davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1913-05-10
MILTON

MILTON, Ind, May 10.--Lloyd Par
kins was at Richmond Friday.
Mrs. Mary Bales has returned from
New Castle.
Mrs. Carrie Six, of indianapolis, will
be the guest of her parents, Mr.. and
Mrs. Charles Wilson. Sunday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Clinton Case were at
Cmnersville Friday.
Miss Mabel Scott went to Jackson
burg Friday.
Friends Church-Sunday school at
9:15. Mothers day will be observed
with AN appropriate program. Preach
ing morning and evening. Christian
Endeavor at the regular hour.
Miss Nellie Jones was at Richmond
Friday.
Mrs. Samuel Hoshour was at Cam
bridge Thursday evening to visit her
daughter-in-law, Mrs Harold Hoshour,
who is sick.
Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Weigle of Cam
bridge City were guests of Mr.. and
Mrs. Horace Huddleston yesterday.
Mrs Veniah Murray and daughter,
Mrs Harry Hunt, were in Cambridge
City Friday.
Christian Church-Bible school at
9:15. At this hour the school will OBJ
serve Mothers day There will be no
preaching services, as the Rev Mr.,
Mccormick will be at New Lisbon.
c. e. at the usual hour.
M. z. Church-Sunday school at
a:15, with observation of Mothers day.
Preaching by the pastor both morning
and evening.
The w. F. NJ. S, of the NJ. E. church
met yesterday afternoon with Mrs. c,
A. Roark.
A number of Royal Arch Masons of
Milton attended chapter meeting at
Cambridge City last night.
The Cary club held its closing meet,
ing of the season with Mrs. Charles
Kniese at Cambridge City Thursday
afternoon.
Mrs. Scott Kitchener. of Corners
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1913-05-10
NEW PARIS

NEW PARIS, O., May 1o.-Miss
Margaret Cunningham, of Chicago, is
the guest of her sister, Mrs. T. ].
Canny.
Miss Elma Homer is home from
Gettysburg for the summer.
Mrs. Irene Decker of Dayton is the
guest of Mrs. Ella Bloom.
Little Helen Saxton of Richmond is
visiting her grandparents, Mr.. and
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1913-05-10
rs. Curt Baumgardner.

Mrs. Curt Baumgardner.
Harold Mitchell, of Charlottesville,
Ind. is at home quite i'll with euinsy
Mrs. Ella Bloom and Mrs Anna Bev.
ington entertained the Thimble club
Friday afternoon. .
Mrs. w. w. Aker has gone for an
extended visit with relatives at Indi
annapolis, ST. Louis and Kansas City.
Miss Bessie Horner is visiting rela
tives in Greenville.
The New Paris Telephone company
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1913-05-10

vile was the guest of Mrs. Oliver Wal
lace Thursday.
Orval and Par Hess and Miss Ruby
Kellum will be the guests of friends
at Richmond Sunday.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1913-05-10

held its annual meeting Wednesday.
The old board was reelected and the
manager, Mr.. Fortney. was engaged
for another year
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1913-05-10
Didn't Sound Riahk.

ma, what does d d stand forT"
Doctor of divinity, my dear. Don't
they teach you the common abbrevia-
lions in schoolY"
"Oh, yes. but that doesn't seem to
sound right here"
Read it out loud. my dear"
My Dear freading, -"Witness Il
heard the defendant say. I'll make you
suffer for this; I'll be doctor of divinity
if | don't "-Milwaukee Sentinel.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1913-05-10

William J. Latta's remarkable col
lection of reliefs OF Napoleon Bona
rarte is to be sold at auction in Phila-
delphia.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1913-07-04
MARRY YOUNG ADVICE
OF NOTED EDUCATOR

