davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1913-12-18
|S0LSTAD CHOSEN PRESIDENT
Sons Of Norway Held Annual Election
OF Officers and Social Session
Wednesday Niglt,

9. II. Solstai was chosen president
OF the local lodge Of the Sons Of Nor
way at the annual election Of officers
held Wednesday night by that organ
izatton. Following the business meet
Ing there was a social session in
which the members of the Daughters
of Norway took part.
The complete list Of the officers
chosen is:
President-J. H. Solstad.
Vice President-Oluf vaksvik.
Secretary-A. G. Glaserud.
Treasurer. johnson.
Financial Secretary-Peter Stan
del.
Regent-Andrew stern.
Marshal-Paul How.
Inside Guard-K. Western,
Outside Guard-George Larson.
Trustee. Three Years-Thomas
THOMPSON.
Lodge Paper Editor-Christ Hanson
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1913-12-18
AUTO TO DELIVER PACKAGES
Extra Force of Men Will Go to Work
at Grand Forks Postofiice
Saturday.

Automobile delivery service will be
inaugurated at the Grand Forks post
office next Saturday in order to take
care of the great volume of extra
business incidental to the Christmas
season. - ga
It is also planned to put two extra
men to work Saturday, and four more
the following Monday. In this way 1t
is thought that the Christmas matter
can be delivered without delay.
Several letter. addressed to Santa
Claus have already been received at
the local postoffce. In accordance
with an order recently issued by the
postmaster general, these will be
turned over to the various local chari-
table organizations.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1913-12-18
FUND FOR old HONE
Senator Il. I. GronyOld OF Rugby In
Grand Forks Today EnrOute
from Committee Meeting.

Senator r. T. Gronvold of Rugby
was in Grand Forks today enroute
home from Crookston, where he at
tended a meeting Of the committee in
charge Of the ''minde gave" for Egg
gedal, Norway. The committee has
raised between $4,000 and $4,000.
1t is the purpose Of the Eggedal
people in the United States to make
the gift to their old home to be used
as a part of a fund for developing
electrical power through the utiliza-
ton of water power, available in un-
limited quantities.
Senator Gronvold is a we'll known
member of the state legislature. ana
his term expires next year. He is
undecided yet whether he will make
the race FOR reelection.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1913-12-18
DIDN'T E JOB
Low Bidder Declares Toll Was Ex..

Low Bidder Declares Toll Was Exact.
ed and That Another Got Work.
New York, Dec. 1S.-The grand
jury today heard further testimony
Groton acquaduct, a new phase of
District Attorney Whitman's inquiry
into political graft. The story of An
thony c. Douglass. a tunnel builder.
is that although he was the lowest
bidder, he failed to get a contract for
the Hudson river work, after he re-
fused to contribute to certain poll
ticians. was supplemented by a num-
Der of witnesses.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1913-12-18
SPLENDID JAMESTOWN Meeting
Mrs. j. f. Stevens Home From Sue.
cessful NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS.
Gatherings.

Mrs. J. e. stevens has returned
very successful meetings in behalf of
the anti-tuberculosis movement. At
one meeting an audience of over 700
people was gathered, and at that gath
ering. introduced by Representative
Buck of Stutsman county, endorsing
the Hobson resolution for national
prohibition. was adopted unanimous
ly.
Mrs. Stevens is very enthusiastic
over the success of her jamestown
meeting.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1913-12-18
STATE LABORATORY
DIRECTOR RESIGNS
RUSSELL WILL FIGHT
HAS COST 100000;
ESTATE TOTALS 100000

Cambridge, Mass, Dec. 1s.-
After an expenditure OF between
100000 and 100000 in contest
ing the claim of Dakota ban That
he Is Daniel Blake Russell, son
Of the late Daniel Russell of Mel.
rose, tho estate still Is valued at
100000. This appraisal vas
made in the probate court today
when tire will of William G. Rus.
sell, called brother by the two
claimants, was allowed BY Judge
Mcintyre.
Under William C. Russcll's will.
Fresno Dan, tlle accepted clailn-
ant, receives half the property.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1913-12-18
rail- COMPANY Makes denial
Suit Relative to Alleged Unfair
Freight Rates t. Dakota Points

The answer of the Great Northern
railroad to the complaint filed with
the interstate commerce commission
at Washington has been filed.
In the answer made by the Great
Northern they deny that the freight
rates to Fargo, Grand Forks and
Wahpeton are unreasonable and dis
c%riminatory, and ask that the COM
plant be dismissed.
The answer Of the Northern Pacific
has not yet been fled but 1t is ex-
pected that 1t will be within the next
few days.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1913-12-18
se5 coUNTERFE1TERs HELD.

