davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-06-30
General Forecast.

Forecast until Z p. m. Tuesday:
Georgia-Local thundershowers to-
night or Tuesday.
North Carolina and South Carolina.
Florida, Alabama, Mississippi and Ten
nessee-Local thundershowers tonight
or Tuesday,
Virgnia-Fair tonight and Tuesday;
slightly warmer in central portion to-
night.
Louisiana and East Texas-Showers
to- night or Tuesday.
west Texas-Fair tonight and Tues
day.
Illinois and Internationally fair;
not so warm.
Indiana-Scattered showers; not SO
warm.
Mlchigan-Local thunderstorms, and
cooler
Wisconsin--Probable showers; cooler
tonight; Tuesday fair. cooler
Minnesota, North Dakota, South Da-
kota, Nebraska, Kansas. Iowa and Mon
tana-Fair and cooler.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-06-30
LEGAL NOTICES.
S9Tf

ADMINISTRATORS SALE.
BY virtue OF an order from the Court
of Ordinary Of Fulton County, will be
sold at public cutlery on the first Tues
day in July, 1913. at the Court House
door In said County, between the legal
hours Of sale. the following described
property namely:
Twelve shares Of stock in the Chest
nut HIN Cemetery Association. par value
Of each share being s25. The said stock
is evidenced by stock certificate No. s
Of the said company, and was issued to
Allen Cox on the 9Th day Of December,
1872 Terms OF the said sale will be
cash MARTHA cox,
Administrator of the Estate of Allen
Cox.
This June 9Th. 1913. ell
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-06-30
LIVERPOOL COTTON MARKET.

LIVERFOOL, june 3O.-This market
was due to open 81 points higher on
July and to Az points higher on other
positions. but opened steady at a net
advance Of IL to l point. At 1915 p.
m. the market was quiet at a net decline
Of p to l point.
Fair business doing in spot cotton at
unchanged quotations: middling 6. 76d /;
sales 5000 bales. including 100 Ameri-
can bales imports 5000, Including 1000
American bales.
with prices unchanged to ~ points
lower, with the exception of July-Au-
gust. which was Y point higher than
saturdays final
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-06-30

CHICAGO, June 30.-W. B. Snow,
back today from ten-day trip through
Northwest says with the exception
Of a few places North and East of
Aberdeen, where two strictly local but
heavy rains during the past two weeks
brought relief, the wheat area in the
Jim River Valley of South Dakota is in
very bad shape. This means something
over a million acres on which the crop
is poorer than last year upon a much
smaller area in the same district. Es-
Inmates are futile until the effect of
the rains reported to-day can be
gagged, but the crop of the State may
not be much more than so per cent OF
asst year"
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-06-30
THE WEATHER.


WASHINGTON. June 30.-It will be
somewhat warmer tonight and Tues
day in the Middle Atlantic and New
England States, and tonight in the
upper Ohio Valley and lower Lake re-
gion Temperatures will be somewhat
lower tonight and Tuesday in the upper
Lake region and Tuesday in the lower
Ohio Valley.
night or Tuesday in the South Atlantic
and Gulf States, Tennessee, the lower
Ohio Valley and the region Of the Great
Lakes. In the upper Ohio Valley, the
Middle and New England States the
weather will be fair tonight and Tues
day
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-06-30
Futures opened steady.
HAYWARD cLARKs COTTON
LETTER

NEW ORLEANS, June 30.-Weather
developments over Sunday were dis
tinctly favorable. Rainfall was good and
general except in Arkansas and Okla
homa, and it was slightly cooler except
in the north central belt. Indications
are for more rain in the entire belt and
cooler in the northern portion. Arkan-
sas has good prospects of getting the
needed rains
The Shreveport Times says reports
from twelve Parishes in North Louis
lana indicate that crop shows consid-
cradle improvement. Needs rain, but
hot weather has kept weevil damage
down.
Liverpool was poor with futures about
points lower than due. Spots I'M
changed, sales 5000 bales Our market
eased in the early trading to around
ll.50 for new crops, but was, as usual,
pulled up by the strength of July New
York, which, according to a report from
Liverpool that spot demand is slow, and
advices from New York, is the main
feature of the market.
NEW ORLEANS COTTON.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-06-30
OPINION ON GRAIN.

