davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Catholic bulletin. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1911-1995, 1913-10-18
Citation ON Filing Petition to Sell

Citation on Filing Petition to Sell
STATE OF MINNESOTA, COUNTY OF
Ramsey. Probate Court.
In the Matter of the Application for Lii
cense to Sell the Real Estate of Caro-
line Neuru, Decedent.
The State of Minnesota to All Whom 1t
May Concern:
On reading and filing the petition of
John B. Wallraff, Representative of the
estate of said deceased. praying that IL
cense be to him granted to sell the real
estate of which said deceased died
seized, and it appearing by said petition
that there is not sufficient personal es-
to pay the debts outstanding against
the deceased, and the legacies and ex-
penSeS of administration, and that it is
necessary, in order to pay such debts,
legacies and expenses, and for the best
interest of said estate to sell said real
estate.
IT Is Therefore Ordered. That all per-
sons interested in said estate be cited
and REQUIRED to appear before said
Probate Court on Monday, the 9th day
the forenoon, at the Court House in
the City of st. Paul, in said County,
then and there to show cause, if any
there be, why license should not be
said real estate, according to the prayer
of said petition, and that this citation
be served by publication thereof in the
Catholic Bulletin according to law.
Witness the Judge of said Court at
st. Paul, this 18th day of September,
(Seal of Probate Court.)
E. w. BAZILLE,
Judge of Probate.
Attest: F. W: Gosewisch,
Willis & Cahill,
Attorneys.
The Catholic bulletin. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1911-1995, 1913-10-18
Lands.

Lands.
STATE OF MINNESOTA, COUNTY OF
Ramsey. Probate Court.
In the Matter of the Application for
License to Sell the Real Estate of
Peter Lynch, Decedent.
The State of Minnesota to All Whom
It May Concern:
On reading and fling the petition of
j. O'COnnor, representative of the
estate of said deceased, praying that
license be to him granted to sell the
real estate of which said deceased died
seized, and it appearing by said petit
ton that it is for the best interest of
said estate to sell said real estate.
1t Is Therefore Ordered, that all per-
sons interested in said estate be cited
and required to appear before said Pro-
bate Court on Monday, the 10th day of
November, A. D. 1913, at 10 o'clock in
the forenoon, at the Court House in the
City of st. Paul, in said County, then
and there to show cause, if any there
be, why license should not be granted
to said representative to sell said real
estate, according to the prayer of said
petition, and that this citation be
served by publication thereof in the
Catholic Bulletin according to law.
Witness the Judge of said Court, at
St Paul. this 9Th day of October 1913.
(Seal of Probate Court.)
E. w. BAZILLE,
Judge of Probate.
Attest: F. w. Gosewisch,
Clerk of Probate.
T. j. DOYLE. Atty
The Catholic bulletin. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1911-1995, 1913-10-18

proved to be flock myriads in mum
Der, of swallows. The Superior at
once ordered all the doors and win
dows to be thrown wide open. Into
them the little creatures flew to es-
cape the storm. They filled the re-
fectory, the corridors and the cells,
and lay exhausted in quivering groups
upon the floors, but the little crea-
lures were saved.
German Antl-Jesuit Law May End.
The "Berliner Neue Nachrichten"
sees the end of the law against the
Jesuits In a leading article on the
subject that journal says that with
the law of 1904, which permitted
Jesuits to enter the Empire, the
structure of the law collapsed. The
only restriction now is against the
establishment of any Jesuit congrega-
ton in the Empire. They may wan
der from place to place, but they must
not settle nor live in groups. The
paper considers it is high time this
remnant of the law disappeared
Catholic Population of Old World
In the Commonwealth of Australia
there are today about 100000 Cath
olics; in New Zealand, about 10000.
In Austria Hungary there are 1885,
900 Catholics; in France. 38,467, 900;
in German Empire, 22,094,00O; in
Italy, 33,75O,O0O; in Spain, 19,2SO,OOO;
in Russia, 1S,45O,OOO; in Great Britain
and Ireland, 5,7S6,OOO; in Portugal,
5.438,O in Belgium, 100000; in
Switzerland, 1,463,000; in Holland,
2,O45,00O. and in Turkey, 100000.
The Catholic bulletin. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1911-1995, 1913-10-18

