davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-07-10

deeply into the soil. as securit,
against drought.
Great success has attended the sys
tenn OF packing the under soil com.
pactly while keeping the top soil In q
fine state Of looseness by means of fire.
Quent cultivation. followed by mulch.
ing.
| The capillary of the lower soil IL
Increased by its close packing so that
water from below Is induced to rise
abundantly to the roots Of the trees
and plants while its evaporation Is
checked by the fine and loose condi-
ton Of the surface soil.
believe that these experiments
went far to prove that a heavier
stamping in Of the soil over the roots
or trees than is commonly practiced,
or even ramming Is beneficial and tina
cutting the roots back, say within
three inches Of the stems. causes the
development of more healthy and
vigorous root system than is produced
by only tipping the bruised ends.
But, as I have said. It seems con-
trary to all reason that the bruisinR
OF the roots. per Sc. is beneficial z
The compression of the soil in a
wide hole is desirable to an extent
when 1t is not too wet. but planting in
narrow hole where the roots are
cramped and curled must be con-
demned IT. the light of general expert
ence which proves beyond all question
that Wide spread Of fbrous roots is
conducive to rapid and healthy
growth.
What do we md on digging I'D a
dwarfed, dying or otherwise unhealthy
push! Almost. II not invariably, we
see roots cramped and twisted and
almost devoid Of fbres. And why does
transplanting young trees and bushes
IN nursery induce the production OF
a mass OF fbrous roots, except al a
consequence of transference from
STATE ana compact place. to soil In
condition of friable mould?
Almost any practicable decree OF
pressure over the roots in planting
may be advantageous, but It does not
follow that solidity to check sideways
root growth is also beneficial II II |
were 50 the annual digging. or. rather,
lorking of fruit plantations would call
for condemnation.
Experienced growers Of fruit mostly |
agree that they always fnd that trees
planted well In accordance with what
ls generally considered the proper
methods flourish better than those
less carefully planted and this, there
IS every reason to believe. Is the COM
mon experience
am sure that experiments serve q |
lseful purpose but should strongly
growers Of fruit not to act
IN q large scale upon the results Of
my experiment. and although frmer
than is usual may be tried,
prudence directs that any further test
ng OF the methods described should be
limited. for some time to come. At
east. to small operations.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-07-10
QUALITY OF DAIRY PRODUCTS
Sanitary Barns, Clean Cows, Clean Mixers and
Clean Utensils are Essential
By L. M. DAVIS

Quality is the keynote Of q perman.
emit success Though the Individual
dairyman may doubt this. its truth ID
established when the dairy business,
present and future, u considered.
Failure to realize what constitutes
success, refusal TO meet the obligation
which every dairyman owes to the
dairy industry. and competition are at
least three conditions which have
brought upon dairymen the great
problem of how quality can be raised,
for the place has been reached where
improved conditions must prevail.
Every person who handles milk or
cream knows that they are perishable
products, which require special care
Failure to observe the necessary pre-
cautions in handling these products
must therefore be considered az dis
regard Of tho principles underlying
quality. Were dairymen to apply
themselves closely in two particulars.
over ninety per cent Of the quality
troubles would disappear, and this
raised standard would be accompanied
by corresponding gain in net profits.
Cleanliness and low temperatures are
two features the abuse of which leads
to low grade dairy products. A large
percentage Of the bad flavors in milk.
cream and butter are the result Of dirt,
manure. hair and flies getting into
milk during the milking process. and
this becomes the more serious for the
reason that seventy-hve per cent of
these communicating materials go into
solution and can be removed in no
way, but remain TO cause the develop
ment Of unfavorable fermentations
which produce bad flavors in the mar
ket production
Dairy conditions which need i'm
provement include not only the main
tanning of more sanitary barns. more
attention in the matter Of cleaning |
cows previous to milking. clean milk
ers. properly constructed and cleaned !
utensils aud more care in washing !;
separator bowls, but the length Of time !
and the manner in which the milk and |
cream are held, along with cleanliness.
must be the other desirable feature !!
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-07-10
FLAX NOT "HARD" ON THE LAND.

