davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-02-23
WASTE IN OUR WARS
Unnecessary Sacrifice of Life
and Money.
MAJ. E. M. J0HNSON'S VIEW
Cost of Failure to Adopt Proper
Military Policy.
WHAT EXPERIENCE TEACHES
Compilation From Documents of In
terest to Students of Mill
tary Science.
MAJ. E. M. J0HNSON'S VIEW
WHAT EXPERIENCE TEACHES

For the purpose of showing the Ameri-
can people truths omitted, he says from
the ordinary histories Maj Evan NJ John
son. jr.. United States Infantry. sccre-
tary of the United States Infantry Asso-
cation, has compiled a paper from his
torical and official documents. which he
declares will show the enormous and
unnecessary waste in all our wars in life
and money, and the perils which have
beset our nation, due to our lack of a
proper military policy"
Mai. Johnson'S paper will be of interest
to all students of military science, and to
many others interested in problems of the
national defense. He says. in part:
While the necessity for war may be
questioned, and hope entertained that the
day may come when courts rather than
the battlefield will determine all national
and International disagrcementS. there
does not seem To be any immediate posi-
bility of such solution hence it must be
granted that if n state wishes to as
sure its continued independent life. some
measure of protection is necessary and
that such measure must be adequate. This
measure of protection is called the mill
tary policy of a state.
Our interest is identified with the
policy of our own country. and we ask
what this is, and is 1t adequate? To de-
termine we must study its result in the
past, and Judge by these results whether
il has been or is suitable.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-02-23
Cadets Parade at Charleston.

CHARLESTON, S. c., February "a
parade this afternoon of coast artillery
men, cadets from two institutions and
national guardsmen was the feature of
Charlestons celebration of Washington's
birthday. Tonight the historic Washing
ton Light Infantry held its 1O6th ami
versary banquet. Business was generally
suspended, with the exception of grocery
stores, which kept open because it was
Saturday.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-02-23
Madero Taken to Prison:
Wife Pleads in Vain to
Huerta for His CIemenC\

MEXICO CITY. February 22.-Fran-
cisco l. Madero and Jose Pine JuareZ
the deposed president and vice presi-
dent, respectively, of the Mexican re-
public, were transferred today from the
National Palace to the penitentiary. a
member Of the provisional cabinet said
that probably no decision as to their
fate would be reached for some days
Francisco |. Madero's wife stood be-
fore Gen. Nictoriano Huerta, the proyi-
siOnal president of Mexico. today and
pleaded for clemency for her husband.
She left the National Palace with no as
surance for his safety. and she was forced
to forego the consolation of conversation
with the imprisoned eX-ruler. whose
guards are enforcing rigidly the order of
incOmmunicadO.
Treated Cautiously by Huerta.
Gen. Huerta treated the downcast
frightened woman with every courtesy
but he explained to her that in view of
the Investigations to which eX-President
Madero would be subjected his fate was
i'm other hands, intimating that congress
probably would render the final decision
From the state of Coahuila and other
northern points in Mexico. where rumors
of dissatisfaction with the new admin
reached the capital today. Gov. Car
rama of the state of Coahuila, who
Joined hands with Emilio and Raoul
Madero. brothers of the deposed presi-
dent, is said to have been unable to
increase his following.
Gov. Ni1lareal of the state OF Nuevo
Leon, father-in-law of GuStavO Madero,
who recently was shot to death at the
capital. has relieved the situation by
resigning from Office.
Southern Rebels Pi1laging.
The most active trouble with which
the government has to cope is being
caused by groups of southern rebels. One
band of 400 men today entered the village
of OZumba, on the Inter-OceOnic railway
and looted and burned the public build
ings. A force of federal troops sent from
Amecameca was repulsed, though the
government losses We're only slight. Fur
Their reinforcements have been sent from
the capital, aud second effort to dis
lodge the rebels will be made
To an emissary of the provisional gov
vernment the rebels said they would rec
ognize the government when 1t had adopt
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-02-23

on the Mile. replied today to tele-
graphic inquiry with the following dis
patch:
not express any opinion on the Next
can situation. My absolute aloofness
from the politics Of my country pre-
clude me from doing it.
(Signed) "PORFIRIO DIAZ."
The proprietors of the hotel at which
he stays in Cairo are in constant COM
munication with Gen. DiaZ. and de-
clare that they have not heard any
expression of his intention of making
an early return to Mexico.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-02-23
REBELS NOT TO QUIT
Continued from First PageJ

