davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1913-01-25
WOMEN TO SEE zENDA CAUSE
NEAR RIOT AT ORPHEuM

IcnGa. the worlds greatest mon
t2list and mind reader. Will bid good
by the many hundreds OF friends she
has made in Wheeling NJ the cl0=. Of
IN" second performance az the popular
Or! lsum heater tonight l. IS n.
deed doubtful II there ever came 10
this city anything in tlc VIZ 81 the
a;rioals that has had tho drawing
powers this wonderful woman Zeuda
had yesterday As the matinee
women fought their vav into the door
oi the OrpheUm trying 10 gain al
POO 'on Lais wcr" torn from the heads
q. many women. gown ripped an!
several h1hies lost Even John Reed
90" ticket trfer az The main entrance.
declared after tho crowds cleared il
Was many years since he saw such a
gathering Is the on" OF YESTERDAY
Ie"da has mace mary women hauDv
IN Wheeling. a. well as having caused
many lost articles 10 be recovered
IN" entir" bill UoW playing will have
IN" usual Saturday ma'inee TODAY and
WIN The two performances tonieh!
TIE company viii close their enCaEa-
mont. making way fer another alI-star
keith special that comes to this pODu-
lar pay house Monday matinee.
headed by 10" greatest musical girI
act In vaudeville. sunday. News win
toll Won an about the big show con-
INK Mo0G1E u Will be real vaude-
VII" show and embraces a list Of
names familiar 20 ever vaudeville
yong T'rson 100 Wheeling
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1913-01-25
McMechen Briefs.

will make a very attractive appear
ance.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1913-01-25

Tor the stage Klaw & Erlanger are
said To- have bcilded or as ambitious
Lines as Nhcn they gave the STAGE
Zen Eur." The locale of the scenes
ci The Roundup" are IN Sourhwcs-
tern Arizona. shis gives opportunity
Tor V hat is pronounced a marvellous
scenic reproduction Of mountai ns.
canyons. plains. scenes of the desert
and tn Law" beds # New MeNico-a
d'strict scCrched b. tho sun and rain
less. Into his variety OF alternating
charming and awe-insp;ring scenes is
projected story Of The frontier. The
PLAY tells the story Of the bride. who
discovers hat her husband has won
her IL trick. Tho unsuccessful
sultCr voluntarily waUGers into the
desert 20 die He is followed b. thc
youns husband. vino. 81 the command
% IN" br dc. would Rescue the wander
er. The sale of seats viii open We'd
ne-cay LiCrnins At a. IN.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1913-01-25
mAcLYN ARsUcKLE
IN "tHE RouNp-uP

klaw and EGlangor present Maclyn
Arbuctle IN The RoUnd-Cp" conced-
ed 20 be the largest production cf its
Kind on the stage and will be the at
traction At the Court theatre next Fri
day and Saturday. January 81 and
February J. with matinee on Saturday.
u Is story Of the mighty West.
produced by kiaw and Frlauger some
idea OF the magnitude OF this produc.
ton may b. CLEANED from the fact
mat is transportation requires "a
train OF nine cars ia addition 10 n
company Of selected players the rcgu-
lar cast-there is an auxiliary orpan-
ization Of IS cowboy. - buc'.iu. non.
les. tribe Of Indians. Mexican vaque.
roes. Arizon girls. cuwpuncnors. sol.
diers and scouts. all fre-i from the
West
In drama'iz.ng Edmund Days sior.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1913-01-25

viii Donovan will leave this even
Ing for Pittsburgh. where he will
spend a few days with friends and
relatives
Mrs. 4. @. Woodburn IS confined 10
her home on Fourth street with an
illness.
W. r. Cooper has resumed his
duties on the r. & O.. after being on
due 10 an accident for the past sew
eral weeks
Miss Grayce Foose. OF Akron. o.. 10
spending a few days with friends aud
relatives in this city.
J. 7. HaumbcrEer. % woodlawn,
spent yesterday trancacting business
in this city
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1913-01-25
THE THEATER
"STkRLAND" DELICHTING
COURT AUDIENCES.

Much icv pr.yail.th At the Court
theatre Miss Nobody from StIrland'
l. VI n Gs. \ lar=e audience saw the
second performance here last even
inE % repeat the hearty welcome o.
tended on Thursday. Miss olive
Vail IS the featured ono and she -
tnc pcrsoniication o. good humor
and has the happy faculty 90 MAX
ing everybody enjoy what she enjoy =
that IS. her songs and har clever
way 81 presenting them.
And Miss Vail IS rot compelled 20
Ic the whole show. there being sey-
eral talented ores who win imme-
wia'e favor after having executed
their FIRST bit. Jos. Ni-meyer and
Lillian Cohan dance delightfully."- and
a. each performance are recalled tim"
and again. Jessie Maker very cap
ably and humorousiy interprrts the
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1913-01-25
Arranaements compI.,ed.

