davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Norwich bulletin., 1913-10-16

The Stafford fair had the best day of the three so far as weather was concerned Wednesday, but the attend ance was not nearly as large as on either of the previous days. Monday and Tuesday brought out large crowds but the rain which set in each after noon just as the program was under way disappointed many who went to the fair
 Damage by Storm.
 Tuesdays windstorm tore up tents and hurled baggage across the mid way Hats were carried in all direc- tions across the lots and the cold rain which set in about four o'clock drove everybody who could find a place un- der cover The shows on the Midway Wednesday were not so numerous as on the previous day, but those who remained did a good business.
 The vaudeville performance, which was somewhat incomplete Monday and Tuesday on account of the inclem- encv of the weather, was carried out in it's entirety Wednesday.
 Good Exhibits.
 The hall exhibits were well patron fzed and the awarding of premiums created considerable interest. The awards came in slowly on Tuesday, but most of them were in by We'd nesday noon.
 Fakirs Stayed to the Last.
 The fakirs on the Midway continued to attract those who had money to get rid of in this way and many there are today who are sadder but wiser than before the fair opened. One of the freaks on exhibition was Loretta, child with two heads, three arms, six hands and other peculiar features. Hop, the Chinese frog child, was an interesting character.
 Fewer Visitors.
 The out of town visitors were not very numerous Wednesday, only a few coming in on the regular trains and trolleys and a scattering of auto mobiles from neighboring towns were parked on the grounds. On Colum- bus day between eight and nine hun dred persons bought tickets at the Palmer station for the Stafford fair. Postmaster H. s. Abel, who was knocked down by being run into by one of the race horses on the track Tuesday jumped right up in true man faa1iOn and was in the judges stand seemingly all right in less than ten minutes after the accident. He was around as usual Wednesday and his injuries are not serious.
 A Drawing Card.
 Whittemore's educated bronChos which performed in front of the grand stand pleased many and Sato, the worlds greatest poser, was on his job again yesterday.
 Day Fireworks.
 The day fireworks created a good deal of interest. The stables where the race horses were kept were the scene of many admiring spectators during the day The schools had only one session Wednesday and as chil- dren were admitted free the merry gO-round and other children's amuse- ments came in for their full share of attention.
 Track Heavy.
 On account of the recent rains the track was heavy although it had dried up fairly well by Wednesday after noon when the racing began,
Norwich bulletin., 1913-10-16
E4iqh School Savings Bank.
OBITUARY.

Mrs. MarceIine Coutermanche.
 Mrs. MarceIine Coutermanche, 81, died at the home of MT. and Mrs. Joseph AL lard. Tatem street, Wednesday, Mrs. Conference.-The was born at St. Cyprien P. O., January 5, 1882. She was the mother of Mrs. Allard, with whom she has made her home for some time. Mrs Coutermanche was for many years a resident of DanielSOn
Norwich bulletin., 1913-10-16
RIGID ouARANTH1E DESIRED.
Public More Insietent for This Thar
 for CempuIaery Naesinatien.

fer Compulsory Vaccination,
 The order of the warden and court of burgesses and of the health officer for a general vaccination of persons living in Danielsgn was generally ac- cePted with good grace Wednesday, but. of course. there were objections from those opposed to the practice.
 What the public was demanding Wednesday was a rigid quarantine of all persons suffering from the erup- tive disease that has prevailed in Dan- ielson for several months and of the members of their families, as far as 1t Is possible to carry out such a pro- gram. Afflicted persons have been and were on Wednesday, going about among the people of the. borough. If vaccination Is necessary. as called for by the order issued, so Is the quar- antine, also asked for in the order.
 Dyer street Is one of the sections of the borough where there have been cases of the kind under suspicion and the West Side has developed a big batch of cases since last summer and still has it's share of the trouble. This however, but as much part of Daniel son in fact as any part of the borough. Action by the Brooklyn health author ities is nevertheless necessary to get results on the west side of the bridge.
 The scores of children from that part ol Dal4c4Son NIIo abl0A4d SNIOO4 III t4C borough will of course, be Vaccinated under the order issued but better re- suits could be looked for with a gen eraI vaccination order in force on both sides of the bridge.
 There is no cause for alarm here for the borough authorities have taken an advanced step to check such ser 1 ious troubles as have in the past few days stirred other eastern Connecticut i towns A stringent following out of l the plan outlined for the protection of 1 the people of the borough against 1 chickenpox in a mild form, whatever il l may be, is the object aimed at But | the one thing that everyone seems | agreed upon is an ironclad quarantine 1 put in force tmmediately-the shutting 1 off from communication in an endan- l gering way of all afflicted or exposed l from the trouble.
Norwich bulletin., 1913-10-16
TEXTILE NOVELTY COMPANY
Holds Annual Meeting Tuesday-Six
 Per Cent. Dividend Declared.

