davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1913-10-27

II Il IL the fear OF pain that In
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Danish tho idea. For we have
originated n system by which wo
can remove tho most sensitive
nerves or teeth without hurting you
n bit
As 70 cost our prices are from
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Gold Crown for 81 90. or one OF our
famous Never slip Plates for $500.
We pin a guarantee 10 every re-
ceiptod bill that protects you.
signed by both tho operator and
manager.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1913-10-27

. Best modern outside rooms, 25c
to soc. Stewart House, SO West
observation-disclosures.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1913-10-27

Get the Rosery Flower Shop
prices on Cut Flowers and Designs
Elliott 424f.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1913-10-27

To Cure q Cold In One Day
Take LAXATIVE BEoxo ouISiSE Tab
lots Druggists refund nensr n " fails
10 cure y W. GROVES signature 10 on
zach cnr
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1913-10-27
SWALLOWS MERCURY

LOS ANGELES. Oct 27.-Mrs.
Edna Mcconnell. 81. separated from
her husband. committed suicide
Sunday by swallowing mercury.
The Salt Lake tribune. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1890-current, 1913-02-02
Statistics Are Given.

And however startling this announce
ment may be. IL nevertheless will not he
seriously questioned, even by the So
called smoke experts, after they have eN-
arnlned the records showing the Length!
md date and density OF the smokes and
fogs which are maintained by the United
states weather bureau In this city In
connection with tho statistics OF popuIa-
non end coal consumption srowths. As
shown By the accompanying fog table.
compiled by the government records.
there vas = total of twenty Ave davs on
which q light dense fog or smoke
occurred. during the eleven years end
ING December 81, 1901. or an average ol
viii well remember, those were whole
sorns hzlcyon days Indeed for salt LAX.
City, when the winds we're welcoiu I'd
only for what they brought and not al
all for what they we're able 10 carry
During the succeeding eleven Nearl
which ended With December, 1912, there
was total OF 22t foggy or smoky days
sn average of "A trtiie more than twenty
foggy days per year. or Just ten time.
n, many a. In the fret eleven year per-
iod. Before 1907 our logs and smoke,
occurred only In December, January anc
February; but since 1909 they have beer
almost az frequent IN March. Octob,i
and November md Scvcrsl have actual,
occurred in summer. The climate IL nO
changing, Tor no meteorological element
hss changed eppreciably except the den
sity and length and frequency OF tn
cogs end smokes.
Tow tbs AGureg ot ccal consumption "
tbs otty e. complied in part by th'
The Salt Lake tribune. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1890-current, 1913-02-02
Factory and Residence Smoke

Now. before we call in the astronomers
10 explain just what great sidereal or
celestial readiustment took place In 1907
that might cause this increase In foggl-
ness and smol.iness (Which. by the way,
occurs almost exclusively in the winter
time, let US get away from the peculiar
Illusion Of tho senses and tradition that
large furns ces are 80 graVely reSpon-
black cloud rolling away from q chimney
top pointed out 10 us with the remark,
There ~ the root OF the smoke evil, :
and yet. J repeat. these very volumes OF
furnace smoke from factorE. apartment
house. skyscraper, department store, and
engine are the very least In Importance
IL considering tho fog OF smoke nuisance
In Salt Lake CITY, and In almost all cities
as We'll. for that matter.
The compilations Of the coal conpanlcs
which tally perfectly with the 3hipplhe
statistics OF the railways. show that on
The average about so per cent OF the coal
used In Salt Lake City is lump coal. and
20 per cent slack and minc run The lump
coal is used TN the household stoves IN
the residence section. the slack Is used
railroad engines and yards. \ little hne
coal goes 10 the residence district. but IT
Is Just about offset by the amount OF
lump coal that Is used down town, 50
that from lnControVerublc direct eI :,
dence We find the "blg bclchinc stack
to be responsible for but one nth Of The
trouble. aud on closer technical cNainina-
tion NC nnd this figure FAR too great, tor
with automatic Stokcrs and professional l
firemen feeding the furnace hrcs. all
scientific writer's and StuG!oGs engineers
are agrced-thcre are 40 dlssenters-that
the wasted fuel IL much greater among
the households. where practically all coNl
IS top fed on a draught that carries tne
dlslntegIatlng but unblunt coal mp the
fluo into the air, than in the downtown
The Salt Lake tribune. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1890-current, 1913-02-02
Smoke From Smelters.

