davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bossier banner. [volume] (Bellevue, Bossier Parish, La.) 1859-1952, 1913-11-06

President Roosevelt was subjected
to wide criticism for this deal, but Of
all his actions In connection with the
canal 1t was one of the wisest. With
out regard to who got the money, 1t in
lisputahly Is true to any one who has
visited the canal that the United
States got dollar In value for every
dollar It paid the French company.
AS late as 1911 Colonel Goethals up
pointed 4 committee, headed by ]. B.
Bishop. secretary Of the commission.
to invoice the French purchase. and
1t reported the value OF French ex
cavation useful to the American plan
Of canal. the mechanical equipment.
buildings and engineering records to
he 42.799.S26. or nearly $1,000. 900
more than was paid. AT the same
time 1t was good sale for the French
company. because the United States
was the only prospective buyer
The item OF largest value to the
United States as estimated In the re-
port was the excavation Of 29.90S, 600
cubic yards. valued at $25.3S0.240.
This mainly was In the Culebrn cut
Next in Importance was the Panama
railroad and subsidiary trackage In the
canal zone. and the remainder was for
quarters, hospitals. storeh0uses, ma
Is.hine shops. canal equipment. steam.
ships. land, etc.
Much Of the mechanical equipment
and whole villages Of houses used BY
the French employees were covered
with 4 dense growth OF jungle after
wears of idleness, but the machinery
had been oiled and painted carefully
before abandonment and SO was pre-.
i served III good condition when the
Americans came Had not the French
buildings been available and capable
Of being speedily repaired for use thu
early American employees would have
suffered more hardships than they did
IsOf these buildings the Americans re
paired and used $50. their yalue be
ing estimated Mt 81 .879. .203.SO.
Construction work was carried o.
the first year OF American occupation
largely with old French equipment
The Bossier banner. [volume] (Bellevue, Bossier Parish, La.) 1859-1952, 1913-11-06

derfulIy varied, the birds are in Infinite
variety and most beautiful. while wild
flowers OF dazzling colors are III pro-
fusion. The canal zone, where 0ccn
pied in the canal operations. long since
was freed Of dangerous animal life.
Distinct but inconsequential earth.
quake shocks have been felt In Pana
ma for centuries. The San Francisco
earthquake In 1906 was not recorded
on the candl zone seismograph In the
seventeenth century violent shock oc-
CURED. but none in the eighteenth and
nineteenth centuries. nor has any been
recorded in the twentieth century, al
though In Costa Isica. the republic I'D
Joining Panama, severe shock IN
1910 caused a considerable loss Of life
and property. So far as past perform
ances can indicate. the canal should
not suffer from earthquakes.
The Atlantic and Pacific oceans are
on the same level. but the tide on the
twenty-one feet. while ON the. Atlantic
side the maximum lift Is only two and
one-half feet Allowance for tilis va
Ration was made by providing u deep
er channel for the canal on the Pacific
side. so that the passage Of ships will
not be affected by the tides. The shape
OF the bay of Panama causes the high
! tide OH the Pacific side.
As there Is not favorable geogra phi
cal Arrangement ut either end OF the
canal In the way OF harbors the de
fects have been supplied by breakwa.
ters. At the Atlantic entrance il break
wuter more than two miles long runs
from Toro point to shield ships lying
In the entrance from the violent north
| ers that occasionally sweep the coast
Another breakwater q half mile lons
running out from the Colon water from
will protect shipping In that harbol
from storms on the east AT the Pa
ciiic entrance storms are not danger
Gus. but the currents deposited silt Ii
the channel in such quantities as t
make q breakwater advisable. and thi
one runs from the mainland to Nao
island. three miles out in the bay. AM
The Bossier banner. [volume] (Bellevue, Bossier Parish, La.) 1859-1952, 1913-11-06

