davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening journal., 1913-10-10
VIOLA HOMES ARE
OPEN TO VISITORS

Special to THE EVENING JOURNAL.
VIOLA, Del, Oct. 10 Edward Lam
orcauV who has bern visiting friends
nnd relatives of scranton, Pa, has re-.
turned home -Miss Florence Vincent ia
spending some time with relatives at
Chcrvold-Nr q. vs.. pc0rc spent Mon
day IN DOyer--Alr. aud Mrs. William
Anderson spcnt the latter port of last
week with their daughter. III Milford
Guy De Blois IL iu rhiludclphia Miss
Mary Nhcntley, Of Dover, spent the
week end with her grandparents, Mr..
and Alfs. Thomns Darling Air. and Mrs.
james Williams entertained friends Of
Harrington and Dover ON Sunday
Henry De Blois spent the fret of the
week. With Ar. and Mrs. Smith, of near
FELTON, -Miss Pauline Jackson spent
Saturday in Dover William Davis and
daughter. who have been visiting nt
Pennington. have returned home =
Evening journal., 1913-10-10
THIEVES ARE ACTIVE
ABOUT TOWNSEND

TOWNSEND Oct. 1O-Chicken
thieves are again operating in this
section. they having stolen thirteen
fine fowls from the hennery Of Eben
Alfree. On Taylor street, on Tuesday
night. Corn thieves have also become
active and in many cases they have
been known to drive off with wagon
loads Of corn from the fields dur
ing the night. Consequently some
farmers have decided to be on the
lookout with their shotguns handy. A
band of gypsies is camping in the
woods about two miles south of this
place. During the past week the
customary practice of "swappin' -
horses has been extensively carried
on with some Of our farmers, while
the gypsy women have frequently
been to town on fortune-telling trips.
Evening journal., 1913-10-10

1911. $50" 4-cylinder LOcOMO-
BILE CHASSIS, shaft driven. just
the proposition for commercial work.
II is made TO stand hard usage at a
small up-kecp cost. Immediate de-
livery. Let ne show you this. Or
irinal price, $500. Our price, 1900,
Evening journal., 1913-10-10
MARsHALLroN SOCIAL NEws.

Special 10 THE EVENING JOURNAL.
MARSHALL1ON. Del. Oct. 10 Mr..
and Mrs Thomas l.. Dempsey. Of Men
denhall Mills. \. j.: Mrs. Harry Writ,
of Hockessin. Mr.. and Mrs a. ]. Wal
ton, Mr.. and Mrs. Eli Davis, Mr.. and
Mrs George y. Dempsey and son,
George Misses Mabel Davis and Eliza
beth Walton. were recent guests az the
home Of Mr. and Mrs. Harvey j. Davis.
stanton NJ. +. Church will hold their
annual meat and poultry supper In
stanton Hall on Thursday. October 80.
The star pupils Of FaivAw school for
tho week were: Anna Belle Little, Anna
Raw Whiteman. Florence Little and Lr-
mont Johnston.
Misses Mary T. Little and Della ~
Lewis we're entertained the weekend as
the guests of Miss Anna T.. Weer-Mrs.
Isabel Higgins was Sunday visitor AZ
the home Of her sister, Mrs Margaret u.
pennock.
Evening journal., 1913-10-10

1912. NATIONAL 40 II. p, pas.
seneer car. II you arc looking for an
all-around- good powerful satisfact-
tory car. investigate this bargain.
The whole equipment is perfect. Or
iginal cost, $1,000. Our price, $1,000.
Evening journal., 1913-10-10

1912, "so," icylinder LCcoMo-
BILE. 8 passenger Touring car.
Painted dark green, with white
stripe. Perfect equipment This car
Is rebuilt and guaranteed. A very
satisfactory and economical model.
Original price, $500. Guaranteed
price, 81 $50
Evening journal., 1913-10-10

1911. "6.4s," Z passenger LoCoMO-
BILE Touring car Fully equipped
Not rebuilt but in the best of con-
dition mechanically and looks we'll.
Good tires Immediate delivery.
Special price, $3.50.
Evening journal., 1913-10-10

