davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1913-12-12
Farm ana
Garden
HOW TO BUILD HoTBEDs.
The Sunken Type Best For Raising
Early Plants From Seed.

8
OF the several types of hotbeds in
general Use the sunken or pit type is.
all things considered, the best for the
raising of early plants from seed. This
style of bed is constructed by e&cavat-
ing Il pit six feet wide and two and
onc-half feet deep and as long as nee
essury 10 accommodate the number Of
3 by & foot sash it is desired to use.
The sides of the pit are boarded up
with rough lumber malice to posts
which may he placed three feet or
more apart. If some degree OF perma-
nency is desired good material will
need to be used. Chestnut lumber is
very Serviccablc and reasonably cheap;
spruce ONE next in point of durabili-
ty and chcapness. The sides Of the
pit should be raised above the surface
of the ground twenty inches at the
back and twelve inches in front. This
will provide ample pitch to the sash
for shedding rain and also be of sufi-
cient angle for good construction OF
the suns rays and heat. Good sash
should be used.
The location OF the hotbed should be
chosen where the natural drainage Ia
good and. il possible, where there is a
good windbreak ut the north side. IL
a suitable sheltered spot is not availa-
bic then a tight board fence six feet
high and extending several feet be-
yOnd each end of the hotioed should be
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1913-12-12
THE COMMERCIAL CLUB.
An Asset to Any Town Provided Il 10
We'll Oruanjxed,

-
A commercial club Is the greatest
asset Of any town. providing 1t is a
commercial club. says a contributor
to the University Missourian. But
there has been all unwarranted mis-
use of the term III the last few years.
Many so called commercial clubs are
merely u~norganized groups Of bust
ness men Of IL city who meet whenever
any one comes along with some pet
scheme. They act only when acted
upon. But a real commercial club is
something more than that.
A real commercial club is one that
meets regularly. At each meeting
some of the members give talks on
things they think will make the town
better. The needs of a town are dis
cussed and ways and means Of getting
these needs satisfied are brought out.
In that way they are ready to adopt
any new plan that is for the best In
terests of their city. There is just as
much difference between an organiza-
ton Of this sort md n that Ia loose
~ organized as between a we'll trained
army and IN army of lev recruits.
There are so many things that 81
good commercial club can do that ii
seems hardly possible to conceive OF a
town not having one. Yet there are
many towns throughout this state
which do not have one. They can
look after the sanitation Of the city.
paving. street cleaning, fire protection.
safety Of public buildings, %nuisances
aud other things. They can watch out
for new enterprises and send repre-
sentatives to interview prospective
promoters and show them why they
should come to the city.
You can notice that the town which
prospers most has the liveliest CON-
mercial club.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1913-12-12
p%RopAeATIne R

Garden Work is Never Over-lt ls a
Continuous Performances.
When the late flowers have been cut
down by the frosts it might be pre-
sumed that the time for garden activi-
ties is over. But as a fact, garden
work is never v e 1t is one continu-
Gus performance that anticipates sea-
IONS by months, and to this early prep
aration is due the success of u sum-
mer gardens. When the tulips are put
into the ground the winter is marching
along fast. but there is work to be
done just at this time which will bear
fruit the next summer.
Just before the ground freezes hard
cover up a piece with leaves or litter.
or anything that will keep out the
frost, for it is in this ground that any
of the shrubs for which you may have
a fancy are to be propagated.
Do you want hydrangeas or weigla
or privet or dogwood or %forsythia? II
you care for these now is your chance
to get a great many for almost nothing.
With a sharp knife make as many cut
tings as you want plants and throw in
20 per cent for good measure. Bury
these cuttings all but two inches and
by spring they will be young plants
ready to plant out. This is what is
called sweating" or making little
sticks into large bushes under the
snow.
The question of getting stock is sim
pie. No one would refuse you permits
sion to take a few sticks of their n.y.
drangeas or other shrubs In the middle
of the winter. Stock is possible If one
has a sharp knife. The handiest and
most satisfactory way to proceed Is as
follows: Make a trench about four
teen inches deep, and long enough to
accommodate all the cuttings you
make. Make the cuttings a little long
er than the trench Is deep and put
them in the trench either singly or In
bundles, and pack the earth hard about
them. Cover well with enough leaves
to keep out the frost.
When the frost has gone out Of the
ground throw back the blanket from
your cuttings and take them out. On
the ends of fully so per cent Of all you
put in the ground will be found sw0l-
len rings. and from these will start the
roots that are to make plants Of the
sticks. Now separate the cuttings and
plant them In their proper locations.
and it will rot be long before you have
the pleasure of seeing leaves sprout.
This is profitable winter work. making
possible q stock of choice things for
which there is always s about q
house.-COuntry Gentleman.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1913-12-12

