davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The evening world., 1913-07-10
LOWEST BID MAY NOT WIN.
p. 2. noapa 70 Iavestisate Expert.
eaces os RiaAsp fer subway
Contract.

For the hrst tims In the history Of
the Public Service Commission Il 10
quite possible that q subway contract
Will be awarded 10 q company other
than tho lowest bidder. The part of
the subway contracted for Ia section 4
Of the Brooklyn Rapid Trahsirs Broad
way line. from Houston street to Union
Square.
On the request OF property ownsrs,
who say that tho buildings along this
section are important and will need
careful and extensive underpinnins. the
commissions chief engineer. Alfred
Craven. II making a thorough investi-
CATION Of the Dock Contractor Com
pany that made tho low bid Of es.S7s.-
600. with the purpose Of determining
whether the company. which 10 un.
known TO tho commission. has had suf-
ncisnt experience In undsrGround con.
struction to qualify Il inthis most dif.
hcult piece Of tunneiling.
n the report Of the engineer. which
will probably be made next Tuesday,
be unfavorable. the contract will he
awarded TO the Oscar Daniels Company
With the next lowest bid Of $3.50. 900.
The evening world., 1913-07-10
METR0P0tE BRINGS TRlFLE.

Tue lease OF tho Metropole
Hotel property at Nos. lT. l+9
and lS1 West Forty-third street.
IN front of which Herman Rosenthai
was shot to death. has been sold In a
foreclosure proceeding. according TO
papers placed on fle In the Supreme
Court to-day. The purchaser y the
Berghon Brewing Company. the price
5000 plus tho taxes and water assess
msnts. which amount to Sl7,bS7.n Also.
there are debts on the lease OF the
property. amounting to $4,000. which the
brewing company held against George
r. Considine, who had the lease.
The evening world., 1913-07-10

Later quarters wsrs rented IN lower
Third avenue. then m East Twenty
third street. and twelve years ago its
present homo was erected. II was In
corporated in 1909 and at present main
tains branches at No. 16 Greenwich
street. No. se5 East One Hundred and
Forty-drst street and No. " Morton
street. Brooklyn.
WHAT LITTLE MoThERs' AID
ASSOCIATION DOES.
The association gives to little siris
obliged to care for younger children
while their mothers are away at work
lessons In sewing. mendinR. dressmak.
ing. cooking. laundering and the hy-
gienic care Of the baby and homo. II
also gives summer day and week out
ings In the country between May 1 and
Oct. l. Day nurseries have been estab-
lished at its three branches to allow
little mothers to attend school.
The aid given BY this aAsociation has
enabled mothers to keep their children
with them In the home instead OF piac-
Ing them In institutions.
Homemaking circles are maintained at
all branches the year around. In them
the children are taught every branch OF
homemaking. Instruction In cooking 10
also given In tenement homes. Mothers
clubs and working girls clubs meet at
the various branches for class instruc-
tlon and recreation. Christmas and
Easter festivals are given with gifts
and refreshments.
About 5000 children are cared for each
year. There are no salsried Officers.
The association In non-sectaria and en-
tirely dependent on contributions for it,
support
The officers are: Honorary Presld ent.
Mrs. Alma Calder Johnston: President,
Mrs. Clarence Burns: Treasurer, Fran
r. Howard; Secretary. Mrs. Emile Van
Biel; Consultant Orthopedic Surgeon. DR..
Arthur q. Bretz: Consuitant Oculist. DR..
Edward Sprague Peck; Consuitant In
Child Hygiene. Dr. Mary Sutton Macy.
The evening world., 1913-07-10
HoW Babies VIII Be Judged
For Health Contest Prizes

The chief object ohss
now TO make mentally
S.sss awarded sass -
physique rot
The mother her
~ physical ana
standard.
Its Q
from
Q
condition
sdv1ss the mothers
4 Of
The evening world., 1913-07-10
on. ana whom I rsfussd As called n SAs
other three and they elected me.
FIohT BEGINS WHEN NUMDgNo
OF GUARDS ARE WANTED.