In the principal address OF the
first days session of the National
Children's Home Society convon-
ton. DR. w II. SlingerIand. special
agent OF the Russell Sage founda-
tion. attacked the Industrial system
OF today. and charged to II. 10 liquor
and to divorce. the chief causes for
child dependency. Hc made a
strong plea for square deal for the
child born illegitimatoly, and en-
phasized the Idea that punishment.
II any. should fall on the parents.
and not on the child.
People OF this age get married
too late I'm life" Dr. Sllngerland
said. 1T were far better that they
should marry In their twenties"
That this II not done Dr. Singer
land said. IA due TO the economic
pressure of the day. He regarded
the establishment OF children's
homes AS menace na likely To en-
courage parents to transfer their
responsibility to their offspring.
The chief cause for child Deepen
dency. he said, was drunkenness.
During the afternoon session Con
gressman Washington Gardner OF
Michigan. president Of tho assocla-
tion. made n strong plea for the
lsinglo standard Of morality. -....
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1913-07-04
WARSH|PS
FOR POTLATCH

Here they aro-tho West Virginia.
South Dakota. California. st. Louis.
Galveston. Chattanooga, Raleigh and
oregon. These are the bat;leships
ordered by the navy department to
assemble ut Seattle for the Potlatch.
Six of the vessels win tie to buoys
In the bay and two will anchor nj
West Seattle. a float will be put
up at Madison ST. 10 accommodate
launches and'stoamers plying to and
from the battloshipB.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1913-07-04
J1NkS WAS ON TRAIL OF
SCOTCH BRIDE.TO.BE

baggage. but the authorities now
turned TO and assisted hcr In find.
Ing H. When Miss Clark was near
y exhausted from hcr worries her
Intended husband arrived, only 10
be quiEEcd by the immigration In.
spectors
Are you going to marry this
girl7" no was asked.
Il am" said Cochran.
Have you n liccnsc7"
Cochran said he was going 10 ge,
one. He was ablc TO convince the
inspectors Of his good faith and he
and Miss Clark. her worries re-
placed with smiles. were allowed to
leave the pier. escorted by n chap.
cron from travellers aid society.
TO secure the license and then hunt
up minister.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1913-07-04
ALIENISTS CALL ARTISTS
CRAZY AND PEEVE 'EM

Such statements" said Director
French Of the Chicago Art Institute.
lead artists To believe that all doc
tors, or at least all alienists. are In
sane and should be incarcerated In
a big mad house"
Having consigned tho persons OF
temperament TO the bug house
the alienists took fresh tack. Or.
J. Cheston King OF Atlanta, Ga,
who volunteered that exaggerated
ideas OF love and beauty had caus-
ed the mental downfall OF the
artists and poets. worked the dis.
cussion around to pronouncement
that love Itself is only form OF
insanity"
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1913-07-04

CHICAGO. July "A wave OF ex-
cited indignation rolled up today
from Chicago's art colony and beat
upon the Hotel sherman. where
prominent alienists and nerve spe-
clalists are holding forth In conycn.
ton.
The direct charge by tho lunacy
specialists That all artists. sculp-
tors and poets are essentially un.
balanced and the intlmation that II
Rubens. Michael Angelo, Hugo.
Browning. Byron. Keats and Shell.
ley had been examined by compe-
tent alienists they would have been
put In insane asylums. provoked all
tho warmth.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1913-07-04

Mayor Cotterill, Rev. Albert
Stoneman OF the Michigan Child.
ren's Home Society, Rev. NJ a.
CovinRton OF the Washington Child
ren's Home Society. Rev O. Z.
Christian OF North Dakota. and Miss
Catherine Hummer of the Idaho
ChIldron's Home and Aid society.
were other speakers.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1913-07-04

NEW YORK. July Miss Mar.
garet Clark. from Dunfcrmllne.
Scotland. who arrived on the
Anchor liner Camcronia. feared for
a time that she would never be ad.
mitted 10 this country. to which she
had come 20 marry Francis Coch-
ran OF 40 Fourth st. Brooklyn
In tho excitement OF landing she
lost her purse containing her long
savings when tho immigration
boarding officers asked her how
much money she had II was en-
harrussing to reply that abe had
none. Tho authorities seemed 10
be quito skeptical until she had
found her purse. which had been
mislaid In n tumble OF articles In
her handbag.
Then on the pier she lost her
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1913-07-04
BASEMENT SALESROOM