It has long been thought that tho
growing Of fax was hard on the
land" This idea has no foundation in
fact; nor Is there any reason for adj
herring to it. The idea has gained ac-
ceptance because of the two reasons
for decreased production. One of these
is f1ax-wilt, fungous disease, which
kills the young plants and saps tho
vigor Of the older ones The other Is
the meager root system Of the fax,
which demands goodly amount Of
plant food. For these rea-
sons. flax will do best upon soil n
which there is q la-ge percentage OF
organic matter: soil we'll supplied
with moisture and free from fiax-wilt
disease, and these conditions ere
largely under the control Of the
farmer.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-07-10

Moisture Is the main cause Of rotten
eggs. Nests on the ground or in wet
straw. together with damp cellars and
moist filters" in egg-cases. are mainly
responsible for this condition. A fresh
egg will absorb odors as readily as
fresh milk. Mustiness or mouldy
growth in egg-cases or filters will faint
the egg and lower its quality. Eggs
should not be stored in musty cellars,
or IN rooms with fruit, vegetables or
fish. The chickens should never be
allowed to drink filthy water, be fed
musty grain or strong-favored vege-
tables, as onions and garlic. nor given
access to decaying meat or substances
that will flavor the product and i'm
pair its quality.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-07-10
EXPERIMENTS IN TREE PLANTING
Tree Planting Tests From Which Some Astonish-
ing Facts Were Gathered
BY w. r.. GILBERT.

An account of a series Of expert
ments In tree planting several year.
ago, in which participated, may b,
Of interest.
I may premise by stating the ex
traordinarv fact that apple tree.
planted badly according to current
than those planted In the orthodox
way.
Trees with injured roots not trim.
med were huddled into small holes
the soil over them being stamped VIC.
lently and yet they made more growth
than trees planted In the usual way
with the roots carefully trimmed to
cut OF broken or bruised portions.
In the following experiments 81
sets OF trees, $50 In all, consisting of
apples. pears. plums and cherries were
used and the result of the first year of
the trials were as astounding as those
mentioned above and even still more
emphatic.
Two sets Of trees, as nearly as pos
sible equal IN size and vigor were tried
against each other in each experiment
one set being planted in what is
usually regarded as the correct man.
ner, while the trees Of the other set
were stuck into the holes gate-post
fashion and the soil placed over the
roots was rammed heavily while it
was thoroughly puddled
Out of ten trials with apple trees
those which had been put in roughly
and rammed gave greater wood
growth In the first season than the
others In eight instances, the excess
ranging from to SO per cent and one
OF the exceptions was carried out in
such a light and sandy soil that the
eject, OF ramming was slight and Of
short duration.
The roots of the rammed trees were
necessarily more or less injured by the
ramming; there was time when these
trees seemed to be suffering from this
treatment but it was Of short dura-
ton. t.
It was concluded that the effect Of
Injury to the roots leads to the for
nation Of fresh set OF roots, while
the ramming puts the soil in close
contact with the roots and probably
increases its capillarity.
A. it may be presumed that trees Of
I'll kinds and not fruit trees alone
would be similarly affected by the
methods OF planting. the subject Is Of
great importance.
For my part I cannot believe that
me rammfng did much damage to the
roots for 1t 10 inconceivable that badly
mashed roots was the result. for ex-
psrfence shows that roots so injured
not Oh.
IA speaking Of putting the trees in
mail holes. this II somewhat after the
56angfsllow method where the roots
y the trees are trimmed off to mere
Itumps and tho tops much the same
lnd the trees are thrust into the holes
Ind manned. Tho chief object Of this
Usesm 2 20 make the trees send roots
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-07-10
CURE THE HORSES COUGH.

Many times severe cough IN a
horse can be corrected by the use Of
the following remedy: Nitrate OF po-
fash, three drachms: tartarized anti
mony, one drachm; powdered digitahs.
.three-fourths drachm; camphor. three
drachms. Mix we'll. divide into two
equal parts and make each into a ball
with a little raw Enseed oil. Give
one dose in the morning and the
other in the evening. Continue each
alternate day until relief IL noticed.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-07-10

low temperatures. While the market
milk dairyman realizes this to some
extent on account Of his product being
moro perishable, tho dairyman who
sells cream often fails 10 appreciate
the advantage of cooling cream imme-
diately after separating, and thus q
condition most favorable to deteriora.
ton begins to exist shortly after the
milk 10 drawn.
Freshly drawn milk IL 1t an opium
temperature for bacterial growth. and
unfavorable lamentations can be
checked in no better way than by i'm.
mediate cooling. II the milk 10 to be
separated. skimming should take
place directly after milking. but the
cream should be cooled before being
mixed with previous sleimmings. A
tank cooler is 80 inexpensively con-
structed and operated that there can
be no reasonable objection to its use.
Such a cooler may be made from q
box or barrel. and should be provided
with an inlet at the bottom and dis
charge at the top. Ordinary milk cans
are successfully used as containers.
and the water, used In cooling may be
run into a stock tank. Low tempera-
lures Of themselves are effective In
helping preserve quality, but an ideal
product results when they are accom-
panied by cleanliness in production.
Careless practices In the dairy favor
the adoption of burdensome regula-
tons. With ideal methods In use such
would be eliminated. and expensive.
artificial processes, such as pasteuriza-
ton, would be unnecessary.
Improvement in the quality Of dairy
products must begin with the pro-
ducer. so the dairyman holds the key
10 the situation. Every effort OF the
consumer, the distributor, or the. man
ifacturer, will work to his ultimate
benefit While payment on the quality
,asis is stablished. a premium OF
.hree to five cents per pound of butter
at Is given for cream Of highest
yrade. Such cream can be produced
oest by paying close attention TO
cleanliness and Immediate and thor
,ugh cooling.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-07-10
FERTILITY ON THE FARM

