davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1913-11-28
Easy to Start Beekeeping.

AS a hobby, or diversion, or some
thing outside of regular employment,
or in connection with berries, fruit or
poultry, beekeeping is a good thing
for women, as it is for almost every-
one else. The cost of a good colony
OF Italian bees in modern hive need
not be more than $40, and, while the
average surplus yield will not be more
than 36 pounds, they may yield in a
single season as much as $50 pounds.
Probably the most economical and
satisfactory way for the beginner,
says Farm and Home, will be to get
the hive fully equipped from the man
ufacturer, and have a swarm put into
1t by some neighbor between NAV Is
and June l before the flow of honey
from clover begins. If they are not
pure, buy an Italian queen and intro
duce her to the colony after removing
the old queen. As the queen is the
mother OF all the bees in hive, and
as the average life of the worker-bee
is but 45 days, all will be changed to
yellow, gentle Italians before winter.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1913-11-28
Fish Travel Far.

The distance fish travel is described
in the Scottish Fishery Board blue
book, issued recently. A female plaice
travelled 215 miles in three months,
and another $50 miles in two months.
The first fish moved from the Firth of
Forth to a point forty-seven miles
east OF the Spurn lightship. The fish
were, with numbers Of others, marked
and liberated in order to obtain data
regarding their migration. An inter-
esting fact discovered at experiment.
tai stations in the Firth of Forth and
Moray Firth Is that. among the plaice
the females predominant more and
more according to the size of the
fish, until at sizes over twenty inches.
males are scarcely to be found. II ia
calculated from inquiries of fishing
catches since 1905 that, except in the
cases of codling, small lemon soles.
and small plaice. there are unmis-
taxable signs of decrease in the
numbers Of trawl-ash.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1913-11-28
HOW TO TREAT FIREBLIGHT
Details Given In Oregon Agricul-
tural College Bulletin.

Oregon Agricultural College, Cor
vallis-Fireblight is the most serious
disease that attacks apple and pear
trees, and occurs in nearly every part
of the United States where those
fruits are grown. When its cankers
girdle the branches they cause the
leaves to turn black, as though caused
by fire, and often to remain on the
tree throughout the following winter.
Fireblight is caused by bacteria, and
myriads of germs are present in all
freshly blighted parts of the tree in
the sticky ooze from running cankers.
While cutting out infected parts and
disinfecting them is the standard
treatment recommended, the details of
this work when done effectively are so
many and different that it takes many
pages of instruction and illustration to
make it plain to the fruit growers.
This detailed information is contained
in circular bulletin No. z, crop pest
series No. /, revised and brought to
date by Professor H. S. Jackson, head
of the plant pathology department of
the Oregon Agricultural college. The
bulletin may tbe had free of cost by
addressing a request for it to secre-
tary of experiment station, Corvallis,
Oregon.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1913-11-28
FAvoRITE DISH IN ORIENT
Saffron PLAT, Mainly Composed Of
Rice, Considered Great Delleacy
In the Far East.

This Is also called wedding pilaf,
because 1t is invariably made and
served during wedding dinners and
other great occasions in the Orient.
1t Is composed Of two parts, the first
being plain pilaf, which should be
made before the second part Is COM
menced. For this first part:
Ingredients: Five cupfuls Of stock.
two cupfuls Of rice, two tablespoonfuls
putter, salt and pepper.
Method-In a deep vessel roast well
the rice In the butter and add the
broth. Season to taste and boil over
strong fire. When nearly done
slaeken the fire and cover the pilaf
with piece of muslin under the lid
OF the vessel in order to prevent the
water from the steam falling back into
the vessel. After five or ten minutes
stir the rice lightly with a perforated
spoon and put into hot oven till all
moisture has evaporated and the rice
remains almost dry.
Put this aside where it will remain
warm and proceed to make the second
part of the pilaf
Ingredient: Three cupfuls water,
one cupful Of rice, two pinches Of SAT-
from. two tablespoonfuls of rose water.
half a cupful Of sugar.
Method-Put the washed rice and
the sugar together in a deep vessel
and boil over moderate fire till near
ly done. Add the sugar, also the
saffron (Which must have been soaked
IN the rose water for twenty-four
hours) and mix well. When the rice
is well cooked the pilaf may be con-
sidered done. when 1t should be poured
over the first part of the dish. Serve
IN deep plate. If the entire quantity
Is not to be used at one time then
1t is advisable to keep the sections
separate and heat separately, mixing
just before serving.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1913-11-28
Frightening Faded Goods,