~ Neils, IN many deslFshk
colors, Soc.
Silk Chiffon Auto Vel
with hemmed ends and fang
borders. white with bid
stripe. Sl.m.
Fine Net CHEMISTS /
black, white and ecru ooi4
2Sc.
-Basom0f -
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1913-07-04
USES SKIN LOTION ION
TOOTH; LOSES HER MIND

WASHINGTON. July fem.
porarily deranged ma the result Of
applying n drug to an liberated
tooth. Miss May Wygie. young
woman supposed TO have come from
Ohio. 10 n pulling case 10 the ply
ulcians nj the Washington asylum.
whittier she was removed Wedncs-
day from lodging house. Re
nswed efforts will DO made today
10 learn her identtiy. all efforts no
far having failed.
Miss Wygic applied wha; Is sup
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1913-07-04
col
PR !
OF )IE

An ad
BY Presi
feature I
Neiropol
4eth ann
81 Confer
nction.
The Ct
tire wee
have bee
ttres. th
he Broa
! Most
ready In
nigh, "
Rev. Sy
the Seat
cisl Age
Cottcrill
CONNER
dresses ,
Many
occupied
egstes. {
ing viii
TIRE. whe
Atlanta,
ference
All de-
register
Delegate
b. distr
desk.
The pl
TssIx
Confer.
Sydney s
Invoca
Cover.
Addres
be- OF Co
Address
Seattle
Address
'erill
address
Soio-T
eompanie
Addres
deni Fra
lnfornl
Plymouth
>unda
1nvoca,
Seattle.
Solo-A
confers
Ackelwa
sunday
Commit
Annual
Rev. Br
superinte
school. L.
address
IF J s,
diers ORR
Discuss
o'Brien II
ole Won
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1913-07-04

poaad TO have been skin lotion TO
her gums Wednesday. and i'm.
mcdiately vent into yioien; hys,er.
les. SO alarming did her condition
become that the police were called
Tho federal government may yc,
take n hand IN tn. matter and de-
mand the surrender OF the drug.
which In nov In the possession OF
the young woman'a physician. n
II IL n dangerous preparation. i'm.
properly labeled. prosecutions under
tho pure food law will be under.
taken.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1913-07-04
FREDERICK & NELSO
The July Furniture Sale
Third and Fourth Floors
All Sample Brass Beds Reduced

II VERY sample Brass Bed remaining floors is nov
IL quoted the July Sale sharp reduction from regular nr
Full and Threequarer Beds included poster post and c
nuouspost patterns all of ghgrade construction finish
Call Saturday and choose handsome Brass Bed saving o
having Fourth r~
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1913-07-04
VISIT

Potlatc'
Given a '
ships VIII
Seattle
hours fol
iron, 10 |
$50.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1913-07-04
at $3.50

Childrcn's Bloomer Dresses. made Of
chambray Bingham or seersucker. with
low neck short sleeves. In thu long
WASTED styles. with plated skirts and
boomers attached to 3 years.
Second Floor.
St. Johns review. (Saint Johns, Or.) 1904-current, 1913-11-14
Notice Of Cost Of Improvement

Notice is hereby given that the assess.
fnent for the improving of y. Leonard
street from ST. Johns avenue Ia Bruce
street, the total cost of which is
81. $50 40. was declared by Ordinance
No. 57I, entitled "An ordinance declar-
my the cost ui improving n. Leonard ST..
from the nofthcrly line oi 81. Johns av-
cnuc 10 the norlhcrly liuc oi Bruce
Street. in the city of 81. Johns, Oregon,
and assessing the property benefited
thereby. declaring such assessment aud
directing the entry ui the same IN the
docket ol city liens
The cost of said improvement Is levied
upon all the lots, parts Of lots aud par.
GELS oi land within the boundaries ol the
district, ns follows: Between the north.
crly line ul St. Johns avenue and the
nurthcrly line Of Bruce street.
A statement of said assessment has
been entered IN the docket oi city liens
November g. 1913, aud said assessment
is now due aud payable ut the office of
the recorder OF The city of ST. Johus, or
gon, aud will be delinquent and bear in
tcrcst after November 10, 1913, aud "
not paid on or before December q, 1918,
proceedings will bc taken for the collec.
iion OF the same by sale Of property as
provided by the city charter
Y. A. RICE,
City Recorder.
Published In the 81. Johns Review on
Nov. z aud a. 1913.
St. Johns review. (Saint Johns, Or.) 1904-current, 1913-11-14

