davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-08-24
Women in Surgery

From the Rochester Democrat and Chron-
icle.
In passing reference In a magzIne
article there is a suggestion of effective
ness In surgical work that is not vet
generally attained. That surgeons spe-
cialize in operating only for certain dis
eases and on certain parts of the body
is well known, but a feature of the oper-
atoms in the famous hospital of the Nav
os at Rochester MINI, is novel II Is
said that one of the valuable assistants
OF the brothers is needlewoman whose
fingers have been trained to sew up in
clslons with remarkable rapidity and pre-
eision.
surgeons today receive invaluable as
slstanee from nurses, and the particular
nurse to which attention has been called
suggests how women may, and prob
ably now do, complement the work Of
surgeons to the great advantage of the
patients Persons who have been ex-
pored with the knife have doubtless often
studied the hands of the surgeon and
wondered how skilled they were in re-
placing organs. bringing together Incl
sions and sewing and tying-especially
the last for organs have a way of taxi
ing care of themselves when they are
dumped back into the vicinity of their
proper place.
How important a place women will oc-.
cupy in medicine is still in doubt. They
are not yet large factor in general prac-
tice, and we have not heard of famous
women surgeons, although there may be
SUCH 1t may be predicted that women
will not take the place of men in med-
cine, but they will occupy an important
Complementary place. and it is quite ap-
parent that a woman trained in surgery
with slender, strong, sure hands, would
give man assistance that few members
of his own sex could render
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-08-24
BY WILLARD d. PRICE
e the prime minister

chief, an assistant chief and four inspec-
tors The principal of the school appoints
the entire force. Needless to say, it is
considered no small honor to be appointed
a member of the Junior sanitary police =
The official badge is priced highly, The
girls have a part too, some of them being
made sanitary aids
The school district is sectioned off and
each member of the force made RESPONSE
BILE for one section. He must make reg
ular Inspections. When he finds a dirty
stable, a rubbish-filled back yard, a heap
of fermenting lawn clippings or a leaking
garbage receptacle he has, of course, no
power to compel the owners to clean up;
but in nine cases out of ten he can per-
suade them to do so. And the children
are proving splendid educators. Now and
then persuasion fails and the abuse is
uncorrected. Then the case is referred to
a boy inspector and later to the boy
chief. IF the courteous efforts of these
high OFFICIALS also prove unavailing, the
report goes to the board of health and
a threat of o. suit brings the offender
sharply to time. He discovers that the
alert consciousness of a whole city is
back of these badged children.
The schools were further utilized as dis
tributing stations for fly pamphlets and
circulars Each bit of educative litera-
ture as 1t came out was placed in the
hands of every child in the schools of
Cleveland and thence carried into the
homes.
The striking fact about all this cam
paign was that it was waged not during
the fly season. but before 1t. During a
clustering March and a wild, weeping
April, while flies We're as scarce as straw
hats, the battle was at It's height 1t was
directed against the winter fiies''-the
few which had survived the cold season
and would soon begin laying eggs
The reason for these tactics were set
forth in a "fly-catechism'' issued by Miss
Dawson. One question and it's answer
read:
How many flies may breed from pair
in spring?"
Allowing SIX patches of eggs of $50
each, supposng all to live and find filth
to breed in, the number would be 19l 0l0.-
00,000, 900. .o00,ce0 enough to bury the entire
earth AZ feet deep Why not kill the fly
in the winter or early spring.?
An enterprising ice cream company con-
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-08-24
Colonel Ga1)ard Talks Our Avalanche at Panama