'eesNO WU8N Nv I'M
or GUARDS ARE WANTED.
II did not resist. and Il was not unit
demanded their numbers that tn,
guards began to beat me. Ny demand
enraged them 30 that I thought they
would kill me. I never had q chance
until Glaser and the others came to my
assistance"
Giaser an q several others we're In
court this morning and announced that
they would not fail to appear on Sat.
urday. Christian wesche OF No. Isl
Ninety-seventh street. Fort Hamilton.
and Michael TiefYernan Of No. s1 Bal.
tic street. Brooklyn. two Of tho res
cuers who accompanied Gordon TO the
station. said to-day that on leaving the
station last night they had boarded q
Firth avenue car. II was shortly before
10 o'clock then. and the transfers they
received were punched at o'clock.
with Gordon's experience fresh In their
inds they called the conductors at
tcntlon to this.
Oh. you guys are too particular" ne
said. though he punched the transfer
properly.
When they presented them on the
elevated. the conductor dld not want to
take them because they had been
punched twice.
Il wish We had kept the transfers %
We received them frst," said Mr..
Wcsche. 1T would, have been perfect
evidence In support OF Gorion's conten-
tion that ne received his tn n sfsr n, n
The evening world., 1913-07-10

George Fendrick. twsnty-six ysars sid.f;i
Of No. nj East seventy -arst stssse Q -
track walker for the Intsrboroush. WAisU ~
crossins from west 10 east In the Lsoox
avenue Subway ~ One Hundred and
Forty-sscond street early to-day. vd5Vr
struck by north.bound train In eAaroo .
Of Motorman william Lyons. sfVl
Fendriok's right leg was % baAif'
crushed II had TO b arnputatsd In HStaAv
lem Hospital. and No u IN Q sseiuaor
condition. The train was running sieWoy A
toward the One Hundred and Testy.. a.
nfth street station. and Fsndriek eouid
not explain how he happened 70 b h3G. q
The evening world., 1913-07-10
MRS. CHARLEY GATES
DENIES HAVING SPAT' 4: =: \: =
WITH RICH HUSBAND
HE Is the Best Boy That Ev6es =
Was and Tales About Him : ro1s srs
cha
Are Untrue" = vss :

why. Chariey's the best boy thas svGns
lived" said Mrs. Charles q. 0aAse -.
day at the PIasa Hotel. wAsss oNseDs
permanently maintains . handssDets
suite. INV
Charley" 10 the son Of ths iAss "Ds1pe
you -a-miliion Oates." and y noW lmOUa ~
~ .''oivs-you-a-m million 0aNss." OhasosV,s
came here last Saturday h . pss1aS's
train from Minneapolis. TNs' ssosv w.
told At the time that he and Ais Hn1hsr.ss
in-iaw. Frank Hopwood. had . uesJ6
fracas IA . Minnsapoiis hotA svoP
oates's determination 10 sivs away -,
million . year In upa Charley Anis4 I,
the row whom he 90 to New Yesk 80
now comes M. ''Charisy' nyins ttso9
all utter foolish and msaiosous GoaDvAss 81
A rumor came from 1iinnsApoth &C., 2
day to the effect that Mr.. and ~ =,
Gates had had . daasrsmsnt WA n
asked ~ to ehs truth oe the seosy. 1eiA -
0ates sasd. ~
why. there 10 ab-so-iuasay 10 snrtS,s
N H. Charley isft isst nieAt - vfl1t q
one of our mines IN Canada. anA unlso6 ~
q sick nephsw who = h Dsnvss, haoon
. turn for the worss. f'i1 wait M0nt s.
here for him end we'll 20 back 10 Ming =
neapolis together. Bds
please. now. Just cay that I AeaSeo q
In whole and IN DETAIL svsry bis o. oaQ
stories that have ossn eold q NAY 49, .
told In the future 70 the effect lAaere
there he's been any ripple Of 6ouAi6sr
just believe me, Charasu's the bsse ~ al
ever" 81 -
The evening world., 1913-07-10
Four Trainmen Were Brutally
Assaulting Passenger When
Others lnterfered.
SAW THE FIGHT.
Witnesses Make Affidavits for
Use in Court When Case
Is Called.