cuR,sTmAs o

THE simplest candies are best for
the children. II neatly packed
in attractive boxes they will be
just as welcome as the most expen-
sive bonbons soldI;n the shops. Candy
boxes of any desired size may be pur-
chased. In packing the candy use
oiled paper and bristol board to sepa-
rat the layers Of candy.
What the Children Like.
Molasses Candy.-Take w cupfuls
of molasses. two cupfuls of brown sug-
ar, two tablespoonfuls Of butter, nj
half cupful Of water. one-fourth cupful
of vinegar. When boiled pull until
light.
Chocolate Acknowledgement the al
monds by putting them for Il few min
utes in hot water and rubbing off the
skins. Melt some chocolate, take up
each almond separately with a long
pin. dip in the chocolate and lay on
Il buttered paper to cool.
Ru~tterScotch. - Take three cupfuls
water and vinegar. one tablespoonful
of butter and eight drops of extract
of lemon. Boil without stirring till it
| will snap and break. Just before TAX
ing from the fire add one-fOurth Of a
teaspoonful of soda. Pour into but
| tered tins and mark into inch squares
| when cold.
Delicious Sweets.
Chocolate Peppermints.-Take three
cupfuls of granulated sugar. one cup
| full Of hot water and N t~easpoonful
of cream Of tartar. put into a sauce
pan and boil till it hairs. Remove
from fire and add five drops Of oil of
peppermint. beat hard till it begins to
get cool. then drop by spoonfuls on
glazed paper. When cool dip into four
ounces of melted chocolate and put
back on glazed paper to harden.
Nougat.-Boil one pound of granu-
lated sugar and n cupful Of hot wa
ter slowly till the water has evaporat-
ed and the strip begins to turn yell
low. Do not stir while boiling. Take
half a pound of blanched and dried
almonds. put them in a cool oven or
leave the door open and when they
begin to turn yellow they are ready
to add to the candy when 1t reaches
the same point. Pour the candy on a
buttered pan half an inch thick and
mark It in squares before it cools.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1913-12-12

THE CLOTHES BOILER CONVERTED INTO 4
s~TERILIZER.
into a convenient sterilizing vat. The
only things necessary are q tight 1T
ting cover and a false bottom.
The false bottom Is absolutely neces-
sary in order to prevent the jars from
coming in contact with the bottom Of
the sterilizing vat. causing them to
break during the boiling. For this
purpose an ordinary No. 10 wire net
ting Of half inch mesh. which Is cut
to ft the bottom Of the boiler. can be
used II the netting ia not available
thin pieces Of wood or almost any.
thing OF this kind will answer the pur-
pose. a patent open door steam cook
or is even more convenient than 2
clothes boiler. II neither Of these is
available u deep saucepan d bucket
lightly covered will answer the pur-
pose. n! 4
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1913-12-12
I!W6SfXFTSHEN

v c%RAheERR,Es.
STRAWBERRIES are a useful fruit at
the Christmas season. Not only

