davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
La revista de Taos. [volume] (Taos, Nuevo MeÌxico) 1905-1922, 1913-07-11

Educaci6n del Estado ~ Santa Fe
Sscretario dc IL As0ciaei6n Educa.
cional de- Nuevo Mexico, J Editor
del @New Mexico JourhAI Of Edu'
cation, cuya pubIicsci6n o Il Or.
ganO oticiai dol DepartamentO de
Educaci6n del Estado J dc lA AaO.
ciaci0n EducacionaI Dc Nuevc
Mexico. Sn talvnto, ~ eaplendida
educaci6n J experiences On los d.
fsrsntes ranlos sdueaeipnalea, como.
cedor do las condiriones do educa-
ci6n On los difsrphtsa eoudadOs dol
Estado, 10 senalan como u satrslla
resplan0eeivnts que con aclsrtc J
buen tiu0 dirigs 81 barco d. Ia edn
cacidn On los vvinte y seis cohda-
dos del EsfadO con aeomDruso tlno
y actividad POGO comnn.
Fl Estado puede qentlrss or
gulluso do tener al frente do tan i'm
portante ramo a un hotnbrs do tan.
ia habilidsd J tslento como Mr..
Asplund, y a la vez que maestrOa
" Superintendentes Do CondsdO
todos hallan con o. aeiior Asplund
los sanos conseiOs y constante ayu-
de- que On muchaa oeaaiones 90
Ofrecen para con las eacueIas.
La revista de Taos. [volume] (Taos, Nuevo MeÌxico) 1905-1922, 1913-07-11
q 80
EQUAL sERA EL VUIENg

Quien sera 81 cual 0 cual aera el
quirn % question que esta preocu.
pando algunos De los poltticcs
Democrats que Do buena CANA
quisieran calzsrse las chanClas del
ConsejeFO Legal, pues q pueatp Va
q quedar yaciO cnapdp 50 Feciba 81
actual ipcumbeute como pTocura-
dor federal &c distritoI
I'm muy poca sgua &c ahcgan,
Aprecisbles aspirantss,
Cnando sois tan vigilantes
En mirar 81 algo perscgan;
VA los personaa qne abcgan
En- esta TERRA bendita
Estan con 81 cucharita
Metida en- un candslero,
Puea ser Legal Conaeiero
Es pOsici6n muy Bonita.
La revista de Taos. [volume] (Taos, Nuevo MeÌxico) 1905-1922, 1913-07-11

Ell REY DE ToDos LAS PURGANTEs
Para constipation dolor de cabeza in-
digestion y dyspepsia, use las PiIdorss
de Nueva vida del Doctor King. Paul
Mathulka. de Buffalo, N. Y, dice que
son "El Rey de los Purgantes. Son una
bendicion para toda mi familia 70
siempre guardo una GAIA en- 81 hogar.p
Consiga una GAIA y curese. Precio 25cts.
Recomendadas por La Botica Taosefa,
Adv.
La revista de Taos. [volume] (Taos, Nuevo MeÌxico) 1905-1922, 1913-07-11

Miss Hancock 90 Il Instructors
asistauta En- nuestro institute, cuys
habiIidad y rxperiencia On 81 arte
de enseilar IL senalan como una de
las meioses profesoraa on NuevC
Mexico. Es nativa del estado de
illinois pn donde gradu6 On Ia es-
cuss Alta de Neoga, iii. practlcan.
dU In pgnida sus estudios on ID
Univsr liad NacionAl Normal en-
Lebanon, Ohio. Mas t4rde in.
gres6 como alumna dc Ia "Illinioa
Wesleyan University" en- Bloom
ipgtou, ~. en- dOnde gradu6 en-
mdsica y canto.
La Srita. Hancock es ana de las
prOfesors ds mas experiences, ha
biendo sido maestro de- escnela &
instructora de Institutes en- Belen,
Santa Fe, AlamOgordo, Otero,
Lincoln y en- d Condadc de Doiia
AuDa. Actualmente ha aceptadC
pOsicidn, para el proxilno termino
escolsr, ca el High School del con
dado de- Otero,
Es una prs'fs-ora Dc udsica exec
lente, y nnsstros msestroa que
ntianden al Institute 81 hallan muy
cOnteptos y felices porqne dedican
todos los diaa media bora on cantar
hisnncssnaaianslsa u son dsl pianp
qne dirige Miss Hancock.
La revista de Taos. [volume] (Taos, Nuevo MeÌxico) 1905-1922, 1913-07-11
Lilo. Benjamin NJ. Read