Continued from First PageJ
all of whom pledged their loyalty to
Gen. Nictoriano Huerta, the provisional
president.
Gov COpeda said that Emiliano Ia
pata, the rebel leader. probably will ac-
cept the new conditions If he should
not do so the government will i'm
mediately institute vigorous cam
paign against him and his followers
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-02-23
It Depends.
From Judge.

From Judge
Student i'm Physics-Could YOU get a
shock by holding onto the receiver OF a
telephone?
Professor-It depends upon who is talk
ing.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-02-23
celebration General in Porto Rico.
Anniversary Honored at Vera Cruz.
Americans in Vienna Celebrate.

VIENNA. February 22.-The American
ambassador and Mrs. Richard c. kerens
celebrated Washington's bhthday ami
versary by an entertainment to $50 Amer
lean residents and visitors this evening.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-02-23

1t pays to read the want columns of
The Star. Hundreds Of situations are
filled through them.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-02-23
PEACE THE THEME
OF TAFT ADDRESS
Continued from First PageD

Britain, presided at the ceremonies. Blind
Boy Scouts saluted the President as he
entered the lighthouse and acted as his
guard of honor.
The President declared he often won
dered when reading the Declaration of
Independence what blind persons thought
of the text that ''all men are created
free and equal" In the sense in which
that is generally understood We are not
all created equal-"equal in opportunity
he said land for the blind every EFFORT
should be made to bring about as near
an equality of opportunity as possible
hose of us who are blessed with
sight feel that those who have no sight
have not been given a square deal
1.-The blind will be helped by the state
and every other agency of modern life.
We find in the course of attempting to
help these unfortunates that can't see
that we do best for them when We offer
them the opportunity to help themselves
to apply the faculties they have in place
of those they have not.
My friend Mr.. Choate, and / have
been the figureheads of this movement for
the last three years. l want to testify
if only as a Roland for his Oliver, the
pride that this country has in him. He
is eloquent and sweet in his old age, and
he Is growing younger every day for the
inspiration of the whole country"
Contributes to Debt Fund.
After the President left it was ANNOUNCE
ed that he had subscribed $500 toward
paying the lighthouse s. debt
In the room of Frances tavern. where
Washington said farewell to his officers.
the President was formally received by
members of the Sons Of the Revolution.
of which Edmund Wetmore is president
| general The relies of historical inter
est that have been collected by the or
ganization were inspected by the execu-
| tive
| The President went thence to the home
| of his brother. Henry W. Taft. for brief
| rest before going to the peace dinner.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-02-23

ed the plan of San Luis Potosi as revised
in Tacubaya. This revised plan Is that
which sought a year ago to place Amliio
Vasuuez Gomez in the presidency.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-02-23
DAY PROBLEMS
Theme of Former Gov. Hadley
at Washington's Ami
versary Celebration.

CHICAGO, February 22-"HaS money
become the only means to happiness, and
are the satisfactions of public service,
honesty and efficiency performed, the
gratitude of the people for conscientious
performances of public duty, the strong
devotion and enthusiastic approval Incl
dent to the public life, to be held for
naught. if the desirabilty of wealth is
weighed in the opposites balance said
former Gov Herbert S Hadley of Mis-
souri,. in speaking here today at the
George Washington birthday exercises
held at the Auditorium under the auspices
of the Union League Club.
IF today the Office no longer calls the
man is that a sufficient reason why our
public service should not be filled with
men of first ability and integrity? Has
our spirit of commercialism become so
deepSeated that the honorS of public Office
no longer are In the balance as against
| money and its power?
J. Transition Period of Politics.
We are living in transition period
| of American politics. which is witnessing
| an aggressive questioning and challeng-
| ing of our system of Jurisprudence, of in
| dustry, of government and even of
| society itself. In this nation wide con-
| troversy, as to whether it Is necessary
that we should change the government
| that has come down to US from the
fathers we hear much as to what Wash
ington and Lincoln thought of our system
of government and the dangers that
would probably confront us.
THE truth is that the utterances of
George Washington, as well as those of
Abraham Lincoln. must be considered
| from the standpoint of their times and
| not ours; they must be interpreted as ap-
piled to the problems and conditions of
| their day and not ours.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-02-23
DAY OBSERVED AT SING SING.
Convicts Unite in Commemorative
Washingt0n's Birth.

