davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The citizen., 1913-03-27
HOME COURSE IN
SCIENTIFIC AGRICULTURE
One Of Series Of Sixteen Articles by
Noted Government and State Experts
FIRST ARTICLE SOIL CONSERVATION.
SPM AreuItursi Ia Charge Of Farm Management Bureau Of
Plant Industry Department Of Agriculture

TTOw, TO restore and maintain
the productivity of the soil Is
the most important phase Of
the conservation problem. In
many Of our older communities soil
fertility has been reduced below the
point Of profitable production. Nation
wide effort at the present time.
through federal and state agency. Is
directed toward the restoration Of fer.
tllity In these localities. In the older
countries OF Europe. where farming
has been followed for many centuries.
the problem Of satisfactory yields OF
farm crops has been solved. The ng.
riculture OF Germany Is similar to that
he United States. hut the yield per
OF wheat In Germany In more
thDh twice that In the United States
the yield Of rye nearly twice as large.
the yield Of barley nearly a third lar
ger aud the yield OF oats more than
one third lnrger.
The proportionate area OF cereals
grown IN Oerihnl IL hDOut one'0ttD
less than In the United States. while
the proportionnte area OF hay and for
age crops Is one half greater. In addi
ton TO tnat. the percentage OF the total
area which is planted 10 root crops IL
enormously greater In Germany than
In the United States These root crops
consist largely Of potatoes and sugar
bests and the best German authori.
ties estimate that at least one-third Of
the products Of the area OF these two
crops is available for stock feed. They
also estimate that onc-third OF the
products OF the area devoted 10 cereals
II devoted 10 the feeding OF domestic
animals Germany therefore deyotes
very much more OF her soil TO the pro.
ductlon of feed for live stock than
does the United states
on the same area Of farm land the
German farmer maintains on the aver.
age from ~ To- - per cent more live
stock than does the American farmer
The manure from these animals Is also
better cared for IN all European coun.
tries than II Is In this country. Not
The citizen., 1913-03-27
The MAIDEN RIDGE NURSERY
The Only Mountain Nursery in the
State

Save half the cost of your fruit
trees and order by mail.
Cut. out the Agents profit and
send for particulars at once. l have
a large supply Of ono and two year
old whole-root grated trees true to
name and all kinds of nursery stock
for sale this spring at very low prices.
G. ID. Smith,
(ad) Richmond, Ky.
The citizen., 1913-03-27

Glover is better than any other hay
for fowls for the reason that 1t pos
sesses egg making nutriment. as we'll
as fiber to separate the particles of
grain. 1t is not bulk (mere quantity)
that Is needed, but coarse fiber TO
separate the concentrated feed in the
stomach. that the gastric juices can
circulate through the mass.
The citizen., 1913-03-27

MARY d. THOMPSON, AGED TWELVE YEARS
Nothing can he done with poor stock
or poor seed Everything Is possible
with pedlgreed stock and seed
All OF this has been written time and
time again in farm papers and the ru'
rnl press, hut when children begin 10
work definitely In this direction some
thing Is sure 10 happen. Grown peo-
pie are slow to take M new things OF
things that are fairly new. but children
simply absorb and use them.
II you have had successful boys
corn club In your county, why not try
TO organize a small poultry club for the
girls? If you do. he certain to insist
upon the rearing OF only fowls OF pure
blood II will mean that the girls will
have an absorbinh occupation that
adults can watch wl'h h great advantage
EDUCATION MUST BE MORE
THAN BOOKS If THE CHILD is
TO BE A REAL SUCCESS IN LIFE
The citizen., 1913-03-27

