Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1913-07-08

+. tInEed their experiments lAIOuSA Inc
remainder Of the autumn and the for
lowing winter. Dr. Reed preseatsts has
plan for future investigation 10 Cen
f, eral Wood, who, fortunately, was the
governor general of Cuba at the time.
! and asked for sufficient funds. Cen
tersI Wood, himself an able physician,
and a man who can see quicker, fur
Their and deeper into things than al
most any man it has ever been M
fortune to know, at once appreciated
| the importance of Reeds proposition
and granted him the funds he asked
for.
/ DIR. Reed installed an experimental
station in the country, about seven
miles to the south of Havana, which
he called Camp Lazear in honor OF his
brave co-worker who had died early
that summer.
II is interesting to note that DR..
Reed and his associates procured the
Stegomyia mosquitoes, with which
they began their experiments, from
DR.. Finlay 1.-THE latter having always
plentiful supply on hand in glass
jars). The non-immune persons on
whom they experimental were fresh
ly arrived u. S. soldiers and Spanish
immigrants who had not been exposed
to any possibility of yellow fever in
lection.
Then, at Camp Lazear, Major Reed
and his associates conducted two sets
of experiments by which, they demon
strated, beyond all doubt: First. That
yellow fever is transmitted from man
to man by the bite of Stegomyia
mosquitoes. Second That yellow
fever cannot be transferred from man
to man by fomites bedding, clothing,
etc. ssoiled by yellow fever patients.
nor by discharges (black yomit. black
stools, hemorrhages, etc. from per
sons sick with yellow fever The in.
tensely interesting details of these
experiments may be found in any
good library. They are well set forth
in that admirable work entitled
Mosquitoes" by DR.. l.. o. Howard,
third edition, pages 125 to 128.
The positive and striking con-
illusions brought out by the careful
experiments at Camp Lazear are as
follows:
Il. The mosquitor -Culex fasciatus
-(now called -Stegomyia calopusl
serves as the intermediate host for
the parasite of yellow fever.
So Yellow fever is transmitted to.
the non-immune individual by means
of the bite of the mosquito that has
previously fed ON the blood of those
sick with this disease.
"3. An interval OF about twelve
days or more after contamination ap-
pears to be necessary before the
mosquito is capable of conveying in
lection. (Major Reed stated after
wards that the discovery of the latter,
highly important point was due to
certain published reports~of DIR. Fl. K.
Carter. marine-hospital service. Dr.
Garter is close Observer, deep
thinker, man of enormous expert
ence and knows more about yellow
fever than any other authority in
American. w. r..
a. The bite of the mosquito at an
earlier period after contamination
does not appear to confer any ipmg-
nifty against a subsequent attack
IS. Yellow fever can also be ex-
perimentally produced by. the sub
cutaneous injection of blood taken
from the general circulation during
the first and second days of this dis
case.
IS. An attack of yellow fever, pro-
duced by the bite of the mosquito,
confers immunity against the subse-
quent injection of the blood of an in-
dividual from the non-experimentali
form of this disease.
"a. The period of incubation in 10
cases of experimental yellow fever
has varied from Al hours to days and
IL hours.
IS. Yellow fever is not conveyed
by fomites, and hence, disinfection of
articles of clothing, bedding, or mer-
chandise, supposedly contaminated by
contact with those sick with this dis.
ease, is unnecessary.
o. A house NAV be said to be
infected with yellow fever only when
there are present within its walls
contaminated mosquitoes capable of
conveying the parasite of this dis
ease.
10. The spread of yellow fever
can be. most effectually controlled by
measures directed to the destruction
Of mosquitoes and the protection OF
the sick against the bites of these
insects.
IL. While the mode of propaga-
ton of yellow fever has now been
definitely determined, the specific
cause of this disease remains to be
discovered"
DR.. Carroll, in a subsequent visit
to Havana, demonstrated that the yell
low-feyer germ is so small that it
can pass through a Berkefeldt fill
Ter and that the serum which has sol
passed through the stone filter, can,
upon being injected into a non-im-
mune, produce the disease This in
dicates that it is ultra-microscopic.
The germ of yellow fever is still un-i
discovered, but the evidence is that it
is living germ-a protozoon and not
bacterium, that is, an animal and
not a plant