davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-09-15
tight to condition their existence.

right to condition their existence.
Constitutional provisions concerning
the militia are as follows:
1. To provide for calling ont the militia
to execute the laws Of the Union. sup
press instructions and repel invasion.
2. To provide for organizing. arrndns
and discipling the militia, and for govern
ing such part Of them as may he en-
ployed In the service OF the United States.
reserving to the states, respectively. the
appointment Of the officers. and the au-
thority Of training the militia according
to the discipline prescribed by Congress.
3. To make all laws which shall be nee
essary and proper for carrying into exc
cution the foregoing powers.
These provisions define and limit the
powers conferred on Congress In con-
nection with Legislation for the militia.
and In them is found nothing which de-
fines or authorizes the determination of
militia. What constitutes the militia must
be determined, in part by the generally
accepted definitions and in part by an
other and the only constitutional pro-
vision which bears on this point.
Definition OF Militia.
Militia has been defined to be ''the
whole body Of men declared by law amen
able to military service. without enlist
ment. whether armed and drilled. or not
Century Dictionary. 'The whole body
-
may be called for military duty. STAND
ard Dictionary. Our idea Of militia u
derived from England. where from feuaai
times to the establishment OF regular
army the militia was genera term ap-
piled to the manhood Of the state. not 90
special class of so.diery. This definl-
ton has been accepted by us, az ID snown
In our Dictionaries. and that It was the
idea Of the trainers OF the Constitution ID
made clear NOT only by that provision
which states "A we'll regulated militia
being necessary to the security Of q free
state, the right Of the people to keep ano
bear arms shall not be infringed. tne
intent undoubtedly being to accostom
every citizen to the use OF arms. but by
by Congress In 1892, shortly after the
adoption OF the Constitution. at which
time and In which law what Is INTENDED
by militia is clearly shown In the pro-
visions for the enrolment, organization
and training Of the whole body OF citlzens'
with certain specified exceptions.
The first sections Of this law read as
follows:
Section 1895. Every aole-bodied male
citizen OF the respective states. restdent
years and under the age Of forty-dVs
years shall be enrolled In the militia
Section 1926. It shall be the duty OF
every captain, or commanding officer OF
company to enroll every such citizen re-
siding within the bounds OF his company,
and all those who may from time TO time
arrive at the age Of eighteen years, OF
who. being at the age OF eighteen years
and under the age Of forty-ffve years,
come to reside within his bounds.
Other sections OF the law prescribe 10
great detail methods OF training, orEani-
Satfon. punishlnent. etc. but esSongh hes
been given to indicate that II WAS e3eas1J
the tAteotien 81 the aswnAssrs - TsoStda
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1913-09-15

There ig hardly any doubt that the play
Of the tackles this year 10 going to be q
much more important feature than In any
Of the previous years OF foot ball, not
outstanding the value OF their work In
the past. With the rule which will allow
4 defensive back ito DO bowled over before
ne can break Up o forward pass a much
-tronger secondaTy defense for that kind
IF play win BE- required. one man VIII
rot be able 10 stop forward PASSES this
season, which means that the secondary
defense must be moved farther back and
moro to one side Unless that is done a
team with an accurate thrower would
run uD and down the field simply by
uafng passes continually. With the Sec
onA ost0nes Shaving faTther away frUm
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1913-06-27
Nettle Porridoe.

Mr.. Pepys was RECALLED with nettle
porridge at the house of a friend and
found it very good The same del
icacy is referred to by Evelyn. The
nettle, in fact, which the ignorant dis
miss as an unpleasant weed. is cap
able of doing all sorts Of things for
man. A Scot was able to boast thai
he had eaten n~ettles, slept in nettle
sheets. and dined off a nettle table
cloth. And it is at this time OF the
year that we should take out dose OF
nettles. Spring nettle tops boiled in
pottage. according to old authority.
consume the phlegmatic su~perf1uities
in the body of many that the GOODNESS
and moisture of the winter leave be-
hind"
The nettle Is not the only vegetable
delicacy enjoyed by country folk which
never finds it's way to the townsman's
table. In Kent, at this season, the
early shoots Of the wild hop are cook
ed and eaten as something superior
to asparagus. The plant needs search
ing for amid the hedges, but that. no
doubt, adds to it's piquancy. Hop hunt
ers, however, have always to remem-
Der that the taking of the cultivated
plant is a felony.-London Chronicle.
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1913-06-27
IS IT RIGHT TO ADVERTISE COCA
COlA2