Arrangements have been completed
for the last social TO be held this even
ing 40 the brotherhood hall by the
Ladies' AID Society and the Brother.
hood Of the First VI. r. Church TX.
tensive preparations have been made
for the social this evening. which
.romises TO surpass any previous
junction OF this nature The Ladies
'ihle class Of the church will also
~k" an active part and all are cor.
san yinvited 20 attend
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1913-01-25

fact that the bond issue was passed.
There are several county roads lead
INK 10 this city which should receive
the attention OF the county court and
the citizens will present arguments
along this line. II the roads IN ques-
ton are repaired they will greatly in
crease business in this city proper.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1913-01-25

part - an Italian girl. Lawrence
'oTcr IS fine as tn frivolous father
'nG proprietor q the famous" hair
rcs'"r'r and Charles j.. hammers is
'.'.'T. urotous 'sIrai-ht" come
Gi,T
Their ~" ah"Gt twenty good must
cal u-m'"rs. "Stfr.n.i- u!I re- re-
peatc" thIs afternoon uud to-u.el,.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1913-01-25

dence OF W. II. MARBLE. on Caldwell
street. The repairs will be completed
within a short time and the residence
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1913-01-25

The most important matter WAS the
post ponemeut ~ Tho Opening OF the
new church. which was 10 have been
held - an Feb. u. The above
change was made due 10 the fact that
The weather during the past few
weeks has been very bad and tho
church IS very damp and 80 was
thought best 20 postpone the opening
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1913-01-25
Want New Roads

Several local prominent citizens
are contemplating taking an active
part IN the building OF tho now county
roads IN Union district. due 20 the
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1913-01-25

Il las bon computed that s5.965. aa7
gallons ~ water was made use ~ last
year 'n ffr washing md sprirkiing %
tho sfrt,fr % London.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1913-01-25
Improvlna Resldence.

force OF carpenters arc a. work
aiKing extensive repairs 20 the resi-
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1913-12-09
FAMOUS EXILE IS
NEAR TO LIBERTY
Grandmother of Russian Revo-
luton, Deceives Officials,
But Is Finally Caught.

st. Petersburg, Dec. 9.-A second
attempt to escape from exile in ST.
IBERIA was almost carried out by Mad
anne Catharine Breshkcvskaya, grand
mother of the Russian revolution"
whose case at the time of the condem-
nation in 1910, aroused worldwide in
terest. She was sentenced to perpet-
ual exile, charged with a revolutionary
conspiracy in connection with Nicolas
Tachaikovsky, Father of the Revo-
luton" Dec. l she went to dinner
under police escort at Loding with a
fellow exile at Kirensk. A man ac-
complice, dressed in her clothes, left
the place later and completely fooled
the police. She dressed as a man, and
made her way toward Yakutsk. Three
days later, when the deception was dis
covered by the police, she and several
companions were overtaken In a con-
veyance speeding toward the river
Lena, and she was taken in custody
and brought back to Kirensk. Several
accomplices were also arrested.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1913-12-09
ROCKEFELLER HIT
AT A CONVENTION
Oil King Condemned for Financ-
ing Vivisection at Institute
Bearing His Name.

Washington. d. c., Dec. John ID.
Rockefeller was attacked today for
financing the work of vivisection at
Rockefeller institute and the work of
the institute was condemned by Z. H.
Clement OF Boston in his address as
president of the International Anti
vivisection and Animal Protective
congress at the opening OF the con-
vention. The United States. England
France, Germany, Italy, Norway, Swe-
den, Denmark and Belgium are repre-
sented at the congress.
Here in the United States" said
Clement in his speech. lis the largest
mass of tainted wealth in the world
and the whole mass is crowned with
Rockefeller institute, where is en-
throned mans superior cunning and
power. wreaking itself on animals as
formerly on humanity
Rev. c. f. Smith told the convention
he had invited President Wilson TO at
tend, but the president was unable to
do so. though he expressed sympathy
with the anti-vivisection movement.
Secretary Bryan, representing the
president. welcomed the delegates and
said he believed their efforts would
benefit the world
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1913-12-09
CINCINNATI NEAR
A WATER famine
Break in Big Main Produces
Distressing Situation
Schools Are Closed.