connects with the Notifications. It
was built from material excavated in
the Culebra cut, whereas the Atlantic
breakwaters were built largely OF rock
quarried at Porto Bello.
Panama md Colon are cities Of great
interest to the tourist. The former has
about $4,000 populat tion and the latter
2O,O00 Panama is the capital OF the
republic and has q handsome national
theater and institute. street car sys-
tenn, and a number Of old cathedrals
are interesting sights. The canal EN-
ployees travel for half fare on the
railroad and are often in evidence in
the quaint little victoria carriages that
handle the street traffic at 10 cents q
ride lii the two cities
aWhat this nation will insist upon r.
that results be achieved wrote Presi-
dent Roosevelt In his order creating
the first isthmian canal commission
that he appointed, on March 8. 1904.
and that remained the keynote Of his
attitude toward the canal. He an
nounced its full personnel as follows:
Admiral John G. Walker. u. s. n,
chairman; Major General George w.
Davis. u. S. A.: William Barclay P.,r-
sons. william H. Burr. BENJAMIN. n.
Harrod. Carl EwaId Grunsky. Frank
]. Hecker.
This commission held its first meet
| Ing iii Washington on March %. when
preparations were made for visit to
| the isthm4ls, which II reached on
April 8 After three weeks Of inves-
LEGATIONS It decided that such en-
gineering records as the French left
| must be supplemented BY fresh ex-
plorations aud surveys, that the santa
tion Of the canal zone and the cities Of
Colon and Panama was Of the first I'M
portance ard that 4 period Of pfepara
tion generally must prece1e effective
construction operations. Surgeon Colo
mel w. G. Gorgas accompanied tn
commission on this trip and made th,
preliminary plans for cleaning up Is,
isthmus which. when worked out
were to make him famous The com
mission returned to the United State
on April %.
At meeting between representa-
ives OF the United States and th
French Canal company IN Paris q
| Aprii 1(s the sale of the fs,ilpany'
property for S40.OM.000 was signe
ma was ratified by the shareholder
n the company on April -
The Bossier banner. [volume] (Bellevue, Bossier Parish, La.) 1859-1952, 1913-11-06
The Americans
in Panama
Copyright, 1919 and 1919. by William r.
Scott.
CHATTER VI.


Scott
CHAPTER VI.
The 0sepraphy Of Panama.
DN aren the republic Of Panama is
about $4,000 square miles. slight
u smaller than the state of In
diana. On the Atlantic side 1t Is
$40 mijes long and on the Pacific side
GA miles BY the const line. The p0pu-
lation. nntive and foreign. is 40ttO0D.
Our treaty with the republic Of Tan
anna ceded us strip Of territory ten
miles wide from deep water in the At
lantic to deep water In the Pacific. The
area Of tho canal zone IS 44S square
miles. While within the limits Of the
canal zone. the cities Of Panama and
Colon. Mt the terminals, rcndin under
the sovereignty Of the republic of Pan
anna.
Some confusion Is caused by the fact
that the isti,mus OF Panama runs near
" east uDi west instead OF north and
south. as might be imagined. ut the
point where the canal traverses It.
Panama city ii almost due south Of
Rnfralo aud IL southeast Of Colon. the
Atlantic terminal. The canal route.
therefore. rms 10 q southeastern direc.
| fion from the Atlantic to the Pacific
and. fo the astonishmcnt Of the tour
| isf, the sun rises In. the Pacific and set.
In the Atlantic.
We are pot building our canal at the
narrowest point on the isthmus. This
point is found Mt the gulf OF San Bias
sixty miles enst OF Colon. where the
isthmus Is only thirty miles wid;.
whereas ut Panama It Is forty-sevcl
/ miles wide.
The Chagres river pronounced Shag
gress, originates In the San Bias noun
tainx and drains basin Of 1.:s2f
square ,niies. After running par:lila
with fhe coast line nearly midway be
tween the oceans It turns sharply NJ
| right angles and empties into the Car
ibbean sen few miles west Of Co
Ion. The point where the Chagre
makes this turn Is within the cana
zone and about thirty miles from tn
Caribbean. running through the cana
zone for that distance. From the Car
ibbean sen to Bohio. about seventeen
miles. the bed OF the river Is onl.
slightly above sea level. and from Be
hio TO about the entrance Of the Guile
bra cut It rises to forty-eight fee
above sea level
rncfroor. xvoro Afrlf1nd ~, thn rIfilif-
The Bossier banner. [volume] (Bellevue, Bossier Parish, La.) 1859-1952, 1913-11-06