CHICAGO, June 3O.-Bartlett, Frazier
g Co: Wheat-Cash demand has been
disappointing lately and all conditions
nnsidered we are inclined to look for
rather lower market to-day
Corn-Saturday market showed
hesitation on the part Of new buyers
md we rather feel the market, for the
moment at least, has had fully enough
advance.
Oats-We are inclined to look for
over prices.
Provisions Hog receipts slightly be
low estimate Market does not show
same amount Of strength which was
noticeab BILE recently and there seems to
1e more disposition to realize.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-06-30

Cotton quotations:
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-06-30
PROPITIOUS RAINS
SEND GRAINS OFF
Wheat offered Freely for July
Shipment-CabIes Easy and
Receipts Liberal.

CHICAGO, June 6-Wheat was :. q
&c lower early on general rains I'm the
Dakotas over Sunday and scattered
rains in the Canadian Northwest In
addition to this as bearish helps was
the liberal receipts in our own North
" est, Minneapolis and Duluth getting
1863 cars, against $50 cars a year ago
Longs were the principal sellers this
morning
Corn was q a sac lower this morning
The rains throughout portions Of the
corn belt and indications Of additional
rains were the principal bearish helps
Oats were asqiac lower along with
the other grains.
There was little change shown in the
provision market, which ruled strong,
save for pork, which was a trifie lower.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-06-30

VIDALIA.-The largest consign-
ment of wire fence ever received in
this section has been delivered to Il
local dealer. The shipment OF 80 cars
exceeded the total tonnage Of a sin
gle train. There is not q warehouse
in the county large enough to hold it.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-06-30
HILRURN HOTEL.

10 AND II WALTON ST,
FOR gentlemen only; center OF city.
near new postoff.ce; rate SOC, 75c and
100 5-31-10
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-06-30
Pistol DueIists Fined.

WAYCROSS.-T. T. Sims and
Frank LarCach, who had pistol duel
on Tebeau Street Saturday night be-
cause of trouble that had been brew
ing between them for 81 ne time, were
to- day bound over to City Court for
trial They we're fined $40 each in
Police Court
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-06-30
1000 See First Train

NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. 1000 peo-
pie gathered at Tignall, twelve miles
north of Washington, TO witness the
arrival of the first train into the
town over the Elberton and Eastern
Railroad, which has just been com
peted from Elberton TO Tign,dl, q
miles.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-06-30
s2OO,O0O in DAMAGE Suits.

JACKSON.-With a calendar Of
more than 80 civil cases, a number OF
criminal charges. the city court of
Jackson will be convened on July IA
by Judge H. NJ. Fletcher. Damages
Of more than 5000 900 are asked of the
Central Georgia and the Towaiiga
Power Companies,
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-06-30

JACKSON.-With Mrs. ]. T. Bla-
7a7a Of GAINESVILLE, district secre-
+arv presiding. the District Confer
snca Of the Griffin Methodist Wo-
mans Missionary Societies will con-
v -f.r in Jackson tonight for three
davs' session. About so delegates are
expected.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-06-30
BANK CLEARINGS ARE OFF
FROM SAME WEEK OF 1912

for the week ending June 26 aggregate
s2,94I ,g57 900, against S3.2s5. 100 900 the
preceding week and $3.50, 231 900 in the
corresponding week last year, according
TO Bradstreets tabulation. Following
are the returns for the principal CEN
ters, with percentages of change from
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-06-30

VIDALIA.-The ladder truck re-
GENTLY purchased by the Vidalia Coun-
ell for the fire department has ar
rived and is on exhibition. For the
seresent ii will be under the superVi-
s}on Of chief MurchisOn until a COM
many can be assigned to it.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-06-30

NEWS IN BRIEF

VIDALIA.-The Southeastern Sing
ing Convention held a session az
Rockledge Sunday, A basket dinner
was served on the grounds.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-06-30
Quiet Fourth for Jackson.

JACKSON-The Fourth Of July
wiu be celebrated without much ado
in Jackson The banks and business
houses will be closed. and two base
ban games will be attractions No
SET program will be carried out.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-06-30
Coatless earaea Class.

DALTON-Mrs. J. S. McLemore,
teacher of the large Baraca class Of
the First Baptist Church, Sunday re
s6Nlested all men of the class to re-
move their coats, owing to the exces-
SiVe heat.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-06-30
DYNAMITE INJURIES FOUR.

LEXINGTON, June So.-Four men
were probably fatally injured in
cBeattvville. Ky. by an explosion of
4vnamite on a railroad track in the
Streets of the town. The injured are
r Rocco Cordi. Dommi RossE James
Rich and Daniel Jlcicco. A drlll
struck the dynamite. All were hurled
some distance.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-06-30
Water WAGON for Jackson.