Total Number of Arrests in Past
Year. Secret Service Report.
Washington, Dec. 1S.-There were
365 persons arrested for counterfeit
ing in the United States during the fs-
cal year ended June 80, last. accord
Flynn, chief of the secret service di-
vision Of the treasury department.
The amount Of counterfeit and al
tered notes conf1scated aggregated
$22,137; and the amount of counter
felt coins totalled $19,8S4.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1913-12-18
RATE INCREASE ATTACKED.

RATE INCREASE ATTACKED.
st. Louis, Dec. 18.-Protests against
the proposed increase from SO to 57h
cents a ton in the coal carrying rates
Of railroads entering st. Louis and
testimony tending to show that the
present rates allow the railroads n
reasonable profit were heard today at
the THIRD days session of the inter-
state commerce commissions inquiry.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1913-12-18
GRAFTON Lad HIT BY TRAIN
Northern Pacific Noon PASSENGER Seri-
Ously Injuries B0y-Horse
Killed.

The Northern Pacific train run
down and seriously injured a young
lad at Grafton this morning, the boy
driving onto the track just ahead of
the train. The horse had to be kill
ed, and the cart, used by the lad In
delivering meat, was smashed TO
kindling. :
The injured lads last mime Il Rye.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1913-12-18

COURT INDICTs NAVAL MAN.
Chicago, Dec. 1S.-Carl C. Christen-
sen, an assistant q~uartermaster in the
United States navy. has been indicted
in the United States court here charg-
ed with violating the Mann white
slave act.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1913-12-18
TO BUY IN WORLD MARKETS.
Navy Department to Take Advantag,
of the New Tariff.

Washington, Dec. 1s.-Taking al
derwood tariff law, the navy has
adopted the general policy of pur-
chasing supplies in the markets Of the
world instead Of only in. the American
market,
The latest call for bids put out by
the navy bureau of supplies and ac-
counts. is for 100000 yards of dark
blue cloth, for trousers, Jackets and
caps for enlisted men.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1913-12-18
VERMONT PROCEEDS SLOWLY
Disabled Battleship is Being 1Owed
To I2Ol.f hv nela xrare -

New York. Dec. 1S.-Wireless mes
sages received at Sandy Hook from
the battleship Vermont, which was
disabled last week when she broke
q shaft. state that onthe morning of
December IA, she was forced to re-
duce speed to eight knots because Of
additional trouble.
The %battleship Delaware has taken
the Vermont in tow and is proceeding
at a three knot speed. The messages
stated that repairs cannot be made be-
fore arrival at Norfolk.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1913-12-18

At least the men who drew up the
income tax law have given support to
the contention that the writing of toll
erably plain English is becoming a
lost art.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1913-12-18

The Texan who owns the pecan tree
yielding $500 a yea probably wouldn't
trade 1t for W. or even three hens.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1913-12-18

Very likely 1t ia easier for the suf-
fragists to appeal to King George to
ave Mrs. Pankhurst's life than to
show cause.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1913-12-18
RAISING OF MAINE COSTLY.
Total Expense SO: csc. Says Rcror,
Made to the House.