The annual meeting of the directors of the Jewett City Textile Novelty company was held in Jewett City on Tuesday. Archie McNtcol was elected president, George H. Pratt vice presi- dent, Dr. J. J. Donahue treasurer Alex McNicoI secretary. The officers and Frank IT. Allen constitute the board of directors. A dividend of per cent was declared.
 Borough Briefs.
 The A. F. class enjoyed a royal good time at the home of Miss Elizabeth Whiting at The Films, Thursday even ing.
 The Mems club of the Congregational church meets at the parsonage this evening, the ladies meeting with them Miss Mary McNfcol and Alex NIcNtc-
Norwich bulletin., 1913-10-16

It is one thing to make soda crackers that are occasionally good.
 It is quite another thing to make them so that they are always better than all other soda crackers, aLuOays of un- Uarying goodness.
 The name "Uneeda stamped on every biscuit means that if a million packages of Uneeda Biscuit were placed before you, you could choose any one of them, confident that every soda cracker in that package would be as good as the best Uneeda Biscuit ever baked. Five cents. NATIONAL BISCUIT COMPANY
Norwich bulletin., 1913-10-16
Attorneys to Submit Briefs,

The case of Cuddy vs. the Uncas Power company, which has been on trial at Putnam and WiIlimantic, was concluded Wednesday morning. when both sides rested, and the attorneys agreed to submit briefs instead of ar guing. Judge Marcus H. Holcomb was on the bench.
Norwich bulletin., 1913-10-16
Talkinn Pictures a Hit.

Edisons talking pictures closed a three day engagement at the Loomer opera house Wednesday with an after noon and evening performance. The pictures proved a good attraction, be- ing shown to large houses
Norwich bulletin., 1913-10-16
raks out Huntina Lioenges.

Hunting licenses were issued We'd nesday to Adelbert L. Grant, Harold C. Lincoln Frank E. Herrick, Horace Brooke, A. l.. Gilman and l.. R. Bryant of Willimantic and Charles L. Crandall of South Windham
Norwich bulletin., 1913-10-16

Attending W. c. T. U. Convention.
 Mrs. Nellie A. Gager, Mrs. Jennie P. Scripture, Mrs Wesley Morse. Mrs. o. D. Brown and Mrs C. L. Clinton left Wednesday to attend the state con- venuon of the Woman's Christian Temperance union at Bridgeport, which will last three days
Norwich bulletin., 1913-10-16
Odds Aaainst Victor.

Victor Murdock is now worrying about the Democratic party. but tha Democratic party has never had to worry much about Victor.-St. Louia Republic.
Norwich bulletin., 1913-10-16
Report Election Expenses.

John R. Pickett and James P. Mus tard, running on the democratic ticket al the recent election. spent So each to insure their victory and Patrick D. Donohue. candidate for registrar, was relieved of $10. Clark o. Terry, George Hatch and George H. Hall laid out nothing. The treasurer of the pro- hibition town committee, Sherwood E. DOolittie, has sworn to his report, which shows S3 received and $1.75 ex- nended for nrinting
Norwich bulletin., 1913-10-16
ATTEMPTED POISONING.
Local Mans Mouth Burned by Milk Into Which CarboIio Had Seen Pour

What looks like an attempted poison ing case was called to the attention of Captain John Murray of the local pc lice Wednesday afternoon A report came in that a two ounce bottle of car boIic acid had been emptied into a quantity of milk in the home of com pIainant and that he had partaken of the poisoned milk. badly burning his tongue as a result
 The bottle was found by the com plainant and turned over to Captain Murray. The label upon it shows that it came from a drug store in Daniel son. but when it had been sold or whether q record was made of the sale had not been determined Wednesday.
 Suspicion rests upon a mill operative as responsible for placing the acid in the milk and he will be called up for
Norwich bulletin., 1913-10-16

and on being informed that the ehim- ney was on fire promptly despatched Champlin A. Weeks a lineman In the employ of the telephone company to the house in an auto. Mr, Weeks had his creepers with him and it Is due especially to his efforts and these of the neighbora that the house was saved The damage to the burned roof and water damage inside will total about Sl2h. covered by insurance.
Norwich bulletin., 1913-10-16
EapeciaIlY Those.