1912 MARNfON. 5-passenger car. A
dependable car. STANDARD equipment,
including Warner speedometer and
clock, Disco starter. Tires and
paint in excellent condition. You
should see this car to appreciate it.
Original cost, $3.50. Our price,
sl.40O.
Evening journal., 1913-10-10

Call and see those cars for your
self.
Evening journal., 1913-10-10

Special to THE EVENING JOURNAL
NEWARK, Del, Oct. lo.-With the
opening Of the fall season there Il un.
usual activity among the church work
srs OF Newark and vicinity, Arrange
ments have been completed for the thir-
teenth annual convention Of the White
Evening journal., 1913-10-10
BLAcKRIRn APpLE cRnp.

BLACkB,RD. Del. Oct. l0.-The spplr
crop IN thc lower end Of ihe county this
fall promises TO bc au exceptionally good
ono. both in quantity aud quality Of
fruit. In one Of the finest orchards In
tho. northern part Of the State, near
Bluckhird. the owner expects to harvest
over 200 barrels Of first grade apples Of
Jose scale parasite discovered hv Penn
sylvanin cntomolcrists isn't worrying
these orchnrdists much. % thcv have
learned how to control the scale, and all
other apple tree insect enemies and dis.
eases by scientific spraying and can now
insure n crop against everything but
ifost and tornado.
Evening journal., 1913-10-10

Jamcs Davidson. Of Blackbird, spent
Monday here Mrs. Christopher Singer
and Mrs Dallas Moore spent Wcdncs.
dav Ia Philadelphia Van Size, Of
Wilmington, spent Monday with his
fnthcr.in law, Francis Culdm
Evening journal., 1913-10-10
Used Cars at
Attractive Prices

lnl2. "6- 4S" LOCOMOBILE. I pas
senrer Touring car. Painted dark
blue with light blue stripping. Fully
equipped, rebuilt and guaranteed the
same a. new Locomobile. Imme-
diate delivery. Original cost, $4,000.
Guaranteed price, $3.50.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1913-10-10
GOVERNOR MEETS
FARMING EXPERTS
Entertains Demonstrators From
Virginia at the Execu-
tive Mansion.

Farm demonstrators from q ma
)ority or the counties in Virginia were
the guests OF Governor Mann at tho
mansion last night ut AN informal con
ference over agricultural conditions
ABOUT Sixty men were present, all prac-
ucai farm demonstrators and actiy.
leaders In this form Of agricultural
Improvement Governor Mann spok.
briefly on what the State Is doing for
the improvement Of conditions tell
Ing wha. had been accomplished bv
the United Agricultural Board and OF
the remarkable yields per acre which
had been secured by Virginia farmers
who had adopted the methods OF the
demonstration agents. r o. Sandy. in
charge OF demonstration work in this
State. discussed the exhibits OF the va
rious counties At the fair.
Or. Bradford Knapp. United states
government demonstration agent, made
a most Interesting address on the gen
eral topic Of cooperation and farm
demonstration. telling Of farming con
ditions he had seen while 4 member
from this country OF the Rural Credits
Commission IN Denmark and other
countries. Several OF tho demongtra-
tors told OF local conditions in the
various counties, and OF tho marked
Improvement in methods OF agriculture.
In the condition OF the soil. and in the
yield per acre which had followed the
introduction OF improved farming
methods.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1913-10-10
F|REMEN
RIDE INTO TOWN
Get Welcome From Mayor Aims
lie at Dinner Served in Lex
ington Hotel.

