The Prince George's enquirer and southern Maryland advertiser. (Upper Marlborough, Md.) 1882-1925, 1913-05-16
MARYLAND.

The thirte enth census of the
United States contains the fol-
lowing information about Mary
land:
Historical Note-Maryland was
named in honor of Henrietta
Maria, queen consort of Charles
of England.
The first white man to explore
the region now constituting
Maryland was Capt. John Smith,
who sailed up Chesapeake Bay
in 1908.
The region was covered by
the several charters of Virginia
(1606-1612), but, none of the
land within its limits was grant
to settlers by the Virginia
authorities. In 1851 William
c airborne, a Virginian, establish
ed a trading post on Kent Island
in Chesapeake Bay. He had no
grant of land, but had been
given a license by Charles | to
trade in those parts of the Eng
lish possession in America for
which patents had not been issu-
ed. The result of his occupation
of Kent Island was territorial
quarrel between Virginia and
Maryland which lasted more
than 20 years.
In 1852 a charter was granted
by Charles l to Cecilius Calvert,
second Lord Baltimore, as re-
suit of the endeavors of George
Calvert, his father, who died
just before the patent was is
sued. The grant conferred on
the proprietor possession of the
area now comprising Maryland,
Delaware, and a large part of
Pennsylvania and of West Vir-
ginia. On March 81, 1854, a
settlement was made, under the
leadership Of Leonard Calvert,
brother of Lord Baltimore, at St.
Mary's, in the southern part of
the colony, between Chesapeake
Bay and the lower Potomac.
The primary motive of Calvert
in founding the colony was to
provide an asylum for persecut-
ed Catholics, and from the be-
ginning religious liberation was
the established custom of the
colony.
The charter granted to Cal,
vert made Maryland a palatinate
and conferred practically royal
power on the proprietor. 1t re-
served to the crown only feudal
supremacy. In 1858 the right to
initiate legislation, which until
then had been claimed by Lord
Baltimore. was conceded to the
people, the proprietor reserving
to himself the mere veto power.
In 1649 the assembly passed
the famous Act of federation In
1862 the colony was seized by the
commissioners of Parliament.
but it was restored to Lord
Baltimore in 1867.
At some time prior to 1850 a
company of Puritans from Vir-
ginia settled at Providence, now
Annapolis, and in that year, be-
cause of their turbulence and by
way of Cancellation. their settle
ments were organized as Anne
Arundel County.
In 1859 an association of
Protestants, under the leader
ship of John Coode, seized St.
Mary's and assumed control of
the government in the name of
William and Mary of England.
In 1851 King William approved
this act and deprived Lord Bal
timore (son of the original pro-
prietor) of his political power
and privileges, but not of his
property rights. In 1715 the
province was restored to the fifth
Lord Baltimore.
The boundaries between Mary
land and Pennsylvania and be-
tween Maryland and Delaware
were long a subject of contro-
versy, until, in 1760, an agree
ment was reached. A few years
later the lines were surveyed.
By the charter of 1852 the for
tieth parallel was made the
northern boundary of Maryland,
but the line-known as Mason
and Dixon's line-was finally
fixed at about latitude 80 degrees
and 43 minutes.
Maryland was one of the orig
inal thirteen states.
The population of Maryland
is 1895, 346.. Compared with a
population of 1888, 044 in 1900,
this represents an increase dur