davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Chitina leader., 1913-06-10
ARE VOLCANOES AFFECTING CLIMATE

interesting field of speculation has been opened up by the Geographic magazine which, in its current number takes up the question of volcanic disturbances to Worcmate ill general
 Old sailors on the Atlantic say the weather has been 'd ferent the Mount Peee disaster and much scientific testimony show that the remarkable storms of the last few months eliminating the dan which have inundated the Ohio valley and which threaten the entire Mis- sssippi waterway from Cairo to the gulf the results of the eruption of Katmai volcano in Alaska June G. 1912
 The Katmai eruption of the most violent ever re- corded Owing to the rembeness of the volcano from civil zaton lives lost but the territory in the vicinity of the volcano covered inches deep with ases while the atmospheric disturbance noted thousands of miles Thick haze noted in parts of the word following the eruption of the volcano Heavy fell and cOntin ued to fall during the Prof c. G. Abbott of the Smithsonian institution who in Algiers making uents of the amount of heat coming the earth from the sum- first noticed the spreading of this haze June 19 just 13 days after the eruption in Alaska Rains followed and to the urpr of the scientists the hay weather with succeed ing torrenal downpours continued until September, and forced abandonment of the work Prof Abbott found that the conditions had been the at Mount Wilson, and presumably world wide It is shown by this scientist that the haze precptaed from Katma distributed all the higher atmosphere remaining three months in pension The direct effect of this would be loss of heat owing to the reflection and loss of the suns the Kat mai ''dust bet' Fortunately Prof Abbott equipped with the sort of apparatus necessary for instrument being capable of measuring month part of degree of heat He made exhaustive observations and his opinion that the volcanic haze very apprecaby uenced the march of temperature in the United States He believes that will be found eventually that temperatures nuencer several degrees by great periods of haznes suc those produced by the volcanic epon of 1885, 1888 and 1912 not to speak of the eruption of Mount Pee in 1902 whose distribution of haze he regards rather local
 further question for science to determine is the length of
 time this haze remains suspended the upper atmosphere working such climatic changes The whole subject of vital interest and it remarkable that general at tenton has not been devoted to it heretofore
The Chitina leader., 1913-06-10
IT MAKES US NERVOUS

Knock wood and your fingers when you refer to railroad bill in congress, to ward off disaster
 The chances of the Alaska railway bill bright indeed day-br3her than dared to hope they woui be at this tme Conceived in intelligence, fostered in politics and for purpose in campaign times the proposition has landed square in the center of dominant political power which
 believes in Io"tss, and at time when they sweeping the ceGnes It s stood the test of opposition and criticism be fore the senate committee territories un today ta mtec promises 10 report bill favoraby to the Sena, with few ays where there good chance of its being asse at this session. Passed by the senate and sent to the house the house will it in two three order and passed by both houses and sent to the president President Wilson will sign the minute it is received We must pray for the luck of the bill in the senate.
 What the passage of that bill means to Fairbanks and the m erlor of Alaska cannot be ated possibilities for good
 mess Thinking Aaskans dared hope for such for the bill in such short % and its dazes them We do not dare talk too much about until after the show down the senate but after that the strings upon opto msm will be severed and will the lmit-provded luck wayt looks though luck headed in this iirection-News- Miner.
The Chitina leader., 1913-06-10
NOTICE OF FORFEITURE

TO CHAS CARLSON, Your Heirs, Personal Representatives and As signs, and All or Any Person or Per sons Claiming by. Through or under you:
 Your are hereby notified that the undersigned has expended the sum of three hundred dollars ($300.00) in labor and improvements upon certain placer mining claim known as the Valdez Creek Association, Valdez Creek, tributary of the Susitna In the Copper Center Mining and Re- cprding District, Territory of Alaska and the said amount was so expend- ed and such labor performed for the purpose of holding said claim under the provisions of Section 2324 Re- gised Statutes of the United States and Act of Congress approved March 2, 1907, and constitutes the annual assessment work upon said claims for the years 1910. 1911, 1912. And if with ninety days after the last publication of this notice you fail to pay the undersigned as co-owners your proportion of the expense for the years 1910, 1911, 1912, together with the cost of this advertisement, your interest will become the prop erty of the undersigned under said section2324 Revised Statutes of the United States.
 J. E. CARLSON. First publication. April s, 1913. Last publication, July s, 1913.
The Chitina leader., 1913-06-10