Hang acess clothesline, moisten
all the very soiled places, and rub
with soap. Then turn the hose on
them. You can turn the hose of while
you rub the soiled places a little be-
tween your hands. Then turn on the
hose again. drain and dry. They will
then be sweet and clean.
Potato water Is excellent for bright
ening shabby carpets. The carpets
should first Of all be shaken we'll and
beaten, then scrape half a dozen good
sized potatoes as finely as possible
into bucket which Is half full of
warm water. Strain this, wiring a
cloth out Of the water, and give the
carpet good rub all over. rinsing fre
Quently.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1913-11-28
Clean Up the ROadways
and the Fence Corners.

Oregon Agricultural College, Cor
Wallis, Or. - Many harmful insects
may be destroyed and many others
rendered homeless by clearing up the
decaying plants and rubbish that COL
lect in hooks and trails about the
farm, according to the following state
ment issued by Professor A. L. Lovett,
assistant entomologist of the college
experiment station.
"a number of our destructive insect
pests pass the winter in the grass and
rubbish that are allowed to collect
along the roadways and in the fence
corners. To clean up these unsightly
places requires but little time, adds
very materially to the appearance of
the entire farm and will pay very we'll
indeed by decreasing the number of
insect pests next spring.
Rubbish and crop refuse on the
cultivated fields also serve as place
for the Information of insects and
afford sufficient food for late maturing
forms to develop. All debris and
refuse tops and roots of this season. +
crop should, by all means, be collected
and burned. Such pests as cutworms,
slugs, root maggots, plant bugs, plant
lice, and many forms of leaf eating
insects will be destroyed, and of those
remaining, their chances for passing
safely through the winter are consid.
erably lessened.
"Do it now!''
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1913-11-28
FAHOUo BOARDWALK

chase price of real estate along the
most desirable blocks, from Maryland
avenue to Michigan avenue. is $4,000
front foot
Sunday on tho Boardwalk.
Sunday is the big day Of the week
on the boardwalk On that day the
shopkeepers and amusement propri-
etors expect to do nearly as much
business as in the other six put to-
gether. But there is one block that
is always closed on the Lords day;
it is owner by Philadelphia Quakers,
who value their religion more than
gain, and renters of their property
take 1t on this condition.
obvious "bums," technically 30
called, are forbidden the thoroughfare.
Likewise shabby people. This does
not mean that honest poverty is ex-
cluded-the boardwalk being one Of
the most democratic Of streets-but
that ragged folks are discountenanced.
Even the chair pushers. all OF whom
are colored men. are required to dress
themselves neatly. 1t is desired that
the roadway shall present at all times
an attractive appearance, and rags are
dishguring. Beggars are absolutely
barred. The policing OF the boardwalk
is extremely strict, and at midnight
or in the small hours Of the morning
woman traversing 1t Is as safe from
annoyance as at high noon.
From dusk until dawn the board
walk is brilliantly lighted by arc lights
and by festoons of incandescent cleo
trio bulbs strung at frequent intervals
across the thoroughfare. The illu-
minative effect is both attractive and
beautiful.
AS already implied, the regulations
governing the boardwalk are very rig
idly enforced. Special rules apply to
the pushing of wheeled chairs. No
pusher is allowed to hasten the speed
of his chair beyond the pace Of slow
walk, and he is not permitted under
any circumstances to go ahead Of
the chair In front Of his in the end
less procession that continually trav-
erses the thoroughfare. Grabbing" is
positively forbidden-this term signi-
flying the picking up of a casual pas
senger en- route The pusher must first
go back to the chair stand after relin-
gushing a customer.
The boardwalk here described con-
meets with similar plank roadway
that runs along the shore through
Ventnor. Margate City and Longport.
With this extension, now almost COM
plete, 1t covers a distance of nine
miles. stretching almost the entire
length of the island on which Allan
tic City stands.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1913-11-28
Pies of Many Kinds.

