The chronicle=news., 1913-06-17


after y shower you will see small
puddiss along the wheel ruts and
sometimes larger pools. This water
stays on tho road surface because
Il cannot drain away Into the side
bitches. u you look closely you will
xee side bitches which have grown
up with bushes and weeds In many
cases. aud which are 70 far from the
travelled part Ut the road that the
rain water does not drain Into them.
That part Of the roadway where the
wxxons travel is called the travelled
WAY. To prevent water from stand
ing on tho travelled way the roed
should he raised. a II then said 10
have \ crown. II II 10 ten fqnt 4fs0in
the center Of the r0sd tn the side
ditch. the surface NJ the side ditch
should b~ NJ least 10 inches lower
than II is NJ the center where the
horses travel. The rosd then has
y l"-inch crown. The rain that falls
ON y road properly crowned will run
quickly to the siic and not soak into
the surface or form pools. The side
bitches for surface water should run
parallel 10 the rixht Of way. aud
should be open ~ every low point
~ that the water eau run out Of
them Into ncixhl,0rinG brooks and
streams. n the bitches merely COL
lsci the water from the road surface
and II eau not run away. large pools
will he formed along the roadside.
which will gradually soak Into the
soil beneath the rOad and make II
30 soft that the wheels Of wagons
Will cut through the road surface
and soon destroy II.
Sometimes water runs from land
along the road into the road aud
forms n little stream down the wheel
tracks or in the middle where the
horsrs travel. When dri,cways into
farm yards are built across the side
ditrhcx they frequently form chan
ncis for water from the warm yards
to run into the road. The pipes un-
der drivcways become filled with
leaves or rubbish and the water eau
no longer run away. II tho drive
WAYS that stop the ditch water were
rebuilt 10 that no pipes were nccc~.
sary and thc ditch could h~ left open
much trouble from surface water Il
would be stopped.
Sometimes = road runs across low
ground or through swamp where
the road can not be drained by side
ditchcs alone. II the road were
built higher like railroad cmbank.
mcnt across such low land and made
with = crown. Il would bc dry aad
hard. sometimes = road passes
through what 10 called . cut. This
Is = place where the earth hes bee.
dug out No that tho rnad can 10
over . hill without bsiaG too xtsep.
Tho water which always flows Q,ssst-
" under tho ground on hill sides is
known NJ sroand water. In road
cuts such water sometimes mskCx
tho road very muddy. and the ros,i
then needs what road builders can
undcrdrsinasc. A good kind Of under
drainage In = trench to IN along
under tho side drain and about three
feet deep and foot and half wide.
In this trench \ pipc In laid near
WV Vussusu HuV CuNeV0U Win uOO%e
stones no bigger than an cxE. Whcu
the trench il completely filled with
'oose stones tho ground water. in
stead Of soaking into the roadway
will stop among tho stones and flow
down through the pipe.
To keep road smooth aud crown
cd tho best method IN to drag II with
road drag. A road drag is made
easily with two halves of log which
has been split. The log should he
about 6 or = inches In thickness and
about or feet long. The two
halves OF the log are set , fct apart
with the smooth faces forward and
upright. They are then fastened to-
gcthcr with braces set In holes bored
through the log. a pair Of horses
may be used to drag the road and are
httched to n chain fastened to the
front half OF the log. The road
drag should move forward 10 that
II slants across the road In such q
way that small amount of earth
will slide past the smooth face OF
Tim Inv tcwnrd fhn ,ou0cr NJ thr