The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1913-11-06
RADIATION OF BODY
Perspiration or the Lack of 1t
CooIS and Heats.
In the Tropics or Arctics Temperature
Is Governed by Disqualification
Discomforts of Summer or Win
ter Are Overcome.

ter Are Overcome.
It is we'll to know what raises and,
what lowers the bodily temperature
In summer we all want to keep as
cool as possible, and we should know,
what will tend not merely to make us
seel cool but really to be cool
Except in sickness, when the temp
erature of the body is increased by
many degrees and is called fever, we
are never SO hot as at the moment
we are born. The temperature of
new born baby is higher than that
Of it's mother, rising to 1902 degrees
Fahrenheit, but during the first day
it goes down rapidly as far as 975,
and then rises again to a little more
than the normal temperature of the
adult. With this exception age does
not change the temperature, which ie
in the normal man 9S.6 on the aver
age.
The temperature varies as much as
two degrees in the "a hours. The
minimum is 97.5, and is reached at
about a. M, while the maximum
1915, is attained at four in the after
noon. 1t is notable that fasting or
sleep does not alter these tempera-
lures; those persons, however, who
work at night and rest by day reverse
the order of the variations in temp
erature. Thus bakers who work at
night have the highest temperature
of a q 11o and fhn mi I'M toward
evening.
In tropical countries the average
normal temperature is 1904, slightly
higher than in the temperate zones
In the arctic the normal temperature
is lower Norwegians, who live in a
cold climate, have an average temp
erature of 977
These variations are certainly due
to the difference in the temperature
of the air and not, as some have
thought, to differences of race, for
Norwegians attain the same tempera
ture as natives when they live in the
tropics
Muscular labor has considerable eff
feet upon the temperature and may
raise it as much as two degrees. One
scientist observed that with normal
exercise the temperature went up
from 977 to 100. In certain excep
tional cases the temperature rises
even more. A runner has been found
to mark 103 after a hard race In
tellectual labor causes a rise in temp
erature. Weiss shows that a man
sitting down to study hard with a
temperature of 81 raises it one degree
to SO by 40 minutes of brain work.
The maintenance Of the tempera-
! ture about certain standard in the
warm blooded animals, notwithstand
ing the variations Of external temp
erature, proves the existence of some
kind of internal regulator by which
the animal lights against the tendency
to increase or diminish his own heat
The resistance of warm blooded ami
| mails against cold is considerable. In
polar regions these animals-bears,
seals, musk oxen, dogs, etc.-with
stand temperatures of 80 degrees be-
low zero habitually, and Nansen re-
ports that he felt no great inconveni-
ence when the temperature was less
than 40 below.
The body uses two means Of fight
heat by radiation and increasing in
ternal combustion.
Diminution of radiation isa brought
about by the fur of the animals and
by mans clothing. Besides, there is
a construction of the blood vessels, or
diminution of the irrigation of the
skin, which brings about cooling of
creased radiation.
Increase of combustion is brought
about by increase of muscular activ-
ity, which, as we say, keeps us
warm and1by the eating of fats and
other foods of high carbon content.
In summer or in tropical climates
we have to fight increase of tempera-
ture which would arise from the in
vasion of the heat without or from
overcombustion within. The organ
ism overcomes heat by increasing ra-
diation and evaporation. The dilation
of the blood vessels causes the blood
to flow to the surface of the body,
and if the temperature without be not
higher than that of the blood the loss
by radiation is increased.
But it is especially by loss of water
that the warm blooded animals pre-
vent the rise Of temperature of the
body. The cold produced by evapora-
ton is great, for the loss of one gram
of water takes up about $50 small
calories. If, for instance, a man
evaporates a quart of water (by per-
spiration and evaporation through the
lungs) in "a hours he loses $50 large
calories-i. e., enough heat to lower
the temperature OF 116 pounds %of
water ten degrees.
This demonstrates the enormous
value of evaporation through skin and
lungs and the necessity for keeping
these organs in prime condition, espe-
cially during the warm weather, If
we are to bear it In comfort. 1t is
obviously, then, crime against the
body to overclothe It!