The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1913-07-01
MANY RACES AND 81
DIFFERENT LANGUAGES
The Aztecs IN 1913-Among the
Zapotecas, From Whom Jua-
rez Sprung-The C;ddy Girls
OF Tehuantepec. Strange In
dams OF Northern Mexico
Who Lived In Caves. The
Origin OF The Apartment
House.
Copyright. 1913, by Frank q. Car
penter.p

(COpyrleht 1913, by FRANK .. Car
penter.p
-, MEXICO CITY.
! The red man is a more serious
problem in Mexico than the black
maj is in the United States. This
country has over 10, 0OC, go people,
and of these less nal 500 .000 are
whites. There are about G,COh.t0O
pure Indians and 5000, 600 more who
are red men, more or less crossed with
the whites.
The pure Indians are practically
O~neducated, and this is largely SO Of
the mixed breeds. The greater part
Of them were for years in little more
than debt slavery, and today some mil
lions Of them are mere newer Of
wood and drawers Of water on the
estates Of the rich haciendadOs. Some
work in the towns and others live
IN villages, maintaining many Of the
customs Of centuries ago.
Within the past few years Mr.. Fred
erick Starr has been making studies
Of the Mexcan Indians. He has
travelled from here across the coun-
try down to Guatemala City, visiting
the various tribes and taking meas
Orements Of their heads, busts and of
other parts Of their figures. lie has
photographed thousands Of them and
has made plaster casts Of many. \
part of his travels was through the
mountains of southern Mexico. where
ne found many Indian villages, each
village being a little republic. HI
found many new tribes and a so manJ
descendants Of the ancient people:
who Inhabited Mexico during the day.
Of Montezuma. 1t is through his re.
searches and those Of other ethnclo-
gists that the authorities here al,
studying the great political problem
which confront them.
F1fty-One Different Languages.
They now know that there ar
scores of different Indian tribes il
Mexico and that each has its peculitri
ties. In 1854 one Of the chief scicnt
lists Of the republic, Don Manut
Orozco y Barra, found that ther
were fifty-one different Indian Ian
guages and, in addition, about sixty
nine dialects. He divided these lar
guages into eleven different families
ARD it was later shown that nearly q
Of these Indians had used telegraph
and Employed them n coommunicat
ing thught.
One of the best known Of the IL
dian races is the AZtecs. 1t was tt
ruling race at the time Cortez can
and there are millions Of it on II
plateau today. The Aztecs civilizatio
has been SO pictured by PRESCOTT tn;
many hin that it is about the on
race Of Indians in Mexico. The tru'
Is that the AZtecs got the most
their civilization from the Tooltec
whom they conquered when they @a,l
here from the north. They got The
religion from them, and also thei., ca
endar and architecture. The Tote
built the Pyramids of Mexico, al
either they or a branch % this ra(
known as the Mayans, constructed t
wonderful cities of Yuca1an tho
of Guatemala as we'll. l ha e D rca
written of the ruins Of Quirfgua
the Motagua valley. not far from t
Caribbean sea in Guatemala, Wni
our psychologists are now a atiI
They are the remains of temples bu
by the Mayans, who are Supposed
have gone there from Mexico centur
ago.
The Aztecs called themselves Mt
leans and it is from them that we
the name Mexico. Their descenda1
are numerous today, but arc larg,
poems who work for The whites.
is from them that the -ank and file
the soldiers are recruited.
The Miztecas and ZapOtecas.
Among the other Indians who hs
TO be reckoned with, in the Nc
TO come, are the Zapotecas And
Miztecas. Both of these races
nOtcu IOT tntlT ihtcl lkc.1Cc, am II
have already given Mexico some
it's ablest men. Benito Juarez,
years the president of the republ.c, +,
n fu~ll-blooded Zapoteca. and Pr,
dent Poririo DiaZ had Mizteca III.
In his veins. These tribes ara r
found on the southern slopes OF
centra' plateaus. You may sec III
In Pueblo, Oaxaca, Guerrero
MOrelos. 1t is said that their ehces;
date back to the time when M
XOchicalco and Zaachila were bl
The Zapotecas were never subd