OSSINING, n. Y, February 22.-Wash-
ington's birthday was celebrated~at Sing
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-02-23
Spanish-American War.

Speaking of the Spanish-American war
and the Philippine insurrection, Maj
Johnson says
Again, at the opening of war, a small
regular army which numbered IS IS; Off
GERS and men was scattered over vast
areas of country, and again it lacked or
ganization Theoretically regiments have
ten companies, but in order that COM
panies might have at least sixty men two
companies had been Skeetonized and
regiments actually consisted of but eight
We ~ere again without brigades or divi-
sions. forgetting the lessons of the past
and again were without plans.
THAT war was imminent for some time
before * was actually declared was evil
dent to most observers. yet no effective
efforts were made to increase the army or
to concentrate it for war purposes. APP
parently it was thought that there would
be sufficient time for preparation when
the war had begun
THE confusion attending the organiza-
| ton. concentration and equipment of this
force, and of the volunteers is a matter
| of history and need not be dwelt upon.
| 1t suffices TO say that by the month of
| September-five months after war was
| declared-many of the organizations were
still uneuupped and still unfit to take the
| field. notwithstanding the most lavish
expenditure of public funds.
| This war is so recent that it seems
needless to dwell upon the policy which
compelled us to purchase rotten food,
condemned hulks, inferior clothing, arms
and equipment. at a cost of more than
double that for which suitable supplies
could have been obtained i'm time of
peace and ! shall only briefly mention
that which money cannot buy or replace.
| i. e.. the resulting loss of life.
| The statistics of the Spanish war show
that out of 225. 23J volunteers enlisted i'm
the war with Spain. only 2Os were killed
in action. and 401J died of disease etc.
| AS the ma jority of these volunteers never
got into action. the figures again empha-
| size the dangers incident to life in delay
ing in Semi-permanent or permanent
camps, and the economy I'm that system
| which will enable men to meet the enemy
promptly at the front
| THE army exclusive of the Philippine
| Scouts or Porto Rican regiments has
been increased to about $4,000. of which
1900 belong to the coast artillery and
| 5000 to the staff corps, leaving a mobile
| force for field operations of 5000 men
| % 900 of whom are constantly on foreign
service. leaving about 5000 available
| for duty within the United States.
Faulty Militia Law.
under il are unable to order beyond the
boundary OF the United States the militia
of the country. There has been before
Congress for two years militia pay bill.
which, if passed. it is believed. would
lremedy in great measure this defect and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-02-23
War of 1912.

Speaking of the war of 1872. Mai.
johnson says:
The war lasted about three years
during which time we employed .4I 6,4
men. OF this force the total number of
regulars was Jn.V0o of volunteers and
militia about f1I,oO0.
The largest number of troops en-
ployed by the United States in any one
year 30, SO. The largest number of
British regulars opposed to this force in
the same year GS1D was 1850
''Of this enormous superiority we took
10 advantage partly because the terms
Of enlistment were too short to allow
them To be brought against an enemy,
partly owing 10 lack of federal control
OF militia. This last resulted in a num-
Der of Instances in the refusal of the gov
ernors .of states to order the militia out,
ana. I'm several cases, refusal on the part
OF the militia to cross the border even
To 90 10 the assistance of comrades ac-
tually in battle.
The cost of this war, i'm which We fail
ed To maintain our contentious in which
our Capitol building was burned and in
which the only decisive victory was the
battle OF the Thames. IL We except the
pattie OF New Orleans, fought after the
signing of the treaty of peace is said to
have been S2fo,o0oOC0, apart from pen
sions.'
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-02-23
Progressive Naval Policy.

