davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington herald., 1913-02-09
By MARY HAMILTON TALBOTT.


~HE housewife who is struggling to
make 81 do the work of So in
administering the family income
cannot lose sight of the fact
that health and efficiency must be con-
sidered as well as economy. In the COM
plications which are sure to arise the
woman who seeks help will find II free
of cost If skn applies to Uncle Sam, for
he has been as active in making re-
searches for the homemaker as he has
been in helping the men of the family
solve their problems.
Both city and country women have
been thought of in his publications known
as Farmers Bulletins" These are
filled with concise and practical informa-
ton for women. no matter where they
dwell Lists of available bulletins are
published every month and will be sent
free of charge to any woman in the
United States who simply applies for
them to the Secretary of Agriculture
Washington, D. c.. or to her Member OF
Congress. On receipt OF list II is only
necessary to look over the names and
descriptions of the bulletins. and to write
for those wanted. They will be sent free
need to know much concerning the value
of different foods. for ordinarily food
should be supplied in the variety and
proportion which will enable the body to
use each kind of nourishment for its
own purpose. Bulletin 142, Principles
of Nutrition and Nutritive Value of
Foods" sets forth in a brief and helpful
way facts which II would take several
years OF hard work for the housewife 10
The Washington herald., 1913-02-09

afternoon tea is served TO students and
Faculty. And there is even a pasteurizing
plant for milk,
Any real description of the Washington
Irving High Scnool must deal not only
with the building itself, but with the aim
provides a real fiat for its students
TO keep house." real theatre,
and real bank is plainly a school
education and life more important than
any curriculum. But tn:s system of train
ing in whicn the students really do the
things as well as learn how TO do them
is not the only significant feature of the
Washington Irving High School. About
the school and the education there re-
ceived there are two important-and
unique-things. One is its real training
| for life; the other is the spirit of CO.
operation that prevails. The Washington
! Irving is school for. of. and by the
girls.
The girls conduct the assemblies The
girls " get up the school entertainments.
The girls give the plays that they have
that they have made. The girls run the
elevators and help in the offices. The
girls cook the luncheons and serve them.
The girls prepare the &" school pro-
gramme " and print the school circulars
In some cases the girls teach the classes.
The school belongs to the girls and they
know II. The idea of which We have
heard so much and scene so little. that
the teachers are simply those who have
gone along the road before and are
ready to help, is really IN operation here.
And II is impossible to spend an hour
in the Washington Irving High School
without feeling that the old idea OF 81 au-
nority." OF system" has been done
away with. and mat principal and teach
ers and students are Just friends. The
Washington Irving High School is prac-
tically self-govern!ng. No teacher ever
issues a command or makes an authorita-
tive request. The students are invited TO
every Faculty meeting and eNecu-
tive sessions " are unknown. And yet
one OF the teachers who had been in the
school since its establishment said the
other day tnat she had never known OF
any impertinence on the part of any girl
in the school. or. back of all their COM
Portable familiarity. any lack OF respect.
No teacher ever sits on the platform at
Monday Morning Club of Students has
this in charge, and II is always girl
who conducts the services. Sometimes
there are short addresses by one or two
OF the girls, sometimes impromptu dis
cussions Whatever there is, the girls
arrange II and bring it to pass. In the
entertainments, as well. there is never
teacher in sight, never a teacher direct
ing behind the scenes. From beginning
to end the receptions, plays. paSeants.
masques, and parties belong to the
girls Theirs is the thinking, the organi-
cation. the work and the fun.
The Washington Irving High School en-
tertainments are famous. Every year
there is Appreciation Day" when the
teachers and Principals of the elementary
schools from which girls have gone to
Washington Irving are given q reception
rece ption for the wife OF a city or State
official Mrs. Mcclellan, Mrs. Gaynor,
and Mrs Dix are among the women who
have been the girls guests Of honor.
The Washington herald., 1913-02-09

