davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-08-17

players in all other departments Of the
game are so prone to defy the principles
Of sound bidding in this initial bid and
that that initial bid having been made ex-
cites the imagination Of the same class OF
third hand players. Instead Of carefully
valuing the holding for trick taking value
in combination with his partners, they
Immediately conjure dreams Of aces and
kings. anticipating games. slams and hon
ors galore. Many hands. fully justifying
an initial bid OF no-trump. may prove
very weak in the play-off unless fairly
supported.
The following hand played at local
club illustrates the good work of third
hand:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-08-17

Score, love-all. rubber game.
South declared one no trump. West
passed and North was confronted with
problem. What his reasoning was was
not apparent at the time, but he took
his partner out by declaring two clubs
He afterwarJ explained that 1t would
be possible game hand. with his Ions
trumps and side strength aided by no
trumper In dummy.
East passed. South. a clever player
naturally considered that his partner
held a valueless club suit without sufii-
cient outside strength 10 make It's estab-
lishment possible and passed. A correct
conclusion. based on his partners action
but alasl
West passed also and the club bid held
with East I'm the lead.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-08-17

Score; Love-all. Rubber game.
South declared one no-trump on hand
that justified the bid.
West was presented with the question
whether TO pass or TO declare two royals
and decided on the very conservative
pass.
Although he would have been entirely
correct Ina going two royals, he probably
thought that by keeping quiet and
awaiting later developments, still better
results might follow. The developments
quickly occurred, when North took his
PARTNER out with two diamonds.
East passed and South. ignoring his
partners warning. went to two no trump
which West promptly doubled That end
ed the bidding with the contract at two
no-trump doubled.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-08-17

part Of 1.-THE sixth. II is the baptsm1l
hymn. Freely CO. which makes a
startling effect with its unprepared he
ginning on the leading tone. An instance
OF the creation Of the interval boy the rails
ing Of the fourth is found In the extreme
~ interesting song Father Abraham.
in the arrangement Of which Mr. Bur
leigh has retained the effect Of unique
choral accompaniment as sung at the
Calhoun school. Notable. too. in this
song is the appreciation OF tone-paintiHg
exempifed in the depletion OF the so
journ on the mountain top by persistent
reteration OF the highest note reached
by the melody.
have no disposition 10 indulge In
speculations touching the origin Of either
the conventional scales or the departures
from them which I have pointed out IN
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-08-17
Variations in Minor
Melodies-Oriental
Elements-Rhyth-
mical Snap.
CHATTER VII.

The frequent alterations from the major
scale in the songs of the American ne
goes. which have pointed out, serve eff
fectualy to disprove Wallaschek's conten-
ton that they are nothing more than imi-
tations Of European Enthusiastically
arranged" or 'ignorantly borrowed" from
the national songs of European peoples.
There is but one body Of specifically ma
tional song with which the slave of the
United States could by any possibility
have become familiar-the Scottish, with
its characteristic pentatonic scale and
rhythmical snap; but the singing of Scot
fish ballads was not so general in the
South that their pecuiarities could be-
come the common property of the field
hands on the plantations. The negroes in
the Antilles and South America were In
q very different case. Reciprocal inhu-
ences were stronger there. where social
lines were more loosely drawn and where
1.-THE races amalgamated TO an extent which
threatened the institution Of slavery it
self; but even there the impress Of Afri-
4 can music is unmistakable and indelibe
Spanish melody has been imposed on Afri-
can rhythm. in the United States the
rhythmical element, though still domi-
,nant, has yielded measurably TO the melo-
die, the dance having given way 10 re-
ligious worship, sensual bodily movement
TO emotional expression.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-08-17
USELESS OVER-CAlllNG.

Another angle to the same subject is
the over-caIling by third hand when his
partner has already been taken out OF a
no-trump bid by second hand. Many
players magnify the no-trump sound and
conjure up such strength with their part
ner that no doubt ever exists as TO the
outcome.
The following hand in actual play at
a prominent club is one OF the most re-
markable we ever remember seeing. and
points its owp -'oral:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-08-17
PlAY-OFF STEREOTYPED.