Men who play the willy game of poll
tics have discovered that the best way
to distract the attention of the public
from their own shortcomings is to
make a loud.mouthed sensational at
tack upon someone else. AS h cut
fetish eludes it's pursuer by clouding
tie surrounding water with the con-
tents Of it's ink sac, SO the political ad-
.enturei takes advantage Of the igno-
and prejudices of the people to
escape from his indefensible position
by %muddying the waters of public
opinion.
a case in point is the recent attack
made upon the religious press for
carrying Coca-Cola advertising. This
tack was made b. a politician who
vas supposed to be an expert in chem
-stry but who. having brought a suit
.gainst the Coca-Cola Company, was
Iumiliated by having to acknowledge
that 4e could not qualify as al expert.
The court decided in favor of the Coca
Cola Company 20 it was clearly shown
that the only essential difference be-
tween Coca-Cola and coffee or tea is
that the former contains only about
half as much caffeine az the latter and
that the flavor is different.
The question as to whether it is right
to advertise Coca-Cola seems to resolve
itself therefore into the question as to
whether it is right to advertise coffee,
tea, chocolate. cocoa and other bever-
ages of the caffeine group.-Adv.
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1913-06-27

The bell echoed the hopes Of the peoples hearts
and it's melodious Bon Voyage" sounded over the
Delaware as he sailed away
When the planning and splitting mills were
closed and the manufacture of iron and steel PROD
ucts was prohibited by acts Of parliament In
Pennsylvania and the kings arrow was affixed
upon pine trees and the trade of the colonies In
all parts of the world restrained, the bell was
again tolled to assemble the people in the state
house yard to protest against such outrages.
Thus did the bell, long before the Revolution,
become the beloved symbol of truth and freedom
reinforcing with pugnacious and violent peals, the
cry Of determined citizens, in the largest political
meeting held up to that time in the state house
yard, that none OF the ship 'Pollys detestable
tea, ;" that had just been brought into the port
should be funneled down their Threats with par
lament duty mixed with It,"
When the port of Boston was closed In May,
liza, and the heart of the country was growing
heavier with its a%fliction. the bell was once more
carefully muffled and tolled in a solemn and pro
phetic manner, both to announce the closing OF
the port and, a little later, to call a meeting to
relieve suffering in Boston on account of the
restriction of its trade.
AS the conflict with England approached the
bell was rung more and more; its use became q
matter Of course, and then, on April 25. ITS,
just after the reports came to Philadelphia OF the
Battle of Lexington, 1T rang wildly to assemble
5000 people in the state house yard and to in
spire their souls to a resolution pledging their
all to the cause OF liberty.
It rang also to assemble the Continental con-
gress to its daily sessions. both at Carpenters
hall and independence hall, and. finally, Its crown
ing achievement, the one wild, defiant and joyful
ringing that, more than all the previous reverbera-
tons it made, gave it the sacred name OF The
Liberty Bell" occurred on July 8 (and not the
4th, as is generally believed, after the Declare.
ton OF Independence had been adopted.
This greatest Of its jubilees called the citizens
together in the yard to hear read in the stentorian
tones of John Nixon the first public proclamation
of the Declaration, and never did the old wooden
rafters of the state house steeple rock and trem-
BILE with; more sympathetic vibration than at this
time.
When returned to the old state house steeple
lgain one Of its first uses was to ring upon the
announcement OF the surrender OF Lord Cornwall
lis, in October, 1881, and tn the following month
to toll in welcoming Washington to the city. A
year and q half later 1t helped to proclaim the
treaty Of peace with Great Britain, and in Decem-
Der, 1893. it was munled for the first time in many
years, though not to mourn for lost liberty or
over tyrannical deeds, but to lend its almost
hushed music to the funeral solemnities of Wash
ington himself.
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1913-06-27
EARLY GREECE HAD RECALL
When Mar Rose to High Power He
Was Considered a Menace to
State and Was Exiled.