If there be one better way than
another TO ruin a town, it is for
those who live i'm IL to go about
apologizing for It's existence.
There are some who are always
ready to say, by their actions
at least, that this place don't
amount TO much. They will tell
you that the town is dead; that
no one would think of stopping
here: that some town adjacent
is more respectable more enter
prising, has better people, better
enjoyments, is ahead of us in
everything. This is all wrong.
Even If il be true, no one should
ever admit il. when IL comes TO
TO making n comparison. Every
good citizen of this town, should
take a special local pride in all
that pertains TO home. The
schools, the churches. the amuse-
ments. the business. pleasures.
the plcnics, the celebrations. in
fact everything should be looked
on by our own people as just as
good as can be gotten up else
where. The town that says
1--WE can" will always succeed.
The town that says, "Oh. |
don't know. | don't think il will
amount TO much" is never Of
much force. lfyou have no local
pride. borrow some.
St. Johns review. (Saint Johns, Or.) 1904-current, 1913-11-14

st. Johns citizens should spend
their money in st, Johns. Every
time citizen of st. Johns spends
his money elsewhere for goods
that are sold here of as good
quality and at as low prices, he
works indirectly against himself
as a resident of st. Johns. who
is or should be concerned with
the upbuilding of his own city.
That il is the duty of every citi-
zen of ST. Johns who has at heart
the advancement and prosperity
of this city. TO trade at home
as far as possible TO do so. needs
no argument. 1t means the
building up of more enterprises
in St. Johns, which will con-
tribute to the city's growth and
enrichment all along the line.
The wisdom of patronizing home
industries and home people
should not be underestimate.
St. Johns review. (Saint Johns, Or.) 1904-current, 1913-11-14
FRANCHISES AND CON-
TRACTS WITH THE CITY.

No. l6 j. c. Scott. successors
and assigns to operate a water
system.
No. 81 Portland General Elec-
trio Company, a supply of elec'
tricity.
No. "a o. w. r. and N. Co..
to lay sidetrack on Bradford
street from Block 6 10 Block 8,
James John Addition.
No. 7S o. w. X. and N. Co.. A..
to lay sidetrack ON Bradford
street 10 Philadelphia street.
No. l44 Home Telephone
Company. TO operate a telephone
and telegraph system; 5000 per
year. payable January lst of
each year.
No. l4S Pacific Telephone and
Telegraph Company. 10 operate
telephone and telegraph system
$l00 per year. payable October
lst of each year.
No. 237- Portland Gas Com
pany, TO operate a gas plant;
500 per year, payable Decem-
ber LIST of each year.
No. 3l2- Portland Railway,
Light and Power Company, to
operate a street railway system
on Fessenden and Jersey streets;
$50 per year, payable December
LIST of each year.
No. 800 Mount Hood Railway,
Light and Power Company. to
operate an electric light and
power system; two per cent
gross earnings, payable lst of
each year,
St. Johns Lumber Company,
lease of Bradford street; $50 per
year, payable January lst of
each year.
Ordinance No. sos Portland
Railway, Light and Power Com
pany, Dawson street; 81 July LIST.
St. Johns Lumber Company,
Burlington street; $3.50 per year.
payable semi-annually.
+. A. RICE.
Recorder.
Published in the st. Johns Re-
view Nov. Ia, 1918.
St. Johns review. (Saint Johns, Or.) 1904-current, 1913-11-14