Cincinnati, Ohio, Dec. "a break
in a big Waterman Saturday has put
the city in a distressing situation. The
only available water is in Eden park
reservoirs, and this, in case of fire,
would not last an hour. Ten automo-
bile chemical engines have been as
sembled to serve in case of an emer-
gency. Brewerie3 are facing a shut
down and many laundries are closed.
Hotels and restaurants are badly han
dicapped and all schools will be closed
until the water main is repaired.
Sixty thousand men are out of work
because of the closing of factories,
due to lack of water.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1913-12-09
HIGHEST COURT is
To PASS ON THAW
Concord Judge So Orders After
Argument on Petition for
Prisoners Bail.

Concord, y. H, Dec. 9.-Judge Aid
rich ruled that the mental condition
'2f~Harry Thaw must be determined
by the,federal courts. The ruling was
made at a hearing on a petition for
bail.
The judge said that the constitu-
tional questions OF ThAw's eXtradition
and his status in New York and in
New Hampshire were of such import
ance that the case would be forward
ed TO the supreme court of the United
States for decision. w. T. Jerome,
special deputy attorney general of
New York, argued against bail, say
ing Thaw would be a peril to the COM
munIty. In argument on a suggested
decision the ooprt could make, the
judge replied: Don't worry about
that"
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1913-12-09
BODY OF CASHIER
FOUND IN A RIVER
Missing Colfax, Iowa, Banker s
Threat to End His Life Is
Carried Out.

Des Noines. Dec 9.-The discovery
last night OF the body of NJ. B. Whee-
lock, the Colfax bank cashier who had
been missing for a week, set at rest
rumors that he had fed to Chicago
or some other eastern city and was
in hiding. Il proved he had made
good his threat TO his wife. written
from a Des Moines hotel last Monday
evening. that he would drown him
self
Whellock's body was found in the
Des Moines river by the police after
several hours dragging. II was five
miles northwest of the city and was
near where the cashiers overcoat and
hat were found Sunday afternoon. He
had tied a sack filed with rocks to
his neck
WhelIock disappeared the first of
last week. His wife received from
him a note in which he declared that
he could stand the strain no longer"
and that when she received his mes
sage he would be In the Des Moines
river.
Following this the Citizens State
bank at Colfax. OF which Wheelock
had been in active charge. closed its
doors by orders OF John L. Bleakley,
state auditor. The institution has
liabilities OF $43O.OOO.
Auditor bleakley has imposed a rs
per cent assessment on the stock
holders and the bank is expected to
reopen next week.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1913-12-09
Judge Blair InstruCts Jury
to Dismiss Charges
Against Accused.
STATES FIGHT is WEAK
Death of a Prominent Indiana
Woman Physician as Much
a Mystery as Ever.

Shelbyville. Ind, Dec. 9.-Judge
Blair today instructed the jury to dis
miss the case against DR.. w. b, Craig,
charged with the murder of DR..
Helene Knabe The motion for dis
missal was made by the defense yes
terday at the conclusion of the evil
dence by the state.
The dismissal did not cause much
surprise. as public opinion was that
the state did not make out a strong
case against Craig The defense in
the motion for dismissal admitted DR..
Knabe probably was murdered. but
held that there was no evidence TO con-
meet Craig with the crime.
Found Dead In Home.
DR.. Helene Knabe. one of the most
prominent woman physicians in the
state, was found dead in her apart
ments Oct. "a. 1911. The police held
il a suicide The coroner later reach
ed a verdict of murder by persons un-
known. Two grand juries failed To
make a report.
Third Jury lndicts.
A third jury after activities in the
case by a number of women of In
dianapolis, brought indictments
against DR.. Craig and A. NJ. Rags
dale. an undertaken and administrator
of the Knabe estate.
The acquittal of Craig will probably
result in Ragsdale not coming to
trial.
Indictment Dismissed.
Indianapolis, Ind, Dec. 9.-The in
dictment against A. NJ. Ragsdale in
connection with the Knabe case was
nolled by Prosecutor Baker. He was
as accessory after the fact.
The prosecutor says there is no case
against him.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1913-12-09
Try GiIson Murder Case.