East had no Information as e. his part
ners holding. and therefore opened with
his lowest club. Vests Jack was won by
North with the ace. Two rounds Of trumps
followed. with dummy in the lead. After
the ace and queen OF diamonds were
played from dummy another round Of
trumps put North in the lead. The high
diamonds gave dummy two heart dis
cards and one trick in the suit remained
for the adversaries. As this was the only
trick possible for them on the hand,
North and South scored a small slam FOR
game and rubber
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-08-17

trumpet" This was the only song OF.
its kind in the repertory OF the Jubilee
Singers, the other minor songs either haV-
ing no sixth or having the leading tone.
A fine example in my manuscript collec-
ton excited the admiration of NJ. Tiersot
who sets It down in his brochure as an
Illustration Of the first Gregorian tone
It is revival hymn, Come Trembling
Down." and In It the ''wood-note wild
has a barbaric shout Of jubiation TO
which correct verbal accent has been
sacrificed:
Come tremble-ing down, go shouting
home.
Safe In the sweet arms of Jesus.
Twas Just about the break Of day
King Jesus stole my heart away
ct is scarcely to be wondered at that
the amorous sentiment of many Meth
odist and Baptist revival hymns finds its
echo in the hymns Of the negroes)
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-08-17

Score, love all, rubber game.
South's initial declaration WAS one no.
trump on a hand of sufficient strength to
warrant the bid.
West is player OF rare excellence and
his action at this point is a criterion Of
his general play. Many OF the fervid
school OF players would nave jumped to
a two-heart declaration. but West was
satisfied TO have the no-trump bid hold.
probably thinking he was safe In holding
the game and fearing to drive the OPP
ponents to a possible royal make that
would take the game and rubber
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-08-17
SCOTCH SNAP OF THE NEGROES

II il is unfortunate that musical schol-
ars are unable, for want OF material TO
deduce a sound theory concerning the
origin of the scale, it is also unfortunate
that a knowledge OF African languages
and dialects does not come TO our as
sistance in accounting for the most
marked rhythmcal characteristic OF the
songs of the American negroes. ms
characteristic IS found in the use or
figure I'm which the emphasis Is shifted
from the strong TO the weak part or
time unit by making the first note or
two into which the beat is divided take
only a fraction of the time of the second
This effect Of propulsion when frequently
repeated becomes very stirring not TO
say exciting. and. as has been disclosed
by the development Of ''ragtime,' LEADS
10 a sort OF rhythmical intoxication ex-
emplihed in the use OF the device not
only in the first beat OF measure. but
in the other beats also. and even In the
fractional divisions OF a beat no matter
how small they have been made. When
this species OF syncopation, known as the
Scotch. or Scots. snap. or catch. became
popular in the Italian opera airs of the
eighteenth century it was held to be the
offspring Of a device commonly found In
the popular music OF Scotland IL Is a
Characteristic element OF the Strathspey
reel. and the belief has been expressed
that it got into vocal music from the
fact that Burns and other poets wrote
words FOR Scottish dance tunes. 1T was
I'm great faNor with MANY OF the italian
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-08-17
WAeARIEs IN THE MINOR MODE.

The demonstration OF independence from
European influence is still more striking
In the case of the minor songs and those
of mixed or vague tonality. The varia-
nions from the minor scale which 1 have
classified are those disclosing the major
seventh Ghe leading tone), the use Of the
major sixth and the absence of the sixth.
Other alterations are not pronounced
enough TO Justify being set down as char
acterlstic features. There IS no special
significance in the prevalence Of the lead
ing tone in minor melodies Ot was found
in nineteen songs out of siXty-two), be-
yond the evidence which it may offer of
the influence of the European system In
which the seventh step of the minor
scale is arbitrarily raised semitone for
the sake of a satisfactory harmonic ca
dence. To avoid the abnormal interval
of a second consisting of three semi
tones European theorists also raise the
sixth, thus obtaining the conventional
ascending minor scale-the harmonic
minor. 1t cannot be without significance
that what am prone TO consider a primi-
tive melodic sense seems TO have led the
negroes TO rebel at this procedure. In
tDlrlN-1OQr out OF lIle SiAlN- HilIIoI iliOi-
odies the troublesome sixth (the avoided
fourth in the major mode) is omitted en-
tirely. and In eight il is raised TO major
interval without disturbing the seventh.
The major sixth in the minor mode pre-
sents itself as an independent melodic
element the effect of which is most po-
tently felt when 1t is left unharmonized-
which is not the case in one of the illus
trative examples which l present. The
minor tunes with the major sixth are thus
without ;he leading tone and the physio-
logical effect of the Grant interval is even
more striking than the fiat seventh in the
major tunes.
No one who heard Miss Jackson. the
contralto of the original Fisk Jubilee
choir. sing you May Bury Me I'm the
East without accompaniment Of any
sort, is likely to have forgotten the
clarion sound of her voice on the word
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-08-17

