davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-02-17

Brief dispatches which gave gen
eral idea of the situation prior to the
fresh outbreak of hostilities were re-
ceived by the censors and allowed to
pass along to their respective destina-
tions, but the government apparently
is determined that not a word of fight
ing which has torn the city asunder
for eight days shall get out if it can
be prevented. @-ss
World Shut Off
The government has not op'y shut
the world off from Mexico City, but
so far as the public is concerned, has
shut Mexico City off from the world,
including the whole of the Mexican
republic. News dispatches sent Sat
urday night from the United States
to Mexico City were either refused
or held up, the intention evidently be-
ing that the residents in the capital
shall not be informed Of the measures
which have been undertaken by the
American and other governments to
protect their interests.
declaration that conditions in Mexico
outside of the capital are satisfactory adj
vices from various centers indicate that
there have been important movements in
favor of General Diaz.
Confirmation OF the breaking of the ar
mstice and the resumption of hostllties
has been received from Laredo, Tex,
where wire communication was estab-
lished with Mexico City early Sunday aft
ernoon and again as late as 8 o'clock at
night On both occasions the MESA ge
stated that a battle was on.
Official advices received from Ambassa.
dor wilson tell of the narrow escape OF
the British minister, Francis w. Strong,
from federal bullets while on his way to
d conference at the American embassy
ON Saturday. The automobile in which
Mr.. Strong was riding, escorted by a
federal guard, was struck in several
places. This gives some slight indication
of the difficulties and dangers encoun-
tered by the diplomatic representatives in
their endeavors to bring about a peace
settlement.
Further advIces from the ambassador
say that the majority of the American
residents have found places of relative
safety, although a few of them have re-
luSeu 10 dDdHuVi thcii AtoAhcS.
Madero's Message
President Madero's message to Presi-
dent Taft Saturday asking the American
government not to intervene, was as fol-
lows:
II have been informed that the govern
ment over which your excellency pre-
sides has ordered to set out for the ports
OF Mexico, war vessels with troops to dis
embark and come to this capital to give
guarantees of safety TO Americans.
Undoubtedly the information which
you have and which led you TO take this
action is inexaet and exaggerated, for the
lives of Americans in this capital are ct
present in no danger if they will aban-
don the zone of fire and concentrate in
certain points of the city or it's suburbs
where tranquility is absolute and where
the government can give all classes guar
antees.
''If you order Americans resident here
to do that, following the precedent estab-
listed by your own orders, previously is
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-02-17

The strongest censorship all dispatches has been estab
shed Mexico City Government officials took charge of the
cable office shortly after O'Clock Saturday evening and
rulessy discarded messages of correspondents to their papers
Code messages and all containing any expressions
whatever that might be into suggestion Of the
portant happenings the capital under the ban and
promptly conscated by the and his assistants
Nevertheless several dispatches of somewhat detached
nature escaped the vigilance of tie censorship and early bull
e flashed through that tie armistce signed at O'Clock
Sunday monng had been broken and that both sides
fighting savagely
The Mexican government unable however to shut off
the official dispatches of the diplomatic representatives but
these sent CIPHER considerable delay being experienced
because of the time occupied in translation and the fear
pressed that many things the Mexican capital de
rmenta to the foreign residents before the exact situation
learned by the home governments
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-02-17
YUAN SHI KAI WILL BE
RETURNED TO OFFICE

Peking February 1G.-Prescnt returns
from the general elections being held
throughout China indicate that President
Yuan shi Kai viii be returned TO office
by a substantial majority The deadlock
in the six power Chinese loan situation
has delayed the departure Of United States
Minister Calhoun for the United States.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-02-17
Representatives of Both
Sides Agree to Meet Fed
eral Mediators
SECRET CONFERENCE
is HELD BY HANGER
Thirty-four Thousand Firemen on the
Eastern Roads Will Be Affected
BY Decision-Carter Says Sta
tistics Favor Railroads

