The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1913-04-30

driven weeper suction machines were
in use. but found them unsatisfactory,
in that while they would pick up an
object not to exceed the weight of half
an ordinary brick, they would leave
light articles such as string and pieces
Of paper lying fiat.
Bradford.
The city of Bradford, with a popula-
ton of 2S9, 618, has 239 miles Of streets
and roadways, III miles of which are
paved with granite and Yorkshire
stone sets, h remaining 1872 miles be-
ing macadamized roadways, in the
preparation of which thirty different
kinds of macadam have been intro
duced in various parts for testing pur-
poses, so as to secure the nearest ap-
proach to a 2ustless roadway.
The heart of the city lies in a hol-
low, the ~radiating trunk roads, with
one exception, rising by varying gra-
dents to a considerable altitude. The
principal industry of Bradford is in
connection with wool and it's products,
which embrace q combing, spinning,
manufacturing, dyeing and finishing.
Consequently there is a large amount
of heavy traffic in the city. The gen.
eral humidity Of the atmosphere, COM
bined with the smoke and grit dis
charged from the numerous mill Chin
neys, has a tendency to make the
streets very greasy whenever other
than dry weather prevails.
The STRENGTHENING department of
the city in in charge of a superintend-
ent, who is under the control of a sub
committee of the city council. For
street cleaning purposes the city is
divided into thirteen districts, each
being supplied with its own necessary
appliances, for which it is RESPONSE
BILE. These districts are divided into
four principal districts, each of which
has three subdistricts, and n order
ly district in the center Of the city.
Twelve ordinary one-horse rotary
brushes are used, seven feet six inches
wide, with a sweep of five feet, made
byt H. Wadsworth & Sons of Halifax,
each costing $131 to $155 according to
the quality and fittings. They travel
at the rate of three to five miles per
hour.
The orderly or central section is
swept at $50 a. m. and is covered
again four times throughout the day
during week days, and twice on Sun
days, at 6 a. m. and 2:30 p. m. In the
other sections the principal streets
are swept daily, secondary streets on
alternate days during the week, by
streets which have fairly heavy traffic
twice a week, and all others once a
week. The brush machine sweeps the
accumulation into the channel rs it
proceeds, and men following with
brooms, clear the channel and pile the
dirt into small heaps which are col
lected into carts and removed to vari-
Gus centers, where it is sorted and all
lowed to stand for three to six months.
Some %, 900. to 5000 carloads are
thus treated annually.
It is stated that four-fifths of the
s~weepings are used for fertilizing pur-
n@-aH ALN r,~,af-In- [nfn- 1rGa1 for
dwelling up ground, In dry weather, to
keep the dust from rising, the sweep
ers are preceded by a watering cart.
Sand is used on the greasy surface of
sidewalks and paved streets, and on
two or three short stretches of roadway
laid with wood blocks in the center
of the city, small granite is used to
prevent slipping and side skids. The
principal sidewalks and crossings are
also ."s~queegeed" in wet or dirty
weather.
The STRENGTHENING department en-
ploys a regular staff of 147 men, in
Guiding two inspectors at $3.50 per
week of forty-nine and a half hours,
thirteen foremen sweepers at $6.56, and
two foremen trappers (street grids) at
1925. The ordinary men receive $3.50
per week. Forty-two outfits, each con-
sisting of horse cart and driver, are
employed regularly at $12.56 each per
week. The total cost of the street
cleaning is about $500 per annum,
which includes salaries of officials,
wages of workmen and all expenses.
The cleansing committee of the
Bradford city council, recognizing the
necessity of improving appliances for
street cleansing, has inspected a patent
motor vacuum road cleaner exhibited
at Southport. It is made by /. & p.
Hill, of Sheffield, n consists Of a
four cylinder twenty to thirty horse
power engine, with a cylindrical
sweeping roller and shell n an iron
receiver behind capable of holding
two tons of refuse. The sweeping
roller comprises twenty brushes, five
feet in length and has a circumferen-
tial speed of 1850 feet per minute,
the speed creating sufficient draft to
collect by suction all the dust and de-
post it in the receiver. The makers
claim for it an increase in the area
swept by Sc per cent, and a decrease
in the cost of 80 per cent. In addi-
ton there is a gain from a sanitary
point Of view through preventing the
dissemination of germ-laden dust.
Nottingham.
Nottingham has a population of $780,
900. extends over an area or 10000
acres, and has 230 miles Of streets,
The cost of street cleaning is between
100000 and $780, 900 per year. From
fifty to seventy rotary brushes are EN-
ployed, according to the state OF
the weather, and the number of carts
increases or diminishes from the same
cause; 100 hand sweepers are used.
Only n or w w IN Englano
have taken up motor sweepers and mo-
tor watering vans, and neither of these
machines is used in Nottingham. How
| ever. the city is we'll cleaned and pre-
sents q neat and wholesome appear
ance. All important thoroughfares
are cleaned every tWenty-four hours,
the less important streets being clean
| ed two or three times a week. The
horse brushes. Immediately preceded
by watering carts Except when a
freezing temperature prevails), are
started to work at midnight and con-
tinue until 8 a. m. An interval OF
one-half hour is allowed for break
fast and feeding the horses. The hand
sweepers begin at 4 a. m. n do min
hours of actual work, with one-halt
hour for breakfast and the same fol
lunch The force is reduced to one
half the usual number on Sundays,
the men taking alternate turns at Sun
day work. Both drivers of horse
sweepers and hand ~scavengers earn an
average Of $6.5S per week.
In the event of a fall of snow, carts
are sent out to sprinkle salt on all i'm
portant thoroughfares, followed by
plows and brushes. Snow in the city
seldom exceeds three or four inches in
depth. although a fall of nine inches
has been noted. Snow, If clean, is
tipped into the sewers; otherwise per-
mission is obtained to deposit it on
vacant ground on the city borders.
Refuse from the streets, such as
large scraps of paper, or range and
banana peels. are picked out by hand