copyrighted, 1913 by Frank C. Carpenter.
Washington, ID. c.
7 HAVE just had long chat with Col.
David D. Gaillard, the engineer COM
4 missioner who for the past six years
has had charge of the Culehra cut. l
first met him when I wrote up the Pan
anna canal of more than year ago.
then went with him on foot through
the mighty cash which he was making
in the Andes We walked together from
gang to gang of the thousands of men
who who were gouging out the earth.
blasting the rocks and carrying the
mighty trains of spoil down to the
ocean. We investigated the petty volca-
noes and studied the slides. At one
place in the canal Mother Earth had
bumped up her back and thrown rail
road half way down to the battom.
photogra phed the colonel beside this great
hump, and had Just time to change my
film before another hump occurred and
the railroad again went flying, being
overturned under our eyes.
NV talk with Colonel Gaillard last night
was at the Monday evening reception Of
the Cosmos club He wore black
steel-pen coat, boiled shirt, we'll blacked
shoes, and looked more like club man
than a civil engineer who is doing one
of the biggest things upon earth. When
we walked together through the canal at
Panama he was in his working clothes.
His riding trousers were wrapped in leg
gings of leather his shirt was of flannel,
and he looked as much the day laborer
as any steam shovel man or as any
Jamaican handling a drill. When at
Panama he walks miles through the
canal every day. and there is not a de-
tail of the excavation of which he has
not practical and scientific knowledge
He knows the work so well that he can
describe 1t to the amateur in plain Eng
lsh and the latter will understand what
he says.
1t was in the same simple language
that we talked last night 1 had asked
Colonel Gaillard not to deal in figures
but to give me the story of what was
going on in round numbers, and In such
terms that the man on the street could
understand.
The Culebra Cut
Every one knows what the Culebra cut
the mountains had to be gouged out to
make the rock waterway through which
she ships can go. The excavation began
at a point above sea level almost as
high as the top of the Washington
monument. That was on the top of Gold
hill, and on the opposite of the pass
the digging began, a little more than 100
feet lower. 1t has to go down to 10
feet above the sea level, and the amount
of excavation has been estimated as
enough to make tunnel to the center of
the earth so large in size that a railroad
train could run through and not scrape
the walls. The total amount of digging
and carrying away of earth done by the
Americans will be about 220000,000 cubic
yards, and the bulk of this vast sum has
come right out of the cut at Culebra. In
order to understand what this means,
would say that a yard of earth weighs
over ton and half, and for each of
these millions of cubic yards you may
figure that it would take two good sized
horses to haul it in a wagon up hill and
down over the ordinary farm road of our
country.
During my talk with Colonel Gaillard
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-08-24

canal above 1t. If this weak layer runs
across under the canal at few feet be
low the level of the bottom. the mate.
rial is forced laterally toward the center
of the canal and is heaved up through the
bed If it is above the bottom level II
may be squeezed out from the sides or
walls of the canal 1t is just as though
you had some Jelly in a layer cake. II
you press on the cake the jelly win ooze.
Now, the pressure Is SO great upon these
weaker layers of rock that they ooze out
as it were. or are forced up into the bed
of the canal
But how does that come9sH I asked
ut is caused by the disturbance OF
the equilibrium of the earth's strata
by the digging of the canal As long
as the strata lay one upon another
the weight of the mass was equally
distributed upon the bed. that It
was not possible for any of the strata
to move. When tue great ditch was
cut, and the material taken out. the
lateral pressure which held the weaker
strata in place was taken away. and
the great weight above squeezed the
weaker materials far below out into
the canal ! might explain 1t more
scientifically, but that is rough, sim
pie idea of how these breaks occur.
Where they come up through the cot
tom We dig the heaved. portion away,
and often the broken part of the high
bank settles again, causing another
hump in the same locality. After a
"a. fl.. ottrI,f - &I,.a
broken portion of the bank is so re-
duced that it cannot move again. l
look for all such breaks and slides to
disappear gradually. They win stop as
soon as the earth has accustomed it.
self to the changes in equilibrium made
by the digging"
How long do you think they will con-
tinue?"
There will probably be slides until
the excavation is entirely completed, but
they ought to stop shortly thereafter
The water will aid in preserving equei-
brium, and the vibrations caused by the
firing off of charges of dynamite. and
that of the hundreds of loaded trains
which are passing through the cut every
day will then be removed. The humps
which come, any should come. after the
work is completed can be removed by
dredging"
A Sea-Level Canal Impossible
do not the slides show that we could
not have built sea level canal?"
1T would seem to me- The unfore-
seen increase indicates clearly that the
construction of sea level canal would
have been practically impossible within
any reasonable time and at any reason
ale cost. For such a canal the excava-
tion. at Culebra cut would have had to be
IS feet more than the present depth. and
this would have caused a much greater
relative addition by slides than has been
the case up to the present time. During
the month of April last 81 per cent of the
total excavation made in that cut was
necessitated by Slides.
Had you known the possibility OF
slides at the beginning and changed your
argle of excavation, could you have done
the work more cheaply?'
I'VE might have made more regular
slopes. but doubt whether any ma
terial diminution in the quantity of the
excavation would have occurred"
When will the dry excavation be fin.
ished?"
"on May l, 1913 we had still six and
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-08-24
Coughs LIN Bullet