Anunciamoa q nuestros miles de
suscritores que desde Ia proxima
entrega-1S de Julio el popular
& ilustrado historisdor Neo- Mexi.
canO, Lie Benjamin M. Read com.
enzara una serie de articulos muy
importantes en- las columuas de
esta publication. La Redaccion.
La revista de Taos. [volume] (Taos, Nuevo MeÌxico) 1905-1922, 1913-07-11

paso a las escuelas alsaa ~
ma ciudad de Nueva York, gra-
duando hnalmente en- el Colegio
Manhattan, en- donde mas tarde
fue smpleado como Asistents Pro.
fesor en- idiomss modernas, Ell
posee sus diplomas do Bachiller de
Artes y tambien eI de- Maestro 40
Artes On Altos Grades. Como
pocoa Profesorea en- 81 Eatado, 81
Professor Martin posee los dos
idiomaa que prevalecen en- Nuevo
Mexico, 81 ingles y q espanol, tan
necesarias en- instituciones educa.
eionales como la que 6I dirige en-
Ell Rito.
La revista de Taos. [volume] (Taos, Nuevo MeÌxico) 1905-1922, 1913-07-11

horticulture on el Estado podran
scr do mucho benefcio, Hablo
tambien sobre otroa asuntOs mpy
impoFtantea, y entro ellos sobre IA
paz, cuyo diacurso, tau importants
como intsresaute, nsrsai6 los
aplausos do todos los que Sc halla
ban prssentes en- eI institute.
FL pr6ximo lusvss, dia II dei
que rigv, laa 3 =. NJ. d pr. Viii.
lians hablara sODre Hygiene On las
eacuslas publicas. ~ Doctor AL
lison hablara el dia 81 sobre otro
suletO muy impOrtants en Higis.
ne.
Ell dia % hablara 81 Hon. Anto.
MO Av. Rivera, nuestro ehciente
sscrstario do Condado, sObre leyes
dc sscuelaa J 81 lnodO dc asegurar
que los maestros presenter sue re.
portes mensualea y anualea tan Go
rrectos como sea possible.
Hon. Fidel Cordoba, Tesorero de
condado y con arta sxperiencia on
eI arte dc enserar, hablara el dia
23 sobre 81 entusiasmo educational
que debe reinar on la escuela entire
el maestro, sus pupilOs y padres de
familia.
OtrOs anuncios SO haran pronto.
La revista de Taos. [volume] (Taos, Nuevo MeÌxico) 1905-1922, 1913-07-11
El Institute de n aessros

Conforlne anunciamoa por este
psriodico, el lnnes de ests aemana
SO abrio q iustituto para y prepa-
racion do los maestroa ael condado
dc Taos, cuyo instituto promote IN
verdadero sucesc y Do gran prove
cho para nuestrCs maestros que
atienden al mismo.
Desde la aperture 90 eulistsron
cuarenta J tres (48) maestros, J es
de esperarae que en- laa liltiInas dos
semanas alcangardn aeaenta d
ntimero do los lnasstros en atendsn-
cia d dicho institute.
He aqui los nOmbres Do los que
atienden desde Il apertura y poi
les saaaa sa nnales pllcsH
La revista de Taos. [volume] (Taos, Nuevo MeÌxico) 1905-1922, 1913-07-11
.ASUNTOS DE
ACTUALIDAD
\ \ 4
Ell PARTIDO NUEVO

Los ofcisles Ia organization
Q partidO nuevo que fue firmado
On Santa Fe el dia 4 de Julio, %.
tan muy ufanOs do su obra y dicen
que d movimiento que le causd
esta destinado propagarse y todos
los puDtos dc Nueyo Mexico habi-
tados por hispano americanOs.
Partido dc protection
Y do benehcos hechos
TituIan muy satisfechOs
La nueva organization;
Pero, hablando con perd6n,
Dicen grandes deaatinOs
( son muy POGO ladinos
AL no dicir con lisura
Que aera la gran ventura
Para el que cola destinos.
La revista de Taos. [volume] (Taos, Nuevo MeÌxico) 1905-1922, 1913-07-11
! BIEN HAYAN ELLOSl