irish College, Rome.-The Irish Col
lege in Rome was opened January 1,
1923, with six students. It is now
nearly three hundred years in exist
ence. In it's church it contained the
heart of Daniel O'Connell. Plus TX
visited the college and said Mass and
held reception in it on st. Patrick
Day, 1860.
Malta Memorial.-A monument is
to be erected as a permanent memorial
of the Eucharistic Congress held in
Malta on the spot on which his Emin-
ence Cardinal Ferrata stood at the
wonderfully impressive ceremony of
the Benediction of the Sea.
Missionary Results in Africa.-The
latest statistics of Catholicism in the
German colonies in Africa show that
there are now $4,000 native Catho-
lies, in addition to $4,000 catchumens.
The work of conversion is largely due
to- the labors of the Fathers of the
Holy Ghost and the Fathers of the
Sacred Heart.
Christian Brothers Success.-Three
of the Cecil Rhodes scholarships for
Oxford University allotted to Aus
tralia have been won by students of
the Christian Brothers.
important Archaeological Find.-A
highly important discovery has been
reported by archaeologists excavating
at Jesusalem. Near to the site of
Pilates judgment seat has been found
an underground passage fifteen feet
long leading to chamber about sew
en- feet on each side, such as was
used by the Romans for prisoners of
Importance, whilst within it were
some iron rings and stocks. It is be-
lieved that this was the cell where
Our Blessed Lord was confined while
awaiting the decision of PLATE.
PolygIot Japanese Parish.-Yoko-
bona, the chief commercial port of
Japan, has Catholic parish, COM
posed of many races and nations The
census of 1913 shows a membership
of 4S4 souls; 113 of these are Portu-
guese, 101 French, 81 English, 3S
Americans, % Italians, % Germans, 81
Austrians, 15 Spaniards, Hollanders.
s Belgians, 4 Poles and 10 scattering
among Syrians, Mexicans, Brazilians
and Filipinos. The prevailing lam
guage of the pulpit is English. This
parish of the Sacred Heart celebrated
it's golden jubilee last fall. The pres
ent pastor has been in charge for
thirty-six years. He is the Rev. Al
fred Pettier, of the Paris Society for
Foreign Missions.
Generosity to Catholic Press Con-
rad thinner, a well-to-do resident of
Berlin, who died recently. left nearly
all his means, about 100000, to be
divided between four Catholic papers
that he had subscribed to for years.
He left $4,000 to a hospital and $4,000
to his parish church. The Catholic
press has done more for German Cath
olics than any other influence, and
felt like giving an example to other
men of means to do likewise"
Touching seIf-sacrifice Fifteen
Sisters of the Order of the White
Sisters of Africa left Quebec recently
for Africa on the s'Corinthian." They
are all Canadians, but viii pass the
rest Of their lives in the heart of the
Dark Continent.
Swedish Cathedral. The most i'm.
portant church in Sweden is the
Cathedral of Upsala, erected in 1887.
It ia splendid two-towered Gothic
edifice.
Freemason's Reclamation. Profess
sor Joachim PRINT, who apostatized
thirty-fve years ago and became a
The Catholic bulletin. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1911-1995, 1913-10-18

Spanish chapIalns Ranks as Off
cers.-The Catholic chaplains of the
Spanish Army have the rank of Off
GERS. Their uniform is black with
violet bands, ornaments and plumes.
A cross embroidered in gold, with
laurel branches, replaces the number
of their regiments. and they wear
swords.
The Catholic bulletin. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1911-1995, 1913-10-18