MAKE THK SOIL FERTILE
only that. the United States exports
vast quantities of cottonseed meal, I'm
seed oilmeal aud other rich nitrogenous
feeding stuns. while Germany imports
vast quantities Of these materials. Ger
man farmers not only conserve their
own natural resources. but they draw
on other parts Of the world To main
tain the fertility OF their lands. Amer
lea has been mining her soil aud ship
ping the products to Europe. In addi-
,ion TO the sources OF fertility above
ven. Germany uses annually on her
550OcO tones of nitrate Of soda,
275,00O tons of sulphate OF ammonia.
100000 tons of superphosphate and
100000 tons OF basic Stag In addition
to large amounts of potash salts
We are now confronted by the same
necessities that compelled the adoption
Of sound systems Of agriculture In the
Old world How shall we meet this
problem?
Tho Solution Of tho Problem.
In the first place. we must Increase
the number OF domestic animals on
our farms. Where land ls farmed by
renters the leases must be made for
longer terms. and where the renter has
not the capital TO provide the proper
number OF domestic animals these
must be supplied by the landowner
The effect OF live stock on the fertility
OF the soil needs no demonstration. IL
Is well known to every Intelligent
farmer. Up to the present time, at
least. no system OF agriculture has been
permanently profitable without the use
OF domestic animals as n means or
maintaining the productiveness of the
soil. whether such systems are posi-
BILE remains 10 be- seen.
In addition TO increasing the number
Of domestic animals on American farms
our farmers must pay more attention
to leguminous crops and TO other crops
which provide a supply Of humus for
the soil Legumes. such as clover.
peas. alfalfa. etc. are especially I'm
portant because OF the fact that with
the aid OF certain soil bacteria they are
able to draw their supply OF nitrogen
from the air. Having thus an unlimit'
I'd supply OF this valuable plant food
constituent. they become very rich In
nitrogen. The stubble and roots OF
The citizen., 1913-03-27

Specialist in charge of Club Work.
The citizen., 1913-03-27

THE AVERAGE YIELD OF CORN
IN KENTUCKY is TWENTY-NINE
BUSHELS PER ACRE. AN IN.
CREASE OF FIVE BUSHELS PER
ACRE WOULD MEAN sl2.OOO.OOO AT
90 CENTS PER BUSHEL
The citizen., 1913-03-27

Examples OF Successful Farming.
In New York state there are large
areas Of land which formerly produc-
ed satisfactory crops. but which In re-
cent years have been reduced in fertili-
" 10 the point where their cultivation
Is no longer profitable by the methods
In vogue In that section. A few years
ago representative OF the department
OF agriculture induced farmer In that
section To grow four acres of potatoes
under his direction This farmer had
been grow Ing potatoes for many years,
using seed which had been grown for
sixty years IN that locality without Sc
lection 10 maintain its quality His or
dinnry yields Of potatoes were about
forty bushels per acre. lie was induc-
ed to SECURE new aud improved seed
and 10 cultivate In the most thorough
manner As n result these four acres
produced yield of 80 bushels OF po
tntoes per acre Similar results have
since been secured by number OF 9th
er farmers In the same locality
ago established on his farm a rotation
OF corn. corn. oats. clover The corn
and oats were fed TO hogs, which were
allowed 10 Craze on the clover. Very
little feed was purchased. but every
thing raised on the farm was converted
into manure aud returned to the land
At the beginning of this system OF
farming the yield OF corn was about
thirty-hve bushels TO the acre. Ten
years later II had risen to eighty bush
els per acre, the average yield for four
consecutive years being s0I bushels
per acre.
A Missouri farm which had been de-
voted To corn and wheat for seventy
years and on which the yields OF wheat
were about eight bushels per acre and
corn about twenty-five bushels was
subjected 10 Il system OF farming stint
lar TO that Just described for an Illi-
nois farm. In six years the yields OF
this farm were more than doubled. In
work OF this character the following
points are emphasized:
Deep fall preparation OF the soil
Planting OF well selected seed.
Mainly shallow and frequent cultiva'
ton OF the crop during the growing
season and especially after a rain.
The judicious use Of commercial fer
tilizers and the increased use OF home
produced fertilizers and the growing
OF leguminous crops
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1913-01-10
IMPORTANCE OF PURE FOOD
Experience of Long Island Duck Rails
er Is Given-TroubIe Located In
Sand Given Fowls.

To show the Importance of purity
In food, an experience of A. ]. Hal.
lock, the Long Island duck raiser, is
worth quoting: At one time lot of
ducks were sick and off their food;
they were dying and no cause could
be discovered. ALI the ingredients Of
the soft food were thoroughly exam
ined and found to be all right, and it
was mystery as to the source OF
the trouble. Finally one day the feed.
er happened to catch the odor from
the sand they were using and found
it to be very foul. 1t had been dug
out of the bottom of the creek near
where the ducks had run and was sup
posed to be all right, but it proved that
the leechings rom the duck yards had
flown down over it and rendered it
impure, and this resulted In the trou-
BILE mentioned. The throwing out of
this and the substitution of perfectly
clean, pure sand remedied the diff
Guilty.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1913-01-10
BAD RIVER INDIANS
MAY GET 81, 100000
Wisconsin Chippewas Hope
to Receive Large Sum.
MAJOR CAMPBELL DISMISSED
Reservation Agents Zeal in Compel
ling Indians to Save Money Leads
to Loss of His Position for viola-
ton of Department Regulations.

