davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The chronicle=news., 1913-09-15
THE BAD HANDLING OF STOCK

Skin bruised meats means 4 loss o.
many Thousands Of dollars annually
to everybody connected with the
trade and yet apparently nothing Is
being done to lessen this waste. Tho
abuse OF all animals bcxins ~ soon a.
they start to market and In the carl
icr stages Il IL Of course beyond tho
reach Of the packers. Most Of II,
however. Is done at the various pub
lie stock yards while unloading.
yartling and reioadins. This work u
largely done by inexperienced, cheau
help-mrn and boys whose only OBJ
ject ix to get the work done NJ quick
ly. and easily a. possible.
Many OF them know practically
nothing about the handling Of live
stock. They are frequently armed
with u prod pole with which they
may strike heavy blow and II ID
used without without the slightest
thought as to the pain inflicted up
on the animals or the consequent loss
to the butcher. While these remarks
apply to all animals. the hog seems
to receive more than its share of
abuse. One can stand AT the unllad-
Ing chutes almost any. day and sec
these men Jump into car OF hogs
and begin TO pound them right and
left as II getting. them out in a few
seconds was a matter OF life and
death. And when the hogs are out
they fare no better at the hands of
the commission salesman's help. and
many hog drops out and dies be-
tween the chutes and the pen where
the selling is done.
When they are driven to the scales
there is no let up and it is only
when they come into the possession
Of the butcher that any considerable
Is shown these animals. The humane
.'ociety Is supposed to have someone
looking after such things but this
supervision amounts to nothing. II
would seem to be high time that the
growers took some action to protect
their own interests. 1t would be a
good paying Investment, especially
at the prices which have been paid
for hogs. Something might also be
done to induce the. stock yard com,
panies to employ competent help to
do this work, instead OF the cheap
hands they now have. This will also
apply to the commission men. who
often send thoughtless boys to do
this work because 1t is cheaper for
them.
The chronicle=news., 1913-09-15
AMERICAN GOLFERS AS I
GOOD AS ENGL LLSHhlEN

ship In . GOOD state. has medal hok-
ors II the national. and who has
played on both sides Of the water.
He 10 . good collier. very gooi. In
fact. but We have scores OF mon over
there ~ good. On tho other hand.
have never seen Q player who's styie
who vas finer than 4vaas. DOR G.s
who was more likely to win any
event he went Into than Travcss. Of
eourse ! am not qualified to speak.
but ] shall have . look At osms 0f
your best before return TO EnSisrd.
There's NO TeasnI Why in umc yO'i
should not be 4 match for Us IN al
Particular s. I.-
Mr.. Leach las been more thor.
ouGhly over the country. has secn
moro play. and his opinions. too. are
favorable 10 American Eoif an! 20
American aourscs. Hut he pntI .,ae
bif but" In his comment.
you have osme fine Koifers.' he
saia. but there 10 one reason why
YOU have not yet ~ many real -sysni
ones. md none perhaps quite ~ ss.d
under all kolfinG conditions ~ cur
very best. You must remember that
you have NO true seaside links. In
almost all cases. except as to "a ns.
casionai hole. your approach shots
have ground to fall upon. wiiasut
erratie protubcrsnees. bits OF urdu-
lation that make II IN absolute ne.
eesity within that the approach shu,
ba placed within . very few fact Of
. given spot. . difference Of ihrec
feet. Say. making one shot near tao
hole. the ohtre 10 or 60 feet away
from IT,"
The chronicle=news., 1913-09-15

Western League.
Denver 7-:. Des Moiues 6-i.
Topeka Ito. Omaha IL.
Sioux City 7-i. i.ineoin i-l0.
wichita 2. st. Joseph L.
The chronicle=news., 1913-09-15
HOW TO CURE SICK HEADACHE

c. E.. Mustoe. Of Fresno. California
has adopted the correct treatment for
sick headache. He says: ~ have used
.Chamberlain's Tablets for sick head
ache and constipation for the past
two years. I have never found any
preparation so satisfactory in every
respect for this trouble For sale
by all dealers.
The chronicle=news., 1913-09-15
.O-o-O-D-0-01
. BASEBALL YESTERDAY Z
eoeAe-oe-l