STRAWBERRIES are q useful fruit at
the Christmas season. Not only
may they be threaded OF long
strings like popcorn and used for the
adornment Of the Christmas tree. but
they are essential in the making Of one
Of the most important Yuletide viands.
the sauce to go with the turkey.
Sauce For the Turkey.
Whole Cranberry Sauce. Take a
quart of c%ranberries. pick them over
and, drain them. Then put them into .
preserving kettle with just enough cold
water to show among them. Allow q
pint Of sugar and when the berries
boil up all over put one-fourth Of the
sugar in by sprinkling it over the top
without stirring. Let it boil again and
add sugar until all is used. Boil slowly
and do not stir the berries. After the
last boiling turn them out and set
aside to cool.
Cranberry and Banana Sauce.-Pre-
pare q snuce Of one pint of cranber.
ries. one cupful Of sugar and enough
water to make the right thickness.
| When thoroughly cooked and while hot
I'll q dish with alternate layers of thin
| slices of bunanas and the sauce, This
requires twO bananas.
- Piquant Jelly.
Jellied Cranberries.-Take q quart of
| cranberries and stew them until they
are soft. Then add a pint Of sugar and
let them cook until the Juice thickens.
Take a fancy mold. dip It in cold water
and ill 1t with the cranberries. When
cold they will be firm and may be
turned out On a dish. a
Spiced Cranberries .-These are espe-
! cially nice with the turkey or. in fact.
with any poultry or game. Put a quart
| of washed cranberries In q saucepan
with a half cupful Of cold water. Tie
up the spices in a little c~heesecl0th
bag. These should include q dozen
each Of cloves and allspice. some
| blades of mace and two sticks Of Gin
namon broken up. Tie up the bag and
put It in the saucepan with the water
and cranberries and let them stew un-
til the fruit is broken. Then take out
tue OaS duu St10Au tu0 USeAAS0 OuoA
a colander. Pour In two cupfuls Of
sugar. stir over the fire until the sugar
is dissolved. Then remove from the 6re
and put away to get cold for use.
A psisctabls Pudding.
Cranberry Pudding.-Take three cup
fuls Of four and a half t~easpoonful Of
salt, sift them together. Mix with them
a-small cupful Of sou cream. q cupful
Of ,moiasses. two well beaten eggs and
half q teaspoonful Of soda dissolved IN
. little boiling water. Have a cupful
and q half Of haIved c~ranberrtes,
dredge them with -four and mix them
with the batter. Pour into q creased
mold and steam for two hours. Serve
withla hard sauce.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1913-12-12

STORING VEGETABLES.

Store onions in a loft rather
than in Il cellar. In the latter
they will sprout. to their injury.
A few parsnips for winter use
may be lifted and stored in sand
in the cellar. but as freezing
sweetens them 1t is best to leave
many of them outdoors for later
use. Store potatoes in bins one
foot or eighteen inches deep.
raised somewhat from the floor.
Do not bru:se or they will
be likely to rot. Roots in the
nature Of satisfy and h~orseradish
freezing does not hurt. so the
main lot may stay out where
grown. but some should be dug
and put in earth in the cellar for
winter use. A few heads of cab
bage may kept, heads down. in a
barrel in the cellar.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1913-12-12
A HOMEMADE sTeRILIzER.

One For Canning Purpssss Can. Be
Easily Made at Home.
In all methods OF canning some form
OF sterilizer will be found very con
venient. To be able to do with the
things she already has on hand is an
important item to the housewife. AL
most every housewife has a tin clothes
boiler. and this can. he easily converted
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1913-12-12
Low PAY EFFECTS.
Underlying Principles Of the Mini
mum Wage.
STRENGTHENS THE RACE.
Industry That Cannot Pay q Fair
Wage 10 Parasitie-In Effect It Ex-
acts 4 Subsidy Frop the Community.
A Nations Most Costly Production.

A Nations Most Costly Production.
Discussing some of the fundamentals
that underlie the principle Of a mini
mum wage, Mrs. Margaret Dreier Rob-
ms in her address as president of the
National Women's Trade Union league
at the annual convention spoke of a
living wage as one of the important
means of Strengthening the a
1.-The industry" she said, (which can
not pay a fair wage is parasitic and
receives a subsidy from the community
through it's public or private charities.
through it's clinics and hospitals.
through its reformatories and prisons,
through it's ~almshouses and homes for
the aged. We are living in the midst
of a wealth producing, poverty breed
ing, industrial chaos. The demand for
the minimum wage on the part of the
general public is simply the statement
that it is tired of subsidizing indus
tries.
Through such subsidies it has ena-
bled many an employer with no bust
ness qualification whatever nor knowl-
edge nor judgment to open an indus
try. put the wages as low as condi'
lions permit. quite certain that the
community will bear the burden. 1t
would seem that a training school for
employers is as essential to the wei
fare of the community as a trade
school for workers. Just as the most
important knowledge to the worker is
the value of his or her labor power. SO
the most important knowledge to the
employer is that a living wage is the
first charge upon any industry"
Mrs. Robins called attention to the
fact that In 1908 the first industry to
come under the minimum wage act in
England was that of chainmaking,
done largely by women. The wage
hoard decided that the women's wage
should be doubled. "Who were these
ONE so exploited?" Mrs. Robins
asks. "They were the mothers OF
those, men whom the English army
would not accept into its service dur
ing the Boer war because they did not
come up to the physical standard de
manded. Three times the British army
has had to lower its requirements OF
physical strength. for the men could
not measure up to the standard de
manded. But these woman chainmak.
ers were not only mothers of sons:
they were also mothers Of daughters
the mothers Of girls. potential moth
ers Of another generation, each one
representing a lowered vitality and
constant trend toward degeneracy."
Mrs.. Robins concludes that "the most
costly production Of any nation and its
most valuable asset is not its annual
output Of corn. neither the wheat
harvest nor the yield Of coal or cot
ton. but its output Of men and women.
Upon the quality of each generation
depend the strength and greatness Of
the nation. This we recognize by pro
Tiding that the state shall are for
the health of. the people and contribute
to their education. Is 1t not. therefore,
time for us to insist that the state
cannot afford to put in SO great an in
vestment only to reap the continuous
loss Of the defeated young lives that
60 under in the industrial worlds"
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1913-12-12
SUBURBAN
The Suburban Planning asso-
citation asks:

The Suburban Planning asso-
citation asks:
Has your community 4 def
mite civic program upon which
the citizens, churches, clubs, as
soeiations and other organiza.
tions will tender their efforts
during the coming seasonal
Have you asked these ques.
tions?
First.-What is most needed
to make your home community
. heaIthfuI, purer and more
beautiful to live in?
Second.-How can this need
be most speedily met?
Third.-What are the agencies
. that can best undertake the
task?
Fourth.-What should be my
share in this civic task. and
why?
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1913-12-12

4 SONG OF LABOR.

KIN tRs hSltSg3y ~ snEl -N-~-fKSt sTAg5s fa ~ u
A song for the builders of beauty.
The rearers Of temple and spire:
A song to the strong men Of duty
Who shape the worlds future In
fire.s Sqsff
Sing. sing to the women. the moth
erS, f#Rs
ra e: ., sssss @hs g t .'n' fe 2 ts Z. SIS, sssth-
Ana open to hope5the white rate.
a song to the brain that devisss
And bends natures will into law:
|A song 20 the brain that suffices
IT, purpose from many 70 draw 4ss
sinG. sins I the thinkers and hew-
ers. S
Il TO brothers % brain and Of
Drawn: s ii u #
a song to the wor1dsssmighty doors
Who work FOR 3 hA1teninE dawn.
-Horacs Spenees Eiske;
Norwich bulletin., 1913-08-28
FINANCIAL AND COMMERCIAL
SLUMP IN LAST HOUR.
President's Mexican Message Used as
 Bear Argument

New York. Aug. 27-Until the last hour of trading today stocks held steady, with a good undertone, al- though fluctuations were unusually narrow. Such movements as occurred were mostly upward, with specialties, including American Ice, American Agricultural Chemical Peoples Gas and Sears Roebuck, in the lead. Tow ard the close of the day several points of weakness appeared. Union Pacific, Reading, Lehigh Valley, New York Central, Can, Smelling t and various other stocks fell off one to two points, and the whole market was heavy at the close.
 Mexican affairs retained first place in the determination of stock market sentiment. After orders on hand at the opening had been executed the market settled down to await Presi- dent Wilson's message, and trading came almost to 8 StandStiH. Delivery of the message produced no immediate effect upon prices. Traders could find in it no obvious points upon which to base a speculative movement on &ither side of the market. It was an hour after the message reached the street before the list began to decline. De- spite this lapse of time, it was the Mexican situation which was cited as the cause. In support of this conten- ton it was pointed out that Smelting, which has heavy interests in Mexico, and is especially sensitive to the course of events there, was the weak est stock among the leaders. The slump appeared to be due however, less to any alarm over the situation than to selling by bears who put prices down simply because they had not gone up on delivery of the mes sage. Bears argued that the fact that President Wilson delivered the mes sage was in Itself a point in their fa- vor hopes of turn for the better that were aroused by the days delay having failed to materialiZe. They also laid stress on the presidents ad- vice to Americans to quit Mexico as an indication of the prospect for con- tinued unsettlement.
 Union Pacific's decline was inf1u- enced by the unfavorable July state ment, showing a decrease in net earn ings of $671.0O0. New Haven again developed weakness in the early trad ing, falling 1-2 to a new low record of 91 3-4. United States Express also made another low record by falling s 1-2 to 40 1-2.
 Bonds were irregular. A number of important issues showed a consider able degree of strength. Total sales, par value, $1,490,000.
 United States fours registered de- clined 1-4 on call.
Norwich bulletin., 1913-08-28
fMORDECAI BROWN IN GREAT FORM
Pitching for Cincinnati He Defeated New York Reds Last Appearance in Big Ciy-Score to Tinker Made Homer and Burns Star Catch

