davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1913-12-02
Prehistoric Man In Belgium.

Prehistoric man has been traced In
several periods In Belgium. and NJ.
Putot, Belgian geogogist. has made
p novel attempt to estimate the popn.
lation at different stages In tue lower
Aurignaciau period five OF Belgium's
numerous caves seem to have been m
habited. their capacity being htty To
sixty persons. In the MaGdaleneau
period the population was probably
sixty. Retreat of the ice permitted
leaving the shelters at the close OF
this period. and the settlers on the
banks of the lakes may soon have
numbered 100 or 100 The coming OF
the Cervides forests perhaps developed
a population OF 1000. which may have
increased to 1000 or 5000 al The he
ginning 'of the polished stone age.
New York Press
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1913-12-02
HUERTA MUST GO.
Predicts Downfall OF "usurper" Who
Cast Aside Even Pretense Of Legal
Right and Declared Himself picts.


Predicts Downfall OF "usurper" Who
Cast Aside Even Pretense Of Legal
Right and Declared Himself picts.
tor"
There is but one cloud upon our hori-
zon. That has shown itself to the
south of us and hangs over Mexico.
There can be no certain prospect OF
peace in America until General Huerta
has surrendered his usurped authority
I'm Mexico. Until it is understood or
all hands, indeed. such pretended gov
ernments will not be countenanCed or
dealt with by the government of the
United States. We are the friends of
constitutional government in America.
We are more than its friends; we are
its champions, because i'm no other
way can our neiChbors to whom we
would wish in every way to make
proof of our friendship work out their
own development IN peace and liberty.
Mexico has no government. The at
tempt to maintain one Mt the City Of
Mexico has broken down. and n mere
military despotsm has been set mp
NHl'h VOC 'tl'iiN iilVlt Nldh Tue Ntii-
blance Of national authority. IT origi-
mated In the usurpation Of Victoriano
Huerta. who, after n brief attempt 10
play the part of constitutional presi-
dent. has at last cast aside even the
pretense of legal right and declared
himself dictator. As n consequence a
condition of affairs now exists in Mex.
leo which has made Il doubtful wheth-
or even the most elementary and fund
amental rights either of her own peo-
pie or OF the citizens Of other coun-
tries resident within her territory can
long be successfully safeguarded and
which threatens il long continued "a
imperil the interests of peace, order
and tolerable life I'm the lands imme.
diately to the south OF us.
Even If the usurper had succeeded
in his purposes, I'm despite Of the con
stitution of the republic and the rights
of its people he would have set M
nothing but precarious and hateful
power which could have lasted but q
little while and whose eventual down
| fall would have left the country in Il
more deplorable condition than ever
But he has not succeeded He has for
felted the respect and the moral sup
port even OF those who were at one
| time willing TO see him succeed. Little
by little he has been completely isolat
ed. BY little every day his power
and prestige are crumbling, and the
collapse Is not far away. We shall
not. I believe. he obliged to alter on
policy of watchful waiting And then
when the end comes. we shall hope &c
see constitutional order restored in dis
tressed Mexico by the concert and en-
ergy OF such Of her leaders as prefer
the liberty Of their people TO their owr
ambitions.
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1913-12-02
WANTS TREATIES RATIFIED.
Asserts That United States Leads In
Peace Negotiations.

The country. am thankful 10 say, is
nc peace with all the world, and many
happy manifestations multiply about MS
Of growing cordiality and sense of
community of interest among the ma
tons. foreshadowing an age Of settled
peace and good will. More and more
readily each decade do the nations
manifest their willingness TO bind them
selves by solemn treaty 10 the proc
csses of peace. the processes Of frank
ness and fair concession. So far the
United States has stood Mt the front OF
such negotiations. She will, | earnest
" hope and confidently believe, give
fresh proof of her sincere adherence TO
the cause of international friendship
by ratifying the several treaties of ar
bitration awaiting renewal by the sen
ate
In addition to these it has been the
privilege of the department of state TO
gain the assent. in principle, of no less
than thirty-one nations, representing
four-hfths of the population of the
world. to the negotiation of treaties by
which IL shall be agreed that whenever
differences of interest or Of policy arise
which cannot be resolved by the ordi.
nary processes of diplomacy they shall
he publicly analysed, discussed and re-
ported upon by a tribunal chosen by
the parties before either nation deter
mines its course Of action.
There is only one possible standard
by which to determine controversies
between the United States and other
nations. and that is compounded of
these two clements our own honor
and our obligations to the peace of the
world A test so compounded ought
easily 10 he made 10 govern both the
establishment OF new treaty obIiga'
tons and the Interpretation Of those
already assumed.
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1913-12-02
PHILIPPINE CONTROL.
Must Hold Ultimate Independence in
Wow and Strive TO Fit Filipinos For
Self Government at Future Date.