That is to say, Mr Bryan believes Democrats should keep all their ne eagements. including tohse to lecture at $25O to $50 per.-Pittsburgh Ga zette-Times.
Norwich bulletin., 1913-10-16
WILLIMANTIC
What Ia coIno on Tonioh+.

WHat Is OoIna ofI oFIants Court Windham. No. S7. F. of A., 90 t'e enIer Street. - Court Fabre, No. S4s5. l. o. F.. k. of .. HslI
 JDegebetuck Lodge, No. 16, l. o. 0. E., Q. Main Street.
Norwich bulletin., 1913-10-16
Something to be Learned.

Japan is very likely member oR the family of nations, but it must not be too sanguine of its ability to amend the Constitution of the United States by treaty-New York World.
Norwich bulletin., 1913-10-16
All From Missouri.

Representative Hull says the i'm come tax will be a national blessing, but it will take him a long time tn prove it to the people who have tC pay.-St. Louis Republican.
Norwich bulletin., 1913-10-16
LINEMAN PUT OUT BLAZE.
Wfth Help of Neighbors Saved House or Jared Fl. Stearns at Mansfield.

On Tuesday the home of Jared H.
 Stearns of Mansfield caught fire near the chimney on the ell and the strong gale blew the sparks on to the roof of the main building. MT Stearns, who drives to Willimantic every day on his milk route, happened to call his house on the telephone at about that time
Norwich bulletin., 1913-10-16
Brief Mention.

Judge saekett of Andover was here yesterday,
Norwich bulletin., 1913-10-16
Used To Defeats.

Sir Thomas Lipton however, refuses to be discouraged by the recent events in international spOrts.-Detroit Free Press.
Norwich bulletin., 1913-10-16

ol left Wednesday for a, weeks trip up the Hudson to Niagara Falls and oth CT points of interest
Norwich bulletin., 1913-10-16
STAfFORR SPRINGS

Although Handicapped by Bad Weath- CT, Association Gives Good Fair Many Novelties and Amusing Fea- lures
Norwich bulletin., 1913-10-16
Personals.


 A. N. Vaughn went to Boston We'd nesday.
 E. P. Weeks spent Wednesday in Hartford.
 Rev. W. s. Beard is in Boston for a few days.
 Mrs. T. P. Bradway spent Wednes- day in Hartford
 G. V. Smith of West Wilmington spent Wednesday in this city
 Mrs. John Murphy of Andover was local visitor Wednesday. Joseph Boucher was in Stafford Wednesday attending the fair Dr. Charles Royce is attending the dental convention in Hartford Mrs. (. Collins and Mrs. Louis Ar mold were in Hartford Wednesday. Miss Catherine Costello of La5eville is the guest of her mother, Mrs. B. Costello, of Mansfield
 Miss Anna Shea, MT. and Mrs. James Bacon, Mrs. Frank Larrabee, Mrs. Joseph Cotter and daughter Mar suerite and Dr. w. L. Higgins of South Coventry spent yesterday in Hartford
Norwich bulletin., 1913-10-16
Track Heavy.