Despues do haber peleado contra
los Turcos y vencido estos en-
muchos saDgrientos combates, los
ahados SO enzarzan unos con otros
en- una guerra feroz por los despo-
Jos de Ia yictoria, Y lidian los Bdl.
garos contra los Griegos Y los Ser
vios. Esta % question familiar que
90 debe arreglar sin Intervention
de afuera.
Miradles con que tiereza
Unos a otros Sc arremeten
Y con armas acometen
Dura Y peligrosa empresa,
Asi a recoger empieza
Los frutos de su ambici6n
Ell que quiere un galard6n
Obtener costa ajena
X sin buscar gloria 3 pena
Quiere aumentar su naci6n.
La revista de Taos. [volume] (Taos, Nuevo MeÌxico) 1905-1922, 1913-07-11
Advertencia

Como esta entrega esta exclusi.
yamente dedicada a asuntos edu-
cacionales hemoa tenido que omitir
las secciones de correspondencias y
de localidad, que publicaremos en-
Is pr6xima entrega.
La revista de Taos. [volume] (Taos, Nuevo MeÌxico) 1905-1922, 1913-07-11
REUMATISMO Y Ell corr
ION.

No deje pasar el grave hecl
que 81 reumatismo SO va a spas
en- eI corazon, y perturba la acci
valvular. La cura consiste on J
mover la causa. Las Pildoras
Foley arreglan y fortaIecen los
homes de tai manera que guard
la sangre libre de venenos y acid
tiricOs, que csusan reumatisn
coyunturas, hinchadas, dolor de
palda, irregularidadea urinarias
accion perturbada del coraz'
Pruebelas. Bond MCCARTHY (
Adv.
La revista de Taos. [volume] (Taos, Nuevo MeÌxico) 1905-1922, 1913-07-11

Para dolencias de los mdsculos, cuan.
do quiera que sean inducidos por eier-
cicio violenio inprias, no hay cosa me-
jor que 81 Linimento de Chamberlain.
Este Linimento tambien alivia dolores
reumaticos De venta por todos los Co.
merciantes. ADV.
La revista de Taos. [volume] (Taos, Nuevo MeÌxico) 1905-1922, 1913-07-11
PARA COKTADAS, QUEMADAs
ESCALDADURAS.


En- cada hogar deberia de haber
GAIA de Salve de Arnica ie Bucklen,
ia para aplicarse en- cualduier case
guemadas. cortadas, heridas escal,
duras. j, H. Polanco, Delvalle, Tex.
r. No. 2. escribe. La salve de Arnics
Bucklen salv6 el pie cortado de mi hill
ia. Nadie creia que podria ser curado
La meior Salve del Mundo. solaments
25cts. aecomendada por la Botica
Tacseha. .........
La revista de Taos. [volume] (Taos, Nuevo MeÌxico) 1905-1922, 1913-07-11
u
REDoBLAN LAS QUEJAs

REDOBLAN LAS QUEJAS
Cada dia son mas lastineras las
quejas de muchOs periodicos del
pals, entire ellOs algunos De.n6cra.
tas, al yer que Ia psrsonalidad de
Bryan es 81 todo on la administra.
ci6n de Wilson.
ConsueIense, compaferos,
En- tan triste sitnacioD,
Y no tengan por baldon
Que Bryan sea de los primercs;
Tiene planes tan arteros
Que a Wilson Ie SCRIBE 81 $3.50,
Y cual muchacho travieso
Lo alta con un cabestrillo
Cual a maDso bnrriquillo
Con la soga en- 81 pescuezo.
La revista de Taos. [volume] (Taos, Nuevo MeÌxico) 1905-1922, 1913-07-11
2DO. GRApO