80
'""' - "o'''"' VP'''' -" '"e
New York Times. who lives at blb
Seventeenth avenue. hath Beacoh, was
.o,.o,,v ,ra.,.o ,x ,,.,, -,.,a. :. .,
n'sh'' He rushed ON OF a D. H. Il
train on the West End iine At the Thlr-
tv-r,xth ssrect station shortly before
- -
. '"o'N' """'H "s 'r ''
thrown TO the moor OF the platform and
kicked almost into unconsciousnsss. All
this oeoausa hs refu,ed "a leave the
.,.,, ..,o,a "a. .,,.. h.v,,,
'shou "er ""c" "s
ce'ved rev momsnts oetors from hs
conductor Of an ESghty-sixth street car
and which the train conductor said was
punched an hour earlier and % was in
valid.
Gordon was rescued By q crowd OF
passenger, headed by Harry Chaser of
No. 1N state street, Brooklyn. Chaser
was attacked himself when he called
on the guards to desist. and his eyes
were biackened.
The night caused great excitement on
the platform. 30 brutal was the attack
on Gordon that women screamed In
fright: stop them. They'll kill him."
GUARDS KICK HElPLEes MAN
The evening world., 1913-07-10
Mothers, Fathers, Sisters and Even the Little
Brothers Watch Riddles Tested for
Health Prizes

Health Prizes.

All roads In Brooklyn yesterday
led to Public School No. 81. The big
brick structure at the corner Of Lin
coin road and Albany avenue was the
Mecca for fond mothers: hopeful lit
tie sisters: bashful, often sulky lit
tie brothers: and. here and there, .
self-conscious papa, for the first day
Of Judging the 406 entrants In the
prize baby contest conducted by The
Evening World and the Babies VEL
fare Association had begun.
All day inside the school building
there was q babble Of many tongues
Italian, German, Russian, English
all talking and thinkins-Baby.
And tho babies talked Baby loudest
Of all. I am sure every ono Of them
must have been marked perfect for
lung power on the score cards
whereon their physical perfections
The evening world., 1913-07-10

DO you give any crcdsnos to the
claims OF some radicals that man ID
becoming little more than . human ma
ohinef" asked the friend.
"Yss: at times ! feel that am be.
coming simply = lawn mower" an
swered the auburbanite.
The evening world., 1913-07-10

OTTAWA. Ont. July 1A-Thrss can.ca
sdian nuns. Fsspsetivsiy Clara AasSe6esss
Mslvina B,ron and Alma LAser, iassDss
their homes near Montreal nsxt leoopus
DAY, nAse TO return. Thsy 90 % Ausoojts
ispsrs at the world famous lspss seeeaunsv
meat. Shedding Island. Chine. an %
The evening world., 1913-07-10

HOW sAeY's MIND ie TESTED
sY DOCTORS.
OF course. baby's feelings are oonsid-
cred In every possible way by the doc
tors. nurses, teachers and volunteers,
who are making the baby contest tre-
mendous success. He 70 allowed to have
his mental test first. A. soon a. he
makes his proud entrance In his moth
er's arms, or sometimes IN the arms Of
q little sister or brother. nurse In .
blue dress and a white cap undresses
him and puts all his clothes In . paper
bag. Then the bag 10 placed on one Of
the little school chairs. which some day
a few years from now baby himself
may occupy, and mamma 10 given
baby's number. whioh she pins on her
chest. Then they proceed together to
another little room. where a physician
tests baby's intelligence and decides
whether or not he u normal for his
age.
A queer thing about the baby tests In
that the more zeroes baby gets In his
markings the better II II for him. II
ne gets al zeroes that means ne
l'Wo-point baby; In other WORDS muRi-
millionaire OF health. For sero marked
after questions concerning babys respi-
ration, or the straightness OF his legs,
or the quantity Of his hair. means nor.
NAL; 20 an aii-zsro BABY - perfect
baby. Yesterday one Of the babies en-
tered scored $50 points-ths highest 20
fsr.
Atter oany had eufrehdered al MS
woridly soods 10 the paper oas the
doctor IN chanSe OK the menta' test
hsld out shiny soid watch 10 mm'
II oaoy grabbed Tor II tnat was
sign OF 'nteihsem interest ana no got
zero inen ahother person In the
The evening world., 1913-07-10

and defects tabuaed
with little would finger
examining weighed
adult being would
hitting
necessary
The evening world., 1913-07-10