French Presidents lnfidelity.-Cath-
olics of France are wrought up over
the conduct of the President Of the
Republic, Poincare. He and his Min
lister sat down to an official banquet
at Gueret in the old Province of
Marcia, given in the chapel of the ex-
PEELED Sisters of Providence. Where
formerly on its walls were the Sta
tons of the Cross, we're, at this BAN
quet, the tri-colors of the Republic.
The Catholic bulletin. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1911-1995, 1913-10-18

Saint Bernard Monks Harbor Birds.
Not long ago, in a great snow storm
in the Alps, the Monks of the St
Bernard Hospice saw approaching the
black cloud The cloud
The Catholic bulletin. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1911-1995, 1913-10-18

Freemason's Recantatfon.Pr Profess
sor Joachim Prinzi, who apostatized
thirty-fve years ago and became a
The Catholic bulletin. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1911-1995, 1913-10-18
OLD WORLD NEWS.

Irish College, Rome.-The Irish Col
lege in Rome was opened January 1,
1928, with six students. 1t is now
nearly three hundred years in exist
ence. In its church it contained the
heart of Daniel O'Connell. Plus TX
visited the college and said Mass and
held reception in it on ST. Patrick
Day, 1860.
The Catholic bulletin. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1911-1995, 1913-10-18

Swedish Cathedral.-The most inn
portant church in Sweden is the
Cathedral of Upsala, erected in 1887.
IT ia q splendid two-towered Gothic
ediflce.
The Catholic bulletin. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1911-1995, 1913-10-18

Malta MemoriaI.-A monument is
to be erected as permanent memorial
of the Eucharistic Congress held in
Malta on the spot on which his Emin-
ence Cardinal Ferrata stood at the
wonderfully impressive ceremony of
the Benediction of the Sea.
The Catholic bulletin. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1911-1995, 1913-10-18

Touching self-sacrifice Fifteen
Sisters of the Order of the White
Sisters of Africa left Quebec recently
for Africa on the @Corinthian." They
are all Canadians, but viii pass the
rest of their lives in the heart of the
Dark Continent.
The Catholic bulletin. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1911-1995, 1913-10-18

Auqustinians Elect General.-A
chapter of the Order of st. Augustine
held at Rome elected Spaniard, the
Very Rev. Thomas Rodriguez, General
of the order. Four assistants were
also elected.
The Catholic bulletin. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1911-1995, 1913-10-18

Charitable Irish Lady.-Miss Isa-
bella Honan, of Cork, Ireland, made
two hundred requests to Catholic
charity in the South of Ireland Her
estate was valued at $780,
The Catholic bulletin. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1911-1995, 1913-10-18

PontificaI Seminary at Assisi.-As-
sisi, in Italy, made renowned by st.
Francis, some of whose buildings date
from the Romans before Christ, has
now one of the greatest seminaries in
italy. It is the Pontifical one of Plus
K and has under it fourteen dioceses.
The Catholic bulletin. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1911-1995, 1913-10-18

Missionary Results in Africa.-Tht
latest statistics of Catholicism in thu
German colonies in Africa show tina
there are now $4,000 native Catho
lies, in addition to $4,000 catchumens
The work of conversion is largely dut
to- the labors of the Fathers of tn,
Holy Ghost and the Fathers of tn,
Sacred Heart
The Catholic bulletin. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1911-1995, 1913-10-18

Catholic Athletes at Rome.-A wave
of bitter anti-cIericalism swept over
Rome last month, and its victims were
the young Catholic gymnasts from
many lands who had gone to Rome
to pay their homage to the Sovereign
Pontiff, and engage In athletic per-
Torrance in the National Stadium.
The athletic Brigade from Saronno
won the silver cup given by Plus x,
at the Stadium, and the Young Mems
Society OF Dublin carried OF the sec
nnd prize.
The Catholic bulletin. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1911-1995, 1913-10-18

presldenf q Motre Dame Honored.
Tho Geyeraor q Indiana has ap-
The Catholic bulletin. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1911-1995, 1913-10-18