Several varieties of pies, some of
them not frequently met with, are rec
commended for change by Clara Kel-
ley in Farm and Home. They are
made according to the following re-
cipes:
Transparent pie = To cup butter
add cups sugar, pint sweet cream,
teaspoon lemon extract, eggs,
whites and yolks beaten separately.
Bake very slowly. Enough for 2 large
pies. Should be baked with one crust.
Cocoanut pie - Dissolve 2 table,
spoons corn starch in pint milk, add
! cup sugar, l beaten egg, ! cup
shredded cocoanut, and / cup more of
milk. Cook until thick and pour into
baked crust. Spread with meringue.
Vinegar pie - Line a pie tin with
pastry and fill with this mixture: To
! cup sugar and 2 heaping teaspoons
flour sifted together, add teaspoon
butter, ! cup vinegar, teaspoon Gin
namon and 2 cups water. Boil all to-
gether until thick, then pour in pie
tin. Bake with one crust.
Lemon pie - Juice and grated rind
of lemon, l tablespoon corn starch, /
cup boiling water, cup sugar, l egg,
piece butter size egg. Dissolve corn
starch in little cold water, then pour
on 1t the cup of boiling water, stirring
starch all the time; add sugar and
butter and stir we'll when cool; add
the well-beaten egg, then the lemon,
when it is ready to put in the crust.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1913-11-28
When starchIna cIothes.

Put into the starch little soda to
keep 1t sweet, and teaspoonful of
glycerin, which imparts a dainty gloss
to collars and cuffs. Clothes starched
with this mixture can stand for 86
hours without the least danger Of mil
dew.
II a glossy starch is added to the
ordinary lump starch used for dark
prints, the pieces may be easily ironed
on the right side without making any
visible change in the appearance of
the material. which is noticeable when
Ironing dark red. blue and black prints
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1913-11-28
FARM zN1 .4!' ORCHARD
Notes and Instructions from Agricultural Colleges and Experiment Stations
Oregon Washington Specially Pacific Conditions

of high class milk for city trade is de-
sired, no breed surpasses the Guern-
sey. Guernsey milk is highly colored
and excellent favored. In sections
where there is an abundance of cheap
feed, and milk is to be produced for
condensing or cheese making, no other
breed equals that veritable milk ma
chine, the Holstein. Under more rug
ged pasture conditions where a good
quantity of milk is desidred without
heavy grain feeding, the Ayrshire is
the COW that best fills the BILL"
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1913-11-28
Decided Venus Had AdenoId..

The extent to which the modern
child is educated in matters of hy-
giene appears from a recent enjsoda
In Boston school:
The class had visited the art mu.
scum and the teacher wished tn ,earp
what the children, had observed
and how they were impressed The.
subject OF the moment was the ex-
Quisite head Of Aphordite. one Of the.
chief treasures Of the museum. A lit.
tie boy. who frantically waved bis
hand, was called upon. He announced
triumphantly: Il noticed she had ad.
enoidsl" why, Peter" exclaimed
the shocked teacher. what do YOU
meanT She keeps her mouth open
al the time." was the reply.-Youth's.
Companion.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1913-11-28
Tea "Dalntlos,n

Take two cups of powdered sugar,
half a cup of butter, cup of sweet
milk. the whites of four eggs, tea.
spoonful Of lemon extract, two tea.
spoonfuls of baking powder, and -four
enough to make soft batter. Beat
this batter hard for ten minutes be-
fore putting into heated patty tins
Bake quickly and allow to cool, then
ice with a soft icing made from
whites Of eggs mixed with enough
powdered sugar to make 1t stiff.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1913-11-28
Principal Use of Each
Breed of Dairy Cattle,

Oregon Agricultural College, Cor
vallis-"There are only four breeds of
special dairy cows that are really
worth considering by dairymen of this
state" says DR.. James Withycombe,
director of the college experiment sta
tion. "These four are the Jersey,
Guernsey, Holstein and the Ayrshire.
Each of these breeds possesses su.
perior adaptability to certain condi.
tions.
ION the small farm or on high
priced land where the production OF
butter fat is the principal object the
Jersey is the best If the production
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1913-11-28
Fruit Salad.

Cut q slice from the top Of q pine
apple. Scoop out the inside. discard
tough center portion and shred the
remainder. Add bananas cut in small
pieces. Sweeten with powdered sugar.
reill pineapple case. cover and send
to table In its original shape.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1913-11-28
Potatoes Baked on Ranas.