For teaching the geography of the United States in the public schools and colleges strong effort is being made by government topographic maps These maps contain many
 details of local interest showing the school houses and farm houses well wagon road with which, of course the school children familiar that is said to be matter for school teachers to enlist the interest of the pupils in this style of school map. From under standing of the particular representing their To- caes is but succession of short steps to lead the pupils appreciation of the different types of counties DOT
 ayed maps of other sections of the United States Most of the standard atlas sheets of the geological survey of cent issue printed the scale of mile to nch scale which shows the physical features of the country interesting detail
 With these maps the pupils determine the altitude of their homes and steepness of hills and mountains estimate the grade of wagon roads, work out simple engineering problems select dam sites for the construction of to supply water to immaginary towns for irrigation, lay out mmignary trolley railroad lines canals along the most feasible routes establish lookout and signal sta tons high points for the control of forest es and plan many other similar activities.
The Chitina leader., 1913-06-10
NOTICE OF FORFEITURE

TO FRED HERMANSON, SWAN RINGWOOD, VIM. HERTZBERG O.. PEARSON, A. J. NORDALE, Your Heirs Personal Representatives and Assigns. and All or Any Person or Persons Claiming by, Through or Under you:
 Your are hereby notified that the undersigned has expended the sum of three hundred dollars ($300.00) in labor and Improvements upon certain placer mining claim known as Moloch Association, Valdez Creek, tributary of the Susitna,
 In the Copper Center Mining and Re- cording District, Territory of Alaska and the said amount was so expend- ed and such labor performed for the purpose of holding said claim under the provisions of Section 2324 Re- vised Statutes of the United States and Act of Congress approved March 2, 1907, and constitutes the annual assessment work upon said claims for the years 1910, 1911, 1912. And if with ninety days after the last publication of this notice you fail to pay the undersigned as co-owners your proportion of the expense for the years 1910, 1911, 1912, together with the cost of this advertisement, your interest will become the prop erty of the undersigned under said section2324 Revised Statutes of the United States.
 J. E. CARLSON. First publication, April 8. 1913. Last publication, July 8. 1913.
The Chitina leader., 1913-06-10
NOTICE OF FORFEITURE

To ANTOINE CARLSON, Your Heirs, Personal Representatives and Assigns, and All or Any Person or Persons Claiming by, Through or Under you:
 undersigned has expended the sum of three hundred dollars (S300.00) in labor and improvements upon certain placer mining claim known as Last Chance Association. adjoining No. 1 and 2 Lucky Cullen Creek Claims, tributary of Roosevelt Creek,
 In the Copper Center Mining and Re cording District, Territory of Alaska and the said amount was so expend- ed and such labor performed for the purpose of holding said claim under the provisions of Section 2324 Re- vised Statutes of the United States and Act of Congress approved March P, 1907, and constitutes the annual assessment work upon said claims for the years 1910 1911, 1912. And if with ninety days after the last publication of this notice you fail to pay the undersigned as co-owners your proportion of the expense for the years 1910, 1911, 1912, together with the cost of this advertisement, your interest will become the prop erty of the undersigned under said section2324 Revised Statutes of the United States.
 J. E. CARLSON. First publication, April 8, 1913, Last publication, July s, 1913.
The Chitina leader., 1913-06-10
NOTICE OF FORFEITURE

To P. ERICKSON, ANTON CARL SON. SWAN RINGWOOD, CHAS. COWEL, L. RUE, Your Heirs Per sonal Representatives and Assigns, and All or Any Person or Persons Claiming by, Through or Under you;
 Your are hereby notified that the undersigned has expended the sum of five hundred dollars ($500.00) in labor and improvements upon that placer mining claim known as the Roosevelt Association, Roosevelt Creek, a tributary of Valdez Creek, In the Copper Center Mining and Re- cording District, Territory of Alaska and the said amount was so eXpend ed and such labor performed for the purpose of holding said claim under the provisions of Section 2324 Re vised Statutes of the United States and Act of Congress approved March ?, 1907, and constitutes the annual assessment work upon said claims for the years 1908, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1912. And if within ninety days after the last publication of this notice you fail to pay the undersigned as co-owners your proportion of the expose for the years 1908, 1909, 1910. 1911, 1912, together. with the cost of this advertisement, your in terest willbecome the property of the undersigned under said Section 2324 Revised Statutes of the United olates.
 J. E. CARLSON.
 First publication, April 8, 1913.
 Last publication, July s, 1913.
The Chitina leader., 1913-06-10
GENERALLY DISCUSSED