Washington. Dec. 1S.-Raising the
old b%attleship Maine from the mud 1t
Havana harbor cost the United States
$~792.989, according to a report sent to
the house Of representatives by the
war department.
This includes the transportation to
and burial Of the bodies Of more than
zoo Of her crew in Arlington.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1913-12-18
NOBEL PRIZE FOR HARDY.
Pail Mall Gazette Says English Al
thor Will Get Award.

for literature for 1914 is to be award.
ed, accordingly to the Pail Mall Ca
zette, to Thomas Hardy, the English
author.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1913-12-18

When your plans are upset and all
scattered about
Just make up your mind that you'll
find a way out.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1913-03-09

animals are then attacked by hosts OF
devils and monsters of unheard-of shapes.
The smoker becomes brave and possessed
OF superhuman strength. 1t is at this stage
Of the debauch that murders are COM
mitted by smokers Of the marlhuana weed.
A few Americans have experimental
with the weed. A few years ago we'll
known citizen of San Antonio purchased
large coffee plantation in southern Mexico.
He was induced to try smoking marihuana;
he became addicted to the habit, which
rendered him insane and finally caused his
death.
In another instance the superintendent
Of q mine in Mexico. who was an Amer
lean, became the object of hatred of ono
of the men In his employ. The Mexican
mixed marlhuana with the Americans to-
bacco. The latter became wildly insane
from smoking the mixture, made vicious
attack upon party of miners. was shot
and killed in the ARRAY.
Not long ago a Mexican of the lower
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1913-03-09

such as the echidnas and duck-billed
platypus.
The marsupials. or mammals which
have pouch, bringing forth the young
half-born, as 1t were. and continuing
birth processes in a pouch of tho skin,
are evidently later than the platypus, that
primitive creature which, though man.
NAL, lays eggs OF this great group there
are ten different kinds of which there
are still some types living. OF these ten,
nine are found only in Australia and
neighboring islands. Only one family
that Of the Opossums-is found elsewhere,
and it is solely an Antarctic type, found
principally in South America.
Three fossil links join South America
and Australia form Of turtle unknown
in the northern hemisphere; an ancestor
of n South American form. allied to the
Tasmanian wolf; and small creature
called the epanorthid, which is a distant
cousin of the kangaroo.
South America and Africa may be
bracketed together In just one curious
way, viz, the absence from both CONT
nents of early forms of the carnivorous
dog and cat families. AS result the non
fesh-eating mammals wero preyed on In
Africa solely by desh-eating creodonts,
Of which there are no living types, and
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1913-03-09

in South America by 1esh-eating marsu.
pals, Of which there are no living types.
This led partly TO the development in
South America OF the opossums. cayies.
Sloths, armadillos and various forms of
life which could not have survived the
struggle for existence had there been
present the specialized and active feline
and canine beasts OF prey In Africa it
led partly to the development OF certain
forms OF which that continent is regard
ed as the source, viz, elephants, sea-cows
comics.
The great northern continent OF Europe
and and-North-America, or the Hol-
arctic region, as it is sometimes called,
is responsible for all the rest OF the an
cestral animals from which the modern
types Of animals have been derived
But the problem as to the geographical
origin Of the ancestors OF man still re-
mains. There seems good evidence that
he is not OF the Antarctica type
AS the highest form Of animal, therefore,
man has developed in the central portion
Of Eurasia. the theatre of the principal
mammal development in the history OF
the world. Hitler the highest species OF
animals migrated from their original
cradles at the North and South Poles.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1913-03-09

S-S6-T HE revolution in Mexico has brought
with 1t not only the rayages of
n war, but also the degradation of
the social conditions Of soldiers and
prisoners. One Of the latest forms OF dis
sipation in the ranks Of federals and
rebels alike is the habit of smoking mari
huana, a deadly native plant of Mexico.
According to reports many of the Mexi-
can prisoners in the Belem prison in the
City OF Mexico are losing their minds rs
a result OF smoking this weed.
The dry leaves of marihuana, alone or
mixed with tobacco, make the smoker
wilder than a wild beast. 1t is said that
after the first three or four draughts Of
smoke the smoker feels q slight headache,
then he sees everything moving, and final
ly loses all control OF HIS mental faculties.
The next stage OF the intoxication is full
OF terrors. Troops Of ferocious wild anil
mails march before the vision OF the
smoker. Lions, tigers, panthers and other
wiid bcasts occupy his vision. These wild
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1913-03-09