Potatoes may be baked on top of the
range. Place an asbestos mat on top
of the range, and on this lay the po-
tatoes, previously washed clean and
dried. Cover with deep pan. and in
one hour yau may eat a potato that
IL just bursting with mealiness. Turn
them around occasionally.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1913-11-28
Washington State College Notes

The first requisite for successful
bread-making is good, active yeast,
and it makes little difference whether
the source is compressed or dried yeast
cake, or "starter. The main thing
is that it should be active and not
soured by chills or draughts. By
using good, active yeast and proper
methods, good bread can be made from
any flour. The best temperature for
the development of yeast is about
eighty-two to ninety degrees Fahren-
heit.
Here is a good way to prepare
yeast: Crate one-fourth of pound
of potatoes; add one quart of boiling
water; stir thoroughly. Next, add
three ounces of sugar, one ounce of
salt, and finally, when the tempera-
ture has fallen to blood heat, add one
cake of crumbled dry yeast cake, and
stir. Cover snugly, set aside in warm
place from air currents, and leave it
there to ferment over night. The fol-
lowing morning, this mixture should
contain much yeast foam on the sur
face. Strain, and add enough water
to meet the required absorption of the
flour.
If a "starter" is used, instead of
the above proportions, use four ounces
of sugar, and one-fourth ounces of
salt, and follow the above directions.
The next morning save out half pint
and place it in jar, which set away
in cool place ready to use the
starter. The remaining pint and a
half of yeast preparation is strained
and diluted with the required amount
Of water.
The use of too little water is the
most prevalent cause for failure to
make good bread. The dough should
be sufficiently slack to nearly cling to
the hand. A stiff dough is slow to
rise, and in, case fermentation is pro-
longed, it will sour and never spring
in the oven. Dough of proper con-
sistency will rise rapidly and develop
into "well piled" loaves of good text
ure when baked. 1t is better to use
too much water than too little, for in
the former case, the time of ferment-
alton can be shortened and baking
prolonged to dry off the excess water.
Upon mixing, if the dough is too stiff,
it is possible to overcome this by add
ing more water and working it gently
and thoroughly.
How to handle dough: "Mix one
pound of flour with all of the yeast
and water, either with spoon or bread
mixer. Let it stand few minutes,
and then for few gradually work in
the remina!ng two and three-quartel
pounds of flour. Never force the -four
to take up the water. If the hands
are used, the dough should be partly
lifted and half turned toward or away
from you. The mixing operation
should be continued until all the in.
gradients have been thoroughly mixed.
The same precaution should be exer.
cised in kneading the rising dough.
Knead gently and thoroughly until the
large gas pockets have been worked
out. A thorough mixing followed by
two gentle kneadings is best with
some fiours, while with others the
mere handling in the last kneading to
shape into loaves gives the best re.
suits. If the mixing, kneading, and
other operations are done with force,
there is danger of lessening the activ.
ity OF the yeast, in which cases the
dough fails to rise.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1913-11-28
To Clean LInoleum,

Rub linoleum over with q cloth
wrung out in turpentine-damp. not
wet. Then polish 1t with beeswax and
turpentine, or one of the floor pol
ishes now being sold.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1913-11-28
BRIGHT Red Catsup.

One peck of ripe tomatoes cooked
and strained, one pint of vinegar, one
and a half cups of sugar. Put in a
cloth, two tablespoons Of clover, one
half tablespoon Of allspice, two table
spoons of salt, four tablespoons of
cinnamon, one-quarter teaspoon of
cayenne pepper. Cook all day until
Of right thickness.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1913-11-28

n HE boardwalk as Atlsntic City
is one of the most famous
streets in the World. 1t is
likewise one Of the most i'm
The Red Cloud chief., 1913-04-17
PROFITABLE WEIGHT OF PIGS
should Not Be Fed After ReaehIna
Ago Of Nine Months-Money In !
Young Animals.

Experiments made for the purpose
OF determining the economic weight
OF a pig show conclusively that he
meyer should be fed beyond eight or
nine months old. and the largest proft
Is found. as rule. In q weight not ex.
ceeding 200 pounds. What is known
as the food Of support. says q writer
In the Farm and Home. plays q very
important part in the profit or loss
OF large weights.
Suppose. as many farmers say. that
q pig Is not to be killed until he
reaches 300 pounds. He must take
from his food an increasing amount
each day to support or maintain the
weight already gained. or else he
drops back. The experiments indi-
cate that 2 per cent. Of the live weight
In food must be taken each day to
support that live weight.
II the animal weighs 300 pounds
this amounts to six pounds of food
daily, or over 40 pounds per week:
and as the only profit Is the food that
is applied to make new weight, 1t re.
suits that over 40 pounds of food
are consumed per week from which
no profit whatever Is reaped. It fol.
lows that the most money can be
made from young hogs killed at
medium weight.
The Red Cloud chief., 1913-04-17
TREATING SHEEP SCAB
Dip Made Of Tobacco or Coal
Tar Is Preferred.
Warm water 10 Better Than Cold, 90
Former Cuts Grease and Allows SO.
tuition to Get to All Parts OF
Animals Skin.