Christian Brothers Three
of the Cecil Rhodes scholarships for
Oxford University allotted to Aus
tralia have been won by students Of
the Christian Brothers
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1913-10-11

new classes organized last Sunday.
One is the reorganization of the
young married women of the church;
the other is for men whose ages fall
between 33 and so. Let all who are
eligible to membership in either of
these classes come tomorrow and
join. Our ret increase last Sunday
was excellent. Still there are many
others who ought either to join or
renew their attendance.
Preaching at IL and 1880. I'm
portant announcement to be made at
the morning hour concerning the or
ganization of our men into bust
ness league to do business for the
Lord. Evening meeting strictly
evangelistic. Our uniformly large
and Increasing congregations, both
morning and evening, are a source
of much qualification to US oil.
Everybody who can, invited to wor-
ship with us.
R.. S. GAVIN, Pastor.
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1913-10-11
REV. JENKINS BEGINS SERIES
OF SERMONS TOMORROW

At the First NJ thodist church to-
morrow morning the pastor will
preach on The Inner Conflict. This
Will be the first of series Of ser.
mons on experimental religion. The
first will be based on the seventh
chapter OF Romans, and the text will
be "Oh, wretched man that am,
who shall deliver me from this body
!of death. The second, on the fol
lowing Sunday morning, will be De-
livery Through Christ. 1t will be an
exponent of the eighth chapter of
Romans. The third, week later.
will deal with tie disputed question,
the possibility of apostasy. There
are no mere vital subjects. Mr.. Jen-
kins has been working on this series
or some months, and hopes to get
to the very kernel of the matter
In the evening the subject will he
The Judgment. This logically fol-
lows the sermon of the Second Com
ing of Christ, which was heard by so
large congregation last Sunday
evening. Other evening subjects to
come are The Second Death and
Heaven. This series will grow in
interest. A cordial invitation Is Civ
en- to everybody to hear both sermons
tomorrow
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1913-10-11
...fD|S0N|A.

King Baggot and Imp Co. in the
Comedians Mash. A great two dra-
matte feature. This is one of the Uni
versal Film Co.. best drama plays
1t would be a shame to pass this up;
there is none better. The Spring in
the Desert, an Indian romance. Ev-
erybody likes to see the Indian pic
lures. This picture came here with
a big reputation and is surely de-
serving Of it. Come to see tonight's
program. guarantee satisfaction.
M. M. Grigsby, Jr., Prop.
Matinee this p. m. 3 to $50.
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1913-10-11

ceremonial dresses within a few
Gays they plan to hold the first coun.
Gil Fire on Friday, the oath, at which
'ime the girls will be officially re-
celved as Camp Fire Girls and thew
VIII then be enrolled at the national
Office.
Inc girls are planning for a CANDY
SAFE TO raise funds for some very nee
essary equipment and it is to be
hoped that every one will encourage
them with their patronage.
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1913-10-11

Mrs. Paul Gardner returned a few
Is ago from a delightful stay Of
months with relatives and
(nds in Michigan, spending the
hter part of the time in Jackson.
was much improved by the
|nge and comes back with the re-
/ that she enjoyed every moment
per stay.
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1913-10-11

Ehis afternoon. beginning at four
ock, Mrs. T. l.. Walkers Sum-
school class will serve delicious
'eshments in the park, consisting
sandwiches, salad. pickles. ETC.,
proceeds to be used in building
ltional Sunday school rooms to
First Methodist church. The
ns people should be splendidly
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1913-10-11