New York, August s.-(special) while
engaged in household duties in her home,
Mrs. Patrick Vaughn. wife of chauf-
feur, was seized with a violent fit of
sneezing and coughing. Vaughn was
starting for "A doctor when a violent
paroxysm brought from his wife throat
the remnants of bullet which was aeci-
dentally shot into her head 30 years ago.
No blood discharge followed the eiec-
ton of the bullet, and in half an hour
Mrs. Vaughn was ready to start on a
vacation she had planned to begin today.
When she was 7 years old revolver
bullet pierced her forehead between the
eyes. The yound healed. Ever after that
she suffered from violent headaches A
month ago the surgeons in Fordham hos
pital removed growth in her throat
which they took to be cancerous They
now believe the growth was caused by
the bullet
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-08-24

acres more than mile high Talk about
the pyramid of Ghizehl This is esti-
mated to contain 100000 cubic yards
Six or seven such pyramids have slid
down into the Culebra cut. and we have
have had to move them out
What are these slides?'
"They are of two lzinds,'' said Colonel
Gaillard. "one is the slide proper which
consists of the movement of material
lying on the rock bed They are COM
posed of clay and earth, and may have a
great deal of rock mixed with them They
are masses of earth, moving by gravity
on smooth inclined surface of harder
underlying material. The other class is
known as the break 1t comes from
the weakness of the various strata far
under the surface. They are squeezed
out by the enormous weight of the ma
terial lying above them.
Take first the slide proper. In this
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-08-24

the question as 10 the actual amount of
material which had been handled under
his supervision at Panama came up. and
he said:
When I first went to Panama was in
charge of the dredging in the Atlantic and
Pacific divisions, and l there took out
something like 100000 cubic yards of
material. In addition I had the Culebra
cut That was in April 1907. just about
six years ago. Since then we have ex-
caYated more than 1O6,t0o0OO cubic yards.
When l took charge 5.5O0,00o cubic yards
had been taken out, and 1 was told that
there were only 65,o0o.ce0 yet to dig The
actual amount taken out has been so per
cent above that, and there are about
100000 cubic yards still to be moved be-
fore the Culebra cut will be finished"
The Andes Versus the Desert
please tell me in simple language what
106@0090 cubic yards means?"
1T means so much" replied Colonel
Gaillard, that it is hard to comprehend.
When the French first opened the Suez
canal they had taken out 100000 cubic
yards. What we have excavated in the
Culebra cut alone is one and one-half
times as much. Besides the excavations
in Egypt We're mostly made up of soft
material and the sands of the desert
The greater part of our material has
been rock. which We had to blast out
with dynamite and carry miles away to
the dumps
In simple language If what we have
taken out could be piled with vertical
sides in a square inside the building lines
of a Washington city block it would
make a shaft reaching to a height of
over six miles; and if 1t were loaded on
railroad trains, at 400 cubic yards to the
train, the cars holding the stuff would
fill one continuous track reaching twice
around the world at the equator. If
you could put the material into a rail-
road embankment, As feet wide at the bot
tom, 10 feet high and wide enough at
the top for double track line, that EN-
bankment could be stretched from Wash
irgton to many miles beyond Chicago,
ana still 1t would not hold all the earth"
How much more digging have you had
to do than was calculated at the begin
ning?"
81 have shown you that we have al
ready taken out over 100000 cubic
yards more at Cuebra than was esti-
mated when we began work there. In the
whole canal the excavation will be more
than double the original estimate. The
international board of consulting engi-
neers figured the total excavation for
the completed lock at 9O,0O0,000 cubic
yards, and it is now known that the ex-
oau inn will no in 40 aio oh bOr Of
22e,000,000 cubic yards. Some of this in
crease has come from the widening of
the canal, and great deal is due to the
additional work caused by slides and
breaks"
Uncle Sans Culebra Avalanches
What has the slides amounted tor
so far they have added over 20.000000
cubic yards to the material in the Culebra
cut alone, A million cubic yards is equal
to a solid block 300 feet square and 300
feet high. Such a block would have
base of more than two acres. and 1t would
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-08-24

case the motion is very like that of a
glacier, and it ranges in speed from a
few inches a month to fourteen feet a
day. In the large slides the motion is
uniform. In one instance the speed was
about ten feet per day, and the variation
during the first ten days of the move
ment did not ambount at any time to
more than 10 per cent. That was the ia
nous Cucaracha slide. which covered A
acres, and carried down a mass of NOV
ing material of several million cubic
Yards"
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-08-24
The Danger to Ships

rs there any possibility of one of those
slides dropping down on steamer in
transit and swallowing it up?"
II think not, replied Colonel Gaillard
1.-The slide would have to move far more
rapidly than any we have had to fall
upon a steamer in transit The only way
that a ship could be affected would be by
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-08-24
Uncle Sans Culebra AvaIanches

