davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening journal., 1913-04-18

II should be worked a year or two in
advance by the raising OF some thor
oughly titled crop, using as much ma
nure as possible IN the process. Late,
deep. fall plowing is preferable. turn
ing under a thick covering of we'll
rotted manure. In the spring, when
the frost is out of the ground, plow
burrows from six TO ten inches deep
and four feet apart. II the soil is
not OF the best quality two or three
inches OF well-rotted manure should
be placed in the bottom of each trench
and on this add a couple OF inches of
loose soil. Then place the plants in
the trench three or four feet apart
Cover with three inches of earth, It
not being we'll to cover deeper, as It
takes too long for the young shoots TO
push their way through. AS the shoots
grow the rest of the earth can be filled
In around them by after cultivation.
When filled in, the crowns OF the
plants should be about six inches be-
low the surface Of the ground, for II
planted much less the roots will push
up to the surface and interfere with
the cultivation.
Evening journal., 1913-04-18
TWO ROOT SYSTEMS OF CORN
Deep Cultivation Prunes Feeding
Branches and Lessons Ability to
Take Up Plant Food.

A knowledge Of the root systems Of
corn points out the kind Of cultiva-
tion to be practiced. There are two
systems, the primary and the second
airy, says the Breeders Gazette. The
primary roots are the fine, fibrous
roots, which almost completely I'LL the
top two feet OF soil, crossing each 9TH
er In the rows after the crop is half
grown. Deep cultivation prunes all
these feeding roots, lessons the abil-
ity OF the plant to take up plant food
and moisture and results in the loss OF
considerable water from the soil
through evaporation. Deep prepara-
tion Of the coil before planting and
shallow cultivation afterward is high
ly desirable. The day OF blowing"
the corn crop is gone.
The secondary roots are the tough,
fibrous roots usually extending from
one of the lower nodes on the stalk
into the soil The sole purpose Of
these seems to be to act as braces for
the plant to have hold it upright
Evening journal., 1913-04-18
ASPARAGUS IS HARDY
Select Spot Where Plant Can Re-
main Permanently.
Land Should Be Deep, Rich, Fertile,
Moist and Cool, With Warm Ex-
posure--Plsnt In Rows tho
Same as Corn, Etc.

One OF the best and easiest grown
Of our garden perennials is the as
paragus plant, says Green's Fruit
Grower. II can be started either from
seed or from plants. If one wishes to
raise plants to sell, plant the seed,
but II asparagus Is wanted for home
or market use It is better to set out
Yearling seedlings.
IL Is important In laying out the as
paragus plantation to select place
where Il can remain permanently for
If taken proper care Of the plantation
will last for twenty years. The old
idea was the asparagus bed" The
new Is to plant In rows the same as
corn, etc, so that for the market gar
den the cultivation can be done by
horse. The land selected should be a
deep, rich, fertile, moist and cool soil,
having warm exposure, a gradual
southern slope being preferred. II
the land is originally hard and coarse,
Evening journal., 1913-04-18

provided the sleeping quarters are
thoroughly cleaned and disinfected.
In dipping TO kill lice the coal-tar
dips OF the creoline type are better
than lime and sulphur II the hog
wallows are kept we'll filled with wa
ter. to which some Of the creolne
dips are added every ten days. the
swine win usually free themselves
from the lice. Another good way OF
combating the parasites is to tie
gunnysacks or other coarse cloths
around rubbing posts and keep these
cloths saturated with crude petrole-
an.
There are many coal-tar "dipss on
the market. They are made from the
products OF the distillation OF coal tar
and have a variety OF trade names.
creoline is one OF these preparations.
They are all dark-colored liquids
with a strong coal-tar odor and when
mi1ed with water form a milky white
OF slightly brownisn emulsion. We
have tried several kinds with ex-
cellent results. Practically all drug
EAa-r nave lArHr uiNcf Jul NC HOaAl
advise using a dip made BY a we'll
known and reliable firm. These dips
should be used a. the strength Of
one part Of the dip 10 forty or flfty
parts OF vEter. n rain water Is OBJ
tainahie II Is preferred 70 hard va
ter. These dips should be used warm.
There should be a dipping vat on
livery hog farm. They may be made
pf wood, galvanized iron or cement
rhey are set In the ground a. a con
venient place 50 that there Is good
surface drainage away from the vat
A good size for a large vat is ten feet
long on top. eight feet long on the bot
tom, and two feet wide on top. The
End where the hogs enter should b,
perpendicular and the other end in
clined, with cleats. so that the hog
can emerge after swimming through
The entrance should be by a slide
Such a tank is very useful whereeve
hogs are kept in numbers. as frequen
dipping tends TO keep the hogs health
and free from parasites.
Evening journal., 1913-04-18
GULL OUT UNDESIRABLE HENS
All FowIs That Have Passed Their
Term OF Usefulness Should Be
Marketed at once.