National League.
~. Louis Z. brooklyn 6.
Chicago Z. New York o.
Philadelphia Z. Cincinnati 6.
The chronicle=news., 1913-09-15

American League.
No games scheduled.
The chronicle=news., 1913-09-15
DIGESTION AND ASSIMILATION

II 10 not the quantity Of food tax
en- but tho amount discsted and as
simulated that gives strength and vi
tality to the system. Chamberlain q
Tablets inviKoratc the stomach and
liver and enable them to perform
their functions naturally. For sale
by all dcalerA n -
The chronicle=news., 1913-09-15

Ansrioaa Association.
Indianapolis 80. Kansas City IL
Milwaukee 8. Columbus 6.
81. Paul 40. Toledo IL.
Minneapolis 81. Louisville IL.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-10-18
SCHOOLS INCREASING.

Between 1908 and 1910 the number
of institutions teaching agriculture
was practically doubled. and between
1910 and 1912 this number was
trebled. And while sixteen years ago,
or even ten years ago. the public high
schools were hardly thought of as
effective agencies for the education of
the rural people along vocational lines
at the present time they constitute
over 80 per cent of the agencies en-
gagged in teaching agriculture, not in
Guiding. of course. the one-teacher
elementary schools, which have never
been listed.
There are several types of secondary
schools in which agriculture is taught.
First In order of establishment and in
value of agricultural equipment are
the agricultural schools connected
with state agricultural colleges, as in
Minnesota and thirty-six other states.
These schools use the land. live stock.
farm equipment. and laboratories OF
the agricultural colleges and their
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-10-18
Fall Work Among
( Bush Fruits

When the harvest Ia completed, cul-
tivation of bush fruits should cease.
The sowing Of some cover crop with
the last cultivation 10 q most excellent
practice.
Oats and peas. either separate or
In combination. answer this purpose
admirably. The benefits derived from
q cover crop are manifold.
Tho greatest Of these dement's. per-
haps comes in the protection afforded
by the growth to the surface Of the
ground.
1t IL well known among those who
have made study of soil physics that
when left unprotected by a growth Of
some kind there 10 a loss both In
plant food and In the humus content
of such soil.
Hence in 80 far as is practicable the
wise husbandman will keep his land
cover cd with growth of some sort.
II Is not practical to keep cover
crop growing among small fruits
through spring and early summer, for
the best interests Of such fruits re-
Quires intensive cultivation through
this period OF their growth, but with
the fruiting season over such necessity
ceases.
Unless drouth conditions are unusu-
ally severe there will be sufficient
amount of moisture in the soil Of a
bush fruit plantation that has re-
ceived intensive cultivation through
out the spring and summer to start a
vigorous growth of oats or peas, and
under ordinary conditions of fall pre-
cipitation such grains will attain con-
siderable growth.
The protection afforded by such a
growth prevents teaching of intrates,
that are continually being evolved
through Identification processes con-
stantly In operation among soil
Such growth also prevents washing
Of soil by fall, winter and early spring
rains. which. in cases OF even slightly
rolling land, may be the source of con-
siderable loss.
The first spring cultivation will work
this vegetative growth now dead and
partially decayed into the soil.
Through the processes Of decompo-
sition the supply Of soil humus is thus
replenished. and soil agencies liberate
the plant food used in making this
growth. when 1t is at once taken UP
by the roots Of the fruit plants and
used In the growth ana development
Of the various parts Of such plants
which at this season are In an exceed
ingly high state of activity.
The growth of grain presents a very
pleasing picture to the eye through
out the fall season, during which time
there Ii usually not much verdure, in
evidence.
To the ono possessing an aesthetic
nature this alone will be ample re-
compensation for. the expense in
volved.
Az soon as the fruiting season is
over, 1t is, usually advisable to remove
the canes just fruited and burn them.
Where there are fungous diseases
to contend with the need Of this be-
comes imperative. After this growth
has been removed the young canes
should be thoroughly sprayed with
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-10-18
METHODS OF BUDDING WALNUT TREES