what are the most economical: and IL is
not the least OF lessons for a young
housewife to discover that chespness and
economy are not always the same thing.
Then there is the arrangement OF the
furniture and the care for the flats clean
illness and good appearance. There are
the meals TO get and the beds TO make.
and the dining room to attend TO and the
plumbing to look out for all the time
for Washington Irving girls know how
TO clean a troublesome pipe or TO investi-
gate a stoppage in the kitchen drain,D and
finally the babies 10 wash and dress and
take care OF, For there are real babies
in the Washington Irving model apart
ment the little brothers and sisters Of
the students. lent from time to time 10
help in the days work and the days eN-
pericnce. The" are children from one
10 five years of age. and the big sisters,
who use them as models" dress them,
lathe them. feed them. and take care
CT them as a regular part Of their school
work. Special attention is paid to the
care of babies and the treatment Of their
illnesses in Summer.
The Washington Irving branch of the
New York Geological Garden is situated
on the fifth floor OF the school building
and is TECHNICALLY known as the School
Vivarium. II is the only one OF its
kind In a public school building Al
though il is a part OF the Girls High
School, children from the elementary
schools will be invited to use il, and
fourteen Principals have already applied
for its use as nature study CEN
tire for the little children OF the lower
schools. The vivsrium is a big room. with
cages for animals along the sides. There
are foxes. squirrels, reptiles. many differ
ent kinds OF beasts; there are birds and
fishes: there is all that is needed for the
practical demonstration work Of the biol
ogy department In the high school.
The animals belong to the Geological
Society here. and every Fall they will
be sent down from one of the city ZOOS "
to spend the months of the school year.
The vivarium will be open for the high
school girls all day. and for the children
Of the elementary schools every school
afternoon from to 3. On the same floor
is the biological lecture room, where the
high scnool and elementary school pupils
will hear lectures in nature study and
biology and where the homes and the
relatives and the outdoor habits OF the
animals in the vivarium as well as many
beasts besides, will be shown on lantern
slides. Two botany laboratories are also
on the fifth floor, and a large music room
On the sixth and seventh floors OF the
building are classrooms and laboratories.
The physics department takes up most
The Washington herald., 1913-02-09

things. In this way they not only learn
| to be good saleswomen, but do so by SELL
ing articles they themselves have made
Books they have bound and, maybe,
printed as well; dresses they have de-
signed, cut out, and made without assist
ance; cakes and pies and candy they have
concocted in the cooking department, all
these are placed on sale. And II is hoped
in the biology department that very soon
plants and flowers will be sold that have
been raised by the girls in the Washing
ton Irving greenhouse. On another cor
ner of the first floor Is one OF the big
typewriting rooms. And although the
foyer, with its fireplace and its oak wood
work. looks a little plain now. II won't be
long before the MaXfield Parrish decora-
tions are put in place and the big care
fully planned hallway is really completed.
Upstairs-and. by the way. the elevators
are operated by girl pupils-are the COM
mercial rooms. OF somewhat over two
hundred girls who were graduated last
year from the Washington Irving COM
mercial course, all but ten had found
good positions within a few months. The
business course is so great a favorite that
II needs the whole second floor. But its
rooms are not merely classrooms. The
commercial course, like every other course
, In the school, is practical first of all And
here on the second floor is the school
bank. 1t is not a classroom where stu
dents are told how TO conduct banking
business; II is a real bank. Here the
students may deposit their savings. Here
the girls in the commercial courses
clerk " and draw checks and figure out
accounts. Here the finances OF the STU
dent body give practical basis to the
schools classwork. The Washington Irv-
| ing Savings Bank is a savings bank as
much as any other in the city.
The dressmaking department occupies
the third floor OF the new building. 1t Is
rule Of the school that every graduate
Of the dressmakng department must
make her own commencement dress.
What Is more. she must make it OF in
expensive materials. The girls are strict
ly forbidden to spend more than five dol
lars on their commencement dresses and
they are urged to keep the amount as
near one dollar as they possibly can.
Here in the .dressmaking rooms they learn
to make their own clothes. The third
floor of the building is fitted I'D with
''dressmaking parlors'' exactly like those
OF the big establishments TO which. on
their graduation. so many of the students
90 to work. There are raised platforms
for fittings, work tables, sewing ma
chimes, mirrors, fitting rooms And there
are also special rooms for the classes in
costume design.
The Washington herald., 1913-02-09