The policy of Secretary Lane being discussed by the big papers all the United States The Portland Daily Jour nal the big Democratic paper of the Northwest says
 The best contribution to current discussion of govern ment ownership of railroads H. Alaska by Secretary Lane
 He favors the plan He has declared his views let ter to the chairman of the Senate Committee Territories
 Secretary Fisher, in his time, declared for government construction and ownership of railroads in Alaska, opera tion to be by the government by private parties nder lease Senator Ptan Senator Jnoes Senator Chamberlain Senator aFoet Senator Pondexer and others rod the stronger opinions
 The opinions of these Democratic leaders probably fleets the policy of the Wilson administration any the which Secretary Lane has presented jec will add great weight to the current sentiment back of federal ownership of railroads in Alaska.
 It is of course policy for this country. But Alas ka IS country presenting problems The policy maintained in the development of Illinois and Ohio is not conditions "In any event. the development of the Far West was through land grants to railroads into which gigantic frauds which the grants turned costly to the government than would have been to have actually built the
 We could not possibly do by actually building the roads in Alaska We could have scandal than the Credit Mobier We could have greater waste of pub lie through bestowas than the muncent grant of lands to the Oregon & California railroad
 "Nor the United States properly develop Alaska and its to the people except by the construction railroads under public auspices It is plan followed by Great Britain in South Africa. It is almost automatic that the developing railroads of colony province largely deter mine the future of that territory.
 Prvae ownership and private control of the railroads Alaska would that the coal from the great deposits of that country would be marked up in price far beyond it's reasonable value The great deposits placed the mercy of private greed would be used to oppress
 Secretary Lanes plan is But the old plans have not been satisfactory It is experiment. But there had been any experiment. Columbus would not have discovered America and the of the revolution would have been fought
The Chitina leader., 1913-06-10
NOTICE OF FORFEITURE

To c. P. MORGAN, Your Heirs, Personal Representatives and As signs, and All or Any Person or Per sons Claiming by, Through or Under you:
 Your are hereby notified that the undersigned has expended the sum of three hundred dollars ($300.00) in labor and improvements upon certain placer mining claim known as No. ', Bench, Left Limit, Valdez Creek, tributary of the Susitna, also known as the Gaston Bench Claim, In the Copper Center Mining and Re- Col ding District, Territory of Alaska and the said amount was so expend- ed and such labor performed for the purpose of holding said claim under the provisions of Section 2324 Re- vised Statutes of the United States and Act of Congress approved March ?, 1907, and constitutes the annual assessment work upon said claims for the years 1910. 1911, 1912. And if with ninety days after the last publication of this notice you fail to pay the undersigned as co-owners your proportion of the expense for the years 1910, 1911, 1912, together with the cost of this advertisement, your interest will become the prop erty of the undersigned under said section2324 Revised Statutes of the United States.
 J. E. CARLSON. First publication, April s, 1913. Last publication, July s, 1913.
The Chitina leader., 1913-06-10
NOTICE OF FORFEITURE

To GUST JOHNSON, A. NESBIT, PONTIUS MAGNUSON, L. SCHIM MELPFENNING. L. RUE, J. PAT PERSON, R. BLK, Your Heirs, Per sonal Representatives and Assigns, Claiming by, Through or Under you:
 Your are hereby notified that the undersigned has expended the sum O. five hundred dollars ($500.00) in labor and Improvements upon that certain placer mining claim known as the Homestake Association, Valdez Creek, a tributary of the Susitna, In the Copper Center Mining and Re- cording District, Territory of Alaska and the said amount was so expend ed and such labor performed for the purpose of holding said claim under the provisions of Section 2324 Re- vised Statutes of the United States and Act of Congress approved March ?, 1907, and constitutes the annual assessment work upon said claims for the years 1908, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1912 And if within ninety days after the last publication of this notice you fail to pay the undersigned as co-owners your proportion of the expose for the years 1908, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1912, together with the cost of this advertisement, your in terest willbecome the property Of the undersigned under said Section 2324 Revised statutes of the United States.
 J. E. CARLSON. F irst publication, April s, 1913.
 Last publication, July s, 1913.
The Chitina leader., 1913-06-10
------U-U-O NOTICE OF FORFEITURE