When hay and grain are sold off the
farm. there is rapid loss in soil fer
t1lity. When products are marketed
IN the form of milk or meat the loss is
materially less. The fertilizing values
IN one ton each Of some of the stand
ard farm products. based on the SELL
Ing price Of commercial fertilizers
would make the manurial elements in
butter worth so cents; of milk, 5000;
of corn, $6.75; Of oats, $7.2s; Of wheat.
SITS; Of clover hay. 1907: and Of
alfalfa. $3.50.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-07-10
BY W. W. GREEN.

merely drying process, as Is often
thought, but process in which there
must be certain chemical changes In
order to get the desired color and
texture. These changes take place
most freely at temperature ranging
from 80 degrees to 30 degrees F.. and
In humidity Of about IS per cent. In
an extremely dry or cold season the
tobacco does not pass through this
curing process but will be notified
with spots Of green or yellow through
the leaf. In such weather It is well
to leave the barn open at night to let
the damp air in, and close it in the
day to keep out tho dry air.
On the other hand, in a wet. warm
season, there probably will be damage
from pole-sweat or house burn, which
may be corrected to some extent by
opening the barn on dry days and
closing 1t or damp days and nights. II
the tobacco becomes thoroughly limp
under these methods then It is best to
open the barn In any weather. as
damp air circulating is not as bad as
damp air stagnant in the barn.
In most sections a dirt floor Is pre-
ferable. but where the country is fiat
and heavy fogs occur, q plank floor Is
to be recommended, especially where
early harvesting Is practiced. When
Is cured early over a dirt floor
there Is danger Of mould during the
damp weather, after 1t Ii cured, before
cool weather comes.
The common method Of harvesting
and curing tobacco in the sun-cured
districts Is to cut and haul the to-
bAcco to the barn Immediately and
hang 1t there to cure by air. But In
some sections 1t Is customary to scat
fold in the field or at the barn for
few days. This Is the better plan, as
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-07-10

silage Is unrtvaled az a part Of tho
ration for milk cows when grass 10 not
available ard the dairyman who takes
advantage Of this fact will be able to
greatly increase the returns for his
labor. %
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-07-10
NOTES OF THE HOG LOT.

Cut green and feed to the hogs in
enclosures alfalfa makes ono Of the
best feeds in the world.
It does not require any great ability
at figures to show that there Is a great
waste in selling hogs when they are
but half-fed out.
Over forty per cent Of the fat pig
L. water and reduction Of the water
supply below natural requirements
will reduce the gain Just as surely a.
q reduction Of food.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-07-10
KEEP THE POULTRY FREE FROM
LICE.

It doesn't do bit of harm to say
over and over that insect enemies
should be kept in subsection at all
times Put two ounces Of carbolic acid
IN gallon of coal oil and keep It IN
stone jug. This makes good insecti.s
eide and dtsinfectant. Paint perches
and insides Of the wallis with this and
no insect enemies Will trouble your
fowls Paint the perches every week.
top, bottom and sides, and the walls
every two weeks.-M. Purvis
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-07-10
0ut Of every dozen eggs that leave the
farm but ten are fit to be delivered
70 the consumer.

Cows require ventilation just the
ame as human beings, but many
farmers do not think so, Judging from
me odor and heat that meets one upon
lrst entering the stables. Yet they
Jhould not be cold. Means should be
levised for pure air circulation with
tut any direct draughts.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-07-10

Dirt and Nth taken into the stomach
along with feed impair digestion and
reduce the gain. also affecting the ap-
petite and general health Of the pig
The hog does not grow heavy coat
Of hair to protect him during the win
ter. and for this reason he should have
a blanket Of fat to protect him during
the cold weather.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-07-10

Pigs will not drink as much water
a. they require II 1t is very cold and
warming the water has induced them
to drink more, besides, 1t is cheaper
to warm the water with fuel than to
warm 1t with grain foods.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-07-10

It Is not necessary for the COW to
give only small quantity Of milk in
order that the milk may be rich. One
can use breed that is famous for
their yield Of rich milk rather than to
get rich nnilk from q low breed.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-07-10

If you mix your own feed, use one
part corn. two parts oats. and two
parts wheat. Give the fowls lots Of
green food. and do not forget the grit.
oyster shells, charcoal, beef scraps,
and plenty Of fresh water.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-07-10

It is being gradually understood
that tho best cow Is the cheapest, re-
gardless Of the price paid for her and
for such correspondingly good prices
are always obtained.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-07-10

II the pastures fail late in the fall
the breeding ewes should be given
extra feed in order to keep in good
condition so there will be no trouble
in getting them In lamb.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-07-10
A USEFUL ANIMAL.