JACKSON.-The street Sprinkler
recently ordered by the city of Jack
son has arrived. The main streets of
the town will be sprinkled.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-06-30
Storm Damage in Murray

DALTON-A severe windstorm,
which visited Murray County con-
siderably damaged the telephone sys-
tenn poles and wires being blown
down. Numerous trees were uprooJ-
ed and farm crops were damaged.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-06-30
3 BATTLESH|PS
NEEDEDEVEN
IN PEACE
Colonel Graves Points Out "Ami-
cable Settlement" Must Be
Due to Jap Failure.
BY JOHN TEMPLE eRAVEsE.

WASHINGTON, June 30.-A very
high official of the Government goes
so far as to say that The Japanese
question is no longer serious"
The same official has expressed
views Numerically opposite within
the last two weeks.
It is understood that the recent
Resignation of the Minister of War
from the Japanese cabinet and the
substitution for him of an official who
is committed to the policy Of peace
Of Toxic and of Washington. has
been of special interest to the Sec
rotary of State and OF the Japan
csc ambassador.
Z Rumors Say Peace.
1t has given a forward impetus
to the rumors floating about the
State Department that a basis of
amicable settlement has about been
reached
The Hearst papers for a week past
have reported an official atmosphere
that indicates some present under
standing between the Premier of
Japan, his ambassador here and the
American Secretary of State.
1t is difficult for the readers Of
the recent diplomatic correspond
ence and for the student Of inter
national affairs to see how the
japanese contention can end so
softly and harmlessly as assurances
at Washington would have the pub
lie understand.
The japanese had an apparently
vital contention upon which they
have never received any satisfaction.
The japanese are a brave and
martial people. absolutely self CON
fdent in war The Japanese know
that they are prepared as we are
unprepared for war. They have
much to gain by war and this is
their time of all times to enter upon
it.
Jap Failure the Reason.
If the japanese contention is to
end now, as the very high official
most positively asserts, it can only
mean that Japan has failed to make
& satisfactory neutrality treaty with
Russia, or 10 find the finances for
struggle with the United States over
the vital question Of racial integrity
and national honor.
Before the American people per
nit themselves to be lulled to sleep
by official assurance they will wish
to know something definite about
Japans money chest and the sue
cess or failure of the recent en-
gcleayor to neutralize Russia
Until then it is good policy to be
-amiable but alert, and to press upon
the Sixty third Congress the I'M
PERATIVE DISCRETION o F
THREE NEW BATTLESHIPS
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-06-30
cHokEs ON HIS OWN TONGUE.

PHILADELPHIA, June 3O.-Chas
Artoro, aged 20, choked to death on
his own tongue which had stuck IN
his throat while he was in a fit.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-06-30

NIDALIA.-An all-day singing and
picnic dinner was held Sunday at the
Rose Hill Church in Emanuel Coun-
ty near Oak Park.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-06-30
LOST AND FOUND.


Certainly some reader of The
Atlanta Georgian and Hearsts
Sunday American has located
your lost article
All lost artiCels advertised in
ALL the Atlanta papers or re-
ported TO our Lost and Found
Bureau are listed for thirty
days and can be seen at any
time at IS Peachtree Street.
LOST-At Piedmont Park Sunday morn
ing three rings-diamond, ruby and
signet-with initials f. d, S Telephone
Decatur 613. Reward 80 6
STRAYED-White and sable Scotch col
lie, Answers to name Sport. Has one
blue eye Reward for return Mrs.
Keith, 1879 East Tenth Street. 1901
LOST-On Central Avenue car, between
10 and II d. m. Thursday morning,
pink linen dress in a box from Capital
City Laundry. Finder please return to
lO1 Pulliam Street and receive reward
S1,80-6
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-06-30
THREE DROWN IN SEWER.

CLEVELAND, OHIO. June 30
Three lives were lost when seven
workmen were carried into a sewer By
Z cave-in TO day.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-06-30
Dalton District Conference.

DALTON.-An important confer
ence of the Dalton District, North
Georgia Methodist Conference will De
beI5 here July s to 10. Scores OF
visiting ministers and delegates VIII
be in attendance.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-06-30
VISIBLE SUPPLY CHANGES.