At Great Falls. Mont, the world-fa-
nous smelter stack rises higher than
any other scenery for long wind dis
tance, yet with us in tho Salt Lake val
ley tho smoke never gets away with less
than n ifteen-mile wind, and one that
IS maintained for some time, which Is
very unusual occurrence.
Tho Salt Lske valley. because Of IT'S
confieuration, Is probably the most log
ical place In the west for q beautiful
city and a prosperous farming COM
munity: yet It Is probably the most
Inappropriate place In all the world for
an ore smelter, so far as the dust and
fumes and gases are concerned.
And in closing. remembering that
southerly winds blow over Salt Lake
City at an average rate Of six or seven
miles per hour from or 10 p. m, to 3
or 10 a. IN. every day; and that our
wretched reputation for smoke and fog
dates abruptly with the year 1902, the
further fact must he here recorded that
tho Murray smelter activities date from
tho summer OF 1902. tho Midvale smelter
began operations October I. 1907 and the
Highland Boy smelter was in operation
from May 1898. to January, 1908,
1t most certainly appears from direct
and clrcumstantlal evidence that 1t was
the smelters that taught the young lady
10 Smoke"
The Salt Lake tribune. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1890-current, 1913-02-02

which IL not collected In 4 bag houno at
Murray, is also very hygroscopic and alb
serbs moisture with great rapidlty from
the air, thus lending It's assistance IN the
fog torma tlon, IN even o. more effective
manner than do the non -hygroscopic
smoke particles that como from our fur
mace fires. The amount Of fine dust.
tho aneter chimneys is enormous beyond
ordinary comprehension: while 3IS,0O0
tons OF coal were consumed in Salt Lake
CITY last year, there were about $4,000
tons OF orc coal. lime, coke and other
ingredients that are used In the smelter
furnace charge, conaumed during the
same period. or two and one-quarter
times as much solid matter as the coal
in Salt Lake City amounted to. And the
taching 10 themselves tho moisture par
ucles because OF the nero condensation,
this dust alone adds immeaaiirably TO the
atmospheric dust that assists the sui
phur in the fog formation.
An estimate of the age amount OF
smelter smoke In the valley places 1t at
10 per cent or Is por cent obscurstlon at
1000 feet, ranging from none on days OF
long steady. hard winds 10 % per cent
or 30 per cent, or even so per cent In
limited localities, or swat1s, on quiet
days. especially over Salt Lake City
where the ''haze' is trapped In the curve
Of the hills. This value would be near
were not for the fact that tho Salt Lake
valley rigidly confines the fumes. Small
quantities OF the fumes got over the
mountains, and as has been Indicated, q
wind OF tho proper strength and dirsc-
ton occurs only few times a. month
The Salt Lake tribune. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1890-current, 1913-02-02
View of Engineer.

An engineer writing recently for tho
new edition Of the Encyclopcdia Britan-
Mica. says the downtown furnace. even
with modern appliances. uses on the
average about twice as much coal as ls
necessary. and thai the consumption in
the residences is six times as great as
| necessaryi And from this evidence we
deduCe that there is three times as much
smoke from a ton of coal burned IN the
residence as there is from ton burned
I'm the downtown automatlcally--or caro-
fuly-red furnace. Therefore. out or
every loo tons of coal used in Salt Lake
CITY. eighty tons OF IL lin the residence
sectiom is producing twelve times as
much smoke az the other twenty tons
is producing downtown.
The big downtown furnace. with Its
picturesque smoke trail, is actually en-
IS heaped upon II. when judged by these
figures. Yet. before leaving the FUR
nates TO their calumniators. the further
fact must be presented that the draught
IN the large stacks. together with the
greater heat Of the smoke In them. are
Influences which carry the smoke much
higher than the smoke from tho resi-
dence chimney. and thus it more quick
Iv reaches the much swifter winds at
the greater attitudes, and Is thus sooner
carried away. and several visits TO the
benches north and east OF the city In
the early morning before the city fires
were built. from where the interesting
smoke Kaleidoscope could be watched
have shown conclusively that not only
does the furnace smoke rise TO about
twice tho height testimated at about
1000 feet of the mass Of the residence
from street to street is much less
homogeneous and that, since 1t is higher,
IL is carried away much more rapidly.
or course. only n swath OF smoke from
the residences (aoout three to Ave hun
dred feet deep estimated) az wide an
the business district. flows across the
business district. though the flow is con-
tiuuous until the wind or the sun dis
sipates It; and OF the actual smoke ex-
listing IN the business district at any one
time after the great sea OF residence
fires Ia started, II is estimated that
about two parts out Of three Of the total
smoke are from the residence district.
and, when considering the length OF
time residence smoke flows across the
business section. as well as the density
OF this smoke. Il Is very conservative to
estimate the residence smoke TO be re-
sponsible for nine-tenths OF the trouble;
and this owing partly to the fact that
the prevailing morning winds are from
easterly or southeasterly directions, car
rying great quantities or residence
smoke across the business district
The Salt Lake tribune. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1890-current, 1913-02-02
Discusses Phenomenon.