Mr.. Nelson, western farmer, pos
sesses gentleman hog for which he
has refused several hundred dollars.
This hog is broken to the saddle and
his owner rides him around his farm
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-07-10

Harvesting hay Is science that not
all Of us have learned, Cut no moro
grass In single day than can be taken
care OF at once.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-07-10

1t is said that hos fed exclusively
on corn will starve to death In about
100 days. but no wise farmer Is In
danger Of making the experiment.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-07-10

The earnings Of the best class Of
farm laborers exceeds that Of the best
paid labor Of the cities on the average.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-07-10

Swampy ground drained to rid the
section of mosquitoes
may be carried In the hand or held by
a strap thrown over the shoulder.
Such an outfit, including short pieces
Of hose with nozzle may be purchased
for about $3.50. A two-foot extension
rod Is almost necessity and costs
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1913-07-10

on his daily trip of looking things
over" The animal Is not much on
speed. his record being mile in four
teen minutes. but the novelty Of riding
the hog pleases Mr.. Nelson.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1913-01-17
BRICMEY IS NOW
A CLOTHING
DRUMMER
Harvard Football Hero Is Sell
ing 'Nobby Things in Spring
Suitings' to Students VINO
Wish to Show Their Appre-
citation OF His Athletic Ahisi-
ties

Charley Briekley, champion foathalI
player Of 1912. Is now a shot-patter
and q tailor's agent.
The versatile halfback OF the Har.
ward team-the only man selected by
all the experts from the AlLAmerican
eleven began last week to take
orders for fashionable clothing from
the undergraduates at the Cambridge
institution.
The young salesman was sufficient.
" advertised BY q New York firm.
which announced In the Harvard
Crimson that at q given time and
place Charles E. Brickley, Harvard
representative, would be pleased 10
take the orders Of the students for
winter and spring clothing
II Is understood that Brlckley win
receive remarkable sum that will
make the average agent OF Q business
house gasp with envy. Since, accord
ing to Harvord statistics made public
last week, the $4,000 men enrolled ct
the university pay almost s350.000 o
year for their clothes, the business -
worth small fortune to taiIors.
The business Of acting as feDresen-
tative for various establishments Il an
old custom for noted athletes It both
Yale and Harvard and adds subsinn-
tally to their bank accounts, a. the
students like to show their apprecia-
ton Of the deeds Of vaiof Of their
heroes By helping them along Ii 1
business way.
Brickley has also taken up ahof-
putting He is traii.ng at the Har.
ward gymnasium for the shot.pnt
events to be held at various Indoor
meets.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1913-01-17
BV w. A. PHELON.

When a man gets a knOCkdoWn
punch in the ring" says Paddy Carroll
who was a good old WarhOrse of the
long ago, the style in which he falls
is an index, as rule, to the power and
tie effect Of the blow that jarredshim
Even before he reaches the carpet an
experienced observed can tell whether
the WALTON is a knockout and just what
chance he has Of regaining his feet be
fore The fatal ter.
"A strange thing about knOck1OWns
from different causes, so have learn
ed from talks with army officers, is the
fact that L nan who is hit by bullet
drops in exactly reversed manner, 50
far as the weight of the blow is CON
Crrned. from one who is hit with fist.
When YOU see a SUldi II pitch forward
on his face, struck dOWn by lea2en
missile, the chances are good for his
recovery. If he has been drilled by
one of the small, steel jaCketed bullets
CT modern warfare. he VIII likely arise
and keep on fighting. or. at the worst,
StagEcr to the Red Cross tents for aid.
Even if hit by one of the big old fash
iOned slugs he isn't going TO die If CIV
ell attention before he blceds too
much. In other words, the wounded
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1913-01-17
SAFETY PLAY IS TO BE
RETAINED AT BILLIARDS

NEW YORK-Safety play is to be
retained as permissible in billiards,
and is not to be penalized in the rules
about to be established by the Nation
al Association of Amateur Billiard
Players, according to a decision reach
ed by the rules committee and an
nounced today. 1t was learned that a
number Of prominent amateur players
had registered their opposition to the
proposed rule on the ground that it
would take from billiards what
amounted to its only defensive ele-
ment.
The idea was to do away with the
deliberate wrecking of billiard match
by a player who was unable to get his
stroke and who would not allow his
opponent to make anything out of his
turn at the table. lay lasting for five
hours or more often resulted from such
exhibitions
The meeting of the National assoeia-
tons, to be held here on Jan. 20, will
have other new rules to consider, but
it is expected to take no further action
on the elimination Of safety play.