the bud then laid in place The bud
is now ready for tying.
The FIJI te Bud.--In this method Of
budding it is best to first shape tho
bud and then cut the stock to fit it.
The bud, which is rectangular, about
three-fourths of an inch long, and five
eighths Of an inch wide is made and
removed from the bud stick exactly
as in the Hinge Bud. When the cion
bud is in place, care must be taken
that the sides of the bud At up snugly
all around.
In either case, after the bud is in
place the two are snugly wrapped.
Special care should be exercised in
the wrapping to see that the bud Is
pressed firmly against the wood Of
the stock. Much Of the success Of the
operation depends on proper wrapping.
In many cases there is prominent
elevation where the leak stalk has
become detached. and unless care Is
used in pressing this down firmly in
the tying 1t will draw away and no
union will result. When properly
tied. wrap the entire bud With waxed
cloth to keep out moisture and afr.
and wax all over. The following wax
is recommended: Rosin, pounds;
beeswax. pound: finely pulverized
wood charcoal, u pound; raw linseed
oil, gil. First melt the beeswax
and rosin. add the charcoal. stirring
constantly, and then add the o:!
Mould into cakes by pouring into
creased pans. When desiring to use
break off a few Jumps, melt and apply
in a LIQUID state with brush or swab.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-10-18

There is no denying the fact that
too many dairymen are carrying on
their business at q loss and occasional
instances of marked success In the
business appear to indicate that dairy
ing can be put on paying basis.
There are many things that COM
mend dairying to the farmer, among
which may be named certainty VI
obtaining good prices for the products
of the farm, and the elimination Of
the speculative element which sur
rounds growing and marketing other
products. Nj.
To conduct dairy farm at a profit
we must feed good cows. They. should
be good individuals and selected from
the breed which is best adapted to TIRE
particular branch of dairying that Is
being made our specially and to .,
conditions OF our farms.
No one breed or type is adapted to
all conditions. else there would be
little need Of SO much diversity Of
size, Conformation and quality Of
product. For the economical produc-
ton Of butter or cream Cor of very
rich milk that Is suitable for a fancy
trade) it is best to keep Jerseys or
Guernseys, that is, providing of course
that we will give them the care and
treatment they are accustomed to on
their native land.
Jersey and Guernsey cows produce
less milk solids other than fat, thus
enabling them to turn larger proper
tons of their food and energy into
the production Of the desired product,
than cows of breeds which yield 4
larger quantity Of milk deficient in
butter fat. sal1
On certain farms where the pasture
is scant or where the land is rough
and rolling. and where summer dairy
ing Is practiced that COW that ds
capable of doing the best work under
such conditions would be the best
adapted to the economy Of the dairy.
For such farm the man would
best select the Ayrshire, or high grades
or that breed. They have been bred
and developed under similar environ
ment until they have become accus-
toned to that kind of treatment more
than the refined and more delicately
organized breeds Of dairy CATTLE.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-10-18

The Hinge Bud:-About one inch
above the surface Of the soil make
a transverse incision about half an
inch long and similar one about
three-fourths of an inch above this.
Connect the two with longitudinal
incision. This forms the completed
"I'' cut on the stock. 1t Is very de-
sirable to use extra care in making
these cuts. The ideal condition is to
merely penetrate the bark just to the
wood. but not cut into it. The bud,
which Is rectangular and of exactly
the same length as the distance be-
tween the two transverse cuts on the
stock, Is removed from the bud stick
by first making two transverse cuts
Of the proper distance apart to give
the correct length to the bud, and then
connecting these by two longitudinal
cuts about half an inch apart. The
bud proper should be approximately
in the center of this piece. The bud
is then easily removed by gently in
sorting the back of the knife blade
under one corner Of the piece of bark,
and prying up, when 1t will be found
that it will readily part from the bud
stick. No wood should be removed
with the bud, and care should be taken
when the bud proper is extra large to
avoid pulling the soft wood or cor,
out OF 1t. 1t may be necessary in
such a case to first loosen the bark
containing the bud, on one side up
to the bud proper, then carefully cut
this. soft core with a knife and the
rest of the bud piece may be easily
removed. As soon as the bud is re-
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-10-18
Canada Thistle

This weed occurs In the Northern
states from Maine to Virginia. west to
North Dakota and Kansas. and In the
Pacific Coast States from Washington
70 Northern California. II also seems
to be spreading in the Rocky Mountain
states. But few reports have been
made Of It's presence in the Southern
states, and 1t is very probable that 1t
will not be 4, serious pest in that
region. ..
Being a perennial plant, the Canada
thistle propagates itself. both by its
underground parts and its seeds. The
character Of the underground growth
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-10-18
Greater Profits
For Farmers