To P. ERICKSON, VIM. SMITH c. Y. MALINQUIST, ADOLF NELSON, A. KENNEDY, GUS BOSTROM, Your Heirs, Personal Representatives and Assigns, and All or Any Person or Persons Claiming by, Through or Under you:
 Your are hereby notified that the undersigned has expended the sum of three hundred dollars (S300.00l in labor and improvements upon certa n placer mining claim known as the Yellow Bowl Association, Left Limit Last Chance Creek, tributary of Valdez Creek,
 In the Copper Center Mining and Re- cording District, Territory of Alaska and the said amount was so expend- ed and such labor performed for the purpose of holding said claim under the provisions of Section 2324 Re- vised Statutes of the United States and Act of Congress approved March ?, 1907, and constitutes the annual assessment work upon said claims for the years 1910. 1911, 1912. And if with ninety days after the last publication of this notice you fail to pay the undersigned as co-owners your proportion of the expense for the years 1910. 1911, 1912, together with the cost of this advertisement, your interest will become the prop erty of the undersigned under said section2324 Revised Statutes of the United States.
 J. E. CARLSON. First publication April g. 1913. Last publication, July 8, 1918.
The Chitina leader., 1913-06-10

Secretary of War Garrison will recommend that the Alaska cable and telegraph lines be turned to the Posoce de- partment following the recommendations of his predecessor who contended that the burden of maintaining and operating
 the telegraph lines the territory should be imposed upon the appropriations for the army If this recommendation adopted something POO officers and will be relieved
 from duty in Alaska, sufficient to organize two field panies in the Signal Corps which needed very badly by Army But more than this, the expense of maintaining
 telegraph system Alaska should be charged against office department the territory Just at present there need of the expenditure of half million dollars in re- newng parts of the cable There time when cable and telegraph lines military necessity, but this exists longer It's maintenance of the expenses of the civil establishment and it injustice charge against the army-Army and Navy Journal.
The Chitina leader., 1913-06-10
NOTICE OF HEARING OF FINAL
 ACCOUNT
In the United States Commissioner s
 Court. Ex- -Officio Judge in Pro- bate, Chitina Precinct, Territory of Alaska, Third Judicial Division.

In the matter of the estate of c. w..
 Babbage, deceased, A. G. Mercy,
 administrator.
 Notice is hereby given that A. C.. Mercy, administrator of the estate of c. w. Babbage, deceased, has rem dered, filed and presented for settle ment his Final Account and report of his administration of the said estate, and that the 29th day of May, 1913, at the hour of 2o'clock, p. m. of the said day, at the office of Paul d'Heir- ry. ex-officio Judge in Probate, of the Chitina Precinct, at Chitina, Alaska, has been duly appointed by the said court, as the time and place of settle ment of said final account and report, at which time and place any person interested in said estate may appear and file his objections and exceptions to said final account and report.
 Dated at Chitina, Alaska, this 26th day of March, 1913.
 A. G. MOREY, Administrator of the estate of c. w.
 Babbage, deceased.
 Date of first publication, Apr. 8, 1913 Date of last publication May 27, 1913
The Chitina leader., 1913-06-10
WE HAVE THE COAL

It has been discovered that Alaska has the best seamng coal earth and the navy of the United States going fed if it stands up the mark already set That )n territories.
 It is cnch that if Alaska had that kind of coal it has
 yet for of coal has been that we ever heard of We not surprised that it has proven that our coal the best there is are agreeaby surprised to learn that the United States navy proposes develop our coal resources Our coal deposits get nothing where they and II the government will start opening up coal it will only be question of short time Alaska allowed to use her coal to develop her own resources
 That will help some.
The Chitina leader., 1913-06-10
,--O--O---O-

Edwin H. Gilman, manager of the Chitina Cash store, has rendered his resignation and intends to short ly leave for the states. Johl Nelson will succeed Mr. Gilman as manager and Oscar Fish will go to Chitlna as bookkeeper for the firm.
The Chitina leader., 1913-06-10
-O-O-O- WHO'S WHO IN DEMOCRACY.