s-allal. Mt Cold hill. 3l2 feet above sea
level. thence sloning toward the Pa
z,ific ta the proposed lock site ut Pedro
Miguel. distance of nine miles The.
average ds1ith of the cut would be 10
feet thronghnut tho nine miles, aud the
deepest ,,nint Of excavation ut Gold hill
would require going down 272 feet.
The Cnlrhra cut. ms this channel
through thc mountains was called. Was
to he 300 feet wide. In 1880 the
Frenei, had begun work there. aud
they removed 18.ti4t;.O0O cubic yards
that we're useful to the Americans.
Their machinery was used the first
year Of our occupation.
At t;atnn. on the Atlantic side OF the
proposed lake. there would br locks to
lift ships to the lake. and at Pedro
Miguel and In Roca. on the Pacific
side. the locks would lower the ships
| to sea level again.
zone IN 1904 with the question Of the
kind Of canal to be built unsettled
| They were to be there more than two
years before the violently discussed is
size was to be settled. Meanwhile.
however. it was recognized that there
was q vast amount OF pioneer and
preparatory work to be accomplished
that would absorb the activities OF the
organization pending the solution Of
this problem.
i What kind Of country as to tenn:
perature. rainfall. vegetable and ani-
NAL life and healthfulness had we Sc
cured? As to the first characteristic.
Panama is only nine degrees from the
equator But it Ii far from being mn
hot NJ that proximity might suggest.
Throughout the year the temperature
averages about s. degrees. The high
est recorded temperature In the canal
zone is only 81 degrees. At night the
atmosphere falls sharply until. usual.
". light covering is required on beds
and the hot. sweitering nights Of Amer
ican cities in the summer are unknown
The northern mind. too. considerably
has overcstimated the effects OF TIN
rainy season Mt Panama. During
January. February. March aud Aprf
there Is practically mo rainfall. b!
the list OF May light showers occul
daily or every few days aud through
June. with an occasional gusher
From then on to December the rain
become more frequent and heavier AM
have way OF coming up about th
same time every day. sometimes Il
the afternoons. sometimes In the morn
ings Construction operations have E
be suspended during the violent rains.
On the Atlantic side the rainfall ~
erages between 13O and 40 inches ~
nuaiiy. on the Pacific side from GO I
10 inches At times It rims SO fur
onsiy that 1t appears to be one contfni
olls sheet of water falling. For ON
hour the record fall Is 5.Sti inches: ia
one day. at Porto Bello, 1905 inches
III three minutes 2.46 inches fell !;
the same place. and ut Panama .
May II. 1912. s inches fell in tw
!. hours The years 1906 aud 1900 wei
the wettest since the American occ,
patton and 1912 the driest.
The heavy precipitation makes th
rivers Of Panama torrential streans
The Chagres river has risen twent.
FIVE feet in twenty -four hours Durin
every season the records left by It
i
The Bossier banner. [volume] (Bellevue, Bossier Parish, La.) 1859-1952, 1913-11-06

That part of the equipment which
could not be utilized was used as bal
last on the Panama Steamship liners
to the extent OF 27.OOO tons and sold
as scrap on the New York market, and
in 1911 the Chicago House Wrecking
company bid In the remainder for the
lump sum OF $215 900.
In the sale the United States re-
ceiyed dS888 shares Of the capital
stock OF the Panama Railroad compa-
nv and Inter bought from individuals
l,1l2 shares for s155. .11s.24. giving the
government complete control.
The value Of the French engineering
records aid surveys and especially Of
the records kept Of the flow of the
Chngres river IS incaicuiable because
they could not be duplicated It was
on French records that the estimate
| OF the amount Of water to expect from
| the isthmian rivers for nse In the Ga
| tun lake was based.
Congress on April 2. 1904. approprf-
ated the 100000 which had been
promised III the treaty to the republic
Of Panama for the canal zone This,
| with the consummatiotl Of the sale BY
the French company. cleared the title
to The canal zone and at I 80 o'clock
1 iii the morning Of May 4 Lieutenant
Mark Brooke Of the United states
army formally took over the property
and the territory In the name Of hls
/ government.
The Bossier banner. [volume] (Bellevue, Bossier Parish, La.) 1859-1952, 1913-11-06
TAPPED tlas churcn s,eepers.


Nowadays no protest IS made or any
action taken against the sleepy man Or
woman who falls into d0ze In the
midst Of the minister's sermon. In
England 400 years ago the guilty of
fender would have been severely
raped over the head By men espe-
cially appointed to the task Of keeping
the congregation awake. For instance.
u ono parish In Shropshire. 25 shill-
ings 1 year was regularly paid to q
poor man to 60 about the church dur
inn the sermon and keep the people
awake. He carried q thin, long wand
In his hand. which be could conve-
nientiy stretch out over considerable
space and rap offenders on the head
or about the shoulders. With women
he was always instructed to be gem
tier. to tnp softly. but persistently. un-
I'll the slumber was broken. For wo-
men. It was learned. were not 50
amiable a. men on being aroused
from comfortable nap. and. II gentle
means were not employed, were likely
| to get up and leave. causing no little
commotion about them.-Chicag0 Trib'
nnA
The Bossier banner. [volume] (Bellevue, Bossier Parish, La.) 1859-1952, 1913-11-06
selfish Rejoicing.