On account of the recent rains the track was heavy although it had dried up fairly well by Wednesday after noon when the racing began.
 Notwithstanding the bad weather the fair was a success and the associa- ton will probably have small bal enca left over after the bills are paid.
Norwich bulletin., 1913-10-16
OVER s7,5oo IN PREMIUMS

Granted Faithful Operatives in Allan ta Mills. Gordon A. Johnstone, Agent.
Norwich bulletin., 1913-10-16
DANLEL.SON

Pupils Essays Must Be in by Dec. 1st-Hunters to Feast on Roast Pig Public Wants Stricter Quarantine lover $7,50o Premiums in Gordon A. Johnstone's Mill.
Norwich bulletin., 1913-10-16

Colds Cause Headache and Grip.
 Laxative Promo Quinine Tablets re- move cause. There is only one Promo Quinine.' It has signature of k. w. 1--ONE on box. 25c.
Norwich bulletin., 1913-10-16

The plan of Gordon 4. Johnstons,
Norwich bulletin., 1913-10-16
REMOVAL

have removed my business from IS Jackson Place to 521 Jackson Street, where I will pay the highest market prices for Cattle, Poultry, Veal etc.
 Send postal card. Telephone con- nectiOn.
 LYMAN CHASEN, WilIimantic, Ct.
Weekly independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 1887-1914, 1913-12-12
LOvEL0Ck HAS A
DISASTROUS FIRE

Fire which broke out in the Owl
saloon at 2:l5 o'clock this morning
destroyed half a block of buildings
in the heart of the towns business
district. The Big Meadow, which
was Lovelock's principal hotel, was
totally destroyed, together with all
the buildings in the block as far
west as the Northern saloon. The
fire was checked at that point by
the brick walls of the building in
which Harry Lynes conducted the
BANK saloon. This latter was a total
loss. Among the burned buildings
we're the Grand saloon. conducted
by John Shumate. the Owl saloon
and another saloon conducted by
Bennett & Co. The brick walls of
the to the Big Meadow hotel
prevented the flames from spread
ing north and the Lovelock Mercan.
tile company's store and bank were
saved.
The property loss is estimated at
100000, partly covered by insur-
ance. Half the loss will fall on the
Big Meadow Investment company,
which owned the hotel. The princ:-
pal stakeholder in the company is a
woman who lives in San Francisco.
The Hotel was being conducted un-
der lease by W. K. Chadwick. who
is also = heavy loser.
The origin of the fire is said to
have been the explosion of a coal
oil stove in the Owl saloon. The
entire interior was in flames and
before the alarm could be given,
and then practically nothing could
be done to check them, as it and
the adjoining buildings, one of
which was a hotel, were wooden
structures
The Lovclock offices of the West.
ern Union and the Postal we're in
the hotel building, putting the
town out of telgraphic communica.
tiUn with the outside world except
i've the Southern Pacific S wires
end making it very difficult to get
details of the fre.-HumboldtS Star.
Weekly independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 1887-1914, 1913-12-12

F. CO LETT Ss~,rst,rv.
Weekly independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 1887-1914, 1913-12-12
saerease Of Dope FIends.

dug taking is greatly or the In.
EsaJe in London. Somebody recent
3 introduced "hnshccsh" into that
reat city, and so popular has Il be-
ONE that two hashecsh chambers are
ow in full swing not n hundred yards
ron Plccadllly.
Weekly independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 1887-1914, 1913-12-12
structures
Tine Woman In the Case,

"Dlgby. you are worrying about
Some woman" "BImes. / am" 81
knew It! She is constantly In your
thoughts" 81 can't get her out of ny
mind" II wouldn't dream OF askiTA
you TO tell me her name" 81 have
no objections to letting you know her
name. 1t is Mrs. Fruner, my land.
lady. l W. her for six month";
board"
Weekly independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 1887-1914, 1913-12-12
~rhe Good Cord Made Them An"

You doubtless remember the story
Of the old lady who depiUrcd the
shooting OF craps because, though
she didn't know what thoy we're.
life was probably as dear ts .Nrm as
to anybody From The = $50 OF
Being a Woman" ty Ida TO-. EarbelL.
Weekly independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 1887-1914, 1913-12-12
What Made Him ResInned.

A tourist from the east, visiting
al OF prospector in his lonely cabin
tbs hills. commented: And yet
you Sen to cheerful and happy"
Yes" replied the one OF tho pick
and shovel. 81 spent n week In Bos-
ton once, and no matter what hap
pens to me, I've been cheerful evsg
since"
Weekly independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 1887-1914, 1913-12-12
sILence.

a habit OF silence In conversation is
pleasing and wins applause when It
Ia known that the silent one could
talk and talk 90 tho purpose II he
chose.-Leopardi.
The Democratic banner. (Mt. Vernon, Ohio) 1898-192?, 1913-08-26
Wanted, For Sale, &c
Rates cents per line, each inser-
tion. Six words to line.