South contracted to take eight tricks
but on the double fell short on his con-
tract: 400 points to his enemy, on hand
that had been duly warned OF danger
and where an escape was offered that
would have suffered little loss.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-08-17
Waning Of Missing
Subtitle Study Of
Significant Hands
in Actual
Play.

Being questioned subsequently. West
justified this bid b. stating that. while
double OF four royals looked good for at
least 400 points. at the same time II
seemed to him that sure game hand at
the four no-trump would result, the
spades coming up to him. and especially
so after hearing from his partners heart
support. lie also stated that he was de-
sirous TO cash his 100 aces. which, with
the rubber bonus OF $50. looked the better
proposition than the double, with further
developments possible.
The developments quickly materialized.
North and East passed and South
doubled. West redoubled, and the ex-
element OF bidding ended and now CEN
tied I'm the play-off.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-08-17
WEST REALIZED ON PLAY-OFF.

North opened low spade and souths
king went 10 Vests ace.
West. after careful survey led the
seven OF clubs to dummys king. in Order
to get the heat fnesse He was sue
cessful in this as the cards show, and
second lead showed the heart suit eStao-
lished
The hearts were run OFF with Dunn
my In the lead at the last heart trick.
Dummys jack of diamonds was now leu
and successfully fnessed. and the balance
was easy for small slam. But West put
the enemy TO the discards. holding Mo
five OF spades for the end play, and 10 MS
surprise and pleasure the opponents !"
the excitement discarded all their spades
and grand slam resulted
The score netted $50 points on the hahu
and with the rubber bonus brought Inv
total up to loo points-a far dineren'
result from a rubber at hearts undouoie~
and a far better result than the possible
penalties to be earned by the double "
the opponents four royal declaration
or course. the last royal bid was suo-
ject to criticism. but the remarka0'
thing about the hand was that sucn
result could obtain even with that fau'S
declaration
The amazed South justified his douols
by stating that he expected 10 esao
lish the spade suit on the first ROUND az.
that he believed he held sure re-ehu'
TO bring In the suit
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-08-17

West. greatly disappointed al North s
take-out. could not go three hearts. even
under the widest latitude. and passed
Norths declaration therefore held tho
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-08-17

The same problem was raised I'm the
following hand. played al local club
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-08-17
No Trump Takeouts
and a Discussion of
the Conditions
That Prompt
Them.

The very fact that the value OF each
odd trick at no-trump is ten, the high
est value of all declarations in auction.
makes that bid most sought and most
advantageous.
/ Three odd tricks in a no-trump make
carries game as against four In royals
or hearts and FIVE in the two minor value
suits. At the same time. II is easier TO
fulfil a one-contract at no-trump on the
leverage hand than on declared trump.
MANY hands are so evenly divided lin
card vernacular. split hands') that the
play Of the dummy carries the making
OF a no-trump declaration to the player
first making the bid.
Also, the no-trump declaration reveals
no direct information TO the adversaries
as to the strength or weakness OF any
individual suit, and. therefore. acts as
q buffer against their declaring, as II
requires a two bid to overcall. Hence the
initial bid of no-trump on any hand that
justihes the fighting declaration creates
a very valuable strategic position in
the game and Immediately puts the ad-
vtrsaries on the defensive.
THE STANDARD OF STRENGTH.
OF course there is a standard recognized
by good players for any original no-trump
declaration that requires a queen above
the average holding. with the exception at
n love score I'm case Of solid suit Of
minor value Of six or more cards with
an ace entry.
The game with the present values (new
count has been played only about two
years, but the best card players in the
country are devoted TO It. and they now
recognize the scientific work on this much
debated point as divided into two classes
--takeouts from strength and takeouts
from weakness. with "A clear distinction
between takeouts in the winning (hearts
or royals and the losing diamonds or
clubs) suits.
Therefore, when the initial no-trump bid
has not been overcalled by second hand
the third hand is called upon TO determine
this important point correctly and his de-
cision usually requires the careful consld-
GRAFTON Of the score and his own holding.
and also the reputation Of his partner for
sound action I'm bidding.
1t is regrettable that so many good
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-08-17

