The Twin City star. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1910-19??, 1913-12-19
Ancestry Of Santa
VvYHAT is Santa Claus age3
wv The jolly. roistering, pot
W. beliied. ever young old fel.

!, " belited, ever young old fel-
low that we know has made
his appearance on earth In so many
guises that the secret of his first COM
Ing threatens to remain forever yelled
In the midst of antiquity. No one can
say with any certainty just when he
FIRST made bis appearance among pre-
historic men, for merry old Santa in
one form or another delighted chill.
dren's hearts In many a pagan house
hold centuries before the commence
ment Of the Christian era and prior TO
any recorded history.
The name Of Santa Claus, by which
he is known in America, Is the Dutch
pet name for st. Nicholas. The name
Kriss Kringle. by which he Is known
in England. is corruption Of Christ
Kindlein or the Christ Child. But the
festivities that distinguish Christmas
existed long before Christianity, and q
jolly god of good cheer appears as the
personification Of the period from the
earlier pagan times. Now the Santa
Claus Of today is simply that old jolly
god sobered up, washed and purified.
The Dionysia of the Greeks. the Sat
urnalia Of the Romans, the Twelve
Nights of the old Norsemen and of the
Teutons all celebrated the coming Of
the winter solstice. People then gave
themselves up to all sorts of revelry
and excess. In the Dionysia the repre-
sentative figure was not the young
Dionysus or. Bacchus. but the aged.
CHEEKY and disreputable Silenus. the
chief of the Satyrs and the god Of
drunkards. In the Saturnalia 1t was
Saturn; in the Germanic feasts it was
Thor. both long bearded and white
haired gods like Silenus. Fl
!, Now, although the central figure Of
the Christian festival Is the child God,
the Christ Kindlein. the influence Of
long pagan custom was too strong
within the breasts Of the early Chris.
tians to be easily superseded. The ira
dltiop Of hoary age as the true repre-
sentative Of the dying year and its at.
tendant Publications still remained
smoldering under the ashes of the
past. 1t burst into new flame when
the past was too far back to be looked
upon with the fear and antagonism Of
the church and there seemed no longer
any danger Of relapse into paganism.
At first. however. the more digniied
representative was chosen as more in
keeping with the occasion. Saturn
was unconsciously rebaptized as st
Nicholas. the name of the saint whose
festival occurs in December and who
as the patron of young people Is espe-
cialfy fitted for the patronage Of the
festival which has come to be looked
upon as especially that Of the young.
At first st. Nicholas did not supersede
the Christ Child. but accompanied him
in his Christmas travels, as. indeed, he
still does In certain rural neighbor-
hoods Of Europe where the modern
spirit has been least felt.
st. Nicholas, according to the hagi-
ologist, was a bishop Of Myra. who
flourished early in the fourth century.
He is the patron Of children and
schoolboys.
% It is strange that everywhere st
Nicholas is most honored and his feast
day most observed the most pious and
instructed among the common people
know little Of the legend Of the saint
He is treated with that mixture Of Sc
robustness and frivolity which becomes
"a dying myth. 49, o
In southern Germany and Austria u
youth CARRIED as St Nicholas and &C.
companied by two angels and q whole
troop of devils in hideous masquerade,
with blackened faces and clanking
chains. on Dec. 8 (St. Nicholas festai
day. makes round Of certain houses
where the little ones Of the village
have been collected. To the good chill.
dren he brings gifts Of nuts and ap-
pies. while the naughty ones are left
to the devices Of the satanic followers
In his train. '.rv' -'.>f'. " d.
In many places the bugbear over.
shadows in importance both the Christ
Child and st. Nicholas. He appears
under different names and In different
guises. In Lower Austria he Is the
ITlBuLIui hTdupuS, Win ul5 Ciduhius
chains and horrible DEVILS mask. who,
Notwithstanding his giided nuts and
apples. gingerbread and toys. which
he carries In his basket. is the terror
Of the nursery. In Hanover. Holstein
and Mecklenburg he is known as Clas
In Silesia bis name ia Joseph.
Sometimes the bugbear was female
In Lower Austria she was called the
Budelfrau. In Suabia II was the
Berchtel who chastised children. that
did not spin diligently. with rods. but
rewarded the Industrious with dried
pears. apples and nuts.
The female bogy survives especially
in Russia and In Italy. In the former
place she Is known az the Baboushka.
In the latter as the Befana. Befana Is
a corruption Of Epiphania or Epipha-
ny. for II is on Epiphany. Jan. 9. that
the Italians make presents to their
children In commemoration Of the gifts
given by the three wise men to Christ