The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1913-07-17
CAISSON WORKERS
perils and Difficulties That En-
compass Their LabOrS.
THE FEARFUL AIR PRESSURE.

II Causes ENhilarstion Rfter the FiTst
Painful Sensations Pass Awsy-Ths
Great Danger Lies In Coming Out OF
the Lock into the Open Air.
Laboring on the frm earth. with "all
out OF doors" TO breathe, persplring
and mayhap grumbling at ones hard
luck, a person seldom II ever stops to
think that men work day after day
deep down In the water or the mud.
with none but artificial light to guide
their movements and only the air that
is pumped to them to breathe.
People who work In the open air
would have only to labor for a very
short time in divers suit, a caisson
or an air lock. getting taste OF what
1t is like and how II feels. TO be cured
whatever of grumbling at their lot and
thank their lucky stars that II has been
ordained that they work on top Of the
earth
The work OF a diver. his sensations
while under weter and his experiences
have often been written about, but
those of the air lock and the caisson
worker have not While he does not
face the danger Of fouling pipes and
lines, as does the diver, he stays down
longer, gets warmer, and his great dan
ger lies In the stagnatlon Of blood and
paralysis resulting from the change OF
atmosphere
While the man working on the sur
face OF the earth bears up an atmos-
pheric pressure OF fifteen pounds to the
inch, men IN the locks bear a pressure
of from fifteen to fifty pounds OF COM
pressed air. according TO the depth
The heaviest pressure ever worked I'M
der was borne by five divers on the
Swedish ast-sixty- pounds. -Four
of these died few minutes after com.
ing out
While. as q general thing, the diver
stands not nearly the amount OF pres
sure aud seldom stays down more than
two hours, the men In the Hudson
river tunnel stood pressure of forty
six pounds and worked In four hour
shifts. Some men stayed down twenty
hours at stretch. but did not work all
the time. and Superintendent Haskins
stayed down once twenty-four hours.
The sensations experienced are pe-
culiar. When man 6rst steps In
there are tinglIng In the ears and
pain 10 the head. and when he talks It |
Is apparently through the nose. This Is |
caused by the pressure, and the remedy |
liz to hold the nose, close the mouth |
and blow against the ears. This re
lieves the pain aud stops the sensation.
When the pressure Is all on the worker |
feels all right and experiences no dis
comfort. Then there Is sort OF ex-
hIlaratIon, and a man does more work |
In the lock than he could do outside.
The danger lies 10 coming out OF the |
pressure into the open air 1t Is then
that man is apt to suffer from stag
nation of the blood and paralysis caus
ed by the change In the atmosphere
Besides this man may be attacked
In the head or stomach with severe
pains Three out of five cases where
the head and stomach are attacked re-
suit fatally,
Another severe malady resulting
from the change is what Is called the
bends" This Is the air getting In
between the flesh and the bone. 1t Is
extremely painful and so severe that a
quart Of whisky administered In half
an hour would not intoxlcate the pa
tlent. The stagnation and paralysis
are the worst dangers and do the work
quickly Many men have been keeled
over by these causes, and not Few
die Old timers at the business some
times get caught. The remedy for
this paralysis Is a quick return to the
air lock
The men as a general thing do not
remain great many years at the busi.
ness, and man should never work at
it after he is forty years of age
Cutting hole and building Il tunnel
through water is an extremely difficult
thing and by many was thought to be
impossible Still It was done In the
case of the Hudson river tunnel, and
the method is very interesting.
The work on the tunnel had pro
gressed until body Of water was
struck How to tunnel through this
hole of water was puzzllng question
1t was done In this way: A so called
balloon was constructed by making a
netting of wire rope and covering this
netting with canvas. The interior OF
the balloon was then nlled with blue
clay and salt hay. When flled the
balloon. thirty feet in diameter, weigh.
ed 40 tons The hole Of water was
then located, and with the aid OF a
huge steam derrick the balloon was
dropped into the hole. Then several
scow loads Of dirt were dumped down
on to the balloon and the whole thing
left to settle
At the end of ten days the work Of
cutting through the balloon was be
gun This was very difficult Job An
idea of what hard cutting 1t was may
be gained from the fact that It took
two months to dig through the thirty
feet, st Louis Globe Democrat