Nr. j. l.. Anderson has returned
Lakeland after an absence Of
tut three months spent in Georgia.
is amazed at the progress made
Lakeland in that time and de-
les it is the best town he saw in
travels. He reports prosperous
ditions in the cotton belt, due
gely to the distribution of federal
osits in the southern banks, to
in moving crops.
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1913-10-11

y A. s. Kirkbride formerly of
Dswick, Ca, but now represent
the Cleveland Automobile Truck
is in the city today demonstrat-
this machine on the streets of
Gland, in which he is interesting
,mber of prospective purchasers.
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1913-10-11

. opening services of the new
,oaist church at Kissimmee will
Mace tomorrow at that place.
tp morning service preaching by
m H. C. Morrison, and evening
&c preaching by Rev. S. w.
Ter, of Lakeland.
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1913-10-11
Surely Justlhed.

Lady Motorist-"Oh, Mr.. Policeman,
when tell you why I speeded youIl
lot me CO." Ofllcer-"Why were you
speeding?" Lady Motorist-''I was
trying to catch up to that car ahead
to see how the lady rad her hat trim
Ned. New York Globe.
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1913-10-11

'ather Bashnal. of Tampa, came
today to do some pastoral work
me the members of the Catholic
creation here. He will cele
to mass at the Catholic church to-
row morning at 9 o'clock, and
probably remain in Lakeland
~ or two.
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1913-10-11
70 thu 0escue.

Z am At present devoting a rooe
deal of time to the Bacon-Sbakespears
controversy, sad Old &c Howe, writ
Ing In his own magazine. Think OF
he absurdity Of il" he continues
We do. Our notion OF nothing to get
excited about is this BaEespears con
..oversy
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1913-10-11
p Fire Girls Meet

ne Whine Wa Wa Camp Fire met
usual Yesterday at $3.50 p. m.
: the guardian, Mrs. Donald
Ilr.
ne meeting was very informal,
y thrown open after roll call and
Nv songs, for the discussion and
Fuon of ceremonial names and
bos.
y most of the girls will have their
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1913-10-11

~ / c.. jenkins has received a
!, from Rev. j. M. Bass. stating
"a would pass through Lakeland
o,tarnoon at $40 enroute to
upade. where he goes to con-
a big revival.
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1913-10-11
REAL ESTATE TRANSFERS
{ reported Daily by Security Alb
stract and Title Co., Barlow
October 10, 1918.

A. B. Kee to Robert Barr.
Seasons Investment Co, to c. j
Niblack.
H. D. Nelson to W. w. Shultz
Mrs. Ruth Slidel to Jacob Chousky
o. H. Ohlinger to w. W. Shultz
w. j. Howey to Martha s. Rich.
ards.
Seasons Investment Co. to Alex
Thomas.
Edw. B. Oren to E. e. Skipper.
Florida Development Co. to Mrs.
Robt. A. Marsh.
Carter-Deen Realty Co. to l.. M
Bennett.
A. M. Overstreet to l.. M. Ben
nett.
l.. M. Bennett to scally & Bas-
sett Realty Co.
State Of Florida to W. II. Lewis,
State Of Florida to C. l.. johnson
& Co.
State of Florida to Scott & With
ers.
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1913-10-11

At the First Baptist Church To-
morrow-snnday school at GAS.
Special attention is called to the two
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1913-10-11
| Case Of Fire
phone 5000

. cleveland Finger. of Jackson
lumber inspector for the Up
- Lumber Co., is spending a
aovs here, the guest of his ia
cant. w. L. Finger.
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1913-10-11

