Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1913-05-09

Government of the United States, :"
and that "the said Government shall
have and enjoy all the rights Incident
to such construction, as we'll as the
exclusive right Of providing for the
regulation and management of the
canal"; (2) that 1.-THE canal shall be
free and open to the vessels of COM
merce and of war of all nauions OBJ
serving these Rules, on terms of en-
tire equality; (3) that the plant for
operating the canal and the canal it.
self shall be ''neutralized," and shall
enjoy complete immunity from at
tack or injury by belligerents; AZ that
the United States shall be at liberty
to maintain aEsAaeanate military
police along the canal; and (5) that
mo change of territorial sovereignty
or OF the international relations of
the country or countries traversed by
the before mentioned canal Shall af-
feet The general principle ot-neutrali-
zation or the obligation of the High
Contracting Parties under the pre-
sent Treaty."
The concluding of this treaty-co COM
monty spoken of as the Hay-Paunce-
fote Treaty-was necessary prelim-
mary to the construction OF any 18th
mian canal by the United States or
under it's auspices; because by pre-
vious convention between the same
parties concluded in April, 1850, the
United States and Great Briatin had
bound themselves that neither would
lever obtain or maintain for itself
any exclusive control over" an 18TH
mian canal or maintain any fortifi-
cations commanding the same" or
exercise dominion over "any part Of
Central America. The contracting
parties further agreed to protect the
canal from interruption, seizure, or
unjust contiscation," and to guaran-
tee its neutrality.
This cOnvention-comm spoken
of as the Clayton Bulwer Treaty
made at the request and on the ini-
tiative of the United States, estab-
lished the general principle of the
of any Isthmian canal
which might be constructed, a princi-
pie which the Hay-Pauncefote Treaty
reaffirmed
The great design Of both treaties,
that of 1850 and that of 1901, was to
promote the construction and main
tenanc9 of ship-canal between the
two oceans, for "the benefit of man
kind, on equal terms to all, (" and to
protect the neutralized canal effect
lively when built. In urging on the
British Government the making Of
the Clayton Bulwer Treaty, til e
American negotiator said to Lord
Palmerston: 1.-The United States
sought no exclusive privilege or pre-
ferential right of any kind in regard
to the proposed communication (that
is, canal or railroad), and their sim
cere wish, IL it should be found prac-
ticable, was to see 1T dedicated to the
common use of all nations on the
most liberal terms and footing of
perfect equality for all. That the
United States would not, if they
could, obtain any exclusive right or
privilege In a great highway which
naturally belonged TO all mankind.
This statement expresses accurately
the avowed intention and resolve of
the United States from 1850 to 1912
concerning any Panama Canal. All
treaties on the subject are based on
this intention and resolve, many
times reiterated by official represen-
tatives of the American Government.
In the summer of 1912, Congress
passed bill fixing the tolls to be
paid for passing through the Panama
Canal by the United
States ana approaching completion
but added a section which exempted