davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1913-06-03
Bin Social Event.

Mrs. p. W. McGillic and Mrs. Chas.
Mcdonald are arranging for a beauti.
full at home Wednesday afternoon OF
this week A very large number OF
invitations are ont and it is expected
to be II of The social events that
will be long remembered by their
many friends.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1913-06-03

Driven to drin ing heavily because
OF an abscess in his head. Lars N.
Martinson, a liveryman of Finley, sui
cided by taking carbolic acid. He had
been missing twelve hours when he
was found dead In the hay now over
the barn.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1913-06-03

are sure that Bismarck will gain q
good citizen. "GiT' has been q lem
Der OF the fire department, and OF the
band. and has been prominent In
lodge and social work here where he
has spent the greater part Of his
lifetime. John Gunderson, his young,
err brother, will take the position at
the bank while he in turn will have
a successor at the postoffice.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1913-06-03
New Railroad CLERK.

Hugo Rendon has accepted the posi-.
ton of night ticket clerk of the Nor.
thcrn Pacific railway. Mr.. Render
assumed his duties Saturday night. J.
p. Farrell. who has been night ticket
clerk here for several months, depart
ed for st. Paul for a short sOjOurn.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1913-06-03

BESIDES being a nifty twirler, Sis.
Ter. the Michigan University pitcher,
is a clever outtielder and one Of the
greatest batters that ever played in
college baseball.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1913-06-03
: 80 /
4 Handy Woman.

Mrs. Housewifey-l never had a
laundress who could do up white
dresses as nicely a. your wife does.
Rastus l~(grinping admirably)-Ya's m.
Mandy's a right handy CONAN. She
kin do me up jes' as easy a. one o
dem air dresses.-Puck.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1913-06-03
VIM. Grossebaur Promoted.

William Grossebauer who has been
acting a s checking clerk at the freight
depot transfer, has been promoted to
formanship of the local refrigerator
service.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1913-06-03

Perry Lipe's Savannah team Is set.
ting !, hot pace In the South Atlantic
League. The team won Il of the
first II games.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1913-06-03
Made Il clsar.

Mrs. Youngbride to grocer,-shall /
open m account. or do you prefer to
have me pay for what ! get? Grocer
Both. madam.-Boston Transcript.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1913-06-03

Making i friend laugh 10 often the
'bset help wsaas6n rye him.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1913-06-03

NEW CHURH DEDICATED
Glendive, Mont, June 2.-There
The enterprise. [volume] (Harlem, Mont.) 1899-1926, 1913-05-01
SPORT.

All of the classic events of former
horse racing days, the Suburban,
Metropolitan and Brooklyn handicaps,
the Lawrence realization and other
failures, are to be renewed during the
eighteen days racing, which will be
tried at Belmont park, New York, be-
ginning on Decoration day.
Luther McCarty, the heavyweight
champion claimant, and Frank Moran
of Pittsburg, have been matched for
ten-round bout in New York.
Bud Anderson of Oregon won from
"Knockout' Brown of New York by a
clean knockout in the fifteenth round
Of their scheduled twenty-round light
weight bout in Los Angeles.
The Montana state athletic commits
sion, appointed under the state boxing
law, organized and adopted rules for
the elimination of brutality, betting at
the ringside and the sale of liquor
Atlanta police commissioners stop
ped the scheduled ten-round bout be-
tween Abe Attell, former feather
weight champion, and Benny Kauff-
man of Philadelphia in the seventh
round.
The enterprise. [volume] (Harlem, Mont.) 1899-1926, 1913-05-01
NORWAY FOR OPEN CANAL
Minister Voices His Country's Views
Relative to Panama

Washington, April 26.-"The navi-
cation of the Panama canal should be
free and open to all and ought to be
exercised on equal terms for all. This
is a lofty point Of view on which all
nations may concur" This was the
declaration of Gregors W. w. Gram.
minister of state of Norway, in an
address here at the opening session
of the seventh annual meeting of the
American Society of international
Law. He urged that the controversy
between Great Britain and the United
States over the question of free tolls
was a proper matter for arbitration
in the event that diplomacy failed,
and urged the taking of the issue be-
fore the permanent tribunal at The
Hague.
The enterprise. [volume] (Harlem, Mont.) 1899-1926, 1913-05-01
Babe Corpse SITS Up;
Shock Kills Grandma
infant Then Dies, Also