class, living in the City of Mexico. who
had smoked a marihuana cigarette, be-
came insane, attacked and killed police.
man and badly wounded three others.
Marihuana is one of the most dangerous.
drugs found in Mexico The weed grows
wild in many localities in the southern
part OF that country. It's wonderful pow.
ers as an intoXicant have long been known
to the natives, and many are the wild
orgies it has produced. Sotd8ngerous is
this weed that in the City OF Mexico and
other Mexican cities the Government keeps
special inspectors constantly employed to
see that it IS not sold in the markets
There is in the State OF Michoacan an
gerous. among them the "totrache," al
sort of "loco" weed. The seeds OF this
plant boiled and drunk as tea will mako
a person insane. Among some classes of
Mexicans 1t is stated that Carlota, the
former Empress OF Mexico. lost her mind
because she was given totrache in a re.
freshment by her enemies.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1913-03-09

from nearly hemisphere. This, OF
course would promote uniformity Of tenn
peratures from the equator to the poles.
If thus receiving radiation from very
large solid angle, the intensity Of the
radiation need have been only very slight
indeed to maintain the earth's tempera-
ture. Such radiation might be furnished
by cloud OF small PARTICLES (not gases)
comprising the nebula. Even If they give
no considerable radiation of their own,
they would reflect that of the hotter solar
nucleus.
Another most important bearing Of the
discovery of former life at the South Polo
is to confirm the bi-polar theory of the
origin of life which was first outlined by
the great Charles Darwin in his Descent
of Man."
The simple facts that kangaroos are
only found In Australia, that llamas are
only found in South America, that polar
bears are only found near the North Pole,
that animals Of the OK family are only
found in the northern hemisphere, and
other data of this kind point plainly to
the conclusion that various species of
animals originated near the poles and
spread thence over tho rest Of the globe.
Where there was an obstacle to their
spreading, as in the case Of Australia,
which was surrounded by n vast ocean.
the species was confined to that locality,
and that is why we find the kangaroo
only in Australia.
Why should life originate at the poles
IL they we're frigid and barren Of vegeta-
ton? Obviously it shouldn't. The diff
Guilty disappears entirely, however when
we learn that tho poles had once warm,
possibly torrid. climate, and supported
an abundant vegetation.
Then came the glacial epoch and the
animals were driven from their polar
homes toward the equator. which had
by that time became warm. Some species
passed the equator and continued to
evolve in the opposite hemisphere to that
In which they originated. Others were
stopped by natural obstacles from spread
ing so far
While the animals were developing,
continents have been formed and have
passed away, great plains have been up
heaved by nature into stupendous noun
tain ranges. thousands Of square miles
of forest have sunk and lie hundredr
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1913-03-09

Wnlcn tney me more or less INTERRUPTED
lodging.
There is also strange species of crab,
edible, and able to withstand the tempera-
ture of the Antarctic These are all that
Is left of the teeming life OF ages ago.
Captain Scott has, therefore. added
greatly to our knowledge by the expedi.
ton in which he lost his life The same
conclusion could not be proved so posi-
lively from researches at the North Pole,
because that point is not situated on
great land continent, but in the midst
OF the sea. Evidences Of former warm
climate have indeed been found in Arctic
regions, but they were too far away from
the Pole to permit conclusion to be
drawn with the same certainty as in the
case Of the South Pole.
in the earth's climate? 1t must be ex-
planned by one of two theories:
"a That the earth has changed its axis
SO that the poles occupy positions along
what was formerly the equator
(2) That the amount of heat in the
earths surface is distributed otherwise
than in earlier ages, although the position
of the oarth's axis remains the same
Tho second superstition may appear less
clear and reasonable than the first, but
It has lately received much support from
prominent scientific men who favor it
partly because they find that there are not
good astronomical grounds for arguing
that the earth has undergone a radical
, change of axis That It changes it's axis
slightly Is certain
In connection with the proof OF tropical
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1913-03-09