Ashland-Two million four hum
dred thousands dollars spending mon
ey for 1913, is the vision before the
eyes of the Chippewa Indians of the
Bad River Indian reservation. This
money, the real animus of the fight
against the deposed agent. Sam w.
Campbell of Hudson, may not be
available as quickly as the Indians
wish, but it is not unlikely that the
dismissal of Campbell from the ser
vice will hasten the time when the
Indians will be able to spend their
own money.
The fight against Campbell has
been long. 1t ended the day before
Christmas, when curt letter from
Secretary of the Interior Fisher, noti-
fed Mr.. Campbell that he was dis
missed. Incidentally the letter con-
veyed the information that no dis
honesty was charged or proven, and
that the sole ground for dismissal
was violation of the regulations OF
the department.
Mai. Campbell was protege of
John G. Spooner. He was a resident
of Hudson, and former sheriff Of st.
Croix county, Civil war veteran. and
was appointed agent of the La Pointe
Indian agency about ten years ago.
the official head of the Chippewas of
Wisconsin, and those of Fond du Lac,
Cass Lake and Grand Portage, Mimi,
q MON nf 11pcworvino infnCrifv and
an active foe of the illegal traffic N
liquor among the Indians.
BY putting the Indians money in
banks, there has been accumulated
$2,4OO,OO0 to the credit of the Bad
River Indians at Odanah, and a lesser
amount for the Indians of the Red
Cliff reservation.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1913-01-10
MAY DIVIDE TAX PAYMENTS
Bill Authorizing January and July ln-
stallments to Be introduced
in Legislature.

Madison.-A chance to pay youl
taxes twice year is proposed in a
bill to be introduced at this session
of the legislature. The plan is to
pay one-half of the taxes in the
month Of January and the remainder
in July. One legislator claims that
more Christmas presents would be
purchased were not the fact continu-
ally staring in the face of the pros
pective purchaser that he must save
the money to pay his taxes.
1t is understood that the tax COM
mission looks with disfavor upon the
bill. The commissioners claim there
is no sentiment for such legislation
and that it would delay the present
financial transactions of the towns,
villages and counties.
AS the bill is drafted for presenta-
ton if a taxpayer does not desire to
make the first payment in January,
he can delay the whole payment until
July, by paying 6 per cent interest
for six months on the first payment
due.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1913-01-10
COMMITTEE MAKES
REPORT ON SCHOOLS
Recommends Changes After
Study Of Rural Conditions.
ENCOURAGES SOCIAL CENTER
Would Consolidate Rural Schools and
Modify Normal Training Course for
Prospective Principals More Rigid
Qualifications Needed.

Madison.-The findings of the
committee of fifteen, appointed by
State Superintendent G. p Cary soon
after the close of the last legislature
to investigate conditions in the
schools of Wisconsin, have been made
public. The chief recommendations
provide for:
Consultations of country schools
where possible.
A county board of education.
More rigid qualifications Of teach
ers, and additional training schools
to make this possible.
Modification of normal school
courses of study to meet the needs of
those students preparing to become
principals of state graded schools.
Amendment of the certification
law.
Encouraging use of the school
house as social center.
More state aid for elementary
schools.
The committee numbers county SUI
perintendents, past and present; nor
NAL school authorities, several agri-
cultural experts, and educational
leaders of the state.
After discussing the more pressing
needs, the committee mentions the
following as of much Importance al
so: Better school attendance; a more
equitable distribution for elementary
schools, courses of study adapted to
the needs of the community, provi-
sion for the education of the children
who live beyond the two-mile limit,
and minimum salary law for teach
ers.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1913-01-10
BOOK OVER / 200 YEARS OLD
Jacob Redger of Boomer Is Pos
SCISSOR of a Highly Priced
Ancient Volume.

Bloomer. Rediger of this
city has an ancient German song book
that has been in the Rediger family
for over twelve hundred years and
with the exception of one book, is
the Oldest book in the United States.
On the metal bars across the covers
is inscribed "Jos. Rettiger IT,"
"Rettiger" being the original way of
spelling the family name. This book
is certainly an heirloom and is priced
very highly by the Rediger family
Mr.. Rediger also has letter bearing
date 220 years ago. Both the book
and the letter are in a good state of
preservation and historical societies
all over the country have been offer
ing large sums of money to gain pos
session of them.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1913-01-10
WELL KNOWN FACES MISSING
Many Veterans of Wisconsin's Senate
and Assembly Are Not Partici-
pating- in Present Session.