With both feet and head knocking wood
ana with half . dosen persons survey
Ing him critically. Il was no wonder he
howled his disapprovAl.
When he had been weighed and meas.
ured the baby was ready for the fnal
physical test Another doctor examined
his ears and nose and throat, the con-
dit.on Of his sd<in, the straightness OF
his legs. the depth Of his chest and The
amount of his hair. and as he passed
upon each item Of the examination .
pretty young woman In lavender would
set them down. Meantime babys
mother would beam or frown. accord
Ing to tho doctors utterances on these
momentous points. and sometimes she
would interpose an objection to his YER
dict.
One baby was rather bald for his age.
He was being examined by DR.. Edward
NJ. Thompson. who = President OF the
Parents League Of Public School No.
ia
"Bald?" queried the young woman In
lavender. looking up from her sxamina.
tion paper.
Bald iittie." answered DR.. Thomp-
son.
mo. not bald" said baby's mother.
He fell down. His hair will crow
again."
Dr. Thompson passed his hand ap-
pr aisingly over babys polished crown.
He must have fallen down prsttv
The Detroit times., 1913-08-12
E. OF {. STAKE Is
TODAY'S FEATURE
Slightly Warmer Weather Than
yesterday and Good Track
Promise Speed

A little warmer weather than was
allowed the horses yesterday al the
Blue Ribbon Grand Circuit meeting
and just as fast a track gave promise
today of some great races, some fast
time and the possibility of the shat
tering of one important record al the
state fair grounds race track when
the trotters and the PAGERS scored
for the word.
The Chamber OF Commerce $4,000
stake for the 2:l3 class PAGERS, Is the
feature of the days sport Leata j..
was expected to be the favorite be-
cause of her showing against prac-
ticaly the same fields she races
against in former meetings this year.
Stetbrino Lad and Frank Bogash. Jr..
were not counted out by any means
however
In the 2:10 trot, Pop Geers starts
Etawah. great colt, against a held
OF aged horses with excellent chances
OF coping the first coin.
Knight Onwardo. Detroit owned
horse, recently bought by Fred Fowl
err, is listed in the entries in the ZOO
pcae.
The Detroit times., 1913-08-12
STARS RACE In The
Blue RIBBON STAKE
MotOrdrome LuminarieS viii
Contest for HOnOrs Again on
Wednesday Night

Suddeth, the sensational winner OF
so many sweepstakes at the Detroit
motordrome, and Miner, OF the De
trolt team. and Sayalak and Mona
mara. OF the ST Louis team, will De
the contenders in the Blue Ribbon
Sweepstakes OF Wednesday night at
the motordrome. The event will be
run In three heats OF two, three aud
four miles each.
Captain Bennett and Matt Hauer, OF
the Detroit team. and Captain Gibson
and Harry Dougherty OF the St LOUIS
team. will meet in the inter-clLy race
at four miles.
In the championship race the De-
troit team OF four men VIII ride tAe
oualifying heat of two miles, the Two
leaders 10 meet the two leaders OF the
twon!ile qualifying heat OF the 81
Louis team.
Captains Gibson and Bennett VIII
meet in the first OF series OF three
match races TO be held during the
week.
The st. Louis team is now In good
form after a week In the hands OF III
r. l.. Smith. who took the team III
charge after its recent disastrous
series OF falls at Chicago.
The Detroit times., 1913-08-12
Burns, Giants Clever
Outfielder, is Example OF
What Can BE Done BY
Leaving Player on Bench

-
There are many major league
nsnsaers who buy or draft a
youna ball player in the fall. try
hin, out during the following
spring training season, and " ne
fails to make good IN every de-
partment. let him GO, not even
TAKING the trouble to have
string tied 70 him. Not so, John
McGraw. The Giants manager
for years has been known as one
Of the big league pilots who picks
10 a recruit and keeps him sew
eral seasons. whether he possess
es the class or not. Of course,
McGraw usually decides at the
time whether the young fellow
has the natural ability. but he
does not expect him to prove .
~ Cobb from the start.
IL is McGraw's policy TO carry
the young players along and teach
them the game while they are SIT
ting on the bench. Many IN
stances can be pointed out where
this has been the case. Snod-
grass, Vanguard, Shafer, Doyle,
Merkle, Meyers and Burns are
now regulars on the champions at
present and every one Of them
was carried season or two be-
fore Getting the opportunity TO
break into the game regularly.
The most notable case Is that Of
Burns. For three years the mid
get outfielder sat on the bench
waite hing the Giants perform.
Finally McGraw thought no knew
enough major league baseball to
hold down a JOB and so placed
him IN left fei5. He loot no time
In making good. the result that
John CeVore was traded. Today
Burns is the star OF the New YORK
outfeid and there are many who
believe he will some day prove as
great a player as Ty Cobb.
The Detroit times., 1913-08-12
Golfers Mnsf Relax When They
FIND Ihey are "OH Then. SrIde'

