The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1913-07-12
SCRAP BOOK FOR TO-DAY

E SGkAP bUUk FUk lU-UAI
 This will be an unlucky day, en- tireIy, to wear green in Ulster, for the twelfth of July is Orangeman's Day, the great festival of the Irish Protest ants While the Orange Order is strong in Canada, and has lodges in most of the large cities of the United States. 1t is in Ulster that the anni- versary of the battle of the BoXn@ %@ celebrated with the most ec1at. It is likely that to-day's observance Wt7A fse- the most enthusiastic in years, owing to the heated opposition to home rule. The titled chairman of the League for the Support of Ulster recently pre- dicted that Orangemen will oppose armed resistance to the tyranny of government and called upon volun- teers to make ready to stand in the trenches with those who are going to defend our common inheritance"
 Orangemen take their name from William III of Orange. who defeated James II, in the battle of the Boyne in 169O The religious riots of 1795 in which Catholic opposed Protestant, resulted in the organization of the Orange Lodge by the latter. One of the most notable celebrations of the festival was that held in New York, forty-two years ago to-day, when the mortality list numbered dfty-six. Mon treaI and other Canadian cities have also witnessed riotous observances of the day.
 St Julien, France, will celebrate to- day the centenary of its most distin- gutshed, native son, Claude Bernard, s'the explorer of the alimentary canal,' and an original investigator into the workings of the liver, pancreas and other 'innards.'' Among other no- table discoveries, Bernard found that the liver is responsible for many cases of ingrowing grouch and supposedly inherent 'cussedness,'' Born in St. Julien, Bernard went to Paris at the age of twenty-one, intending to pursue literature as a vocation, but 1t escaped him. He then studied medicine, and became the greatest physiologist of his time, upsetting many ancient the ories and medical superstitions. He died in 1878, and was the first man of science whose funeral was conduct ed at public expense.
 The College of Lyons, France, will also hold a centenary celebration to- day in honor of it's former dean, the celebrated Francisque BouiIlier, who attained an international reputation as an educator and author.
 When Turkey gave Great Britain deed to the island of Cyprus few weeks ago, it was but a formal recog- nition of an occupation that was aI- ready an accomplished fact. It was thirty-f1ve years ago to-day that Ad-
 niral Lord John Hay took possession of the island, and the anniversary Is annually celebrated by. the Christians of Cyprus Sir Garnet J. Wolseley, of Egyptian and Canadian fame, was Britain's first administrator. Nomin ally Cyprus remained a Turkish pos session, however, until a short time ago. The population of the eastern Mediterranean is largely Greek, all though there are still many Turks. Since the British occupation con stant warfare has been carried on against the devastating locusts, and try has been transformed into one big garden. There is tradition that Cy- prus was once depopulated because it did not rain for thirty-six years, and absence of sufficient moisture still prevents the island from becoming the most productive spot on the globe.
 The first observance of this date as Orangemen's Day was in 17s6, the | first lodge of Orangemen having been formed at Armagh late in the preced- | ing year. The organization of the Irish Protestants resulted from what was called. the battle of Diamond '' l fought at Diamond, a hamlet in Ar ! nagh, North Ireland, in 1795, be- tween the 'Peep-o-Day Boys'' and the ''Defenders.'' Many of the latter were killed. To commemorate this conflict the Orange lodge was formed l soon afterward, and it was decided to l observe the anniversary of the battle of the Boyne, July 18th, as an an- ] nual holiday. The "batt1e of Dia- 1 mond'' originated in a quarrel between a Catholic and a Presbyterian at Mar 1 ket Hill in July, 1784. Each was soon
 aided by large body of friends, and | the neighborhood was divided into re- | ligious factions-Catholic and Presby- l terian-dfstinguisl1 as Defenders and Peep-o'-Day Boys. The latter were so called because they usually paid far from friendly visits to the 1 homes of the Defenders just before 1 daybreak.