Rainbow Volunteer Fire Company,
No. /, of Reading, Pa, eighty strong,
including "A brass band OF It's own,
rode into Richmond last night on its
way back home from Newport News
and was entertained by the local Fire
Department with a dinner at the Lex
ington Hotel. The firemcn are accom-
panied by party OF fourteen women.
and will spend the day In the city,
leaving on p night train for Washing
ton.
a reception committee. composed of
Second Assistant Chief-I. L. RATIO and
Captains j. II. Redmond, a. l.. Law
renee, George L. Rust and a. +. Tny-
lor, met the Reading company at the
station and marched with 1t to the
hotel. Dinner was served ut o'clock,
and Captain Redmond presided as
toastmaster.
The visitors were welcomed to the
city by Mayor Ainslie, who was pre-
scented by Toastmaster Redmond as
Richmond's youngest chief executive.
and as the man who will be chosen by
the city mt the next election to serve
another term OF four years. Chief A.
B. Bruner. OF Rainbow Company No
l, replied to tho greeting for the
visitors. a number of local men and
visiting fremcn responded to toasts.
Tho company is on n short tour
through Virginia. and has visited Nor
folk. Portsmouth and Newport News
1t will go tonight to Washington, and
from there back homo. The visitors
will be plotted through the city's points
of interest to day by guides from the
city Fire Departments.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1913-10-10
BANKRUPTCY PLEA
FILED BY L|PHART
Voluntary Petition Shows LA
bilities of $2s,22o.o4, with
$9,9O6.6O in Assets.

C. NJ. Liphart, president OF C. ".
l-iphart Co. manufacturers Of
structural steel became voluntary
bankrupt yesterday in tho United
states District Court by fling a pc
tition which showed liabilities OF SIS
22o.o4 and assets of s99O66o. Less
than one-balf the debts incurred by
tho petitioner are secured Claims
held BY Richmond creditors are in the
main secured. MIR. Liphart lives nj
2oo6-A West Grace Street and has his
office In the Mutual Building His
petition was filed by c. A. Hanson, at
torney.
The bankrupts nsscts OF se.oo6. co
are represented By s6.76i.S0 In stocks
and bonds, household goods to the
faiue or $1,000. an automobile APP
praised at $1,000 and several small
items.
The creditors holding secured claims
and the amounts of their claims are:
Main Street Bank. Sits: Charles g.
JurScns' Sons $40. a Beirne Blair.
sS,l235o; Charles StleN Piano Com
pany. $3.50; X, H. Bruce. $1,000 Debts
contracted by the petitioner while
doing business with Adolphus Blair
x Co. which are secured. are: Del
trich Bros Baltimore. $4,000; Bur
roughs Adding Machine Company
s2O6a6; Epps & Epps. $40.
Unsecured claims against the bank
rupt are: Bromm Bros. $3.50: Smith
Gordon. sos; Richmond Structural
steel Company. SLIPS: w r. Meredith.
$40; Mrs a. Valentine. $4,000: Burke
Co, sll5: NJ. l.. Hofheimer, 1857:
Oakland Auto Company. sl43: Cheml
co. (contestcd), sl22. Contracted by
{. NJ. Liphart & Co. American Bar
Lock Company. Philadelphia. slo274
The largest Of the personal debts OF
Mr.. Liphart- are; 4. -. Swink. S17ob:
a. O. Swink. s22s. Thalhimers. s3s7:
the Chesterfield Apartments. Sis.
Large unsecured debts contracted by
the petitioner in business are: DIETRICH
Bros. Baltimore, sl.e1s22: Harmon
Process Company, Connecticut. slo0.
Jameson, Mckensic & Evans. Balti-
more. s34s; Oliver Iron and steel Com
rany. Pittsburgh. s35377: Phoenix
Iron Company $4,000, Thomas W
Marshall Washington. 1855 Morrison
& Co. SAT-: Richmond Machine Com
pany. sl66: Jacob shannon & Co. Penn
sylvana. $40: Van Dorm Iron Works,
Si7e: Everett Waddcy Co. 1854. Wythe-
Vile Iron Company. 1914; overdraft.
si.ts6
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1913-10-10
HEALTH FOLK SAY
CUT OUT KISSING
Department Urges That Children
Be Spared While There Is
Much Diphtheria.