FOR SALE-One mare and two
Morgan colts. Milton Elliott, Gam
bier, r. ID. /. 2
The Democratic banner. (Mt. Vernon, Ohio) 1898-192?, 1913-08-26
WILL UNFOLD STORY
OF HIS PRIVATE LIFE
SuIzer Expects vindICat.on BY
Court Of Impeachment.

Albany, N. Y, Aug. %. - Governor
Sulzer expects vindication at the
hands Of the court OF impeachment
before which he is to be tried, begin.
ming Sept. 1S. He confded this belie,
to several Of his friends who called
to see him at the executive chamber.
but when they asked him on what
grounds he based this new hope he
refused to state his reason.
Governor Sulzer made the declara-
lion that when he tells the story, his
private life and public career will I'M.
fold and leave nothing of which he
will beashamed He made a statement
to this effect to a Jewish delegation
from Albany which presented HIM
with floral horseshoe.
Governor Sulzer will not stump New
York city in the interest of the elec.
tion of John Purroy Mitchell, the fu.
sion candidate for mayor, as had been
his intention since the Impeachment
proceedings commenced. The COVER
nor has changed his mind and the
reason for the change is the announce.
ment Of Edward E. McCall's willing
ness to accept the Democratic nomi-
nation for mayor. Personal regard
for Mr., Mccall is responsible for the
governors change of mind.
The Democratic banner. (Mt. Vernon, Ohio) 1898-192?, 1913-08-26
KIDNAPPING
Of His Wife Is Charged, Dam.
ages Wanted

Lima, Ohio, August 22-The theft
OF wife by kidnapping is charged to
Charles Lerman, travelling sales.
man, who resides in Lancaster, Ohio,
in sensational alienation suit filed
in Common Pleas Court today by Or.
ley l.. Parks, 81 years old, wealthy
hotel proprietor.
Parks asks for reparaton in the sum
of. 100000
In his petition Parks alleges that
Lehman entered his home on August
8, after paying marked attention to
his wife, and drugged her. He then
induced her to accompany him to
Lancaster, Parks charges.
Lehman is former sweetheart of
Mrs. Parks. On New Years Eve, 1912
she rejected the salesman and mar.
ried Parks after a sensational elope.
ment.
The Democratic banner. (Mt. Vernon, Ohio) 1898-192?, 1913-08-26
MAY PLEAD GUILTY
Drew camInett to Throw Himself On
Murcy Of the Court.


San Francisco. Aug. 23.-There is a
persistent rumor around the federal
court that young Drew Caminetti, son
of the federal commissioner of imml.
grafton. whose trial for violation II
the Mann white slave act is set fol-
newt Tuesday, will p,Nod guilty aud
throw himself on the mercy of the
court.
The excitement caused by Juror
Bliss stating that he had been ap-
preached by Mrs. Charles Lane has
subsidized Her friends say she is a
motherly old woman OF 60, whose
sympathies were much wrought up by
thelgrief OF the elder Mrs, Caminettl.
II occurred to her that Bliss might be
able TO do something to help young
Caminetti, and without any thought of
violating the law she went to the Of
sce OF Bliss, whom she had also
known since he was boy, She Will
probable receive nothing more severe
than a reprimand.
The Democratic banner. (Mt. Vernon, Ohio) 1898-192?, 1913-08-26
LIVE STOCK AND GRAIN
CHICAGO, Aug. %.

