The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1913-12-02
LILIOUKALANI, EX- QUEEN OF HAWAII,
 BORN 75 YEARS AGO

Although the native Hawaiians are now loyal subjects of Uncle Sam, they take pride in the traditions of royal ty, and the seventy-hfth anniversary of the birth of ex-Queen Lilioukalani last of the ruling monarchs of Owhyee will not be permitted to pass unno- ttced to-day by her former subjects. The deposed Queen was born in Hon oiulu just three-quarbers of century ago to-day and came to the throne in 1891. It was her attempt to over throw the constitution and restore the | absolute monarchy of former days that resulted in her downfall.
 When Capt Cook, who was later slain by the natives of the island. visited Hawaii in 1778, each island of the Sandwich group had a chief of it's own. A little later Kamehameha, chief of Owhyee or Hawaii island, es- tablished himself as king of the en- tire archipelago, and founded a royal family. He encouraged a warlike spirit among his subjects, introduced firearms, whiskey and other modern inventions, and made himself supreme. During his reign the pagan faith was adhered to and canniba1ism was prac- ticed as a religious rite. The heart and liver of human victims were de- voured during the ceremonies in the temple, and the same parts of any great chief killed in battle were eat en in the belief that the partakers' would inherit the bravery of the dead man. When King Kamehameha died some of the courtfers advocated that his body be eaten. but this suggestion was overru1ed. The first king died in l181e, and the first act of his son and successor, Kamehameha IT., was to abolish cannibaNsm, taboo and idola 1 try in all of the islands. Christian missionaries were welcomed, and the rebels who rose in defense of the an- cient faith were defeated in battle. Five years after his accession the King, with his spouse, visited Eng land, and both died there of the mea- sles. Under the second, third, and fourth and fifth monarchs of the Kamehameha line the Hawaiians made great progress in the arts of civ ilization. Monogamy became the rule rather than the exception, although
  1ygamy, and many women had several husbands. When the missionaries first visited the islands, female virtue was thing undreamed of. and there was no native word for it.
 Both France and England made at | tempts to annex Hawaii, but in 1s44 these two countries joined with the United States in guaranteeing the in dependence of the country. A consti- tuition was granted in 1S4O. King Kamehameha IIL, advocated annexa- ton to the United States. but the movement ended with his death. The fourth of the royal line married Miss Emma Rocker. After the death of her husband in 1868, Queen Emma visit
 ed England and was received by | Queen Victoria. Kamehameha ",
 never married, and with his death in
 1872 the old royal line came to an end. William c. Luna1ilo was chos- len as his successor, but he died year after his coronation. Queen Emma sought to take up the reins of tgovernment, but she was doomed to disappointment, and David Kalakaua
 was elected to the throne He visit
 ed the United States in 1876, and con
 cluded a reciprocity treaty. In 1881
 he made a tour of the world, and was received with such pomp and circum-
 stance that his royal head was quite turned. On his return he built pal ace costing $1,O0O,000 and ran his country into debt. Ka1ahaua died in
 San Francisco in 1891 and was sue 1
 sat upon the throne for two troubled
 years and was then deposed, and a re- public established. After her de-
 thronement she came to America, and
 spent many years begging Congress
 to award hsr an indemnity for her l vanished gf~y.
 l While senaEafa ahnr IIniQna had