Galesburg, Ill, Dec. 9.-Everett
Buck. Is years old, of Gibson. was plac-
ed on trial charged with the murder of
Harley Dalton last August. Buck and
Dalton had been rivals, it is said, for
the hand of a young woman whom
Buck married a month before the kill
ing Attorneys for Buck will contend
that Dalton called to see Mrs. Buck
and that a quarrel followed between
the two men. Buck pursued Dalton
two blocks and stabbed him with a
penknife.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1913-12-09
IOWA COLLEGE TANGO BAN
Boys and Girls Hold Meetings and
Vote Dance Ban. =

Ames. Iowa. Dec S.-Delegates OF
all the fraternities. sororities and 9TH
er student organizations in Iowa col
lege have adopted unanimously reso-
lutiOns condemning the tango and re-
lated dances and announcing that none
OF them would have place on the pro-
gram at the state college functions
in future President Raymond A. Pear
son called the meeting of delegates of
the mems organizations.
Milwaukee. Dec. "a resolution
barring the tango and other modern"
dances from Knights OF Columbus club
houses in Wisconsin was adopted at
the annual meeting of the lecturers of
the councils. who have charge Of all
social functions Of the organization
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1913-12-09
CHANCELLOR IN A
PARLIAMENT Def
Declares Proposed Socialist
Amendment an Invasion of
Royal Prerogative.

Berlin. Germany, Dec. 9.-The imper-
ial chancellor today defied parliament
10 pass a socialist amendment to the
constitution making the chancellor re-
sponsible 10 the house for acts of the
emperor and providing for his dismis-
sal on demand of the house. He de-
clared the proposed amendment an in
vasion of the royal prerogative. He
said he would not resign.
No mention of the recent incidents
at Zabern were made by the chancel-
lor, whose speech was received almost
in silence.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1913-12-09

the st. Louis & San Francisco road,
has asked the federal court for per
mission 10 bring restitution suits
against b. F. Yoakum and other Off
GERS of the road, present and former,
on a charge that they made individual
profits OF more than a million and a
half by selling the road short lines
they had built and promoted. The
petition charges that the officials, act
ing as buyers and sellers, violated
their obligations TO the stockholders.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1913-12-09
Though NJ 'Dermottis Held
Guilty of Acts Unbe-
coming Position.
HIS TRAINING BLAMED
Does Not Understand Proper
Standards as to Public Office,
Committee Finding.

Washington. Dec. s.-The result OF
the house investigation OF lobbying
was made public today in two re-
ports The majority, signed by demo
| crsts and republicans, declared Rep
resentative McDermott Of Illinois
guilty Of acts unbecoming his posi-
ton. but we canno- say he was cor
rupted in his votes"
The majority held that McDermott
maintained intimate relations with
J. n. McMichael. former chief page
Of the house. though McDermOtt knew
him to be associated with VI. NJ. Null
hall. lobbyist OF the national Asso-
citation of Manufacturers"
The minority report. Dy Repreae aenta-
tive Mcdonald OF Michigan. agreed
with the majority findings. but went
further. and recommended legislative
reforms.
Many lobbies Maintained.
The majority report found that the
National Association OF Manufactur-
ers. National Council % Industrial
Defense. National Tariff Commission
association, American Federation OF
Labor Washington City Association
Of Liquor Dealers. and the local loan
sharks" maintained lObbies in Wash
ington. The Hobbies OF the associa-
tions OF manufacturers and industrial
defense were held guilty Of improper
ly preventing or seeking 10 prevent
legislation. Nothing ilIegitimate was
found in the activity of the American
Federation OF Labor. OF were the lob
bies OF the liquor dealers or money
lenders found to have improperly ef-
fccted legislation. No evidence was
found of employment OF members Of
the house for improper purposes.
Loan Reports Oiscredited.
The committee held that il did not
believe McDermott received anything
like 81 500 or $1,000 from Mulhall. as
alleged, and that. though he obtained
small loans from Mulhall. these were
personal acts OF Mulhall and not with
a view OF corrupting McDermott. we
cannot say he has been corrupted
In his votes, but there are some things
a private citizen may do which must
be avoided by one OF official station"
The committee concluded that Nc
Dermott's training had not been such
as 10 give him proper standards as 10
public Office.
Would EKpeII meDermott
Representative Mcdonald intro
duced two resolutions. the first that
the house would investigate whether
the report did not show McDermott
guilty OF conduct in an Official capacity
which would render him liable TO ex-
pulsion by the house and the second
requesting the house to determine /
whether officers or agents OF the Ma F.
tional Association OF Manufacturers. /
including Bird, Kirby. Emery. MuIhall /
and others had not been guilty Of con- I
tinued gross misconduct rendering /
them liable TO punishment for con 1
tempt.
The majority report specifically /
named these representatives as not I
having been reached or Influenced by 4
the manufacturers: Bartholdt. Mis-
souri,; Burke. Pennsylvania: Calder, 1
New York; Sherley. Kentucky: Webb,
North Carolina: Cole. Ohio.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1913-12-09
MEX REBELS DISABLE
A FEDERAL GUNBOAT