Self Government at Future Date.
These are all matters of vital do.
nestle concern. and besides them. out
side the charmed circle of our own ma
tional life in which our affections com
mand us, rs well as our consciences
there stand out our obligations toward
our territories over sea Here we are
trustees. Porto Rico. Hawaii. the Phil
ippines. are ours. indeed. but not ours
Ia do what we please with. Such ter.
rtories. once regarded rs mere posses
sions. are no longer to he selfishly ex-
plotted: they are part Of the domain of
public conscience and of serviceable
and enlightened craftsmanship.
We must administer them for the
people who live in them and with the
same sense of responsibility To them rs
toward our own people in our domestic
affairs. No doubt we shall success.
fully enough bind Porto Rico and the
Hawaiian Islands To ourselves 10y ties
of justice and interest and affection,
but the performance of our duty to-
ward the Philippines Is more din
cult and dehatable matter We can
satisfy the obligations of generous jus
tice toward the people of Porto Rico
10y giving the ample and familiar
rights and privileges accorded our own
citizens I'm our own territories and our
obligations toward the people ~ ila.
wall 10y perfecting the provisions for
self government already granted them,
but in the Philippines we must 90 fur
Their. We must hold steadily in view
their ultimate independence. and we
must move toward the time or that
independence Ms steadily as the way
can be cleared and the foundations
thoughtfully and permanently laid.
Acting under the authority conferred
upon the president by congress. have
already accorded the people Of the Is
lands n majority I'm both houses OF
their legislative body by appointing
FIVE instead Of four native citizens to
the membership Of the commission. I
believe that in this way we shall make
proof Of their capacity in counsel and
their sense of responsibility I'm the eS-
ercise OF political power aud that the
success of this step will he sure to
clear orr view for the steps which are
TO follow.
step 10y step we should extend and
perfect the system of self government
In the islands making test of them and
modifying them as experience discloses
their successes and their failures: that
we should more and more put under
the control Of the native citizens Of the
archipelago the essential instruments
Of their life. their local INSTRUMENTAL
ties of government their schools. all
the common interests of their commu-
mites and so by counsel and experience
set up government which all the
world will see to be suitable to peo.
pie whose affairs are under their own
control
At last. ! hope and believe. we are
beginning TO gain the confidence of the
Filipino peoples. BY their counsel and
experience. rather than by our own,
we shall learn how best to serve them
and how soon IL Will be possible and
wise TO withdraw our supervision. Let
us once find the path and set out with
erlp aud confident tread upon It. aud
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1913-12-02

ference of purpose between them The
resources in question must be used.
but not destroyed or wasted; used. but
not monopolized upon any narrow idea
of individual rights as against the
abiding interests of communities. That
n policy can be worked out by confer
ence and concession which will release
these resources and yet not leopard
or dissipate them ] for one have no
doubt and 1t can be done on lines OF
regulation which need be no less &C.
ceptable to the people and government
Of The nation at large. whose heritage
these resources are We must bend
our counsels to this end A common
purpose ought to make agreement
easy
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1913-12-02
WILSON READS
MESSAGE TODAY
Outlines Policies to Congress and
Urges New Legislation
Continued From Firm, Page.

subject it. | shall submit 10 YOU the
reports of the heads Of several depart
ments in which these subjects are set
forth i'm careful details and beg that
they may receive the thoughtful atten-
ton Of your committees and OF all
members of the congress who may
have the leisure 10 study them Their
obvious importance. as constituting the
very substance Of the business of the
government. makes comment and en-
phasis on my part unnecessary.
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1913-12-02
PROBLEM IN ALASKA.
Urges Development by Nation OF Nat.
ursl Resources and Full Territorial
Form OF Government.