The city authorities are favor
ably disposed toward securing
better equipment for the fire de-
partment. More modern appli-
ances for fire fighting are need
ed. II would seem that the best
that can be gotten would be none
too good for st. Johns. While
the fire commission has recon-
mended a combination hose and
chemical truck, yet many of our
citizens believe the equipment
would not be complete and ade-
quate unless a pumping engine
also be secured. The former
would cost about $500, while a
triple combination fire fighting
machine would cost close to
$4,000. IL would be apparent
TO all that the best way to acquire
this equipment would be to vote
upon a bond issue for the pur-
pose at a special election. Twenty
year bonds would be equivalent
to Portland eventually paying
the principal, while this city in
the meantime would enjoy its
use by payment Of the interest
only. There is no apparent call
or excuse for paying for such
apparatus out of the general
fund, with "A corresponding in
crease in the tax levy. II is not
right that our present population
should burden itself to provide
something that will benefit a
much larger population later on.
Let posterity help to pay the bill.
because it will reap a large
measure of the benefits.
St. Johns review. (Saint Johns, Or.) 1904-current, 1913-11-14

the bridge is going to be built
6b acres level land seven miles
from Vancouver ferry, four room
house, stable of 13 stalls, well
and pump; $1,000 dollars, cash.
Also, 40 acres nine miles from
Astoria, second growth fir. one
half mile from railroad track,
% miles from knappa. For a
short time, 81 900 cash. See }.
Webster. adv.
St. Johns review. (Saint Johns, Or.) 1904-current, 1913-11-14
WINTER SHORT COURSE
January 5 TO 30, 1914

The College has spared no
effort to make this the most COM
plete short course i'm its history,
A very wide range of courses
will be offered in General Agri-
culture, Horticulture, Animal
Husbandry. Dairying, Poultry
Keeping, Mechanic Arts, Domes-
tic Science and Art, Commerce,
Forestry, and Music. Numerous
lectures and discussions on Farm
ers' COOPERATION, at home
and abroad. will be a leading
feature. Make this a pleasant
and profitable winter outing.
No tuition. Accommodations rea-
sonable. Reduced rates on all
railroads. For further informa-
tion address
II. NJ. TENNANT. Registrar,
Corvallis. Oregon.
Farmers Business Courses by
Correspondence without tuition,
St. Johns review. (Saint Johns, Or.) 1904-current, 1913-11-14
NOTICE OF
Proposed Assessment

Notice Is hereby given that apportion-
ment of the cost oi improving v. iolk
street from the south line oi fcssenden
street to the north line of ST. Iohns Its.
Addition, total cost of which Is Sb6ib7b,
has been appoflioncd aud is on file IA the
office OF the undersigned, subject To cN,
animation.
Assessment district extend, back 10
the center of lots. blocks or tracts Of
lahd admitting ON said street as provided
by the city charter aud resolutions,
Rcmonstrance against said apporiion.
mcnt may be made in writing and filed
with the undersigned until S o'clock
4. NJ. Nov. "a, 1913.
4. A, RlCR,
Recorder,
Published i'm the 81. Johns Review
Nov. aud A. 1913.
St. Johns review. (Saint Johns, Or.) 1904-current, 1913-11-14

An old maid in ST. Johns had
nearly passed through this Jour
ney of life without attracting
any attention until one day, by
accident, she caught her skirt on
a nail and tore it just as high as
you now see the Sits. She had
not noticed the effect that this
slit had given TO her appearance
until she noticed a neighbor man
who had called taking very much
of an interest in her. Anyhow,
this couple was seen frequently
in one another's company after
this. and the story goes that they
were soon married. do not
know this TO be a fact, but as
she no doubt told her story, as
women usually do, hence the slit
skirts, Good Government Gaz-
ette, Newberg, Oregon.
St. Johns review. (Saint Johns, Or.) 1904-current, 1913-11-14
Several Good Snaps