Mexico City, Dec. 9.-Rebels near
Tuxpan boarded the federal gunboat
Tuxpan yesterday, while the vigil
ance guards relaxed, disabled the ma
chinery and escaped with lot OF dy-
Mantle.
Vera Cruz, Dec. 9.-The cruiser
Chester and gunboat Wheeling left
Vera Cruz today on rush orders for
Tampico 1t is believed rebels plan
to attack that town.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1913-12-09
MAIL CARRIERS
QUITTING PLACES
Wholesale designations in Iowa
Due to Increase in the Par
eel Post Business.

Council Bluffs, Iowa, Dec. 9.-An un-
usual number of designations from the
rural mail carrier service in South
western Iowa are reported on account
of an increase in parcel post business.
Wholesale designations are expected
if the 50pound maximum for packages
goes into effect
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1913-12-09
RECORD LOW PRICE FOR
NEW HAVEN ROADS STOCK

New York, Dec. 9.-The lowest price
ever reached on the stock exchange
for shares of the New Haven railroad
was recorded today, caused by uneasi-
ness over the expected reduction in
dividend 1t dropped to a. ga points
lower than yesterdays close.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1913-12-09

New YoTk-DuriBg the fifteen min
utes that Solomon Goldman was away
from his iewelry store yesterday, and
while crowds were passing on the side
walk, thieves plastered the front win
dows and glass door OF the store with
whitewash so that no one could look
inside, opened the door with a key
and stole jewelry worth $1,000.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1913-12-09
Hearinq Mlchioan Contest.

Washington, Dec. S.-Attorney Gen
eral Fellows OF Michigan defended the
election Of Representative Smith. re-
publican. over Carney in the contest
before the house elections committee
today He said Smiths election was
regular. The case will be decided af-
ter Carney's counsel makes a further
statement
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1913-12-09
WIDE APPEAL FOR
MRS. Wakefield
Connecticut Governor Swamped
With Petitions in Behalf of
Condemned Woman.

Hartford Conn. Dec 9--GOvernor
Baldwin,s Office has been swamped
With petitions asking Clemency for
Nys. Bessie Wakefield. sentenced 10
hang for the murder OF her husband.
The petitions all so in the waste hask-
et The case has not been brought Of
hc'alIy before the governor. as al
-orneys for the woman VIII first ask.
the supreme court for new trial
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1913-12-09
TEXAS FLOOD DEATH
LIST GROWS TO 1863

Houston. Texas. Dec. 9.-The death
list in the Texas floods stands now
1853 Rescuers in motorboats are
busy succoring thousands marooned
in the Brazos river bottoms suffering
from cold and hunger
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1913-12-09
Dock Strike Ended.

Dublin, Dec. 9.-All transport and
the port. which has been practically
closed since August, will open tomor-
row.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1913-12-09
BORIS SETTLES HIS CASE
OUTSIDE OF THE COURTS

London. Eigland. Dec. "a libel
suit brought by Grand Duke Boris of
Russia against the Frank Munsey COM
pany has been settled out of court.
The terms were not announced. The
suit was on account OF an article in
the magazine describing Boris career
at Manchrria in the Russia-Japan war.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1913-12-09
WHITEWASH REPORT
is M'KELLAR CHARGE

Washington. Dec s-Representative
McKellar of Tennessee, author of a
bill charging cold storage kings" are
responsible for high prices. assailed
the agricultural department. which,
he said. had made report apparent
" in an effort to whitewash the cold
storage men, and belittie his efforts
in behalf OF the people for lower
prices
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1913-12-09
AUTO THIEVES KILL
DETROIT POLICEMAN

Detroit, Mich, Dec. 9.-Patrolman
T. +. Madden was shot and killed to-
day by speeding automobilists in a
stolen machine when the patrolmen
tried to question them. He is the
fifth Detroit policeman slain on duty
this year
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1913-12-09
Swedish in GaIesburg Schools.

Galesburg, Ill, Dec. 9.-Swedish has
been added TO the school course here
Moline is the only other Illinois city
where this language is taught in the
schools
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1913-12-09
Favors Convicts on Roads.

Philadelphia. Pa, Dec. "a ".
Johnson OF Illinois and T A. McDon-
aid OF Iowa are among the speakers
today az a joint convention Of the
American Road Builders association
and the American Roads congress
Employment Of prison labor On roads
and streets was the chief topic of dis
cussion.