A scientific writer. previously men
toned. writing FOR the new smoke article
in the latest edition OF the Tncyclopedla
The combustion Of coal is certainly re-
sponsible Tor their tLondon fogsl exist :
succ but il is the sulphur OF the coal
and not the carbon. that is the active
agent; and so long as coal is burnt =
all this manufacture Of sulphuric acid
and OF fogs must continue. inc
evil effects OF town air on plant HE
and human lungs, often attributed 10
preventabe smoke, are due to this nom
preveutable eulphurlc acid, going on TO
cay that smoke consumers only burn the
Visible carbons, and that the sulphurous
matter cannot be consumed or rendered
harmless
The sulphur content Of Utah coal varies
from 90 per cent TO 10 per cent and the
average OF all coal used in Salt Lake city
as shown b. the records of tic various
fnel producers and tho state coal mine
inspector ls 0.70 per cent -tenths
sulphur, all OF which gets into the AIR
through the chimncya 10 assist IN collect
ing and accommodating tho moisture by ab-
scrpton from the air and thus Intensity
escape from this conclusion-~tllat sui
phuric acid sulphurous acid, sulphur dt-
oxide. sulphur lrioXlde. etc, assist In con
densing. or drawing, tho moisture from
the air. especially when started by a
dust made cloud fog unit. and the
amount Of moisture on winter mornings
in salt Lake City averages about 20 per
cent relative humidity, which. surprising
as this may sccm, is a value only about
10 per cent below tho humidity values
in the Mississippi valley.
In one OF the newer and more complete
chemistry textbooks presented recently
before the purchasers OF the citys new
school books. the interesting tact ia
stated: "Ou account of the energetic
way i'm which II combines with water.
concentrated sulphuric acid is used for
drying gases thus showing It's posi-
bihty as driving agent for tho atmos-
The Salt Lake tribune. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1890-current, 1913-02-02
Dust Would Float Away.

All OF this dust would in few hours
float way, 10 be no more heard or. were
It not for the formation Of these dust
built and dust-entanglinG city fogs; but
once a little fog IS started tho rest OF the
structure is rapid and continues until ar
rested by either tho bright sun or a stiff
wind. The condensinS moisture not only
increases the density Of the fog, but pro
longs u = great deal. 80 that the moist
ure element alone Is doubtless responsi =
bio for a yer! large per cent Of the actual
obscurntion and Nth distribution.
And right here vc arrive at a most IN
teresting iact-thnt there II 4 chemical
element ia the smoke. namely, sulphur,
in various forma. which W one Of the
most microscopic substanc known, and
which draws every vestige of moisture
70 Itself that Il gets into contact With
We have observed how foEgy condi-
tons are greatly intensified By tho moist
Ure condensiny on tho smoke particles.
| and this despite the fact that there iS
| no special AFFINITY between the smoke
! particle and the moisture particle: yet
| In the sulphur com biuations emitted I'm
ali coal smoke We have an element that
| instantly appropriates. chemically, every
atom Of moisture II Gomez in contact
| with whether IN rsporous or solid form
| Sulphuric acid, a liquid in bulk az mod :
/ crate ternperatursr. draws tbs water 10
The Salt Lake tribune. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1890-current, 1913-02-02
No Relief in Court Order.

