Pullman herald. [volume] (Pullman, W.T. [Wash.]) 1888-1989, 1913-04-25

| '' 'HS students are Taught hon,
:" handle the steam and gasoline on
SHES other divisions of dairy mo
onalics apply 10 separating eburn-
'ls' reIlgerating, pasteurizipg and
'Ne manufacture OF dairy products
icS cream, cheese, butter. and ca an
water steam, and even SUPER
ie@'eu steam must be had in an nm
'o-uate dairy, hence dairy studants
,uust De taught how to operate a
oller' If gas engine are TO furnish
ne power, these must be understood
Or II electrical power is used. its use
80 '"iS connection must be known.
iney are taught concerning the con-
Structlon OF dairy buildings. includ-
ing the cost of building material, its
strength and use, the installation Of
water supplies, sanitation; how to
AK concrete and put it down: all
these, and numerous other things
must the modern dairy expert know
Inc use of concrete on the farm is
fertile field of study. Students are
taught now to make concrete fence
posts, watering troughs, and walks.
now to mix and handle the material.
"hlch is good cement, which is poor;
5000 sand and inferior sand. and so
Gu 10 save cement, the sand should
De coarse and sharp, and should NOT
crumble. There should be present
not more than six per cent of dirt. or
any other foreign material. Not long
ago the students constructed q con-
crete septic tank, reinforcing it with
barbed wire, which was perfectly sat
lsfactory for the purpose. They learn
now to use concrete for well-curb-
Ing, cistern-tops, welltops, cesspooIs,
and silos
An important problem in farm en-
glneerlng is that of water supply.
For use in this instruction there is
installed in the farm mechanics
building a pneumatic system, the
characteristic feature Of which is a
storage tank containing a quantity
OF air, which forms cushion against
which the water is forced into the
tank Under high pressure, the air
in the tank forces the water to high.
er levels, through the house, and
wherever 1T is needed. Such a sys-
tenn is sanitary and reliable, but
more costly than the gravity system
Of water supply.
A commendable feature of the
gravity system of water supply is
its cheapness. Ii is not quite as
sanitary as the pneumatic supply,
and can not be used in level cotn-
try unless tank is installed. Guild
ed by the instruction and sugges-
tons of Mr.. Charlton, the students
last semester planned a system of
gravity supply, including kitchen
sink, range boiler, waterback in the
stove, and pump and tank, which
could be installed at a cost of about
40 dollars This excluded the cost
of labor, presupposing the training
in pipe-fitting, plumbing, and so on,
which is given in the farm mechan-
les work of the college.
Mr.. Charlton recently cited to his
class, the case of a man who So years
years ago in southern Michigan
built his house Is rods from the
spring which was the source of water
supply for the household. Estimat-
ed on the basis of two trips to the
spring per meal, it was shown that
members of the family had travelled
to and from the spring since the
house was built, a distance equal
ling nearly half the way around the
globe.
A problem which promptly arises
! is cost of oil In the manufacture of
petroleum products, the first distill-
ing process gives off a volatile gas
which is not saved; next, is distilled
the gasoline, but the amount is rela-
lively small-about IL per cent;
next, benzine, 1875 per cent, or
Whereabouts; then kerosene, about
| 35 per cent. Following the distilla-
ton of these light oils come the
"heavy" oils, from which are made
the numerous by-products of
petroleum Quite number Of the
heavy oils are adaptible for use in
gas engines, and for such use are
offered for sale at from three to
seven cents a gallon. The present
need is to replace gasoline, the
smallest in quantity, relatively, OF
AMY of the petroleum products, and
which is used so extensively that it
may reach prices prohibitve for farm
work, with the heavy oils.
Abroad over year ago, and
studying the development of tech
meal education in Europe, President