Mary Adamson, Alice Gage,
.uanita Clouthier, Oordie Cox,
Mrs Maria A. Chac6n, Manuelita
Gonzales, David Lucero, TimotheO
q. Luna, Filimon MartiDez, Selso
Z. Martinez, Jacob .Mondragdn,
Frank iodarte, Filimon Sanchez,
Cora Ssntistevan, Daisy Schafran.
ka, Anna Trujillo, Alfredo Truji.
llo, Alfonso Vigil, TranquiIino
Manchego, A. B. Suazo.
Der. GRADO.
Mrs Manuel VI. AlfarO, Eliu A..
Bernal, Jose z. Cordoba, Mrs En-.
ma Martinez, Jacob Martinez, So.
muel P. Martinez, Juan E Medina,
Eliseo Ortega, Jose M. Quintana,
Juan B. Romero Jr, Mary Struck,
Eduardo A. Trujillo, Refugio Tru
iillo, Manuel Vigil, Jose Silviano
Archuleta, Casandra M. Brown.
x x x
ElDoctor David R. Boyd, pre-.
sidente de Ia Univsrsidad de Nuevo
Mexico, fue 81 primer Orador en- 81
Institute, habiendO pronunciado
uno dc los meiores discursos que
sobre educaci6n 90 han dido 90 Taos.
Las principales familias do ests 10.
calidad Sc hallaban presentss.
Miss Manetts A. Myers, direc.
tora del Departamento do educa.
cion industrial en- el Estado, sstuvO
presente desde Ia apertura dol ms
tituto y hablo dos veces ante q
institute en- su ramo especial de
educacion industrial, como princi-
piarlO J llevarIO feliz tdrmino en-
uuestras escuelas. Sus sulsstiones Q
instrucciones fueron muy propias y
sin duda aIguDa serviran para que
Taos principle desde el pr6ximc
termino escolar, ain que on peque.
ma escala, aIgo de educaci6n indus
trial los alumDos dc las difsren-
tes escuelas on el cOndadp.
Prof. Vaughn, dol ColegiO de
Agriculture del EstadO, tambi6n
eatdgo presente desde Ia aperture J
pFcnunci6 discursOs sobre agricul
tura ante d Institute y on il casa
do cortes duraute Ia noche del lu-
mes. Es IN excelente orador y sul
esplicaciones sObre 81 meioramien.
ito y desarrOlIo Dc Ia agricultura J
La revista de Taos. [volume] (Taos, Nuevo MeÌxico) 1905-1922, 1913-07-11
NUESTRO PORvENIR

Algnnos que 50 lazgan grsndes
h0mbres sin serlo csvi'an demssia-
do scerua dol pOryenir que espera
aI pueblo hispano aulsricapO de
Nuevo Mexico. Aconssjamos a ia
les eminencias que no Sc apuren
por cosas que no les importan y
que 90 resolveran d.. .por 81 sin No.
ceaidad de su Intervention.
No to apures manso arroyo,
DE mi obscure porvenir,
Pues por mi to Sc decir
No me ahijO nj me atollo;
De congojas hago un rollo
Y las arroio en- IN pozo
Para poder Elm rebozO
Disfrutar do mi algeria,
que no osiente Ia agonia
Que hace en- ii tanto destrozo.
La revista de Taos. [volume] (Taos, Nuevo MeÌxico) 1905-1922, 1913-07-11
1MER. GRApO

Edith Cage, Mrs Daisie Hubert,
Mrs A. MCGOWAN, Antonio Mar.
tinez, Mrs Margaret Newly, Mrs
Einma W. PrObert y Pablo Quin.
tana.
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1913-01-11
I'M AIalfotIT WISsT VIRa

w.
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1913-01-11
VISOR of Az training school.

VISOR Oh tne lEalnluS SCHOuls
believe that you VII agree With
me that very few schools anywhere,
outside of well organized training
schools, have so much thorough ind IN
telligent guidance in each lessen
taught as is given in the training
school. The result is, | believe, when
all elements which enter into the de.
terminlng OF school values are taken
into consideration, a school above the
average in worth and helpfulness, Did
not firmly believe this to be true, |
should not advocate the plan now in
operation in this city.
The State Board OF Regents and the
State Beard OF Control feel that the
plan in operation here, when put III
operation in other. places, will be one
of the greatest educational influences
in the State They will be willing in
the future to give It such financial
support, and to make such modlflca-
ti;ns in the plan as will conserve the
best interests Of the city, and also the
interests of the Normal school,
There is another phase of the siiua-
ton here that believe should be I'M
derstood, and which enhances the
value of the Normal school to this
community ever any previous period
OF it's history. There is nation wide
movement 10 shorten the time OF the
elementary school so that pupils may
enter the high school year earlier, to
shorten the University and the High
school work enc year, with the OBJ
ject OF saving two years Of time Of
the average boy and girl who contin-
ues in school till the college degree
is secured. In connection with this
movement, there is also another move
ment which has in mind the strength
ening Of the work in the high schools
and Of adding to It so that the first
two years of the college work may be
done at home. All Of these things
will increase the number of these
who do college work and will also les
sen the expense very much.
The local Normal school, us at pres
ent organized, gives two years be-
yond the four-year High school, 1t Is
possible, therefore, for graduates OF
the Fairmont High school to get two
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1913-01-11