New York, February 16.--The crisis in
the controversy between the eastern rail
roads and their $4,000 f1remen. which last
week narrowed down to the method oi
arbitration TO be employed to settle the
differences between them. is expected to-
morrow, when representatives OF botl
sides haze agreed to meet Judge Knapp
of the commerce court. and G. W. ~
Hanger, acting commissioner of labor, the
federal medators, in final effort tc
avert a strike.
We are waiting for Judge Knapp and
Mr.. Hanger to announce that they are
unable, under the federal laws to secure
arbitration.. President w. s. Carter OF
the Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen
and Enginemen said tonight This means
that nothing will be done by us until to-
morrow"
Mr.. Hanger met with the conference
committee of managers today, but de-
clined tonight to discuss the nature OF
the conference. He said that tomorrow
he would join Judge Knapp. who is ex-
.pected' to return from Washington late
tonight for further meetings with both
sides. Much significance is attached tc
this hurried visit OF Judge Knapp to
Washington. and also to the conference
today OF Mr. Hanger and the railroad
managers, and another proposal as to tfe
method of arbitration is expected to pe
made to the firemen tomorrow.
Replying to the statement made By
President Carter. Mr.. Hanger said
When we announce that we are unable
to bring both sides TO terms of arbitra-
tion, then IT VIII he up to Mr. Carter Il
act. We will nave done all that was pos
sibIe under the conditions
Carter Discusses Erdman Act
Tn formal statement to the public to-
right, President Carter discussed the Erd-
man act under the terms of which the
railroad managers have refused to aroi-
trate and contradicted various declara.
tions of the railroads regarding the arbi-
tration board OF seven which settled the
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-02-17

Sofia, February 1G.-A Bulgarian bat
terry and a mining detachment have COM
pleteIy destroyed the Turkish battleship
sar-I-Tewifik. which ran ashore Feb
ruary II at Karaburun on the Black sea
coast. The Bulgarians have also sunk a
Turkish transport with all hands off
Charkeui.
ST. Petersburg. February 16.-The Rus
sian emperor's reply to the letter recently
sent him by the Austrian emperor lis short
End decisive He declares that Austria $
attitude in recent issues has impeled
Russia to support the interests OF her
slav brothers.
AZ the same time the Russian emperor
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-02-17
Only Brief Dispatches Relating to the
General Situation Prior to Fresh
Outbreak of Battle and Messages
Of the Diplomatic Represen-
tdtives Are Passed
ATTEMPT TO PREVENT DETAILS
OF FIGHTING REACHING WORLD;
INCOMING NEWS is SUPPRESSED

Armstice Signed Clock Sunday Morning Lasts Only
Few Hours and Savage Fighting is Resumed -Madero Re-
iterates Refusal to Resign-Expect This Will Be Fight
to the Finish-Madero Protests Against Interven-
tion in Note to President Taft
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-02-17
Women and Children to Flee

Washington February l6.-Hurried prep-
arations were made in Mexico City to-
day for the flight OF american women
and children from the stricken city TO
safety within the borders of the United
states
AS soon as the armistice had been de-
tContinued on Page Two)
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-02-17
Amendment to Constitution

the controlling factor in preventing action
on the single presidential term resolution
in the House President-elect Wilson is
understood TO have some definite views
on the subject of this proposed amend
ment TO the federal constitution, and DEM
ocratlc leaders therefore determined not
to act on II In the closing days of the
Congress-. This determination was
strengthened by the argument Of many
democrats that II the amendment were
submitted to the states in its present
form many friends Of Colonel Roosevelt
would oppose its ratification on the ground
that It would prohibit them from renomi-
nating him II they SO desired.
A counter move by the Senate demo-
a.. Do.. Txxol
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-02-17
CONGRESS PREPARED
TO TAKE HAND IN THE
MEXICAN SITUATION
Both Houses Ready to Act
if Intervention is Found
Necessary
LEGISLATION ALMOST
COMES TO STANDSTILL
No More General Legislation of I'M
portant Nature Before Adjourn
ment-Attempt to Repass
immigration Bill

