The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1913-09-17
POLAR CONTRASTS
The Arctic Is a Deep Cup, the
Antarctic a Huge Bulb.
FORMS OF LIFE DIFFER ALSO.


Plants and Animals Are Relatively
Abundant, While the South Has No
Human Beings and Little Vegetation.
The earth whirls around an invisible
axle, one end Of which turns the deep
cup Of the Arctic ocean, while the 9TH
er spins the huge white button Of the
antarctic continent.
In the north the ice floats on the sea
like q moving floor. In the south 1t
rests like bossy shield on vast
dome Of uplifted rock.
Close around the edges Of the ice
world, both north and south and even
within ii, animals and plants are found
living. But In their species these in:
habitants Of the opposite poles are as
different as the poles themselves.
| On and around the antarctic CONT
nent there are several species Of birds,
notably albatrosses, petrels and the
strange, upright walking penguins.
with their black coats, white waist
coats and ludicrously polite bearing.
There are also whales and seals. but
| the human form Is absent, except SO
far as it Is mimicked to the eye OF
fancy by the stately pengutns. The
plants are scanty in number, although
some bear flowers.
Within the arctic circle the scene Is
more animated. There are many arc
tic plants, some bearing brilliant flow,
ers. Yellow buttercups and arctic pop
pies warm the heart Of the explorer.
The saxifrage puts out its starry
blossoms within 71h degrees Of the pole.
There are so many other species that
very attractive bouquet of arctic
| flowers may be formed. The amman
| life Of the arctic is also relatively abun-
dant. In the sea Is the world circltng
whale, the walrus with his curious
| tusks and the various species Of seals.
| On the land and snow and sometimes
on the icepacks are large and remarka-
BILE animals often In abundance. The
great polar bear alone would suffice to
make the lands that he tenants famous
| Then there are reindeer, musk oxen,
foxes, wolves. hares and Jennings.
Among birds, are grouse, ptarm1gans,
snow buntings, falcons, pufins and
| auks. But man Is there. too. In the
person of the hut dwelling, fur clothed,
fish spearing Eskimo.
The reason why the life around the
| two poles IS so different and 50 con-
trasted in its forms Is probably to be
found in the climatic differences,
which, In turn, are governed by the
elevation The sea life is similar In
both cases-whales and seals are the
characteristic animals that inhab!t the
polar waters. But the great elevation
Of the antarctic continent, with Its
eternal burden Of snow and ice, thou.
sands, of feet In thickness, continually
sending down immeasurable glaciers
that form vast platforms Of thick ice
all around the borders Of the cont-
nent, keeps the mean temperature at
low level and drives life away from
the snow buried land. The atmosphere
over the south pole manufactures snow
and Ice without limit. AS the burden
piles higher at the center 1t pushes out.
ward on all sides down the slopes OF
the continent until 1t reaches the Dor,
dering sea.
But things have not always been
thus. The recent explorers OF the ant
arctic have found remains Of ancient
life. recalling the life Of the temperate
zones and the tropics The coal de-
posits Of the antarctic continent are
believed to be of vast extent. They
could not have been formed under pres
ent conditions They consist Of the
fossilized remains Of immense forests.
They could not have been transported
to their present location either by Land
or water. They must have been form.
ed where they are. Consequently the
I antarctic regions must once have en-
joyed mild climate and atmospheric
conditions very favorable to an abun'
dant vegetation.
But if there was an abundance OK
vegetation there is every reason to be-
4
animal life also. At that time the south
pole, instead Of being elevated many
thousands of feet above the sea. may
| have lain at a low level That, In It
self, would raise the mean tempera-
ture, but it would not be sufficient to
produce all the difference between
present and past conditions Of antarc-
| tic life.
Either the sun was hotter in that
distant time, or the composition OF the
atmosphere was such as to retain
more heat, or the inclination OF the
| earths axis was different from what
It is today, or, as some have imagined,
the solar system was then passing
| through warmer region OF space.
| Whatever the cause may have been,
| there is no doubt that there was a
time when the lands around both the
! poles were habitable by animals and
plants, most Of which have since been
driven toward the equator.
| As the antarctic continent rose, and
assumed its burden Of ice. the relics OF
its former splendid life were buried
almost beyond recovery. while In the
far north, where there has been no
corresponding elevation. but possibly
| depression, more Of the ancient life
forms have remained. while the traces
| Of what they once were are more cas-
/ ily recovered.-Garrett P. Serv1ss In
Spokane pokesman-ReTiew.
Labor Is the genius that changes the
world from nplineSS to beauty and the