Following shows the weekly visible
supply changes Of grain for the week.
Wheat, decreased POS 900 bushels.
Corn, increased 1850 900 bushels
Oats. increased 2.s29. 900 bushels
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-06-30
MINING STOCKS

BOSTON, June 3O-Opening: Ari-
IONA Commercial, ~; Alaska, II;
American Zinc, 1sA Boston Ele-
waited. So.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-06-30

LONDON. June 3O-Bar silver steady
al rs l5-16d.
NEW YORK, June 3e.-Comnercial
bar silver, $3.50; Mexican dollars 4Sc.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-06-30

II you have anything to sell advertise
In The Sunday American. Largest cir
culatlon Of any Sunday newspaper In
the South
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-06-30
RAILWAY SCHEDULES.
SOUTHERN RAILWAY
CARRIER
"SOUTH

ARRIVAL AND DEPARTURE OF
PASSENGER TRAINS. ATLANTA.
The following schedule figures are
published only as information, and are
not guaranteed.
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-06-30
PoRT RECEIPTS.

The following table shows receipts at
the ports to-day compared with the
same day last year:
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-06-30
INTERIOR MOVEMENT.


MILLER coTTER COTTON LETTER.
MEMPHIS. June 30.-It is stated that
freight room has been engaged for ship
ment Of 10000 bales out of the New
York stock. This makes sellers of Au-
bust subject to an attack, as since Liver
pool bought few October, the whole
market has been steady. Excellent
rains in Texas and Eastern States are
boon to crop, and if present unsettled
conditions bring rain to valley the out
look viii be brilliant. Speculation is
timid, however. pending the Bureau re-
port and fears of summer manipulation
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1913-06-30
LIVERPOOL GRAIN MARKET.

LIVERPOOL June 30.-Wheat
opened y to sd lower At 1870 p. m
the market was unchanged to I'D
lower: closed 4 TO sd lower.
Corn opened I'D lower. At 1880 p m
the market was i4d lower; closed 4 to
sd lower.
The Nashville globe. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1906-193?, 1913-01-17

have been any factions" in the inau-
gural work, they have been efectual-
ly obliterated and harmony is the
watchword from now until the 4th
of March.
Steps are being taken to have Con-
vention hall put into first-class shape
for the inaugural ball, and the sub
committees that will look after the
various features of the great parade
are being marshalled into ACTION. For
grand marshal of the colored division
Nessrs. w. T. Ferguson, w. H. Ha--
ris, A. B. Cosey and others are said
to be under consideration. Homes for
visitors are being carefully listed and
there is no doubt that there will be
ample accommodations for all. Staff
officers for the various states are to
be appointed within the fewest of
days, so everybody will know just
what is expected Of them. The press
committee will keep the country in
touch with the committee and its la
bors. The largest crowd in the his.
tory of i~naugurations is expected here
in March.
The Nashville globe. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1906-193?, 1913-01-17
BACK TO Iii SOIL.

One of the marked educational
tendencies of the present is the gener-
al effort to carry to the farmers the
information needed in each particular
locality. To accomplish this impor-
tant purpose the nation, the state and
now the counties are appropriating
the money necessary to secure the
services of experts in the line of this
special work. The average farmer,
whether white or black will be bene-
fitted when the proposed school of in
structlon has been fully established.
The high cost of living due mainly to
the increase in population without
corresponding increase in the amount
of farm products has forced an earnest
consideration of the steps necessary
to supply the increased demand. In
this country we are blessed with the
acreage, the soil, the climate and the
market and there is no reason why
all farmers will not avail themselves
Of the contemplated opportunity to
ascertain in what particular directions
lHelI tlOIlS SLOulu NC ulCNLCu III vi
der to secure the very best results
In nearly every county Of this state
there are Negro farmers and wher
the expert is in their locality they
should seek every advantage that hi
instructions Offer We ore informed
that Prof. N. c. Bruce, the presiden
of the Bartlett Agricultural and In
dustrial Institute will hold a farmers
conference at Dalton, Missouri. OF
January 10th and 18th. Every pei
son interested in the welfare Of tn
race should lend his aid to make tn
meeting a success. Prof, Bruce j
giving to the students Of Bartlett II
stitute an ocular demonstration o
what may be accomplished hv we'll d
rected and intelligent eifort-Th
Home Protective Record.
The Nashville globe. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1906-193?, 1913-01-17