Washington, February 16-With the
shadow of possible Mexican intervention
lowering over Congress, general legisla-
tive activity in both houses has come
practically to a standstill.
No immediate need to take up the ques-
tion of warlilSe moves against Mexico is
anticipated, but both houses of Congress
are prepared to receive the issue should it
be thrust upon them in the remaining
days of the Taft administration or after
the new Congress comes into being on
March T.
1t has been determined that there will
be no more general legislation of an inn
portant nature before adjournment. one
more problem was handed over to the
new administration last week when the
House Judiciary committee decided to take
no action on the single six year presi-
Dental term resolution. This had passed
the Senate by the narrow margin of one
vote and promised heated controversy
had the judiciary committee given the
House a chance to consider IT,
Most of the other debated questions also
have been lifted out of this Congress by
the events of the last week. and the re-
naming time will be devoted to appropri-
alton bills and minor legislation
An attempt in both houses to repass
the 9literary test immigration bill over
President TAfts veto viii mark the OPEN
ing of the week and the friends of the
measure in the House and Senate express
confidence that 1t will receive a two-third
majority and become law notwith-
standing the Presidents disapproval.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-02-17
Mexican Affairs Figure

Mexican affairs have figured much IN
the underourrent OF congressional talk
during the week. but the members who
keel, in closest touch with the foreign af-
fairs of the United States have declined to
be drawn into any advocacy of American
intervention. The large majority in both
houses are opposed to any aggressive ac-
ton by the United States under present
conditions that would involve this coun-
try in struggle that could not end un-
I'll internal peace had been established in
Mexico.
This subject is expected to be one of tho
heritages of President Wilson's adminis-
tratlon and democratic leaders are prepar-
ing to meet any Developments.
AT present the democratic managers OF
the House are more alarmed at the legis-
Iative situation and the prospect that
many of the annual appropriation bills
will not be passed than at threatened for
eign imbroglios. Attacks from within the
democratic ranks on the ground that
economy pledges" have not been kept by
the democratic House have added to the
burden OF the democratic managers.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-02-17
Republicans Discouraged

Senate republicans who mapped out a
Legislative programme at caucus sat
prday have little hope that amy OF tic
bills recommended for passage will go
through at this session, the railroad physi-
cal valuation bill being the only one in
dorsed by the caucus which Is believed to
have the slightest chance. That measure
is still before a Senate committee. where
hearings are being held. Should 1t pass
the Senate II would be 50 altered from the
form of the original House bill that con-
ference committee would he necessary to
adjust the differences, "a task that might
prove impossible of completion before adj
jourlment.
The House is expected TO take eognizance
OF the programme laid out by the re-
publieans of the Senate. The latter have
determined to concentrate their efforts
upon the physical valuation bill, a tariff
commission bill. not yet prepared; the
LaFollette legislative reference bureau
bill, the LaFollette eight hour bill for
women workers In the District of Colum-
ba and the Crawford anti-injunction bill
Success for any one of these measures
in the House al this late stage Of the sea-
son IS practically impossible according to
leading men in that body.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-02-17

tContinued on Page Twoo
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-02-17

tconrInuee ON Page Two)
The Birmingham age-herald., 1913-02-17

tContisusd :. PAGE Two,
The ranch. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1902-1914, 1913-10-15

= Government ownership Of all tele-
phone and telegraph lines is to be
given serious consideration by Con-
gress during the coming regular ses'
sion and bills to this effect will be in
troduced. While President Wilson
has made no statement Of his policy
in the matter, it is openly stated that
he approved of the plan and one Of
the biggest struggles of legislative
history is anticipated for the coming
winter.-EX.
The ranch. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1902-1914, 1913-10-15
The Fundamental Principles of Good Farming.

The following matter is taken from
a circular on "Fall Breaking and the
Preparation of the Seed Bed," issued
September 16, 1913, by the Farmers
Cooperative Demonstration Work of
the Bureau of Plant Industry:
Upon the Inauguration of the
Farmers Cooperative Demonstration
Work in the Southern states it was
found necessary to outline some of
the fundamental principles OF good
farming and to insist that the tillers
of the soil should become familiar
with them and practice them as first
step in the betterment of farm life.
These principles follow:
1. Prepare deep and thoroughly
pulverized seed bed, we'll drained /;
break in the fall to depth of 8, 10
or II inches, according to the soil
with implements that will not bring
too much of the subsoil to the sur
face. THE foregoing depths should
be reached gradually IT the field is
broken with an ordinary turning
pillow. lie disk pillow is used, it is
safe to break to the above depths at
once.
2. Use seed of the best variety, in
diligently selected and carefully
stored.
3. In cultivated crops give the
rows and the plants in the rows a
space suited to the plant, the soil
and the climate.
4. Use intensive tillage during the
growing period o. the crops.
5. Secure a high content of humus
ia the soil by the use of legumes,
barnyard manure and farm refuse.
6. Carry out systematic crop ro-
tation with winter cover crop on
southern farms.
T. Accomplish more work in day
The ranch. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1902-1914, 1913-10-15