What has the slides amounted to?"
so far they have added over 20.000000
cubic yards to the material in the Culebra
cut alone. A million cubic yards is equal
to a solid block 300 feet square and 300
feet high. Such a block would have
base of more than two acres and it would
rise to the height of a twenty-five or
thirty story building. Twenty such blocks
would be equal to a solid block of two
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-08-24

one of the breaks, where the material in
the bottom of the canal might rise up
and the ship go aground You remember
the hump that occurred when we were to-
gether in the canal. Had that taken place
when asteamer was passing over the
when a steamer was passing over the
her keel had been within six feet of the
bottom. As to the speed at which the
slides proper come down into the canal
we have not yet had a man killed by any
of them. SO you see they do not go very
fast. Indeed we do not locke for any
danger as to slides and breaks more than
temporary blocking of the channel, and
va ms = not aoa,,r
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-08-24
Rock Which Flows Like Molasses

II VII IIIt HOIIIttTIIIIS dDOUl IHe UTeAks.
''rhe breaks are caused in every case
by the crushing of weaker underlying
layer of rock through the enormous pres
sure of the high bank on the side of the
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1913-03-30
HOW TO SHOP BY MAIL

each peio nsr th
,as Si wng 70 the the rural free
S % m % ssd me d then
Tho Tnes-D
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1913-03-30
w. II. SCOTT.

5COTTS OLD MARKET DRUG; STORE
Judson Cunningham manager. is the
drug store Of Richmond. for when
you get anything from SCOTS tia
right. SCOTS Corn Plaster VIII MAKE
cripple dance for Joy. Zoe: SCOTS
Liver pills beat all. Zoe. Scotts
Rheumatic Mixture does the work
for 50c.: Scotts Blood Mixture en-
riches the blooo and makes 1t as pure
AS All Infants. 500: Scotts Pile
Salve is q wonder. 25c.: Scotts Nerve
Tonic and Digestive Elixir will cure
nervous Indigestion, h0C.; Cunning
hams Elixir of Life restores wasted
energies. soc; Cunninghams Royal
Remedy and Injection for men never
expert. no charge for Htting. REG
CT $ and Colgatc's goods: big stock
right prices ana polite attention.
Muil orders SppCialtV
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1913-03-30
4 MILLION FLIES

ARE ON THE WAY TO RICHMOND.
better get prepared for them: rs
screens for Your windows and doors:
all prices. NAUGHANS, opposite
('nbeu 4 IN
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1913-03-30
HELIABLE HAT REPAIRING.

MEMS PANAMA HATS CLEANED
blcached. blocked rctrimmcd. Any
style straw hats cleaned. 25c. Silk,
soft and Htin hats cleaned and
blocked. AMERICAN UAT co. Firth
and AlnrShall Strccts.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1913-03-30
A BOY CUT HIS LEG OFF.

EUT NOT WITH ONE OF OUR LAWN
Mowers. Our mowers cut grass, and
VIC warrant 'em; prices $3.50 up.
VAUGHAN. opposite Cohen Company.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1913-03-30

HIGHLAND PARK.
PRETTY HOME ON CAR LINE, OF
twelve rooms, al! improvements
sidewalks. sewerage, electricity. city
water, bath. etc. This ought TO go
like hot cakes at $4,000.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1913-03-30
A FENCE AT SC. YARD.

WIRE. GALVANIZED.
down: for chickens. rabbits. etc.
NAUGHAN'S, IL East Broad street.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1913-03-30
&eaI estate for Afnt.