OF the sixth floor Its laboratory IL prob
ably the best equipped in the city. and
II. too. has its stereoptIcon lecture room
for illustrated addresses. The physiog-
raphy laboratory is also on the sixth
floor. and is so arranged that the stu
dents may turn from their raised seats in
front OF the lecture desk TO their indi-
vidual worktables with no confusion of
movement or loss OF time.
On the seventh floor is the big chemis-
try laboratory. as carefully and complete
ly fitted up as the physics and physiog-
raphy Laboratories downstairs. and so big
as to stretch over one whole side Of the
big building. out OF the general labora-
tory opens the teachers private labora-
tory. where special experiments are per-
formed and demonstrations arranged for
the pupils. Behind the laboratory is a
photograph room, fitted UP so that stere-
opticon pictures can be made there. And
separated from the other rooms on the
floor is another large music room.
The art department OF the Washington
Irving High School is the only one OF its
kind in any public school in America
II is housed on the eighth floor of the
new building. and the fact that It takes
up the entire floor offers a hint as 10 the
reason for its being placed in n class by
itself. The Washington Irving High
School offers n regular three-year course
in technical art. as complete as an art
school, demanding twenty-one periods a
week, and offering what is an unusual
advantage in special art classes-the pres
ence OF the teachers all day long OF the
girls who were graduated last year from
the Washington Irving Art Department,
all but two went Immediately to work
with good salaries; and the reason for
those two exceptions was that they had
received scholarships TO continue their
these scholarships are awarded each year:
and in addition there are annual prizes
given to the pupils by Mrs. John Alex
ander, wife of the artist The courses in
clude work in decorative drawing. design.
scientific color. commercial design, cos
tune Illustration. advertisement work.
and lettering.
The school greenhouse is on the roof.
It Is just as real as the bank and tho
flat 1t is fully equipped and It is big
enough for the whole botany class to raise
big plants. 1t is an adjunct of the biology
department and II is a model green
house. On the roof also is the tennis
court. inclosed In wire netting. and the
big open air gymnasium, where there are
not only gymnasium classes and basket
ball games, but classes in fancy dancing
as well. The school has its infirmary.
too. In the various department offices
The Washington herald., 1913-02-09
REMARKABLE GIRLS SCHOOL IN THE WORLD
MOST

~ NE Of the most interesting build
ing5 in America has just opened It's
~ doors and the largest high school
in the world is moving into the
The record., 1913-10-02
FEW CAUSES FOR INFECTIONS
Estimated That IS Per Cent. Of All
Losses From Hog Diseases Arises
From Dreaded Cholera.

One cause of infection In hogs is i'm
proper feeding. which includes unbal-
anced rations. overfeeding, underfeed-
ing. irritating food (such as garbage.
soured slops. etcl, insanitary feed
troughs and impure drinking water.
Also may be mentioned insufficient
housing. especially during the heat
OF summer and the cold of winter.
dampness, insanitary condition Of the
pens or houses, overcrowding of
sleeping quarters. etc.
II has been estimated that IS per
cent. OF adj losses from hog diseases
arise from cholera. The need of all
precautions against infection and
spread Is therefore apparent. II Is
within the power of all hog raisers
to guard against the contributory
cause enumerated above: and the
simple statement OF the causes also
points the way for prevention.
The record., 1913-10-02
cULLINc oUT TsF OLD IVES
Good Shepherds % Not Hesitate to
Get Rid of Grandmothers Before
They Go Down HIIi.