Butte City. Cal, April 26.-While
members of the family and relatives
were grouped about the open coffin of
Mrs. j. r. Burney's 3-year-old baby
yesterday, listening to the funeral ser
vice, the body moved and presently the
child, clad in it's shroud, sat up and
gazed about the room. His eyes
caught those of his grandmother, Mrs.
L. P. Smith, 81 years old.
The aged woman stared at the
child as if hypnotized. Then she
sank into chair dead AS she fell
the child dropped back into its cof-
fin, from which it was quickly
snatched by the mother. A physician
said there was no hope for the boy and
death came few hours later
The enterprise. [volume] (Harlem, Mont.) 1899-1926, 1913-05-01

Austria Hungary virtually said that if
the other powers do not GUST Monte
negro, the dual monarchy will do it
alone
Dispatches from Cettinje quoted
King Nicholas as telling his jubilant
people that Montenegro will hold Sou
tart against all corners. In spite of
his boastful declarations, though, it is
believed in diplomatic circles that the
king can be persuaded to evacuate the
city.
Had Heart Set on 1t.
King Nicholas, protested to have his
heart set on emulating the examples
of Gar Ferdinand and the late King
George, in triumphantly entering. a
captive city. He has had that expert
ence now and it is believed that the
king, for a consideration, might be
persuaded to give up Scutari without
coercion.
From Rome the Cettinje government
has been automatically informed that
| Montenegro must give up Scutari and
that such a demand by the powers is
not discriminating by any means. 1t
was pointed out that Bulgaria, at the
instance Of the powers, desisted in hel
march to Constantinople, Servis
agreed to evacuate Durazzo, and the
Greeks were persuaded not to ATTACH
| Valona.
The enterprise. [volume] (Harlem, Mont.) 1899-1926, 1913-05-01
More Companies Quit Missouri.

Pittsburg, April 26.-The Western
Insurance bureau, holding an annual
convention here, decided to withdraw
from the state of Missouri because OF
antagonistic legislation which they as
sert has been enacted and seriously
interferes with their business. Over
62 insurance companies were repre-
scented at the meeting. The action OF
the Western Insurance bureau follows
a similar decision taken recently at
Philadelphia by the Western Insurance
union. 1t is said the two organizations
wrote about 80, per cent OF the in
surance in Missouri.
The enterprise. [volume] (Harlem, Mont.) 1899-1926, 1913-05-01
Criticized New Tariff Bill.

Washington, April ga tariff COM
mission with power to elicit informa-
ton was urged, reasonable reduction
of any duty obviously excessive was
advocated, and radical reductions not
founded on adequate information were
opposed in minority report presented
to the house by Representative Victor
Murdoch of Kansas, the Progressive
member of the ways and means COM
mittee. Mr.. Murdoch asserted that
the Democratic bill is unscientitic
The enterprise. [volume] (Harlem, Mont.) 1899-1926, 1913-05-01
kaiser's Long Pedigree.

Among the curiosities of the New Pal
ace, Potsdam, which has been the
scene of a fire. is genealogical tree
showing the name of King David en-
crossed at the root of 1t, with that of
the kaiser at the top, the descent be-
ing traced through his mothers fam
lily.
According to this genealogy the
reigning house Of Great Britain Is de-
scended from David through the cid
est daughter of Zedekiah, who fled to
Ireland in charge of the Prophet Jere-
miah, and eventually married Here
mon, king of Ulster. Apparently the
kaiser is fond of gazing upon this
proof of his ancient lineage, for 1t
occupies a conspicuous position in his
study.
The enterprise. [volume] (Harlem, Mont.) 1899-1926, 1913-05-01
.P2Ey UPON Men OF WEALTH
ORGANIZED BLACkMAILlN GANG
ALLEGED BY WITNESS.
Former Los Angeles City Prosecutor
Says CcnscienceIess Women and
Girls Form This Ring.