/. and a wrong. Governments and scien-
tifc societies backed by benefcent wealth
are spending enormous sums in making
shows out of our museums. For these
shows men 90 to Africa actuated by the
savage propensity TO kill and call It's
qualification scientific research. Who has
gone to Africa TO capture melody? NO
one Yet few scores or hundreds of
| Photographic records Of music wouin De
worth more to science and art to-day
than a thousand stuffed skins of animals
robbed of life by the bullets Of Roose-
l volt
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1913-08-17

Continued on eighth page.
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1913-01-31

A baby girl was born to Mr.. and
Mrs. Hill of Snyder, Tuesday
S. +. Henry returned Saturday
from a several days business trip to
Spokane.
Moore's Furniture store will
exchange new stoves and furniture
for old.
The St. Mary's Guild will meet
next Thursday at the home of
Mrs. Claude Hydorn.
Try one of those refreshing hot
drinks served at the Simond's soda
fountain. All the latest winter
delicacies.
Miss Mae Collins left Wednesday
for Fernie, B. c., to make an ex-
tended visit with her sister, Mrs
White.
The f. l.. Little company is re-
modelling the interior of their store
this week in order to accommo
date new and larger stocks.
Miss Carrie Eagle arrived here
yesterday from her home at Sault
Ste Marie, Mich. for an extended
visit with her brother.
A go-cart runner with wheels
attached; the best on the market
special this week, $1.25 per pail
at Moore's Furniture store.
A. B. Ashby claims the RECORD
for early Matching He has a her
which Matched IL chicks from a:
setting of II eggs last Sunday.
R. H. Mccoy, general manager
and vice president of the Boomers
Ferry Lumber company, returned
Tuesday from a business trip t
Spokane.
Dave Forsythe sold his Interest
in the Dell Cane barber shop thi.
week to H. F.. Ratzliff. Mr.. For
sythe expects to leave the middl,
of next month for points on tn,
/ coast.
Personal-Belle, you said yot
wanted something new in perfumes
Brody's Pharmacy has just re
ceived some you'll like. They'r
waiting to show them to you
Masde.
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1913-01-31
Auction Sale
AT THE
w. A. Sweet Ranch
Paradise Valley
Wednesday, Feb 9th

The following will be sold to the
highest bidders: span horses,
weight $500 to 1000 pounds;
young cows with calf; sleighs;
wagon; l set harness; / Mccormick
binder; Deering mower; l Canton
rake, self dump; l wood saw;
4-horse power engine; l2-inch
pillow; l set harrow, sections steel
l steel cable so to 90 feet; logging
chains; peves; between 5 and 8 ton
timothy hay; 100 to $50 bushels oats;
between 600 and 1000 weight OF
wheat and about / ton of wheat in
bundles; quantity of of household
goods and other things too numer-
Gus to mention.
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1913-01-31
local Piek.ups

If in need of a good practical
nurse consult DR.. Fry. Ito
J. 0. Peterson left last week for
Seattle, Wash, after a several
weeks with his son, H. J. Peterson
For Sale Four head of horses
Some hay and potatoes cheap
Inquire of Henry Harbican, Cope
land, Idaho. March IA
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1913-01-31