WIN diphtheri1 reported from many
counties ana with a least one serious
outbreak, the State Board OF Health
Yesterday issued special warning
ogsinst dirh,heria and scarlet fever
AID urged III" necessity Of proper pre-
cautions. Diphtherja has been shown
r. be more prevalent in years OF de
cr@ased rainfall, and on this basis
alone the state would have reason TO
fear widespread prevalence Of the
disease this fall Scarlet fever is re-
ported from various parts OF the State
Both ~ these diseases affect children
more than ADULTS and both are spread
u much the came way by germs which
p*se with personal contact. The state
Board IL Health ~ the bulletin iHsucd
yesterday urges upon school authori-
Ties and parents the Importance Of
ttric. precautions. and gays that the
common drinking cup should be for
b.dJen altogether, and in its place
cvery child he required TO have an in
diYldcai cup. The cugtom that pre-
valls aipong children Of trading PEN
tlIs should be prohibited. and tho
board especially Recommending a closed
.eahon on kissing, especially among
children
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1913-10-10
.WE|NSTE|N TRIAL
DRAWS BIG CROWD
Judge Waddill Overrules De
murrer TO Indictment and TAX
ing of Testimony Begins.
HEARING PERJURY CHARGE
Merchant Who Took Bankruptcy
Is Alleged to Have De-
irauded Creditors.
HEARING PERJURY CHARGE

AZ the opening OF the United States
District Court yesterday morning.
Judge Edmund Naddll. Jr.. announced
that lie had decided to overrule the de-
murrer 10 the indictment of Nathan
Weinstein for perjury and attempt TO
oefraud his trustee in bankruptcy, ana
ordered that the trial begin at once.
The courtroom was crowded with wit
nesses and friends of the accused
Many character witnesses have been
called by the defense. Although Judge
Waddill pressed the case with all pos
Sible speed il proceeded yesterday no
further than the taking of evidence
for the prosecution.
Nathan Weinstein. formerly an EaSi
End clothing merchant became q vol
untary bankrupt in the United states
District Court on December 81, 1912.
Shortly afterward he was arrested on
the charge. brought by his creditors,
that he had concealed property from
his trustee in bankruptcy. and had
sworn to q false schedule OF assets.
His brother. Morris Weinstein, is
awaiting trial on the charge Of having
been guilty OF perjury in swearing
before Referee Thomas + Snead that
check for $3.50. given him by Nathan
Weinstein shortly before the filing of
the bankruptcy petition. was In pay
ment OF a lawfully contracted debt.
The prosecution alletes that the bank
rupt gave Morris this check 10 keep
the money from falling into the hands
or his creditors
Indicted on Four Counts.
Nathan Weinstein has been indicted
on four counts:
First. that on December % the day
OF fling his petition in bankruptcy, he
concealed quantity Of his stock in
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1913-10-10
RICHMOND LANDS
ANOTHER BIG ONE
AFTER HOT FIGHT.
Captures American Bankers AS
ISOLATION Convention for
Next Year.
MAY BRING 1900 DELEGATES
Banking Institute Members After
Richmond Men in Beating
Other Cities.

1t is q dull week when Richmond
can't send out n delegation OF citizens
and bring back 4 national convention.
The news from Boston Yesterday that
the American Bankers Association had
selected Richmond for its 1914 conven-
ton. demonstrated anew this citys pre-
eminent position as the South's most
popular convention point. Ii was good
news and brought satisfaction to tho
populous banking colony and to the
city ut large.
The bankers met in Richmond in
1900 Since that time they have shut
tied between the big cities OF the North
and Middle West The Richmond con-
vention was made memorable BY the
launching Of the American Institute of
Banking as an Institution for the train
ing OF young bankers. Since its birth
in Richmond. the American Institute of
Banking has grown into a membership
of $1,000, with charters in every State
III the Union. The annual convention
of the organization. held in this city
last month, attracted an attendance of
1000.
Richmond An Easy Winner.
The ease with which Richmond cap
tured the convention WAS a surprise
even 10 the convention itself The first
ballot decided the competition. ST
Louis. Denver, Salt Lake city Balti-
more, Atlantic City. and Atlanta en-
tered the race, the Georgia metropolis
making an especially strong effort
Among Richmond's strongest sup
porters on the convention floor were
members of the American Institute of
Banking. who were visitors in the city
last month";
In point of aggregate wealth the
American Bankers Association is the
foremost organization ia the United
states. IL includes in its membership
men who WELD a mighty influence III
the world Of commerce and politics. and
its meeting in Richmond next year is
regarded on all sides as a commercial
advantage of the first rank.
The Boston convention. now in prog
ress, has attracted 4 200 registered del
egates Richmond. IL is believed. Will
10 equally as we'll. The Richmond
delegation in attendance includes .. j
Sands. w VI. Habliston. Julien II. Hill.
II. G. Burnett William +. Augustine.
;. l.. Scudder and w. r. Dabney.
GINS Men Next Week.
Richmonds last national convention
of the year the annual meeting of the
american Gas Institute, convenes next
Wednesday nj the Jefferson Hotel for Il
iour-day session 1t concludes long
array OF big trade and professional
meetings that have this year rallied in
Richmond. ANA viii bring 10 this city
5Go gas manufacturing experts from
the private ana munlc!pai plants OF the
country.
For next year the convention pro
gram. although far from complete, is
already imposing. February Will see
the gathering OF the nations merchant
tailors. The same month will bring
the Department OF Superintendent Of
the National Educational Association.
the foremost organization Of its Kind
in the country. Superintendent J. 4.
q. Chandler OF the public schools. esti-
mates that it will attract an attendance
OF more than 2,o00.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1913-10-10
TWO GOVERNORS
IN CONF ERENCE:
Chesapeake Bay Fish Supply
Subject of Meeting To-Day
in Washington.