Los Angeles, April 26.-E. j. Elem
ing, former city prosecutor, sum-
moned as grand jury witness in the
white slavery cases which already
has resulted in the issuance OF
bench warrant for George H. Bixby,
the missing Long Beach millionaire,
said:
II welcomed the subpoena because
| am in q position to prove the exist
ence of an organized Matchmaking
gang. Instead of there being a ring
of milionaires preying upon young
girls, there is ring of constituencies
girls and women Systematically prey
ing on helpless men of wealth.
This grand jury investigation will
be a welcome relief to scores of men
in and about Los Angeles he de-
clared.
According to Fleming, the million
aire known as the black pearl and
others who were good fellows while
spending an occasional pleasant even
ing at cafes were singled out by girls
working under the direction OF a
"brainy woman" and forced to pay
blackmail, or face the possibility of
broken homes,
On the other hand the police assert
that Mrs. Josie Rosenberg, who con-
Quoted the Jonquil resort, was merely
one of a white shaving corps which
worked for number of we'll known
men about town.
Fleming's photograph is said by the
police to have been found in Mrs.
Rosenberg's watch. Receipts for pay
ment On the furniture in the Jonquil
resort, the police also declare, were
made out in Fleming's name. Elem
ing's explanation of these circum
stances was that Mrs. Rosenberg hac
followed him for three years anc
used the pictGre in the watch to force
him to accede to her demands. He
also said she had furniture receipts
made in his name to further strength
en- her hold on him.
The search for George Fl. Bixby
named in the stories told by mum
, Der of girls who were induced to visi
| the Jonquil, is being continued, with
, ont success. Officers charged Will
the serving of the bench warrant is
sued Wednesday say they have re
J ceived positive information that Blk
, by has left the state.
The enterprise. [volume] (Harlem, Mont.) 1899-1926, 1913-05-01
FROM MANY POINTS
EVENTS OF THE DAY HELD TO A
FEW LINES.
LATE EVENTS BOILED DOWN
Personal, Political, Foreign and othee
Intelligence Interesting to the
General Readers.
CONGRESS.

President Wilson has sent num-
Der of nominations for confirmation.
Suffrage subcommittee continues
its hearing on suffrage parade police
protection.
Senator Penrose gave notice that
very vigorous request for hearings on
the tariff bill would be made.
James Hamilton Lewis has been
sworn in as senator from Illinois ana
appointed to privileges and elections
and District of Columbia committee.
Senator Hughes introduced Dill TO
admit DR.. +. F. Friedman to practlce
medicine in the District of Columbia
without the usual examination.
Senator Works, speaking on his OH!
to prevent District of Columbia news
papers from printing details of crime,
vigorously attacked present-day Jour-
nalism and newspapers.
The enterprise. [volume] (Harlem, Mont.) 1899-1926, 1913-05-01
Debate Cotton Schedule.

Washington, April 26.-The cotton
schedule of the tariff bill was the sub.
iect of lengthy and heated debate
in caucus of Republican members
of the house. Representatives Gard
ner of Massachusetts and Greene Of
Iowa presented a report as a subcom-
mittee of the ways and means commit
tee. Republicans, setting forth that
they had been unable to frame COM
ple,e substitute for the cotton sched-
ule of the Underwood bill They said
they had not been given sufficient time
nor information.
The enterprise. [volume] (Harlem, Mont.) 1899-1926, 1913-05-01
TARIFF DEBATE IS J
THREE PARTY FIGHT
RERpuLICANIsM DESCRIBED AS
dead, DAMNED AND LOST
FOREVER"
NEW PARTY "BRANCH SHOOT"
Democracy Said to Be Cleaning Feet
on the Progressive Party's
Door Mat-The Ex-
ponents.