II rejoice that the world II filed with
sunshine" /" said the fat man.
-Ah. ron are IN opttmist." remarked
the thin man.
no replied the fat man. = am an
awning manufactures. Cincinnati En-
qnirer.
The Bossier banner. [volume] (Bellevue, Bossier Parish, La.) 1859-1952, 1913-11-06

Laughing.
Laughing ID 4 series Of short expira-.
tory blnsts which. acting upon the vocal
chords. held tense for the purpose.
cnuse certain sounds Of various pitch.
The differences III the sound ii the
laughter of different individuals h
largely due to the varying vibrations Of
the larynx and pharynx. II ilns been
noted that many In a family have the
same laugh." possibly because Of sinh
lar throat formations. II also Is an imi-
tatfve process New York World
The Bossier banner. [volume] (Bellevue, Bossier Parish, La.) 1859-1952, 1913-11-06
j Taie 81 TIPS.

When Guixot. the great French his
torian. was staying ut Windsor castle
81 l84O be wrote to his daughter that
he had won over f20 ut the Ascot
meeting: Twenty three sovereigns foe
me, which will balance the f20 iiad
Ia spend IN fees to the servants at
Windsor castle
The Bossier banner. [volume] (Bellevue, Bossier Parish, La.) 1859-1952, 1913-11-06
NJ H Were kniahted.

The lecturer was known as Professor
Key. and very genial, nice old fell
low be waA In fact. he was re-
markable contrast to most Of these
dry NJ dust old gentlemen and would
often introduce into his lecture inter-
esting facts concerning the manners
and customs OF the countries he had
visited
On this particular morning his sub
ject wa. Spanish history. and he felt It
was necessary 70 illuminate his dis
courxe.
.As no doubt you know. gentlemen"
he said. when man attains to emf
nence IN SImin he is knighted. but then
he Ii known not us sir but as don
Then snppose sir" gr:syciy said
the young man who always insisted on
being funny. III they knighted you.
yOu would become Dom Key Lrn-
don TIT Bits
Profitable Beauty.
Thnt ..beamty OF beauties" Mime.
Recamier. would sometimes become =
beggar for the poor. and It was good
for the poor. At the Easter fetes Of
1901. celebrnted In the Church Of st.
Roch. the priest asked Mme- Recamier
10 net aY collector. She accepted.
A returned emigrant. NJ. de Thiard,
was her cavalier ! The task was no
sinecure. TO walk around the church
| through the enormous crowd occupied
more than nm hour. Another hour was
occupied In counting the receipts. which
| amounted to 2l0O0 francs. From each
lip came Il CRY Of admiration ut the
marvellous bennty OF the young coilec-
tor. 40 she advanced step by step
through the church these cries were
translated Into pieces Vt gold for the
poor aud many pieces Of verse to offer
to the fair collector. "A Great Co
quette.
The Bossier banner. [volume] (Bellevue, Bossier Parish, La.) 1859-1952, 1913-11-06
Nsyston's Aobssrvatory.n


There b an interesting mystery as
sociated with 35 St Mary's street. once
the home OF Sir Isaac Newton. which
b now In the property market. On
the roof there used to be curious
structure made almost entirely OF
glass, and for many years this was
confidently believed to have been Sir
Isaac Newfon's observatory. Fanny
Burney. whose father. the noted musi-
clan. Ds. Charles Burney. was ut one
time an occupier OF the house, occa-
sionally used the erection as study.
and In her memoirs Of her father she
refers to It 10 Newton's observatory.
In 1855 doubt was cast upon the story
by John Tirnbs Ii his "Curiosities OF
London" He INSERTS that the observ-
atory was built by subsequent ten-
ant. Frenchman. It has been fur
ther declared that this Frenchman not
only built the room, but also equipped
It with various Instruments and then,
claiming that It was the observatory
| Of. Newton. charged fee for admis-
| sion to Observation-Disclosures Gazette.
The Bossier banner. [volume] (Bellevue, Bossier Parish, La.) 1859-1952, 1913-11-06

1t il not the inxurrectl0ns of Igno-
rance TINT are dangerous. but The re-
volts Or iutelligence.-Lo Lowell.
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1913-06-12
THURSDAY, JUNE II, 1913.
PULL TOGETHER.

The statement of Secretary Ross
of the state board of education, to
the effect that the board intends t.
keep the state university intact in all
its colleges, should lay the ghost OF
university segregation once for all
With that grisly specter safely shut
in the states darkest closest, it should
be easy for all Idaho to join in ma
king it's state university what 1t
should be in efficiency and in point
of attendance. 1t was an inspiring
sight to see the fifty-seven seniors re-
ceive their diplomas, but when this
institution grows as the Star-Mirror
has faith to believe it WILL we shall
multiply that number by ten and still
keep on growing. The chief thing is
to get together.
II each one of the alumni is an
apostle to preach Idaho education for
Idaho people, that will help wonder
fully. Good brotherly feeling which
the board seems to desire to cultivate,
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1913-06-12
THE TROUBLE WITH J. ].