in the gypsy camp, Azucena tells Mans
rico of his history, but fearing she will
lose him. again deEies enough of it to
leave him in doubt as to her sanity.
Meanwhile he. hears that Leonora. 10
whom he was reported dead, is about to
take the veil, and he rushes away to
save her. Count di Luna arrives at the
convent with the same purpose, but just
as he seizes his prey Manrieo comes up
and. with the aid Of his companions.
liberatcS her from the Count and his
followers. Leonora becomes Manrico's
wife. while the Count vows vengeance.
In the third act the Counts soldiers
succeed in capturing Azucena. in whom
they recognize the burned gypsy's
daughter, and as the Count hears that
his successful rival is her son. she is
sentenced to be burned. Manrico tries
to rescue her, but is seized, too, and con-
demned to die by the axe.
In the fourth act Leonora offers her.
self to the Count as the price of free
dom for the captives, but, determined to
be true to her lover, she takes poison.
She hastens to him announcing his de.
liverance. Too late he sees how dearly
she has paid for It. when. after sweet
assurance of love and fidelity. she sinks
dead at his feet.
The Count, coming in and seeing him,
self deceived. orders Manrico put 70,
death Immediately.
F!e is led away. and only after thd
execution does Azucena inform thd
Count that his murdered rival was hi
long-sought brother.
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1913-01-11
DR. V00DLEYS ADDRESS 70.
CHAMBER Of COMMERCE

ucatiOnal work and conditions Of all
the States in the Union.
Enrollment-Wcst Virginia had in
1910, 27G,45S pupils of school age en-
rolled in public and private schools in
tie State, and 1904 not enrolled in
any school during the year. or 21.5 per
cent OF the total number OF school age.
OF the IS States in the Union, West
Virginia ranked 2$th. The lowest per-
Centage of children net attending any
school was in Louisiana, where AL
per cent of her children of school age
were not in school.
Revenues-In West Virginia Y. per
cent OF the money expended for school
purposes comes from LEGAL taxes, Il
per cent from State taxes, per cent
from permanent fund and . per cent
from other sources. In Massachusetts
96,S per cent comes from local taxes
8 per cent from States taxes, IL per
cent from permanent fund and 10 per
cent from other sources. A study Of
school taxation In all the States would
be interesting, but could not be done
at this time.
School PIant--Wcst Virginia has
@,SS5,jO4 invested in school property,
an average of $27OO per child of
school age in the State. The highest
valuation in the United States per
child is in Massachusetts, where it is
$1,000, and the lowest is in Missis-
sippi, where 1t is $500 per child. West.
Virginia's rank in this particular is
"a. Those States lower than West
Virginia arc all Southern States.
Expenditure per Child-West Vir-
ginia averaged in 1910 an expense of
$ll,0O per pupil The highest eXpen-
diture iii the United States during
that year was in the State of Wash
ingtom where $4,000 per child was
expended. The lowest expenditure
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1913-01-11