It is always seasonable to Gull out
the undesirable birds from a flock,
says the Poultry Journal. All hens
that have passed their term OF useful
ness should be marketed. While Gull
ing should be continued throughout
the entire year, the most heroic work
should be done in the fall. What
we call yearlings in poultry are those
which were hatched the year before
the pullets. They are nearer two
years old than one, and make ex-
cellent breeders After breeding pick
out of this flock such as are consider
ed Improbable. What we call the
two-yearolds are the ones that are
going into their second molt. Very
often some excellent layers are found
among these. and It pays to keep such,
but at that age the closer we Gull the
better viii be our profits. This Gull
ing, however, can only be successful
by close watching. No matter how
valuable a hen may be, II she proves
to be a feather puller OF an egg eater,
she. too. should be sent with the lot
Of culls to market
Evening journal., 1913-04-18
TO PREVENT CRACKED HEELS
PROPER FEED FOR HENS {,
ONIONS NEED MUCH LIME !
TO PREVENT CRACKED HEELS
Trouble May Be Avoided II Manure ls
Not Allowed to Accumulate and
Urine 10 Drained.
CBy DIR. Fl. PRESTON KosRINs, Uni
versity Farm. st. PAUL.

(By DIR. Fl. PRESTON KOSRINS, Uni
versity Farm, st. PAUL.
Scratches, also called cracked heels
OF mud fever, can be prevented by
careful stable management, Cases
are rarely met with ia we'll kept
barns. but are often seen In dirty,
poorly drained stables. Dryness and
cleanliness OF the floor OF the stall
are the two most important factors
In the prevention of scratches,
Horses should not be allowed to
stand IN piles of manure and decom-
posing urine, These irritate and in
flame the skin IN the fold Of the ankle
just below the fetlook The skin then
becomes thickened, due to the in1am-
nation and breaks or cracks in II ap-
pear and II allowed to 60 untreated
the condition grows gradually worse.
The affected area grows larger, the
cracks become deeper and the animal
is in an unsightly aud painful condi-
ton.
Owners of horses can prevent the
trouble IN the majority OF cases by
doing two things. DO not allow man
ure to accumulate behind your horses,
and see that your stalls are 80 con-
structed that the urine win drain
away promptly If your horses show
any tendency toward the condition ap-
ply G small amount OF carbolized vase
line, benzoinated lard. or zinc oxide
ointment, well rubbed into the af-
fected parts. These remedies will
soften the skin and protect 1t from
external moisture and irritating sub
stances. During wet weather or when
the roads and streets are muddy or
slushy, extra precaution should be
taken to prevent the condition. Do
not wash cracked heels, as water and
rubbing only aggravate the condition.
Evening journal., 1913-04-18
BIG FACTOR IN INCUBATION
for Many Failures In Artlfielally
Hatched Eggs.

The question OF the cause OF causes
OF the lower Matching percentage that
commonly characterizes artificial in
cubation when compared with results
obtained when eggs are set under
hens is a matter about which there
is considerable conjecture, but little
definite knowledge. In connection with
various theories that have been ad-
vanced and several experiments that
have been made. 1t is perhaps sug-
gestive that investigators have re-
Gently inclined to the opinion that un-
satisfactory results are probably due
in greater measure than is generally
supposed to an excess Of ventilation.
Several authorities are mentioned
in support OF the statement that
there is a larger amount OF carbon d.
oxide In the air surrounding the
eggs that are naturally hatched than
In well ventilated incubator and the
question is raised as to whether and
to what extent it may be an essential
factor in incubation.
Evening journal., 1913-04-18
WATER REQUIRED FOR SHEEP
Animals Win Bountlfui eupply Pro-
duee More Mutton Than Those
That Ard Deprived Of IL