ursl Resources and Full Territorial
Form OF Government.
A duty faces us with regard To Alas
LA which seems to me very pressing
aud very imperative: perhaps ! should
shy double duty. for IL concerns both
the political and the material develop
ment of the territory. The people Of
Alaska should he given the full terri
toriai form of government. and Alas
la. rs storehOuse. should he unlock
ed one key to II is n system of rail
ways These the government should
itself build aud administer and the
ports and terminals 1t should itself
control in The interest Of all who wish
to use them for the service ana deve'-
opment of the country and its people.
But the construction of railways n
only the first step iH only tbruSting IN
tue key tO the storChouSe and throw
ing back the lock and opening the
door How the tempting resources Of
the country are To be exploited is an.
other matter. TO which | shall take the
liberty of from time to time calling
your attention. for it is II policy which
must be worked out 10y well Cousid-
cred stages, not upon theory but upon
lines of practical expedieucy II is
part Of our general problem of con
servation We have frecr hand i'm
working out the problem in Alaska
than i'm the states of the Union. aud
yet the principle and object are the
same wherever we touch it. We must
use the resources of the country. not
lock them up.
There need he no conflict or jealousy
as between state and federal authori-
ties. for there can he no essential diff
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1913-12-02

STRIKE agitators in the Colorado coal
fields have been indicted by federal
grand Jury for alleged maintenance of
81 monopoly of labor and alleged con-
swracv in restraint of trade in inter-
fering with interstate traffic in coal.
It is charged also that the agitators
are responsible FOR the lawlessness I'm
the strike district.
The copper country has experienced
much of the same kind of trouble that
has been rampant in the Colorado
strike zone. Violence of similar char
acter has been INDUCED in here. An'
this was a quiet prosperous, happy
mining community FOR fifty years pre-
vious to the advent of agitators. When
they arrived industrial peace soon came
To an end and reign Of lawlessnesS
entered
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1913-12-02
STOPPING OVER.

We wish TO make the people the SUI
preme arbiters between their servants,
the court and the legislature, when
the court and the legislature differ as
10 the proper Interpretation OF the
constitution which the people made
Col. Roosevelt
The trouble with that statement is
that the people did not make the
constitution, comments the milwaukee,
sentinel \ wisely selected group of
exceptionally capable persons made it,
The people no more made it than
they invented the steam engine, the
telephone, the telegraph. the airship;
or than they planned Grants cam
paisn. or composed Lincolns Gettys-
burg address, or engineered the Pam
anna canal
Such THINGS are done 10y exception
ally gifted individuals, to whom every
-reat forward step i'm human progress
can bee traced. and who in ability over
top the rest of ms as the tree overtops
the corn.
Politicians when ON their legs are
apt to think in terms of clapuap, 10
the utter paralysis OF their common
sense
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1913-12-02
TIE PRESIDENTS MESSAGE

Th.r, viii Doe general agreement
vtn prssa,ur Wilson'S request m his
message read to Congress today for
legislation which viii clarity the Sher-
man ANTITRUST law. Supplementary
provisions which clear up much debat-
able ground and permit business men
n proceed wtN enterprises and iutrsl-
man's without fear ut 0yersteppiug tH"
I8" are badly needed. once the un-
serranr.es If Tire sherman aet are
eliminated business condition., gener-
.'E V.f mnrHs. which w.H au rec
.ir.'od .n I'd Er,at.r measure NJ pros
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1913-12-02