wears OF their Cd 90 ys1t l0llic
The confidence 81 tho IIniselFltg ID
tho work done here, hRs fesllltesl h
the approval bg the universal n ceis
tan courses given here as llpsge
credits. A little retlegti "a J. Nv
the advantage az thisst tfmlolli 81
thers and m3theFs Who are 4 pilSippe
to give their children. a college edn
cat un,.. but who have limited mem
with which to do sitts
This arpangenle emf d s5 nm & ks i pas.
sibIe for persons to ectne here Eve 5
years from the foutyear u Schools
graduate and get q liigate
and thon go out and teael lltld avn
the money to enable them leotipls
their university work it two
The approval Of the Siprls ~ the
University stanlardiSss our VOL AND
makes 1t acceptable I'M this state md
in other states as well. The add ltt9n
OF the training school IL Tie work
and the University's approval tlie
work done, makes the Eairmoht
NAL school a standard Normal cli9nl
whose diploma will be aceepted i
most states. In order to p1aidtai tltls
place, however every elelnell y
organization must be main aimed lie
City Of Fairmont has a distinct pat
ana responsibility IN this tnapgt taqt
,vorlr n n shnu1d fail In this fhe Il or
nal school, as such. would bas iippos
slble. 1t would simply be an. academic
school, duplicating work done lie
High schools and the University The
Fairmont Normal school has sept
pace with educational growth n tllis
state. In fact, 1t has always been
leader, and It Is leading now ~ As
efforts to pravide for better traiiiet
teachers for the schools Let6alI Who
are interested unite to mako Il more
helpfultand efficient,
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1913-01-11
AND ITS COMPOSER

Milan, if the word Finished could be
said OF a man who continued to be q
student all Ills life His caSiY life was
orc Of struggle, deprivation, disaupoirt-
ncnt and sorrow, the school Of adversely
which tctlpcrs the steel of which the
truly great are made. Not until after
several Of his first works had proved
dire failures did he finally win recogni-
ton, but from that time on his fame
and SUCCESS were assured. His last years
were passed in high honor and lux
urious comfort at his country place. ST.
Agata, where he passed away January
81, Ieo1.
III Trovatorc," by all statistics the
most popular Italian opera ever pro-
duccd in, America, is nearly as great a
favoritc in all other parts Of the world,
though when it was first produced III
this country it was pronounced by the
critics inferior to Verdi's "Ernanl." and
for a number Of years was held second
to the latter in >he regard of the public.
However. with each successive presenta-
ton OF III Trovatore," as its many floW-
ing melodies became more and more la
miliar, its popularity grew, until it has
come to be an infallible standby" to
the modern rcpertory. It is of Verdis
second period, and was originally pro-
duccd :. the Apollo Theatre. Rome.
January y, 1853. being followed two
months after bv the production in Ven
ice of ia Traviata."
al Trovatore" created such furore
that it was presented in all the Italian
cities without delay. as well as Paris.
wferc 1t was put on al The Theatre
Italian in 1854 with the famous Mario
as Manrico. Most OF the operas Of
Verdi's two earlier periods were written
with remarkable rapidly, and at that
time he was accused occasionally OF
carelessness. but whether this was true
or not, his genius ever surmounted any
such lapse, and some OF his earlier coil
ceptions, such as the "Miserere" in this
opera, arc still considered among the
most impressive of the operate stage.
Most Of the story of al Trovatore"
is preliminary ta the action, and the
opera itself is really series Of melo7
dramatic pictures IN sequence TO the his.
tory OF what has TRANSFERRED before.
% The old Count di Luna, now deceased,
rad two sons One night their nurse
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1913-01-11

discovered gypsy woman IN fE1e cham.
Der near the cradle OF the youngest Of
the two children. Ancient superstition
accredited gypsies with supernatural
powers, and as the child's health began
TO fail soon after this incident, the
woman was suspected of witchcraft
Consequently she was followed, captured
and burned alive. Azucena, daughter
of the gypsy, with her child in her arms,
witnessed the execution, and for revenge
kidnapped the son of Di Luna, rushed
with him totthe fire where her mother
had expired, but, being driven mad by
the sight she had witnessed, made the
fatal mistake OF hurting her own child
into the flames instead of that of the
nobIeman, and fed with the latter infant
back to her tribe. Realizing her terrible
error, she kept the Counts child as
some partial consolation for the loss of
her own. and brought him up, Manrico.
the trouhadour, as her own son. In the
meanwhile the old Count died, leaving
his older son sole heir to his title and
estate.
Maarico, the young minstrel knight
(tenor). by his proves in tourney,
has won the admiration of Leonora.
Countess Of Sergaste (soprano), and
thev fall deeply in love with each other,
and as the young Count di Luna (bari-
tone) is already smitten with Leotora,
the two brothers unknown to each
other) are rivals.
Azucena (contralto). the gypsy. sup.
posed mother of Manrico. sees a chance
in this for revenge. but in the duel he
tween Manrico and the Count the for
mcr feels strange impulse and spares
his unknown brother.
In the second act. which takes place