Washington, April 26.-Republican-
ism was described as dead, damned
and lost forever" Democracy was
accused of rushing to "celan its feet
ON the Progressive party door mae
and the Progressive party was char
acterized as branch shoot from the
dead Republican trunk" in the three
cornered debate in the house.
The Republican cudgel.
Representative Hamilton and Ford
ney of Michigan took up the cudgels
for the Republican minority, the lat
ter bitterly assailing the sugar sched
ule and the free listing of lumber and
wool as ruinous on American industry.
Representative Hamilton ridiculed the
Democrats and criticized the presl'
dent.
with the cocksuredness of the man
accustomed to instruct the immature
minds of youth" he said, 1.-The presi-
dent, in his address to congress- I'M
| dertook to settle, in eight minutes.
problems that have vexed the m1nds
of statesmen for more than hundred
years."
Progressive Exponent Talks.
Representatives Hinebaugh of Hi
nois, and Hulings of Pennsylvania, at.
tackled the Underwood bill on behalf
of the Progressive party Representa-
| tive Huings declared the bill would
not curb monopoly nor reduce the cost
of living, though he hoped it would
He predicted that if President Wilson
would convince the people that hif
tariff ideas were right, the Demo
cratic party will remain in power fol
the next 20 years
Mr. Hinebaugh charged that thu
pending bill was a compromise be
tween the power of special privilege
and the power of political patronage,
and he accused the Democrats ant
Republicans of falling over themselves
in an attempt to clean their feet OF
the Progressive party door mat"
Minnesotan Supports Bill.
Representative Hammond of Mime
sofa and Representative Peters o
Massachusetts, defended the bill Of
behalf of the Democratic ways an
means committee, asserting that
was an honest effort to tighten tn
burdens of the people and that
stripped the tariff of it's discrimins
tons and privileges to the favore
, few.
f The Democratic party is not fire
party MIR. Hammond declared, IAN
+ so far as | can find it has never dt
clared for free trade" He undertoo
to show that the Underwood bill wa
drawn strictly in accordance with tn
= tariff for-revenue-onl principle. In
heated discussion of rates Mr.. Han
mond Endorsed the placing of flour o
the free list. He explained the kee
= ing of the duty on wheat while Whes
Il -four was placed on the free list, b
O holding that as manufacturing pro
J. osition the millers of the United State
!. were able to buy American whea
4 grind it into flour and compete wit
Il the finished product in the marke
q of the world. "On this basis the
a surely can compete at home,' he sal
The enterprise. [volume] (Harlem, Mont.) 1899-1926, 1913-05-01
"Huneer strike' Bill Third Reading.
London, April 26.-The hunger
strike" bill has passed it's third read.
ing in the house of lords.
Outlaw Held in Trap.

Tofield, Alta. April 26.-With the
arrival of reinforcements and provi-
sions from Fort Saskatchewan the
Gordon has been drawn closer around
Oscar Fonberg, the outlaw who has
barricaded himself in a cabin near
Grassy lake, where Detective Bailey
of the Northwest mounted police was
shot. No trace of Fonbers brother
has been found. Both men escaped
into the woods from the cabin where
the shooting occurred, but Oscar re,
turned to cabin nearby where he
now is besieged.
The enterprise. [volume] (Harlem, Mont.) 1899-1926, 1913-05-01
BeIqians at Work Again.

Brussels, April ga plenary con-
yention Of the social labor party
voted for an immediate resumption of
work by the strikers, the vote being
four to one in favor of a peaceful
settlement The extra-parlamentary
commission on electoral reform, it is
announced, will be nominated next
week. 1t will consist of q members,
drawn from political, university and
sociological circles
The enterprise. [volume] (Harlem, Mont.) 1899-1926, 1913-05-01

There is no change in the program
of the great powers to make Scutarl
the capital of Albania, and the big ma
lions unanimously agree that Monte
negro must give up the captured city.
The ambassadors met again yester-
day to consider the problem and take
under advisement the note in which
The enterprise. [volume] (Harlem, Mont.) 1899-1926, 1913-05-01
Paiamas Shock Girls.

Chicago April 26.-Attired in paia-
mas 100 students "rough-housed' on
the campus of the University of Chi
cago until "co-eds," shocked at the
night attire of the rioters, turned in
a riot call.
The enterprise. [volume] (Harlem, Mont.) 1899-1926, 1913-05-01
Another New Dance.