First Presbyterian Church Sun
day school, 9:45; preaching services
II a m. and 1880 p. m.
W. S. PATTERSON, Pastor.
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1913-10-11
TOMORROW At THE CHURCHES

trace Evangelical Lutheran-Or-
anse street and Tennessee avenue.
neV' W. 3. Pugh. pastor; residence,
9l4 East Orange street; phone 116
blue Morning worship at II o'clock.
Evening !. worship at 1880 O'Clock.
SUNDAY school at 10 a. m. The pub.
Tic is cordially invited to attend all
services Of the church.
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1913-10-11

p All Saints (Episcopal) Church
He'' Richard Bolton, priest in
charge. Residence, TOT South Mis-
souri, avenue. Twenty-frst Sunday
after Trinity, Divine service. Cele-
grafton Holy Bucharest, 1880 a. M;
morning prayer with sermon, II a.
m. Sunday school, 10 a. m. Even
ing prayer, 1880 p. m. with sermon.
All children and adults interested in
the Sunday school are especially in
Vlted to attend and assist in the en-
roliment and grading and final or
sanlzation OF the Sunday school
winch is perhaps the most important
branch of the church work.
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1913-10-11

Myrtle Street Methodist Church
preaching tomorrow morning at II
O'CLOCK by the pastor. Sabbath
school at 3 o'clock. Prayer service
every Tuesday night at 7 O'Clock.
Dlxieland Methodist Church.
preaching tomorrow night at 7
O'Clock by the pastor. Sabbath school
at ~ a. m. instead of 3 O'Clock
Prayer meeting every Thursday
night at Z o'clock
The Salt Lake tribune. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1890-current, 1913-12-11
SPIRITED BUYING
GIVES WHEAT BOOST
Sales to Importers RESPONSE
bic for Much BulIish Enthu-
asm on Chicago Board.

CHICAGO. Dec. io.-Spirlted buying
for prominent spectators gavc a lItt to-
day 10 wheat The market closed firm.
irregular. s@tc lower 10 n like advance,
and oats the same as last night 20 a
shade decline Provisions wound UP at
rise Of 7t@l0c to 30c.
Sales TO exporters were responsible for
much OF the builish sentiment regarding
wheat One house here disposed OF a
quarter million bushels for Lisbon. II
was said also that Kansas City was sell
ing wheat back TO interior Kansas for
milling, and that Nebraska farmers estl-
mated SO per cent OF the crop In their
state would be fed to livestock.
Favorable weather for the Argentine
harvest was Offset by continued advices
that the yield there was shoTt-poor In
more, the chances Of winter killing by the
recent freeze In the fall-sown fields south
and west of Chicago were steadily kept In
mind by traders. On the other hand,
roads in the United States would loan
all tho cars required this winter TO move
grain to Atlantic ports Realizing sales
on the swells acted as an additional
check against more substantial upturn,
Corn was under heavy selling pressure
most OF the day. but IN the last half hour
the market rallied. owing to signs that
pit offerings were going into strong
hands. Reports varied as to whether
supplies from farmers showed any decided
increase because OF improved weather.
Commission house buying steadied oats.
but shipments from Canada we're said TO
be again factor in the cast and there
were continued liberal receipts IN the Ca
madam northwest.
Packers took an active hand at buying
provisions when the market early gave
way In sympathy with a decline In the
price OF hogs. Shorts were forced TO cover
In q lively manner.
The Salt Lake tribune. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1890-current, 1913-12-11
No Attempt to Anticipate.

New Haven directors did not meet un-
vi o'clock. Therefore little attempt
was made 10 anticipate the action OF the
directors; although the impression was
abroad that action on the dividend would
be postponed
British consols established a new low
record and private cables indicated a pes
slInlstic feeling in the London security
Steel tonnage. It has been estina ted,
you'd show loss OF 800. 900 tons In un-
illled orders, but the actual loes OF
il'ooO tons WAS an agreeable surprise.
As a market factor II had little weight.
steel common declined fractionally when
the news became public
Call loans wore made at per cent,
with renewals It 81. Time loans were
quoted shade firner, with little business
aolne preliminary inquiries for funds
over inc end Of the year have already
tlaae their appearance and will undoubt-
edIy Keep the money market firm
Reading, Union Pacific and Steel retain
thelr position as leaders The strength
OF today's market is taken 10 Indicate
tne anxiety OF n large short interest 10
cover The undertone OF the market is
tcssional surface