New York, Aug. 27.--Cincinnau eel ebrated it's last appearance in New York this season by defeating the champions 5 to 1. Mordecai Brown. the old Chicago star, was in great form and held the locals to seven scattered hits. Cincinnati made the same num- Der of hits off F'romme but made them count. Tinker drove in four of the Cincinnati runs. The victors scored one run in the second inning on Mar sans single, Fletcher's poor throw and Tinker's single. In the fourth inning, passes to Bates and Marsans' and HoblitzeIs single filled the bases. Tinker's sacrifice fly scored Bates. In the sixth inning Egan doubled and scored on Hoblitzel's single. Hoblitzel scored ahead of Tinker, when the lat ter drove home run into the left field bleachers. New York escaped a shut out when Merkle scored in the sev- enth on his single, an infield out and Snodgrass' single. A catch by Burns on Brown was the feature. Groh was put out of the game in the fourth in ming for protesting strike decision.
Norwich bulletin., 1913-08-28

Two base hits. oLeary Paskert; thre base hit. oakes home run. s. Mazee,
 Vaughn Shut Out Brooklyn
 Brooklyn. Aug. 27-Jim Vaughn. the former New York American southDaw. recently secured by Chi cago from Kansas City. pitched shutout ball here today and Chicago the third straight game, by of to Vaughn and Reulbach had a great duel up the seventh. when Vaughn started a winning rally with single to left He went to second Leach's sacrifice and after Evers had been passed both runners scored Miller's triple. As Phelan hit to Fisher. Miller run down be- tween third and home. but Safer came along with another triple that sent home PFelan with the third and final run. Vaughn pitched great ball all the way. Brooklyn getting but two men as far as third them to six hits HummeI batted for ReuIbach In the seventh and Rlcker finished the pitchinR let ting the visitors down without hit Sair leaned over the railing into the grandstand and grab bed Cutshaws foul in the sixth It was the fielding
Norwich bulletin., 1913-08-28
PittsfeId Took Two.

Pittsfeld. Mass. Aug. 27-Pittsfield defeated Meriden in both games this afternoon. the scores being 1 to in the first and the second to 2. The second game was called at the end of the seventh to allow Meriden to catch a train. Both Duchenil and Wilson pitched both games. Wilson losing the second when he walked Wolfe with the bases full in the sIeventh and but one out The score:
 First Game.
 Pittsheld . O0O O0O10 x-1 2 Neriden .. 0 o o Q 0 0 0 co 1 1
 Duchenl and Bridges: Wilson and Perkins.
 Second Game:
 Pistsfield ~ O 0 1-3 3 Neriden -.. DO OOO O-2 1
 Duchenil and Bridges; Wilson and Perkins
Norwich bulletin., 1913-08-28
Red sox Lose Exhibition Game.

Syracuse, V. Y. Aug. 27.-The Syra- cuse team of the New York State league defeated the Boston Red Sox in an exhibition game at Star park this afternoon by a score of to l. Johnson held the visitors safe through out the battle while Byers, who start cd for the big leaguers, was wild and ineffective and gave way to Ander- son in the fifth inning. Score:
 Boston - O o c o o 0 O-1 ? Syracuse ? o 3 0 I 1 0 KS Il l
 Gyers. Anderson and NunamakeT; @4d Shell Johnson and Payne. Um- e>rss. Johnson and Harrison.
Norwich bulletin., 1913-08-28
sAsIsEn Assoe:a,.an srAnplna.
t+artford Won. supportina Its TwriIers

Hartford. Conn. Aug. 27-Although outhit by Springfield. Hartford man aged to land a victory to A. fault lessly supporting both of its twirlers st critical stages. Parker was der Ticked in the third inning after Spring field had tied the score. and though Salmon was hit freely he was strong 1n the pinches. the two runs scored against him coming over on an in feld hit. The game was called at the end of the eighth inning on account Of darkness. Score:
 Hartford 10 1-5 9 0 Springfield e. 01 0 O 0 2-4 13 }
 Parker, Salmon and Muldoon$@ Will son and Pratt and Flaherty.
Norwich bulletin., 1913-08-28
Lake Goes to the Minors.

Another major league veteran of many years has been sent to the mil nors. Saturday President Navin of the Detroit Americans announced that Pitcher Joe Lake had been released to Minneapolis and that Catcher Ron deau, a recruit. would accompany him there. The two players go to Min neapolis in part payment for Pitcher Comstock, bought last week. Lakes last major league appearance occur red Saturday. when New York knock ed him from the mound in two in- ningS.