Governor Mann will leave for Wash :
inSton carly to-day to meet Governor
Goldsborough, of Maryland, and Secre-
tary of Agriculture Houston for a
conference In regard to the Chesa-
pcakC Bay fish situation. Very con-
flicting reports have been made from
different sources In regard 10 the run
OF edible Ash in the upper waters of
Chesapeake Bay, a recent government
report being to the effect that the
number had been greatly reduced. Gov
ornnent officials. therefore. started
the machinery in motion to bring
about a conference between the Gov
errors OF the two States with view
of securing uniform legislation for
the protection of certain fish. which
it is reported are now being caught in
large numbers by the menhadcn fishing
fleets and ground up for fertilizer.
preliminary conference was held
n week or two ago. which Cover
nor Mann was unable to attend be
cause of other engagements. Tic was
represented by w. Mcdonald Lee, State
Fish Commissioner.
While In Washington to-day the
Governor expects to transact othe!
business for this State.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1913-10-10
CROOKS GET BUSY
AND ROB VISITORS
Carolina Farmer Says Negro
Knocked Him Down in Broad
Street and Stole Wallet.
P'cKP0cKETs ON CARS
One Man Reports Loss Of Four
r.
PICKPoCKETs ON CARS
One Man Reports Loss of Four
Quarts of Whiskey While
in Elba Waiting-Room.

Reports OF robber;es by pickpockets
and the other thefts. which have been
looked for during fair week. increased
yesterday and last night Most OF
the victims were visitors here from
rural sections
W. Nj Ellis. sixty-six years old. n
farmer, OF Wilson, y. c.. went to po-
lice Headquarters last night shortly
aiter o'clock and said that he had
been knocked down ard robbed OF S23
by negro at Fifth and Broad Streets
NJ 1880 O'Clock. AS that point was
hiied with people at the time, Detec-
tiTe-SerSeant krenEel. who investi-
gated the case. thought Mr. Ellis was
mistaken as 10 the locality, but he
insisted that he was right as TO the
location AT first ne denied that he
had been drinking but later said he
had taken one dram"
Mr. Ellis said that he had the money
in wallet In his trousers parket
that the negro knocked him down.
pocket He exhibited n badly cut
thumb a. result OF the attack
dips" on street Car.
G. \. Miller. Of Barton Heights re-
ported TO Traffic Policeman Sims that
his pocket was picked OF purse CON
tanning - and papers while he was
aboard a Ginter Park car which left
FIRST and Broad Streets at $40 o'clock
w. NJ Long. of Pleasant Hin. Va.
said a pickpocket got his purse con-
tanning - while aboard the same car
Neither could give any information
which Is likely to lead to the arrest
of the thief. as the police were conf
dent the same man robbed Miller and
Long.
Crooks also got busy in the vicinity
Of Elba station. s. J. sullivan. OF Lee
land Station, Va, told Patrolman w
l.. Clarke that his pocket was pic;<cS
OF $40 and a railroad ticket while
he was waiting for train
;. J. Seymour. OF Milford Va. re-
ported that he was robbed or four
quarts Of whiskey while in the wait
nS-room.
Mrs s. Cardwell. OF 400 East CLAY
Street. complained that a jewel ease.
containing six gold pins. two watch
.obs and other articles. ali valued nj
$40. had been stolen from her home.
While he was on hts way 10 the Fair
GROUNDS Yesterday morning. l.. VI. Nance
Of Charles city County was robbed OF s. nc
eordnS TO a report he made % the police
MI Nance was on street car near the
entrance TO the grounds when lie felt soiue
one shoulder him. rs he left the car he felt
IN his pocket to see n he had ~, ,nopav
safe and discovered his loss Us had taken
the precaution, however. to yut money In
another pocket. 80 THAT tho pickpock.t rot
oniy small portion Of what he had brought
with him
&. l.. Lyon. OF 1919 senmes Avenue. South
Richmond reported that he was robbed OF a
sotd watch valued at so.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1913-10-10
FARMER HAD "KNUCKS"
North CaroIinan Gets in Trouble, hut jus
tice John Lets Him on