business which centcrs in the city and
I'm the factory. aud ! think that all
thoughtful observers will agree that
the immediate service we owe the
business communities OF the country
Is 10 prevent private monopoly more
effectually than IL has yet been pre-
vented think II will be easily agreed
that we should let the sherman anti
trust law. stand. unaltered, as IL Is,
with its debatable ground about It..
but that we should as much as possi-
BILE reduce the area Of that debatable
ground hy further and more explicit
legislation. and should also supplement-
that great act by legislation which
will not only clarity IL but also faclli.
tate its administration and make II
fairer 10 all concerned
M doubt we shall all wish. and the
country will expect. this 10 be the
central subject Of our deliberations
during the present session hut II is n
subject so many sided and So deServ-
Ing Of careful and discriminating dis
cussion that shall take the liberty of
addressing YOU upon It In u special
message ut n later date than this. II
IS OF capital Importance that the huSi
ness men Of this country should he re-
ieved of all uncertainties Of law with
regard to their enterprises and invest
ments and n clear path Indicated
which they can travel without anxiety.
II is MS important that they should be
relieved of embarrassment and set
free 10 prosper Ms that private monop-
oily should he destroyed The ways Of
action should he thrown wide open,
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1913-12-02

riculture may be made to serve them
very greatly in their work of framing
appropriate and adequate legislation.
lt would be lndiscreet and presump-
tuous in any one to dogmatize upon 40
great and many sided question. but
feel confident that common counsel
will produce the results we must all
desire.
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1913-12-02
FAVORS DIRECT ELECTIONS.
Would Retain Conventions, Delegates
to Be Nominees For Office, Whose
Duty II Would Be TO Frame Plat.
farms

Would Retain Conventions, Delegates
to Be Nominees For Office, Whose
Duty Il Would Be TO Frame Plat.
forms.
turn TO n subject which I hope can
be handled promptly and without scri-
Gus controversy of any kind mean
the method of selecting nominees Cor
the presidency of the United States. !
feel confident that | do not misinte"-
FRET the wishes or the expectations Of
the country when | urge the prompt
enactment of legislation which will
provide for primary elections through
ont the country nj which the voters Of
the several parties may choose their
nominees for the presidency without
the Intervention of nominating cnnvcn
tiOus. venture the suggestion that
this legislation should provide for the
retention of party conventions. but
only for the purpose of declaring and
accepting the verdict of the primaries
and formulating the platforms Of the
parties. aud | suggest that these con
ventions should consist not of dele.
gates chosen for this single purpose,
but Of the nominees for congress, the
nominees for vacant seats in the sen
ate OF the United States. the senators
whose terms have not yet closed, the
national committees and the candi-
dates for the presidency themselves.
in order that platforms may be framed
Ivy those responsible to the people for
carrying them into effect.
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1913-12-02
URGES CURRENCY REFORM
TO BENEFIT THE FARMER.

President Wilson in his mes
sage urses the immediate pas
sage Of currency legislation. He
asserts that business interests Of
the nation are waiting on the es-
peeted law before making large
new investments or developing
resources. The president also
calls attention to conditions as
they exist at present, which
make Il very difficult for the
farmer TO finance his crop. He
urges in his annual message pro-
visions that will safeguard the
farmer. help his credit and pre-
vent repetition OF the neces-
sty for the sovernmemrt to de-
post large sums OF money IN
the southern and western states
so as TO aid the producer, as was
the case last fall.
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1913-12-02
EMPLOYERS LIABILITY ACT.
Urges Legislation TO Safeguard Work.
men Both on Land and Ses-points
Out Needed Economical Reforms.

Three or four matters of special i'm
portance aud significance ! beg that
you will permit me To mention In clos.
ing.
Our bureau Of mines ought to be
equipped and empowered TO render
even more effectual service than IL rem.
ders now In improving the conditions Of
mine labor and making the mines more
economically productive as well AZ
more safe. This Is an all important
part of the work of conservation. and
the conservation of human life and en-.
erSy lies even nearer to our interest
than the preservation from waste of
our material resources
We owe It In mere justice to the rail
way employees of the country to pro-
vide for them a fair and effective en-.
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1913-12-02
Whist.

Whist undoubtedly Is derived from
purely English lineage There is no
record Of the origin OF this game nor
Of its development into run and hon
ors. which was the parent OF whist
The earliest reference To II Is believed
10 he IN sermon of Tatimer about
the year 1920 The name probably Is
derived from the hist" or silence
which close attention to play demands
OF the players
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1913-12-02
PRESIDENT MAKES KNOWN
HIS PHILIPPINE POLICY.