American farmers will secure greater
profits when they, have learned how
to market their products to the best
advantage. They need in the frst
place the widest possible diversity of
crops and next keener knowledge
Of selling. -.5
The small inland city Is the best
place for disposing OF farm products.
Many sagacious farmers have private
customers for their hogs. chickens.
butter. eggs. etc. Where this is the
case much more than the wholesale
market price Is obtained. -.. ~
Those living within few miles OF a
thriving city can secure private Gus
toners for fruit and vegetables. as
we'll as for butter. eggs and poultry.
This is the most profitable way OF
marketing. The farmer gains the
middleman's profit and the customer
is pleased to obtain fresh products
without unreasonable trouble or ex-
pense. .... ...
1t would seem Incredible that there
are not enough vegetables raised In
some Of the states for tho interior
markets. but such Is the fact. Mer-
chants in all of the little cities are
accustomed to ship In such products
as celery. onions, peas, beets. cabbage.
cucumbers, caulilowers and even po-
tatoes.
These are articles that pay enor-
mously compared to grain farming or
dairying. They involve little expense
distribute the seasons labor evenly
$@ T. ~
when 1t is confined to one or two pro-
ducts, So long as city populations de-
velop at the ratio shown in the last
decade there will be no danger of
raising too much fruit or truck.
The producer in disposing of honey,
berries, cherries and other articles
which come in the line Of fancy farm
ing gets twice as much by selling to
private customers as to commission
houses. It makes a lot Of difference
whether a man with an orchard re-
ceives $1.25 or $3.50 a bushel for
cherries.
These figures fairly represent the
commission dealers price and the rate
paid by consumers. The wholesale
price Of honey is IL to IA cents, but
private customers pay 20 to % cents.
In butter, eggs and poultry this prin-
ciple applies with similar force. Nearly
every town housekeeper is glad to con-
tract by the year for regular supplies
of fresh produce. There Is profit en-
both sides in an arrangement Of this
kind. Z.
This argument for liberalization and,
business applies to both big and little
farmers. 1t is unwise for land owners
to neglect fruit, vegetables and the
general run Of what they call truck.
There are liberal profits in these pro-
ducts if they are handled with skill
and sold to advantage. When the
farm is conducted SO there is regular
income. from a variety Of little things
it only takes ordinary sense to give
success either to man or woman.
It pays we'll to be able to furnish
in their season such articles as straw
berries. currants. cucumbers. cherries.
apples. raspberries. sweet corn, cab
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-10-18

in all directions until the whole piece
becomes affected, and the cultivation
OF onions upon 1t has to be discon-
tinued. Short rotations do not
materially diminish the amount OF
smut; in particular field badly
smutted the order. OF planting had
been clover for two years. corn ono
year. A five-year rotation will not.
from the experience Of growers.
eliminate the disease.
It appears reasonably certain that
the disease Is not generally spread by
the seed. 1t may. however. occasion
ally be introduced with seed from an
infected locality. Il IL also certain
that the smut is spread with plows,
weeders. harrows, rakes and hoes, by
spores clinging with infected ear.:a =
the implements.
When soil Is known to be affected.
one pound 10 per cent formaldehy 10
to 25-33 gallons of water should ,bs
applied with a drip attachment on =
seed drill at the rate OF 500 IT. -
gallons Of solution per acre. This =
been used with success by severa' !, i,
growers. In one instance the trea' 1
part of field yielded over 500 hls'' 3
per acre, while the untreatsd ri I
yielded only about 100 bushels q in-
ferior onions to the acre
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-10-18
BY E. j. KRAUS.

