The Mobridge news. [volume] (Mobridge, Walworth Co., S.D.) 190?-1917, 1913-07-04
THE SHUTS OF WHEAT. OATc
AND BARLEY AND THEIR
TREATM
Concluded from last week.
PAPER NO. 3.
Dipping in a Solution of Formalin.

First it is necessary to obtain for
malin guaranteed to be a 40 per cent
solution. This can be obtained at
the drug store, but must be up to
standard, otherwise the treatment will
be ineffective.
Pour one pint IL lb.) of the 40 Fer
cent fOrmalin solution into 40 TO 80
gallons of water. Stewart and Ste
gens, Of he Utah station (Bulletin 1881,
found that all solutions of formalin
that would kill smut spores had a low
ering effect on the terminating power
of the seed, but that oats could stand
a stronger solution than wheat. They
found that more wheat was killed in
a solution of l to 40 than in a solution
Of / to so gallons of water. There
fore, it would be better to approach
the | to so solution, if the formalin
Is up to standard strength. Mix the
solution in a barrel, tub or tank. Use
water tina It's not too cold; it would
be better to have the water about
room temperature if possible. The
grain to be treated may be handled
either In burlap or "gunny" sacks or
wire baskets. 1t is best not to handle
over one-half bushel at a time. The
grain may be put into the solution
loose, at which time the smut balls
can be skinned off. If this method
for removing the smut balls is follow
cd ~ will no nnnnCC1rV fn draw the
solution from II container to anoth-
er. Dip the sack or basket containing
the grain into the solution until all the
grain is completely covered. Raise
and let drain. Repeat this until all the
grain is thoroughly wet. 1t is best to
leave in the solution for ten or fifteen
minutes. The grain may be left for
an hour in the solution without injury,
but this is unnecessary and not advls-
able. After treatment the grain may
be left in sacks for eight or ten hours.
! Even better would be to dump the
grain out on a clean floor OF canvas
md cover with sacking or old canvas
and leave over might. Then the grain
must be spread out to dry, unless 1T
Is to be planted at once. It should be
spread out on a clean floor in a layer
not over two inches in depth. This
should be raked over every few hours
to hasten drying. The grain may be
planted soon after treatment; but
then the kernels are swollen and al
iowance must be made for this in. the
drill.
After the grain has been treated,
care must be taken that it is not rein
fected. The bins, sacks, etc, must be
free of smut spores. A floor or bin
can be cleaned by scrubbing with a
strong solution of formalin, using l
pint in 10 or 10 gallons OF water.
Sacks can be cleaned by soaking IN
this solution or boiling in hot water.
Grain must not be allowed to freeze
/ or sprout while in the damp condition.
The grain can be treated several
weeks before planting, but it must not
be reinfected. The grain should be
tested for termination before plant
ing. If the terminating power has
been lowered. allowance should be
made for his by sowing more grain 10
the acre. Forty or fifty gallons of the
! solution will treat as many bushels of
grain.
Sprinkling with a Formalin Solution.
This is a good and effective meth
cd, and is often preferred TO the dip.
ping and is undoubtedly faster. The
same strength of solution is used.
Spread the grain out in a wagon box.
on a canvas or on the floor of a bin.
Use an ordinary sprinkling can or a
force pump that throws a fine spray.
Wet the surface of the grain, then
shovel the grain over and repeat un-
til il is all thoroughly wet. Then Gov
err the pile with sacking and leave over
night. After treatment, handle the
grain as directed under dipping.
Summary Of the Formaiin Treatment.
Be sure the formalin is up to stand
ard strength, $40 per cent. Use l
pint Il 3D. to 40 or so gallons Of wa
ter, the nearer so the better. Be sure
all smut balls are removed, either be.
fore or during treatment. In dipping
leave in the solution about 10 min.
utes.
In sprinkling be sure ali the grain
gets thoroughly wet. Be sure the
grain is not reinfected. Scrub floors
and walls of bins with a strong solu.
ton of formalin.
Be sure all sacks as we'll as the drill
are free from smut spores.
In each case it is a good plan to
cover the pile of grain with old sack
ing and allow TO remain over night.
The grain if treated some time be.
fore planting must be thoroughly
dried and not allowed to freeze or
sprout while damp.
Test the terminating power before
planting.
PAPER NO. f..