In the palmy days of the Greek re-
publics. many centuries ago, as his
torians tell us. when a man rose to
that he became a possible menace to
the state, the citizens took a vote on
his case as an undesirable" says the
Christian Herald. This was sent to
the senate and, If the vote was suth-
GENTLY large and representative, that
body passed a resolution in which the
too distinguished citizen was invited,
in polite diplomatic terms, to a a
few years of retirement abroad-in
other words-he was officially eXiled
for the good Of the state. This was
"~ostracism,'' so called from the fact, it
is explained, that the voting citizens
wrote their m on oyster shells,
and it was instituted as a measure of
security to the commonwealth. Any
citizen of great wealth or influence,
or who had a large personal following
which might, In an emergency, be used
to the detriment of the state, was liza
BILE to receive this distinguished mark
Of public consideration. 1t was a kind
Of primitive recall" which had the
advantage of being equally applicable
to "ins" and outs" Those early
Greeks were wonderful fellows. and
knew how to deal with the knotty
problems Of their day. which doubt
less included grating and other hui
nan peculiarities not unknown in u
time. II an election did not suit them,
or If any man swelled too far above
his fellows, there was always the level
ing oyster as a wholesome corrective
in reserve.
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1913-06-27

Despite the fact that the Liberty Bell is one
of the most treasured Of national relics, it is not
originally an American product, but a foreign i'm
portation; and imported from England, too, where
it was first cast according to the order given in
October, 1851, by the superintendent of the state
house of the Province of Pennsylvania-now indie
pendence Hall.
Thomas Lester Of White Chapel, London, cast
the bell, and by August. 1859. 1t arrived in Phila-
delphia and was erected on trusses in the state
house yard. While being tolled and tested early
in September of the same year it was cracked by
the clapper, though by no unusually powerful
stroke. Concerning this accident. Isaac Morris
wrote, March 10, 1853:
Though the news of our new bell cracking is
not very agreeable to us, We concluded to send 1T
back by Captain Budden. who had brought it from
London last August. but he could not take it on
board, upon which two ingenious workmen under
took to cast it here, and l am just now Informed
they have this day opened the mould and have
got a good bell, which, l confess, pleases me very
much, that we should first venture upon and sue
coed in the greatest bell cast, for aught know,
in English America. The mould was finished in
a very mastery manner, and the letters, am
told, are better than COM the old one. When we
broke up the metal our judges here generally
agreed 1t was too high and brittle, and cast sew
eral little bells out of it to try the sound and
strength, and fixed upon a mixture Of an ounce
and a half Of copper to the pound of the old bell,
and in this proportion we now have it"
Herman Pass, from the Island of Malta, and
Jacob Stow, a son Of Charles Stow, the doorkeep-
CT y lHS oSeLuUiy WSI IL W SSulOQ WOlA-
men referred to in the above letter. After the
second casting Of the bell 1t was again hung and
tested in the spring of 1888. More defects were
soon found, however. The American casters.
Pass and Stow. who were not bell founders by
trade at all. had put too much copper in the metal
SO that Its sound was impaired. Disappointed
with that failure and also nettled At the gibes Of
their townsmen concerning 1t, they asked permits
sion to cast the bell . second time. Thomas Les
ter, the original maker OF 1t, also offered his
services, but the authorities decided to allow
Pass and Stow to proceed again, and thus the
third and present casting was made, and again
the bell was raised; this time in the state house
steeple itself. That operation was completed by
the end Of August OF 1853. when the American
casters we're paid eco 1Ss. Cd. for their labors.
Then began Its chimes, August 81, 1883. when
1t called the assembly together. ringing out the
old, ringing In the new; sounding its melodies for
innumerable public and private events during
more than fourscore of years.
The first individual for whom it rang was Frank
lin; sent home to England" to ask redress for
the grievances of the colonies in February. 1857.
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1913-06-27
Mail Boxes on Stree; Cars.