Experiments carried on with cattle
showed that cattle given plenty OF
wator with their pasture contained
more moisture and less dry matter
than did tho cnrcasses OF cattle given
pasture but no additional moisture.
II 10 generally accepted principle Of
feeding that Il costs more and more
to produce meat as the moisture de-
creases and the dry matter increases.
From this wo are able TO deduce the
fact that II costs less to grow the
steers that had plenty Of water, and
so made watory carcasses. than II did
70 grow the steers that had no water
other than that IN their food and ro-
produced a dry carcass.
What Ii true IN the case OF steors
would hold equally true in the case
OF sheep. Sheep given plenty Of water
win produce mutton more cheaply
than will those deprived Of It. Muscle
expansion viii bo more active IN the
one case than In the other, and that
is another reason why mutton pro
duction would be cheaper
There is considerable water IN any
Of the pasture crops that sheep eat,
and they get stu more moisture from
the dew that collects ON the grass
blades in early morning and late eve
ming; but from those two sources,
while II gets enough water to keep II
alive. a sheep still does not get
enough water to keep It in the very
best growing condition nor TO keep
all its bodily processes going on in
the most effective manner possible.
There Is not an organ in the body
that can function properly without
water TO aid q. Being one Of the
chief constituents OF blood water is
carried 10 every part Of the system.
and not alone helps Il in getting it's
nourishment, but also in ridding It Of
its impurities. II is obvious that a
large amount OF water must be neces-
sary to keep the sheep doing we'll.
Enough is not gotten with the food,
even In summer. and this amount
should be supplemented by all that
the sheep will drink when given con-
stant access to II.
Evening journal., 1913-04-18
ERADICATE: HOG LOUISE
Vigorous and Patient Treatment
Is Required.
elcod-sucklns Parasites Cause muo
Irritation Of Skln-ln Dipping
creollne Is Better Than Lime
and Sulphur.
cpy n. s. MAYo)

The hog louise is a common parasitic
pest on swine and one that requires
vigorous and patient treatment to
eradicate. The hog louise ia one OF
the largest OF the lice that attacks
domestic animals. They are readily
seen travelling about on TIE bristles.
usually on the neck, back OF the ears
moving with a peculiar sliding mo-
ton. The eggs or "nits' are small,
white. oval bodies attached to the
bristles. Hog lice may be found on
almost any part OF the animals body,
but are most common about the neck,
ears and back OF the elbow.
These are blood-sucking parasites
and, by biting the hog and abstract
lng blood, they cause a good deal OF
Irritation OF the skin. The animal
fubs on posts and other objects and
the coat looks rough and harsh. The
parasite and eggs are easily found
upon examination. The parasites are
transmitted from one animal to an
other by contact, or by contact with
infected bedding OF quarters.
Dipping the animals three or four
times at intervals OF ten days viii usu-
ally free them from these parasites,
Evening journal., 1913-04-18
LIME REQUIRED FOR ONIONS
Soil ls Made Looser and Therefore
More ProductlVe-Success At
trlbuted to Substance.

Much Of my success in growing big
onions, many specimens weighing
pound and half apiece, attribute to
a free application Of lime to the land
in spring, says the Farm and Fire.
side. Likewise, believe that similar
applications, just before sowing the
seed of the Portugal onion early in
August have helped me to get a re-
markably fine stand and growth.
l have used manures right along.
year after year. The land is rich. The
fine and almost spontaneous growth
OF clover on any patch that is left
to itself for while would hardly show
that there is any need OF lime. Yet,
owning perhaps to faulty drainage, the
land often turns up rather soggy, with
close texture. Lime seems to make
it closer, and therefore more produc-
tive.
Evening journal., 1913-04-18
PROPER FEED FOR THE HENS
Varied Diet Necessary for Beat Re
sults From L0ysrs--Dry Mash
Always Before Fowls.

A method which has given very sat.
isfnctory results for the American
breeds has been worked out by Prof.
J. G. Graham OF the Massachusetts
Agricultural college. A dry mash is
kept in hoppers before the hens at
all times and a scratch feed is fed
night and morning. The dry mash is
composed Of equal parts bran, wheat
middlings, corn meal. finely ground
oats, ground alfalfa and beef scraps,
and the scratch feed Of two parts
cracked corn. one part wheat and one
part oats. says tho Farm and Home.
The scratch feed is varied. depend
ing somewhat upon the condition OF
the hens. II on examination they are
found too fat more oats and wheat
and less corn are fed. Sometimes we
feed three parts Of corn to two parts
OF wheat at night and oats In the
morning.
At certain seasons of the year more
grain Is fed at night In the litter than
the hens will eat, 30 there win be some
left for them to work on early the
next morning. This is found to be
very satisfactory method. At times
oats are fed alone. for when the three
are mixed together the wheat and
corn are picked up 1rst and the hens
that eat the fastest get very little of
the oats.
II It is desired to force the hens, In
addition to the dry mash and grain.
moisten some OF the mash. getting 1t
TO a crumbly state and placing 1t In
troughs, what they will eat in 10 min
utes. This is fed at night. Fresh
water, oyster shell and grit are kept
before the hens. Mangels and cab
bages are fed whole every day when
possible, but at least three times
week.
Evening journal., 1913-04-18
IMPROVING HEN FLOCK
Great Deal Depends on Selection
Of Setting Eggs.
shobId Be Those Freni Year Old
6IrdsI as Chicks VIII Be Larger
and Stronger Than Those
From Fulletss
tBy A. i. wItpER)