President Wilson's policy to-
ward the Philippine Islands is
made clear in his message. He
urges the development OF the
Philippines, always keeping in
view ultimate independence Of
the islanders. While he does not
believe they are ready for self
government today he believes
that eventually they will be. He
points out improvement that has
recently been made by calling
attention TO the fact that more
natives have been appointed on
the Philippine commission than
was the case previously.
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1913-12-02

The conditions OF employment i'm the
copper country mines would not have
accustomed strike in an even hundred
Years. comments the Mining Journal
The strike occurred because the OIL
r.als ot the Western Federation de-
sired to extend the scope of their or
sanitation aud their resultant author
ty. They were not called into the
copper country 10y the men. They went
into the copper yountr, of their own
,ouuou Jo build up sentiment for a
strike that would advantage them, and
strengthen them i'm the Lake Superior
distric, So that they would in turn
again unlimited 10y the men-bc en-
abled 90 advance ON the iron ranges
.at NirhiGan and Minnesota
The the eight hour shift is a thing
that the mine workers have long want
,d. and now, no doubt, they will well
bc pleased 10 get it. a shortened shift
paid for at the same rate previously
in effect is i'm itself a raise in pay, and
the readjustmeut proposed in the cop
per country will make it easy, it is
said, for the average mine worker to
add approximately 10 per cent to his
monthly pay check
80 even if the new conditions will be
without effect ON the strike they will
Dee beneficial in large degree to the
men
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1913-12-02
Glaaaow's pavements.

According Ia an excellent custom In
Glasgow. before any street is paved
or repaved all city departments that
may be likely to open the street are
communicated with 50 Ms to give them
an opportunity to examine their pipes
or make necessary repairs. alterations
or renewals before the paving Is laid
Chicago News.
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1913-12-02

The buck law would be q fine thing
'ar the deer" remarks the Ishpeming
iron ore. 1t would aid i'm increasing
.HeJr numbers and would add much
natural wealth for the people. II
would also prevent the killing Of hunt
rrs to the extent now reported. The
I-urcs have not yet been made up
showing how many human lives have
been taken in the hunt now about end
ed. bat the total will be too large 1t
viii Doe the duty of the true sports
men o. Michigan 10 get together be-
fore the next session Of the legislature
and decide upon a buck law. II is the
hing. II might be well TO have a
.Iosed season extending over three or
four years 10 give the deer chance
FOO increase. and then follow this with
~ buck law FOR a term Of say five years
giving it fair trial Undoubtedly il
would work out SO well that all the
people would want it retained for an
other five years Let's get at the task
gf saving the deer while there are still
some to be saved"
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1913-12-02
VIEWS ON CURRENCY BILL.

Urges Measure That viii Prove Bene.
III 10 Fsrmers--topes For Quick Ao-
ton.
turn to matters Of domestic con-
Germ. You already have under consid-
Grafton bill for the reform OF ear
system Of banking and currency. for
which the country waits with impa-
tience, as for something fundamental
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1913-12-02
While There's Life

Mrs. Matchem-Forty years old. Mr.
Singleton. and never been married.
Dear me! But surely you have not
given up all hope? Singleton-No. In
deed! hope am safe for another
forty years, anyway.-Boston Tran
script
st. Paul is dealing with an outbreaF
of diphtheria.
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1913-12-02

And now somebody in high author
,ty in Great Britain has discovereu
that enormous battleships are useless
against submarines. But that OF
course. won't put on end TO the
huIIdlng OF battleships
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1913-12-02

Strike leaders have framed reso-
tuition 10 the effect that the strikers
VIII continue to adhere to the princi-
rlcs Of organized labor" They want
the strike TO continue. That's their
game
Their action is evidence enough tina,
ghey have only their own and not tho
interests and welfare Of the men q;
heart
The strikers have been granted prac-
u.ally every material concession. But
the agitators exhort them to hold on,
for recognition of the Western Fedora
tom of Miners. the agltators know that
every reasonable concession has been
made % tho men but they know. too,
Chat il the strike is called Off without
recognition that they will lose a very
prolific source of revenue for the ex-
tension of the power Of their organiza
ton into other districts.
% is the way of the asitator. Event
1aliy the strikers must realize the
truth