New York, April 26.-The banana
peel slide" is a name given a new
dance by girl wearing the brightest
kind of yellow skirts and white stock
ings.
The enterprise. [volume] (Harlem, Mont.) 1899-1926, 1913-05-01
Bishop Critically Ill.

St. Louis, April 26.-Bishop John
Jansen of the Roman Catholic diocese
of Belleville, H., is seriously i'll. He
is 70 years old.
The enterprise. [volume] (Harlem, Mont.) 1899-1926, 1913-05-01
INTENTION Of KING
PUZZLES POWERS
THINK NICHOLAS WILL .EVACU-
ATE SCuTARi ALTHOUGH HE
SAYS NOT.
AMBASSADORS MEET AGAIN
Diplomats Believe Ruler Will Obey
Demands and Note Of Montenegro
Is Taken Under Advise
nent.

Vienna, April 26.-King Nicholas OF
Montenegro is still the headliner at
the concert of the powers and what
the monarch intends to do is what
every ministry of Europe wants to
The enterprise. [volume] (Harlem, Mont.) 1899-1926, 1913-05-01
Exec ptions.

He-Must stolen goods always be re-
stored?
She-Certainly.
He-All right. Will you now take
back the kiss l stole last night?
The enterprise. [volume] (Harlem, Mont.) 1899-1926, 1913-05-01
,,sr .,1rN,s roor.rAsr


the Antiseptic powder to be shaken into the
shoes for tired aching feet 1t takes the sting
out OF corns and bunions and makes walking
a delight Sold everywhere. Csc. Refuse sub
stitutes. For FREE trial package, address A.
S. Olmsted. LIE Roy. N. Y. Adv.
The evening world., 1913-04-24
HAvRE De GRACE ENTRIES.

FIRST RACE--Naidsn fiiliss and ssidinn; ;
two-ysaroids. cuaditioas; four and half MrloHe.
-stahs aud Cap. i0s; Holiday. iOe: Paasna.
i0s Uncle Nmuais. i0s: Molina, l0e; Mordscai
i0s n Biod. ioe: Stoashsaes. 10: Daily We
TEN. 10; vsildass. lO6: Polly H.. los.
SECOND k.CE-Thres-ysarolds and upward
selling: sx fHion0. .-sRock Fish. 100; Horace
T.. III; Auto Mad. 10: 'Dynsmo. 90; sAs.
aiss. iO1; 'Maysrdsls. %: Dam. l2l; 'Star 0aft,
III: 'Anericus. 1ib: Asyaa. lOi; Baythovn, liz;
Madhdssiiaa. 1T; Touists. iit; 'IlAanon Psss,
100.
THIRD RACE-Four.yssrod and upward
selling: six fuSlnss. s.--'Union JACK. lOl; froy
wsshs. 100: 'psrdnss lO7: Rod and Gun, i0T
sM psnr:h. ii?; slsekford. ioo; osthuns. 100
FOURTH RACE--Twoysarolds 0synantovu
four fusionu. --vesa. llt; Gordon. nj: Gaiiop,
100; 'RosG Gordon. %: Fool o. Fortune, ii?
Caato. li2; Chas. Cannsr. i0t: sDsiiy Wstsr.
ios; .Is.nas D. 100; .v.iiehsa. 100; Mlis
wsy. %; 'Ponstts Blsu. %: 'Pnvsss Chsss 100
FIFTH RAcE--Thrss.ysarolds and upward
conditions; hvs and Q half furionn. n.-Discovsry
~: Joe Knisht. III: L'Aision. ": vihIs, iOs
Ahebaran. All: BE Marion. liz; Jack Ksliosr
lo2; Phyllis Autoiastts. 100: Marjorie A., lie
Early Nsht. i0e.
SIXTH -Thrss-yssr-ods snd UPWARD
selling; nile and seventy yards. sspsiIbound
III: hssou. 100; Chsrryola. III: 'Eddis Gransy
100 'MsD Ann x. los: .Msry Led, iiS: Don
| I'D AscDonaid. iiS; Futwtty. 100; Fost, ioo.
'ApSsntAs allowance claimed. Track isat.
The evening world., 1913-04-24

way. Chance ~ot n double TO risht
and in sliding to second injured his
bad leg again, but stayed in the rame.
MidkiH fouled out to Thomas. NO
RUNS.
Thomas walked. Render sacrificed.
Schultz In Chance y Murnbv vaik.a
Cree made a ..n.a,,orsi catch 10 Ola.
r,nss,s hid sor . ion. Nj, .rs ,h.r
The evening world., 1913-04-24