For the navy il may be stated that
during the last twenty years there has
been pursued a progressive. if not a
liberal. policy that has resulted in plac-
ing us second or third in rank among
naval powers.
The attitude of Congress and the
people toward the development of the
navy, il continued, will leave but little
to be desired Unfortunately. the same
wise course has not prevailed in regard
10 the army. and as a consequence it is
not effective as an agent in policy.
Any lack of effectiveness in the reg
Ilar army may be ascribed first. to its
dispersion: second, to the lack of higher
tactical organizations; third. to the fail
uTe to- conserve to its use, for a period
as reservists the trained services of the
men educated 10 the life of a soldier
who are annually discharged from the
service.
As to the dispersion ne speaks of. Mai
johnson says:
This condition as regards training OBJ
the necessity has passed for maintain
ing the posts, in so far the Indian is
concerned. another factor has developed
which causes any attempt on the part of
the War Department to abandon them
10 be met by storm of indignation on
the part of the inhabitants of nearby
towns and cities. This factor is the
money spent by the government
and in spite of what the War Depart
ment can do the order goes forth that
the post remain. More than this it is
NOT too much to say that the cost of the
army is increased one-tenth by the main
tenance of these posts. distant in many
cases from centers of supply. each with
a complicated and expensive staff sys-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-02-23
The Mexican War.

As-to the Mexican war Mai Johnson
says:
I'm this war there were called into
service 81 .O24 regulars and 1884 volun-
teers, total of 1O6.JJs. III we consider
the number of troops the government was
able To bring on the field of battle, we
see that of this large number only a small
proportion was ever actually present.
THE battle Of Monterey was fought by
Taylor with 66i5 men, opposed to 10000
MeXicans, 7oo0 of whom were regulars
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-02-23
War of the Revolution.

Speaking of the war Of the revolution,
Maj. Johnson SAYS:
During this war $4,000 men were call
ed so the colors. The greatest number
who responded in any one year was
$500. From this number, the largest
force Washington was ever able to mass
upon the battlefield was little less than
1IGh. At the battles of Trenton and
Princeton, during the time of our great
est peril. his effective strength was less
than 1000. in spite of every effort on the
part Of the government The number of
men the British had in this country at
any ono time varied from 5,gOO to 40
900 1t will thus he seen that We had
under arms at all times an army two or
three times greater than our enemy
which. owing TO our system, on our own
ground, We were unable to mass and use
effectively against him.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-02-23
COACH COMPANY

Sing prison today with a moving picture
and vaudeville show. The actors were
all cOnvicts. chosen from a large num-
Der of inmates, and their stunts were
confined to songs, monologues and dia-
logues.
The entertainment was given in the
chapel, which is not large enough to hold
all the inmates of the prison, and was
repeated later in the afternoon.
Celebration General in Porto Rico.
PORTO RICO, February 22.-Washng
tons birthday was celebrated through
out the island by the closing of public
offices and a general suspension of bust
ness. The third insular exposition opened
today.
Anniversary Honored at Vera Cruz.
VERA CRUZ. Mexico, February %
The United States battleship now at this
port fired salute today in honor of
George Washingtons birthday anniver-
sary.
yy;~r~o nn1~lrokn
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-02-23
Higher Tactical Units Lacking.

Closely associated with this small post
and dispersion system is the lack of
higher tactical units. We alone of all
the nations of the earth making any pre-
tense to military strength are without
organizations of the higher units We
have no brgades or divisions, and We
leave the organization of these important
commands, without which war training
must be purely theoretical. and effective
war on any but the most petty scale can
not be waged. TO the time of stress and
confusion when war iS imminent or de-
clared
Taking up next the question of the ef-
forgiveness of the volunteer armies raised
by the United States and the militia
when called into the service of the
United States, the study of our military
operations shows that there has always
been q most serious lack of efficiency in
this class of troops until. by repeated
enlistments and the hard school of war.
they have become trained soldiers and
veterans.
The policy. which permits the lack
of discipline and training. which coun-
tenances short enlistments. iTnprovised
armies. and which fails to make provision
for reserves Of men and supplies, should
be carefully studied in connection with
our several wars If wish to- arrive at
d Just conclusion as TO its value and
off foot
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1913-01-05
Rumor Current That One or
Other Faction Will Try to
Overturn Government.

