Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1913-05-30

StOVhS eSpcCIduy III OcuSu b SAn6'
when the diameter OF the stock is the
same or very little greater than that Of
the scion, is the English cleft. split or
whip graft
The treatment given vines during the
first years OF their growth largely de-
termines the profit and pleasure to be
derived from them II improperly
cared for during this period sd tisfac-
tory returns are not obtained after
ward
Cuttings and Rooted Vines.
II cuttings are planted and the sup
crease the chances of getting full
stand. Saould both cuttings grow one
Of them San easily be pulled up with
out injurlng the other. To protect the
cuttings rom drying out plant them
SO that the top bud projects only a
trtfle aboye the ground.
II rooted vines. either plain or graft
ed. are used the roots should be cut
back to three to four inches. depend
ing on their vigOr. Only one cane of
the top Should be left. and this should
be cut back to two. or three good buds.
IL CRAFTS are used all scion roots and
all suckers should be carefully re-
moved
During the FIRST year after planting
no pruning or training is usually CIV.
en-. although II Is perhaps good plan
with vigorous plants, especially II the
season is propitious. to rub OF all ex.
cept the straightest and strongest of
the young shoots that start. The fol-
lowing winter the vines should be
pruned and staked before they start to
grow. the size of the stake used de-
pending on the method Of training
adopted.
BY the third year all vines should
have erecl. straight stems. with. two
or more canes growing from the prin.
cipai part. out OF which the head or
crown Is to be formed and from which
the growth OF the vine Is to be renew
ed from year to year.
To pru,le tnteIligently the age. size
and condition. OF the plant. the location.
climate. soil and other features Of its
environment and the principles gov.
erniDG its life must be considered.
A statei1ent of some of the more im>
portant OF these life principles follows:
The sap nows with greatest force to
the outer eXtremities; the more up
right branch is the more sap flows
into it: the sap when abundant and ac-
tive produces wood; the more abundant
the flow OF the sap the larger and later
the fruit. she ascending sap grows
richer the farther it flows; checking
the flow OF the sap makes the plant
bear earlier and produces more and
richer fruit The vine usually bears its
fruit on new shoots growing from the
wood Of the previous year. The time
vines are dormant. They should not
be cut when frozen or while the sap is
flowing rapidly. Summer pruning is
practiced Oh the young growth to regu.
late the quantity Of fruit and the
shape Of the plant
In pruning one or more Of the follow
ing objects are usually accomplished:
Parts of plants removed. renewed, pro
NOTED or retarded: wounded and dis
eased plants cured: the shapes and hab-
its Of plants modified; the size and
quantity Of the fruit Increased or di.
minished; the quality of the fruit i'm
proved; the fruit made to ripen earlier
or later; a regular succession of fruit
secured. and the spraying. training.
cultivation and gathering Of the fruit
facilitated.
Methods Useo In Pruning.
There are various ways In which
the objects OF pruning are accomplish.
ed. For instance. the growth and
health of plant are promoted and the
size of the fruit Is increased ~ BY re-
moving all the diseased parts and suck.
ers. e. by shortening extended shoots,
side shoots and latera;s. 49, by putting
upright the part whose rapid growth is
desired and a. BY removing the fruit
buds or fruit The plant is retarded in
growth and made to bear earlier and
richer fruit by shortening the leading
shoots and leaving the fruit bearing
wood and by bending down the branch
es and ring pruning them. The heal.
ing Of wounded and diseased plants IL
promoted BY removing the injured
parts and dressinA the wound. The
nend of plant Is renewed by cutting
or the branches above: the head Is
made to grow thicker by cutting back
the outer branches and to grow thin.
ner by amputating all canes on which
there Is too much growth
There are 80 many species Of grapes,
each having peculiarities Of its own
and therefore responding most readily
to certain cultural methods to which 1t
ia oest adapted. that the pruning. train.
ing and growing Of vines. which other
wise may appear quite simple. become
complicated operations In which com.
few people grow expert. and
vineyards In which serious mistakes
are not made are rare.