It looks to though the Tanana Valley Democratic club off and that those who resgng herefrom the handwriting the wall At the last session endorsed for marshall and yesterday the they op posed confirmed in that position at Washington Every other the club has worked for has received nothing every has opposed has been rewarded There ble ahead for the divided democratic ranks in
 The confirmation of L. T. Erwin marshal of this divis- ion puts the Judge at the head of Democracy this camp and that he will ride at the head of the official not be doubted for minute The opposition him may buck and kick all it pleases but it fall in behind the Judge the procession drop outhat fact is seed-Fairbanks News Miner
 Miss Alice Stone Blackwell informs this country that Mrs. Pankhurs indignantly denies that she would kdnap children Tn the great cause of mantcy Why this linking distinc
 on? Between kidnapping children and burning their homes what is the moral difference
Idaho County free press. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho Territory) 1886-current, 1913-11-20
NO USE FOR CENTRAL OREGON
Two Years Investigation by Camas
Prairie Boy.

Nj. q. Zumwaldt, who has been away
for the past two years in the Central
Oregon country as well as certain parts
OF Northern California, looking for
some land that was the equal of Camas
Prairie which might be secured at a
lower figure, returned last week.
thoroughly satisfied that Camas Prairie
is little better than elsewhere and
away ahead of the country of Central
Oregon. He states that many peo-
pie coming there to homestead, being
brought to believe that the country is
worth while through the flowery talk
of the locators and real estate men,
will suffer all kinds of hardship before
six months roll around. The country
is nothing but desert with a good out
cropping lava rock. Water is scarce
and absolutely nothing can be raised
without irrigation. Water for domestic
purposes is being hauled as far as forty
miles by some of the homesteaders. He
was told by an old cattleman that it
was necessary to figure the acres to a
critter in the stock business. Zumwaldt
also visited Modoc county, Northern
California and does not give it much
better send off.
Idaho County free press. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho Territory) 1886-current, 1913-11-20
VIRGINIA ROSE" DEC. S.

The date for the Forthcoming produc-
tion of Virginia Rose" the play to be
produced by The Friars club, under
the direction of Walter Bunnell, has
been set for Friday, December S, at the
1. O. O. F. hall. Rehearsals for the
production are held nightly at the hall
and according to Mr.. Bunnell the
several thespians who are participat-
ing are making splendid progress. He
says, however, that the bill is entirely
different than anything ever attempted
by local talent and that is calls for
great ability on the part of those who
assist. The scenic features, particularly,
are far more elaborate and extensive
than usual, he says. The play was
originally advertised for Thanksgiving
but owing to the fact that number
of other attractions are billed for that
week and because the nature of the play
demands perfect production which
necessitates time in preparation the pro-
duction was postponed until the follow
ing week.
Idaho County free press. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho Territory) 1886-current, 1913-11-20
HAVE LECTURE COURSE
Manager Amber Announces Series .,
-Four Splendid Attractions.

Manager Amber of the /. @. q r
opera house announces the engagement
OF Britt Lyceum artists for series
OF entertainment at the opera house
during the winter.
The course consists of four entertain.
ments, starting on December Is when
the Stelzl Concert company will appear
in a program Of instrumental music and
song. D. Ernest Randall, heralded as
premier chalk sketch artist and car.
toonist, comes on January 81, and the
Woods orchestra of three persons. said
to be stellar organization, will ,appear
at the opera house during February.
The exact date for this attraction has
not yet been definitely decided. The
course ends on March 2 when the
Floyds, large troupe of entertainers,
will occupy the boards. Manager Am
bier says that this series of attractions
is furnished by the famous Britt lyceum
bureau and all are guaranteed enter
tainers who are sure to please.
The Floyds, he says, constitute an
high priced company, the at
traction being one of the most expen-
sive of the kind he has ever booked.