At some time or other in his career
nearly every alleged golfer finds him
self in a condition OF mind when he
cannot drive ball $50 yards down
the center OF the course II his life de
pended upon il. If this were so OBJ
viously a fact and SO wildly proved
to all OF us no one would believe that
such a lamentable circumstance would
be possible.
For full-grown man who has
played golf for many years, averaging
we'll down in the eighties al his best,
10 reach this condition OF anguish and
humiliation seems ridiculous In the
extreme.
The cure is as simple as Is the
cause OF the malady. have seen 1t
applied in case after case with almost
100 per cent efficiency. where the vic
tim could relax his nerves and bring
himself 10 obey orders Many can
not do this and their cases are seem
ingly hopeless until some morning
when they wake mp to go out on the
links and find that they are hitting
the ball.
Ii the sufferer will only temporar-
ly forget to seek distance and be sat
isfied TO sweep the club along the
The Detroit times., 1913-08-12

line OF flight before and after hitting
the ball he will be surprised at the
distance he can get. II he slices II
is probably because he is standing too
close TO the ball. is involuntarily
drawing his arms in or getting his
hands ahead OF the club head at the
instant OF contact II he is hooking
he is probably putting too much right
arm, wrist or shoulder into the shot.
The trouble in many cases is that
the man on on his drive generally
insists on playing all his golf during
more or less serious matches for
small stakes or in competition. Every
time he comes to "A tee he tries TO
hit as far and as true as he can.
Every effort tends to reduce even the
litfle remainder of self-confidence
that may be in him and goes from
lad 10 worse.
On the other hand If the same golf
er would cut out all golf matches or
scoring for few rounds and go out
for the avowed purpose OF hitting
gently. but straight and necessarily
regardless OF distance, his period Of
misery humiliation. and worse would
be shortened by many days. weeks,
or perhaps months.
The Detroit times., 1913-08-12
VERDICT OF CHAVIS OVER
BRANNIGAN SUITS FANS

DENVER, Colo. Aug. l2,-The de-
cision In favor OF Benny Chavis IN
his i0-round bout last night with
Patsy Brannigan. OF Pittsburgh, was
popular with the fans today. The
Colorado Mexican simply left jabbed'
the Pittsburgher out OF chance TO
win and incidentally reversed a win
Brannigan held over him.
Brannigan was willing TO mix at
all stages. but the Colorado youngster
was cool and fought a pretty tight.
He was never in touble.
The Detroit times., 1913-08-12
BETTER TIME AND BETTER
CONTESTS ARE EXPECTED
JACK plLLoN'S DUMMY
KNOCKS HIM DOWN AND
JACK LOCKS THE DOOR

Jack Dillon has added ne"
and spectacular wrinkle 10 MS
training camp in Indianapolis.
Dulon. who is in constant tram
ing, has closed his camp TO the
public at present and all his
training stunts are pulled on
behind closed doors.
The reason for the secrecy, IL
Is understood, is that Jack IS
perfecting new blow IL Is
said that II is an outgroWth OF
n suggestion made by James j.
Corbett, the former heavy
weight champion.
Dillon is also working with
a new dummy which was IN
vented by a young electrical
genius. The dummy has all the
attributes OF a shifty rough-and-
tumble fighter. and has the
UNIQUE distinction OF doing
more TO Dillon than any fighter
ever did, namely, putting him TO
the floor.
The Detroit times., 1913-08-12
ARMY AND NAVY DISPUTE
ON ANNUAL GAME is ON

ANNAPOLIS, Md. Aug. 12.-Army
and Navy football managers are today
at loggerheads over arrangements for
the annual football game. The date
is 10 be Nov 20. West Point has OBJ
jected TO the number and situation OF
seats accorded them at Philadelphia,
and proposed the game be played at
West Point and Annapolis alternately,
or in New York every year. Navy
stands pat on Franklin field at Phila-
delphia.
The Detroit times., 1913-08-12
Watching the
Scoreboard