Lisbon, Portugal. January 4-Tne
political situation in Portugal oaiIy
becomes worse and more tnreatenins-
r.urnors are current every hour tnat
ono side or the other intends TO over
turn the government. and force either
the proclamation OF a dictatorship or
the appointment of a provisional caoi-
net.
The secret society of the carninarios
is increasing in strength 1T now
numbers 10000 members. virtually All
az whom are socialists.
Az the adherents of the two lac
lions formed by the democrats on one
go and the conservative groups on
the other, are fully armed with auto
roat;c rifles. pistols and stores OF
bombs. there Is imminent danger or
collision
the democrats. led by DR.. Anonso
Costa refuse to join coalition gov
ernmeut. As they number about haii
~ the deputies and senators, the con-
servatives do not possess q "orhihe
majority in either house.
The Portuguese constitution GOES
not peru1it Of g dissolution OF parlia'
rnent. ana the president OF the repuohc
,s seeking TO siIay the intense persona
rivalries and bring about q soiuticn
OF the difficulties.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1913-01-05
LIKED P R|SO n
MORE Than LADY
When She Paid His Fine
He Took to His
Heels.

Halle Newsom, citizen of the Chel-
sea Hill section, preferred yesterday
to change his abode to the HSnrico
County Jail, rather than part with GER
tain funds due him from the LOcomo-
tive Works, where he trades his daily
services for 4 reasonable cOmpensa-
ton. Newsom also showed a strong
tendency to refuse aid proffered him
BIZ a young woman named Lula But
Ter. who turned over to Deputy Sheriff
Garrett enough money 10 pay his fine
Mr.. Garnett told Newsom that Miss
Butler had paid his fine and he could
go. The announcement seemed not to
please the prisoner. He emerged from
his cell and held a long conference
with the young woman. upbraiding her
for obtaining his release, and declin-
ing to give UP his position behind the
bars
The officer took a hand and told him
that he would have to get out Relue-
family Newsom complied SO slow was
his progress in passing out Of the door
lat his benefadtress had preceded
him by some feet. and was already
upon the walk below the steps.
Then It was that the departing pris-
oner gave what those who witnessed
u think was an act OF superb ingrati-
tude. He turned swiftly toward back
alley that led 10 Cary street and obliy-
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1913-01-05
Kirk-Parrish Co.,
S27 E. Broad. Near Thu

tering, and II it IS supplanted by
nationalist administration, mobiliza-
ton will be ordered by the hot-headed
Rounaanians ST once The Bulgarian
Cabinet at Sofa is also celebrating
carefully before taking the fateful de-
cisiOn.
Some people think that perhaps the
mowers requested to-day's postpone
ment in order to look over the ul-
4imaturn OF the allies, and see II the
territory was all right or whether they
needed il themselves. 1t IS very evil
dent that there is strong weltpohuR
in the whole movement. N. Venezelos
the Greek Premier, who was TO be the
president for the day, started al
o'clock to pay a visit TO a friend
After this he went TO St James's Pal
ace for the conference. but learned or
the way that the Ottoman delegates
had requested a postponement OF the
session till Monday.
1t will be recalled that at yesterday 8
session Rechad Pasha, the leading OF
tosnan delegate. stated that Turkey did
not require TIL Monday TO answer the
uItimatum of the allies He said Tur-
key would be ready to reply at o'clock
Saturday afternoon
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1913-01-05

One lot Women's
Sample Vici Button
and Butcher Shoes,
worth IS.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1913-01-05
POLITICAL SITUATION
IN PORTUGAL SERIOUS

speaking. the Italian authorities have
no Jurisdiction over the Vatican. which
IS extra-territorial. but for fear that
complications might arise after the
death of Plus Y, IL was thought bet
ter TO have the question settled before
hand. A recess in the wall large
enough for a coffin has now been pre-
pared. It has been bricked over so as
to resemble a slab of marble, IN which
the name and age of His Holiness can
be engraved. and has been prepared in
such a way that there will be no delay
about the burial of the body. which
must be after nine days
The Holy Father has now decided
that the body of his predecessor. Leo
XIII, shall remain IN 81. Peters, in
stead If being transferred to st. JONAS