Comic and fancy Valentines now
OH display at the Simond's Drug
Store.
Myrvin Davis, a prominent at
torney of Standpoint was a business
visitor in the city yesterday.
Overhauser and Mcdonald 5
chocolates always fresh at ST.
mond's Drug store
A baby boy arrived at the home
of Mr.. and Mrs. Ralph Eaton of
Leonia, Monday.
The latest Columbia instrumental
and vocal records being received
each week at the Simond's Drug
store. Come in and try them.
Samuel Leonard and wife of
Bellvue, Iowa, arrived here last
Friday to visit with their nephew,
c. T, Grove.
George Greer arrived here last
week from his home in Aledo, H.. j.,
to visit with his brother, Tom
Greer.
Lawrence Mccoy, assistant man
ager of the Boomers Ferry Lumber
company, was business visitor in
Spokane Saturday.
For rent-Two acres of land
with fruit. Four room house on
land. Located on Northside.
Inquire of D. P. Hershman, box
3O4. Ian. 81 If.
George Bush left today for Kali
ispell and Whitefish where he will
spend a week in the interests of
his agency for the Chase Motor
Truch company.
For Sale-Span of mares, seven
years old, weighing $500. Also
span of mules, four years old,
weighing 1900. w. +. Temple,
Copeland, Idaho. janl7-tf adv
George Crawford, a merchant of
Ashland, Wis, left for home yes
terday over the S. /. railway after
having spent several weeks in this
vicinity looking for investments in
real estate. Mr.. Crawford plans
to return and make his home here
in the spring.
Stolen-You can steal from
Father Time several additional
years of life by using our Iron
Tonic pills whenever you feel run
down. Brody's Pharmacy.
The Boomers Ferry Lumber Co.
recently purchased two of the finest
teams which have been worked
in this vicinity in a number of
years. The animals are three and
four-year- and weigh about
700 pounds each. The teams
were purchased in Spokane by
Fred Gleed.
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1913-01-31

House for rent. Inquire of
First State Bank. 1-3-tf a
+. L. Little returned last night
from Spokane where he spent yes
terday on business.
Try box of Anti-grippine. The
best remedy for that cold. Simond 5
Drug store.
Born-A son to Mr.. and Mrs.
Axel Johnson residing on the
Island" on Tuesday.
Mr.. and Mrs. N. R. Selover of
Copeland are the proud parents of
baby girl which arrived at their
home Sunday.
Wanted--Position as housekeeper
in a good home by thoroughly
competent woman. References ex-
changed. Address Herald. Ito
Daisy and Fidelia Collins, Thos.
Stone and George Greer visited
with friends in PASSPORT Wednes-
day.
Mrs. H. S. Allen and daughter
Miss Viola, of Standpoint, visited
at the home of Mrs. w. F. Gay
last Saturday and Sunday.
For Sale-Everything you'll
need for finishing your vacation
photos. We sell chemicals, ETC.,
that will give best results. Brody' 5
Pharmacy.
Miss Marguerite Salisbury left
Monday for her home at Waterloo,
Iowa, over the S. l. railway,
where she will spend the remainder
of the winter.
Agents Wanted-Lady agents to
use Brody's Pharmacy lotions.
They remove all skin blemishes
caused by outdoor exposure. 25c
at Brody's Pharmacy.
Mrs. Ada Miller purchased one
of the McNear acre tracts on the
Northside Monday. The sale was
made through the real estate firm
of Kent & Dore. The considera-
ton was $500.
Geo. B. Whitney a prominent
merchant of Porthill passed through
town Wednesday on his way to
Spokane where he will spend sever
al days looking after business trans
actions.
Farmers, you won't need to send
away for your bulk seeds this year
as we have full line of bulk gar
den and field seeds tested under
the Idaho state law which will be
subject to your inspection about
February 18th. Prices guaranteed
to be right. Hold your order for
us and we guarantee satisfaction
or refund your money. Brown 5
Department Store.
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1913-01-31

Moore Bros, distributors for
Edison monographs, photograph
supplies and blue amberol records.
Last week A. S. Waterman sold
to J. A. Morley an acre tract on
the Northside. The consideration
was $3.50.
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1913-01-31

Z. +. Stephens left Monday for
Spokane where he will spend
several days looking after business
matters,
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1913-01-31

All the latest fiction for your
winter reading at from Is cents up
at Simond's Drug store.