Byrnc and NoiN refuse 90 ~. pari-
He'd today because they only get
one hit each.
Caldwell held the Browns go four
hits. while Chance fans decided
Nntsel may vet he worth St..OUD
and two players.
Baker WAS there again with the
big stick. putting three men In
ahead Of his three bnERer amt
scoring himself later.
The Maps put four across in one
inning, the ninth. Hughes yielded
the qunrtet OF safeties, after re-
1ieying EngeI.
BROOKLYN will fnce the Giants
today encouraged ny President Eb-
bctfs announcement of the pur-
chase OF 100000 woxth az players.
and another 30 ON tap for more
good material.
The Detroit times., 1913-08-12
CT0NT dW
DAUSS PITCHING AND SLUCGINC OF
WRECKINC CREW BEAT The RED S0X

BOSTON. Aug. l2.-George Dauss'
excellent pitching and the smuggling
of the Tiger Cobb-Crawford wrecking
crew, enabled the Bengals TO win the
final game OF the eastern invasion
from Boston yesterday, To 2.
The Tigers got l. hits in punches
on Leonard and the Sox only eight
I'm patches. The Tigers had only one
misplay. a wild heave by Bauman,
which didn't figure In the scoring
Bobby Veach was again back in
left field an dtook two hits out OF the
Tiger collection. Cobb's two hits
scored three runs. and Crawford
three binsles aided materially.
Engle's triple and Speakers sacri-
fee fly, scored the Red Sox's first
run in the fourth Hooper scored in
The Detroit times., 1913-08-12

the sixth on Speakers double.
Baumans single. Crawford s fore
ing of Dauss at home after George
had walked TO start the third inning
and Cobb's single, scored one for the
Tigers. Ty stole and Veach singled,
scoring Crawford. but Lewis peg got
Cobb trying TO score.
Dauss was hit by "A pitched ball In
the seventh. Bauman singled. Craw'
ford singled, scoring Dauss. Az COBB
was purposely walked Veac singled
scoring Bauman. but Crawford was
pegged out at the plate by Speaker.
In the ninth with two down, the
Tigers scored another brace. Bau-
man singled and Crawford was safe
on Janvrin's wild heave. Both count
ed on Cobb's triple.
The Detroit times., 1913-08-12
]. DEVORE JOINS THE
DOOM DAISIES TODAY

PHILADELPHIA. Aug. l2.-Josh
Deyore, Cincinnati outfelder, Joined
the Philadelphia Nationals, today, and
is happy over the chance he expects
TO have OF opposing the New York
Giants. which discarded him. Doom
is said TO be counting on Devore's In
side knowledge OF the Giant camp as
a big help in the pennant battle.
The Detroit times., 1913-08-12
Griffith Sends Clark Back.

WASHINGTON, Auf 12.-George
Clark, the southpaw Griffith purchased
from Frank Chance. has been sent
back 10 Washington by the Atlanta
claub because OF his wildness. Grif-
fith has not decided what to do with
the youngster His case is life Boehl-
ing's. and the Old Fox thinks II he
can place him where he can work
enough, he will develop
The Detroit times., 1913-08-12
CLEVELAND AND
MUDHENS HATCH TRADES

TOLEDO, Ohio, Aug 12.-It was
announced here today that Pitcher
Dashner and OutAelder Southworth.
recently purchased from the Ports
mouth club, OF the Ohio State league.
by the Maps, would be turned over 10
the Mudhens in exchange. probably,
fer Pitcher James. Outfielder Smith,
OF Duluth, has also been purchased by
Toledo
The Detroit times., 1913-08-12
TUESDAYS PROGRAM
AT THE RACE TRACK

2:15 trot. purse ssoo0-Baron Pei
Ray Black Cat. Farra, Lula worthy.
Rapallo
Els pace. Chamber 81 Commerce
stake. s5,00O--Edith C., Frank Bogash,
Jr Leata j., Princess Margaret Stet-
brine Lad. Tom King.
o.1O trot purse sl.0CO-Baron .'enn.
Echomore Ftawah Fan Patch, Lady
Grattan.
2:Os pace. purse 81 .O00--Edie Dillard.
Junior Dan Patch. knight Onwardo.
Molly Darling. O'Brien Bow.