CHICAGO, Aug %.
Cattle Beeves. 81 0O@9 49, Texas
steers So 1907 20; stockers and feeders,
S. 5Om7 90: cows and heifers, SO G0MS 90;
calves, SO 00n1l 90
Hogs Light IS 46d9 20; mixed. 81 65
az 10; heavy, SS 50DS S5; rough, 81 50Gp
z 80; pigs, S4 25@S 20.
Sheep and Lambs-Natlve sheep, SO rs
al 30; yearlngs, Sc 00@5 80; native
lambs So 65JS TO-
Wheat-No, red. sS% @s9Hc. Corn
No. ., 7S@7sac. oats-No. white, 43@
1890.
Receipts Cattle, 1900: hogs, $4,000;
sheep and lambs, 5000
CINCINNATI, Aug. 20.
Cattle-Steers, S. O0@S so; cows, So 90
at -; heifers, $4 75@7 20; calves, $4 SO
al 90.
Hogs - Packers, SO 1909 10. common
sows, $4 50W7 SO; pigs and lights, 81 600
S 3f stays, 81 OO@G So
Sheep and Lambs-Shcep, 81 00@4 %;
lambs. 81 01Gp7 10.
Wrcat-No. . red, a3@9ic Corn--No.
2 mixed, 7Sh@79c. Oats-No 2 mixed,
pi4sM L3c, ENg--No. 9, G5MG6c.
Rcccipts-Cattle, 612; hogs, 1911; sheep
and lambs. 5000.
PiTTsBURG, Aug %.
Cattle--Heavy steers, SIS 5000 no; fat
steers, sS 0ods SO; fair steers Sc 500
70; choice heifcrs, 81 75@s s5 cows,
SO 5cGtG 70; butcher bulls, Sc 25m6 G5;
mllch COWS, $50 0omS5 90: calves. $12 00
HOES -Hcaves, 81 SO heavy Workers.,
81 20; light Yoricrs, 50 75; pigs, 80 20.
Sheep and Lambs-Top sheep, IS co.;
tor, lambs, 81 90
Receipts Cattle, 2.1OO; hogs, 1900;
Hhcep and lamlbs, 1000 calves, 200.
CLEVELAND, Aug. 23
C9tte--Cholce fat steers. 81 006DS so;
good To choice steers. 81 75mS 25; heifers
81 OG07 30; cows, SO OOdE so; bulls $5 90
dC6 80; milchcra and springers SIS 00Q
75 90; calves, $11 O00ll 80.
Sheep ana Lambs Sheep steady;
choice spring lnmbs 81 25@7 So
Receipts-Cattle, l5O; hogs, 1000; sheep
and lambs, loo; calves, $50
EAST BUFFALO. Aug %.
Cnttle-Market steady. Calves--S6 00@
Is 80.
Hogs Heavy, 50 1909 90; mixed, 50 so
@9 5', Workers, 50 26@9 Go; PIGS 50 1h0
. s6; roUghs. IS 00@S l5 stags 81 600
7 80: dalries. 50 oO@9 GO
Sheep and Lambs YcariIngs, 81 500
20, wethers, So l00p5 25: ewes SO 500
I5' mixed sheep 81 i5d5 90; lambs,
IS h0MS 10.
Rece!pts-Catte 1875; rogs. 1000; sheep
and lambs, 400; calves, $50.
BOSTON, Aug, 2s.
Wool; Ohio and Pennsylvania Xxx. 400
1910; de.dine washed 27@2sc; three
esRhths and half blood combing, 2ic: de-
lc Inc unwashed, 22c; fine unwashed, 2e@
&c.
TOLEDO, Aug. %.
Wheat, a2Hc corn. ?Sc: oats. 44c; clo-
veraeCd Ss RA
The Democratic banner. (Mt. Vernon, Ohio) 1898-192?, 1913-08-26
WOOL SCHEDULE
STIRS UP SENATORS
La Toilette Offers Substitute,
While Others Attack Bill.

Washington, Aug. 23-The senate
struggled for hours with the wool
schedule Senator Warren addressed
the senate in condemnation of the
rates in the bill, declaring that the
cuties carried In the pending measure
would destroy the woolgrowing indus
try of the intermountain states. Sen.
ator Penrose of Pennsylvania also
talked on the wool duties and con.
demned the bill.
The attacks on the Democratic sub.
stitute for schedule X were not con-
fined. however. to the regular Repub-
licans. Senator LaFollette introduced
a substitute carrying duty of 15 per
cent on raw wool and corresponding
duties on manufactures of wool. 1t is
expected the closest vote on wool will
be on the LaFollette substitute.
Senator Warren stirred up a com.
motion when, In his speech, he stated
that he had asked the Democratic
leaders why they had not defended
their bill in speeches and was told by
one Of them: I'VE do not have to
talk; we have the votes" "How did
they get the majority they now
have?" inquired the senator. "Was 1t
by what they promised to do, or by
promising to do what they are now
doing?" Senator Warren tried to
demonstrate that the Democrats had
not kept their pledges.