The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1913-06-20

13
 1 course, saying, ''It is well known to I me that one horse can run faster than 1 another. do not need an ocular dem onstration." That indifference is not shared by MT. Wu's countrymen, how ever, for the Chinese are the most in- veterate of gamblers.
 The first meeting of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers was held in 1880, and the society was char tered the following year. The Spring | meeting of this organization will be held in Leips1c, as a part of a Ger | man tour beginning to-day. The first engineering organization of general scope in America was the American Society of Civil Engineers, founded in 1852 The worlds first engineering society was the Society of Civil Engin- l eers, formed in England by Smeaton and others in 1793. The English In stitutfon of Civil Engineers was es- tablished in 1918. The first organiza- 1 ton of mechanical engineers was ef- fected in England in 1847. The Amer 1can Institute of Electrical Engineers founded in 1884, was the first tmpor- tant organization of its kind. En- g1neerlng as science had it's begin ming about the middle of the eigh- teenGh century, and was first antIv de-
 
 in the charter of the British Institution of Civil Engineers, Engineering is the art of controlling the great powers of nature for the use and convenience of man.
 West Virginia will celebrate its ff- tleth birthday today. It was just half century ago, on June 20, 1863 that the secession from secession of the people or the western part Of the Old Dominion eliminated in the inaugura- tfon of @ new State government at Wheeling, and the addition of a new Star to the flag of the Union Wheel ing, the first capital, will be the scene of the birthday celebration today. The stogie city, will be the host to many grape juice will flow freely at the great state banquet, while the popu- lace will be entertained by parades, pageants and concerts.
 The "secession from secession" movement, the alliance of the West Varginia mountaineers with the Union cause, and the admission of West Vir- g1nia to statehood, had profound eff feet on the fortunes of the Confeder- acy, preventing the success of the plan for a northward invasion to Lake Erie, thus dismeubering the North by separating the East from the West.
 Eastern and Western Virginia were at war with each other, in spirit, long before the outbreak of the civil strife between North and South Eastern Virginia was settled largely by Eng Iishmen of the higher class, conserva- tfves in politics, and adherents of the Church of England Western Virginia attra cted sturdy pioneers of many ma tionalities, democratic and radical in political tendencies, and non-conform- ist in religion. The civil war only served to bring these differences to a crisis.
 Fifty-two years ago today a provis- ionaI State government was formed in West Virginia, and application was made for admission to the Union. Elk actly two years later the new State government went into power at Wheel ing. It was a day of great jubilatfon in the little city on the Ohio Flags Haunted everywhere, and vast crowds gathered to cheer the outgoing pro- visional Governor, Pierpont, and the new Governor, Arthur l. Foreman, Scotch h-Irishman, who was formally naugurated. Thus was the Mountain thirty-ffth in the Union, with the motto, '.Montani Semper Liberi''- ''AIountaineers are always free
 Fifty years after that suspicious event, civil war still shoulders in parts of West Virginia. Paint Creek, Beaver Creek,sNew River-these names are associated with recent battles al- most as sanguinary as some of the conflicts of fifty years ago. For sew eral years, with only an occasional truce, capital and labor have been at war in the Kanawha county coal fields. Martial law, the "bull-pen," dynamite and dun-dum bullets, armored trains, military courts, the suppression of newspapers, the spectacle of civilians being driven through muddy streets of dingy towns by khaki-clad soldiers, Gatling guns frowning from extem- porized forts, churches transformed into prisons, armed miners lurking in ambush to pot 8 s'scab,' armed guards attacking the defenseless, wo- men and children subsisting on the crusts of poverty-these are features of the problem that West Virginia Will seek to forget today.
 '.Montani semper Liberi.' say the miners, contending for "the right to organize
 seMontani semper Liberi,' respond the rnine-owners, asserting their right to conduct their business in their own way
 The first vessel fitted with steam en- zines to cross the Atlantic was the savannah, which reached Liverpool 94 years ago today. The Savannah, shin of $50 tons, had sailed from the Georgia city for which it was named on May "A, the passage requiring nearly twenty-seven days. Most or