Letter boxes on street cars may be
found in Des Moines and Burlington,
Ia, and Grand Rapids, Mich.
Passengers may post letters on the
cars or mail may be put in the box
while passengers are getting on and
of the cars. The conductors are not
prohibited from taking mail from peo-
pie while the cars are moving. al it is
easy to slip it into the box nearby at
the back Of the car. If n signals
the car to stop for the purpose. n
gives the conductor the minimum car
fare, and he punches a ticket for 1t as
though for a regular fare.
The people in the outlying districts
are greatly benefited, as they a send
a letter to the central %postofice every
hour as easily as those living in the
center of the city.
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1913-06-27
New

A new phenomenon has been OBJ
served by Professor Right to which he
gives the name of lono-magnetic rota-
ton. If a spark from a condenser Of
considerable capacity Is sent horizon
tally through a gas and two small YER
teal vanes of mica in the form OF a
cross are suspended in the middle of
the discharge by a n fiber attached
to the center of the cross. the spark
produces no rotation of the cross. II.
however. a verti magnetic field is
established iEe beS5 the o 70.
tates throy-9electro srable angle If
tine o sss off, '0a NC the I aRiFh ans Is,
!: s: :: :: ; !! !|u| !l! &!
the other in these circumstances. The
observed rotations indicate that the
effects of the positive ions are in gen.
eral greater than those Of the mega
tive.
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1913-06-27

whether on a certain occasion he a
angry with his wife.
Il have neve been angry with my
wife in my life." witness replied.
Judge Cluer-You say SO; but I
could not honestly do So.
Mr.. Preedy-Did you bully her?
Witness-Certainly not. Is that a
usual thing to do?
Judge Cluer-Do not talk such nom
sense. Lots of men bully their wives;
and lots of wives bully their hus-
bands. Uaughter.) There is a little
of each.-London Chronicle.
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1913-06-27
BIsmarck's "Mot."

AS might be expected Of a man OF
iron. Bismarck's wit was of the sledg.
hammer sort. In 1852, according to
Intimate Memories OF Napoleon ILL.,
by Baron d'Ambes, he went to Paris
as Prussian ambassador.
II have never heard a German speak
French as you do" complimented the
emperor on the occasion Of their first
meeting.
Thanks. sire" returned Bismarck
Il have v heard a Frenchman
speak French as you do"
The emperor spoke with a per.
ceptible German accent.
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1913-06-27
Ideas Are Old.

In 1644 the possibilities of the sub
marine We're first p~ropounded, while
from the very earliest times men
have conceived the idea Of flying with
wings like birds. There Is no reason
whatever to doubt the fact that
Archytas OF Tarentum, about 1914
years before the Christian era. con
structed an automaton pigeon hat
would fly. Turning to other latter day
inventions, as they are generally re-
garded. it might be mentioned that
switchback railways were constructed
more than a hundred a ago, and
looping the loop was a sensation in
Paris in 1888, while roller skating.
which came up as a new invention
about forty years ago, was being in
dulged in by our forefathers as far
back as 1929.
Chinese are gradually learning to
---
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1913-06-27
NO DIFFICULT FEAT AT ALL

was awarded a substantial amount.
When he received a bill from his law
yer, however, he vas stunned again,
and as soon as he could get into
hust,ing shape he FASTENED to see
him.
Your bill is outrageous" exclaimed
the client to the legal one. at is more
than threefourths of the amount that
| recovered"
quite true" was the calm response
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1913-06-27
Las, Resort.

Clerk-"I can't sell this silk at all,
sir. AS soon as l tell the price they
say it is not worth it." Floor Walker
well, we must get rid of it some
how. Mark it up a dollar a yard
more and put it on the bargain coun-
ter."-Puck.
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1913-06-27

of the lawyer. but you mustn't for
get that l furnished the skill and legal
learning for the ase."
Yes. excitedly cried the client,
but I furnished the case"
"Oh. as far as that goes" was the
scornful reply of the lawyer, ANYBODY
can fall down a coal hole."-Philadel-
phia Times.
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1913-06-27
.ss Explanation VIII Appeal &C
~ As Containing Noticeable
Grains Of Truth.

lobby of a Washington hotel
n evening they were talking
g legal fees, when Represen.
cited a case.
time since. according to the
htative, a man fell into an
4 hole, sued for damages and
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1913-06-27
The Torture. Of Prrckly Heat

and all skin affections are quickly al
leviated and in a short time complete
ly cured by using Tyree's Antiseptic
Powder. 25c. at druggists. For free
sample write J.. s.. Tyree. Chemist,
Washington, d. C.-Adv.
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1913-06-27
Their Goal.