NEdl N8ldlE lut NIIlL.
WANTED. TO RENT 4 FIRST-CLASs
blacksmith shop and good dwcti-
garden. in good neiGhborhood, to
do all kinds of wood and iron work;
rort%.hree y sa,Is,oe eNpeFIcnee u THr
RING. o09 Commerce Street, Alex
andria, Va.
AUTOMOBILE STORAGE DEAD AND
sye5 5sf fnt very yn ehsap Sas san ae
FOR RENT, TWELVE ROOM COT
tagc. completely furnished, OF Ches-
apeake Bay, Seventh Street. Will
loughby Beach Address Box 1918.
HALF STORE FOR RENT AT 49, f.
Broad street: best location in the
city, rent reasoI 1aDn Apply at , Gnse
roc 2109.
COMPLETE LIST OF FURNISHED
cottages for rent for summer season.
H. @. HARRIS & co. Bartlett Bldg,
Atlantic City NJ j.
PARTY LEAVING CITY FOR SIN
months n VIZ Vast rGm n furm ns o the apayt
est and best in Richmond. Refer
ences exchanged. Ill 337, care Times
Dispatch.
FOR RENT. NINE-ROoM HOME. FUR
water and electric lights. on car
line facing Chesapeake Bay, at
L,fw iSr .5S 1913 East
Main Street.
LET ME RENT YOUR CoLoRED
property. You will find my service
the hest eecauss Az RIGHT sarps on s sne
ord aud Leigh Streets, Phone Mon
roe 3SS.
HOGsE IN ASHLAND: EIGHT ROOMS
and and Ia dnr APpx ii as Ma Main Sec
UNENPIRED LEASE TO, Two or
most desirable smalicr offices in Ntu-
tual Building. Address * $40, care
Times Dispatch.
FOR RENT. sIN-RooM HOUSE ON
Battery street Fulton Hill. Apply
NEXT door or phone Madison 1863
FOR RENT. 4 GOOD FARM OF rs
Sba arn near w," Eo Bon Nr ' and sonthah amp
A. l.. ADAMsoS eli IInll street.
el5 SOUTH RANDOLPH STREET,
i've rooms. $50 year.
I'VE rooms each, hot and cold water,
S210 year.
loi NORTH PLUM STREET. BATH,
range latrobe. $3.50 year.
27o7 WEST MAIN STREET, SEVEN
rooms, bath. $3.50 year.
ao4 WEST MAIN STREET. FIGHT
rooms. bath, $3.50 year.
203 NORTH MULBERRY STREET,
nine rooms modern. Siso Year.
eos NORTH TENTH STREET TEN
rooms, bath. latrobc. $3.50 year.
bath. hot water heat. com bination
fixtures, $3.50 year.
llas WEST AVENUE. NINE ROOMS.
In
FLATS
HAT, three rooms, $3.50 year
24ls WEST CARY STREET LOWER
nos. AND II LOWER FLATS ON
south Robinson street, fve rooms,
bath, gas range, $40 year.
Nos :, =. u ANp Is. UprER FLATS,
on Robinson street. 1--WE rooms, bath,
gas range, S2io year
IL SOUTH DAVIS. AVENUE, UPPER
Nat, i've rooms. bath. $40 year
90 SOUTH DAVIS AVENUE. UPPER
hat. hvc rooms, bath. S9iO year
zoos WEST GRACE STREET, UTTER
apartmcnt eight rooms, bath hot
STORE OR OFFICES.
1870 WEST BROAD STREET. SToRH
and dwelling. six rooms, $500 year,
100 s,or So Or once. sgsy lssS Year STREET
RICHMOND TRUST & SAVINGS CO.
Real Estate Department. lI0s E;as1
Main O. a. Hawkins, Mana ger, IS
FOR RENT. THREE-SToRY7 Fac
tory building. with large storaa "a
room, conveniently located: wenl.
lighted and In every way most De-
s,rable for medium sized, clean and
up-D-hate manufacturing plant in
ono block OF street cat line; accce,
sibic iugall freight depots ~ ptas-
cnt ocnMnicl LN the Ira MI hin l,r1rx..
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1913-03-30

LET ME RENT YOUR COLoRED
property You will find my service
the best. because ] am right on the
ground r. \. CEPHAS, corner Sec
ord aud Leigh Streets. Phone Mon
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1913-03-30

FOR SALE. S225 DINING ROOM SUIT.
one -uuartcrcd oak consisting of
china nrcss. mirror back and glass
shelves, serving table ard chairs. in
quick sale 500. Apply 2207 Hanover