Usually by the time that a eve has
reached the age OF seven years she
has spent most of her usefulness as .
breeder and mother. Good shepherds
do not hesitate to Gull out these old
grandmothers before they go down
hill. They usually pick up in flesh
shortly after weaving time. and can
be best marketed just as they come
from pasture-without fattening.
Old ewes break In the mouth" SO
to speak. and cannot eat Naturally
they keep going down in flesh. waste
much Of their food. and frequently
their mouths get SO sore they will not
take sufficient food to fatten them.
The wool becomes shorter and short
er with advancing age. says the Farm
Press, and lacks several pounds Of
the weights they shore in their prime.
Lambs from old ewes are never as
satisfactory. The milk supply falls
short. and the lamb ia dwarfed and
etunted so that It never makes q
thrifty feeder.
Their presence in the flock detracts
from its appearance and value. One
or two old ewes In a flock OF prime
breeders will often hurt the sale value
as much as dollar a head. For
these reasons, then. Gull closely and
keep only the best prime breeding
ewes. With the price OF mutton and
wool 30 low as 1t is, he cannst AFFORD
to keep other than those from which
the best returns can be expected.
The record., 1913-10-02
TRAINING TREES INTO SHAPE
More Advantageous Than Allowing Il
to Grow Wild and Then Chop and
Saw Into Form Desired.

1t is much better to train a tree
the shape 1t is wanted than to allow
1t to grow wild, then chop and saw
it into the desired shape.
By proper pinching of buds and
bending Of limbs during the dormant
season. II the sprouts starting from
the body of the tree or along the
main branches are pinched when
they are three or four inches long
they will ordinarily form fruit spurs.
says Mirror and Farmer Aim to get
more fruit buds near the body OF the
tree and along the larger limbs in.
stead of the branches. AS color is an
important factor. care should be ex.
ercised to keep the top open SO the
rays of the sun can reach to every
part at some portion OF the day. To
accomplish this it may be well to do
some pruning when the tree is in full
leaf; cutting ten or even is per
cent OF the top away when the tree
is in full leaf will cause no serious
injury.
IL the trees are carefully looked
over about three times during the
growing season, and the ends OF
those shoots that are growing too
long are pinched of. the tree may be
kept to the desired shape But where
a shoot has been overlooked 1t Is bet
ter to cut II out when found than
walt until winter. Negligence during
the growing season is about the only
logical reason for severe winter
pruning
Severe pruning while the tree is In
dormant state stimulates more rap
Id and abundant wood growth, about
four fifths of which will grow where
it Is not wanted, necessitating yet
more cutting the following season.
Pinching and summer pruning stim.
ulates the production OF fruit buds,
and tends toward better maturity of
both buds and fruit. Plan to grow
an abundance of fruit spurs well
distributed over the whole tree.
The record., 1913-10-02

Q good road Is q 10y forever. II It
is worth making ss an object lesson.
It 10 worth maintaining for everyday
use"
Somewhere between the two ex-
tremities of opinion turning the work
over to experts and making the farm
er do II all by himselD lies the ulti-
mate and the satisfactory solution OF
the vexatious problem. says the Iowa
Homestead. There 10 no denying
that road making has become as
much Of a science and a profession as
farming itself. or teaching school. or
running q bank or plotting a locomo-
tive. Why. then. should the farmer
be expected TO be the sole and only
road maker and repairer. any more
than the school teacher or the rural
mail carrier? Yet, on the other hand
the farmer has the f1rst-hand. direct
information CT what roads need most
TO be made or repaired. He travels
them most frequently; he should as
sist in bringing them to that state OF
permanency which will minimize his
own troubles en- route between farm
and town.
In the last analysis. successful road
making depends upon harmonious Co
operation between individuals and
county, state and national authorities.
We may not have reached the stage
when state aid to the extent Of many
millions OF dollars 10 advisable. but
we certainly have reached the stage
when the burden should be taken from
the unsupported shoulders OF the
farmer, where It has rested all too
long. The farmer 10 perfectly willing
to do his share: he simply objects to
q hoggish policy which makes his
share all the work and none Of the
credit or reward.
The record., 1913-10-02
TREAT POTATOES FOR SCAB
Corrosive subilmats Solution and Bor.
deaux Mixture Applied to Seed
Gave Excellent Results.