economical and just use of the public
funds.
The things which the State needs
done the worst can all be done, if we
do not scatter our energies and re-
sources.
a Legislature can waste enough
money on junkets, unnecessary IN
ployes and other legislative extrava-
gancies to meet the expenses of .
needy institution or a great depart
ment.
u is very important for the Legis,
latule not to delay the consldet ltion
Of the appropriation bill until the last
hurried and confused days of the ses-
sion. This practice has cost the State
dearly.
Uust that the record of this Cen
crGl Assembly may be c%reditable to
it, members and the State. l be-
sTeak the cooperation of each inai.
vl0bai Legislator, and assure him Of
my earnest sympathy and suppor. IN
ever movement that promises COED
foc Tennessee.
BEN w. HOOPER, Governor.
The Nashville globe. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1906-193?, 1913-01-17
MORE NEGROES THAN WHITES
IN OUR PUBLIC SCHOOLS.

Every year as the reports of the
various county superintendent are
made to the State Superintendent of
Education by whom they are compiled,
the newspapers make much of the
above headlines. 1t is true that more
Negro children are going to school
than whites but only for the reason
that there are many more Negroes
to go. The majority of the Negro
children are just about going" to
school and that's about all. That
this is true is easily seen by the fol
lowing data given by the State Su
perintendent of Education:
Amount spent per capita for Ne
groes S1.9S. The highest expendi
ture per capita was in Charleston
county and that was only $685.. The
lowest which was almost nothing was
in Saluda county, only 80 cents.
Really a state which processes be
lief theoretically at least) in Negro
education ought to be ashamed foI
such figures to be known. No would
be politicians ought talk about spend
ing the white taxpayers money 70,
Negroes any more with such a show
ing. For if the Negroes are not pay
ing for their own education accord
ing to these figures. then the colore,
citizens of this state are certainly
poverty-ridden set, likes of which car
not be found in any other state O
the Union.-South Indicator.
The Nashville globe. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1906-193?, 1913-01-17
NEGRO BOARD OF TRADE CON-
DUCTS CAMPAIGN-HlGH
WATER VICTIMS

A mass-meeting is to be held Fri
day night at the rooms of the Negro
Board of Trade to formally launch
the movement to raise a fund among
the colored citizens to be used for the
benefit of victims of high waters,
many of whom, it is understood, are
greatly in need of assistance, and who
will necessarily be without perma-
nent LIVING quarters for several weeks
to come.
The Executive Committee of the
Negro Board of Trade took up the
question of aiding the flood sufferers
at a meeting held last Tuesday night
and decided upon this movement. AL
ready a number of subscriptions to
the fund being raised by the Board
have been made, an official record OF
which is being kept by the secretary
of the Board of Trade. A number Of
reliable solicitors for funds have also
been appointed who are making q
personal canvass and it is hoped thai
the efforts that are being put forward
in this direction will serve to greatly
benefit many Of these rendered help
less because of the high waters.
The Negro Eoard of Trade will b.
glad to have the cooperation of al
charitable and other organizations II
The Nashville globe. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1906-193?, 1913-01-17
PRESS ASSOCIATION GOES TO
PHILADELPHIA.

Special to the Globe.
Washington, D. c., Jan. 14.-In re-
Spouse to the insistent demands Of
the newspaper fraternity of the City
of Brotherly Love, the officers of the
National Negro Press Association
have agreed to change the call for
the meeting February 1 from Wash
ington to Philadelphia. AS the ma
tional convention of the Association
is to meet there next August, this
preliminary conference will give the
brethren a chance to become better
acquainted, and in a heart-to-heart
exchange of views, a clearer line can
be obtained touching the plans and
purposes Of the organization. 1t is
understood that the local arrange
ments are in the hands of Prof. R. R.
Wright, Jr., editor of the Christian
Recorder, and Pennsylvania member
Of the executive committee of the AS
ISOLATION. The meeting will be called
to order at 2 p. m. on Saturday, Feb.
ruary l, thus allowing the editors
from Baltimore, Washington, New
York and other neighboring points
ample time to wind up their business
for the day and reach the place a
the hour named. President R. w
Thompson, Chairman N. B. Dodson
Secretary Henry Allen Boyd, togethel
with a contingent representing man!
of u best journals, will be on hand
1t is expected that the establishment
Of a national news bureau, standard
ization of advertising, methods for in
crease of circulation and changes il
the oficiary will be among the impoI
tant matt etsrbo oi-iUOW- y vbgkq
tant matters to be discussed. Phila
delphia promises to give the newsps
per men a warm reception, and the a
tendance should be large.