MadiSon.--Many senators and as
semblymen who have been prominent
figures in the Wisconsin legislature
for a number of years were missing
when the present session convened.
Senator John M. Whitehead, who has
served as member of the state SEN
ate for sixteen years, will be absent.
ningham of Beloit. Senator Sanboyn,
for number of years chairman of
the senate judiciary, has retired and
his seat has been filed by the election
of A. Pearce Tomkins OF Ashland.
Winfield r. Gaylord, the well known
socialist senator from Milwaukee,
will be among those absent.
Among other veteran senators who
will not take part in the deliberations
of that body this year are Walter c..
Owen, who has been elected attorney
general; John j. Blaine of BOscObel,
Henry Krumrey of Plymouth, John S..
Donald, who has been elected secre-
tary of state, and ]. Elmer Lehr, for
merly of Appleton.
In point of legislative service H. c..
Martin Of Darlington will be dean of
the senate, having been elected to
that body for the first time fourteen
years ago. He will be chosen presi-
dent pro TEN.
In the assembly number of vet
eran legislators will be absent. Nota-
bic among these are Charles A. In
gram of Durand, A. H. Long of Prai-
RE du Chen, e. E. Haight of Column
bus county, Otto Onstad of Cam
bridge, H. T. Mortenson of New Lis
bon, William Reader of Amigo, John
E. Mcconnell of La Crosse, Freder-
lex Brockhausen of Milwaukee, John
r. Jones of Sparta. c. B. Ballard of
Appleton, Frank j. Weber of Mil
waukee. William A. Kay of Pierce
county and Simon Smith of Beloit.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1913-01-10
46,582 INCOMES TO BE TAXED
Two Per Gent of States Population
Assessed on incomes Aggre-
eating 500, 845, 862.82.

Madison. January 1852
persons in wisconsin will be called
upon to pay an income tax according
to revised statistics issued by the
state tax commission. About 2 per
cent of the population of the state is
hit by the law.
The number of persons to pay the
tax varies greatly in the different
counties. Dane county has the high
est ratio of 36.45 for each 1000 Of
population and Burnett county has
the lowest ratio 255 per 1000. The
counties in which over 20 per 1000
of the people pay an income tax are:
Ashland, Dane, Douglas, Eau Claire,
Grant, Iowa, Kenosha, La Crosse,
Rock, Walworth and Washington.
Eight counties have ratio of less
than taxpayers for each 1000 of
population: Adams, Burnett, jack
son, Marquette, Pepin, Polk, Shawano
and Waushara.
The amount of income from indi-
viduals and corporations taxable I'M
der the law is $1O0,845,862.82 The
amount of tax to be collected will be
$3,5O1, 161.45 of which $1,10S,-
707.02 will be paid by individuals
and $2,392,454.44 will be contrib
uted by corporations. Milwaukee
county will pay AZ per cent OF all of
the income taxes collected in the
state.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1913-01-10
PROPER FEED FOR CHICKENS
Considerable Studying and Expert
menting Required to Ascertain
What Laying Hens Need.
(By K. A. GR1MEs.)

1t takes considerable studying and
experimenting to find out just what
the hens need. and how much they
ought to have, but we must learn as
soon as we can, or we will find our
poultry is not so profitable as it ought
to be. The feeding question is one
of the most important in the whole
poultry business.
Experts tell us that hen needs
about six ounces OF food per day. A
flock of ten, then, will need about
So pounds per day, or q trifie over
&c pounds q week.
OF this amount two-thirds by weight
should consist Of grains. The grain
should be mixture Of equal parts
wheat, cracked corn and oats. A few
handfuls of sunfower seed, cane seed
or buckwheat should be added for va
riety. They are to the hen what pie
is to the boy, and you know what
that is.
The other third should be mash.
which is a mixture Of bran and other
finely ground feeds, usually fed dry.
Some poultrymen moisten the mash.
but the majority claim that 1t is bet
ter to feed it dry and let the hen
moisten 1t in her crop by drinking
what water she wants. If fed dry there
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1913-01-10
DRILLING WELL; STRIKES GAS
Farmer Near St. Martins, Milwaukee
County, Opens Apparently Exten-
sive Pocket at Depth Of 80 Feet.

