Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1913-01-15

freezing weather begins, the rainfall,
the amount Of heat in the fall months
during the ripening period, the per-
centage Of sunshine, and the presence
Of frosts. The climatic factors, as far
as the Pacific coast is concerned are
the real determining factors. Others
are, to certain degree, subordinate.
"The soils play an important part,
the main factors being good depth and
good air drainage. Soil that is not at
least four feet deep without encounter
ing undesirable sub-strata, such as
hard rock, coarse gravel, or cement
gravel is undesirable. Careful exam
inatlon and borings should be made Of
both the surface and sub-surface soils.
One should satisfy himself not alone
as to surface drainage, but also as to
sub-surface drainage, as seepage
waters are often present in our noun.
famous valleys.
Soil fertility is an important item.
Too much stress Is placed on mere
analysis generally 1t shows us wheth-
er or not the soil is deficient in GER
tain elements, or whether they are
present, but unfortunately 1t cannot
tell us how available the plant food
is in the soil. The natural character
OF the soil is more important than the
analysis, Without good climatic con-
ditions, success cannot be hoped for.
Pears succeed on heavier soils
than other fruit, Apples do well on a
wider range of soils, from the clay
loans to the silt and sandy loans.
Prunes seem to do well on any soil
that Is well drained peaches, on eth
er silly loan or we'll drained clay
loans Cherries succeed in the light
er clay loans, and nuts on any soil
that is deep and well drained.
"The exposure Of the site Is an im-
portant point Most Of the southern
exposures of Western and Southern
Oregon are thin and unadapted to
fruits, Where the ground is good,
however, fruits on southern expos
ures are early, If they are free from
frosts Northern exposures generally
are the less frosty, but are late in ma
turing, Eastern exposures are unde-
sirable in frost regions.
"0n the Pacific coast the altitude
bears an important relation to fruit
growing A range Of few hundred
feet often determines the adaptable
ty belt for certain kind Of fruit
About the limit Of commercial fruit
growing in the Pacific Northwest Is
5000 feet elevation.
"The more railroads in u fruit
growing community the better. Even
| tuollS NHN llulJ NlOp VI lHt IdVlllN
coast will be extremely large and will
need good transportation facilities.
"The type of people among whom
a grower settles is important to his
success. Fortunately most of the peo-
pie on the Pacific coast are very pro-
gresslye and will adopt new methods
readily, In some regions Of the coun.
try however people are very oonserv-
atlve, so that II is hard to enforce good
horticultural laws
"The possibilities Of the expansion
Of the business are important Fruit
buyers like TO come where they can
get trainloads, rather than seek out
small isolated sections.
Foolish comparisons are often
made between the irrigated and nom
irrigated sections Good fruit can be
grown on either; and lots Of money
made, provided natural conditions are
right On the contrary fortunes can
be lost in either II the conditions are
unfavorable."