Ames was safe on Luderus's mum Of .
thrown ball and Eves went to third.
They tried TO work Q double steal. but
Evev was caught between third and
homo and run down. Nelson pitched
this inndng for the Phillies and Miller
played right field In place Of Dolan
NO RUNS.
FOURTH INNrNG-Hartiey relieved
Msysrs - catcher. Knabe died on .
groundsr to Ames. LoDert hied out to
snodgrass and Mages was also thrown
out by Ames. NO RUNS.
6nodgrass got . base on balls and
shafer. Burns beat out . hunt for his
third straight hit and snodgrass aA-
vanced to third. Doyle foulsd out to
Kiliifer just 40 Burns had started to
steal. and before he could get back to
nrst. Kiilifsr had thrown the ball to
Luderus for a double play. NO RUNS.
FIFTH INNIN0-Nelson. who took
Doian's place In the batting order.
struck out. Ludcras flied out to snod.
grass. Dooisn popped out to shafer.
NO RUNS.
Cravath took Magee's place In left.
Murray was thrown out by Knabe.
Merklc sinsied to right. Hersog singled
to left advancing Msrkle TO second.
Hartley walked. fiisng the bases. Ames
hit Hartley with 4 battcd bail and
though II went for q single tho two
runners who had scored had to 70 back
20 the bases AMI Hartley WAS out.
snodGrass was thrown out By Nelson.
NO RUNS.
The evening world., 1913-04-24
EDITED BY
ROBERT EOGREN
RACING
HAvRe De GRACE WINNERS.

FIRST RACE-Thrce.year.ol snd
upward; selling: nve and a half fur.
ionss.-spohn. 1o4 (Deronde). 10 to s.
even and to 5. won; Son. los (woife,.
to 1. even and I to .. second; Cowi. tie
(ButwelD, 13 TO 8, even and 2 to g. third.
Time. los as. Prince Chap. Progressive,
Cherry Seed. spelibound and Theo Cook
also ran.
SECOND RACE-,For two.ycar- -old,;
four and a half f,riongs.--F>ree Trade.
lOs (Skirvin). s to 3. 9 to 6 and I to 4,
nrst: wanlta. 1U tButwei). s to I. o
to 1 and 6 to j. second: Carbureter. i0e
(Robin). Q to I, 2 to I and 4 to 6. third.
Time-o.5s. Charles CanneII. Lcnnie u.
and Edna Leskc also ran.
THIRD RACE-Handicap; three
year-oids: nve furlongs.-Palanqutn
Ill (wilson). Z to 10 and out: first; Fred
Levy. 1902 tscharD, 30 to 1. 8 to 1 and Q
to I. second; Flying Fairy. ID (Davies).
% to 1. to 10 and to .. third. Time
LOO Barnegat and Montresor also ran.
FOURTH RACE-The Chester Sell
Ing stakes; thre-year-olds and up: six
furionss. ss.-rarts. 70 "a. snyder), to ..
. TO . and 1 TO ., won; Sherwood. III
diaisey). 8 20 1. to 1 and even. second
Chuckles. 70 CNathan), Is to 1. s to 1 AMI
6 to 2, third. Time. LII 3-5.
Prince Ahmed. Volthorpe, Yellow
Eyes and Striker also ran.
FIFTH RACE-Two-year-ol -olds; four
and half fdrlongs.-Enver Bey. 100
,Troxler), II to 20. 1 to 4 and out won !:
Punch Bowl. 1Oi tTurner). . to 2. 9 to
and to 10. second; Fiorln. IN tAm-
brose). I to I, . to 10 and 1 to J. third.
Time. 81 As. Galaxy. Stellata. Arms
ment and Maxim's Choice also ran.