that he has not ar
rived, as he has not called for his
mail.
Hopkinsville Kentuckian., 1913-11-15

The papers of the State are COM
menting on an item in the Kentuck-
ian calling attention to the fact that
we have three local officers named
Smith Denny P. Smith, Ira d. Smith
and Jewell w. Smith. Since think
ing it over, there are five of them.
! IRA L. Smith, Library Director and
School Trustee and Councilman Hi
ram Smith, COL, are the other two,
Hopkinsville Kentuckian., 1913-11-15
Secured By the Mayor as a
Surprise For the
Public.
PARK SITE IS ABANDONED
But the Test Suit VIII Be Car.
ried to the Court of
Appeals.

In order to avoid years delay in
the erection of the Carnegie Library,
Mayor Meacham on Thursday Sc
cured from the First Presbyterian
Church, u. S. A, an option on its
vacant lot fronting 70 feet on Liber-
ty street and extending back 100
feet on Eighth street. The cost
price has already been provided for
in the resolution of December II.
1912, pledging $500 for the library
for 1913. AS the library was not
built, the first years appropriation
pledged can be legally used for the
purchase of the lot This does not
mean that the test suit will be
dropped. The appeal has already
been taken and it will be carried
through the Court of Appeals in or
der to secure a decision on the uses
the park can be put to. Good law
yers are still divided on the opinion
given by Judge Hanbery, many
holding that it will be reversed. But
be this as it may, the knocking on
the park site has created a lack of
united support for the library as a
public institution and the Mayor de
cided to secure the option above re-
ferred to, after considering several
sites. A meeting of the Council was
called last night to act upon the
matter, the Councilmen having near
| ly all approved the action taken by
Mayor Meacham.
The lot is regarded even by the
enemies of the library enterprise as
a desirable one. 1t is midway he
tween the depots, the police stations,
| and the hotels and a majority Of the
churches Of the city are within two
squares. 1t will be one blo-k from
the new government building and
almost opposite the Avalon. The
plans Of the building will not have
to be altered, except the basement
story will be above ground instead
Of four feet under ground. The cost
will not be increlsC d by this slight
change. The lot will allow 12-foot
grass plot in front, 16-foot yard in
the rear and Will be s feet wider
than the building, with no possibility
of having its light and ventilation in
terfered with. Should there be any
trouble with water in the basement,
which is unlikely, the big sewer
empting at Ninth street runs by the
lot and drain pipe could be run in
to it from the basement floor.
The Library Directors are all
pleased with the lot and some of
them say they prefer il to the Peace
Park site, as it is much more central
ly located.
Hopkinsville Kentuckian., 1913-11-15
Capitalists Interested.

Two men by the name Of Ziake,
one from Chicago and the o,her from
Fondulac. Wis. are here watching
the operation Of the airship bala .
Ger being tried out by aviator De
Lloyd Thompson. Should the inycr
tion prove a success, something viii
be doing TO the way If patent right
buying or manufacturing The appa-
ratus.
Hopkinsville Kentuckian., 1913-11-15
SCHOOL FOR
THE FARMERS
Will Open This Morning With
Teachers From State
University.
SPECIAL TOPICS DISCUSSED
Morgan, County Agri-
culturiSt, To Preside Over
Sessions.

The first session of the Farmers
School will be held at the Avalon
this morning at $50 o'clock. There
will be a full corps of teachers from
the State University, their special
ties being as here given.
Nj. B. Hendrick, Soils and Crops.
j. H. Carmody, Horticulture.
Miss Mary E. Sweeney, Home
Economics.
T. r. Bryant, Live Stock.
George Roberts, Professor of Ag-
gronomy, or soils and crops, in the
State University.
Godfrey Morgan will probably
preside over the meetings, which
will be held twice day. The after
noon sessions will be at 1:3O.
There will be no delay in starting,
as the program cannot be interfered
with.
All farmers are expected and urg-
ed to attend and the public general
ly is invited,
Hopkinsville Kentuckian., 1913-11-15
Ten towns were destroyed and Sc,

Ten towns were destroyed and sew
eral hundred persons killed in an
earthquake which occurred Friday,
Nov. z, in the mountainous Peruvian
province of Aymareas. News of the
disaster reached the outside world
by courier. The number of known
dead is 800 so far, but itwas believed
that several hundred more bodies
would be recovered from the wreck
ed towns.