At Q German experiment station.
experiments with potato scab have
been carried on for two years.
Corrosive sublimate solution Of
0.05 per cent, and bordeaux mixture
of two per cent. both applied to the
seed potatoes for III hours. gave ex-
cellent and about equal results in the
prevention of scab, as was also the
case with Bordeaux mixture Of two
per cent. applied to two lots for
three and fourteen hours. respective
ly, and with two lots treated with four
kg per acre 1856 pounds per acre) Of
sulphur mixed with the soil, one lot
having been also thoroughly rubbed
with sulphur before planting. A peat
mold dressing of 80 cm. depth ap-
peared to give some protection
against the development Of scab.
while sand dressing of the same
depth afforded none. On both the
plats treated with soil dressing the
next years crops were found to be
healthy.
The record., 1913-10-02
TO KILL TENT CATERPILLARS
Single Spray Of Arsenate Of Lead
When Insects Are Observed
Would Stop Depredatlons.

II a grower is spraying his fruit
trees faithfully with arsenate of lead
from tent caterpillars. or the tents
may be crushed with the gloved hand,
when they can be reached, at a time
when the caterpiUars are inside: or
burned by torch on the end Of a pole,
twisted out Of their place by means Of
q wire brush, attached to the end of q
long pole. These remedies are effect.
ual only when the caterpillars are in
their tents. early in the morning. Or
IN stormy wet weather. A single
spraying Of arsenate Of lead, when
caterpillars are observed. would prob
ably stop their depredations.
The forest tent caterpillars can be
destroyed when they collect in bunch.
es on the trunks of trees. Prune on
and destroy the twigs holding the
eggs.
The record., 1913-10-02
STOCK CHUTE QUITE USEFUL
Mower Useful Device May &c
Hauled to All Parts Of Farm.

Perhaps every farmer has occa-
sion to load some animal into .
wagon and many Of them prepare for
this by building n stock chute. FIRE.
Quently these chutes are built as
permanent fixtures in connection with
the feed lots. but they are often made
so that they can be transported from
one part OF the farm TO another.
When a chute OF this kind is built
heavy and strong enough TO support
the weight of mature hog or large
calf 1t becomes q clumsy thing to
move. Mr.. r. ]. Linscott. Holton.
Kas.. has solved this problem OF In
convenience in a very easy way.
The wheels and axle used in max
ing his stock chute are parts Of old
machinery found on the farm. the
The record., 1913-10-02
Horticultural! eZ|!!t
0NecAW5;S vs. s s
TO GET BEAUTIFUL FLOWERS
Soil Should Be Thoroughly Puiverixed
by Raklng Over Until Fine and
Mellow as Is Possible.

To insure beautiful flowers. the
soil should be spaded up to the depth
OF eight or ten inches, early. Moth
Ing more need be done to II. Let II
lie as 1t comes from the spade until.
under the action OF air, showers. and
sunshine. the clods OF earth are ready
to crumble under the application OF
the hoe or rake. When you are ready
to plant. the ground should be thor
oughly pulverized by raking it over
and over until II Is fine and mellow as
possible to make II. This is done to
the best advantage with a sharp
toothed iron rake. The hoe can be
used on whatever clods do not readily
yield to the rake.
Whatever manure is used should be
applied now and worked into the soil
Barnyard manure is best OF all, so far
The record., 1913-10-02
BREEDING Draft Horaes.

The breeding OF heavy draft horses
is one Of the most profitable branches
OF live stock farming. Few farmers
realize the Importance of size in .
draft horse. when put on the market.
either in public or private sale. A
horse that weighs less than 1900
pounds is not considered a draft
horse In any Of the horse markets OF
the country. yet the mares kept on
the ordinary farms are usually light
er than that. This accounts for the
small. scrubby lot of horses that are
constantly being put on the market
at a loss to the breeder.
The record., 1913-10-02

as fertilizing elements are concerned,
but II is open to the objection of con-
tanning so many weeds seeds that the
work Of wedding will be greatly in
creased by its use. An excellent sub
stitute is fine bone meal, in the pro-
portion Of a half pound to each yard
square of soil. II the soil is poor. a
large quantity can be used. More
can be applied at any time during the
season IL the plants do not seem to be
making a satisfactory growth. The
first application should be thoroughly
mixed with the soil, but later applica-
tion can be scattered over the surface
and scratched into the soil with a
wedding hook.