Here's a snap in st. Johns. 5
room house for sale, lot 50Xl00,
all fenced, fine porch. bearing
fruit trees. cess pool bricked 80
feet deep, four bucks from car
line; all kinds of chicken coops,
Price for a few days, $3.50, one
half cash.
One more snapl Remember
St. Johns review. (Saint Johns, Or.) 1904-current, 1913-11-14
Oregon Agricultural College
FARMERS WEEK
December Sth To 18th, 1913

This will be a notable event in
the educational history of Ore
gOn.
Farmers Cooperation will be
the leading topic of a stimulating
series of lectures. The week
week will be crowded with dis
cussions. and demonstrations in
every thing that makes for the
welfare of the farmer and home
maker.
St. Johns review. (Saint Johns, Or.) 1904-current, 1913-11-14
How is Your Title?

Have your abstracts made, con
tnusd OF examined at the Peninsu-
la Title, Abstract and Realty Co
Accurate work, Reasonable fees.
IL. Henderson, manager SII North
Jersey street, Adv.
St. Johns review. (Saint Johns, Or.) 1904-current, 1913-11-14

The Bachelor Club has leased
the skating rink, aud il is being
placed in first class condition
Davidson * Eiteland have dis
continued their bankrupt stock bus.
mess on North Jersey
St. Johns review. (Saint Johns, Or.) 1904-current, 1913-11-14
NOTICE OF
Proposed Assessment

Notice is hereby given that
apportionment of the cost of i'm
proving Burlington street from
the east line of Jersey street to
TO the west line of Central ave-
nue., total cost is 81, $50. 10,
has been apportioned and
is ON file in the office of the un-
dersigned, subject to examina-
tion.
St. Johns review. (Saint Johns, Or.) 1904-current, 1913-11-14
!: H. HENDERSON 81, North Jersey Street
Real Estate, Loans, Insurance
Abstracts Prepared Accurate Work Guaranteed.
Accurate Work Guaranteed.

Assessment district extends
back to the center of lots. blocks
or tracts of land abutting on
said street as provided by the
city charter and resolution.
Remonstrances against said
apportionment may be made in
writing and filed with the un-
dersigned until 8 p. m. Nov. "a,
1918. +. A. RICE,
Recorder.
Published in the st. Johns Re-
view Nov. Z and Ia. 1918.
St. Johns review. (Saint Johns, Or.) 1904-current, 1913-11-14

Subscribe for the 81 Iohns Review
and keep posted ON the doings OF
the city.
St. Johns review. (Saint Johns, Or.) 1904-current, 1913-11-14

ron RENT cards a. this office
St. Johns review. (Saint Johns, Or.) 1904-current, 1913-11-14

attempt deceive for the simple that don't
attempt do In buying insist getting exactly what
for and believe entitled the privilege
exactly what order wether send little girl
order by telephone
St. Johns review. (Saint Johns, Or.) 1904-current, 1913-11-14

Subscription price s,.oo per year.
St. Johns review. (Saint Johns, Or.) 1904-current, 1913-11-14

should be addressed 10
l. Dragon.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-10-26
Business Conditions
Fine, Says T. N. Vail
Temporary Embarrassment Due to
Tariff and Finance Legisla.
ton Sure to Disappear.

CHICAGO, Oct Robustness con-
ditions of the country are character
lied as fine" by Theodore n. Vail.
president of the American Telephone
and Telegraph Company
THE underlying conditions OF bust
ness in this country are fine" said
Mr.. Vail, even though there may be
a slight embarrassment at present
from the changes in currency and
tariff legislation. This is only tenn
porary and will last only while things
are regulating themselves to the new
conditions.
In speaking of the future of the
telephone Industry, MI. Vail said:
in matters Of wire communication
for social and commercial business a
great deal more remains to be done. |
look forward to the time when 90 per
cent OF the business of the country
will be transacted over the wire, and
mails win be used only for those in
innate communications where nothing
else would suffice. II aviation ever re-
places the railroad, wireless COM
munication may take the place of the
present system"