Evidently Jim Hill is not satisfied
with the Minnesota rate decision, and
he has what the newspapers call
Crouch" At any rate he has nothing
to say about it, which, for him, is
extraordinary.
1t is foolish, too. Come now, ]. j.,
be a sport. You were not so silent
when Sanborn declared the state rate
unconditional. Just because you are
on the down side this time, there is no
use pouting. Be a good loser
However, that is too much to ex-
pect of your successful man. Losing
is not in his line of endeavOr, and it
goes hard even when the supreme
court interferes.
James j. Hill is wonderful man,
an empire builder, progressive cit
izen, but he has not yet acquired the
finest of all faculties. that of seeing
the other fellows side of the question.
Let him just once put himself in the
place of the travelling public of Min
nesota.
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1913-06-12
Many Suffragette Delegates.

VIENNA, June 12.-The greatest in
ternational gathering of women Vienna
has ever known left here today after
three days of meetings and confer
ences for Budapest, where the con-
vention of the international woman
suffrage alliance opens on Sunday
June Is and continues through the
twentieth. During the three days that
the delegates and visitors were guests
of the Austrian woman suffrage as
ISOLATION, American women played an
important part in planning the pre-
liminaries of the great Budapest con-
vention. There were more than one
thousand delegates and visitors in the
party which left today. Miss Jane
Adams, of Chicago, and Mrs. Stanley
Mccormick, delegate from Massa-
chusetts have been the headers of the
American delegation here.
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1913-06-12
ADVOCATES NEW
DIVORCE GROUNDS

LONDON, June 12.-Declaring there
are between 10000 and 10000 certified
lunatics in England who are bound by
the marriage tie and whose wives or
husbands, as the case may be, are
doomed to a life of celibacy, Lady
Willoughby de Broke, vice president
of the divorce law reform union, to-
day announced that Sir David Bryn-
NOR Jones has consented to introduce
in parliament bill which will extend
the grounds on which divorces may be
granted. At present infidelity is the
essential ground of every absolute di-
vorce proceeding. Lady Willoughby
today explained the proposed changes.
eve base our demands for the
changes on the general ground of hum
an happiness and morality which can
not be served under the present laws.
1t is true that legal separations which
prevent remarriage are granted for
persistent cruelty, continued deser-
ton, habitual inebriety, neglect to
maintain, ETC., but this is not enough
lit is preposterous to demand that in
nocent victims of drunkards, wife beat
ers or lunatics, be forced into life OF
celibacy or immortality We maintain
that whatever justifies lifelong sep
aration also justifies absolute divorce
with the privilege of remarrying for
the innocent party. We believe with
the royal commission which recently
completed an exhaustive inquiry into
this question that absolute divorce de- |
crees should be granted for habitual ,
drunkenness found incurable after
three years, and Imprisonment for
life"
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1913-06-12
members.


1.-The extension of this work into SO
many countries has made necessary
the preparation of literature to meet
the requirements in all the lands en-
tered This work has been promptly
undertaken, and today denominational
literature is prepared and circulated
in seventy-fve languages. And there
are sixteen other languages in use as
the medium of communicating this
truth orally, and in which the printed
page will in due time appear.
"The year 1912 realized the largest
amount of funds ever raised by the de-
nomination, as well as the highest
amount per capita. The amount con-
tributed for all purposes was $2,702,
099.02, and the amount per capita was
$23.66. The per capita contributions
during the closing year of each of the
five decades since this work was or
ganized have been as follows: First
decade, $3.50; second, 1854; third,
$11.59; fourth, $11.01; fifth, $23.66.
The total amount of funds raised by
the denomination for all lines of work
since this cause was organized fifty
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1913-06-12
Take Plenty of Time to Eat.

There is a saying that rapid eat
ing is slow suicide" If you have
formed the habit of eating too rapid
ly you are most likely suffering from
indigestion or constipation which will
result eventually in serious illness
unless corrected. Digestion begins in
the mouth. Food should be thorough
ly masticated and insahvated. Then
when you have fullness of the stom-
ach or feel dull and stupid after eat
ing, take one of Chamberlain's Tab
let's. Many severe ceases of stomach
trouble and constipation have been
cured by the use of these tablets. They
are easy to take and most agreeable
in effect Sold by tn Owl Drug Store.