lands this practice should be followed.
This will give drainage, reduce
washing, and deepen the loose soil SO
that air and warmth may better do
their work of preparation for plant
growth.
WINTER MANAGEMENT.
In case no winter cover crop is used
the level land should be disked or
narrowed two or three times during
the winter, provided it is dry enough.
Give good drainage to all parts of the
field.
Any cultivation done after the deep
fall breaking should be shallow-not
more than three or four inches deep.
The ranch. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1902-1914, 1913-10-15

| by using more horsepower and better
implements.
8. Increase the farm stock to the
extent of utilizing all the coarse food
and idle lands of the farm.
9. Produce all the food required
for the men and animals on the farm.
10. Keep an account of each farm
product, in order to know from which
the gain or loss arises.
Natures plan of improving soils is
to use cover crop Of weeds, grass,
shrubs or trees and to subsoil by
sending the roots down one, two,
three or four feet, as the case may be,
thus airing and enriching the subsoil
without bringing it to the surface.
In the Farmers Cooperative Dem
onstration Work the Importance Of a
deep and thoroughly prepared seed
bed, like garden, has been most
widely demonstrated. Thousands of
tests have been made each year by
exact and painstaklng farmers to an
extent that leaves no possible room
for doubt as to the great value of a
deep and thoroughly prepared seed
bed.
Concretely stated, deep. thorough
ly pulverized seed bed filled with
humus has the following advantages:
l. 1t provides more food, because
it increases chemical action and
multiplies bacterial life in larger
body of soil.
2. It stores more moisture and it
loses its moisture less rapidly on ac-
count of its cooler lower strata and
| the presence Of more humus.
3. It increases the number and
length of roots that plant will throw
out.
A. 1t allows plants to root deeper
and find permanent moisture.
IS. 1t largely obvlates tue necessity
of terracing, because it holds so much
water in suspension that heavy rain
falls will 60 to the bottom and be held
by the drier earth above until they
can be absorbed by the subsoil
6. Humus enables the soil to store
more moisture, increases its temporal
ture, makes it more porous, furnishes
plant food, stimulates chemical ac-
ton, and fosters bacterial life.
EXCEPTIONS TO GENERAL
RULES FOR DEEP FALL
FLOWING.
l. Never pillow below the line OF
standing water in the soil, because
the subsoil can not be pulverized in
water. The water level must first be
lowered by drainage.
2. Do no deep blowing on deep,
light sandy land, and this especially
applies to elevated sandy table lands,
which drift in windy weather Such
lands can be helped by adding humus
and, except in semi-arid regions, by
using a winter cover crop.
3. The object of deep fall blowing
is mainly to increase the supply of
plant food and the storage of moisture
in the soil.
4. Do not pillow deeply or subsoil
in the spring. The subsoil is gener-
ally too full of water, and it is too
lot 10 f~x nFa oe ~
The Prescott daily news., 1913-08-27
SUPT. FRANK IS SENTENCED
Found Guilty of Murder of 14-Year-OId Employe, Will Hang Oct. 10-
 Attorneys Ask for New Trial.

Atlanta, Ga, Aug. 27.-A sentence of death was pronounced upon Leo M. Frank, convicted of murdering Mary Phagan. His execution was set for Oct. 10. A motion for new trial was immediately filed by his attorneys.
 Leo M. Frank was convicted of the murder last April of 14-year-old Mary Phagan, an employe at the local National Pencil company's factory, of which Frank was superintendent Spectators had been excluded from the courtroom when the jury reported, but large crowd which had assem- bled outside the courthouse received the news with noisy demonstrations Frank, who by agreement of counsel had been permitted to remain in his cell in the county jail, was informed of the jury's findings an hour later, and heard his fate unmoved, although his wife who was with him. collapsed.
 Franks trial began July 28. James Conley, negro, gave the only direct testimony against the defendant. swearing he had stood guard outside the factory office while Frank was alone with the Phagan girl and later helped Frank carry the body to the basement The negro also charged the defendant with degeneracy. Late in the trial the defendant made a statement denying all knowledge of the crime.
The Prescott daily news., 1913-08-27
FARM NOTES ACCEPTABLE
ON PAR WITH COMMERCIAL PA PER IN AMENDED GLASS BILL.
Provision Adopted by Unanimous Vote by Democratic House Caucus
 Bankers Crowned Upon