Milwaukee.-Dr for water on
his river valley farm, three miles
northeast of ST. Martins, this county,
John Koeppen opened up gas pock-
ct. When down ninety feet without
finding water the drill struck the
pocket. Immediately the flCI of gas
began with a roaring sound. 1t was
with difficulty that the aperture was
sealed. Mr.. Koeppen is making in
vestigations as to how the flow can
best be utilized. He says he intends
piping it over his farm for use as
both fuel and light, and if, after an
examination by experts the extent of
the pocket indicates that it is prac-
tical, he will arrange to sell the gas
to others.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1913-01-10
Once RockefeIler,s Tutor.

Hartford.-Dr E. M. Rogers, who
died here recently at the age of 81,
in his early years was a teacher and
had the distinction of having had
John D. Rockefeller and his brother
William among his pupils. During
the time he was teaching he was
studying medicine and subsequently
entered the medical department at
Ann Arbor, and later graduated from
the medical school at the New York
state university. He began the prac-
tice Of medicine at Boltonville, this
county, in 1855, coming to Cascade,
Sheboygan county, the following
year.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1913-01-10
DOULIM N(DIF(|
MSSsSSSSSSSS aAJk 4

Health goes with clean body, i'm
side as well as cut.
Plenty of grit for the flock will
mean fewer digestive troubles.
Leghorns are nervous fowls, and ex-
cftement decreases the egg yield.
A lousy, dyspeptic fowl is q very
good representative of the cholera
victims.
Never place ducks in close. stuffy
quarters. They need plenty Of air and
dry floors.
A London remedy for roup is about
three drops Of camphor on a piece
of bread.
A damp henhouse is disease breed
er, and dampness and filth are very
bad combination.
No wonder some mems hens never
weigh anything. The lice have just
about carried them.
Spraying chicken house with to
20 solution Of lime-sulphur will eff.
fectually destroy all nits and Lice
Middlings and corn meal wet with
skim milk makes fine forcing feed
for culls that are to be marketed.
A good nest egg may be made by
blowing out the contents Of an egg
and filing the shell with wet cement.
Are the hens roosting out on the
trees these cold nights? Better get
them in and avoid frozen combs and
aeet.
Those who have tried IL claim that
q teaspoonful Of Venetian red in q
gallon of drinking water Is a good
bowel trouble preventive.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1913-01-10
sCHWITTAY is BOUND OVER
Marinette County Sheriff Pleads Not
Guilty at Detroit to Charge of
Subornation of Perjury.

Marinette.- Albert S. SchwittaS
sheriff of Marinette county, under ar
rest at Detroit, Mich, for subornation
of perjury, was arraigned in court
and pleaded not guilty. He was bound
over for trial on Feb. and his bond
of $4,000 renewed The information
against Schwittay charged him with
inducing a girl to swear falsely that
she had accompanied him as matron
when he transferred female prisoners
from one institution to another, for
which services he had charged his
county expenses.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1913-01-10
Charged With MansIaughter.

Milwaukee.-The trial of Bernard
J. MINI, president of the MINI Bill
lard company, on a charge of man
slaughter, has begun in district court.
In a fire which destroyed the MINI
plant on March II last, Arthur
Klann, an employee, lost his life. The
state maintains that MINI is guilty of
contributory negligence in that he
failed to equip the building with fire
escapes.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1913-01-10
BOARD THAT ORIGINATES AND DIRECTS

In Wisconsin history is being made
in respect to state government. With
a board headed by Governor McGov-
ern and including strong members Of
the senate and house of representa-
tives of the general assembly also
the secretary of state-the finances
of the commonwealth are kept under
close surveillance and, as an all-im-
portant departure, progressive eco
nomic and social reforms are investi-
gated and here and there put into
practice The state board Of public
affairs is the name given to this body
of such sweeping and variegated
power. It has seven members.
The board is combination of the
legislative and executive. Legislative
ly it investigates the financial needs
of the state departments before the
legislature itself convenes; the board
makes up a budget of departmental
expenses and submits this to the gen.
eraI assembly This budget is based
on actual needs. Economy is the
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1913-01-10
Dies in Scalding Vat.

Merrill. William Fehrman, while
employed as millwright at the Mer-
rill Veneer company's plant, fell into
one Of the hot water watts and was IA
tally scalded, death ensuing few
hours later.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1913-01-10
Hand Is Shot of.

Racine Funk, Is years
old. sustained the loss Of his right
hand when his double barreled shot
gun was discharged while he was
hunting rabbits. He dropped the gun
and both barrels were discharged.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1913-01-10
eneraI Fund Decreased.

Madison.-The states general fund
on January / stood at $1,O66,775.59,
as compared with $1.684,615.66 on
December 1. The balance in all
funds is $1,815,9S9.S2 as compared
with So, 1888 month ago.