Then literally. they are after the man
higher up"
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1913-06-27

Many a man gets up steam without
Bpouting any hot air.
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1913-06-27
Domestic Rullies.

A case was being heard in the
Shoreditch County Court, when Mr..
Preedy, barrister. asked a witness
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1913-06-27

NUS& since it seems that the crack in the
* NV bell is extending, a definite settlement
Of the question as to whether the relic
Id be permitted to travel any more appears to
bout due, and just now. when the anniversary
lie nations independence is upon us. is a rea-
3ble time for discussion of the matter.
1ilfred Jordan, curator Of the independence
Museum, measured the second crack before
BELLS last journey and then measured 1T again
its return. He found that it had increased
bngth to a slight degree.
one knows just when this second crack
bred, and opinions differ; but compared to
bid crack it is Of recent origin and is dis
ky visible. Mr.. Jordan. however, was the first
III attention to a long and almost invisible
lfsfon of the second crack and finds that 1t
Il reaches one-third way around the bell, from
END of the old original fracture, which was
bound properly.
kting an end to the bells pilgrimages would
sense at all be due to a disinclination of
eople or councils Of Philadelphia to allow the
to view and possess the sacred relic even
short time. Indeed Philadelphia would be
too glad to send 1t, for since the bell has
by helped by its travels to lessen the sec
feelings between the north and south, so it
help unite the citizens of our republic who
n the Atlantic seaboard with those who live
. Pacific.
lie do either sections realize how intimately
eli is connected with the contamination OF
bation, early political ideals and with the
BIT OF it's impulses in Colonial days. This old
b relic not only helped to proclaim indie
Dnce, but for years before Its rang loud to
fate the hopes of the people and rang low
Dne their woes!
% its sides is this inscription:
d proclaim liberty throughout all the Land
sl the Inhabitants thereof."-Lev. 25, 10. A
ks Providence indeed wrote that inscription
crown many years before it's throbbing
- and melodious eloQuence had aught at
do with liberty!
pouncing p~roclamations OF war and treaties
Eee; welcoming the arrival and bidding God
to departing notables; proclaiming some
ION OF the English royal family to the
! and the secession therefrom Of the Ameri-
lonies! Its more customary use, however.
call the members Of the assembly Of Penn
together at the morning and afternoon
s and to announce the opening OF the
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1913-06-27

Proof.
You are not my friend, Wooster"
81 am your friend, Biffels. l never say
what / think of your neckties."
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1913-06-27

Chinese are gradually learning to
wear European shirts and collars.
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1913-06-27

INCE negotiations have already been
opened by the management OF the
Panama exposition and commonwealth
of California with the city of Philadel-
phia to obtain the Liberty Bell as one
of the exhibits for that occasion, and
since it seems that the crack in the
bell is extending, a definite settlement
of the nlestian as to whether the relic
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-01-19
Robert E. Lee

Today is the anniversary of Robert
E. Lee. January 10 is legal holiday
in Alabama and six other southern
states and when it falls on week day
the banks are closed.
In the south there may have been
differences of opinion about some OF
the Confederate leaders. Some OF
them were criticised during the war
and after, but about Robert E. Lee
there was only one opinion. He was
esteemed throughout the Confederacy
as the greatest commander OF the war
and military critics north of the Poto-
mac were always ready to concede
that he was one of the greatest SOL
diers, if not the greatest, this coun-
try has produced After he died, Lees
memory was affectionately cherished
in the south, but now and for some
years past eulogies of him are heard
the north as well as the
south.
As great as General Lee was as
warrior he was still greater as man.
His nobility of character transcribed
his military genius although the nines-
teenth century never had an ADLER or
more chivalrous chieftain. His mental
poise, his sense of duty, his moral
courage and all the other manly vir-
tues were sublime and made him stand
out an ideal figure worthy to serve
as a paragon for the youth of the
centuries to come. He was indeed
great Christian man and on each re-
curing anniversary old and young
will think of Lee fondly and with un-
feigned reverence.
His name will go down the corri
dors of time with lustre undimmed
and the simple thought that may come
to us today is that the world is all
the better for Robert E. Lee having
lived in it.