Washington, Aug. 27.-With the principal sections of the currency bill disposed of, the house leaders are satisfied that the bill will be adopted by the Democratic caucus by the end of this week. There is no disposition in the house to make any of the changes suggested by the bankers in convention at Chicago.
 President Wilson does not regard the objections raised by the Chicago conference as representing the view of the rank and file of bankers throughout the country. He indicated to callers his general opposition to the various proposals of the confer ence The president said he had re- celved expressions of hearty support for the administration bill, not only from business men generally, but from many bankers throughout the coun- try, and would not compromise on it's essential features.
 The house Democratic caucus has disposed of the discount section of the currency bill by adopting an amendment which clarifies the mean ing of the section as originally writ ten. It was upon this section that the radicals have been making their prin- cipal fight.
 Representative Henry and his fol lowers desired that the bill be changed, so that cotton, wheat and other farm commodities would be ac- cepted in warehouse as currency. The Henry faction wanted farming prod ucts held in bond to he accepted as re-
The Prescott daily news., 1913-08-27

months.
 As originally written, the Glass bill proposed that any commodities might be the basis for short-time paper which, in turn, would be rediscounted at the reserve banks for currency.
 The time limit for such rediscounts in the original bill was 60 days. The amendment lengthens the period to go days. as is the limit at the Bank of France for smaller transactions.
 A fight was made on the provision establishing an advisory council of bankers, but the radicals lost and the section will remain intact.
The Prescott daily news., 1913-08-27
SECRETARY OF INTERIOR AT GOVERNORS CONFERENCE ON
 BEHALF OF GOVERNMENT.
SOME WOULD CURB CONGRESS
Efforts Directed Toward Safeuuasdino State Rights-Pet Theories Aired -Gov. CoIquit of Texas Would
 Go After Mexico.

Colorado Springs, Colo, Aug. 27.- It is poor train that fails to bring additional governors into Colorado Springs. Many state executives who will participate in the conference here during the rest of the week are al. ready in town, but the real rush did not end until last night. The govern ors are busy men, and not many of them could spend more time away rom their various capitals than was
The Prescott daily news., 1913-08-27
absolutely necessary.

In addition to the governors, thera were a number of eX-governors on hand, also Secretary of the Interior Franklin K. Lane, representing Presi. dent Wilson at the gathering.
 Gov. Ammons of Colorado and Mayor Ackesson of Colorado Springs made the addresses of welcome at the opening session, and Gov Spry of Utah responded, After that business consisted largely of routine--the ap. pointment of committees aud other preliminaries of the conference.
 Will Air Pet Theories.
 Outside the regular program, many Of the governors have pet theories which they intend to discuss, and the controversies some of these proposi tons promise to provoke are likely to be very lively.
 Gov. Ammons of Colorado. for in. stance, opposes national conservation believing, instead, in the state control of public lands. Gov Hodges of Kan sas favors commission government of states. Gov. Hunt of Arizona would abolish legislatures and vest their powers in the governors and their cabinets. Gov. Mann of Virginia wants a national highway from the Atlantic to the Pacific and another one from Canada to Mexico. Also he wants pro, hibition in Virginia.
 Gov. Colquit of Texas wants Mexi. can gore-at any rate, he wants it un. less the Mexicans are very circum. spect in their attitude toward Texas. q can't protect the people of the United States against Mexican out. rages,' he said, but l can and will protect Texans. Texas will hold any Mexican who sheds Texans blood personally responsible, with his life for it."
 Take Prominent Parts.
 Gov. McGovern of Wisconsin. Gov ONeal of Alabama and Gov. .Ammons or Colorado constitute the executive