Tho court requires that no sulphuric
acid remain I'm a free state" (it must
be neutraizcd. or have It's teeth pulled.
so TO speak, so it, cannot devour tie
certainly is not required that the sulphur
be annlhilated. nor is aunihilation possI-
BILE: the naturalization only changes its
form chemically. and that only tempo
rarily, It seems, and since all the forms
OF sulphur are microscopic, the moisture
parentlY not mitigated by anything that
has been. or can be done. according 10
good authority. II is therefore possible
that tho court order liz obcyed and tia [
we got the su1Dhuric acid about the Same
as before. though our present concern Is
with sulphur iu my form.
The order requires tho operation Of the
ba g-house Ia screen out all solid particle
and OF course the sulphurc acid would
absolutely have TO be ucutralized. regard .
less OF the court order, 10 prevent the
bags from being literally deyoured BY the
OF sulphuric acid IS largely due TO it's en-
ergy In attacking and decomposIng al
most everything with which II comes in
contact.
The playhouse IN good action geta
most OF tho flpe duEt. and some OF the
gas, therefore the chimney discharge IS
mostly the sulphur dioxidc. the unneu-
tralized trioXlde. and much fine dust
(Which - lust tangible Ia fog-msking
4 any other lpe dustl and the fuel
gases including its microscopic sulphur
Gus matter.
Most OF tho damage heretofore oh d.
served from the smelters was The injury
10 plrnts and animals caused by the dust
and tune particles but IL 10 rho gases
and 'c,ds thar are clogzlns The valley
With fce md Asmcke." The hns dust,
The Salt Lake tribune. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1890-current, 1913-02-02
Sources of Real Trouble.

But the mere smoke itself is actually
not a very serious matter, but rather is
II the resultant condition, namely. the
city fog (a. relatively drg fog caused
directly by the smoke. An official in
vestigat1on In London two years ago
showed that 20 per cent Of the London
and that the duration and the density OF
all fogs were greatly increased, yet the
greater part Of fog, or the observation,
was atmospheric moisture built. up on
ticles when thrown into the air lose
their heat into space and become much
cooler than the surrounding air in which
they are moving. and tiny. globule OF
densed on the smoke particle or at
| tached to IL, thus making the lounda-
ton for the very worst kind Of fogs.
When the smoke particles are not
ly TO condense the moisture upon them
| from the adjacent air, the fog particles
cannot be produced. and such is the. con-
dition on the warm mornings IN winter,
nearly all OF which are devoid OF fogs;
! the cold mornings, especially when there
| is snow on the ground and the relative
humidity Is high, nearly always produce
| these smolic-bult fogs. For this reason
the same amount of smoke in summer is
| less obnoxious than In winter
| II Is interesting TO note what guam
tity Of solid matter, namely. CARBON, sui
| phurous. mineral matter, etc, may be
! held in suspension by good, robust,
smoke made fog. much of which is de-
posted on all surfaces In contact with
| the murlS. Deposits have been measured
as great as twenty-five pounds per acre
some Of this we breathe some We eat.
some gets into our complexion, some into
our clothing. and some into our house
| hold tapestries and furnishings. Ordi-
| Dsrily about 40 per cent oi the solid
matter In the air is carbon, 81 TO so per
| cent mineral matter. 10 per cent hydro
| carbon pnd small amounts OF sulphuric
| acid and a half dozen other substances,
The Salt Lake tribune. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1890-current, 1913-02-02

state coal mine inspector heve followed
very closely upon the population veluee,
which in 1910 were about 70 per cent
greater than in 1900. From this infornla-
tion It is perfectly just-end no more
than lust-lf smoke from chimneys is be
ing arraiened for causing the fogs TO
take the iog figures for the first eleven
year period, add TO thoni tho percentage
OF coaI consumption increase, and thus
arrive at the fog figures for tho second
elev en year period This would give 4
totsl OF only fortytwo fogs, or just three
and q half per year. though as We have
seen tho records show that au actual
average of twenty foggy days occurred
instead OF three and half, md that
the increase In fogginesS began promptly
With 1907
The Salt Lake tribune. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1890-current, 1913-02-02
MIR. Alters Article.
Mr.. Alters article is as follows:

