Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1913-09-23

IL = Il : T
i face, am watered and rolled, make
excellent reads, except during very
heavy rains, and they dry hard and
smooth in a few hours even after a
heavy soaking If well crowned. The
moro rainy districts require an ex-
cess of sand Salty, sticky ooze from
hsh ponds mixed with sand is also
very good. If these roads become
muddy, more sand is hauled on dur
| ing wet weather. and allowed to be-
come Incorporated with the surface
BY the action of travel. OF course,
these are not the most permanent.
roads, but they are inexpensive to
build and maintain If repairs are made
| in TIME. On the most costly and
best lap of road that can be built,
maintenance work should begin with
| in a few days after it is finished. IA.
or rought lava, or gravel from the
gulches, where found, are the most
| logical materials t0i use Attention
must be given tostproperly grading
these materials, and rolling and wat
ering are very beneficial. but this we
cannot always afford A small
amount OF earth is desirable to act
as a binder. Repairs should be made
| promptly where needed with the
same kind Of material The gravel
roads are sometimes given a surface
coat Of oil after they have been COM
pacted by several months OF travel.
! This is not always satisfactory, ow-
| ing to the difficulty of getting the
surface free from dirt, which pre-
vents penetration Of the Oil, but IL
REPAIRS are looked after promptly be-
| fore holes develop, it makes a very
fair read for light travel at a low
cost.
Good Lire Of Rules.
Near town ana villages where ira
vel is heavier, a better class of pave
ment is used. being nacadam OF
crushed stone treated with crude oil.
This has been found to meet all the
requirements Of our travel when we
have observed the following rules:
Il. The foundation, If not already
so, must be made firm enough so as
not to yield under the heaviest loads
that might go over it, and this is
done by thoroughly rolling the sub
grade, and in some places by filing
in soft spots with large rock.
"2. The rock to be No and 3 mix.
ed, from the size Of hens egg down
to a walnut size, spread five inches
deep, and rolled several times with
steam roller, until the surface is
smooth and unyielding, literally
sprmkIing at the same time.
IS. After allowing to dry out, every
particle of dust, dirt, horse droppings,
etc, are swept of and ordinary crude
oil, the heaviest we can get-from IA
:. is Baume-is poured on, putting
on all that the rock will take,s and
rubbed in with broonas. II travel can
be diverted this is allowed to stand for
at Least a week, until all the volatile
constituents have evaporated. but
If not, thin coating of rock screen
ings, sometimes sand, just sufficient
to take up the excess oil, is applied,
and the road is opened. When the oil
has "set. or become firm, another coat
is applied and allowed to stand about
a week Then thin layer of half
inch screenings is applied and the
road is finished These roads cost,
exclusive OF any grading except shap-
ing and rolling the subgrade, from
50. cents to 20 cents square yard
complete, depending upon the cost of
getting the rock. Where rock has 20
be hauled several miles, of course the
cost would be still higher. The cost
of maintenance. consisting of light
coat of oil about once year, is slight,
being about one cent per square yard
a year, with oil at $3.50 a barrel at the
tank. The cost of maintenance would
be much greater if repairs were to be
delayed until holes form in the surface
skin of oil. One of the objections
made to this method is that at times
the surface peels up and holes .orm,
which are very difficult to patch.
This peeling can nearly always be
traced to lack of cleanliness of the
rock before oiling. 1t is very essen
tial that the surface OF the rock must
be absolutely free from dust or litter
OF any kind: even thin layer Of ashes
from the steam roller leaves weak
spot that will afterwards peel up as 1t
keeps TIE oil from thoroughly coating
n L. ca =