10y A. " WtiIBBfNJ
Care should be taken to save for
settings only the eggs from the best
hens A very great difference can
be made In flock in a few seasons
by The selection Of the eggs fer hatch
Ing.
by choosing the largest eggs the
fowls will be much larger in size, but
there is a great probability that they
will not be good layers. The hen that
lays an unusually large egg is uuits
likely to lay only every ether day.
BY setting her eggs and again the
next season Setting the largest eggs,
you will develop strain Of large
fowls that will lay very large eggs,
but will lay only every ether day, or
even less.
On the other hand, II you set the
eggs from the hens, that as pullets
laid during their ifst fall and win.
ter, and continue to set eggs from
such hens, you will develop a strain
OF early winter layers.
The eggs for settings should be
from year old hens, as the chicks will
be larger and stronger than those
from pullet eggs. 1t is best to mate
Evening journal., 1913-04-18
BENEFICIAL EFFECT OF LIME
Substance Improves Sandy Soils by
Making Them More Compact and
Retentlve Of Moisture.
By b. H. HITE.)

Nothing in agricultural science or
practice may be mentioned with more
assurance than the beneficial effect Of
lime on easily puddled stiff clay soils.
This is so nearly matter Of common
knowledge, the wonder is that anyone
viii worry along with such soils year
after year, and even from one genera
tion to another, while the possible in
crease in yield In a single year will
often pay for the necessary lime.
Lime may improve loose sandy soils
by making them more compact and
more retentive of moisture. For this
purpose some form Of carbonate of
lime is usually recommended, and in
much smaller quantities than for clay
soils. Clay soils will stand more lime
Evening journal., 1913-04-18
l5
Manure sprsader with Lime Hood.

and. for almost every purpose, require
more lime than sandy soils. The i'm
provement OF sandy soils will often be
much greater II the lime is applied to
green crop turned under. Lime
hastens the conversion of the vege-
table matter into humus, and this with
the lime helps to fill the open spaces
between the sand grains. It is claimed
by those who have given much atten.
tion to light sandy soils that there are
no other types of soils that will re-
spond quite so readily to lining, pro-
vided the necessary vegetable matter
is supplied.
Evening journal., 1913-04-18

cockerels instead Of old cocks with
these hens, as the eggs are more apt
to be fertile and there will be larg-
er percentage OF pullets.
Choose the medium sized, well
shaped eggs and be sure the shell is
firm and strong. A weak she'll is sure
to be broken, and, besides the loss of
the egg itself, will likely ruin sew
eral of the other eggs in the nest and
may even teach the hen to break and
eat them.
Feed the hens a little air Stacked
lime in the mash to give the eggs a
good strong shell. Be sure the lime is
well Stacked and give two tablespoon
fuls to 100 hens every day.
Do not force the breeding stock for
egg production. Feed them mostly
whole grain. wheat, oats. corn and
barley. Let the mash be a light feed
and give them fresh sweet meat
scraps twice a week.
Feed plenty Of green food, unless
the fowls have range where they can
find It for themselves. Keep them
supplied with pure, clean drinking wa,
ter and have charcoal, grit. oyster
shell and dry bone always before
them.
Don't forget a little salt IN the
mash. 1t should always be salted as
much as the same quantity of food
would be for the table.
The hens must be made to exercise
by scratching for their grain in the
litter. They must be healthy and IN
good condition II you are to raise
strong, healthy chicks.
A diseased condition OF the hen ia
transmitted to the egg and will ap-
pear in the chick when hatched-
Evening journal., 1913-04-18
save the Early Layers.

Hens that lay but few eggs are ami
NAL weeds. II we breed from them
they are more than likely to yield
daughters that will be weeds also.
Farmers and small poultrymen who
cannot afford to use trap nests can
pick out the puIlets in September and
October that are about commencing
to lay, and save pen OF them for
next seasons breeders.
The pullets that commence laying
early usually continue to lay we'll
In this way most Of the weeds can
be kept out Of the breeding pen.
Evening journal., 1913-04-18
Wheat. Rxe and Barley.