That our once bright and clean maid
snlike city should IN her maturer years
acquire the coarse and uncomely habit
OF smoldng, and that to an excess verging
on dissipation, brings doep regret On all
her lovers; and IN tho evil CT this sad
ness the admirers OF this Jewel city OF
the vert are sending bitter hatred and
complaint against every owner OF every
smoke5tack-
These oomplainants would have old
laws enforced and new laws enacted
they would have violatora Of the "cean
city" spirit consumed IN their own fur
paces. az Il were, including their smoke,
feeling, es they seem TO. that the large
furnaces OF the city are responsible.
And yet. amidst oil this clamor. and
against all the evidence showing that
Miss Salt Lake is an immoderate coal
smoker. II has been almost overwhelm-
ingly proven In a careful and extensive
investigation. that II every fire in Salt
Lake City had been extinguished eleven
long years ago, and not pound OF any
fuel had been burned here since that
time, the dirty smokes and fogs that dis
more than seven times as numerous as
in the previous eleven years with all The
fires going: and proven, also, that coal
conBumpyon in tho furnaces OF the busi-
ness district OF Salt Lake City is next in
srnailness OF importance to the actual to-
bacco that the men smoke on the street.
Number OF foggy days at Salt Lake
city for twenty-five years.-From records
nf United States weather bureau. I'm
Guiding dense smoke. About half OF these
fogs obscured view entirely beyond 1000
feet; the remainder obscuring view be-
yond a half mile.)
The Salt Lake tribune. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1890-current, 1913-02-02
Smelters Greatest Offenders.

And al last We reach the inevitable
conclusion. tho cruel fact We would avoid
II wo could. that tho sulphur from the
valley smelter stacks is Responsible di.
rcctly and solely for tho production OF
1S0 foggy days in salt Lake City during
the past eleven years IN addition TO the
forty-two foSGy days VIC might nave
reasonably expected, as previously indl-
Gated.
The orc handled in the valley ranges
from no sulphur to as much as 40 per
cent sulphur, if We may take the iigures
from court records, mine assaycrs and
others more or less familiar with the
facts, though recent court decree re-
quires that an average days smeltins
must not run above 10 per cent sulphur
content. To maintain this average low
grade sulphur ore is fiuxed with ore run
ming high In sulphur.
Assuming that the average can be kept
as low as 10 per cent (Which Is not bind
ing by tho court on fhe Murray smelterl,
with an average days business at each
smeltcr. Murray and Midvalc, OF 100
tons tthe court permits 1900 tons daily
at Midyale) there is thrown into the air
OF the Salt Lake valley go tons of sui
phur In some or all Of Its hyGroscopic
forms every day, or $4,000 tons year,
Now there were 3IS.000 tons OF coal
used in Salt Lake City last year, averag-
Ing OF per cent sulphur. or 26l6 tons OF
sulphur, which Is Just 1-3 per cent as
much sulphur as was produced by the
Careful observations made at practical
ly all hours OF the day from Ensign peak.
Red Butte. ut Fort Douglas and the foot
hills on both sides of the valley. as far
south as the smelters. and at the Jordan
narrows, have shown that the smeltcr
smoke Is blown against every foot of
mountain surface on all sides OF the
basin-like Salt Lake valley practically
every day, and thorough research into
the wind records OF the United States
weather bureau shows that usually there
are no more than three days month
h. al pn1yn ie Y1nf TplN oH
over ali parts Of the valley daily as thor
oughly as one could mix II in bowl.
The Salt Lake tribune. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1890-current, 1913-02-02
Records Are Given.

According to the records Of the
Uuited States weather bureau, there
were more foggy OF smoky days in salt
Lake City during January, 1913, than
of the bureau here, there being eighteen
days on which fog or smoke or haze
obstructed the Wow beyond half mile
and on six OF these it was 80 dense as
20 obscure objects beyond a block, or
about thousand feet.
The greatest previous amount Of fog
in any one month was in December, Just
passed. when there were sixteen smoky
ar foggy days; the next was February,
1905 when there were fifteen gloomy
davs. and the next greatest number
was fourteen, in December, 1905.
The Salt Lake tribune. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1890-current, 1913-02-02

Itself; and sulphur dioxide, which is a
gas, IS drawn by the moisture particles
(ueualIy fog. or incipleut cloud units)
with equal energy, SO that In either case
tho moisture collecting. polluting COM
binatIon IS formed, aud the log units
manufactured and enlarged with great
rapioity. II Is often claimed by inveg-
usatlne physicists that the actual gul-
dIoxldo and troxlde approprlstine the
additional water and oxygen molecules,
necessary, from the nero humidity, or
the invisible gaseous water vapur In the
air, thus creating the fog unit independ-
ent OF those condemned on tho smoke or
dust partClco.