Dipping in q reliable dip Is the
proper treatment for sheep afflicted
with sheep scab.
Use a dip made OF lime and sui.
phur. tobacco and sulphur. or one OF
the coal tar dips.
Remove all sediment from the lime
and sulphur dip. as 1t injured tho
wool.
Tobacco dips should never be
boiled.
For a general dip u tobacco or coal
tar preparation is to be preferred to
lime and sulphur, as u lime and sui
phur dip has little effect In destroy
ing the sheep tick or louise.
A fresh solution should be used for
the second dipping. This Is absolutely
essential II tho lime and sulphur or
the tobacco and sulphur are to bo
used.
Mix the dip well In the vat.
Il IL better to use warm water than
cold water In dipping sheep. as warm
water cuts the grease and allows tho
dip to get to all parts Of the skin OF
the animal.
The correct temperature for a
dip is from 100 to 105 degrees Fab.
renheit.
Sheep can be dipped in the winter
IL warm days are selected for that
purpose.
II the sheep are badly afflicted with
scab. the thick scabs should be soft
ened previous to tho dipping OF tho
sheep by pouring some Of the dip on
these places and rubbing them with
some smooth instrument. or the scabs
The Red Cloud chief., 1913-04-17
STARTING OF SEEDS INDOORS
Soil Must Be Kept Warm and MolstI
but Not Too Wet-Avoid Crowd
ino Of Planto.

Shallow boxes or flats are consid
cred best for starting seeds indoorA
but pots do not take up 80 much
room. and are less unsightly. 20 for
starting Just a few seedlings or to try
choice seeds we often use pot,
writes Lulu q. Parker in the Farmers
Wife. We have started pansy and
other seedlings often in the big pots
In which rubber plants or oleanders.
or other things which do not shade
the soil. are growing.
Tho soil must be kept warm and
moist, but not wet. For this purpose
a piece OF glass over the top Of the
pot will help to hold tho moisture. but
this glass must be tilted up some
what I'm order to let In some air or
the soil will sour and the seedlings
mold or damp on.
Sirt the soil for the top layer and
cover the seeds about twice as deep
as tho seed IL thick. Press the soil
firmly over tho seeds with the palm
Of the hand or little board before
giving water 80 that they will not be
washed out For very flne seed It will
be n good plan to spread a damp cloth
over the soil and then sprinkle the
water on the cloth until the seeds be.
gin to sDrout. -
After the seeds begin to sprout they
must be kept In the lightest window
and never allowed to get too dry or
to grow too crowded.
The rest depends upon the seed II.
self. therefore always buy from Q
reputable scotsman.
The Red Cloud chief., 1913-04-17
MOVING MACHINE IS UNIQUE
Object 10 to Provide Bars That May
Adapt Themselves to Uneven.
ness In the Ground.

The Scientific American in describ
ing a moving machine invented by A.
J. Anderson Of 20 Greenwich street.
New York, says:
This machine is self.propelled and
is provided with new and useful
means for controlling the cutter bar
frame. The principal object is to pro.
vide q machine having Q plurality Il
bars thereon. tho frame carrying the
bars being more or less loosely con.
structed whereby these bars may
adapt themselves to unevenness in the
ground when the machine II in use.
The Red Cloud chief., 1913-04-17
Best Crop Farm.

The boys and girls Of the farm In.
terested in fern life and agriculture
mean more to the country than Lrofit.
able crops of wheat. oats and live
stock. II the young people are inter.
ested In farm life 1t means they will
take charge Of the work of the farm
and become useful and valuable citi.
Gems. They have no desire to move
to town and lose themselves in the
city. They recognize the beautiful
side as we'll as the profitable side Of
farm life. Too much attention cannot
be given to the boys and girls. They
should be made partners with mother
and father. and their every question
relative to plant and animal life an.
swered. In this way they will see
deeper than the surface, and will take
pride In the work they are doing