Wheat and rye have about the same
composition. although wheat is some
what richer in protein. Rye is in gen
eral tougher and harder 10 grind.
Both are quite digestible. but less so
than corn, on account Of the larger
percentage OF hull When they can
be had at about the price OF corn they
may profitably form a part OF some
rations. They are fed more satisfac-
torily when ground than when whole.
Barley seems to rank between wheat
and oats. II is not used very exten-
sively as stock food in the east.
except when the quality is too poor
TO permit its use for mailing pur-
poses.
Evening journal., 1913-04-18
Eneet Of Animal Husbandry.

Live stock make It necessary to
diversity crops and grow more crops
upon which there is a wider margin
OF profit. Animals also distribute la
Dor, furnish employment in time of
bad weather, or when field work is
not possible. Animal husbandry is the
logical way to insure soil improve
ment, as the increased fertility from
manure is often sufficient to justify
raising animals.
Evening journal., 1913-04-18
BALKAN BLoUSEs.
Quite the Latest Effects In the New
Waists.

Quite tho Latest Effects In the New
Waists.
The blouse OF cotton Grape. voile or
some similar soft. clinging cotton STUFF
with a touch of vivid color is feature
Of the new season. These models are
called Balkan blouses and reflect the
influence which the present war in
Europe is having on feminine costume.
for Balkan frocks. blouses and hats
nre all the rage in Paris now. For the
tidy price Of S12 or S13 may be picked
up veritable bijou OF Balkan blouse
made OF French cotton Grape with all
edges bound with red or green silk
braid and a small braid bound breast
pocket embroidered gayly to match.
A 6aring directOire collar. also braid
bound. and groups Of gay buttons down
the front. and there you are. not much
to show for your S13 perhaps in the
way OF fabric and trimming. but be-
hold the chic and the "line.' as the
deft sales person IN the little blouse
shop will assure you. Some of these
Balkans have gay Turkish neckties OF
crimson OF purple silk embroidered in
contrasting hues. These ties are drawn
softly under the rolling collar and knot
ted four-in-hand style. the long ends
passing under buttonholed slashes in
the front OF the blouse and then fall.
ing free to the waist line One Of these
Balkan blouses made OF dotted white
cotton Grape and bound at the 'front.'
sleeve and collar edges with green silk
braid was noted the other morning at
"a fashionable hotel. the blouse being
worn with a smart new tailleur Of
mixed black and white worsted stun
and a black milan straw turban.
Evening journal., 1913-04-18
EInhtInn stock Lice.

When treating cattle or other do
nestle animals for lice, bear in mind
that it is just as necessary to clean
up and disinfect the stables, as to
treat the affected animals.
For lice on cattle. advises DR.. Rey-
nolds, dust Persian insect powder
over the backs and rumps; OF brush
the necks and backs daily; using a
little kerosene on a stiff brush-not
enough kerosene to wet the hair or In
iure the skin.
Evening journal., 1913-04-18
rransuIantino to Open.

Harden OF all plants before setting
from the house or hotbed to the open
ground This is done by gradually re-
ducing the amount of water. and Civ
ing rlore air. II causes the plant to
partly ripen up its wood, and it is
thus better able to stand the change
to climatic conditions outside. Plants
properly hardened on have a dull
purplish color and firm wood
Evening journal., 1913-04-18
Box Trap.

sS inch; back, one piece. 2 feet by
lOhx& inch. In the picture T, trig-
ger about 10 inches long; B, brace
which fits In notch at N; p.
wooden pin used as hinge at X. After
box is constructed from material given
above, bore a hole in the back little
larger than the trigger; take a stout
cord. fasten it at s. draw through
notch at R. and tie to center OF
brace. Stick an apple on trigger. as
shown in cut, and the trap is ready for
the rabbit.
Evening journal., 1913-04-18
protnotIon fnr rre..

Some orchardists have been sue
cessful in protecting their trees by
smearing the trunks near the ground
with mixtures which are distasteful
to rabbits. For this purpose white
wash, a mixture of glue and copperas,
decoction of qusssia chips and blood
or grease, have been used. Mechan-
ical protection by means of some
wrapping is more permanent and eff
fective than any form OF wash.
Evening journal., 1913-04-18
HaIter.Rrrakinn Colt.

Never let colt grow to any con-
siderable age and size without halter
breaking him. Hundreds of valuable
young horses are much injured In dis
position by letting him run until
they are two and three years of age,
and then for the first time cornered
in a stall by several farm hands,
which may be frolic to the latter,
but quite contrary to the former.