life at the poles we must consider the
fact that there are the plainest evidences
of glacial life at the equator. These
conditions may be accounted for by the
supposition that the earth then possessed
so much internal heat that 1t produced a
warm climate at the poles, and that a
heavy belt OF clouds hung round the
equator, making the climate cold in tropi-
cal regions.
These two suppositions are discussed
in recent book on the Sun by Professor
Charles g. Abbot, OF the Smithsonian
Observatory at Washington, who states
them thus:
CAY Perhaps the Sun in those early
times was not so nearly exclusively as
now the earth's source Of heat, and the
earth still retained SO much heat that
its life was practically independent of
tho sun except for light. Perhaps then
the sun has been gradually growing In
temperature and emission, and In Fer
milan times had not then become the
practically exclusive source of heat to
the earth's surface. We may then con-
slider If Permian glaciation was perhaps
due, as Manson has suggested to very
moderate elevation OF land areas with
region Of still prevailing low-lying
cloud mantle, with accompanying snowy
precipitation.
OBJ Perhaps the sun in very ancient
times had not yet altogether condensed
to pronounced nucleus, but still existed
as nebula Of very considerable size, SO
that the earth was illuminated and
warmed from all directions, or dt no part
OF the nebula enclosed the earth) at least
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1913-03-09

of feet deep under ocean sand 1t Is but
yesterday, in geologic time, since Asia
and America were united both at Behring
Straits and by peninsula which now re-
mains as the chain of the Aleutian and
the Kuril Islands To the geologist the
time seems not SO far back when there
was no Baltic Sen, no North Sea. no Eng
lish Channel, when the Mediterranean
Sea was a small enclosed lake. and Eu-
rope extended from the North Pole to the
great Sahara Desert in Africa (then
sea-, and when the continental mass Of
Europe extended west OF the coasts OF
the Ireland Of to-day.
From what has been said Of the geogra.
ply OF those times, therefore and from
this rule of evolution, it Is to be expected
that one might trace two great lines OF
development. more or less characteristic
of the two polar continents.
Considering the mammals, as the most
familiar OF the great animal groups, it Is
astonishing to find in Australia the strik
ing preponderance of marsupials such as
the kangaroos and wombats, and the ex.
elusive appearance Of the monotremes
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1913-03-09

Diagram of the Earth When the EQUATOR Wa, Arctic
the Different Types Of Ancient Monsters. Birds Reptiles and Animals
Shut OFF by impossible Ice Barrier of the Equator Th, Tells Us
and of South
Hemisa Arc Those of
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1913-03-09

Sdpteiu iotOtt = IdSI JUL Sy, 6dS6s.
Before descending the Beard
moro Glacier DR.. Wilson and
Lieutenant Bowers visited Buck
ley Island and climbed to
large nunatak at the top Of the
glacier. There they spent some
time making a large collection OF
fossil-bearing sandstone and coal
in quantities.
when they reached a small
depot under Cloudmaker Mountain
fossils OF much greater age were
found in the limestone, and total
Of thirty-flve pounds of geological
specimens were carefully packed"
The finding OF coal is most signif-
cant. 1t means that the Antarctic
Continent fo-nerly possessed eli
mate that was practically tropical.
The fern-like trees of the carbonif-
erous period that furnished the
carth's coal beds could only -four.
3sh In swampy soil with an at
mosphere OF high temperature.
The discovery of large quantities
of fossils in the heart of the Ant
arctic Continent proves, moreover,
that animal life was formerly
abundant there. We do not yet
know what all these animals were,
but the. cabled reports say that
mammals and large land animals
OF various kinds were among them.
AT the present time there are no
land mammals native to the Ant
arctic Continent or the islands Dor
dering upon 1t. True forms OF land
life are confined TO insects and
other very low forms, and even such
life as this is extremely scarce.
The larger forms OF life found
around the fringe OF the continent
consist OF penguins and seals,
which, of course. are not eXclu-
sively land animals. They do not
find their food on land but in the
ocean, where they find an abundant
supply of fish. On account Of their
aquatic habits they are not con.
fined to the barren continent ON
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1913-03-09
Kangaroos in
australia and
Polar Bears
Only at the
North Pole

eTHB one great fact established by
the unfortunate Captain Scdtt's
u expedition to the South Pole is
that abundant life and warm climate
formerly existed there, while at the same
time, around which is now the equator, was
a gigantic girdle of impossible ice. In
other words, our frozen poles were then
tropical jungles and our equator frozen
waste
This is of vital importance to our knowl-
edge OF the earth's history. 1t means
that in some earlier period life was dis
trbuted in manner entirely different
from the present, and that the climate. of
the whole earth was different
Commander Evans. in his report OF
IL L.