moved from the bud stick 1t should
be inserted into the stock. This is
readily accomplished by first carefully
turning back the upper corners Of the
"T' shaped cut. slightly prying them
away from the wood. then inserting
the base of the bud into the opening,
pushing 1t down until the top and bot
tom Of the bud are flush with the
transverse cuts on the stock. and the
bud lies smoothly and snugly against
the latter. BY making the bud force
its own passage under the bark, after
this manner there is much less
exposure to the air than If the sides
of the cut are first turned back and
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-10-18
+ I 4 ! 3 \ .
! \ 4 !, 3 3

classes are largely taught by profess
sors and instructors in the agricul-
tural colleges.
Secondly, there are the separate
agricultural schools. which include
county schools like those in Maryland,
Michigan. Mississippi. North Carolina
and Wisconsin,; congressional district
schools. as in Alabama and Georgia:
judicial district schools. as In Okla
homa, and schools serving larger dis
tricts, sometimes a whole state. as In
Arkansas. California. Colorado. Massa-
chusetts. Minnesota. New York. Penn
sylvania and Vermont. These schools
have been established primarily for the
purpose of teaching agriculture.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-10-18
STOPPING THE LEAKS IN THE DAIRY

In the production OF milk for t.
city trade, have found that Ne
purchase OF cows is attended by rs,.
and disappointment, even by men VINO
are qualified to make selections. cow
are sold for some reason, and u shas 4
round to my sorrow that among the
are lack of constitution and yigor. h !.
OF capacity as feeders, bad habits SIT, !.
as holding up their milk. defecti.a
udders hard milking, abortion AMI
other, disorders. and when we stop tn
think that the larger number Of tfless
cows are sold by men who are dairy
men themselves. it is little wonder that
1t is q hard matter to get out and buy
good cows that are free from all de.
fects and bad habits
1T Some men buy of dealers, but this =
worse than buying direct of dairymen
themselves. for the dealers hava
bought them OF dairymen. and in the
end we get the same general class OF
COW. Either way we must buy tbs
culls of their herds for use In our
herds. We must not be slow to recog-
nize the fact that the best herds are
not gotten together by purchase.
Another great loss comes from
not employing methods that produce
the best results in breeding. Some
dairymen raise all their own heifef
calves. regardless Of their breeding or
individuality. while others who hav1
excellent herds raise none Of their
heifer calves.
believe that IL would pay all dairy
men to NOTE a few Of their fellow
dairymen's best cows and plan to r.:
their heifer calves. In many localitie1
these calves can be bought for little
more than their hides are worth.
have seen dairymen SCI. calves
for one or two dollars that came from
cows that gave so pounds Of milk per
day, and bulls that were Of a distinct
dairy breed, while some man across
the road would raise calves that could
have their ancestry traced no further
back than "Old Spot and Mike Casey's
yearling bull.
Not until such conditions are corr
rected can we expect to have a better
class Of dairy cattle in the country.
There is plenty of good dairy blood
in the country, but there arc too few
dairymen who have the perseverance,
and pluck to get out and and It.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-10-18

On the other hand. the man who
has rich and luxuriant pasture and
keeps his herd up to very near their
full capacity at all times of the year.
and who is producing milk for the
general market, faces different
proposition, and will find that the
Holstein breed. or high grades Of that
breed, the best adapted to his dairy
needs. .s$
1t is useless for me to continue to
present evidence in favor of keeping
better cows. But one thing worthy
of note is the fact that the man
who has built up profitable herd Is
at all times alert to secure better cows
to increase his income.
On the other hand the man with
the improbable herd has but little
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-10-18
CATTLE BROUGHT IN BY THE DOG

II dog is used in driving the cattle.
insist that 1t walk at their heels In
stead Of their heads; and that it walk,
not trot. A poor dog will do untold
mischief. and that very quickly; one
properly trained will save many steps.
The cattle are as quick about sizing
up the driving qualities of the dog
as is the small boy In testing the
mettle of the young teacher. II they
find that they can drive 1t, the canine
will have sorry time Of It, Better
watch carefully that the pup keeps
its place and becomes master Of the
situation. even though you are COM
PEELED to defend its rights. After the
proper relations are accepted on both
sides. there will be little further
trouble.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-10-18

ambition to inform himself in regard
to his business or improve the quality
Of his cows. He doesn't believe in
dairy literature, or that other cows
might do better. on his farm than his
own. This class Of man is doing
more to discourage the dairy business
than any other.
One Of the most severe losses con-
nected with the dairy business Is the
loss that comes from discarding un-
profitable cows. The man who de-
ponds upon buying cows to take the
place Of those that he finds unprofit-
able Is up against one Of the knottiest
and perplexing problems connected
with the management Of the dairy
that of going out and buying good
cows to take the place Of the ones
sold from his herd.