j. 7. Olson. farmer, OF Elm Guy. X G..
was arratsned In Police Court yesterday
morning on the charge OF carrying conceal
ed weapons. lie Was convicted and ined
800 Dixon, who came here with his wife
and daughter 10 attend the state Fair, was
arrested by Patrolman Porter for being
drunk. When he WIS searched 1T the See
ond Police Station pair OF iron "knucks"
vas found in his pocket. and the additional
charge was lodged against him. Dixon put
up defense ana was led TO tho prisoners
pen.
In few minute. Attorney G X. Pollock
stepped forward and asked for reopcninc
OF the case which Was granted. ana the
prisoner again led before Justice
CrutchAeld. lie appeared mere talka,ive
and explained that he was not In the habit
Of going armed. Il found the knucks in tho
room a, the hotel where am stopping. and
put them IN my pocket merely for FUN lie
said. I've got money" he continued.
and Il you VIII let me off will leave town
right away"
Attorney Pollock made a bargain with the
court That IL IL would dismiss Dixon he
would not charge him anything for defend
ms him. You're on" said Justice John,
and trusted the North carolinian for the
An
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1913-10-10

Charles W. Atkinson, OF 40 West
Broad street, yesterday fled n volun-
tary petition in bankruptcy In the
United States District Court His liza :
bilties arc declared 10 be s2.464.ae and
his assets s2.71e.9s His largest credi-
tors and tho amount OF their claims
are: Il. A. Saunders Sons Company.
5000; rent $500; w. II Harris Grocery
Company, sls4; Thomas =. Deitrick *
Co. sl7l; Harvey Blair, sl66; Richie
son & Crutchfeld, $3.50.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1913-10-10
HELD AS PlCKPOCKET
Man Arrested at Elba station While Ming
ling I'm Crowd

sam Wolf. twenty-five years old who gave
hi- occupation as tailor. was arrested last
night AT III 80 o'clock AT Elba Station By
special Agent cannaday OF tho Richmond
Fredericksburg and Potomac Railroad az
4 pickpocket. He turned over 10 the
police and locked up 1T the Second Police
Station.
Wolf was acting in suspicious manner
ahout the station. where a large crowd of
lar visitors were waiting TO board an ac-
cunInodation train to Ashland. When Can
naday approached him ne started to run
hut the officer was TOO quick and nabhcd
him
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1913-10-10
EIGHT ARE CONVICTED
Draw Combined Sentence ~ Five Years and
Eight Months.

Five years and eight months IN Sail and
pcnitent!ary sentences were. ,neted ou. In
the Hus'ines Court yesterday hy Judge
Richardson y offenders convicted 81 crimes
ranging from assault and battery 10 hous.
breaking The convictions and sentences
follow.
Edna Meciure, a-faui, and battery, thirty
William and Joseph Johnson. housebreak
ing ono year In the peuGtentiary each
fail
james Morris assault, and battery. thirty
days IN jail
Isaiah Reed. Mountaineering. two year, in
the Jen!tentiary.
William burnett nni John sherman. house
breaking. six months In Jail each.